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Coelho de Souza F, Dexter KG, Phillips OL, Pennington RT, Neves D, Sullivan MJP, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves Á, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki O, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Boot RGA, Brienen RJW, Brown F, Camargo JLC, Castro W, Chave J, Cogollo A, Comiskey JA, Cornejo-Valverde F, da Costa AL, de Camargo PB, Di Fiore A, Feldpausch TR, Galbraith DR, Gloor E, Goodman RC, Gilpin M, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Jimenez-Rojas E, Killeen TJ, Laurance S, Laurance WF, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy TE, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Neill DA, Vargas PN, Peñuela Mora MC, Pickavance GC, Pipoly JJ, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez F, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Silva N, Silveira M, Singh J, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Umetsu RK, Vasquez RV, Célia-Vieira I, Vieira SA, Vos VA, Zagt RJ, Baker TR. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1754-1761. [PMID: 31712699 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of taxonomic and evolutionary diversity are expected to maximize ecosystem function, yet their relative importance in driving variation in ecosystem function at large scales in diverse forests is unknown. Using 90 inventory plots across intact, lowland, terra firme, Amazonian forests and a new phylogeny including 526 angiosperm genera, we investigated the association between taxonomic and evolutionary metrics of diversity and two key measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood productivity and biomass storage. While taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were not important predictors of variation in biomass, both emerged as independent predictors of wood productivity. Amazon forests that contain greater evolutionary diversity and a higher proportion of rare species have higher productivity. While climatic and edaphic variables are together the strongest predictors of productivity, our results show that the evolutionary diversity of tree species in diverse forest stands also influences productivity. As our models accounted for wood density and tree size, they also suggest that additional, unstudied, evolutionarily correlated traits have significant effects on ecosystem function in tropical forests. Overall, our pan-Amazonian analysis shows that greater phylogenetic diversity translates into higher levels of ecosystem function: tropical forest communities with more distantly related taxa have greater wood productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Danilo Neves
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Esteban Alvarez-Davila
- Escuela de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Sede José Celestino Mutis, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Átila Alves
- Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ieda Amaral
- Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project, INPA and STRI, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Luis E O C Aragao
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric J M M Arets
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luzmilla Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario PORT, Mesa de Cavacas, Venezuela
| | - Olaf Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Rene G A Boot
- Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - José Luís C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project, INPA and STRI, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Medellin, Colombia
| | - James A Comiskey
- National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA.,Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Plínio B de Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Rosa C Goodman
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rafael Herrera
- Centro de Ecología, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, Univerity of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas E Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, George Mason University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Unidad Académica del Trópico, Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia
| | | | - David A Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - John J Pipoly
- Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Freddy Ramirez
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas Maceio, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,School of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | | | | | | | - Simone A Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado-Regional Norte Amazónico, Riberalta, Bolivia.,Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Riberalta, Bolivia
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Schepaschenko D, Chave J, Phillips OL, Lewis SL, Davies SJ, Réjou-Méchain M, Sist P, Scipal K, Perger C, Herault B, Labrière N, Hofhansl F, Affum-Baffoe K, Aleinikov A, Alonso A, Amani C, Araujo-Murakami A, Armston J, Arroyo L, Ascarrunz N, Azevedo C, Baker T, Bałazy R, Bedeau C, Berry N, Bilous AM, Bilous SY, Bissiengou P, Blanc L, Bobkova KS, Braslavskaya T, Brienen R, Burslem DFRP, Condit R, Cuni-Sanchez A, Danilina D, Del Castillo Torres D, Derroire G, Descroix L, Sotta ED, d'Oliveira MVN, Dresel C, Erwin T, Evdokimenko MD, Falck J, Feldpausch TR, Foli EG, Foster R, Fritz S, Garcia-Abril AD, Gornov A, Gornova M, Gothard-Bassébé E, Gourlet-Fleury S, Guedes M, Hamer KC, Susanty FH, Higuchi N, Coronado ENH, Hubau W, Hubbell S, Ilstedt U, Ivanov VV, Kanashiro M, Karlsson A, Karminov VN, Killeen T, Koffi JCK, Konovalova M, Kraxner F, Krejza J, Krisnawati H, Krivobokov LV, Kuznetsov MA, Lakyda I, Lakyda PI, Licona JC, Lucas RM, Lukina N, Lussetti D, Malhi Y, Manzanera JA, Marimon B, Junior BHM, Martinez RV, Martynenko OV, Matsala M, Matyashuk RK, Mazzei L, Memiaghe H, Mendoza C, Mendoza AM, Moroziuk OV, Mukhortova L, Musa S, Nazimova DI, Okuda T, Oliveira LC, Ontikov PV, Osipov AF, Pietsch S, Playfair M, Poulsen J, Radchenko VG, Rodney K, Rozak AH, Ruschel A, Rutishauser E, See L, Shchepashchenko M, Shevchenko N, Shvidenko A, Silveira M, Singh J, Sonké B, Souza C, Stereńczak K, Stonozhenko L, Sullivan MJP, Szatniewska J, Taedoumg H, Ter Steege H, Tikhonova E, Toledo M, Trefilova OV, Valbuena R, Gamarra LV, Vasiliev S, Vedrova EF, Verhovets SV, Vidal E, Vladimirova NA, Vleminckx J, Vos VA, Vozmitel FK, Wanek W, West TAP, Woell H, Woods JT, Wortel V, Yamada T, Nur Hajar ZS, Zo-Bi IC. The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass. Sci Data 2019; 6:198. [PMID: 31601817 PMCID: PMC6787017 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world's forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria.
