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Zhou J, Han H, Liu S, Ji C, Jiao B, Yang Y, Xi D. miRNAs are involved in regulating the formation of recovery tissues in virus infected Nicotiana tabacum. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:10. [PMID: 38376608 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
MiRNAs play an important role in regulating plant growth and immune response. Mosaic diseases are recognized as the most important plant diseases in the world, and mosaic symptoms are recovery tissues formed by plants against virus infection. However, the mechanism of the formation of mosaic symptoms remains elusive. In this study, two typical mosaic systems consisting of Nicotiana tabacum-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and N. tabacum-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used to investigate the relevance of miRNAs to the appearance of mosaic symptoms. The results of miRNA-seq showed that there were significant differences in miRNA abundance between dark green tissues and chlorotic tissues in mosaic leaves caused by the infection of CMV or TMV. Compared with healthy tissues, miRNA expression was significantly increased in chlorotic tissues, but slightly increased in dark green tissues. Three miRNAs, namely miR1919, miR390a, and miR6157, were identified to be strongly up-regulated in chlorotic tissues of both mosaic systems. Results of overexpressing or silencing of the three miRNAs proved that they were related to chlorophyll synthesis, auxin response, and small GTPase-mediated immunity pathway, which were corresponding to the phenotype, physiological parameters and susceptibility of the chlorotic tissues in mosaic leaves. Besides, the newly identified novel-miRNA48, novel-miRNA96 and novel-miRNA103 may also be involved in this formation of mosaic symptoms. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR1919, miR390a and miR6157 are involved in the formation of mosaic symptoms and plant antiviral responses, providing new insight into the role of miRNAs in the formation of recovery tissue and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Sucen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Y, Xu J, Lu X, Huang M, Mao Y, Li C, Yu W, Li C. Carbon monoxide is involved in melatonin-enhanced drought resistance in tomato seedlings by enhancing chlorophyll synthesis pathway. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:97. [PMID: 38331770 PMCID: PMC10854177 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is thought to be a major abiotic stress that dramatically limits tomato growth and production. As signal molecule, melatonin (MT) and carbon monoxide (CO) can enhance plant stress resistance. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of CO involving MT-mediated drought resistance in seedling growth remains unknown. In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Micro-Tom') seedlings were used to investigate the interaction and mechanism of MT and CO in response to drought stress. RESULTS The growth of tomato seedlings was inhibited significantly under drought stress. Exogenous MT or CO mitigated the drought-induced impairment in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest efficiency provided by 100 and 500 µM, respectively. But application of hemoglobin (Hb, a CO scavenger) restrained the positive effects of MT on the growth of tomato seedlings under drought stress. MT and CO treatment promoted chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll a (Chl b) accumulations. Under drought stress, the intermediate products of chlorophyll biosynthesis such as protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX), potochlorophyllide (Pchlide) and heme were increased by MT or CO, but uroporphyrinogen III (Uro III) content decreased in MT-treated or CO-treated tomato seedlings. Meanwhile, MT or CO up-regulated the expression of chlorophyll and heme synthetic-related genes SlUROD, SlPPOX, SlMGMT, SlFECH, SlPOR, SlChlS, and SlCAO. However, the effects of MT on chlorophyll biosynthesis were almost reversed by Hb. CONCLUSION The results suggested that MT and CO can alleviate drought stress and facilitate the synthesis of Chl and heme in tomato seedlings. CO played an essential role in MT-enhanced drought resistance via facilitating chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Junrong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xuefang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Mengxiao Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuanzhi Mao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chuanghao Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Xiang F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Chen T, Duan F, Zhou Q, Li X, Fang M, Li X, Li B, Zhao X. Photosynthetic characteristics and genetic mapping of a new yellow leaf mutant crm1 in Brassica napus. Mol Breed 2023; 43:80. [PMID: 37954030 PMCID: PMC10635920 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is one of the key factors for photosynthesis and plays an important role in plant growth and development. We previously isolated an EMS mutagenized rapeseed chlorophyll-reduced mutant (crm1), which had yellow leaf, reduced chlorophyll content and fewer thylakoid stacks. Here, we found that crm1 showed attenuated utilization efficiency of both light energy and CO2 but enhanced heat dissipation efficiency and greater tolerance to high-light intensity. BSA-Seq analysis identified a single nucleotide change (C to T) and (G to A) in the third exon of the BnaA01G0094500ZS and BnaC01G0116100ZS, respectively. These two genes encode the magnesium chelatase subunit I 1 (CHLI1) that catalyzes the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX, a pivotal step in chlorophyll synthesis. The mutation sites resulted in an amino acid substitution P144S and G128E within the AAA+ domain of the CHLI1 protein. Two KASP markers were developed and co-segregated with the yellow leaf phenotype in segregating F2 population. Loss of BnaA01.CHLI1 and BnaC01.CHLI1 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing recapitulated the mutant phenotype. BnaA01.CHLI1 and BnaC01.CHLI1 were located in chloroplast and highly expressed in the leaves. Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses revealed the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes were upregulated in the crm1 mutant. These findings provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis in rapeseed and suggest a novel target for improving the photosynthetic efficiency and tolerance to high-light intensity in crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01429-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Fujiang Xiang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Yiming Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Tingzhou Chen
- Hunan Cotton Research Institute, Changde, 415100 Hunan China
| | - Feifei Duan
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | | | - Xinmei Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Bao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
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Yang X, Cai J, Xue J, Luo X, Zhu W, Xiao X, Xue M, An F, Li K, Chen S. Magnesium chelatase subunit D is not only required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, but also affecting starch accumulation in Manihot esculenta Crantz. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37189053 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium chelatase plays an important role in photosynthesis, but only a few subunits have been functionally characterized in cassava. RESULTS Herein, MeChlD was successfully cloned and characterized. MeChlD encodes a magnesium chelatase subunit D, which has ATPase and vWA conservative domains. MeChlD was highly expressed in the leaves. Subcellular localization suggested that MeChlD:GFP was a chloroplast-localized protein. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid system and BiFC analysis indicated that MeChlD interacts with MeChlM and MePrxQ, respectively. VIGS-induce silencing of MeChlD resulted in significantly decreased chlorophyll content and reduction the expression of photosynthesis-related nuclear genes. Furthermore, the storage root numbers, fresh weight and the total starch content in cassava storage roots of VIGS-MeChlD plants was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Taken together, MeChlD located at the chloroplast is not only required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, but also affecting the starch accumulation in cassava. This study expands our understanding of the biological functions of ChlD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiuqin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xinhui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Maofu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Feifei An
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Kaimian Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Songbi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Lin X, Huang Y, Rao Y, Ouyang L, Zhou D, Zhu C, Fu J, Chen C, Yin J, Bian J, He H, Zou G, Xu J. A base substitution in OsphyC disturbs its Interaction with OsphyB and affects flowering time and chlorophyll synthesis in rice. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:612. [PMID: 36572865 PMCID: PMC9793604 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochromes are important photoreceptors in plants, and play essential roles in photomorphogenesis. The functions of PhyA and PhyB in plants have been fully analyzed, while those of PhyC in plant are not well understood. RESULTS A rice mutant, late heading date 3 (lhd3), was characterized, and the gene LHD3 was identified with a map-based cloning strategy. LHD3 encodes phytochrome C in rice. Animo acid substitution in OsphyC disrupted its interaction with OsphyB or itself, restraining functional forms of homodimer or heterodimer formation. Compared with wild-type plants, the lhd3 mutant exhibited delayed flowering under both LD (long-day) and SD (short-day) conditions, and delayed flowering time was positively associated with the day length via the Ehd1 pathway. In addition, lhd3 showed a pale-green-leaf phenotype and a slower chlorophyll synthesis rate during the greening process. The transcription patterns of many key genes involved in photoperiod-mediated flowering and chlorophyll synthesis were altered in lhd3. CONCLUSION The dimerization of OsPhyC is important for its functions in the regulation of chlorophyll synthesis and heading. Our findings will facilitate efforts to further elucidate the function and mechanism of OsphyC and during light signal transduction in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 330200, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunlian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 330200, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 330200, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China.
| | - Guoxing Zou
- National Engineering Laboratory of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 330200, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China.
