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Kelly M, Jeon S, Yun J, Lee B, Park M, Whang Y, Lee C, Charles RC, Bhuiyan TR, Qadri F, Kamruzzaman M, Cho S, Vann WF, Xu P, Kováč P, Ganapathy R, Lynch J, Ryan ET. Vaccination of Rabbits with a Cholera Conjugate Vaccine Comprising O-Specific Polysaccharide and a Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain Induces Protective Immune Responses against Vibrio cholerae O1. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1122-1128. [PMID: 37783453 PMCID: PMC10622467 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for next-generation cholera vaccines that provide high-level and durable protection in young children in cholera-endemic areas. A cholera conjugate vaccine (CCV) is in development to address this need. This vaccine contains the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) of Vibrio cholerae O1 conjugated via squaric acid chemistry to a recombinant fragment of the tetanus toxin heavy chain (OSP:rTTHc). This vaccine has been shown previously to be immunogenic and protective in mice and found to be safe in a recent preclinical toxicological analysis in rabbits. We took advantage of excess serum samples collected as part of the toxicological study and assessed the immunogenicity of CCV OSP:rTTHc in rabbits. We found that vaccination with CCV induced OSP-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and rTTHc-specific immune responses in rabbits, that immune responses were functional as assessed by vibriocidal activity, and that immune responses were protective against death in an established virulent challenge assay. CCV OSP:rTTHc immunogenicity in two animal model systems (mice and rabbits) is encouraging and supports further development of this vaccine for evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suhi Jeon
- Eubiologics Ltd, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeesun Yun
- Eubiologics Ltd, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byungman Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Chankyu Lee
- Eubiologics Ltd, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taufiqur R. Bhuiyan
- icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Somyoung Cho
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Willie F. Vann
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Peng Xu
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pavol Kováč
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Julia Lynch
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Shore N, Heath E, Nordquist L, Cheng H, Bhatt K, Morrow M, McMullan T, Kraynyak K, Lee J, Sacchetta B, Liu L, Rosencranz S, Tagawa S, Appleman L, Tutrone R, Garcia J, Whang Y, Kelly W, Csiki I, Bagarazzi M. Synthetic DNA immunotherapy in biochemically relapsed prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy284.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Shore N, Heath E, Nordquist L, Cheng H, Bhatt K, Morrow M, McMullan T, Kraynyak K, Lee J, Sacchetta B, Liu L, Rosencranz S, Tagawa S, Parikh R, Tutrone R, Garcia J, Whang Y, Kelly W, Csiki I, Bagarazzi M. Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA-vaccine immunotherapy in men with biochemically (PSA) relapsed prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx370.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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4
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Molina A, Christos P, Whang Y, Nordquist L, Hackett A, Beltran H, Faltas B, Nanus D, Giannakakou P, Tagawa S. Phase I study of apalutamide (ARN) plus abiraterone acetate (AA), docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx370.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hudes G, Tagawa S, Whang Y, Qi M, Qin X, Puchalski T, Prabhakar U, O’Brien K, Eisenberger M. A phase I study of CNTO328, an anti-interleukin (IL)-6 monoclonal antibody combined with docetaxel in subjects with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5063 Background: IL-6 is a potential mediator of prostate cancer morbidity and mortality and may protect prostate cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. CNTO328, a chimeric anti-IL-6 antibody, has been shown to inhibit prostate tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic CRPC were administered CNTO328 in combination with T (75 mg/m2 q3w) in 3 dose-escalation cohorts (6 mg/kg q2w, and 9 and 12 mg/kg q3w) following an initial run-in cycle of T alone to examine the effect of CNTO328 on T pharmacokinetics (PK). Safety was evaluated prior to each dose escalation. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), radiological response, and C-reactive protein (CRP), the best-known surrogate of serum IL-6 bioactivity, were also assessed. Results: This study is fully enrolled December 2008 with 38 patients. 36 patients with KPS ≥70, median age 66 (range 43–82) received 6 (median) cycles of T (range 1–37). 32 patients received at least one dose of CNTO328 in combination with T and are evaluable. Baseline patient characteristics included: median PSA of 59 ng/mL (range 12–1430) and median CRP was 3.85 mg/L (range <1 to 91.3). One DLT was observed in each cohort (grade 4 neutropenic infection, grade 3 syncope and dehydration, grade 3 GI bleeding), though MTD for the combination was not reached. Most frequent ≥grade 3 adverse events (AE) were neutropenia (69%); leukopenia (63%); lymphopenia (31%); dyspnea (19%); fatigue (16%). One patient died due to AE (sepsis) reported as possible related to T and unlikely related to CNTO328 by investigator. Preliminary data show CNTO328 does not appear to have a major effect on T PK. Preliminary efficacy data is shown in the table . Ongoing evaluation indicates 3/12 partial responses in patients with measurable disease reported thus far. Conclusions: CNTO328 with T is well tolerated and demonstrates biological and clinical activity in CRPC that warrants further study. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hudes