- Forestry faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, 141005, Russia.
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 37012, Washington 20013, USA
| | | | - Plinio Sist
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Klaus Scipal
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Perger
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
- Spatial Focus GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno Herault
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Department Foresterie et Environnement (DFR FOREN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, BP 2661, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nicolas Labrière
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Kofi Affum-Baffoe
- Mensuration Unit, Forestry Commission of Ghana, 4 Third Avenue Ridge, Kumasi, POB M434, Ghana
| | - Alexei Aleinikov
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Christian Amani
- Centre for International Forestry Research, CIFOR, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
| | | | - John Armston
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, 2181 Lefrak Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Joint Remote Sensing Research Program, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Chamberlain Building (35), Campbell Road, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Av. Irala 565 - casilla, 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Nataly Ascarrunz
- IBIF, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto # 28, Km 14 doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz, Casilla, 6204, Bolivia
| | - Celso Azevedo
- Embrapa, Rodovia AM 10, km 29, Manaus, AM, 69010-970, Brazil
| | - Timothy Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Radomir Bałazy
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Geomatics, Braci Leśnej 3, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, 05-090, Poland
| | - Caroline Bedeau
- ONF, ONF-Réserve de Montabo Cayenne Cedex, Cayenne, BP 7002; 97307, French Guiana
| | - Nicholas Berry
- The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group, 20 Chambers St, Edinburgh, EH1 1JZ, UK
| | - Andrii M Bilous
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, General Rodimtsev 19, Kyiv, 3041, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Yu Bilous
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, General Rodimtsev 19, Kyiv, 3041, Ukraine
| | | | - Lilian Blanc
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Kapitolina S Bobkova
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Tatyana Braslavskaya
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Richard Condit
- Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rte. 53, Lisle, 60532, IL, USA
| | - Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Dilshad Danilina
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Dennis Del Castillo Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. Abelardo Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Apartado Postal 784, Peru
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique - BP 701, Kourou, 97387, France, French Guiana
| | - Laurent Descroix
- ONF, ONF-Réserve de Montabo Cayenne Cedex, Cayenne, BP 7002; 97307, French Guiana
| | - Eleneide Doff Sotta
- Embrapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 5, no 2.600, Macapa, Caixa Postal 10, CEP: 68903-419, Brazil
| | | | - Christopher Dresel
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
- Spatial Focus GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Terry Erwin
- SI Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Mikhail D Evdokimenko
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Jan Falck
- Department Forest Ecology and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter,Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Ernest G Foli
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, UP Box 63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Robin Foster
- The Field Musium, 1400S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Steffen Fritz
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | | | - Aleksey Gornov
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Maria Gornova
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ernest Gothard-Bassébé
- Institut Centrafricain de Recherche Agronomique, ICRA, BP 122, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Marcelino Guedes
- Embrapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 5, no 2.600, Macapa, Caixa Postal 10, CEP: 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Keith C Hamer
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Farida Herry Susanty
- FOERDIA, Forestry and Environment Research Development and Innovation Agency, Jalan Gunung Batu No 5, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical, Manaus, 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Eurídice N Honorio Coronado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. Abelardo Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Apartado Postal 784, Peru
| | - Wannes Hubau
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- U Gent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Stephen Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA
| | - Ulrik Ilstedt
- Department Forest Ecology and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Viktor V Ivanov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Milton Kanashiro
- Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Travessa Doutor Enéas Pinheiro, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Anders Karlsson
- Department Forest Ecology and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Viktor N Karminov
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Timothy Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund, Calle Diego de Mendoza 299, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | | | - Maria Konovalova
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Florian Kraxner
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Haruni Krisnawati
- FOERDIA, Forestry and Environment Research Development and Innovation Agency, Jalan Gunung Batu No 5, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia
| | - Leonid V Krivobokov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Ivan Lakyda
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, General Rodimtsev 19, Kyiv, 3041, Ukraine
| | - Petro I Lakyda
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, General Rodimtsev 19, Kyiv, 3041, Ukraine
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- IBIF, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto # 28, Km 14 doble via La Guardia, Santa Cruz, Casilla, 6204, Bolivia
| | - Richard M Lucas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Natalia Lukina
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Daniel Lussetti
- Department Forest Ecology and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | | | - Beatriz Marimon
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, UNEMAT, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, 78.690-000, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, UNEMAT, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, 78.690-000, Brazil
| | | | - Olga V Martynenko
- Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry, Institutskaya 17, Pushkino, 141200, Russia
| | - Maksym Matsala
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, General Rodimtsev 19, Kyiv, 3041, Ukraine
| | - Raisa K Matyashuk
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lebedev 37, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Lucas Mazzei
- Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Travessa Doutor Enéas Pinheiro, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | | | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri; Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Olga V Moroziuk
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, General Rodimtsev 19, Kyiv, 3041, Ukraine
| | - Liudmila Mukhortova
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Samsudin Musa
- FRIM Forest Reserach Institute of Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dina I Nazimova
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Toshinori Okuda
- Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | | | - Petr V Ontikov
- Forestry faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, 141005, Russia
| | - Andrey F Osipov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Maureen Playfair
- Center for Agricultural research in Suriname, CELOS, 1914, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - John Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Vladimir G Radchenko
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lebedev 37, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth Rodney
- IIC, The Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Andes H Rozak
- Cibodas Botanic Gardens - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Cianjur, 43253, Indonesia
| | - Ademir Ruschel
- Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Travessa Doutor Enéas Pinheiro, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Ervan Rutishauser
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama 3092, Panama
| | - Linda See
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Maria Shchepashchenko
- Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry, Institutskaya 17, Pushkino, 141200, Russia
