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Jimenez SA, Piera-Velazquez S. Cellular Transdifferentiation: A Crucial Mechanism of Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2023; 20:CRR-EPUB-135847. [PMID: 37921216 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971261932231025045400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with a highly complex pathogenesis that despite extensive investigation is not completely understood. The clinical and pathologic manifestations of the disease result from three distinct processes: 1) Severe and frequently progressive tissue fibrosis causing exaggerated and deleterious accumulation of interstitial collagens and other extracellular matrix molecules in the skin and various internal organs; 2) extensive fibroproliferative vascular lesions affecting small arteries and arterioles causing tissue ischemic alterations; and 3) cellular and humoral immunity abnormalities with the production of numerous autoantibodies, some with very high specificity for SSc. The fibrotic process in SSc is one of the main causes of disability and high mortality of the disease. Owing to its essentially universal presence and the severity of its clinical effects, the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of tissue fibrosis have been extensively investigated, however, despite intensive investigation, the precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several recent studies have suggested that cellular transdifferentiation resulting in the phenotypic conversion of various cell types into activated myofibroblasts may be one important mechanism. Here, we review the potential role that cellular transdifferentiation may play in the development of severe and often progressive tissue fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, USA
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2
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Kawakami N, Sato H, Terasaka N, Matsumoto K, Suga H. MET-Activating Ubiquitin Multimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307157. [PMID: 37450419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are generally activated through their dimerization and/or oligomerization induced by their cognate ligands, and one such RTK hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, known as MET, plays an important role in tissue regeneration. Here we show the development of ubiquitin (Ub)-based protein ligand multimers, referred to as U-bodies, which act as surrogate agonists for MET and are derived from MET-binding macrocyclic peptides. Monomeric Ub constructs (U-body) were first generated by genetic implantation of a macrocyclic peptide pharmacophore into a structural loop of Ub (lasso-grafting) and subsequent optimization of its flanking spacer sequences via mRNA display. Such U-body constructs exhibit potent binding affinity to MET, thermal stability, and proteolytic stability. The U-body constructs also partially/fully inhibited or enhanced HGF-induced MET-phosphorylation. Their multimerization to dimeric, tetrameric, and octameric U-bodies linked by an appropriate peptide linker yielded potent MET activation activity and downstream cell proliferation-promoting activity. This work suggests that lasso-grafting of macrocycles to Ub is an effective approach to devising protein-based artificial RTK agonists and it can be useful in the development of a new class of biologics for various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naohiro Terasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Veth TS, Francavilla C, Heck AJR, Altelaar M. Elucidating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Kinome Dynamics Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Dynamic Modeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100594. [PMID: 37328066 PMCID: PMC10368922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The detailed molecular pathway dynamics that coordinate these responses have remained to be determined. To elucidate these, we stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with either FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, or FGF19. Following activation of the receptor, we quantified the kinase activity dynamics of 44 kinases using a targeted mass spectrometry assay. Our system-wide kinase activity data, supplemented with (phospho)proteomics data, reveal ligand-dependent distinct pathway dynamics, elucidate the involvement of not earlier reported kinases such as MARK, and revise some of the pathway effects on biological outcomes. In addition, logic-based dynamic modeling of the kinome dynamics further verifies the biological goodness-of-fit of the predicted models and reveals BRAF-driven activation upon FGF2 treatment and ARAF-driven activation upon FGF4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, and Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Agnes CJ, Karoichan A, Tabrizian M. The Diamond Concept Enigma: Recent Trends of Its Implementation in Cross-linked Chitosan-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023. [PMID: 37310896 PMCID: PMC10354806 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of publications over the past ten years have focused on the development of chitosan-based cross-linked scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue. The design of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications relies heavily on the ideals set forth by a polytherapy approach called the "Diamond Concept". This methodology takes into consideration the mechanical environment, scaffold properties, osteogenic and angiogenic potential of cells, and benefits of osteoinductive mediator encapsulation. The following review presents a comprehensive summarization of recent trends in chitosan-based cross-linked scaffold development within the scope of the Diamond Concept, particularly for nonload-bearing bone repair. A standardized methodology for material characterization, along with assessment of in vitro and in vivo potential for bone regeneration, is presented based on approaches in the literature, and future directions of the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine J Agnes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9 Canada
| | - Antoine Karoichan
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9 Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1 Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1 Canada
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Freitas NPP, Silva BDP, Bezerra MRL, Pescini LYG, Olinda RG, Salgueiro CCDM, Nunes JF, Martins JAM, Neto SG, Martins LT. Freeze-dried Platelet-rich Plasma and Stem Cell-conditioned Medium for Therapeutic Use in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104189. [PMID: 36464033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose stem cell-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) use as a strategy to accelerate tissue healing. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified in fresh and freeze-dried PRP and ASC-CM, and a stability test was performed in the freeze-dried samples (90 and 180 days of storage). A cell proliferation test was performed using equine mesenchymal stem cell culture in reconstituted PRP gel mesh after freeze-drying. In vivo PRP, ASC-CM applications, or their association were performed in induced wounds at 15 and 9-day intervals, according to the treatments: saline solution (control), PRP, ASC-CM, or ASC-CM + PRP. Horses were monitored through photographs and wound area measurements on days 5, 7, 15, and 24 after lesion induction. Skin biopsies were obtained on days 15 and 24 of the experiment. PDGF and VEGF quantification did not differ between fresh or freeze-dried treatments, was similar after freeze-drying or 90 days of storage, but showed a significant reduction after 180 days of storage. Comparing all treatments, no differences were observed in the histopathological analyses. For inflammation, fibroplasia, and collagen formation, only the time effect between the first and second biopsies was significant. The cell proliferation test revealed intense multiplication in the PRP gel mesh. Healing time was similar among all treatments. In conclusion, our results showed the possibility to produce and maintain freeze-dried PRP and ASC-CM for 90 days. Further studies are needed to better explore the in vivo therapeutic PRP and ASC-CM effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália P P Freitas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (Renorbio), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz D'Almeida P Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Biology Unit (Nubex), University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcus R L Bezerra
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate Program, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Laura Y G Pescini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Biology Unit (Nubex), University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberio G Olinda