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - S. Tagawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Y. Whang
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. Qi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - X. Qin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - T. Puchalski
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - U. Prabhakar
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - K. O’Brien
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. Eisenberger
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, PA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Goyal L, Ramsey S, Godley P, Pruthi R, Wallen E, Whang Y. 2273. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Baggstrom MQ, Rosenman J, Pruthi R, Whang Y, Goyal L, Grigson G, Godley P. A phase II trial of neo-adjuvant docetaxel (D) and estramustine (E) in patients with high risk/locally advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Q. Baggstrom
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - J. Rosenman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R. Pruthi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Y. Whang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - L. Goyal
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - G. Grigson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - P. Godley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Kharbanda S, Kumar V, Dhar S, Pandey P, Chen C, Majumder P, Yuan ZM, Whang Y, Strauss W, Pandita TK, Weaver D, Kufe D. Regulation of the hTERT telomerase catalytic subunit by the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Curr Biol 2000; 10:568-75. [PMID: 10837221 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres consist of repetitive (TTAGGG) DNA sequences that are maintained by the multisubunit telomerase ribonucleoprotein. Telomerase consists of an RNA, which serves as template for the sequence tracts, and a catalytic subunit that functions in reverse transcription of the RNA template. Cloning and characterization of the human catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) has supported a role in cell transformation. How telomerase activity is regulated, however, is largely unknown. RESULTS We show here that hTERT associates directly with the c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase. We also found that c-Abl phosphorylates hTERT and inhibits hTERT activity. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that exposure of cells to ionizing radiation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of hTERT by a c-Abl-dependent mechanism. The functional significance of the c-Abl-hTERT interaction is supported by the demonstration that cells deficient in c-Abl show telomere lengthening. CONCLUSIONS The ubiquitously expressed c-Abl tyrosine kinase is activated by DNA double-strand breaks. Our finding of telomere lengthening in c-Abl-deficient cells and the functional interactions between c-Abl and hTERT support a role for c-Abl in the regulation of telomerase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Choi HS, Park YJ, Youk EG, Yoon KA, Ku JL, Kim NK, Kim SM, Kim YJ, Moon DJ, Min JS, Park CJ, Bae OS, Yang DH, Jun SH, Chung ES, Jung PM, Whang Y, Park JG. Clinical characteristics of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in Korean polyposis patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2000; 15:35-8. [PMID: 10766089 DOI: 10.1007/s003840050005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by hamartomatous polyps in the small bowel and mucocutaneous pigmentation. Patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome often present as surgical emergencies with complications of the polyps, such as intussusception, bowel obstruction, and bleeding. Recently an increased risk of malignancies has also been reported. This study was initiated to determine the clinical features of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in Korean patients, with special attention to the development of malignancies. Thirty patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were investigated; their median age was 23.5 years, and symptoms appeared at a median age of 12.5 years. Family history was positive in one-half of cases, and mucocutaneous pigmentation was observed in almost all patients (93%). The jejunoileum was the most frequent site of the polyps, and there were generally 10-100 polyps. Multiple laparotomies were performed in a substantial portion of the patients, due mainly to polyp-induced bowel obstruction, and the surgical interventions were begun at a relatively young age (average 21.4 years). Four cases of small-bowel cancer and one case of breast cancer were detected in probands, at a relatively young age (mean 36 years). Cancers of the small bowel, stomach, colon, breast and cervix were diagnosed in the first relatives of the probands. Close follow-up from an early age should thus be performed in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome as they are at high risk of surgical emergency and development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Choi