| | - Nikolay Shevchenko
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anatoly Shvidenko
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, Km 04 - Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, 69915-559, Brazil
| | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, 1 Water Street, Kingston Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cintia Souza
- Embrapa, Rodovia AM 10, km 29, Manaus, AM, 69010-970, Brazil
| | - Krzysztof Stereńczak
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Geomatics, Braci Leśnej 3, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, 05-090, Poland
| | - Leonid Stonozhenko
- Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry, Institutskaya 17, Pushkino, 141200, Russia
| | | | - Justyna Szatniewska
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hermann Taedoumg
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Bioversity international, P.O. Box 2008, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | | | - Elena Tikhonova
- Center of Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32/14, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Av. Irala 565 - casilla, 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Olga V Trefilova
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Ruben Valbuena
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Thoday Building. Deiniol Rd, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Valenzuela Gamarra
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri; Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Sergey Vasiliev
- Forestry faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, 141005, Russia
| | - Estella F Vedrova
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Academgorodok 50(28), Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Sergey V Verhovets
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy Ave, 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian state university of science and technology, pr. Mira 82, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
| | - Edson Vidal
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paolo, PO Box 9, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Nadezhda A Vladimirova
- State Nature Reserve Denezhkin Kamen, Lenina, 6, Sverdlovsk reg, Severouralsk, 624480, Russia
| | - Jason Vleminckx
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | | | - Foma K Vozmitel
- Forestry faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, 141005, Russia
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Thales A P West
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion) Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Hannsjorg Woell
- Unaffiliated (retired), Sommersbergseestrasse 291, Bad Aussee, 8990, Austria
| | - John T Woods
- W.R.T College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Liberia, Capitol Hill, Monrovia, 9020, Liberia
| | - Verginia Wortel
- Center for Agricultural research in Suriname, CELOS, 1914, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Zamah Shari Nur Hajar
- FRIM Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Irié Casimir Zo-Bi
- Department Foresterie et Environnement (DFR FOREN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, BP 2661, Côte d'Ivoire
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3
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Gomes VHF, IJff SD, Raes N, Amaral IL, Salomão RP, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, de Andrade Lima Filho D, López DC, Guevara JE, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Wittmann F, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Martins MP, Irume MV, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Bánki OS, da Silva Guimarães JR, Pitman NCA, Piedade MTF, Mendoza AM, Luize BG, Venticinque EM, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Manzatto AG, Terborgh J, Reis NFC, Montero JC, Casula KR, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Coronado ENH, Feldpausch TR, Duque A, Zartman CE, Arboleda NC, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Schöngart J, Assis RL, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Camargo JL, Demarchi LO, Laurance SGW, de Sousa Farias E, Nascimento HEM, Revilla JDC, Quaresma A, Costa FRC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Castellanos H, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Feitosa Y, Duivenvoorden JF, Aymard C GA, Mogollón HF, Targhetta N, Comiskey JA, Vicentini A, Lopes A, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Emilio T, Alonso A, Neill D, Dallmeier F, Ferreira LV, Araujo-Murakami A, Praia D, do Amaral DD, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley K, Arroyo L, Pansonato MP, Gribel R, Villa B, Licona JC, Fine PVA, Cerón C, Baraloto C, Jimenez EM, Stropp J, Engel J, Silveira M, Mora MCP, Petronelli P, Maas P, Thomas-Caesar R, Henkel TW, Daly D, Paredes MR, Baker TR, Fuentes A, Peres CA, Chave J, Pena JLM, Dexter KG, Silman MR, Jørgensen PM, Pennington T, Di Fiore A, Valverde FC, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, von Hildebrand P, van Andel TR, Ruschel AR, Prieto A, Rudas A, Hoffman B, Vela CIA, Barbosa EM, Zent EL, Gonzales GPG, Doza HPD, de Andrade Miranda IP, Guillaumet JL, Pinto LFM, de Matos Bonates LC, Silva N, Gómez RZ, Zent S, Gonzales T, Vos VA, Malhi Y, Oliveira AA, Cano A, Albuquerque BW, Vriesendorp C, Correa DF, Torre EV, van der Heijden G, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Young KR, Rocha M, Nascimento MT, Medina MNU, Tirado M, Wang O, Sierra R, Torres-Lezama A, Mendoza C, Ferreira C, Baider C, Villarroel D, Balslev H, Mesones I, Giraldo LEU, Casas LF, Reategui MAA, Linares-Palomino R, Zagt R, Cárdenas S, Farfan-Rios W, Sampaio AF, Pauletto D, Sandoval EHV, Arevalo FR, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Gamarra LV, Alexiades MN, Pansini S, Cuenca WP, Milliken W, Ricardo J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Pos E, Ter Steege H. Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only models with plot abundance data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1003. [PMID: 29343741 PMCID: PMC5772443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility. NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found a significant but weak positive relationship between the distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications should consider this limitation, especially for large biodiversity assessments projects, when they are automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species’ area of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H F Gomes
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie D IJff
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Marine and Coastal Management, Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, Delft, 2629 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Raes
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Iêda Leão Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- EMBRAPA - Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174 km 8, Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil
| | - Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Dairon Cárdenas López
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr 1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany.,Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Amapá, 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, TA A-51/PS2, Bd. de la Lironde, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Jean-François Molino
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Olaf S Bánki
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - José Renan da Silva Guimarães
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Amapá, 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martins Venticinque
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
- Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas 1758, Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Thiago Sanna Freire Silva
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas - IGCE, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto 28 Km 14, Doble via La Guardia Casilla, 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, Av. A. Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Jochen Schöngart
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Assis
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brilhante Medeiros
- Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Layon O Demarchi
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva - Térreo Av. Brasil 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juan David Cardenas Revilla
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Adriano Quaresma
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Flavia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Yuri Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Hugo F Mogollón
- Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd, Silver Spring, MD, 20901, USA
| | - Natalia Targhetta
- MAUA Working Group Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA, 22405, USA.,Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Aline Lopes
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Nállarett Dávila
- Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, SP, 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Priscila Souza
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - David Neill
