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Saha SK, Zhu Y, Murray P, Madden L. Future proofing of chondroitin sulphate production: Importance of sustainability and quality for the end-applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131577. [PMID: 38615853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphates (CSs) are the most well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in any living organism, from microorganisms to invertebrates and vertebrates (including humans), and provide several health benefits. The applications of CSs are numerous including tissue engineering, osteoarthritis treatment, antiviral, cosmetics, and skincare applications. The current commercial production of CSs mostly uses animal, bovine, porcine, and avian tissues as well as marine organisms, marine mammals, sharks, and other fish. The production process consists of tissue hydrolysis, protein removal, and purification using various methods. Mostly, these are chemical-dependent and are complex, multi-step processes. There is a developing trend for abandonment of harsh extraction chemicals and their substitution with different green-extraction technologies, however, these are still in their infancy. The quality of CSs is the first and foremost requirement for end-applications and is dependent on the extraction and purification methodologies used. The final products will show different bio-functional properties, depending on their origin and production methodology. This is a comprehensive review of the characteristics, properties, uses, sources, and extraction methods of CSs. This review emphasises the need for extraction and purification processes to be environmentally friendly and gentle, followed by product analysis and quality control to ensure the expected bioactivity of CSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Kumar Saha
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, LIFE Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Moylish Park, Limerick V94 E8YF, Ireland.
| | - Yin Zhu
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, LIFE Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Moylish Park, Limerick V94 E8YF, Ireland
| | - Patrick Murray
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, LIFE Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Moylish Park, Limerick V94 E8YF, Ireland
| | - Lena Madden
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, LIFE Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Moylish Park, Limerick V94 E8YF, Ireland
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Hao W, Xu X, Qiu G, Dong X, Zhu F, Han J, Liang L, Chen Z. Predictive modeling of methylmercury in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and species-sensitivity-distribution-based derivation of the threshold of soil mercury in karst mountain areas. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:157. [PMID: 38592345 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The bioavailable mercury (Hg) in the soil is highly active and can affect the formulation of methyl-Hg (MeHg) in soil and its accumulation in rice. Herein, we predicted the concentration of MeHg in rice using bioavailable Hg extracted from soils; additionally, we determined the threshold value of soil Hg in karst mountain areas based on species sensitivity distribution. The bioavailable Hg was extracted using calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid (HCl), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid mixture, ammonium acetate, and thioglycolic acid. Results showed that HCl is the best extractant, and the prediction model demonstrated good predictability of the MeHg concentration in rice based on the HCl-extractable Hg, pH, and soil organic matter (SOM) data. Compared with the actual MeHg concentration in rice, approximately 99% of the predicted values (n = 103) were within the 95% prediction range, indicating the good performance of the rice MeHg prediction model based on soil pH, SOM, and bioavailable Hg in karst mountain areas. Based on this MeHg prediction model, the safety threshold of soil Hg was calculated to be 0.0936 mg/kg, which is much lower than the soil pollution risk screening value of agricultural land (0.5 mg/kg), suggesting that a stricter standard should be applied regarding soil Hg in karst mountain areas. This study presents the threshold of soil Hg pollution for rice safety in karst mountain areas, and future studies should target this threshold range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Hao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Xian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jialiang Han
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Longchao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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3
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Baraud F, Leleyter L, Poree S, Lecomte T. Environmental availability of trace metals in a fired brick elaborated from a marine dredged sediment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:54914-54926. [PMID: 36881230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Each year, hundreds of millions of tons of sediments are dredged around the world. Alternatively to sea or land disposal, the reuse of these sediments as raw material in various civil engineering applications is developing. In this context, the French SEDIBRIC project (valorisation de SEDIments en BRIQues et tuiles) aims to replace, in the preparation of clay-fired bricks, a part of natural clays by harbor dredged sediments. The present study focuses on the fate of some potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) that are initially present in the sediments. A fired brick is elaborated exclusively from one dredged sediment, after a desalination step. The total content of each element of interest is evaluated by ICP-AES, after a microwave-assisted acid (aqua regia) digestion, in the raw sediment and in the brick. Then, single extractions (H2O, HCl, or EDTA as reactant) and one sequential extraction procedure (according to Leleyter and Probst, Int J Environ Anal Chem 73(2): 109-128 1999) are applied to the raw sediment and to the brick, in order to assess the environmental availability of the elements of interest. For Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, the results obtained with the various extractions procedures applied are consistent and confirm that the firing process induces their stabilization in the brick. The availability however increases for Cr and remains unchanged for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Baraud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ABTE EA 4651, Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Bât Sciences 2, 14032, Caen Cedex, France.
| | - Lydia Leleyter
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ABTE EA 4651, Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Bât Sciences 2, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Poree
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ABTE EA 4651, Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Bât Sciences 2, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Tristan Lecomte
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ABTE EA 4651, Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, Bât Sciences 2, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
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Brod E, Øgaard AF, Müller-Stöver DS, Rubæk GH. Considering inorganic P binding in bio-based products improves prediction of their P fertiliser value. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:155590. [PMID: 35490815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of the relative phosphorus (P) fertiliser value of bio-based fertiliser products is agronomically important, but previous attempts to develop prediction models have often failed due to the high chemical complexity of bio-based fertilisers and the limited number of products included in analyses. In this study, regression models for prediction were developed using independently produced data from 10 different studies on crop growth responses to P applied with bio-based fertiliser products, resulting in a dataset with 69 products. The 69 fertiliser products were organised into four sub-groups, based on the inorganic P compounds most likely to be present in each product. Within each product group, multiple regression was conducted using mineral fertiliser equivalents (MFE) as response variable and three potential explanatory variables derived from chemical analysis, all reflecting inorganic P binding in the fertiliser products: i) NaHCO3-soluble P, ii) molar ratio of calcium (Ca):P and iii) molar ratio of aluminium + iron (Al + Fe):P. The best regression model fit was achieved for sewage sludges with Al-/Fe-bound P (n = 20; R2 = 79.2%), followed by sewage sludges with Ca-bound P (n = 11; R2 = 71.1%); fertiliser products with Ca-bound P (n = 29; R2 = 58.2%); and thermally treated sewage sludge products (n = 9; R2 = 44.9%). Even though external factors influencing P fertiliser values (e.g. fertiliser shape, application form, soil characteristics) differed between the underlying studies and were not considered, the suggested prediction models provide potential for more efficient P recycling in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brod