- Department of Pathology, Vetlab Veterinary Laboratory, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José F Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jorge A M Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Saul G Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Biology Unit (Nubex), University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo T Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Experimental Biology Unit (Nubex), University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Mukherjee O, Rakshit S, Shanmugan G, Sarkar K. Natural Plant Products Mediated Prevention of Cancer Facilitated through Immune Suppression of Treg Cells. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2973-2986. [PMID: 37937579 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266275768231027100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and numerous methods have been tested and used to figure out an optimum way of treatment. Besides targeted therapy, immunotherapy has proven to be effective by controlling certain immune cells. Traditional cancer therapy is met with the consequences of adverse side effects that have been a major issue for treatment; hence, a leap towards naturally occurring immunomodulators was taken to develop safer methods of treatment. One of the major immune cells responsible for the growth of tumors is regulatory T cells (Tregs). To maintain immunological homeostasis, Treg dampens abnormal immune responses to self and non-self-antigens. The transcription factor FoxP3 is responsible for their lineage specification and takes part in the production of immunosuppressive cytokines like IL10, IL35, and TGFb. This helps cancer cells to proliferate without the restriction of different immune cells like CD8+T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, B cells, and natural killer cells. Hence, targeting Tregs to provide unhindered immunosurveillance has proven to be a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. This review mainly focuses on some common naturally occurring immunomodulators derived from plant products that have earned their place as immunotherapeutic agents, along with some of their ability to suppress Tregs that can be used as an effective way to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Geetha Shanmugan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Purushothaman AE, Abhinandan R, Adithya SP, Sidharthan DS, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Bioactive Molecules-incorporated Polymeric Electrospun Fibers in Bone Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 18:470-486. [PMID: 35431001 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220414100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) enforces the concerted participation and combination of different biomaterials, cells, and bioactive molecules to make biosynthetic grafts for bone regeneration. Electrospinning has been used to fabricate fibrous scaffolds, which provide nanoscale architecture comprising interconnecting pores, resembling the natural hierarchy of tissues, and enabling the formation of artificial functional tissues. Electrospun fibers for BTE applications have been mostly made from polymers (chitosan, alginate, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid) and bioceramics (hydroxyapatite). Stem cells are among the most prolific members employed in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Most importantly, the bioactive molecules such as synthetic drugs, growth factors, phytocompounds consistently regulate cell behavior inducing differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. A growing literature now evidenced these electrospun fibers loaded with bioactive molecules supporting the differentiation of stem cells towards osteoblasts. Thus, this review briefly describes the current development of polymers and bioceramics-based electrospun fibers and the influence of bioactive molecules in these electrospun fibers for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Purushothaman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Abhinandan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Pranav Adithya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Saleth Sidharthan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Okur ME, Bülbül EÖ, Mutlu G, Eleftherıadou K, Karantas ID, Okur NÜ, Sıafaka PI. An Updated Review for the Diabetic Wound Healing Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:393-419. [PMID: 34521324 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210914104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a global health problem associated with millions of deaths; the most common of diabetes complications is that wounds of diabetic patients tend to heal more slowly or non-healed at all, leading to undesirable facts. Diabetic wounds if become chronic and infected could provoke lower extremities amputation, sepsis even death. Hence, early detection, careful examination, debridement, cleaning, and prevention or controlling the infection of diabetic wounds are important factors for the successful outcome of the case. During the years, various promising wound dressings incorporating antimicrobial molecules, growth factors, and wound healing agents have been developed, targeting diabetic wounds. Nonetheless, the choice of dressing is mainly based on the experience of each clinician. SUMMARY This review summarizes the main points of diabetes complications, diabetic wounds, and infections. In further, an overview of the current drug delivery systems for topical wound delivery of various active ingredients has been performed. This update could be helpful for scientists and especially clinicians who desire to plan and work with new strategies for the healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Evren Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Ece Özcan Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Gökçe Mutlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Kalliopi Eleftherıadou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - Ioannis D Karantas
- Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus; fKES College, Nicosia. Cyprus
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul. Turkey
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Tinjić S, Abazović D, Ljubić D, Vojvodić D, Božanović T, Ibrišimović M, Marković S, Ljubić A. Influence of Autologous In Vitro Activation of Ovaries by Stem Cells and Growth Factors on Endocrine and Reproductive Function of Patients with Ovarian Insufficiency-A Clinical Trial Study. Int J Fertil Steril 2021; 15:178-188. [PMID: 34155864 PMCID: PMC8233920 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.134678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Premature ovarian failure (POF) can be found in 1% of women at the age of 35-40, mostly due to unknown causes. PI3K-Akt signaling is associated with both ovarian function and growth of primordial follicles. In this
study, we examined the effects of autologous in vitro ovarian activation with stem cells and autologous growth factors
on reproductive and endocrine function in patients with ovarian impairment. Materials and Methods: The longitudinal prospective observational study included 50 patients (between 30 and 50
years) with a diagnosis of POF and infertility. This multicenter study was performed at Jevremova Special Hospital in
Belgrade, Saint James Hospital (Malta), and Remedica Skoplje Hospital, between 2015 and 2018. All patients went
through numerous laboratory testings, including hormonal status. The autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem
cells (BMSCs) and growth factors were used in combination for activation of ovarian tissue before its re-transplantation. The software package SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis of the results. Results: Differences in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (PG) hormone concentrations before and after 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplantation were tested in correlation
with the volume of transplanted ovarian tissue. A significant correlation (P=0.029) was found between the change in
E2 level after 3 months and the volume of re-transplanted tissues. Also after re-transplantation, 64% of the patients
had follicles resulting in aspiration of oocytes in 25% of positive women with follicles. Conclusion: The SEGOVA method could potentially solve many human reproductive problems in the future due to
the large number of patients diagnosed with POF, as well as the possibility of delaying menopause, thus improving
the quality of life and general health (Registration number: NCT04009473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suada Tinjić
- Department of Gynecology, Polyclinic, Korak do Života, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Džihan Abazović
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Remedika Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušica Ljubić
- Department of Gynecology, MediGroup Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodić
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Božanović
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirza Ibrišimović
- Department of Gynecology, Polyclinic, Korak do Života, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Medical Biology and Human Physiology, Sarajevo Medical School, University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sergije Marković
- Department of Histology, Medical School, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aleksandar Ljubić
- Department of Gynecology, Dubrovnik International University, Dubrovnik, Croatia
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Caballero-Aguilar LM, Duchi S, Quigley A, Onofrillo C, Di Bella C, Moulton SE. Microencapsulation of growth factors by microfluidic system. MethodsX 2021; 8:101324. [PMID: 34434839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of growth factors is an important component of tissue engineer- ing. Using microspheres is a convenient approach in which the dose of factors can be regulated by increasing or decreasing the number of encapsulated microspheres. Moreover, microspheres offer the possibility of delivering the growth factors directly to the target site. However, the fabrication of microspheres by traditional emulsion methods is largely variable due to the experimental procedure. We have developed a protocol using a commercially available microfluidic system that allows formation of tunable particle-size droplets loaded with growth factors. The methodology includes a guide for preparing an alginate-growth factors solution followed by the specific set-up needed for using the microfluidic system to form the microspheres. The pro- cedure also includes a unique post-crosslinking process without pH modification. These methods allow the preservation of integrity and bioactivity of the growth factors tested (BMP-6 and TGFβ -3) and their subsequent sustained delivery.•The protocol can be tuned to form particles of various sizes.•The gentle post-crosslinking process allows conformational integrity of various bioactive molecules.