- Ecosistemas Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Leandro Valle Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Daniel Praia
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Dário Dantas do Amaral
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral, Gables, FL, 33146, USA.,Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral, Gables, FL, 33156, USA
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Diretoria de Pesquisas Científicas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Boris Villa
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto 28 Km 14, Doble via La Guardia Casilla, 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Eliana M Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceio, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, TA A-51/PS2, Bd. de la Lironde, Montpellier, 34398, France.,International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário/Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza/Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, 69915-559, Brazil
| | | | - Pascal Petronelli
- Cirad UMR Ecofog AgrosParisTech CNRS INRA Univ Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France
| | - Paul Maas
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY, 10458-5126, USA
| | - Marcos Ríos Paredes
- Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Tim R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia.,Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, 31000, France
| | - Jose Luis Marcelo Pena
- Department of Forestry Management, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenido La Molina, Apdo. 456, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK.,School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | | | - Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA & Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Tinde R van Andel
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Ademir R Ruschel
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/nº, Belém, PA, 66095-100, Brazil
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Bruce Hoffman
- Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - César I A Vela
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jean-Louis Guillaumet
- Departement EV, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 16 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Belém, PA, 66.077-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2 5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Therany Gonzales
- ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia.,Regional Norte Amazónico, Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Corine Vriesendorp
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Diego Felipe Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.,School of Agriculture and Food Sciences - ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA
| | | | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Kenneth R Young
- Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maira Rocha
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goyatacazes, RJ, 28013-620, Brazil
| | - Maria Natalia Umaña Medina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Milton Tirado
- GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Rodrigo Sierra
- GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia.,Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Baider
- Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade, Aarhus C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Wageningen, 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA, 68015-110, Brazil
| | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.,Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Miguel N Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | | | - William Milliken
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Joana Ricardo
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Edwin Pos
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands. .,Systems Ecology, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands.
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4
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Coelho de Souza F, Dexter KG, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Chave J, Galbraith DR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Pennington RT, Poorter L, Alexiades M, Álvarez-Dávila E, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Bonal D, Boot RGA, Camargo JLC, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, de Camargo PB, Di Fiore A, Elias F, Erwin TL, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Fyllas NM, Gloor E, Herault B, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Lloyd J, Lovejoy TE, Malhi Y, Maracahipes L, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Morandi P, Neill DA, Vargas PN, Oliveira EA, Lenza E, Palacios WA, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pipoly JJ, Pitman NCA, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rudas A, Ruokolainen K, Salomão RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Thomas-Caesar R, van der Hout P, van der Heijden GMF, van der Meer PJ, Vasquez RV, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Wang O, Young KR, Zagt RJ, Baker TR. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1587. [PMID: 27974517 PMCID: PMC5204144 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | | | | | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, Toulouse 31062, France
| | | | | | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.,Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | | | - Ana Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil
| | - Luis E O C Aragão
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.,National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric J M M Arets
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jorcely G Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280, France
| | - Rene G A Boot
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - José L C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil
| | - James A Comiskey
- National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA.,Smithsonian Institution, 1100 Jefferson Dr, SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | | | - Plínio B de Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fernando Elias
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Terry L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Leandro Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Bruno Herault
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, U Antilles, U Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou 97310, French Guiana
| | - Rafael Herrera
- Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Niro Higuchi
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst, Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Thomas E Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy, and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University (GMU), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leandro Maracahipes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ben H Marimon-Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia
| | - Paulo Morandi
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - David A Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - Edmar A Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eddie Lenza
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Walter A Palacios
- Universidad Técnica del Norte and Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-21-1787, Av. Río Coca E6-115, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - John J Pipoly
- Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309, USA
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, PO Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Kalle Ruokolainen
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, Postbus 9517, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama Intertiol Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Peter van der Hout
- Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, Rotterdam 3078 HP, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J van der Meer
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp, The Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo V Vasquez
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Simone A Vieira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - NEPAM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio Vilanova
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado - regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia.,Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kenneth R Young
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Roderick J Zagt
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
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5