- Bioresources and Recycling Technologies, Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne Falk Øgaard
- Bioresources and Recycling Technologies, Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Dorette Sophie Müller-Stöver
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Holton Rubæk
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Cheng J, Chen X, Tian L, Wan Q, Yu X. Comparison of Different Chemical Extraction Methods for Predicting the Bioavailability and Phytotoxicity of Soil PAEs to Green Vegetables (Brassica Rapa Var. Chinensis). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 108:1081-1087. [PMID: 35254467 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the predictive ability of four chemical extraction methods, i.e., Tenax, hydroxypropyl[β]cyclodextrin (HPCD), n-butanol and low-molecular-weight-organic-acids (LMWOA), for predicting the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of soil phthalic acid esters to the green vegetable Shanghaiqing (SHQ). Results showed that the extraction ability of different extraction methods varies significantly. For dibutyl phthalate (DBP), the extraction ability followed the order of Tenax > LMWOA > HPCD > n-butanol. For di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the order of the extraction ability was n-butanol > HPCD > Tenax > LMWOA. All the extraction methods underestimated the DBP concentration while overestimating the DEHP concentration accumulated by SHQ. The concentrations of DBP and DEHP extracted by Tenax were most related to the concentrations accumulated by SHQ and the phytotoxicity indicators of SHQ. Tenax can serve as a good chemical extractant to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of soil DBP and DEHP to SHQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Ma P, Tian T, Dai Z, Shao T, Zhang W, Liu M. Assessment of Cd bioavailability using chemical extraction methods, DGT, and biological indicators in soils with different aging times. Chemosphere 2022; 296:133931. [PMID: 35181428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Total cadmium (Cd) cannot be used to accurately assess the ecological risk of Cd pollution in soil. Currently there is no universally recognized method to evaluate Cd bioavailability in soil. In this study, chemical extraction methods, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and bioindicator methods were used to evaluate Cd bioavailability in soils with the same properties but different aging times. Results indicate that aging decreased the Cd bioavailability in soil and its toxicity to barley. This was primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of ion-exchangeable Cd. Correlation analyses were conducted on the Cd bioavailable content obtained via the soil extraction methods and the toxicity effect of barley. Results showed that the order of the minimum value of the linear regression determination coefficient (R2) of chemical extraction methods and DGT was as follows: DGT-Cd (0.7385, p < 0.05) > total Cd (0.6931, p < 0.05) > acetic acid-Cd (0.6078) > ion-exchangeable Cd (0.5933) > DTPA-Cd (0.5842) > CaCl2-Cd (0.4980) > water-soluble Cd (0.4602). The order of minimum value of R2 of biological indicators of barley was integrated biomarker response (IBR) (0.8501, p < 0.01) > length (0.6492) > dry weight (0.6320) > fresh weight (0.4980) > Cd concentration (0.4602). The root is more suitable for indicating the plant uptake and accumulation of Cd in soil. Meanwhile, the shoot can effectively evaluate the toxic effect of Cd stress on plants. DGT is more suitable to reflect Cd bioavailability to barley compared to chemical extraction methods, Furthermore, it can be used to evaluate stable polluted soil with longer aging time. In the study of the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, IBR can be used as a reliable reference index to contribute to the comprehensive evaluation of metal bioavailability in addition to considering plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ma
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhaoyi Dai
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Tingyu Shao
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingda Liu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Tran HT, Lin C, Hoang HG, Bui XT, Le VG, Vu CT. Soil washing for the remediation of dioxin-contaminated soil: A review. J Hazard Mater 2022; 421:126767. [PMID: 34396961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-contaminated soil has attracted worldwide attention due to its potential negative impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Thus, technological development aiming at high treatment efficiency and low cost for dioxin-contaminated soil is largely needed. In this review, approximately 200 documents were involved to summarize up-to-date scientific achievements of soil washing technology for the remediation of dioxin-contaminated soil. The mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of physical separation techniques (e.g. mechanical stirring, mechanical shaking, ultrasonication, and froth flotation) and washing solutions (e.g. organic solvents, edible oils, and surfactants) used for chemical extraction were comprehensively reviewed. Froth flotation is very promising for field-scale soil washing, whereas organic solvents show high removal efficiencies (up to 99%) of dioxins from contaminated soil. Further, the combination of physical separation and chemical extraction can help enhance dioxin removal efficiency (from 1.5 to 2 times), reducing energy consumption and cost (about 2 times). Among available remediation technologies for dioxin-contaminated soil, soil washing is truly promising since it has shown high removal efficiency (66-99% different remediation scales) with reasonable cost (46 - 250 USD per metric ton). However, the washed solution and volatile organic compounds generated during the process remain a concern and should be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Tuan Tran
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hong Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Finance - Accounting, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Giang Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi Thanh Vu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States
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Costa LGD, Brocco VF, Paes JB, Kirker GT, Bishell AB. Biological and chemical remediation of CCA treated eucalypt poles after 30 years in service. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131629. [PMID: 34375193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biological and chemical remediation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated Corymbia citriodora poles, removed from service after 30 years. The presence of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Twelve species of decay fungi were used for the biological remediation assay. For chemical remediation oxalic, citric, maleic and ethylenediamine tetraacetic (EDTA) acids were used for 24 and 48 h. In biological remediation, copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi, Wolfiporia cocos, Antrodia xantha and Fibroporia radiculosa, performed the best results, with the highest removals for As (59-85 %) and Cr (38-61 %). Cu was the most easily extracted, with removals above 60 % among the tested fungi, with the best results (90-98 %) for F. radiculosa, Coniophora puteana, Antrodia vaillantii and Postia placenta. In chemical remediation, the extraction time of 48 h was the most effective, and oxalic acid generally reached the highest removals. The EDTA + oxalic acid combination reached the highest value for Cu extraction (98 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Gonçalves da Costa
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Victor Fassina Brocco
- Center for Higher Studies of Itacoatiara, Amazonas State University (CESIT/UEA), Avenida Mário Andreazza, São Francisco, 69100-000, Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Juarez Benigno Paes
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Grant T Kirker
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726-2398, USA.
| | - Amy B Bishell
- USDA-FS Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726-2398, USA.