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Abstract
Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis, tissue regeneration and host defense. Based on these settings, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives are therapeutically used to promote wound healing in several scenarios. This review summarizes the biological mechanisms underlying the most traditional as well as innovative applications of PRP in wound healing. These mechanisms involve the combined action of platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines, together with the role of plasma-derived fibrillar, antioxidant and homeostatic factors. In addition, regenerative treatments with PRP consist of personalized and non-standardized methods. Thus, the quality of PRP varies depending on endogenous factors (e.g., age; gender; concomitant medication; disease-associated systemic factors; nutrition) and exogenous factors (anticoagulants and cellular composition). This review also analyses whether these factors affect the biological mechanisms of PRP in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oneto
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Etulain
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kim HY, Chun SY, Lee EH, Kim B, Ha YS, Chung JW, Lee JN, Kim BS, Oh SH, Kwon TG. Bladder Regeneration Using a Polycaprolactone Scaffold with a Gradient Structure and Growth Factors in a Partially Cystectomized Rat Model. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e374. [PMID: 33107231 PMCID: PMC7590654 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering can be used for bladder augmentation. However, conventional scaffolds result in fibrosis and graft shrinkage. This study applied an alternative polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffold (diameter = 5 mm) with a noble gradient structure and growth factors (GFs) (epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor) to enhance bladder tissue regeneration in a rat model. METHODS Partially excised urinary bladders of 5-week-old male Slc:SD rats were reconstructed with the scaffold (scaffold group) or the scaffold combined with GFs (GF group) and compared with sham-operated (control group) and untreated rats (partial cystectomy group). Evaluations of bladder volume, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular markers were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS The bladder volumes of the scaffold and GF group recovered to the normal range, and those of the GF group showed more enhanced augmentation. Histological evaluations revealed that the GF group showed more organized urothelial lining, dense extracellular matrix, frequent angiogenesis, and enhanced smooth muscle bundle regeneration than the scaffold group. IHC for α-smooth muscle actin, pan-cytokeratin, α-bungarotoxin, and CD8 revealed that the GF group showed high formation of smooth muscle, blood vessel, urothelium, neuromuscular junction and low immunogenicity. Concordantly, real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments revealed that the GF group showed a higher expression of transcripts associated with smooth muscle and urothelial differentiation. In a 6-month in vivo safety analysis, the GF group showed normal histology. CONCLUSION This study showed that a PCL scaffold with a gradient structure incorporating GFs improved bladder regeneration functionally and histologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institution for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
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13
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Arakeeb MAA, Zaky AA, Harhash TAH, Salem WS, El-Mofty M. Effect of Combined Application of Growth Factors and Diode Laser Bio-Stimulation on the Osseo Integration of Dental Implants. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2520-2527. [PMID: 31666858 PMCID: PMC6814472 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The success of implants is associated first with their osseointegration, and later on with their survival rate. In recent years, many efforts have been exerted to develop implant design, geometry, materials and techniques to enhance the osseointegration process and also to increase the success rate of implant procedures. New techniques, like leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and low-level laser treatment (LLLT), have been developed to enhance the osseointegration around dental implants. AIM: This study aims at accelerating bone osseointegration process around dental implant using new techniques to increase the success rate, to allow immediate or early loading of a dental implant, and to make a comparison between the various new techniques in dental implant procedures to figure out which technique will achieve the best results. METHODS: The study was conducted on a random sample of 40 male patients. Dental implants were placed in the posterior areas of the lower jaw. Patients were divided randomly into 4 groups; control group, LLLT group, L-PRF group and L-PRF plus LLLT group. They were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). RESULTS: The results showed significant differences between all groups over different measured times. All the groups showed improvement in comparison with Normal group, where L-PRF group showed the best result followed by (L-PRF+LLLT) group, while the LLLT group showed the least improvement in comparison with bothL-PRF group and (L-PRF+LLLT) group. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that L-PRF gives a better performance in the osseointegration around dental implants than LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abbas Zaky
- Department of Medical Applications of Laser, NILES, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Walid S Salem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, College of Dentistry, Beni Suef University, Egypt, Beni Suef, Egypt
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14
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Zhang J, Gelman IH, Katsuta E, Liang Y, Wang X, Li J, Qu J, Yan L, Takabe K, Hochwald SN. Glucose Drives Growth Factor-Independent Esophageal Cancer Proliferation via Phosphohistidine-Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:37-60. [PMID: 30836148 PMCID: PMC6518323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Most targeted therapies against cancer are designed to block growth factor-stimulated oncogenic growth. However, response rates are low, and resistance to therapy is high. One mechanism might relate to the ability of tumor cells to induce growth factor-independent proliferation (GFIP). This project aims to understand how (1) cancer cells preferentially derive a major growth advantage by using critical metabolic products of glucose, such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), to drive proliferation and (2) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, but not esophageal adenocarcinoma cells, can induce GFIP by using glycolysis to activate phosphohistidine (poHis)-mediated signaling through focal adhesion kinase (FAK). METHODS The hypothesis to be tested is that ESCC GFIP induced by glucose is facilitated by PEP-mediated histidine phosphorylation (poHis) of FAK, leading to the possibility that ESCC progression can be targeted by blocking poHis signaling. Biochemical, molecular biological, and in vivo experiments including bromodeoxyuridine/5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine labeling, radioisotope tracing, CRISPR gene editing, and analysis of signaling gene sets in human cancer tissues and xenograft models were performed to define the mechanisms underlying ESCC GFIP. RESULTS Glucose promotes growth factor-independent DNA replication and accumulation of PEP in ESCC cells. PEP is the direct phospho-donor to poHis58-FAK within a known "HG" motif for histidine phosphorylation. Glucose-induced poHis58 promotes growth factor-independent FAK-mediated proliferation. Furthermore, glucose activates phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase/AKT via poHis58-FAK signaling. Non-phosphorylatable His58A-FAK reduces xenograft growth. CONCLUSIONS Glucose induces ESCC, but not esophageal adenocarcinoma GFIP via PEP-His58-FAK-AKT signaling. ESCC progression is controlled by actionable growth factor-independent, glucose-induced pathways that regulate proliferation through novel histidine phosphorylation of FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuanzi Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jun Li
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jun Qu
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Steven N. Hochwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Steven N. Hochwald, MD, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263. fax: (716) 845-1060.
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15
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Shah R, M G T, Thomas R, Mehta DS. An Update on the Protocols and Biologic Actions of Platelet Rich Fibrin in Dentistry. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2018; 25:64-72. [PMID: 28590091 DOI: 10.1922/ejprd_01690shah09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a surgical biologic additive that is prepared by manipulation of autologous blood. It has now evolved to become one of the most widely used platelet concentrate in dentistry. It has almost replaced Platelet rich plasma (PRP) for usage owing to its advantages such as being 100% autogenous, easy technique, time and cost effectiveness, superior & prolonged growth factor release. It finds varied applications in dentistry including management of gingival recession, for guided bone regeneration in periodontal, peri-implant and endodontic bone defects. Since its inception in 2001 by Choukroun & co-workers, there has been in-depth research regarding its clinical applications, biologic actions, various technique modifications and optimizations. Several modifications of the conventional protocol like the advanced PRF, injectable PRF, PRF lysate and Titanium-prepared PRF. Hence, the aim of this article to review the biological properties of platelet rich fibrin and the advancement in the PRF technology since its inception.
