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Sun X, Wu D, Saidi WA, Zhu W, Yang WCD, House SD, Li M, Sharma R, Yang JC, Zhou G. Atomic Dynamics of Multi-Interfacial Migration and Transformations. Small 2024; 20:e2305746. [PMID: 37941496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Redox-induced interconversions of metal oxidation states typically result in multiple phase boundaries that separate chemically and structurally distinct oxides and suboxides. Directly probing such multi-interfacial reactions is challenging because of the difficulty in simultaneously resolving the multiple reaction fronts at the atomic scale. Using the example of CuO reduction in H2 gas, a reaction pathway of CuO → monoclinic m-Cu4 O3 → Cu2 O is demonstrated and identifies interfacial reaction fronts at the atomic scale, where the Cu2 O/m-Cu4 O3 interface shows a diffuse-type interfacial transformation; while the lateral flow of interfacial ledges appears to control the m-Cu4 O3 /CuO transformation. Together with atomistic modeling, it is shown that such a multi-interface transformation results from the surface-reaction-induced formation of oxygen vacancies that diffuse into deeper atomic layers, thereby resulting in the formation of the lower oxides of Cu2 O and m-Cu4 O3 , and activate the interfacial transformations. These results demonstrate the lively dynamics at the reaction fronts of the multiple interfaces and have substantial implications for controlling the microstructure and interphase boundaries by coupling the interplay between the surface reaction dynamics and the resulting mass transport and phase evolution in the subsurface and bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Dongxiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15216, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Wei-Chang D Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen D House
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Renu Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Judith C Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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2
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Fu R, Pan J, Wang M, Min H, Dong H, Cai R, Sun Z, Xiong Y, Cui F, Lei SY, Chen S, Chen J, Sun L, Zhang Q, Xu F. In Situ Atomic-Scale Deciphering of Multiple Dynamic Phase Transformations and Reversible Sodium Storage in Ternary Metal Sulfide Anode. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37326660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ternary metal sulfides (TMSs), endowed with the synergistic effect of their respective binary counterparts, hold great promise as anode candidates for boosting sodium storage performance. Their fundamental sodium storage mechanisms associated with dynamic structural evolution and reaction kinetics, however, have not been fully comprehended. To enhance the electrochemical performance of TMS anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), it is of critical importance to gain a better mechanistic understanding of their dynamic electrochemical processes during live (de)sodiation cycling. Herein, taking BiSbS3 anode as a representative paradigm, its real-time sodium storage mechanisms down to the atomic scale during the (de)sodiation cycling are systematically elucidated through in situ transmission electron microscopy. Previously unexplored multiple phase transformations involving intercalation, two-step conversion, and two-step alloying reactions are explicitly revealed during sodiation, in which newly formed Na2BiSbS4 and Na2BiSb are respectively identified as intermediate phases of the conversion and alloying reactions. Impressively, the final sodiation products of Na6BiSb and Na2S can recover to the original BiSbS3 phase upon desodiation, and afterward, a reversible phase transformation can be established between BiSbS3 and Na6BiSb, where the BiSb as an individual phase (rather than respective Bi and Sb phases) participates in reactions. These findings are further verified by operando X-ray diffraction, density functional theory calculations, and electrochemical tests. Our work provides valuable insights into the mechanistic understanding of sodium storage mechanisms in TMS anodes and important implications for their performance optimization toward high-performance SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Fu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Min
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhefei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Xiong
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhan Cui
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Ying Lei
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Xue Z, Chen X, Mei Y, Chu PK, Tian Z, Wu X, Di Z. Atomistic Observation of the Local Phase Transition in MoTe 2 for Application in Homojunction Photodetectors. Small 2022; 18:e2200913. [PMID: 35411673 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct atomic-scale observation of the local phase transition in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is critically required to carry out in-depth studies of their atomic structures and electronic features. However, the structural aspects including crystal symmetries tend to be unclear and unintuitive in real-time monitoring of the phase transition process. Herein, by using in situ transmission electron microscopy, information about the phase transition mechanism of MoTe2 from hexagonal structure (2H phase) to monoclinic structure (1T' phase) driven by sublimation of Te atoms after