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Korea
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10
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Kharbanda S, Pandey P, Morris PL, Whang Y, Xu Y, Sawant S, Zhu LJ, Kumar N, Yuan ZM, Weichselbaum R, Sawyers CL, Pandita TK, Kufe D. Functional role for the c-Abl tyrosine kinase in meiosis I. Oncogene 1998; 16:1773-7. [PMID: 9583675 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The c-Abl tyrosine kinase is activated by ionizing radiation and certain other DNA-damaging agents. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene product, effectors in the DNA damage response, contribute to the induction of c-Abl activity. The present study demonstrates that c-Abl is expressed in mouse and rat testes, and predominantly in pachytene spermatocytes of meiosis I. The results also demonstrate that c-Abl interacts directly with meiotic chromosomes. In concert with a requirement for c-Abl at the pachytene stage, we show that, in contrast to wild-type mice, testes from Abl-/- mice exhibit defects in spermatogenesis. These findings provide the first demonstration that c-Abl plays a functional role in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kharbanda
- Cancer Pharmacology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Yuan ZM, Huang Y, Whang Y, Sawyers C, Weichselbaum R, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. Role for c-Abl tyrosine kinase in growth arrest response to DNA damage. Nature 1996; 382:272-4. [PMID: 8717045 DOI: 10.1038/382272a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase is activated by certain DNA-damaging agents, and its overexpression causes arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle by a mechanism dependent on the tumour-suppressor protein p53 (refs 2-4). Here we investigate the possible role of c-Abl in growth arrest induced by DNA damage. Transient transfection experiments using wild-type or inactivated c-Abl show that both induce expression of p21, an effector of p53, but only wild-type c-Abl downregulates the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk2 and causes growth arrest. Exposure to ionizing radiation of cells that stably express active or inactive c-Abl is associated with induction of c-Abl/p53 complexes and p21 expression. However, cells expressing the dominant-negative c-Abl mutant and cells lacking the c-abl gene are impaired in their ability to downregulate Cdk2 or undergo G1 arrest in response to ionizing radiation. We also show that expression of c-Abl kinase in p21(-1-), but not in p53(-1-), cells results in downregulation of Cdk2. Our results suggest that c-Abl kinase contributes to the regulation of growth arrest induced by ionizing radiation by a p53-dependent, p21-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Yuan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Nimer SD, Zhang W, Kwan K, Whang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y. Adjacent, cooperative elements form a strong, constitutive enhancer in the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. Blood 1996; 87:3694-703. [PMID: 8611694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Both copies of a repeated sequence CATT(A/T), located between bp -53 and -39 in the upstream region of the human GM-CSF gene, are required for mitogen-inducible promoter activity in T lymphocytes. However, the proteins that recognize this region of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promoter, and are responsible for its transcriptional regulatory activity, have not been clearly identified. Using transient transfection assays, we demonstrate that a 19-bp oligonucleotide containing the CATT(A/T) repeats has strong constitutive enhancer activity in both T cell and non-T-cell lines, even though GM-CSF is not normally constitutively expressed by these cells. A 12-bp oligonucleotide, containing only the sequence CATTAATCATTT, lacks enhancer activity indicating that the nucleotides surrounding these sequences are critical for this enhancer activity. The sequence TTTCCT, which can bind members of the ets family of transcription factors, is located just 3' of these CATT(A/T) repeats, and mutagenesis of the CCT sequence abolishes (1) the constitutive (and mitogen inducible) enhancer activity of the 19-bp GM-CSF sequences, (2) the responsiveness to transactivation by ets-1, and (3) the ability to specifically bind ets-1 and elf-1 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). We demonstrate that although T cells contain nuclear proteins capable of independently recognizing the ets binding site and the CATT(A/T) repeats in EMSAs, both of these regulatory elements are required for enhancer function. The strong constitutive activity of this 19-bp region suggests that negative regulation of the GM-CSF promoter is critical for the restricted expression pattern of GM-CSF mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Nimer