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16
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Abstract
Typically the normal epithelial cells are a single layer, held tightly by adherent proteins that prevent the mobilization of the cells from the monolayer sheet. During prostate cancer progression, the epithelial cells can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT, characterized by morphological changes in their phenotype from cuboidal to spindle-shaped. This is associated with biochemical changes in which epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin and occludins are down-regulated, which leads to loss of cell-cell adhesion, while mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and N-cadherin are up-regulated, thereby allowing the cells to migrate or metastasize to different organs. The EMT transition can be regulated directly and indirectly by multiple molecular mechanisms including growth factors and cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). This signaling subsequently induces expression of various transcription factors like Snail, Twist, Zeb1/2, that are also known as master regulators of EMT. Various markers associated with EMT have been reported in prostate cancer patient tissue as well as a possible association with health disparities. There has been consideration to therapeutically target EMT in prostate cancer patients by targeting the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Department of Biology, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Janae Sweeney
- Department of Biology, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Yoon J, Terman JR. MICAL redox enzymes and actin remodeling: New links to classical tumorigenic and cancer pathways. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 5:e1384881. [PMID: 29404387 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1384881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MICAL Redox enzymes have recently emerged as direct regulators of cell shape and motility - working through specific reversible post-translational oxidation of actin to disassemble and remodel the cytoskeleton. Links are also now emerging between MICALs and cancer, including our recent results that regulation of MICAL sensitizes cancer cells to the cancer drug Gleevec. Targeting this new actin regulatory enzyme system may thus provide new therapeutic options for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimok Yoon
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Drug Development Center, SK Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Abstract
After massive small-bowel resection, the remnant bowel compensates by a process termed adaptation. Adaptation is characterized by villus elongation and crypt deepening, which increases the capacity for absorption and digestion per unit length. The mechanisms/mediators of this important response are multiple. The purpose of this review is to highlight the major basic contributions in elucidating a more comprehensive understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad W. Warner
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brad W. Warner, MD, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, Suite 5s40, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. fax: (314) 454-2442.Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis Children's HospitalOne Children's PlaceSuite 5s40St. LouisMissouri 63110
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The restorative properties of platelets, through the local release of growth factors, are used in various medical areas. This article reviews fundamental and clinical research relating to platelet-rich plasma applied to tendinous lesions. MATERIALS AND METHOD Articles in French and English, published between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014. dealing with PRP and tendons were searched for using the Medline and Scopus data bases. RESULTS Forty-seven articles were identified which addressed pre-clinical and clinical studies: 27 relating to in vitro and in vivo animal studies and 20 relating to human studies. Of these, five addressed lateral epicondylitis, two addressed rotator cuff tendinopathies, ten dealt with patellar tendinopathies and three looked at Achilles tendinopathies. CONCLUSIONS The majority of pre-clinical studies show that PRP stimulates the tendon's healing process. However, clinical series remain more controversial and level 1, controlled, randomised studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Kaux
- Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- ULg-GIGA-R, Experimental Surgery, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Croisier
- Physiotherapy Service, Department of Motility Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Crielaard
- Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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20
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Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and present a clinical challenge to orthopedic surgery mainly because these injuries often respond poorly to treatment and require prolonged rehabilitation. Therapeutic options used to repair ruptured tendons have consisted of suture, autografts, allografts, and synthetic prostheses. To date, none of these alternatives has provided a successful long-term solution, and often the restored tendons do not recover their complete strength and functionality. Unfortunately, our understanding of tendon biology lags far behind that of other musculoskeletal tissues, thus impeding the development of new treatment options for tendon conditions. Hence, in this review, after introducing the clinical significance of tendon diseases and the present understanding of tendon biology, we describe and critically assess the current strategies for enhancing tendon repair by biological means. These consist mainly of applying growth factors, stem cells, natural biomaterials and genes, alone or in combination, to the site of tendon damage. A deeper understanding of how tendon tissue and cells operate, combined with practical applications of modern molecular and cellular tools could provide the long awaited breakthrough in designing effective tendon-specific therapeutics and overall improvement of tendon disease management.
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21
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Stromnes IM, Brockenbrough S, Izeradjene K, Carlson MA, Cuevas C, Simmons RM, Greenberg PD, Hingorani SR. Targeted depletion of an MDSC subset unmasks pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to adaptive immunity. Gut 2014; 63:1769-81. [PMID: 24555999 PMCID: PMC4340484 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterised by a robust desmoplasia, including the notable accumulation of immunosuppressive cells that shield neoplastic cells from immune detection. Immune evasion may be further enhanced if the malignant cells fail to express high levels of antigens that are sufficiently immunogenic to engender an effector T cell response. OBJECTIVE To investigate the predominant subsets of immunosuppressive cancer-conditioned myeloid cells that chronicle and shape the progression of pancreas cancer. We show that selective depletion of one subset of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in an autochthonous, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of PDA unmasks the ability of the adaptive immune response to engage and target tumour epithelial cells. METHODS A combination of in vivo and in vitro studies were performed employing a GEMM that faithfully recapitulates the cardinal features of human PDA. The predominant cancer-conditioned myeloid cell subpopulation was specifically targeted in vivo and the biological outcomes determined. RESULTS PDA orchestrates the induction of distinct subsets of cancer-associated myeloid cells through the production of factors known to influence myelopoiesis. These immature myeloid cells inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of activated T cells. Targeted depletion of granulocytic MDSC (Gr-MDSC) in autochthonous PDA increases the intratumoral accumulation of activated CD8 T cells and apoptosis of tumour epithelial cells and also remodels the tumour stroma. CONCLUSIONS Neoplastic ductal cells of the pancreas induce distinct myeloid cell subsets that promote tumour cell survival and accumulation. Targeted depletion of a single myeloid subset, the Gr-MDSC, can unmask an endogenous T cell response, disclosing an unexpected latent immunity and invoking targeting of Gr-MDSC as a potential strategy to exploit for treating this highly lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Scott Brockenbrough
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Kamel Izeradjene
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Markus A. Carlson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Carlos Cuevas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Randi M. Simmons
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Philip D. Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195,Correspondence: Sunil R. Hingorani, MD, PhD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop M5-C800, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, , Philip D. Greenberg, MD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024,
| | - Sunil R. Hingorani
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195,Correspondence: Sunil R. Hingorani, MD, PhD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop M5-C800, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, , Philip D. Greenberg, MD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024,
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22
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Abstract
Following laser vision correction, corneal keratocytes must repopulate areas of cell loss by migrating through the intact corneal stroma, and this can impact corneal shape and transparency. In this study, we evaluate 3D culture models for simulating this process in vitro. Buttons (8 mm diameter) were first punched out of keratocyte populated compressed collagen matrices, exposed to a 3 mm diameter freeze injury, and cultured in serum-free media (basal media) or media supplemented with 10% FBS, TGFβ1 or PDGF BB. Following freeze injury, a region of cell death was observed in the center of the constructs. Although cells readily migrated on top of the matrices to cover the wound area, a limited amount of cell migration was observed within the constructs. We next developed a novel “sandwich” model, which better mimics the native lamellar architecture of the cornea. Using this model, significant migration was observed under all conditions studied. In both models, cells in TGFβ and 10% FBS developed stress fibers; whereas cells in PDGF were more dendritic. PDGF stimulated the most inter-lamellar migration in the sandwich construct. Overall, these models provide insights into the complex interplay between growth factors, cell mechanical phenotypes and the structural properties of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; (W.P.); (N.L.); (L.M.)
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23
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Tucker JD, Ericksen JJ, Goetz LL, Elmore LW. Should clinical studies involving "regenerative injection therapy," strive to incorporate a triad of outcome measures instead of only including clinical outcome measures? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:715-7. [PMID: 24769241 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Tucker
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States.