a spike annealing is obtained directly. Furthermore, with the control of Te atom sublimation by modulating the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) coverage in the desired area, the lateral 1T'-enriched MoTe2 /2H MoTe2 homojunction can be one-step constructed via an annealing treatment. Owing to the gradient bandgap provided by 1T'-enriched MoTe2 and 2H MoTe2 , the photodetector composed of the 1T'-enriched MoTe2 /2H MoTe2 homojunction shows fast photoresponse and ten times larger photocurrents than that consisting of a pure 2H MoTe2 channel. The study reveals a route to improve the performance of optoelectronic and electronic devices based on TMDCs with both semiconducting and semimetallic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhongying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xinqian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ziao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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Cha HW, An BS, Yang CW. In Situ Observation of the Early Stages of Rapid Solid-Liquid Reaction in Closed Liquid Cell TEM Using Graphene Encapsulation. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:53-60. [PMID: 35177141 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a very useful tool for investigating dynamic solid–liquid reactions. However, there are challenges to observe the early stages of spontaneous solid–liquid reactions using a closed-type liquid cell system, the most popular and simple liquid cell system. We propose a graphene encapsulation method to overcome this limitation of closed-type liquid cell TEM. The solid and liquid are separated using graphene to suspend the reaction until the graphene layer is destroyed. Graphene can be decomposed by the high-energy electron beam used in TEM, allowing the reaction to proceed. Fast dissolution of graphene-capped copper nanoparticles in an FeCl3 solution was demonstrated via in situ liquid cell TEM at 300 kV using a cell with closed-type SiNx windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Cha
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon An
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Korea
| | - Cheol-Woong Yang
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Korea
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5
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Kashiwar A, Hahn H, Kübel C. In Situ TEM Observation of Cooperative Grain Rotations and the Bauschinger Effect in Nanocrystalline Palladium. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:432. [PMID: 33572089 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on cooperative grain rotation accompanied by a strong Bauschinger effect in nanocrystalline (nc) palladium thin film. A thin film of nc Pd was subjected to cyclic loading–unloading using in situ TEM nanomechanics, and the evolving microstructural characteristics were investigated with ADF-STEM imaging and quantitative ACOM-STEM analysis. ADF-STEM imaging revealed a partially reversible rotation of nanosized grains with a strong out-of-plane component during cyclic loading–unloading experiments. Sets of neighboring grains were shown to rotate cooperatively, one after the other, with increasing/decreasing strain. ACOM-STEM in conjunction with these experiments provided information on the crystallographic orientation of the rotating grains at different strain levels. Local Nye tensor analysis showed significantly different geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density evolution within grains in close proximity, confirming a locally heterogeneous deformation response. The GND density analysis revealed the formation of dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries (GBs), indicating the generation of back stresses during unloading. A statistical analysis of the orientation changes of individual grains showed the rotation of most grains without global texture development, which fits to both dislocation- and GB sliding-based mechanisms. Overall, our quantitative in situ experimental approach explores the roles of these different deformation mechanisms operating in nanocrystalline metals during cyclic loading.
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6
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Wang Y, Hattar K. Special Issue: Radiation Damage in Materials-Helium Effects. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2143. [PMID: 32384649 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite its scarcity in terrestrial life, helium effects on microstructure evolution and thermo-mechanical properties can have a significant impact on the operation and lifetime of applications, including: advanced structural steels in fast fission reactors, plasma facing and structural materials in fusion devices, spallation neutron target designs, energetic alpha emissions in actinides, helium precipitation in tritium-containing materials, and nuclear waste materials. The small size of a helium atom combined with its near insolubility in almost every solid makes the helium–solid interaction extremely complex over multiple length and time scales. This Special Issue, “Radiation Damage in Materials—Helium Effects”, contains review articles and full-length papers on new irradiation material research activities and novel material ideas using experimental and/or modeling approaches. These studies elucidate the interactions of helium with various extreme environments and tailored nanostructures, as well as their impact on microstructural evolution and material properties.