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Wang Y, Wang J, Chen L, Meng X, Zhen X, Liang Y, Han Y, Li H, Zhang B. Identification and function analysis of yellow-leaf mutant (YX-yl) of broomcorn millet. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 36167497 PMCID: PMC9513943 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broomcorn millet is highly tolerant to drought and barren soil. Changes in chlorophyll content directly affect leaf color, which subsequently leadsleading to poor photosynthetic performance and reduced crop yield. Herein, we isolated a yellow leaf mutant (YX-yl) using a forward genetics approach and evaluated its agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content, chloroplast ultrastructure, and chlorophyll precursors. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of yellowing was explored using transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The YX-yl mutant showed significantly decreased plant height and low yield. The leaves exhibited a yellow-green phenotype and poor photosynthetic capacity during the entire growth period. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in YX-yl leaves was lower than that in wild-type leaves. Chlorophyll precursor analysis results showed that chlorophyll biosynthesis in YX-yl was hindered by the conversion of porphobilinogen to protoporphyrin IX. Examination of chloroplast ultrastructure in the leaves revealed that the chloroplasts of YX-yl accumulated on one side of the cell. Moreover, the chloroplast structure of YX-yl was degraded. The inner and outer membranes of the chloroplasts could not be distinguished well. The numbers of grana and grana thylakoids in the chloroplasts were low. The transcriptome of the yellowing mutant YX-yl was sequenced and compared with that of the wild type. Nine chlorophyll-related genes with significantly different expression profiles were identified: PmUROD, PmCPO, PmGSAM, PmPBDG, PmLHCP, PmCAO, PmVDE, PmGluTR, and PmPNPT. The proteins encoded by these genes were located in the chloroplast, chloroplast membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and chloroplast matrix and were mainly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and redox-related enzyme regulation. CONCLUSIONS YX-yl is an ideal material for studying pigment metabolism mechanisms. Changes in the expression patterns of some genes between YX-yl and the wild type led to differences in chloroplast structures and enzyme activities in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, ultimately resulting in a yellowing phenotype in the YX-yl mutant. Our findings provide an insight to the molecular mechanisms of leaf color formation and chloroplast development in broomcorn millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production With High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Liqing Chen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Xiaowei Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Xiaoxi Zhen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Yinpei Liang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Hongying Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production With High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 030801.