| | | | - L L Goetz
- Virginia Commonwealth University and Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States
| | - L W Elmore
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, United States
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24
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Cheng X, Tsao C, Sylvia VL, Cornet D, Nicolella DP, Bredbenner TL, Christy RJ. Platelet-derived growth-factor-releasing aligned collagen-nanoparticle fibers promote the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1360-9. [PMID: 24291329 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the healing potential of an injured tendon, we have prepared a novel biomimetic aligned collagen-nanoparticle (NP) composite fiber using an electrochemical process. The aligned collagen-NP composite fiber is designed to affect the cellular activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through two different ways: (i) topographic cues from the alignment of collagen fibril and (ii) controlled release of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) from the NPs. PDGF released from collagen-NP fibers significantly enhanced the proliferation of ADSCs when tested for up to 7 days. Moreover, compared to random collagen fibers with PDGFs, aligned collagen-NP fibers significantly promoted the desirable tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs, as evidenced by an increased level of tendon markers such as tenomodulin and scleraxis. On the other hand, no undesirable osteogenic differentiation, as measured by the unchanged level of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, was observed. Together, these results indicate that the aligned collagen-NP composite fiber induced the tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs through both a topographic cue (aligned collagen fibril) and a chemical cue (PDGF released from NPs). Thus, our novel aligned collagen-NP composite fiber has a significant potential to be used for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingGuo Cheng
- Microencapsulation and Nanomaterials Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
| | - Christopher Tsao
- Microencapsulation and Nanomaterials Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - Victor L Sylvia
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Douglas Cornet
- Department of Orthopedics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel P Nicolella
- Materials Engineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - Todd L Bredbenner
- Materials Engineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - Robert J Christy
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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25
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Xu XY, Nie Y, Wang FF, Bai Y, Lv ZZ, Zhang YY, Li ZJ, Gao W. Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 blocks norepinephrine-induced myocardial hypertrophy via a novel pathway involving inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10084-94. [PMID: 24554716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.516278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is associated with the severity and prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of GDF-15 on the regulation of cardiac remodeling is still poorly understood. In this present study, we demonstrate that GDF-15 blocks norepinephrine (NE)-induced myocardial hypertrophy through a novel pathway involving inhibition of EGFR transactivation. Both in vivo and in vitro assay indicate that NE was able to stimulate the synthesis of GDF-15. The up-regulation of GDF-15 feedback inhibits NE-induced myocardial hypertrophy, including quantitation of [(3)H]leucine incorporation, protein/DNA ratio, cell surface area, and ANP mRNA level. Further research shows that GDF-15 could inhibit the phosphorylation of EGF receptor and downstream kinases (AKT and ERK1/2) induced by NE. Clinical research also shows that serum GDF-15 levels in hypertensive patients were significant higher than in healthy volunteers and were positively correlated with the thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle, interventricular septum, and left ventricular mass, as well as the serum level of norepinephrine. In conclusion, NE induces myocardial hypertrophy and up-regulates GDF-15, and this up-regulation of GDF-15 negatively regulates NE-induced myocardial hypertrophy by inhibiting EGF receptor transactivation following NE stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-ye Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
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26
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Sturrock A, Mir-Kasimov M, Baker J, Rowley J, Paine R. Key role of microRNA in the regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in murine alveolar epithelial cells during oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4095-105. [PMID: 24371146 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is an endogenous pulmonary cytokine produced by normal alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) that is a key defender of the alveolar space. AEC GM-CSF expression is suppressed by oxidative stress through alternations in mRNA turnover, an effect that is reversed by treatment with recombinant GM-CSF. We hypothesized that specific microRNA (miRNA) would play a key role in AEC GM-CSF regulation. A genome-wide miRNA microarray identified 19 candidate miRNA altered in primary AEC during oxidative stress with reversal by treatment with GM-CSF. Three of these miRNA (miR 133a, miR 133a*, and miR 133b) are also predicted to bind the GM-CSF 3'-untranslated region (UTR). PCR for the mature miRNA confirmed induction during oxidative stress that was reversed by treatment with GM-CSF. Experiments using a GM-CSF 3'-UTR reporter construct demonstrated that miR133a and miR133b effects on GM-CSF expression are through interactions with the GM-CSF 3'-UTR. Using lentiviral transduction of specific mimics and inhibitors in primary murine AEC, we determined that miR133a and miR133b suppress GM-CSF expression and that their inhibition both reverses oxidant-induced suppression of GM-CSF expression and increases basal expression of GM-CSF in cells in normoxia. In contrast, these miRNAs are not active in regulation of GM-CSF expression in murine EL4 T cells. Thus, members of the miR133 family play key roles in regulation of GM-CSF expression through effects on mRNA turnover in AEC during oxidative stress. Increased understanding of GM-CSF gene regulation may provide novel miRNA-based interventions to augment pulmonary innate immune defense in lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sturrock
- From the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148 and
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27
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Okon IS, Coughlan KA, Zou MH. Liver kinase B1 expression promotes phosphatase activity and abrogation of receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in human cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1639-48. [PMID: 24285539 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.500934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation (pRTK) has been associated with diverse pathological conditions, including human neoplasms. In lung cancer, frequent liver kinase B1 (LKB1) mutations correlate with tumor progression, but potential links with pRTK remain unknown. Heightened and sustained receptor activation was demonstrated by LKB1-deficient A549 (lung) and HeLaS3 (cervical) cancer cell lines. Depletion (siRNA) of endogenous LKB1 expression in H1792 lung cancer cells also correlated with increased pRTK. However, ectopic LKB1 expression in A549 and HeLaS3 cell lines, as well as H1975 activating-EGF receptor mutant lung cancer cell resulted in dephosphorylation of several tumor-enhancing RTKs, including EGF receptor, ErbB2, hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), EphA2, rearranged during transfection (RET), and insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Receptor abrogation correlated with attenuation of phospho-Akt and increased apoptosis. Global phosphatase inhibition by orthovanadate or depletion of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) resulted in the recovery of receptor phosphorylation. Specifically, the activity of SHP-2, PTP-1β, and PTP-PEST was enhanced by LKB1-expressing cells. Our findings provide novel insight on how LKB1 loss of expression or function promotes aberrant RTK signaling and rapid growth of cancer cells.
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Takahashi M, Hasegawa Y, Ikeda Y, Wada Y, Tajiri M, Ariki S, Takamiya R, Nishitani C, Araki M, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Kuroki Y. Suppression of heregulin β signaling by the single N-glycan deletion mutant of soluble ErbB3 protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32910-21. [PMID: 24097984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heregulin signaling is involved in various tumor proliferations and invasions; thus, receptors of heregulin are targets for the cancer therapy. In this study we examined the suppressing effects of extracellular domains of ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 (soluble ErbB (sErbB)) on heregulin β signaling in human breast cancer cell line MCF7. It was found that sErbB3 suppresses ligand-induced activation of ErbB receptors, PI3K/Akt and Ras/Erk pathways most effectively; sErbB2 scarcely suppresses ligand-induced signaling, and sErbB4 suppresses receptor activation at ∼10% efficiency of sErbB3. It was revealed that sErbB3 does not decrease the effective ligands but decreases the effective receptors. By using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for ErbB receptors, we determined that sErbB3 suppresses the heregulin β signaling by interfering ErbB3-containing heterodimers including ErbB2/ErbB3. By introducing the mutation of N418Q to sErbB3, the signaling-inhibitory effects were increased by 2-3-fold. Moreover, the sErbB3 N418Q mutant enhanced anticancer effects of lapatinib more effectively than the wild type. We also determined the structures of N-glycan on Asn-418. Results suggested that the N-glycan-deleted mutant of sErbB3 suppresses heregulin signaling via ErbB3-containing heterodimers more effectively than the wild type. Thus, we demonstrated that the sErbB3 N418Q mutant is a potent inhibitor for heregulin β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Takahashi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Xing B, Wang L, Guo D, Huang J, Espenel C, Kreitzer G, Zhang JJ, Guo L, Huang XY. Atypical protein kinase Cλ is critical for growth factor receptor-induced dorsal ruffle turnover and cell migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32827-36. [PMID: 24092753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gα13, a member of the heterotrimeric G proteins, is critical for actin cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration. Previously we have shown that Gα13 is essential for both G protein-coupled receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization such as dynamic dorsal ruffle turnover and cell migration. Ric-8A, a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor for some heterotrimeric G proteins, is critical for coupling receptor tyrosine kinases to Gα13. Here, we show that PDGF can induce phosphorylation of Ric-8A. Atypical protein kinase Cλ (aPKCλ) is required for Ric-8A phosphorylation. Furthermore, aPKCλ is required for PDGF-induced dorsal ruffle turnover and cell migration as demonstrated by both down-regulation of aPKCλ protein levels in cells by RNA interference and by studies in aPKCλ knock-out cells. Moreover, phosphorylation of Ric-8A modulates its subcellular localization. Hence, aPKCλ is critical for PDGF-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xing