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) major outer envelope glycoprotein complex, gp350/220, was known to be a ligand for CR2, a B-lymphocyte plasma membrane protein. By Scatchard analysis, soluble EBV gp350/220 binds with high affinity (KD, 1.2 x 10(-8) M) to approximately the same number of B-lymphocyte surface sites as do CR2-specific monoclonal antibodies. Soluble gp350, gp220, or an amino-terminal, 576-amino-acid gp220 derivative binds similarly to B-lymphocyte receptors. Soluble gp350/220, gp220, or even a 470-amino-acid, amino-terminal gp220 derivative blocks EBV adsorption or infection. These experiments demonstrate that (i) gp350/220 is the predominant or exclusive EBV ligand for B lymphocytes; (ii) ligand-receptor blockade can prevent lymphocyte infection by EBV; and (iii) the amino-terminal, 470-amino-acid domain of gp350/220 contains the key ligand domain(s). Consistent with the ligand domain(s) being in the amino-terminal half of gp220 are the findings that the gp350/220-specific, EBV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 72A1 blocks EBV adsorption by recognizing an epitope in the amino-terminal 470 (probably within the amino-terminal 162) amino acids and a deletion of amino-terminal amino acids 28 and 29 from gp350/220 inactivates ligand activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tanner
- Committee on Virology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Tanner J, Weis J, Fearon D, Whang Y, Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus gp350/220 binding to the B lymphocyte C3d receptor mediates adsorption, capping, and endocytosis. Cell 1987; 50:203-13. [PMID: 3036369 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The type 2 complement receptor, CR2, a B lymphocyte surface glycoprotein, is known to be a component of the EBV receptor. We now demonstrate that the major EBV outer membrane glycoprotein, gp350/220, is a highly specific ligand for CR2. EBV or beads coated with purified recombinant gp350/220 adsorb to normal B lymphocytes, cap with CR2, become endocytosed into vesicles, and are released into the cytoplasm. This is the first demonstration of herpesvirus glycoprotein-cell glycoprotein receptor interaction in viral adsorption and penetration. The capping of CR2 in response to virus, gp350/220-coated beads, or anti-CR2 monoclonal antibodies is associated with cocapping of surface immunoglobulin. Interaction between CR2 and surface immunoglobulin may be important in modulating the B cell activation that normally follows EBV infection or exposure to antigen.
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Lowe RS, Keller PM, Keech BJ, Davison AJ, Whang Y, Morgan AJ, Kieff E, Ellis RW. Varicella-zoster virus as a live vector for the expression of foreign genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:3896-900. [PMID: 3035557 PMCID: PMC304983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous demonstration of the efficacy and tolerability of the Oka strain of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in clinical trials involving vaccination of both normal and immunocompromised individuals has laid the foundation for its use in preventing chickenpox. In this context, VZV could be useful as a vector for vaccinating against other infectious agents as well. As an initial application, a live recombinant VZV expressing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) membrane glycoproteins (gp350/220) was generated by inserting a gene fusion of the VZV gpI promoter and hydrophobic leader-encoding sequence with the gp350/220 coding sequence into the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of VZV (Oka). Insertion of the foreign DNA into the thymidine kinase gene was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis and the ability of the recombinant virus to replicate in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine. RNA splicing, glycosylation, and plasma membrane presentation of gp350/220 in cells infected with the recombinant virus were similar to those seen in EBV-infected cells. In addition, the expression of VZV-specific glycoproteins was unaltered by the concomitant expression of this large foreign glycoprotein. Thus, VZV can be used as a live viral vector for active immunization against EBV and other pathogens.
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Whang Y, Silberklang M, Morgan A, Munshi S, Lenny AB, Ellis RW, Kieff E. Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus gp350/220 gene in rodent and primate cells. J Virol 1987; 61:1796-807. [PMID: 3033311 PMCID: PMC254182 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.61.6.1796-1807.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the Epstein-Barr virus envelope glycoproteins gp350 and gp220 was inserted downstream of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early, Moloney murine leukemia virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, or varicella-zoster virus gpI promoters in vectors containing selectable markers. Host cell and recombinant vector systems were defined which enabled the isolation of rodent or primate cell clones which expressed gp350/220 in substantial quantities. Continued expression of gp350/220 required maintenance of cells under positive selection for linked markers and periodic cloning. gp350/220 expressed in various host cells varied slightly in electrophoretic mobility, probably reflecting differences in glycosylation. Insertion of a stop codon into the gp350/220 open reading frame, upstream of the putative membrane anchor sequence, resulted in efficient secretion of truncated gp350 and gp220 from rat pituitary (GH3) cells. gp350/220 expressed in mammalian cells is highly immunogenic and elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies when administered to mice.
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