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Xie N, Zhang C, Zhou P, Gao X, Wang M, Tian S, Lu C, Wang K, Shen C. Transcriptomic analyses reveal variegation-induced metabolic changes leading to high L-theanine levels in albino sectors of variegated tea (Camellia sinensis). Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 169:29-39. [PMID: 34749269 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis cv. 'Yanling Huayecha' (YHC) is an albino-green chimaeric tea mutant with stable genetic traits. Here, we analysed the cell ultrastructure, photosynthetic pigments, amino acids, and transcriptomes of the albino, mosaic, and green zones of YHC. Well-organized thylakoids were found in chloroplasts in mesophyll cells of the green zone but not the albino zone. The albino zone of the leaves contained almost no photosynthetic pigment. However, the levels of total amino acids and theanine were higher in the albino zone than in the mosaic and green zones. A transcriptomic analysis showed that carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis showed differences among the different zones. Metabolite and transcriptomic analyses revealed that (1) downregulation of CsPPOX1 and damage to thylakoids in the albino zone may block chlorophyll synthesis; (2) downregulation of CsLHCB6, CsFdC2 and CsSCY1 influences chloroplast biogenesis and thylakoid membrane formation, which may contribute to the appearance of variegated tea leaves; and (3) tea plant variegation disrupts the balance between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and promotes the accumulation of amino acids, and upregulation of CsTSⅠ and CsAlaDC may enhance L-theanine synthesis. In summary, our study provides a theoretical basis and valuable insights for elucidating the molecular mechanisms and promoting the economic utilization of variegation in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianci Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Pinqian Zhou
- Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- Xiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, China
| | - Cui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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Gao J, Shi Y, Wang W, Wang YH, Yang H, Shi QH, Chen JP, Sun YR, Cai LW. Genome sequencing identified novel mechanisms underlying virescent mutation in upland cotton Gossypiuma hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:498. [PMID: 34217203 PMCID: PMC8254239 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Virescent mutation broadly exists in plants and is an ideal experimental material to investigate regulatory mechanisms underlying chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and plant growth. Up to date, the molecular mechanisms in two virescent mutations have been clarified in cottons (Gossypiuma hirsutum). A virescent mutation has been found in the cotton strain Sumian 22, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been studied. Methods The virescent mutant and wild type (WT) of Sumian 22 were cross-bred, and the F1 population were self-pollinated to calculate the segregation ratio. Green and yellow leaves from F2 populations were subjected to genome sequencing and bulked-segregant analysis was performed to screen mutations. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed to identify genes in relations to chlorophyll synthesis. Intermediate products for chlorophyll synthesis were determined to validate the RT-qPCR results. Results The segregation ratio of green and virescent plants in F2 population complied with 3:1. Compared with WT, a 0.34 Mb highly mutated interval was identified on the chromosome D10 in mutant, which contained 31 genes. Among them, only ABCI1 displayed significantly lower levels in mutant than in WT. Meanwhile, the contents of Mg-protoporphyrin IX, protochlorophyllide, chlorophyll a and b were all significantly lower in mutant than in WT, which were consistent with the inhibited levels of ABCI1. In addition, a mutation from A to T at the -317 bp position from the start codon of ABCI1 was observed in the genome sequence of mutant. Conclusions Inhibited transcription of ABCI1 might be the mechanism causing virescent mutation in Sumian 22 cotton, which reduced the transportation of protoporphyrin IX to plastid, and then inhibited Mg-protoporphyrin IX, Protochlorophyllide and finally chlorophyll synthesis. These results provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying virescent mutation in cotton. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07810-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shi
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Shi
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ru Sun
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wang Cai
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Guo J, Bai Y, Chen Z, Mo J, Li Q, Sun H, Zhang Q. Transcriptomic analysis suggests the inhibition of DNA damage repair in green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata exposed to roxithromycin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110737. [PMID: 32505758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are common contaminants in the aquatic environment. They are toxic to a wide range of primary producers, inhibiting the algal growth and further hindering the delivery of several ecosystem services. Yet the molecular mechanisms of macrolides in algae remain undetermined. The objectives of this study were therefore to: 1. evaluate whether macrolides at the environmentally relevant level inhibit the growth of algae; and 2. test the hypothesis that macrolides bind to ribosome and inhibit protein translocation in algae, as it does in bacteria. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to elucidate the toxicological mechanism in a model green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata treated with 5 and 90 μg L-1 of a typical macrolide roxithromycin (ROX). While exposure to ROX at 5 μg L-1 for 7 days did not affect algal growth and the transciptome, ROX at 90 μg L-1 resulted in 45% growth inhibition and 2306 (983 up- and 1323 down-regulated) DEGs, which were primarily enriched in the metabolism of energy, lipid, vitamins, and DNA replication and repair pathways. Nevertheless, genes involved in pathways in relation to translation and protein translocation and processing were dysregulated. Surprisingly, we found that genes involved in the base excision repair process were mostly repressed, suggesting that ROX may be genotoxic and cause DNA damage in R. subcapitata. Taken together, ROX was unlikely to pose a threat to green algae in the environment and the mode of action of macrolides in bacteria may not be directly extrapolated to green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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10
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Liu X, Li L, Zhang B, Zeng L, Li L. AhHDA1-mediated AhGLK1 promoted chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis regulates recovery growth of peanut leaves after water stress. Plant Sci 2020; 294:110461. [PMID: 32234234 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop that is adversely affected by drought. Post-drought growth is essential for improving peanut productivity and quality. Previous studies demonstrated that AhGLK1 (Arachis hypogaea L. Golden2-like 1) activates the expression of AhPORA to stimulate chlorophyll biosynthesis, and that AhGLK1 physically interacts with AhHDA1 (Arachis hypogaea L. histone deacetylase 1). However, the roles of the AhGLK1/AhHDA1 interaction in post-drought recovery remain to be elucidated. Herein, we report that AhHDA1 binds to AhGLK1 promoter and alters histone deacetylation levels to inhibit AhGLK1 expression. RNA-seq confirms that chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis-related genes are induced in AhGLK1-overexpressing, but reduced in AhGLK1 RNAi hairy roots. Furthermore, ChIP-seq shows that AhCAB (Arachis hypogaea L. chlorophyll A/B binding protein) is a target of both AhHDA1 and AhGLK1. Transactivation assays reveal that AhGLK1 activates AhCAB expression, while AhHDA1 inhibits the effect of AhGLK1 on AhCAB and AhPORA transcription. ChIP-qPCR shows that AhHDA1 and AhGLK1 bind to the promoters of AhCAB and AhPORA to regulate their expression during water stress and recovery. We propose that AhHDA1 and AhGLK1 consist of an ON/OFF switch for AhCAB and AhPORA expression during water stress and recovery. AhGLK1 activates, whereas AhHDA1 suppresses the expression of AhCAB and AhPORA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Limei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Gou T, Yang L, Hu W, Chen X, Zhu Y, Guo J, Gong H. Silicon improves the growth of cucumber under excess nitrate stress by enhancing nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 152:53-61. [PMID: 32388420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) can increase salt tolerance of plants, and previous studies have focused on NaCl stress; whereas in protected facilities, nitrate (but not NaCl) accumulation is one of the major causes of secondary soil salinization. However, information on Si's effect on plant growth under nitrate stress is very limited, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we investigated Si's effect on plant growth, nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis in cucumber. Cucumber seedlings ('Jinyou 1') were subjected to 200 mM nitrate stress without or with addition of 2 mM Si. The results showed that root application, but not foliar application of Si, could improve cucumber growth under nitrate stress. Root addition of Si increased photosynthetic rate and decreased oxidative damage of stressed plants. Under nitrate stress, Si addition decreased the accumulation of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium, and promoted the activities of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthase, glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase in leaves. The concentrations of glutamic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen and uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ were increased under nitrate stress, while these were decreased by added Si. Added Si increased the levels of chlorophyll and its precursors (protoporphyrin Ⅸ, Mg-protoporphyrin Ⅸ and protochlorophyllide), and expressions of genes encoding enzymes in chlorophyll synthesis (CHLH, POR and CAO) under nitrate stress. These results suggest that Si could improve cucumber growth under nitrate stress by enhancing nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis, and imply an application of Si fertilizer in solving secondary soil salinization in protected facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Gou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanxing Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Abstract
Etiolated seedlings accumulate the chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediate protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) and measuring Pchlide can be important for characterizing photomorphogenic mutants that may be affected in chloroplast development. In this chapter we outline a simple and sensitive method for quantifying Pchlide in extracts of Arabidopsis seedlings using fluorescence spectroscopy. This method can be easily adapted to study chloroplast development in a wide range of plant species.