- From the College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and
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30
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Shah CA, Bei L, Wang H, Platanias LC, Eklund EA. The leukemia-associated Mll-Ell oncoprotein induces fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2)-dependent cytokine hypersensitivity in myeloid progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32490-32505. [PMID: 24089521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.496109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) with chromosomal translocations involving the MLL gene have a poor prognosis (referred to as 11q23-AML). The MLL fusion proteins that are expressed in 11q23-AML facilitate transcription of a set of HOX genes, including HOXA9 and HOXA10. Because Hox proteins are transcription factors, this suggests the possibility that Hox target genes mediate the adverse effects of MLL fusion proteins in leukemia. Identifying such Hox target genes might provide insights to the pathogenesis and treatment of 11q23-AML. In the current study we found that Mll-Ell (an MLL fusion protein) induced transcriptional activation of the FGF2 gene in a HoxA9- and HoxA10-dependent manner. FGF2 encodes fibroblast growth factor 2 (also referred to as basic fibroblast growth factor). Fgf2 influences proliferation and survival of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells, and increased Fgf2-expression has been described in AMLs. We determined that expression of Mll-Ell in myeloid progenitor cells resulted in autocrine production of Fgf2 and Fgf2-dependent cytokine hypersensitivity. Therefore, our results implicated increased Fgf2 expression in progenitor proliferation and expansion in 11q23-AML. Because small molecule inhibitors of Fgf-receptors are in human clinical trials, this suggested a potential therapeutic approach to this treatment refractory leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag A Shah
- From The Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ling Bei
- From The Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; the Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Hao Wang
- From The Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- From The Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; the Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Elizabeth A Eklund
- From The Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; the Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
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31
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Macdonald-Obermann JL, Adak S, Landgraf R, Piwnica-Worms D, Pike LJ. Dynamic analysis of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-ErbB2-ErbB3 protein network by luciferase fragment complementation imaging. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30773-30784. [PMID: 24014028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB3 is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. It is unique because it is the only member of the family whose kinase domain is defective. As a result, it is obliged to form heterodimers with other ErbB receptors to signal. In this study, we characterized the interaction of ErbB3 with the EGF receptor and ErbB2 and assessed the effects of Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutic agents on these interactions. Our findings support the concept that ErbB3 exists in preformed clusters that can be dissociated by NRG-1β and that it interacts with other ErbB receptors in a distinctly hierarchical fashion. Our study also shows that all pairings of the EGF receptor, ErbB2, and ErbB3 form ligand-independent dimers/oligomers. The small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and lapatinib differentially enhance the dimerization of the various ErbB receptor pairings, with the EGFR/ErbB3 heterodimer being particularly sensitive to the effects of erlotinib. The data suggest that the physiological effects of these drugs may involve not only inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity but also a dynamic restructuring of the entire network of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Cell Biology and Physiology, and; Developmental Biology,; the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, and; the Bridging Research with Imaging, Genomics and High Throughput Technologies Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Linda J Pike
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics,.
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32
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Nayak PS, Matthews BD, Warburton D, Shi W, Sanchez-Esteban J. Strain-induced differentiation of fetal type II epithelial cells is mediated via the integrin α6β1-ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25646-25657. [PMID: 23888051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are critical for normal fetal lung development. However, the mechanisms regulating this process are not well-characterized. We hypothesized that strain-induced release of HB-EGF and TGF-α is mediated via integrin-ADAM17/TACE interactions. Employing an in vitro system to simulate mechanical forces in fetal lung development, we showed that mechanical strain of fetal epithelial cells actives TACE, releases HB-EGF and TGF-α, and promotes differentiation. In contrast, in samples incubated with the TACE inhibitor IC-3 or in cells isolated from TACE knock-out mice, mechanical strain did not release ligands or promote cell differentiation, which were both rescued after transfection of ADAM17. Cell adhesion assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in wild-type and TACE knock-out cells using several TACE constructs demonstrated not only that integrins α6 and β1 bind to TACE via the disintegrin domain but also that mechanical strain enhances these interactions. Furthermore, force applied to these integrin receptors by magnetic beads activated TACE and shed HB-EGF and TGF-α. The contribution of integrins α6 and β1 to differentiation of fetal epithelial cells by strain was demonstrated by blocking their binding site with specific antibodies and by culturing the cells on membranes coated with anti-integrin α6 and β1 antibodies. In conclusion, mechanical strain releases HB-EGF and TGF-α and promotes fetal type II cell differentiation via α6β1 integrin-ADAM17/TACE signaling pathway. These investigations provide novel mechanistic information on how mechanical forces promote fetal lung development and specifically differentiation of epithelial cells. This information could be also relevant to other tissues exposed to mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02905
| | - Zheping Huang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02905
| | - Pritha S Nayak
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02905
| | - Benjamin D Matthews
- the Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - David Warburton
- the Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Wei Shi
- the Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Juan Sanchez-Esteban
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02905,.
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Jiang K, Yang Z, Cheng L, Wang S, Ning K, Zhou L, Lin J, Zhong H, Wang L, Li Y, Huang J, Zhang H, Ye Q. Mediator of ERBB2-driven cell motility (MEMO) promotes extranuclear estrogen receptor signaling involving the growth factor receptors IGF1R and ERBB2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24590-9. [PMID: 23861392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.467837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) acting as a transcription factor, extranuclear ER also plays an important role in cancer cell growth regulation through activation of kinase cascades. However, the molecular mechanisms by which extranuclear ER exerts its function are still poorly understood. Here, we report that mediator of ERBB2-driven cell motility (MEMO) regulates extranuclear functions of ER. MEMO physically and functionally interacted with ER. Through its interaction with the growth factor receptors IGF1R and ERBB2, MEMO mediated extranuclear functions of ER, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B/AKT, two important growth regulatory protein kinases, and integration of function with nuclear ER. Activation of MAPK and AKT was responsible for MEMO modulation of ER phosphorylation and estrogen-responsive gene expression. Moreover, MEMO increased anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and was required for estrogen-induced breast tumor growth in nude mice. Together, our studies identified MEMO as a new component of extranuclear ER signalosome and suggest an essential role for MEMO in the regulation of ER-positive breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