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Johnson MO, Galbraith D, Gloor M, De Deurwaerder H, Guimberteau M, Rammig A, Thonicke K, Verbeeck H, von Randow C, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Fauset S, Quesada CA, Christoffersen B, Ciais P, Sampaio G, Kruijt B, Meir P, Moorcroft P, Zhang K, Alvarez‐Davila E, Alves de Oliveira A, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo‐Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard GA, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot R, Camargo J, Chave J, Cogollo A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lola da Costa AC, Di Fiore A, Ferreira L, Higuchi N, Honorio EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Licona J, Lovejoy T, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon BH, Matos DCL, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Pardo G, Peña‐Claros M, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez‐Angulo H, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomao RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres‐Lezama A, van der Heijden GMF, Vasquez R, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Baker TR. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:3996-4013. [PMID: 27082541 PMCID: PMC6849555 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS6 2QTUK
| | - Hannes De Deurwaerder
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation EcologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653B‐9000GentBelgium
| | - Matthieu Guimberteau
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayF‐91191Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- UMR 7619 METISIPSL, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE75252ParisFrance
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University MunichHans‐Carl‐von‐Carlowitz‐Platz 285354FreisingGermany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Telegrafenberg A62PO Box 60 12 03D‐14412PotsdamGermany
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Telegrafenberg A62PO Box 60 12 03D‐14412PotsdamGermany
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation EcologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653B‐9000GentBelgium
| | - Celso von Randow
- INPEAv. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. GranjaCEP: 12227‐010Sao Jose dos CamposSPBrazil
| | - Abel Monteagudo
- Jardín Botánico de MissouriProlongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6Oxapampa, PascoPeru
| | | | | | - Ted R. Feldpausch
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterRennes DriveExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS6 2QTUK
| | | | - Bradley Christoffersen
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
- Earth and Environmental Sciences DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryPO Box 1663Los AlamosNM 87545USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayF‐91191Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- INPEAv. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. GranjaCEP: 12227‐010Sao Jose dos CamposSPBrazil
| | - Bart Kruijt
- ALTERRAWageningen‐URPO Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT0200Australia
| | - Paul Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard University26 Oxford StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological StudiesUniversity of Oklahoma National Weather Center Suite 2100120 David L. Boren BlvdNormanOK73072USA
| | | | | | - Ieda Amaral
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Luiz E. O. C. Aragao
- Jardín Botánico de MissouriProlongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6Oxapampa, PascoPeru
| | - Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff MercadoUniversidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565Santa CruzBolivia
| | | | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff MercadoUniversidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565Santa CruzBolivia
| | - Gerardo A. Aymard
- UNELLEZ‐Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT)Mesa de CavacasEstado Portuguesa3350Venezuela
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological SciencesInternational Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB)Florida International University112200 SW 8th Street, OE 167MiamiFL33199USA
| | - Jocely Barroso
- Universidade Federal do AcreCampus de Cruzeiro do SulRio BrancoBrazil
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRAUMR 1137 “Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere”54280ChampenouxFrance
| | - Rene Boot
- Tropenbos InternationalPO Box 2326700 AEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jose Camargo
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRSUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologiquebâtiment 4R131062ToulouseFrance
| | - Alvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín Joaquín Antonio Uribe Calle 73 # 51 D 14 MedellínCartagenaColombia
| | | | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Texas at AustinSAC Room 5.1502201 Speedway Stop C3200AustinTX78712USA
| | - Leandro Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376 ‐ São BrazCEP: 66040‐170BelémPABrazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Euridice N. Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía PeruanaAv. José Quiñones km 2.5IquitosPerú
| | | | - Susan G. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQld4878Australia
| | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQld4878Australia
| | - Juan Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalC.P. 6201Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia
| | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University (GMU)3351 Fairfax DriveArlingtonWashingtonDCVA 22201USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Bia Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoCampus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08CEP 78.690‐000Nova XavantinaMTBrazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoCampus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08CEP 78.690‐000Nova XavantinaMTBrazil
| | - Darley C. L. Matos
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376 ‐ São BrazCEP: 66040‐170BelémPABrazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR)Av. Final Atahuallpa s/nCasilla 447CochabambaBolivia
| | - David A. Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería AmbientalUniversidad Estatal AmazónicaPaso lateral km 2 1/2 via NapoPuyoPastazaEcuador
| | - Guido Pardo
- Universidad Autonoma del BeniCampus UniversitarioAv. Ejército Nacional, finalRiberaltaBeniBolivia
| | - Marielos Peña‐Claros
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalC.P. 6201Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47Wageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
| | - Nigel C. A. Pitman
- Center for Tropical ConservationDuke UniversityBox 90381DurhamNC27708USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47Wageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Hirma Ramirez‐Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo ForestalUniversidad de Los AndesAvenida Principal Chorros de MillaCampus Universitario ForestalEdificio PrincipalMéridaVenezuela
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development77 High Street KingstonGeorgetownGuyana
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Rafael P. Salomao
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376 ‐ São BrazCEP: 66040‐170BelémPABrazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu UniversitárioUniversidade Federal do AcreRio BrancoAC69910‐900Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health SciencesFederal University of AlagoasAv. Lourival Melo Mota s/nTabuleiro do Martins, MaceióAL 57072‐900Brazil
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterPO Box 95172300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical ConservationDuke UniversityBox 90381DurhamNC27708USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development77 High Street KingstonGeorgetownGuyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalC.P. 6201Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia
| | - Armando Torres‐Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo ForestalUniversidad de Los AndesAvenida Principal Chorros de MillaCampus Universitario ForestalEdificio PrincipalMéridaVenezuela
| | | | - Rodolfo Vasquez
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterRennes DriveExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo ForestalUniversidad de Los AndesAvenida Principal Chorros de MillaCampus Universitario ForestalEdificio PrincipalMéridaVenezuela
| | - Vincent A. Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte AmazónicoC/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362Casilla 16RiberaltaBolivia
- Universidad Autónoma del BeniAvenida 6 de Agosto N° 64RiberaltaBolivia
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6
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Johnson MO, Galbraith D, Gloor M, De Deurwaerder H, Guimberteau M, Rammig A, Thonicke K, Verbeeck H, von Randow C, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Fauset S, Quesada CA, Christoffersen B, Ciais P, Sampaio G, Kruijt B, Meir P, Moorcroft P, Zhang K, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves de Oliveira A, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard GA, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot R, Camargo J, Chave J, Cogollo A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lola da Costa AC, Di Fiore A, Ferreira L, Higuchi N, Honorio EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Licona J, Lovejoy T, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon BH, Matos DCL, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Pardo G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomao RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van der Heijden GMF, Vasquez R, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Baker TR. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models. Glob Chang Biol 2016. [PMID: 27082541 DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
| | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
| | - Hannes De Deurwaerder
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Guimberteau
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR 7619 METIS, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegrafenberg A62, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegrafenberg A62, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Celso von Randow
- INPE, Av. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. Granja, CEP: 12227-010, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Abel Monteagudo
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | | | | | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bradley Christoffersen
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- INPE, Av. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. Granja, CEP: 12227-010, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bart Kruijt
- ALTERRA, Wageningen-UR, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Paul Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, National Weather Center, Suite 2100, 120 David L. Boren Blvd, Norman, OK, 73072, USA
| | | | | | - Ieda Amaral
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragao
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric J M M Arets
- ALTERRA, Wageningen-UR, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo A Aymard
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB), Florida International University, 112200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jocely Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 "Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere", 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Rene Boot
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose Camargo
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Alvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Calle 73 # 51 D 14 Medellín, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leandro Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP: 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. José Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Tim J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Susan G Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Juan Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University (GMU), 3351 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Washington, DC, VA 22201, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Bia Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Darley C L Matos
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP: 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Av. Final Atahuallpa s/n, Casilla 447, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - David A Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Paso lateral km 2 1/2 via Napo, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Guido Pardo
- Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, final, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Avenida Principal Chorros de Milla, Campus Universitario Forestal, Edificio Principal, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael P Salomao
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP: 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Avenida Principal Chorros de Milla, Campus Universitario Forestal, Edificio Principal, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Rodolfo Vasquez
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Avenida Principal Chorros de Milla, Campus Universitario Forestal, Edificio Principal, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Avenida 6 de Agosto N° 64, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - Timothy R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
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7
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ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Peres CA, Guevara JE, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Amaral IL, de Almeida Matos FD, de Souza Coelho L, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, de Andrade Lima Filho D, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Irume MV, Martins MP, Molino JF, Sabatier D, Wittmann F, López DC, da Silva Guimarães JR, Mendoza AM, Vargas PN, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Honorio Coronado EN, Montoya AJD, Zartman CE, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Assis RL, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance SGW, Nascimento HEM, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Costa F, Targhetta N, Vieira ICG, Brienen R, Castellanos H, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Piedade MTF, Aymard C. GA, Comiskey JA, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Diaz PRS, Vincentini A, Emilio T, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Ferreira LV, Neill D, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, Souza FC, do Amaral DD, Gribel R, Luize BG, Pansonato MP, Venticinque E, Fine P, Toledo M, Baraloto C, Cerón C, Engel J, Henkel TW, Jimenez EM, Maas P, Mora MCP, Petronelli P, Revilla JDC, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas-Caesar R, Baker TR, Daly D, Paredes MR, da Silva NF, Fuentes A, Jørgensen PM, Schöngart J, Silman MR, Arboleda NC, Cintra BBL, Valverde FC, Di Fiore A, Phillips JF, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, de Castro D, de Sousa Farias E, Gonzales T, Guillaumet JL, Hoffman B, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschell AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Vos VA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Sierra R, Tirado M, Medina MNU, van der Heijden G, Torre EV, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Baider C, Balslev H, de Castro N, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Giraldo LEU, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Arevalo FR, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Gamarra LV. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500936. [PMID: 26702442 PMCID: PMC4681336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world's >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans ter Steege
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwin building, Darwinweg 4, Leiden 2300 AA, The Netherlands
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Nigel C. A. Pitman
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605–2496, USA
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
- Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Río Coca E6-115 e Isla Floreana, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael P. Salomão
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040–170, Brazil
| | - Carolina V. Castilho
- EMBRAPA – Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174, km 8 – Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR 69301–970, Brazil
| | - Iêda Leão Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - William E. Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Oliver L. Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Av. Feliciano Coelho, 1509. Trem, Macapá, Amapá 68901–025, Brazil
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Molino
- UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), TA 40/PS2, Boulevard de la Lironde, Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), TA 40/PS2, Boulevard de la Lironde, Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dairon Cárdenas López
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5, Bogotá, DF 44, Colombia
| | - José Renan da Silva Guimarães
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Av. Feliciano Coelho, 1509. Trem, Macapá, Amapá 68901–025, Brazil
| | | | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-028, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-028, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Ted R. Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Euridice N. Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Alvaro Javier Duque Montoya
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia 1027, Colombia
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Rafael L. Assis
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brilhante Medeiros
- Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estaccao Biologica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF 70770–917, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estaccao Biologica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF 70770–917, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Susan G. W. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S. Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Flávia Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Natalia Targhetta
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040–170, Brazil
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hernán Castellanos
- Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Joost F. Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, Noord Holland 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo F. Mogollón
- Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd., Silver Spring, MD 20901, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Gerardo A. Aymard C.