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13
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Yang P, Li Y, He C, Yan J, Zhang W, Li X, Xiang F, Zuo Z, Li X, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhao X. Phenotype and TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of Brassica napus reveals new insight into chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast structure. J Proteomics 2019; 214:103621. [PMID: 31863931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of light energy into chemical energy in leaves is very important for plant growth and development. During this process, chlorophylls and their derivatives are indispensable as their fundamental role in the energy absorption and transduction activities. Chlorophyll variation mutants are important materials for studying chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthesis and related physiological processes. Here, a chlorophyll-reduced mutant (crm1) was isolated from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized Brassica napus. Compared to wild type, crm1 showed yellow leaves, reduced chlorophyll content, fewer thylakoid stacks and retarded growth. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) isobaric labeling showed that totally 4575 proteins were identified from the chloroplast of Brassica napus leaves, and 466 of which displayed differential accumulations between wild type and crm1. The differential abundance proteins were found to be involved in chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, phagosome and proteasome. Our results suggest that the decreased abundance of chlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes, proteins involved in photosynthesis might account for the reduced chlorophyll content, impaired thylakoid structure, and reduction of plant productivity. The increased abundance of proteins involved in phagosome and proteasome pathways might allow plants to adapt the proteome to environmental conditions to ensure growth and survival due to chlorophyll reduction. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Photosynthesis, which consists of light and dark reactions, is fundamental to biomass production. Chloroplast is regarded as the main site for photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, the pigment chlorophyll is essential for light harvesting and energy transfer. This work provides new insights into protein expression patterns, and enables the identification of many attractive candidates for investigation of chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast structure and photosynthesis in Brassica napus. These findings may be applied to improve the photosynthetic efficiency by genetic engineering in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yaxing Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jindong Yan
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Agronnomy, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fujiang Xiang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Liu T, Du Q, Li S, Yang J, Li X, Xu J, Chen P, Li J, Hu X. GSTU43 gene involved in ALA-regulated redox homeostasis, to maintain coordinated chlorophyll synthesis of tomato at low temperature. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:323. [PMID: 31319801 PMCID: PMC6639942 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) positively regulates plants chlorophyll synthesis and protects them against environmental stresses, although the protection mechanism is not fully clear. Here, we explored the effects of ALA on chlorophyll synthesis in tomato plants, which are sensitive to low temperature. We also examined the roles of the glutathione S-transferase (GSTU43) gene, which is involved in ALA-induced tolerance to oxidation stress and regulation of chlorophyll synthesis under low temperature. RESULTS Exogenous ALA alleviated low temperature caused chlorophyll synthesis obstacle of uroporphyrinogen III (UROIII) conversion to protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), and enhanced the production of chlorophyll and its precursors, including endogenous ALA, Proto IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-proto IX), and protochlorophyll (Pchl), under low temperature in tomato leaves. However, ALA did not regulate chlorophyll synthesis at the level of transcription. Notably, ALA up-regulated the GSTU43 gene and protein expression and increased GST activity. Silencing of GSTU43 with virus-induced gene silencing reduced the activities of GST, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, and increased the membrane lipid peroxidation; while fed with ALA significant increased all these antioxidase activities and antioxidant contents, and alleviated the membrane damage. CONCLUSIONS ALA triggered GST activity encoded by GSTU43, and increased tomato tolerance to low temperature-induced oxidative stress, perhaps with the assistance of ascorbate- and/or a glutathione-regenerating cycles, and actively regulated the plant redox homeostasis. This latter effect reduced the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, which was essential for the coordinated synthesis of chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qingjie Du
