1
|
Horowitch B, Lee DY, Ding M, Martinez-Morilla S, Aung TN, Ouerghi F, Wang X, Wei W, Damsky W, Sznol M, Kluger H, Rimm DL, Ishizuka J. Subsets of IFN Signaling Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2908-2918. [PMID: 37233452 PMCID: PMC10524955 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE IFN signaling in the tumor microenvironment is a critical determinant of both response and resistance of cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We hypothesized that distinct patterns of IFN signaling in melanoma are associated with clinical response or resistance to ICIs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two tissue microarrays containing samples from 97 patients with metastatic melanoma who received nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab at Yale New Haven Hospital between 2011 and 2017 were randomized into discovery and validation cohorts. Samples were stained and visualized using multiplexed immunofluorescence microscopy for STAT1, STAT1 phosphorylated at Y701 (pSTAT1Y701), and PD-L1, and signals were quantified using the automated quantitative analysis method of quantitative immunofluorescence. Treatment response was assessed using RECIST, and overall survival was analyzed. For in vitro studies, human melanoma cell lines were stimulated with IFNγ and IFNβ, and Western blotting was performed. RESULTS Pretreatment STAT1 levels were higher in responders to ICIs [complete response/partial response/stable disease (SD) for > 6 months] than in nonresponders (SD < 6 months/progressive disease). Higher pretreatment STAT1 levels were associated with improved survival after ICIs in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Western blot analysis of human melanoma cell lines stimulated with IFN demonstrated distinct patterns of upregulation of STAT1 compared with pSTAT1Y701 and PD-L1. When combining STAT1 and PD-L1 markers, patients with STAT1highPD-L1low tumors had improved survival compared with those with STAT1lowPD-L1high tumors. CONCLUSIONS STAT1 may better predict melanoma response to ICIs than current strategies, and combined STAT1 and PD-L1 biomarkers may provide insight into IFN-responsive versus IFN-resistant states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Horowitch
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel Y. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Min Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Thazin Nwe Aung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Feriel Ouerghi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mario Sznol
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey Ishizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fanunza E, Carletti F, Quartu M, Grandi N, Ermellino L, Milia J, Corona A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Tramontano E. Zika virus NS2A inhibits interferon signaling by degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Virulence 2021; 12:1580-1596. [PMID: 34338586 PMCID: PMC8331042 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1935613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interferon (IFN) response is crucial to restrain pathogenic infections. Investigations into flavivirus-host interactions reported that the high virulence is linked to innate immune evasion. Zika Virus (ZIKV) has developed diversified strategies to evade the innate immune system. We report that the viral protein NS2A counteracts the IFN response by strongly suppressing the IFN signaling. NS2A targets transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2, to impede their nuclear localization, thereby suppressing the transcription of ISRE promoter and IFN-stimulated genes. We found that NS2A promotes degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Treatment of NS2A transfected cells with MG132 restores the levels of both transcription factors, suggesting the involvement of the proteasome system. Given the impact that the IFN antagonism has on flavivirus virulence, the knowledge gained by characterizing the mechanism through which ZIKV evades the IFN response paves the ground for new strategies to attenuate the pathogenesis and to develop countermeasures against effective pharmacological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Nicole Grandi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Ermellino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jessica Milia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goodman ML, Trinca GM, Walter KR, Papachristou EK, D'Santos CS, Li T, Liu Q, Lai Z, Chalise P, Madan R, Fan F, Markiewicz MA, Jin VX, Carroll JS, Hagan CR. Progesterone Receptor Attenuates STAT1-Mediated IFN Signaling in Breast Cancer. J Immunol 2019; 202:3076-3086. [PMID: 30936295 PMCID: PMC6504603 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Why some tumors remain indolent and others progress to clinical relevance remains a major unanswered question in cancer biology. IFN signaling in nascent tumors, mediated by STAT1, is a critical step through which the surveilling immune system can recognize and destroy developing tumors. In this study, we have identified an interaction between the progesterone receptor (PR) and STAT1 in breast cancer cells. This interaction inhibited efficient IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, as we observed a decrease in phospho-STAT1 in response to IFN treatment in PR-positive breast cancer cell lines. This phenotype was further potentiated in the presence of PR ligand. In human breast cancer samples, PR-positive tumors exhibited lower levels of phospho-STAT1 as compared with their PR-negative counterparts, indicating that