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela
| | - James A. Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Nállarett Dávila
- Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | | | - Alberto Vincentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Carolina Levis
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, University of Wageningen, Lumen, building no.100, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Priscila Souza
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 0705, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 0705, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Leandro Valle Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040–170, Brazil
| | - David Neill
- Ecosistemas, Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho Souza
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Dário Dantas do Amaral
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhaes Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA 66040–170, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Diretoria de Pesquisas Científicas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Petrati Pansonato
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Venticinque
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072–970, Brazil
| | - Paul Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 9 Carretera al Norte, El Vallecito, FCA-UAGRM, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Chris Baraloto
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex 97379, French Guiana
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB), Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Julien Engel
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA
| | - Eliana M. Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia
| | - Paul Maas
- Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwin building, Darwinweg 4, Leiden 2300 AA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pascal Petronelli
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex 97379, French Guiana
| | - Juan David Cardenas Revilla
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69915–559, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Land Resource and Management Unit, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 440, Ispra, VA I-21027, Italy
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceio, AL 57072–970, Brazil
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Tim R. Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY 10458–5126, USA
| | | | - Naara Ferreira da Silva
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Jochen Schöngart
- Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Miles R. Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | | | - Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Tinde R. van Andel
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwin building, Darwinweg 4, Leiden 2300 AA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Castro
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM 69057–070, Brazil
| | - Therany Gonzales
- ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Jean-Louis Guillaumet
- Departement EV, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, 16 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bruce Hoffman
- Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, England OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, UNAL, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7945, Bogotá, DF, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, UNAL, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7945, Bogotá, DF, Colombia
| | - Ademir R. Ruschell
- Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - César I. A. Vela
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Vincent A. Vos
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
- Regional Norte Amazónico, Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Eglée L. Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DF, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goyatacazes, RJ 28013–620, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508–090, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sierra
- GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Milton Tirado
- GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | | | - Geertje van der Heijden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Corine Vriesendorp
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605–2496, USA
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Young
- Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Claudia Baider
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508–090, Brazil
- Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade, Aarhus C, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Natalia de Castro
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69060–001, Brazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia 1027, Colombia
| | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel N. Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - William Milliken
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-029, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA 68015–110, Brazil
| | - Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente PGDRA, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, Rondônia 76.824-029, Brazil
| | - Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Peru
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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8
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Brienen RJW, Phillips OL, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Baker TR, Lloyd J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Malhi Y, Lewis SL, Vásquez Martinez R, Alexiades M, Álvarez Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki OS, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot RGA, Camargo JLC, Castilho CV, Chama V, Chao KJ, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo Valverde F, da Costa L, de Oliveira EA, Di Fiore A, Erwin TL, Fauset S, Forsthofer M, Galbraith DR, Grahame ES, Groot N, Hérault B, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Keeling H, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Licona J, Magnussen WE, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Nogueira EM, Núñez P, Pallqui Camacho NC, Parada A, Pardo-Molina G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Pickavance GC, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez-Angulo H, Restrepo Z, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schwarz M, Silva N, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Stropp J, Talbot J, ter Steege H, Teran-Aguilar J, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Toledo M, Torello-Raventos M, Umetsu RK, van der Heijden GMF, van der Hout P, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Zagt RJ. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nature 2015; 519:344-8. [PMID: 25788097 DOI: 10.1038/nature14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J W Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - O L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T R Feldpausch
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - E Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Lloyd
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. [2] School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, 4870 Queenland, Australia
| | | | - A Monteagudo-Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Y Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QK, UK
| | - S L Lewis
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Department of Geography, University College London, Pearson Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - R Vásquez Martinez
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - M Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury CT1 3EH, UK
| | - E Álvarez Dávila
- Servicios Ecosistemicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Calle 73 no. 51 D-14, C.P. 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P Alvarez-Loayza
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - L E O C Aragão
- 1] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK. [2] National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, 1758, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12227-010, Brazil
| | - A Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - E J M M Arets
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350 Venezuela
| | - O S Bánki
- Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Baraloto
- 1] Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana. [2] International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - D Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 ''Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere'' 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - R G A Boot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J L C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - C V Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima, Caixa Postal 133, Boa Vista, RR, CEP 69301-970, Brazil
| | - V Chama
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - K J Chao
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] International Master Program of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - J Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R1, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J A Comiskey
- Northeast Region Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22405, USA
| | - F Cornejo Valverde
- Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - L da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Para, Centro de Geociencias, Belem, CEP 66017-970 Para, Brazil
| | - E A de Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - A Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - S Fauset
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Forsthofer
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - D R Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - E S Grahame
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Groot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Hérault
- Cirad, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - N Higuchi
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - E N Honorio Coronado
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. A. José Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - H Keeling
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - W F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - S Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - J Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - W E Magnussen
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69011-970, Brazil
| | - B S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - B H Marimon-Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - C Mendoza
- 1] FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Bolivia. [2] Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Sacta, Bolivia
| | - D A Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Paso lateral km 2 1/2 via Napo, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - E M Nogueira
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - P Núñez
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - N C Pallqui Camacho