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Suzhi Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Rochaix JD, Kim C, Apel W. Klaus Apel (1942-2017): a pioneer of photosynthesis research. Photosynth Res 2018; 137:153-159. [PMID: 29453665 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present here a Tribute to Klaus Apel (1942-2017), a photosynthesis pioneer-an authority on plant molecular genetics-in five parts. The first section is a prologue. The second section deals with a chronological discussion of Apel's research life, prepared by the editor Govindjee; it is based on a website article at the Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) by Patricia Waldron ( https://btiscience.org/explore-bti/news/post/bti-says-goodbye-klaus-apel/ ), as approved for use here by Keith C. Hannon and David Stern of BTI. The third section, which focuses on Apel's pioneering work on singlet oxygen-mediated EXECUTER-dependent signaling in plants, is written by two of us (J-DR and CK). The fourth section includes three selected reminiscences, one from BTI and two from ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule). This tribute ends with section five, which is a very brief presentation of Klaus Apel's personal life, by Wiebke Apel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wiebke Apel
- Hegemann Lab, Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Kwon CT, Kim SH, Song G, Kim D, Paek NC. Two NADPH: Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase (POR) Isoforms Play Distinct Roles in Environmental Adaptation in Rice. Rice (N Y) 2017; 10:1. [PMID: 28078486 PMCID: PMC5226909 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the photoreduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, which is ultimately converted to chlorophyll in developing leaves. Rice has two POR isoforms, OsPORA and OsPORB. OsPORA is expressed in the dark during early leaf development; OsPORB is expressed throughout leaf development regardless of light conditions. The faded green leaf (fgl) is a loss-of-function osporB mutant that displays necrotic lesions and variegation in the leaves due to destabilized grana thylakoids, and has increased numbers of plastoglobules in the chloroplasts. To investigate whether the function of OsPORA can complement that of OsPORB, we constitutively overexpressed OsPORA in fgl mutant. RESULTS In the 35S:OsPORA/fgl (termed OPAO) transgenic plants, the necrotic lesions of the mutant disappeared and the levels of photosynthetic pigments and proteins, as well as plastid structure, were recovered in developing leaves under natural long days in the paddy field and under short days in an artificially controlled growth room. Under constant light conditions, however, total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in the developing leaves of OPAO plants were lower than those of wild type. Moreover, the OPAO plants exhibited mild defects in mature leaves beginning at the early reproductive stage in the paddy field. CONCLUSIONS The physiological function of OsPORB in response to constant light or during reproductive growth cannot be completely replaced by constitutive activity of OsPORA, although the biochemical functions of OsPORA and OsPORB are redundant. Therefore, we suggest that the two OsPORs have differentiated over the course of evolution, playing distinct roles in the adaptation of rice to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Tak Kwon
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giha Song
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dami Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354 Republic of Korea
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Shen Y, Li J, Gu R, Yue L, Zhan X, Xing B. Phenanthrene-triggered Chlorosis is caused by elevated Chlorophyll degradation and leaf moisture. Environ Pollut 2017; 220:1311-1321. [PMID: 27836478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf is an important organ in responding to environmental stresses. To date, chlorophyll metabolism under polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) stress is still unclear. Here we reveal, for the first time, the chlorophyll metabolism of wheat seedling leaves in response to phenanthrene (a model PAH) exposure. In this study, the hydroponic experiment was employed, and the wheat seedlings were exposed to phenanthrene to observe the response at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Over the exposure time, wheat leaf color turns light. With the accumulation of phenanthrene, the concentrations of glutamate, 5-aminolevulinic acid, uroporphyrinogen III, protoporphyrin IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX and protochlorophyllide increase while the concentrations of porphobilinogen and Chlorophyll b decrease. Also chlorophyll a content rises initially and then declines. Uroporphyrinogen III synthase and chlorophyllase are activated and porphobilinogen deaminase activity declines in the treatments. Both chlorophyll synthesis and degradation are enhanced, but the degradation rate is faster. Phenanthrene accumulation has significant and positive effects on increase of glutamate, 5-aminolevulinic acid, uroporphyrinogen III, protoporphyrin IX, Mg-protoporphyrin IX and protochlorophyllide concentrations. There is a negative correlation between phenanthrene accumulation and total chlorophyll. Additionally, the leaf moisture increases. Therefore, it is concluded that wheat leaf chlorosis results from a combination of accelerated chlorophyll degradation and elevated leaf moisture under phenanthrene exposure. Our results are helpful not only for better understanding the toxicity of PAHs to plants and crop PAH-adaptive mechanism in the environment, but also for potentially employing the changes of the chlorophyll-synthesizing precursors and enzyme activities in plant leaves as indicators of plant response to PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Jinfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruochen Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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18