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Agarwal S, Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. Phosphorylation of the activation loop tyrosine 823 in c-Kit is crucial for cell survival and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22460-8. [PMID: 23803604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit, also known as the stem cell factor receptor, plays a key role in several developmental processes. Activating mutations in c-Kit lead to alteration of these cellular processes and have been implicated in many human cancers such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, acute myeloid leukemia, testicular seminomas and mastocytosis. Regulation of the catalytic activity of several kinases is known to be governed by phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the activation loop of the kinase domain. However, in the case of c-Kit phosphorylation of Tyr-823 has been demonstrated to be a late event that is not required for kinase activation. However, because phosphorylation of Tyr-823 is a ligand-activated event, we sought to investigate the functional consequences of Tyr-823 phosphorylation. By using a tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutant of tyrosine 823, we investigated the impact of Tyr-823 on c-Kit signaling. We demonstrate here that Tyr-823 is crucial for cell survival and proliferation and that mutation of Tyr-823 to phenylalanine leads to decreased sustained phosphorylation and ubiquitination of c-Kit as compared with the wild-type receptor. Furthermore, the mutated receptor was, upon ligand-stimulation, quickly internalized and degraded. Phosphorylation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl was transient, followed by a substantial reduction in phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules such as Akt, Erk, p38, Shc, and Gab2. Thus, we propose that activation loop tyrosine 823 is crucial for activation of both the MAPK and PI3K pathways and that its disruption leads to a destabilization of the c-Kit receptor and decreased survival of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Agarwal
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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35
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Fujita M, Ieguchi K, Cedano-Prieto DM, Fong A, Wilkerson C, Chen JQ, Wu M, Lo SH, Cheung ATW, Wilson MD, Cardiff RD, Borowsky AD, Takada YK, Takada Y. An integrin binding-defective mutant of insulin-like growth factor-1 (R36E/R37E IGF1) acts as a dominant-negative antagonist of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and suppresses tumorigenesis but still binds to IGF1R. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19593-603. [PMID: 23696648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is a major therapeutic target for cancer. We recently reported that IGF1 directly binds to integrins (αvβ3 and α6β4) and induces ternary complex formation (integrin-IGF1-IGF1 receptor (IGF1R)) and that the integrin binding-defective mutant of IGF1 (R36E/R37E) is defective in signaling and ternary complex formation. These findings predict that R36E/R37E competes with WT IGF1 for binding to IGF1R and inhibits IGF signaling. Here, we described that excess R36E/R37E suppressed cell viability increased by WT IGF1 in vitro in non-transformed cells. We studied the effect of R36E/R37E on viability and tumorigenesis in cancer cell lines. We did not detect an effect of WT IGF1 or R36E/R37E in cancer cells under anchorage-dependent conditions. However, under anchorage-independent conditions, WT IGF1 enhanced cell viability and induced signals, whereas R36E/R37E did not. Notably, excess R36E/R37E suppressed cell viability and signaling induced by WT IGF1 under anchorage-independent conditions. Using cancer cells stably expressing WT IGF1 or R36E/R37E, we determined that R36E/R37E suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas WT IGF1 markedly enhanced it. R36E/R37E suppressed the binding of WT IGF1 to the cell surface and the subsequent ternary complex formation induced by WT IGF1. R36E/R37E suppressed activation of IGF1R by insulin. WT IGF1, but not R36E/R37E, induced ternary complex formation with the IGF1R/insulin receptor hybrid. These findings suggest that 1) IGF1 induces signals under anchorage-independent conditions and that 2) R36E/R37E acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of IGF1R (IGF1 decoy). Our results are consistent with a model in which ternary complex formation is critical for IGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Baid R, Upadhyay AK, Shinohara T, Kompella UB. Biosynthesis, characterization, and efficacy in retinal degenerative diseases of lens epithelium-derived growth factor fragment (LEDGF1-326), a novel therapeutic protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17372-83. [PMID: 23640891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.441618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For vision-threatening retinitis pigmentosa and dry age-related macular degeneration, there are no United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments. We identified, biosynthesized, purified, and characterized lens epithelium-derived growth factor fragment (LEDGF1-326) as a novel protein therapeutic. LEDGF1-326 was produced at about 20 mg/liter of culture when expressed in the Escherichia coli system, with about 95% purity and aggregate-free homogeneous population with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 9 ± 1 nm. The free energy of unfolding of LEDGF1-326 was 3.3 ± 0.5 kcal mol(-1), and melting temperature was 44.8 ± 0.2 °C. LEDGF1-326 increased human retinal pigment epithelial cell viability from 48.3 ± 5.6 to 119.3 ± 21.1% in the presence of P23H mutant rhodopsin-mediated aggregation stress. LEDGF1-326 also increased retinal pigment epithelial cell FluoSphere uptake to 140 ± 10%. Eight weeks after single intravitreal injection in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, LEDGF1-326 increased the b-wave amplitude significantly from 9.4 ± 4.6 to 57.6 ± 8.8 μV for scotopic electroretinogram and from 10.9 ± 5.6 to 45.8 ± 15.2 μV for photopic electroretinogram. LEDGF1-326 significantly increased the retinal outer nuclear layer thickness from 6.34 ± 1.6 to 11.7 ± 0.7 μm. LEDGF1-326 is a potential new therapeutic agent for treating retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Baid
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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37
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Qi W, Fitchev PS, Cornwell ML, Greenberg J, Cabe M, Weber CR, Roy HK, Crawford SE, Savkovic SD. FOXO3 growth inhibition of colonic cells is dependent on intraepithelial lipid droplet density. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16274-16281. [PMID: 23603907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3 plays a critical role in suppressing tumor growth, in part, by increasing the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1, and Foxo3 deficiency in mice results in marked colonic epithelial proliferation. Here, we show in Foxo3-deficient colonic epithelial cells a striking increase in intracytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs), a dynamic organelle recently observed in human tumor tissue. Although the regulation and function of LDs in non-adipocytes is unclear, we hypothesize that the anti-proliferative effect of FOXO3 was dependent on lowering LD density, thus decreasing fuel energy in both normal and colon cancer cells. In mouse colonic tumors, we found an increased expression of LD coat protein PLIN2 compared with normal colonic epithelial cells. Stimulation of LD density in human colon cancer cells led to a PI3K-dependent loss of FOXO3 and a decrease in the negative regulator of lipid metabolism in Sirtuin6 (SIRT6). Foxo3 deficiency also led to a decrease in SIRT6, revealing the existence of LD and FOXO3 feedback regulation in colonic cells. In parallel, LD-dependent loss of FOXO3 led to its dissociation from the promoter and decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1. Stimulation of LD density promoted proliferation in colon cancer cells, whereas silencing PLIN2 or overexpression of FOXO3 inhibited proliferation. Taken together, FOXO3 and LDs might serve as new targets for therapeutic intervention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Qi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Northshore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Philip S Fitchev
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Mona L Cornwell
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Jordan Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Northshore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Maleen Cabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Northshore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | | | - Hemant K Roy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Northshore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Suzana D Savkovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Northshore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201.
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Lennartsson J, Ma H, Wardega P, Pelka K, Engström U, Hellberg C, Heldin CH. The Fer tyrosine kinase is important for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein phosphorylation, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor growth in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15736-44. [PMID: 23589302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fer is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is activated in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation. In the present report, we show that Fer associates with the activated PDGF β-receptor (PDGFRβ) through multiple autophosphorylation sites, i.e. Tyr-579, Tyr-581, Tyr-740, and Tyr-1021. Using low molecular weight inhibitors, we found that PDGF-BB-induced Fer activation is dependent on PDGFRβ kinase activity, but not on the enzymatic activity of Src or Jak kinases. In cells in which Fer was down-regulated using siRNA, PDGF-BB was unable to induce phosphorylation of STAT3, whereas phosphorylations of STAT5, ERK1/2, and Akt were unaffected. PDGF-BB-induced activation of STAT3 occurred also in cells expressing kinase-dead Fer, suggesting a kinase-independent adaptor role of Fer. Expression of Fer was dispensable for PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration but essential for colony formation in soft agar. Tumor growth in vivo was delayed in cells depleted of Fer expression. Our data suggest a critical role of Fer in PDGF-BB-induced STAT3 activation and cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gao X, Wang H, Yang JJ, Chen J, Jie J, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu ZR. Reciprocal regulation of protein kinase and pyruvate kinase activities of pyruvate kinase M2 by growth signals. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15971-9. [PMID: 23576436 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) is an enzyme-catalyzing conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the glycolysis pathway. It was demonstrated that PKM2 interacts with tyrosine phosphopeptide, and the interaction with the tyrosine phosphopeptide affects the pyruvate kinase activity of PKM2. Our experiments suggest that PKM2 is also an active protein kinase (Gao, X., Wang, H., Yang, J. J., Liu, X., and Liu, Z. R. (2012) Mol. Cell 45, 598-609). We report here that growth signals reciprocally regulate the pyruvate kinase and protein kinase activities of PKM2 by different mechanisms. On the one hand, growth signals induce protein tyrosine phosphorylations. The tyrosine-phosphorylated protein(s) regulates the conversion of pyruvate kinase and protein kinase of PKM2 by directly interacting with PKM2. Binding of the tyrosyl-phosphorylated proteins at the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-binding site converts the tetrameric PKM2 to a dimer. On the other hand, growth stimulations also lead to PKM2 phosphorylation, which consequently regulates the conversion of protein kinase and pyruvate kinase activities. Growth factor stimulations significantly increase the dimer/tetramer PKM2 ratio in cells and consequently activate the protein kinase activity of PKM2. Our study suggests that the conversion between the pyruvate kinase and protein kinase activities of PKM2 may be an important mechanism mediating the effects of growth signals in promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Gao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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40