this phenotype translates to human tumors. Breast cancer cells lacking PR exhibited higher levels of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) RNA, the transcriptional end point of IFN activation, indicating that unliganded PR alone could decrease transcription of ISGs. Moreover, the absence of PR led to increased recruitment of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 (key transcription factors necessary for ISG transcription) to ISG promoters. These data indicate that PR, both in the presence and absence of ligand, attenuates IFN-induced STAT1 signaling, culminating in significantly abrogated activation of genes transcribed in response to IFNs. PR-positive tumors may use downregulation of STAT1-mediated IFN signaling to escape immune surveillance, leading to the development of clinically relevant tumors. Selective immune evasion of PR-positive tumors may be one explanation as to why over 65% of breast cancers are PR positive at the time of diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merit L Goodman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Gloria M Trinca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Katherine R Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Evangelia K Papachristou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Clive S D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Tianbao Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Rashna Madan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160; and
| | - Fang Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160; and
| | - Mary A Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Victor X Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160;
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kulkarni A, Scully TJ, O'Donnell LA. The antiviral cytokine interferon-gamma restricts neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation through activation of STAT1 and modulation of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1582-1601. [PMID: 27862183 PMCID: PMC5432422 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPSCs) express receptors for many inflammatory cytokines, with varying effects on differentiation and proliferation depending on the stage of development and the milieu of inflammatory mediators. In primary neurons and astrocytes, we recently showed that interferon gamma (IFNγ), a potent antiviral cytokine that is required for the control and clearance of many central nervous system (CNS) infections, could differentially affect cell survival and cell cycle progression depending upon the cell type and the profile of activated intracellular signaling molecules. Here, we show that IFNγ inhibits proliferation of primary NSPCs through dephosphorylation of the tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma protein (pRb), which is dependent on activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription‐1 (STAT1) signaling pathways. Our results show i) IFNγ inhibits neurosphere growth and proliferation rate in a dose‐dependent manner; ii) IFNγ blocks cell cycle progression through a late‐stage G1/S phase restriction; iii) IFNγ induces phosphorylation and expression of STAT1 and STAT3; iv) IFNγ decreases cyclin E/cdk2 expression and reduces phosphorylation of cyclin D1 and pRb on serine residue 795; and v) the effects of IFNγ on NSPC proliferation, cell cycle protein expression, and pRb phosphorylation are STAT1‐dependent. These data define a mechanism by which IFNγ could contribute to a reduction in NSPC proliferation in inflammatory conditions. Further delineation of the effects of inflammatory cytokines on NSPC growth could improve our understanding of how CNS infections and other inflammatory events disrupt brain development and NSPC function. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Kulkarni
- Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282
| | - Taylor J Scully
- Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282
| | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
PI3K、NF-κB和 STAT1在支气管哮喘儿童外周血单个核细胞的表达和临床意义. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18. [PMID: 27412544 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression profiles of PI3K, NF-κB, and STAT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in children with bronchial asthma, as well as their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. METHODS Thirty children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma were enrolled as the asthma group, and 20 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, NF-κB, and STAT1 in PBMCs. A spirometer was used to compare the pulmonary function between the two groups. The correlations between the mRNA expression of PI3K, NF-κB, and STAT1 and pulmonary function in children with bronchial asthma were analyzed. RESULTS The asthma group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, NF-κB, and STAT1 than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the asthma group showed significant reductions in pulmonary function indices such as FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, and PEF% (P<0.05). In children with bronchial asthma, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, NF-κB, and STAT1 were negatively correlated with FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, and PEF% (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression levels of PI3K, NF-κB, and STAT1 increase in children with asthma, and are negatively correlated with pulmonary function indices, suggesting that PI3K, NF-κB and STAT1 are involved in the development and progression of bronchial asthma in children.