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Shmakov NA, Vasiliev GV, Shatskaya NV, Doroshkov AV, Gordeeva EI, Afonnikov DA, Khlestkina EK. Identification of nuclear genes controlling chlorophyll synthesis in barley by RNA-seq. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:245. [PMID: 28105957 PMCID: PMC5123340 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albinism in plants is characterized by lack of chlorophyll and results in photosynthesis impairment, abnormal plant development and premature death. These abnormalities are frequently encountered in interspecific crosses and tissue culture experiments. Analysis of albino mutant phenotypes with full or partial chlorophyll deficiency can shed light on genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms of albinism. Here we report analysis of RNA-seq transcription profiling of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) near-isogenic lines, one of which is a carrier of mutant allele of the Alm gene for albino lemma and pericarp phenotype (line i:BwAlm). RESULTS 1221 genome fragments have statistically significant changes in expression levels between lines i:BwAlm and Bowman, with 148 fragments having increased expression levels in line i:BwAlm, and 1073 genome fragments, including 42 plastid operons, having decreased levels of expression in line i:BwAlm. We detected functional dissimilarity between genes with higher and lower levels of expression in i:BwAlm line. Genes with lower level of expression in the i:BwAlm line are mostly associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis, while genes with higher expression level are functionally associated with vesicle transport. Differentially expressed genes are shown to be involved in several metabolic pathways; the largest fraction of such genes was observed for the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Finally, de novo assembly of transcriptome contains several transcripts, not annotated in current H. vulgare genome version. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the new information about genes which could be involved in formation of albino lemma and pericarp phenotype. They demonstrate the interplay between nuclear and chloroplast genomes in this physiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay A. Shmakov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry A. Afonnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Lohscheider JN, Rojas-Stütz MC, Rothbart M, Andersson U, Funck D, Mendgen K, Grimm B, Adamska I. Altered levels of LIL3 isoforms in Arabidopsis lead to disturbed pigment-protein assembly and chlorophyll synthesis, chlorotic phenotype and impaired photosynthetic performance. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:2115-27. [PMID: 25808681 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex (LHC)-like (LIL) proteins contain two transmembrane helices of which the first bears a chlorophyll (Chl)-binding motif. They are widespread in photosynthetic organisms, but almost nothing is known about their expression and physiological functions. We show that two LIL3 paralogues (LIL3:1 and LIL3:2) in Arabidopsis thaliana are expressed in photosynthetically active tissues and their expression is differentially influenced by light stress. Localization studies demonstrate that both isoforms are associated with subcomplexes of LHC antenna of photosystem II. Transgenic plants with reduced amounts of LIL3:1 exhibited a slightly impaired growth and have reduced Chl and carotenoid contents as compared to wild-type plants. Ectopic overexpression of either paralogue led to a developmentally regulated switch to co-suppression of both LIL3 isoforms, resulting in a circular chlorosis of the leaf rosettes. Chlorotic sectors show severely diminished levels of LIL3 isoforms and other proteins, and thylakoid morphology was changed. Additionally, the levels of enzymes involved in Chl biosynthesis are altered in lil3 mutant plants. Our data support a role of LIL3 paralogues in the regulation of Chl biosynthesis under light stress and under standard growth conditions as well as in a coordinated ligation of newly synthesized and/or rescued Chl molecules to their target apoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens N Lohscheider
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Marc C Rojas-Stütz
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maxi Rothbart
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, DE-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrica Andersson
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Funck
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kurt Mendgen
- Phytopathologie, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, DE-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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