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - A Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G Pardo-Molina
- Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - J Peacock
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Peña-Claros
- 1] Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. [2] Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G C Pickavance
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N C A Pitman
- 1] Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. [2] The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA
| | - L Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Prieto
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - C A Quesada
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - F Ramírez
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - H Ramírez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Z Restrepo
- Servicios Ecosistemicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Calle 73 no. 51 D-14, C.P. 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - A Rudas
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP 66040-170, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - M Schwarz
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Silva
- UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66.077-901, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - J E Silva-Espejo
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - M Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco AC 69910-900, Brazil
| | - J Stropp
- European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via Enrico Fermi 274, 21010 Ispra, Italy
| | - J Talbot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H ter Steege
- 1] Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. [2] Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, PO Box 80084, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Teran-Aguilar
- Museo de Historia Natural Alcide D'Orbigny, Av. Potosi no 1458, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - J Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Thomas-Caesar
- UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66.077-901, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - M Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - M Torello-Raventos
- 1] School of Earth and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. [2] Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - R K Umetsu
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - G M F van der Heijden
- 1] Northumbria University, School of Geography, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK. [2] University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, USA. [3] Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - P van der Hout
- Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, 3078 HP Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I C Guimarães Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP 66040-170, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - S A Vieira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, NEPAM, Rua dos Flamboyants, 155- Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, CEP 13083-867, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - V A Vos
- 1] Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia. [2] Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - R J Zagt
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Mitchard ETA, Feldpausch TR, Brienen RJW, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo A, Baker TR, Lewis SL, Lloyd J, Quesada CA, Gloor M, ter Steege H, Meir P, Alvarez E, Araujo-Murakami A, Aragão LEOC, Arroyo L, Aymard G, Banki O, Bonal D, Brown S, Brown FI, Cerón CE, Chama Moscoso V, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo F, Corrales Medina M, Da Costa L, Costa FRC, Di Fiore A, Domingues TF, Erwin TL, Frederickson T, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Levis C, Magnusson WE, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Mendoza Polo I, Mishra P, Nascimento MT, Neill D, Núñez Vargas MP, Palacios WA, Parada A, Pardo Molina G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman N, Peres CA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Restrepo Correa Z, Roopsind A, Roucoux KH, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schietti J, Silveira M, de Souza PF, Steininger MK, Stropp J, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van Andel TR, van der Heijden GMF, Vieira ICG, Vieira S, Vilanova-Torre E, Vos VA, Wang O, Zartman CE, Malhi Y, Phillips OL. Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2014; 23:935-946. [PMID: 26430387 PMCID: PMC4579864 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset. LOCATION Tropical forests of the Amazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1. METHODS Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground-plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area-based comparisons. RESULTS The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north-east, to the light-wooded, shorter forests of the south-west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over- or under-estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be < 5%. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon-mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above-ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T A Mitchard
- School of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- *Correspondence: Edward T. A. Mitchard, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK., E-mail:
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Geography, University College LondonUK
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeiden, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Esteban Alvarez
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research – INPESão José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo Aymard
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT)Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Olaf Banki
- IBED, University of AmsterdamPOSTBUS 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Damien Bonal
- L'Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueUMR 1137 EEF, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Sandra Brown
- Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock InternationalArlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Foster I Brown
- Woods Hole Research CenterFalmouth, MA, USA
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaRio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Cerón
- Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP), Universidad Central del EcuadorQuito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire EDBbâtiment 4R3, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fernando Cornejo
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesLima, Peru
| | | | - Lola Da Costa
- Geociencias, Universidade Federal de ParaBelem, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tomas F Domingues
- FFCLRP-USP, Department of Biology, Universidade de São Paulo05508-090, Brazil
| | - Terry L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian InstitutionP.O. Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | | | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManaus, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía PeruanaAv. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tim J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund1250 24th Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook UniversityCairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Carolina Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManaus, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Irina Mendoza Polo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Piyush Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Marcelo T Nascimento
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FlumineseCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - David Neill
- Puyo, Universidad Estatal AmazónicaPaso lateral km 2½ via a Napo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | | | - Walter A Palacios
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Técnica del NorteEcuador
| | - Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Nigel Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke UniversityBox 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Carlos A Peres
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East AngliaNorwich, NR4 7JT, UK
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zorayda Restrepo Correa
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaP.O. 118526, 511 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8526, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376, São Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaRio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marc K Steininger
- Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation InternationalWashington, DC, USA
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre of the European CommissionVia Enrico Fermi, 2748 TP 440, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - John Terborgh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke UniversityBox 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz, Bolivia
- Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoSanta Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Geertje M F van der Heijden
- University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeP.O Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado, Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Panama
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376, São Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Simone Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent A Vos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Técnica del NorteEcuador
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Lab of Landscape Ecology and Conservation Biology, Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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10
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Baker TR, Pennington RT, Magallon S, Gloor E, Laurance WF, Alexiades M, Alvarez E, Araujo A, Arets EJMM, Aymard G, de Oliveira AA, Amaral I, Arroyo L, Bonal D, Brienen RJW, Chave J, Dexter KG, Di Fiore A, Eler E, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Lopez-Gonzalez G, van der Heijden G, Higuchi N, Honorio E, Huamantupa I, Killeen TJ, Laurance S, Leaño C, Lewis SL, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Neill D, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pitman N, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez Angulo H, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Salomão RP, de Andrade AS, Silva JNM, Silveira M, Simon MF, Spironello W, ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, Vasquez R, Vieira ICG, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Phillips OL. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:527-36. [PMID: 24589190 PMCID: PMC4285998 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits – short turnover times – are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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