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II molecules by the cytokine, interferon γ (IFN-γ), is a key step in cell-mediated immunity against pathogens and tumors. Recent evidence suggests that suppression of MHC I and II expression on multiple tumor types plays important roles in tumor immunoevasion. One such tumor is malignant melanoma, a leading cause of skin cancer-related deaths. Despite growing awareness of MHC expression defects, the molecular mechanisms by which melanoma cells suppress MHC and escape from immune-mediated elimination remain unknown. Here, we analyze the dysregulation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway and its role in the suppression of MHC II in melanoma cell lines at the radial growth phase (RGP), the vertical growth phase (VGP) and the metastatic phase (MET). While RGP and VGP cells both express MHC II, MET cells lack not only MHC II, but also the critical transcription factors, interferon response factor (IRF) 1 and its upstream activator, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Suppression of STAT1 in vitro was also observed in patient tumor samples, suggesting STAT1 silencing as a global mechanism of MHC II suppression and immunoevasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoDi Lynn Osborn
- Division of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Susanna F Greer
- Division of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xi Y, Liu S, Bettaieb A, Matsuo K, Matsuo I, Hosein E, Chahed S, Wiede F, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Kulkarni RN, Tiganis T, Haj FG. Pancreatic T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase deficiency affects beta cell function in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:122-31. [PMID: 25338551 PMCID: PMC4258175 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP, encoded by PTPN2) regulates cytokine-induced pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, the role of TCPTP in pancreatic endocrine function and insulin secretion remains largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the endocrine role of pancreatic TCPTP we generated mice with pancreas Ptpn2/TCPTP deletion (panc-TCPTP KO). RESULTS When fed regular chow, panc-TCPTP KO and control mice exhibited comparable glucose tolerance. However, when challenged with prolonged high fat feeding panc-TCPTP KO mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The defect in GSIS was recapitulated in primary islets ex vivo and after TCPTP pharmacological inhibition or lentiviral-mediated TCPTP knockdown in the glucose-responsive MIN6 beta cells, consistent with this being cell autonomous. Reconstitution of TCPTP in knockdown cells reversed the defect in GSIS demonstrating that the defect was a direct consequence of TCPTP deficiency. The reduced insulin secretion in TCPTP knockdown MIN6 beta cells was associated with decreased insulin content and glucose sensing. Furthermore, TCPTP deficiency led to enhanced tyrosyl phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT 1/3), and substrate trapping studies in MIN6 beta cells identified STAT 1/3 as TCPTP substrates. STAT3 pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA-mediated STAT3 knockdown in TCPTP deficient cells restored GSIS to control levels, indicating that the effects of TCPTP deficiency were mediated, at least in part, through enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation and signalling. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These studies identify a novel role for TCPTP in insulin secretion and uncover STAT3 as a physiologically relevant target for TCPTP in the endocrine pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Xi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kosuke Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izumi Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ellen Hosein
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fawaz G. Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1) has been implicated in the pathobiology of a number of cancer types. Nonetheless, the biological and clinical significance of STAT1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) has not been comprehensively studied. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, we detected the STAT1 expression in a cohort of ESCC patients; In-vitro experiments, we used enforced gene transfection of STAT1C into two STAT1- weak/negative ESCC cell lines and siRNA knockdown of STAT1 in two STAT1-strong ESCC cell lines to detect STAT1 function in ESCC. RESULTS We found that the expression of STAT1 was heterogeneous in ESCC, with 64 (49.0%) strongly positive cases, 59 (45.0%) weakly positive cases and 8 (6.1%) negative cases. STAT1 expression inversely correlated with the depth of tumor invasion and tumor size (p=0.047 and p=0.029, respectively, Chi square). Furthermore, patients with STAT1-strong/weak tumors had a significantly longer survival compared to those with STAT1-negative tumors (33.6 months versus 13.1 months, p=0.019). In patients carrying tumors of aggressive cytology (n=50), those with STAT1-strong tumors survived significantly longer than those with STAT1-weak/negative tumors (34.6 months versus 20.5 months, p=0.011). Our in-vitro experiments revealed that STAT1 is proapoptotic and inhibitory to cell-cycle progression and colony formation. Lastly, we found evidence that STAT1 signaling in ESCC cells down-regulated the expression and/or activity of NF-κB and STAT3, both of which are known to have oncogenic potential. CONCLUSION To conclude, our findings suggest that STAT1 is a tumor suppressor in ESCC. Loss of STAT1, which is frequent in ESCC, contributes to the pathogenesis of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- />Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515031 Guangdong Province China