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Petitjean Q, Choulet F, Walter-Simonnet AV, Mariet AL, Laurent H, Rosenthal P, de Vaufleury A, Gimbert F. Origin, fate and ecotoxicity of manganese from legacy metallurgical wastes. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130337. [PMID: 33780672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of history, mining and metallurgical activities have influenced the socioeconomic development of human populations. However, these past and current activities can also lead to substantial environmental contamination by various metals. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach (incorporating archaeology, mineralogy, environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology) to investigate the origin, fate and potential ecotoxicity of anomalous manganese (Mn) concentrations detected in the ancient mining district of Berthelange (medieval period, eastern France). Mineralogical investigations of slag samples showed that smelting temperature conditions in medieval bloomeries led to the production of slags mainly composed of Fe- and Mn-rich olivine, i.e., fayalites. Further mineralogical analyses of bulk soil and clay fractions allowed us to identify the presence of serpentine. This evidence of olivine weathering can account for the release of Mn from slags into the soil. In addition, chemical analyses of total and available (exchangeable and reducible) Mn concentrations in soil samples clearly showed the contribution of slags deposited 1000 years ago to soil contamination. A complementary ecotoxicity bioassay performed on soils from a slag heap using the land snail Cantareus aspersus confirmed that a significant fraction of the Mn detected in soils remains available for partitioning with the soil solution and transfer to soil organisms. Although no growth inhibition of snails was observed after 28 days of exposure, the animals accumulated quite elevated Mn concentrations in their tissues. Our study emphasizes the environmental availability and bioavailability of Mn from ancient metallurgical wastes to soil-dwelling invertebrates, i.e., snails, even one millennium after their deposition. Hence, as for more recent industrial sites, past mining ecosystems must be a cause of concern for the scientific community and public authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Petitjean
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement Ecolab UMR 5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique EDB UMR5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavien Choulet
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | | | - Anne-Lise Mariet
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Laurent
- DRAC Bourgogne-Franche-Comté - Site de Besançon, 7 Rue Charles Nodier, 25043, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Rosenthal
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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Zhou F, Li Y, Ma Y, Peng Q, Cui Z, Liu Y, Wang M, Zhai H, Zhang N, Liang D. Selenium bioaccessibility in native seleniferous soil and associated plants: Comparison between in vitro assays and chemical extraction methods. Sci Total Environ 2021; 762:143119. [PMID: 33158520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) bioaccessibility in soil and crops from seleniferous areas is closely relevant to Se intake risks of local residents. The current in vitro digestion methods used for Se bioaccessibility evaluation are single and inconsistent, and most of them are only for food and neglect soil. In this study, 14 Se-contaminated soils and their corresponding crops in Naore Village (seleniferous area) were used as the research objects. Four in vitro digestion assays, including Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium method (SBRC), physiologically-based extraction test (PBET), in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG), and Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM) were used to determine the bioaccessible Se concentration in soil and edible parts of crops. Results showed that the Se in natural seleniferous soil mainly existed in relatively stable forms, i.e., residual and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Se (average of 80%). Only 10.6% of the total Se was distributed in water-soluble and exchangeable Se fractions. The Se content in crops was significantly positively correlated with the organic-bound and phosphate-extractable Se contents in the corresponding soil (p < 0.05). The organic-bound Se was clearly a potentially bioavailable Se source in soil. The Se bioaccessibility in soil and crops measured using the four in vitro methods in gastric/intestinal digestions were in the same order, which was PBET > UBM > SBRC > IVG. Similar to the absorption and utilization of soil Se fractions by crops, the water-soluble, organic-bound and exchangeable Se in soil were the main contributors of bioaccessible Se in the digestive juices in various in vitro methods. Furthermore, the bioaccessible Se in crops and soil measured via PBET method demonstrated the most significant correlation between the total Se in crops and the phosphate-extractable Se in soil. Therefore, the PBET method was the optimum in vitro method for the evaluation of Se bioaccessibility in crops and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanzhe Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Zewei Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Nanchun Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Bendourou FE, Suresh G, Laadila MA, Kumar P, Rouissi T, Dhillon GS, Zied K, Brar SK, Galvez R. Feasibility of the use of different types of enzymatically treated cellulosic fibres for polylactic acid (PLA) recycling. Waste Manag 2021; 121:237-247. [PMID: 33385952 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential use of cellulosic microfibers (CMFs) extracted from hemp fiber (HF) and pulp and paper solid waste (mixed sludge (MS), deinked sludge (DS)) as a reinforcing agent in novel bio composite materials produced from recycled Polylactic acid (rPLA) was investigated. CMFs were extracted and treated using physicochemical method followed by enzymatic treatment with laccase and cellulase. The effects of CMFs concentrations (1.5, 3 and 6% w/w) and fiber size (75 μm-1.7 mm) on the mechanical properties (impact and tensile) and biodegradability of the biocomposite samples were investigated. A modified interfacial adhesion between rPLA matrix and the three fibers used, was clearly observed through mechanical tests due to alkali and enzymatic treatments. The use of different types of enzymatically treated cellulosic fibers for polylactic acid (PLA) recycling was assessed by Scaning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The combined physicochemical and enzymatic treatments led to a considerable size reduction of the cellulosic fibers (HF, MS and DS) resulting in the enhanced interfacial adhesion between rPLA matrix and fibers. The biocomposite obtained with rPLA with HF gave the most favorable values for Young's modulus (324.53 ± 3.10 MPa, p-value 0.03), impact strength (27.61 ± 2.94 kJ/m2, p-value 0.01) and biodegradation rate (1.97%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- INRS-ETE, 490, de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Amine Laadila
- INRS-ETE, 490, de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, Canada; Laval university Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V0A6; Investissement Québec-CRIQ,333 Rue Franquet,Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada
| | - Pratik Kumar
- INRS-ETE, 490, de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, 490, de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, Canada
| | - Gurpreet S Dhillon
- INRS-ETE, 490, de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, Canada; Dept. Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khiari Zied
- Center for Applied Research and Innovation, Lethbridge College, Alberta T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Satinder K Brar
- INRS-ETE, 490, de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Rosa Galvez
- Département de Genie Civil, Université Laval, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
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12
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陈 国, 崔 磊, 陈 鹏, 李 伟, 尤 田, 王 琛, 江 长, 刘 岗. [Experimental study on reconstruction of anterior labrum of shoulder joint by chemical extraction of allogeneic tendon and allogeneic chondrocytes]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 34:1184-1189. [PMID: 32929914 PMCID: PMC8171730 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201911156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of chemical extraction of allogeneic tendon and allogeneic chondrocytes for reconstruction of anterior labrum of shoulder joint in rabbits. METHODS The body weight of 45 adult New Zealand white rabbits ranged from 2.5 to 3.0 kg. The Achilles tendons of 15 rabbits were taken and the allogeneic tendons were prepared by chemical extraction with antigen inactivation. The extracted tendons were compared with untreated tendons by HE and Masson stainings. Chondrocytes were isolated and cultured by trypsin method and identified by immunohistochemical staining of collagen type Ⅱ. The remaining 30 rabbits were used to prepare the model of anterior labrum defect of shoulder joint. After the allogeneic tendon was transplanted to the damaged labrum, the rabbits was randomly divided into two groups (15 in each group). In group A, the allogeneic chondrocytes were injected into the joint immediately after transplantation, while in group B, no treatment was made. At 4, 6, and 8 weeks after operation, 5 transplanted tendons of each group were taken. After general observation, HE staining was used to observe the number of nuclei, Masson staining was used to observe the expression of collagen fibers in muscle fiber tissues, and AB staining was used to detect the glycosaminoglycan level after transplantation, to evaluate the cell growth in the tissues of the two groups of allogeneic tendon. RESULTS By HE and Masson stainings, the allogeneic tendon antigen prepared by chemical extraction method was inactivated and the fibrous tissue structure was intact; collagen type Ⅱ immunohisto-chemistry staining showed that the cultured cells were chondrocytes. After tendon transplantation, the content of glycosaminoglycan in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P<0.05). At 6 weeks after operation, HE staining showed that the nuclear in tendon tissue of group A was significantly more than that of group B ( t=20.043, P=0.000). Masson staining showed that the number of nuclei in tendon tissue of group A was significantly increased, the muscle fibers and collagen fibers were interlaced, the tissue structure was more compact, and the tendon tissue was mainly blue stained; while the number of nuclei in group B was less, mainly collagen fibers of the original graft. CONCLUSION The allogeneic tendon inactivated by chemical extraction can be used to reconstruct the defect of anterior labrum of shoulder joint in rabbits, and the combination of allogeneic chondrocytes can promote the healing of tendon transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 国飞 陈