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Carver BJ, Plosa EJ, Stinnett AM, Blackwell TS, Prince LS. Interactions between NF-κB and SP3 connect inflammatory signaling with reduced FGF-10 expression. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15318-25. [PMID: 23558680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.447318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation inhibits normal lung morphogenesis in preterm infants. Soluble inflammatory mediators present in the lungs of patients developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia disrupt expression of multiple genes critical for development. However, the mechanisms linking innate immune signaling and developmental programs are not clear. NF-κB activation inhibits expression of the critical morphogen FGF-10. Here, we show that interactions between the RELA subunit of NF-κB and SP3 suppress SP1-mediated FGF-10 expression. SP3 co-expression reduced SP1-mediated Fgf-10 promoter activity, suggesting antagonistic interactions between SP1 and SP3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of LPS-treated primary mouse fetal lung mesenchymal cells detected increased interactions between SP3, RELA, and the Fgf-10 promoter. Expression of a constitutively active IκB kinase β mutant not only decreased Fgf-10 promoter activity but also increased RELA-SP3 nuclear interactions. Expression of a dominant-negative IκB, which blocks NF-κB nuclear translocation, prevented inhibition of FGF-10 by SP3. The inhibitory functions of SP3 required sequences located in the N-terminal region of the protein. These data suggested that inhibition of FGF-10 by inflammatory signaling involves the NF-κB-dependent interactions between RELA, SP3, and the Fgf-10 promoter. NF-κB activation may therefore lead to reduced gene expression by recruiting inhibitory factors to specific gene promoters following exposure to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy J Carver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Venkataraman L, Lenis AT, Couri BM, Damaser MS, Ramamurthi A. Induced Regenerative Elastic Matrix Repair in LOXL1 Knockout Mouse Cell Cultures: Towards Potential therapy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3. [PMID: 30854248 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired elastic matrix remodeling occurs in reproductive tissues after vaginal delivery. This has been linked to development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) for which there currently is no pharmacologic therapy. Hyaluronan oligomers and transforming growth factor beta 1 (termed elastogenic factors, EFs) have been shown to significantly enhance tropoelastin synthesis, elastic fiber assembly, and crosslinking by adult vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The goal of this study was to ascertain if these factors similarly improve the quantity and quality of elastic matrix deposition by vaginal SMCs (VSMCs) isolated from lysyl oxidase like-1 knock out (LOXL1 KO) mouse model of POP. Cells isolated from whole vagina of a LOXL1 KO mouse (multiparous, stage 3 prolapse) were cultured and identified as SMCs by their expression of various SMC markers. Passage 2 vaginal SMCs (VSMCs; 3×104/10 cm2) were cultured for 21 days with EFs. Cell layers and spent medium aliquots were assessed for elastin content and quality. EF-treated VSMCs proliferated at a similar rate to untreated controls but synthesized more total elastin primarily in the form of soluble matrix elastin. Elastin mRNA was also increased compared to controls. The elastic matrix was significantly denser in EF-treated cultures, which was composed of more mature, non-interrupted elastic fibers that were absent in controls. The results are promising towards development of a therapy to enhance regenerative elastic matrix repair in post-partum female pelvic floor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Venkataraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University
| | - A T Lenis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - B M Couri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - M S Damaser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - A Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Yang Z, Gu L, Zhang D, Li Z, Li J, Lee M, Wang C, Wang Z, Cho J, Sung C. Red Deer Antler Extract Accelerates Hair Growth by Stimulating Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Full-thickness Wound Healing Rat Model. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:708-16. [PMID: 25049617 PMCID: PMC4093112 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on hair growth in the full-thickness wound healing model, Sprague-Dawley rats were given incision wounds through the full thickness of their dorsal skin and deer antler was applied for 40 days. At specified intervals thereafter (4, 8, 16, 32 and 40 days), the animals were sacrificed and the wound site skins were excised, processed, and sectioned. At post-injury days 16, 32 and 40, longer and more active new hair appeared around the healing wound of antler-treated skin. Histological studies showed that the antler extract markedly increases the depth, size, and number of hair follicles. Expression of IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR. The result showed that the expression of IGF-I (days 16, 32, and 40) was obviously up-regulated in antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results were seen in the ELISA analysis to quantify the IGF-I expression. These results support the notion that wound healing can cause hair growth by enhancing the expression of IGF-I. Deer antler extract appears to have the potential to promote hair growth and could be used in hair growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiHong Yang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - LiJuan Gu
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - DongLiang Zhang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - JingJie Li
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - MiRa Lee
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - ChunYan Wang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - JeongHee Cho
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - Changkeun Sung
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
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Choi YS, Lee MC, Kim HS, Lee KH, Park YG, Kim HK, Jeong HS, Kim MK, Woo YJ, Kim SU, Ryu JK, Choi HB. Neurotoxicity screening in a multipotent neural stem cell line established from the mouse brain. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:440-8. [PMID: 20191045 PMCID: PMC2826742 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.3.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have mainly been applied to neurodegeneration in some medically intractable neurologic diseases. In this study, we established a novel NSC line and investigated the cytotoxic responses of NSCs to exogenous neurotoxicants, glutamates and reactive oxygen species (ROS). A multipotent NSC line, B2A1 cells, was established from long-term primary cultures of oligodendrocyte-enriched cells from an adult BALB/c mouse brain. B2A1 cells could be differentiated into neuronal, astrocytic and oligodendroglial lineages. The cells also expressed genotypic mRNA messages for both neural progenitor cells and differentiated neuronoglial cells. B2A1 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine underwent 30-40% cell death, while B2A1 cells treated with glutamate and kainate showed 25-35% cell death. Cytopathologic changes consisting of swollen cell bodies, loss of cytoplasmic processes, and nuclear chromatin disintegration, developed after exposure to both ROS and excitotoxic chemicals. These results suggest that B2A1 cells may be useful in the study of NSC biology and may constitute an effective neurotoxicity screening system for ROS and excitotoxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Center for Biomedical Human Resources (BK 21), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Center for Biomedical Human Resources (BK 21), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea
| | - Yeoung-Geol Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Center for Biomedical Human Resources (BK 21), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Jong Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Up Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jae-Kyu Ryu
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hyun-Beom Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kona S, Chellamuthu P, Xu H, Hills SR, Nguyen KT. Effects of cyclic strain and growth factors on vascular smooth muscle cell responses. Open Biomed Eng J 2009; 3:28-38. [PMID: 19812708 PMCID: PMC2757671 DOI: 10.2174/1874120700903010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological and pathological conditions, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are exposed to different biochemical factors and biomechanical forces. Previous studies pertaining to SMC responses have not investigated the effects of both factors on SMCs. Thus, in our research we investigated the combined effects of growth factors like Bfgf (basic fibroblast growth factor), TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) along with physiological cyclic strain on SMC responses. Physiological cyclic strain (10% strain) significantly reduced SMC proliferation compared to static controls while addition of growth factors bFGF, TGF-β or PDGF-AB had a positive influence on SMC growth compared to strain alone. Microarray analysis of SMCs exposed to these growth factors and cyclic strain showed that several bioactive genes (vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, etc.) were altered upon exposure. Further work involving biochemical and pathological cyclic strain stimulation will help us better understand the role of cyclic strain and growth factors in vascular functions and development of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Kona
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
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