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7
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Yang Z, Ong PV, He Y, Wang L, Bowden ME, Xu W, Droubay TC, Wang C, Sushko PV, Du Y. Direct Visualization of Li Dendrite Effect on LiCoO 2 Cathode by In Situ TEM. Small 2018; 14:e1803108. [PMID: 30397995 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonuniform and highly localized Li dendrites are known to cause deleterious and, in many cases, catastrophic effects on the performance of rechargeable Li batteries. However, the mechanisms of cathode failures upon contact with Li metal are far from clear. In this study, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, the interaction of Li metal with well-defined, epitaxial thin films of LiCoO2 , the most widely used cathode material, is directly visualized at an atomic scale. It is shown that a spontaneous and prompt chemical reaction is triggered once Li contact is made, leading to expansion and pulverization of LiCoO2 and ending with the final reaction products of Li2 O and Co metal. A topotactic phase transition is identified close to the reaction front, resulting in the formation of CoO as a metastable intermediate. Dynamic structural and chemical imaging, in combination with ab initio simulations, reveal that a high density of grain and antiphase boundaries is formed at the reaction front, which are critical for enabling the short-range topotactic reactions and long-range Li propagation. The fundamental insights are of general importance in mitigating Li dendrites related issues and guiding the design principle for more robust energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Yang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Phuong-Vu Ong
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yang He
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Timothy C Droubay
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Peter V Sushko
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yingge Du
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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8
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Liu H, Li Q, Yao Z, Li L, Li Y, Wolverton C, Hersam MC, Wu J, Dravid VP. Origin of Fracture-Resistance to Large Volume Change in Cu-Substituted Co 3 O 4 Electrodes. Adv Mater 2018; 30:1704851. [PMID: 29210479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrode materials conducive to conversion reactions undergo large volume change in cycles which restrict their further development. It has been demonstrated that incorporation of a third element into metal oxides can improve the cycling stability while the mechanism remains unknown. Here, an in situ and ex situ electron microscopy investigation of structural evolutions of Cu-substituted Co3 O4 supplemented by first-principles calculations is reported to reveal the mechanism. An interconnected framework of ultrathin metallic copper formed provides a high conductivity backbone and cohesive support to accommodate the volume change and has a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with Li2 O. In charge, a portion of Cu metal is oxidized to CuO, which maintains a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with Cu. The Co metal and oxides remain as nanoclusters (less than 5 nm) thus active in subsequent cycles. This adaptive architecture accommodates the formation of Li2 O in the discharge cycle and underpins the catalytic activity of Li2 O decomposition in the charge cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heguang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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9
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Aabdin Z, Xu XM, Sen S, Anand U, Král P, Holsteyns F, Mirsaidov U. Transient Clustering of Reaction Intermediates during Wet Etching of Silicon Nanostructures. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2953-2958. [PMID: 28418255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wet chemical etching is a key process in fabricating silicon (Si) nanostructures. Currently, wet etching of Si is proposed to occur through the reaction of surface Si atoms with etchant molecules, forming etch intermediates that dissolve directly into the bulk etchant solution. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we follow the nanoscale wet etch dynamics of amorphous Si (a-Si) nanopillars in real-time and show that intermediates generated during alkaline wet etching first aggregate as nanoclusters on the Si surface and then detach from the surface before dissolving in the etchant solution. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the molecules of etch intermediates remain weakly bound to the hydroxylated Si surface during the etching and aggregate into nanoclusters via surface diffusion instead of directly diffusing into the etchant solution. We confirmed this model experimentally by suppressing the formation of nanoclusters of etch intermediates on the Si surfaces by shielding the hydroxylated Si sites with large ions. These results suggest that the interaction of etch intermediates with etching surfaces controls the solubility of reaction intermediates and is an important parameter in fabricating densely packed clean 3D nanostructures for future generation microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Aabdin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117551, Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 117557, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 117546, Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiu Mei Xu
- imec , Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | | | - Utkarsh Anand
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117551, Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 117557, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 117546, Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411, Singapore
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | | | - Utkur Mirsaidov
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 117551, Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 117557, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 117546, Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , 117411, Singapore
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10
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Hammad Fawey M, Chakravadhanula VSK, Reddy MA, Rongeat C, Scherer T, Hahn H, Fichtner M, Kübel C. In situ TEM studies of micron-sized all-solid-state fluoride ion batteries: Preparation, prospects, and challenges. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:615-24. [PMID: 27145192 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trustworthy preparation and contacting of micron-sized batteries is an essential task to enable reliable in situ TEM studies during electrochemical biasing. Some of the challenges and solutions for the preparation of all-solid-state batteries for in situ TEM electrochemical studies are discussed using an optimized focused ion beam (FIB) approach. In particular redeposition, resistivity, porosity of the electrodes/electrolyte and leakage current are addressed. Overcoming these challenges, an all-solid-state fluoride ion battery has been prepared as a model system for in situ TEM electrochemical biasing studies and first results on a Bi/La0.9 Ba0.1 F2.9 half-cell are presented. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:615-624, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hammad Fawey
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials (KIT and TUD) at Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials (KIT and TUD) at Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Munnangi Anji Reddy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Carine Rongeat
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Torsten Scherer
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials (KIT and TUD) at Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fichtner
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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