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 磊 崔
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 鹏 陈
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 伟 李
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 田 尤
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 琛 王
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 长青 江
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
| | - 岗 刘
- 中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)创伤骨关节科(广东深圳 518000)Department of Traumatic Osteoarthritis, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P.R.China
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Vogel C, Hoffmann MC, Krüger O, Murzin V, Caliebe W, Adam C. Chromium (VI) in phosphorus fertilizers determined with the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:24320-24328. [PMID: 32306248 PMCID: PMC7326810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) fertilizers from secondary resources became increasingly important in the last years. However, these novel P-fertilizers can also contain toxic pollutants such as chromium in its hexavalent state (Cr(VI)). This hazardous form of chromium is therefore regulated with low limit values for agricultural products even though the correct determination of Cr(VI) in these fertilizers may be hampered by redox processes, leading to false results. Thus, we applied the novel diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique for Cr(VI) in fertilizers and compared the results with the standard wet chemical extraction method (German norm DIN EN 15192) and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We determined an overall good correlation between the wet chemical extraction and the DGT method. DGT was very sensitive and for most tested materials selective for the analysis of Cr(VI) in P-fertilizers. However, hardly soluble Cr(VI) compounds cannot be detected with the DGT method since only mobile Cr(VI) is analyzed. Furthermore, Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy showed that the DGT binding layer also adsorbs small amounts of mobile Cr(III) so that Cr(VI) values are overestimated. Since certain types of the P-fertilizers contain mobile Cr(III) or partly immobile Cr(VI), it is necessary to optimize the DGT binding layers to avoid aforementioned over- or underestimation. Furthermore, our investigations showed that the Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy technique is unsuitable to determine small amounts of Cr(VI) in fertilizers (below approx. 1% of Cr(VI) in relation to total Cr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie C Hoffmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Krüger
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22603, Hamburg, Germany
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Christian Adam
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Vink JPM, Comans RNJ, Dijkstra JJ, Lamers LPM. Soils in lakes: the impact of inundation and storage on surface water quality. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:339. [PMID: 32383025 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale storage and inundation of contaminated soils and sediments in deep waterlogged former sand pits or in lakes have become a fairly common practice in recent years. Decreasing water depth potentially promotes aquatic biodiversity, but it also poses a risk to water quality as was shown in a previous study on the impact on groundwater. To provide in the urgent need for practical and robust risk indicators for the storage of terrestrial soils in surface waters, the redistribution of metals and nutrients was studied in long-term mesocosm experiments. For a range of surface water turbidity (suspended matter concentrations ranging from 0 to 3000 mg/L), both chemical partitioning and toxicity of pollutants were tested for five distinctly different soils. Increasing turbidity in surface water showed only marginal response on concentrations of heavy metals, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Toxicity testing with bioluminescent bacteria, and biotic ligand modelling (BLM), indicated no or only minor risk of metals in the aerobic surface water during aerobic mixing under turbid conditions. Subsequent sedimentation of the suspended matter revealed the chemical speciation and transport of heavy metals and nutrients over the aerobic and anaerobic interface. Although negative fluxes occur for Cd and Cu, most soils show release of pollutants from sediment to surface waters. Large differences in fluxes occur for PO4, SO4, B, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn and Mo between soils. For an indicator of aerobic chemical availability, dilute nitric acid extraction (0.43 M HNO3; Aqua nitrosa) performed better than the conventional Aqua regia destruction. Both the equilibrium concentrations in surface waters, and fluxes from sediment, were adequately (r2 = 0.81) estimated by a 1 mM CaCl2 soil extraction procedure. This study has shown that the combination of 0.43 M HNO3 and 1 mM CaCl2 extraction procedures can be used to adequately estimate emissions from sediment to surface waters, and assess potential water quality changes, when former sand pits are being filled with soil materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos P M Vink
- Deltares, Unit Soil and Subsurface Systems, PO Box 85467, 3508 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob N J Comans
- Department Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J Dijkstra
- TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, PO Box 80015, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Department Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Yang Y, Ge Y, Tu P, Zeng H, Zhou X, Zou D, Wang K, Zeng Q. Phytoextraction of Cd from a contaminated soil by tobacco and safe use of its metal-enriched biomass. J Hazard Mater 2019; 363:385-393. [PMID: 30321843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Successful phytoextraction produces a large quantity of contaminated biomass, which will cause secondary pollution unless properly treated. This study investigated the disposal of contaminated tobacco biomass after phytoextraction. We detected significantly high Cadmium concentrations in tobacco, especially in their stems and leaves. From the latter, nearly all the Cd and nicotine were removed by extractions with 0.5% HCl + 70% ethanol, and the nicotine completely recovered via steam distillation, whereas the protein content remained unaffected in the leaves, thus making them safe for use as animal feed. The highest biochar yield was 47%, obtained after slow pyrolysis at 300 °C. In this case, the biochar contained the highest amount of nutrients and metals. From stem biochar, 87% of Cd and a large amount K along with several other elements were extracted by deionized water at pH 1. After acid-extraction, metals were formed precipitation and then separated from the K-enriched solution when the pH was adjusted to 11 by using drops of 40% KOH. Therefore, with improved technology to remove metals and recover nutrients and nicotine from biomass, tobacco is an ideal candidate as profit yielding crop for use in phytoextraction while also providing renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Huanjiang, 547100, China
| | - Yichen Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongyuan Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Huanjiang, 547100, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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16
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Fu H, Zhang H, Sui Y, Hu N, Ding D, Ye Y, Li G, Wang Y, Dai Z. Transformation of uranium species in soil during redox oscillations. Chemosphere 2018; 208:846-853. [PMID: 30068027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox oscillation is commonly found in near-surface environment, where soils are often polluted with many redox active contaminants, including uranium (U). In order to investigate the transformation of U species in near-surface soil under redox oscillations conditions, redox oscillations and reduction experiments were performed, biogeochemical parameters and native microbial community composition were monitored, main elements on the surface of solid-phase were analyzed by XPS, and labile U(IV) species and stable U(IV) species in solid-phase were provisionally defined using an anoxic 1 M sodium bicarbonate extraction. It was found that redox oscillations slightly increased the water-soluble U but significantly increased the stable U(IV) species (P < 0.05) in soil. In reduction experiment, there was upper limit value for percentage of stable U(IV) species, and the labile U(IV) species could not transform to stable U(IV) species in a short period of time under reduction conditions. The redox transition of Fe enriched on the surface of soil and the conversion of microbial community composition played a major role in speciation transformation of U under redox oscillations conditions. In addition, sequential extraction revealed that the increase of stable U(IV) species content reflected the U speciation transition from acetate extract to more recalcitrant hydroxylamine extract. The finding provides a potential method for improving the stability of U when bio-reduction is used to remediate the U-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Fu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Taohuajiang Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Yiyang, 413000, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yongjun Ye
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; School of Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhongran Dai
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Chen P, Jiang C, Shen L, Zhang W, Zhu L. Optimal number of chemical extraction treatments for maintaining the biological properties of an allogeneic tendon. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:629-636. [PMID: 30062596 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the biological effects of the amount of chemical extraction treatments performed on an allogeneic tendon through histomorphology, biological mechanics testing, and an immunogenicity assay. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits (body weight 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into four groups: group A (chemical extraction once), group B (chemical extraction twice), group C (chemical extraction three times), and group D (blank control group), with four rabbits in each group. The Achilles tendons of each rabbit were separated and subjected to a chemical extraction process with Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, electron microscopy observation, biomechanical testing, and mixed lymphocyte culture. There were no significant differences in the surface color and fiber bundles between groups A and B and the blank control group, whereas group C showed clear differences from the blank control group with a rough surface, loose fibers, and poor tension. There were no significant differences in the biomechanics among the four groups. The four groups showed significant differences in the lymphocyte conversion ratio, with reduced rates of lymphocyte conversion along with increasing treatment numbers. Two chemical extractions of the tendon allowed for retaining most of the integrity of the original tendon fiber while removing immunogenicity with good biological properties. These findings lay a foundation for application of this method to human tendons so as to provide a good tissue source for tendon transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Shen
- Pingshan Women and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Chen SC, Lin WH, Chien CC, Tsang DCW, Kao CM. Development of a two-stage biotransformation system for mercury-contaminated soil remediation. Chemosphere 2018; 200:266-273. [PMID: 29494907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of bacterial volatilization can be problematic to remediate mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils because most of the Hg in soils is bound to soil particles. The objective of this study was to develop a two-stage system (chemical extraction followed by microbial reduction) for Hg-contaminated soil remediation. The tasks were to (1) select the extraction reagents for Hg extraction, (2) assess the effects of extraction reagents on the growth of Hg-reducing bacterial strains, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of Ca2+ and Mg2+ addition on merA gene (Hg reductase) induction. Bacterial inhibition was observed with the addition of 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or citric acid. Up to 65% of Hg was biotransformed (Hg concentration = 69 mg/kg) from the soils after a 24 h extraction using 0.5 M ammonium thiosulfate. Ca2+ and Mg2+ were selected because they have the same electric charge as Hg and the studied groundwater contained high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Results showed that the addition of 200 mg/L Ca2+ or 650 mg/L Mg2+ could reach effective merA induction. In the two-stage experiment, 120 mg/kg Hg-contaminated soils were extracted with 2 rounds of extraction processes for 10 h using 0.5 M ammonium thiosulfate. Approximately 77% of Hg was extracted from the soils after the first-step extraction process. Up to 81% of Hg2+ was transformed from the washing solution via the biotransformation processes with Enterobacter cloacae addition and Ca2+ and Mg2+ supplementation. The two-stage remedial system has the potential to be developed into a practical technology to remediate Hg-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - W H Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C C Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - D C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engr., Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lin Y, Liu Q, Meng F, Lin Y, Du Y. Integrated toxicity evaluation of metals in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay (China): Based on biomarkers responses in clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to sediment extracts. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 131:180-190. [PMID: 29886935 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the integrated toxicity of metals in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, we exposed clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) to sediments extracts obtained using of sediment extraction with deionised water adjusted to pH 4 which simulated the weak acidity in the digestive juice of clams and tested the selected biomarkers responses in clams for exposure over 15 days. At the same time, the contents of metals in sediments were assessed with method of the mean sediment quality guideline quotient (SQG-Q). The integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) was used to assess the integrated toxicity induced by metals in sediment extracts based on biomarkers response in clams: the results demonstrated that site S7 located in the mouth of Nanxin'an River show higher IBRv2 values compared to the other sites. The IBRv2 values exhibited the good consistency with SQG-Q values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Risk Management Department, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Qunqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Yichen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Rizhao Environmental Protection Bureau, Rizhao 276800, PR China
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20
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Hara J, Norota S, Kawebe Y, Sugita H, Zhang M. Characteristics of arsenic in humic substances extracted from natural organic sediments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:15680-15691. [PMID: 29574644 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The stability and dispersion of naturally occurring As have been receiving increasing attention, because As is toxic and its contamination is a widespread problem in many countries. This study investigated As fractionation and speciation in organic sediments collected from different depositional settings to elucidate the existence of stable As in humic substances. Eleven organic sediment samples were collected from marine and terrestrial alluvial regions in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, and the chemical fraction of As and species of humic substances were identified by sequential extraction. In addition, stable As bound in organic matter was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. The As fraction mainly comprised inorganic substances, especially sulfur, iron, and manganese, and terrestrial sediments (lacustrine and inland deposits) were rich in sulfides and Fe and Al (hydr)oxides. When the residual fraction was excluded, the organic fraction of As was higher in seawater sediments than in terrestrial sediments. Among humic substances, cellulose, humic acid, and hydrophilic fulvic acid were clearly associated with As accumulation, and As speciation showed that the As was of organic origin. Cellulose, an organic compound of plant origin, was abundant in As=S and As (III)=O bonds, and As accumulation was higher in sulfur-rich peat sediments, corresponding with the physiological activities of As in plants. Hydrophilic fulvic acid and humic acid in these sediments, originating from small animals and microorganisms in addition to plants, denote higher As contents and abound in As (III, V)=C and C-H, CH3 bonds even in sulfur-rich sediments. The methylated As bonds reflect the ecological transition of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Hara
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan.
| | - Susumu Norota
- Geological Survey of Hokkaido, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19 Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Kawebe
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugita
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Ming Zhang
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
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21
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Li JS, Chen Z, Wang QM, Fang L, Xue Q, Cheeseman CR, Donatello S, Liu L, Poon CS. Change in re-use value of incinerated sewage sludge ash due to chemical extraction of phosphorus. Waste Manag 2018; 74:404-412. [PMID: 29311013 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential of six different extractants to recover phosphorus (P) from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) was evaluated. Secondary effects such as the co-dissolution of Zn and Cu were also considered. The residual ISSA from each study was assessed in particular detail, focusing on the leachability of remaining Zn and Cu, major element composition, crystalline phases and overall degree of crystallinity and particle size distribution. The residual ISSA was also evaluated as a pozzolanic material using a Strength Activity Index (SAI) test with mortars containing Portland cement with a 20% substitution by ISSA. All results were compared to tests with untreated ISSA. Overall, the use of 3 of the 6 extractants could be ruled out due to poor P recovery potential and/or a serious compromise of the potential reuse of residual ISSA in Portland cement-based materials. The results highlight the added value of considering the potential reuse of residual ISSA when trying to optimize P recovery from ISSA by wet methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Shan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - C R Cheeseman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane Donatello
- Cements and Materials Recycling Department, Eduardo Torroja Institute of Construction Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), c/ Serrano Galvache, 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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22
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Jani Y, Hogland W. Chemical extraction of trace elements from hazardous fine fraction at an old glasswork dump. Chemosphere 2018; 195:825-830. [PMID: 29289910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Old glassworks sites have been always associated with contamination by different trace elements like Pb, Cd, As, Zn and others. The mixture of soil and waste glass of particle sizes <2 mm at one of the oldest Swedish glassworks (the Pukeberg) was studied by analyzing the trace elements content, organic content (3.6%) and pH (7.4). The results showed hazardous concentrations of Pb (1525 mg/kg), Ba (1312 mg/kg), Sb (128 mg/kg), Cd (36 mg/kg), As (118 mg/kg), Zn (1154 mg/kg) and Co (263 mg/kg) exceeded the Swedish guidelines of contaminated soil. Batch chemical extraction by the chelating agents EDTA, DTPA and the biodegradable NTA were performed to study the effect of chelating agent concentration and mixing time on the extraction efficiencies by following a Box-Wilson design of experiments. The results displayed good extraction efficiencies (less than 41%) of Pb, Cd, As and Zn by the EDTA, DTPA and NTA, which seemed depends on the type of chelator. In addition, high correlation between the extraction efficiencies, the chelators concentration and mixing time was found based on the statistical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Jani
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - William Hogland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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23
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Fang L, Li JS, Guo MZ, Cheeseman CR, Tsang DCW, Donatello S, Poon CS. Phosphorus recovery and leaching of trace elements from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA). Chemosphere 2018; 193:278-287. [PMID: 29145088 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical extraction of phosphorus (P) from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) is adversely influenced by co-dissolution of metals and metalloids. This study investigated P recovery and leaching of Zn, Cu, Pb, As and Ni from ISSA using inorganic acids (sulphuric acid and nitric acid), organic acids (oxalic acid and citric acid), and chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP)). The aim of this study was to optimize a leaching process to recover P-leachate with high purity for P fertilizer production. The results show that both organic and inorganic acids extract P-containing phases but organic acids leach more trace elements, particularly Cu, Zn, Pb and As. Sulphuric acid was the most efficient for P recovery and achieved 94% of total extraction under the optimal conditions, which were 2-h reaction with 0.2 mol/L H2SO4 at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20:1. EDTA extracted only 20% of the available P, but the leachates were contaminated with high levels of trace elements under optimum conditions (3-h reaction with EDTA at 0.02 mol/L, pH 2, and liquid-to-solid ratio of 20:1). Therefore, EDTA was considered an appropriate pre-treatment agent for reducing the total metal/metalloid content in ISSA, which produced negligible changes in the structure of ISSA and reduced contamination during subsequent P extraction using sulphuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiang-Shan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Zhi Guo
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - C R Cheeseman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shane Donatello
- Brussels Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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24
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Li JS, Tsang DCW, Wang QM, Fang L, Xue Q, Poon CS. Fate of metals before and after chemical extraction of incinerated sewage sludge ash. Chemosphere 2017; 186:350-359. [PMID: 28800536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical extraction of incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) can effectively recycle P, but it may change the speciation and mobility of the remaining metals. This study investigated the changes of the leaching potential and distribution of metals in the chemically extracted ISSA. Batch extraction experiments with different extractants, including inorganic acids, organic acids, and chelating agents, were conducted on the ISSA collected from a local sewage sludge incinerator. The extraction of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Ba, Cr and As from the ISSA and the corresponding changes of the mobility and speciation were examined. The results showed that the metals in ISSA were naturally stable because large portions of metals were associated with the residual fraction. The inorganic (HNO3 and H2SO4) and organic acids (citric acid and oxalic acid) significantly co-dissolved the metals through acid dissolution, but the reduction in the total concentrations did not tally the leaching potential of the residual metals. The increase in the exchangeable fraction due to destabilization by the extractants significantly enhanced the mobility and leachability of the metals in the residual ISSA. Chelating agents (EDTA and EDTMP) only extracted a small quantity of metals and had a marginal effect on the fate of the residual metals, but they significantly reduced the Fe/Mn oxide-bound fraction. In comparison, the bioaccessibility of residual metals were reduced to varying extent. Therefore, the disposal or reuse of chemically extracted ISSA should be carefully evaluated in view of possible increase in mobility of residual metals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Shan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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25
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Zhang W, Yang J, Li Z, Zhou D, Dang F. Assessment of the availability of As and Pb in soils after in situ stabilization. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:23153-23160. [PMID: 28828585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The in situ stabilization has been widely used to remediate metal-contaminated soil. However, the long-term retaining performance of heavy metals and the associated risk after in situ stabilization remains unclear and has evoked amounting concerns. Here, Pb- or As-contaminated soil was stabilized by a commercial amendment. The availability of Pb and As after in situ stabilization were estimated by ten different in vitro chemical extractions and DGT technique. After amendment application, a significant decline in extractable Pb or As was observed in treatments of Milli-Q water, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.1 M NaNO3, 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4, and 0.43 M HOAc. Potential available metal(loid)s determined by DGT also showed remarkable reduction. Meanwhile, the results of in vivo uptake assays demonstrated that Pb concentrations in shoots of ryegrass Lolium perenne L. declined to 12% of the control samples, comparable to the extraction ratio of 0.1 M NaNO3 (15.8%) and 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4 (17.3%). For As-contaminated soil, 0.43 M HOAC provided a better estimation of relative phytoavailability (64.6 vs. 65.4% in ryegrass) compared to other extraction methods. We propose that 0.1 M NaNO3 or 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4 for Pb and 0.43 M HOAc for As may serve as surrogate measures to estimate the lability of metal(loid)s after soil remediation of the tested contaminated soils. Further studies over a wider range of soil types and amendments are necessary to validate extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Institute of Wastes and Soil Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, No. 508 Qinzhou Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Institute of Wastes and Soil Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, No. 508 Qinzhou Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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26
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Viala Y, Laurette J, Denaix L, Gourdain E, Méléard B, Nguyen C, Schneider A, Sappin-Didier V. Predictive statistical modelling of cadmium content in durum wheat grain based on soil parameters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:20641-20654. [PMID: 28712083 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory limits on cadmium (Cd) content in food products are tending to become stricter, especially in cereals, which are a major contributor to dietary intake of Cd by humans. This is of particular importance for durum wheat, which accumulates more Cd than bread wheat. The contamination of durum wheat grain by Cd depends not only on the genotype but also to a large extent on soil Cd availability. Assessing the phytoavailability of Cd for durum wheat is thus crucial, and appropriate methods are required. For this purpose, we propose a statistical model to predict Cd accumulation in durum wheat grain based on soil geochemical properties related to Cd availability in French agricultural soils with low Cd contents and neutral to alkaline pH (soils commonly used to grow durum wheat). The best model is based on the concentration of total Cd in the soil solution, the pH of a soil CaCl2 extract, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the content of manganese oxides (Tamm's extraction) in the soil. The model variables suggest a major influence of cadmium buffering power of the soil and of Cd speciation in solution. The model successfully explains 88% of Cd variability in grains with, generally, below 0.02 mg Cd kg-1 prediction error in wheat grain. Monte Carlo cross-validation indicated that model accuracy will suffice for the European Community project to reduce the regulatory limit from 0.2 to 0.15 mg Cd kg-1 grain, but not for the intermediate step at 0.175 mg Cd kg-1. The model will help farmers assess the risk that the Cd content of their durum wheat grain will exceed regulatory limits, and help food safety authorities test different regulatory thresholds to find a trade-off between food safety and the negative impact a too strict regulation could have on farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Viala
- ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Julien Laurette
- ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laurence Denaix
- ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gourdain
- ARVALIS-Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, 91720, Boigneville, France
| | - Benoit Méléard
- ARVALIS-Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, 91720, Boigneville, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - André Schneider
- ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Yoo JC, Lee C, Lee JS, Baek K. Simultaneous application of chemical oxidation and extraction processes is effective at remediating soil Co-contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals. J Environ Manage 2017; 186:314-319. [PMID: 27017307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical extraction and oxidation processes to clean up heavy metals and hydrocarbon from soil have a higher remediation efficiency and take less time than other remediation processes. In batch extraction/oxidation process, 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) could remove approximately 70% of the petroleum and 60% of the Cu and Pb in the soil, respectively. In particular, petroleum was effectively oxidized by H2O2 without addition of any catalysts through dissolution of Fe oxides in natural soils. Furthermore, heavy metals bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides could be extracted by metal-EDTA as well as Fe-EDTA complexation due to the high affinity of EDTA for metals. However, the strong binding of Fe-EDTA inhibited the oxidation of petroleum in the extraction-oxidation sequential process because Fe was removed during the extraction process with EDTA. The oxidation-extraction sequential process did not significantly enhance the extraction of heavy metals from soil, because a small portion of heavy metals remained bound to organic matter. Overall, simultaneous application of oxidation and extraction processes resulted in highly efficient removal of both contaminants; this approach can be used to remove co-contaminants from soil in a short amount of time at a reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chadol Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeung-Sun Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Soil & Groundwater, Korea Environment Corporation, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Goulas A, Haudin CS, Bergheaud V, Dumény V, Ferhi S, Nélieu S, Bourdat-Deschamps M, Benoit P. A new extraction method to assess the environmental availability of ciprofloxacin in agricultural soils amended with exogenous organic matter. Chemosphere 2016; 165:460-469. [PMID: 27677122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can be found in soils receiving exogenous organic matter (EOM). Their long-term behavior in EOM-amended soils and their level of biodegradability are not well understood partly due to a lack of methods to estimate their environmental availability. We performed different aqueous extractions to quantify the available fraction of 14C-ciprofloxacin in soils amended with a compost of sewage sludge and green wastes or a farmyard manure contaminated at relevant environmental concentrations. After minimizing 14C-ciprofloxacin losses by adsorption on laboratory vessel tubes, three out of eleven different aqueous solutions were selected, i.e., Borax, Na2EDTA and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. During 28 d of incubation, the non-extractable fractions were very high in all samples, i.e., 57-67% of the initial 14C-activity, and the availability of the antibiotic was very low, explaining its low biodegradation. A maximum of 6.3% of the initial 14C-activity was extracted from soil/compost mixtures with the Na2EDTA solution, and 7.2% from soil/manure mixtures with the Borax solution. The available fraction level was stable over the incubation in soil/compost mixtures but slightly varied in soil/manure mixtures following the organic matter decomposition. The choice of different soft extractants highlighted different sorption mechanisms controlling the environmental availability of ciprofloxacin, where the pH and the quality of the applied EOM appeared to be determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Goulas
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Claire-Sophie Haudin
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Valérie Bergheaud
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Valérie Dumény
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sabrina Ferhi
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Pierre Benoit
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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29
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Huang R, Tang Y. Evolution of phosphorus complexation and mineralogy during (hydro)thermal treatments of activated and anaerobically digested sludge: Insights from sequential extraction and P K-edge XANES. Water Res 2016; 100:439-447. [PMID: 27232988 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
(Hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludge is a promising option that can simultaneously target safe waste disposal, energy recovery, and nutrient recovery/recycling. The speciation of phosphorus (P) in sludge is of great relevance to P reclamation/recycling and soil application of sludge-derived products, thus it is critical to understand the effects of different treatment techniques and conditions on P speciation. This study systematically characterized P speciation (i.e. complexation and mineral forms) in chars derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal sewage sludges. Combined sequential extraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analysis revealed the dependence of P transformation on treatment conditions and metal composition in the feedstocks. Pyrolysis of sludges decreased the relative abundance of phytic acid while increased the abundance of Al-associated P. HTC thoroughly homogenized and exposed P for interaction with various metals/minerals, with the final P speciation closely related to the composition/speciation of metals and their affinities to P. Results from this study revealed the mechanisms of P transformation during (hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludges, and might be applicable to other biosolids. It also provided fundamental knowledge basis for the design and selection of waste management strategies for better P (re)cycling and reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30324-0340, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30324-0340, USA.
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30
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Shu R, Dang F, Zhong H. Effects of incorporating differently-treated rice straw on phytoavailability of methylmercury in soil. Chemosphere 2016; 145:457-463. [PMID: 26694796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Differently-treated crops straw is being widely used to fertilize soil, while the potential impacts of straw amendment on the biogeochemistry and phytoavailability of mercury in contaminated soils are largely unknown. In the present study, differently-treated rice straw (dry straw, composted straw, straw biochar, and straw ash) was incorporated into mercury-contaminated soil at an environment relevant level (1/100, w/w), and mercury speciation, methylmercury (MeHg) phytoavailability (using ammonium thiosulfate extraction method, validated elsewhere) and bioaccumulation (in Indian mustard Brassica junceas) were quantified. Our results indicated that incorporating straw biochar or composted straw into soil would decrease phytoavailable MeHg levels, possibly due to the strong binding of MeHg with particulate organic matter in amended straw ('MeHg immobilization effect'). Consequently, MeHg accumulation in aboveground tissue of Indian mustard harvested from straw biochar-amended soil decreased by 20% compared to the control. Differently, incorporation of dry straw resulted in elevated MeHg levels in soil ('Mercury methylation effect'). Decomposition of amended dry straw in soil would evidently increase DOC levels (averagely 40%-195% higher than the control), which may subsequently mobilize MeHg in the soil ('MeHg mobilization effect'). Accordingly, incorporation of dry straw led to increased phytoavailable MeHg levels in the soil and doubled MeHg accumulation in Indian mustard. Our results provided the first evidence that incorporating differently-treated rice straw into soil could have diverse effects on mercury biogeochemistry and phytoavailability, which should be taken into account in risk assessment or soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shu
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan Zhong
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Chavez E, He ZL, Stoffella PJ, Mylavarapu RS, Li YC, Moyano B, Baligar VC. Concentration of cadmium in cacao beans and its relationship with soil cadmium in southern Ecuador. Sci Total Environ 2015; 533:205-14. [PMID: 26172587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) content in cacao beans above a critical level (0.6 mg kg(-1)) has raised concerns in the consumption of cacao-based chocolate. Little is available regarding Cd concentration in soil and cacao in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to determine the status of Cd in both, soils and cacao plants, in southern Ecuador. Soil samples were collected from 19 farms at 0-5, 5-15, 15-30, and 30-50 cm depths, whereas plant samples were taken from four nearby trees. Total recoverable and extractable Cd were measured at the different soil depths. Total recoverable Cd ranged from 0.88 to 2.45 and 0.06 to 2.59, averaged 1.54 and 0.85 mg kg(-1), respectively in the surface and subsurface soils whereas the corresponding values for M3-extractable Cd were 0.08 to 1.27 and 0.02 to 0.33 with mean values of 0.40 and 0.10 mg kg(-1). Surface soil in all sampling sites had total recoverable Cd above the USEPA critical level for agricultural soils (0.43 mg kg(-1)), indicating that Cd pollution occurs. Since both total recoverable and M3-extractable Cd significantly decreased depth wise, anthropogenic activities are more likely the source of contamination. Cadmium in cacao tissues decreased in the order of beans>shell>>leaves. Cadmium content in cacao beans ranged from 0.02 to 3.00, averaged 0.94 mg kg(-1), and 12 out of 19 sites had bean Cd content above the critical level. Bean Cd concentration was highly correlated with M3- or HCl-extractable Cd at both the 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths (r=0.80 and 0.82 for M3, and r=0.78 and 0.82 for HCl; P<0.01). These results indicate that accumulation of Cd in surface layers results in excessive Cd in cacao beans and M3- or HCl-extractable Cd are suitable methods for predicting available Cd in the studied soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chavez
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Z L He
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - P J Stoffella
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - R S Mylavarapu
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Soil and Water Science Department, Gainesville, FL 33611, USA
| | - Y C Li
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - B Moyano
- Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - V C Baligar
- United State Department of Agriculture, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Zhu D, Zhong H. Potential bioavailability of mercury in humus-coated clay minerals. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 36:48-55. [PMID: 26456605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that both clay and organic matter in soils play a key role in mercury biogeochemistry, while their combined effect is less studied. In this study, kaolinite, vermiculite, and montmorillonite were coated or not with humus, and spiked with inorganic mercury (IHg) or methylmercury (MeHg). The potential bioavailability of mercury to plants or deposit-feeders was assessed by CaCl2 or bovine serum albumin (BSA) extraction. For uncoated clay, IHg or MeHg extraction was generally lower in montmorillonite, due to its greater number of functional groups. Humus coating increased partitioning of IHg (0.5%-13.7%) and MeHg (0.8%-52.9%) in clay, because clay-sorbed humus provided more strong binding sites for mercury. Furthermore, humus coating led to a decrease in IHg (3.0%-59.8% for CaCl2 and 2.1%-5.0% for BSA) and MeHg (8.9%-74.6% for CaCl2 and 0.5%-8.2% for BSA) extraction, due to strong binding between mercury and clay-sorbed humus. Among various humus-coated clay particles, mercury extraction by CaCl2 (mainly through cation exchange) was lowest in humus-coated vermiculite, explained by the strong binding between humus and vermiculite. The inhibitory effect of humus on mercury bioavailability was also evidenced by the negative relationship between mercury extraction by CaCl2 and mercury in the organo-complexed fraction. In contrast, extraction of mercury by BSA (principally through complexation) was lowest in humus-coated montmorillonite. This was because BSA itself could be extensively sorbed onto montmorillonite. Results suggested that humus-coated clay could substantially decrease the potential bioavailability of mercury in soils, which should be considered when assessing risk in mercury-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwen Zhu
- Nanjing University, School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huan Zhong
- Nanjing University, School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
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33
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Zhu H, Zhong H, Evans D, Hintelmann H. Effects of rice residue incorporation on the speciation, potential bioavailability and risk of mercury in a contaminated paddy soil. J Hazard Mater 2015; 293:64-71. [PMID: 25827269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To reduce air pollution, straw return instead of burning is being strongly encouraged in China, including some mercury polluted areas. Nevertheless, the possible influences of straw return on methylation, bioavailability and exposure risk of mercury were relatively unknown. In this study, different amounts of rice straw or root were added into a mercury contaminated soil. Potential bioavailability of soil-bound mercury to crops/deposit-feeders was assessed by quantifying extraction rates of mercury (%) by calcium chloride (CaCl2)/bovine serum albumin (BSA). Extraction rates of inorganic mercury (IHg) or methylmercury (MMHg) decreased significantly in rice residue amended soils, possibly due to the strong binding of mercury with organic matter in root/straw. Meanwhile, MMHg concentrations increased by 2-8 times in amended soils. Such increases were attributed to enhanced microbial activities and/or formation of Hg-S-DOM complexes after rice residue incorporation and decomposition. Consequently, potential exposure risk of IHg (quantified as concentration of potentially bioavailable mercury in soil) decreased significantly while that of MMHg increased up to 4 times. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that rice residue incorporation could significantly affect biogeochemistry of both IHg and MMHg in soils, which should be considered in straw incorporation activities in mercury polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huike Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Huan Zhong
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Douglas Evans
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Environmental and Resource Studies Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger Hintelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Zhu DW, Zhong H, Zeng QL, Yin Y. Prediction of methylmercury accumulation in rice grains by chemical extraction methods. Environ Pollut 2015; 199:1-9. [PMID: 25616007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To explore the possibility of using chemical extraction methods to predict phytoavailability/bioaccumulation of soil-bound MeHg, MeHg extractions by three widely-used extractants (CaCl2, DTPA, and (NH4)2S2O3) were compared with MeHg accumulation in rice grains. Despite of variations in characteristics of different soils, MeHg extracted by (NH4)2S2O3 (highly affinitive to MeHg) correlated well with grain MeHg levels. Thus (NH4)2S2O3 extraction, solubilizing not only weakly-bound and but also strongly-bound MeHg, may provide a measure of 'phytoavailable MeHg pool' for rice plants. Besides, a better prediction of grain MeHg levels was obtained when growing condition of rice plants was also considered. However, MeHg extracted by CaCl2 or DTPA, possibly quantifying 'exchangeable MeHg pool' or 'weakly-complexed MeHg pool' in soils, may not indicate phytoavailable MeHg or predict grain MeHg levels. Our results provided the possibility of predicting MeHg phytoavailability/bioaccumulation by (NH4)2S2O3 extraction, which could be useful in screening soils for rice cultivation in contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Wen Zhu
- Nanjing University, School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Nanjing University, School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Long Zeng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yin
- Nanjing University, School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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35
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Crean DE, Livens FR, Sajih M, Stennett MC, Grolimund D, Borca CN, Hyatt NC. Remediation of soils contaminated with particulate depleted uranium by multi stage chemical extraction. J Hazard Mater 2013; 263 Pt 2:382-390. [PMID: 23998894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with depleted uranium (DU) from munitions firing occurs in conflict zones and at test firing sites. This study reports the development of a chemical extraction methodology for remediation of soils contaminated with particulate DU. Uranium phases in soils from two sites at a UK firing range, MOD Eskmeals, were characterised by electron microscopy and sequential extraction. Uranium rich particles with characteristic spherical morphologies were observed in soils, consistent with other instances of DU munitions contamination. Batch extraction efficiencies for aqueous ammonium bicarbonate (42-50% total DU extracted), citric acid (30-42% total DU) and sulphuric acid (13-19% total DU) were evaluated. Characterisation of residues from bicarbonate-treated soils by synchrotron microfocus X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed partially leached U(IV)-oxide particles and some secondary uranyl-carbonate phases. Based on these data, a multi-stage extraction scheme was developed utilising leaching in ammonium bicarbonate followed by citric acid to dissolve secondary carbonate species. Site specific U extraction was improved to 68-87% total U by the application of this methodology, potentially providing a route to efficient DU decontamination using low cost, environmentally compatible reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Crean
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK; Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, UK
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36
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Riding MJ, Doick KJ, Martin FL, Jones KC, Semple KT. Chemical measures of bioavailability/bioaccessibility of PAHs in soil: fundamentals to application. J Hazard Mater 2013; 261:687-700. [PMID: 23583092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment and remediation of contaminated land is inherently dependent on the contaminants present and their availability for interaction with soil biota. An ever-growing body of evidence suggests that current regulatory procedures over-estimate the 'true' fraction available to biota. Thus, a procedure that predicts the 'bioavailable fraction' would be useful for predicting 'actual' exposure limits and provide a more relevant basis for risk assessment. The aim of this paper is to address several important questions: "How should bioavailability be defined?" "What factors affect bioavailability measurement?" "To what extent have existing protocols measured bioavailability?" "What is actually measured by chemical techniques purported to determine bioavailability?" We offer two definitions (namely 'bioavailability' and 'bioaccessibility') and review commonly employed chemical extraction techniques to measure putative bioavailability. Relative advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are highlighted to elucidate underlying factors for the wide range of conclusions observed in the literature. Although the concept of bioavailability is implicit to contaminated land risk assessment and remediation, explicit reference to and use of adjustment factors is rare amongst regulatory bodies and remediators. Use of chemical determinants for bioavailability, applicable within current legislation and due consideration to inherent variability, are proposed and barriers to their implementation discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Riding
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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