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Min Su
- />Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515031 Guangdong Province China
| | - Raymond Lai
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- />Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- />DynaLIFEDX Medical Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 5142 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin S, Wang H, Bertola A, Feng D, Xu MJ, Wang Y, Gao B. Activation of invariant natural killer T cells impedes liver regeneration by way of both IFN-γ- and IL-4-dependent mechanisms. Hepatology 2014; 60:1356-66. [PMID: 24623351 PMCID: PMC4190674 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a major subset of lymphocytes found in the liver. These cells mediate various functions, including hepatic injury, fibrogenesis, and carcinogenesis. However, the function of iNKT cells in liver regeneration remains unclear. In the present study, partial hepatectomy (PHx) was used to study liver regeneration. α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a specific ligand for iNKT cells, was used to induce iNKT cell activation. After PHx, two strains of iNKT cell-deficient mice, CD1d(-/-) and Jα281(-/-) mice, showed normal liver regeneration. Injection of α-GalCer before or after PHx, which rapidly stimulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 production by iNKT cells, markedly inhibited liver regeneration. In vitro treatment with IFN-γ inhibited hepatocyte proliferation. In agreement with this in vitro finding, genetic disruption of IFN-γ or its downstream signaling molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 significantly abolished the α-GalCer-mediated inhibition of liver regeneration. In vitro exposure to IL-4 did not affect hepatocyte proliferation, but surprisingly, genetic ablation of IL-4 or its downstream signaling molecule STAT6 partially eliminated the inhibitory effect of α-GalCer on liver regeneration. Further studies revealed that IL-4 contributed to α-GalCer-induced iNKT cell expansion and IFN-γ production, thereby inhibiting liver regeneration. CONCLUSION iNKT cells play a minor role in controlling liver regeneration after PHx under healthy conditions. Activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer induces the production of IFN-γ, which directly inhibits liver regeneration, and IL-4, which indirectly attenuates liver regeneration by stimulating iNKT cell expansion and IFN-γ production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospitalof Anhui Medical University
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Adeline Bertola
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ming-jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: Bin Gao, M.D., Ph.D., Laboratory of Liver Diseases, NIAAA/NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892., Tel: 301-443-3998;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of constitutive protein kinase CK2 in cytokine-induced activation of NFκB in pancreatic β cell death. The CK2 inhibitors DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) (50 μM) and DMAT (2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole) (5 μM), which decreased CK2 activity by approx. 65 %, rescued INS-1E β cells and mouse islets from cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α plus IFN-γ)-induced β cell death without affecting H2O2- or palmitate-induced β cell death. Western blot analysis revealed that while DRB or DMAT did not influence cytokine-induced IκBα degradation, they inhibited NFκB-dependent IκBα resynthesis, demonstrating that cytokine-induced NFκB activity is dependent on CK2. Both DRB and DMAT inhibited the constitutive phosphorylation of NFκB p65 at serine 529, while leaving cytokine-induced phosphorylations of NFκB p65 at serines 276 and 536 unaltered. In comparison, putative phosphorylation sites for CK2 on HDACs 1, 2, and 3 at serines 421/423, 394, and 424, respectively, which may stimulate NFκB transcriptional activity, were unchanged by cytokines and CK2 inhibitors. Whereas IL-1β and TNF-α stimulate IκBα degradation and NFκB activation, IFN-γ potentiates cytokine-induced β cell death through activation of STAT1. DRB and DMAT inhibited IFN-γ-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT1 at serine 727, while leaving IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 at tyrosine 701 unaffected. Inhibition of cytokine-induced β cell death by CK2 inhibitors was, however, not dependent on IFN-γ, and IFN-γ did not affect CK2-dependent IκBα turnover. In conclusion, it is suggested that cytokine-induced activation of NFκB in β cells is dependent on CK2 activity, which phosphorylates NFκB p65 at serine 529.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jaksch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Thams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsu WL, Ma YL, Hsieh DY, Liu YC, Lee EH. STAT1 negatively regulates spatial memory formation and mediates the memory-impairing effect of Aβ. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:746-58. [PMID: 24081304 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) has an important role in inflammation and the innate immune response, but its role in the central nervous system is less well understood. Here, we examined the role of STAT1 in spatial learning and memory, and assessed the involvement of STAT1 in mediating the memory-impairing effect of amyloid-beta (Aβ). We found that water maze training downregulated STAT1 expression in the rat hippocampal CA1 area, and spatial learning and memory function was enhanced in Stat1-knockout mice. Conversely, overexpression of STAT1 impaired water maze performance. STAT1 strongly upregulated the expression of the extracellular matrix protein laminin β1 (LB1), which also impaired water maze performance in rats. Furthermore, Aβ impaired spatial learning and memory in association with a dose-dependent increase in STAT1 and LB1 expression, but knockdown of STAT1 and LB1 both reversed this effect of Aβ. This Aβ-induced increase in STAT1 and LB1 expression was also associated with a decrease in the expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits, NR1, and NR2B. Overexpression of NR1 or NR2B or exogenous application of NMDA reversed Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits as well as Aβ-induced STAT1 and LB1 expression. Our results demonstrate that STAT1 negatively regulates spatial learning and memory through transcriptional regulation of LB1 expression. We also identified a novel mechanism for Aβ pathogenesis through STAT1 induction. Notably, impairment of spatial learning and memory by this STAT1-mediated mechanism is independent of cAMP responsive element-binding protein signaling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Verbsky JW, Chatila TA. Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) and IPEX-related disorders: an evolving web of heritable autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Pediatr 2013; 25:708-14. [PMID: 24240290 DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent progress in our understanding of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) and IPEX-related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS A number of Mendelian disorders of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity have been noted to result from defects in T regulatory cell, development and function. The best characterized of these is IPEX, resulting from mutations affecting FOXP3. A number of other gene defects that affect T regulatory cell function also give rise to IPEX-related phenotypes, including loss-of-function mutations in CD25, STAT5b and ITCH. Recent progress includes the identification of gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 as a cause of an IPEX-like disease, emerging FOXP3 genotype/phenotype relationships in IPEX, and the elucidation of a role for the microbiota in the immune dysregulation associated with regulatory T cell deficiency. SUMMARY An expanding spectrum of genetic defects that compromise T regulatory cell function underlies human disorders of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Collectively, these disorders offer novel insights into pathways of peripheral tolerance and their disruption in autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) underlying an increasing variety of superficial and invasive fungal infections. We also stress that the occurrence of such fungal infections should lead physicians to search for the corresponding single-gene inborn errors of immunity. Finally, we suggest that other fungal infections may also result from hitherto unknown inborn errors of immunity, at least in some patients with no known risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of PIDs are being shown to underlie fungal infectious diseases in children and young adults. Inborn errors of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex (chronic granulomatous disease), severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I confer a predisposition to invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis. More rarely, inborn errors of interferon-γ immunity underlie endemic mycoses. Inborn errors of interleukin-17 immunity have recently been shown to underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), while inborn errors of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) immunity underlie deep dermatophytosis and invasive candidiasis. SUMMARY CMC, invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis, deep dermatophytosis, pneumocystosis, and endemic mycoses can all be caused by PIDs. Each type of infection is highly suggestive of a specific type of PID. In the absence of overt risk factors, single-gene inborn errors of immunity should be sought in children and young adults with these and other fungal diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aspergillosis/genetics
- Aspergillosis/immunology
- Autoantibodies
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/genetics
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Susceptibility
- Female
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Male
- Mycoses/genetics
- Mycoses/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/genetics
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/immunology
- Risk Factors
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lanternier
- aLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U980 Necker Medical School, Imagine Institute and Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité bInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP and Paris Descartes University cPasteur Institute, National Reference Center of Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Paris, France dSt Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA eStudy Center for Immunodeficiency fPediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, AP-HP, and Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Feng D, Park O, Yin S, Gao B. Invariant NKT cell activation induces neutrophil accumulation and hepatitis: opposite regulation by IL-4 and IFN-γ. Hepatology 2013; 58:1474-85. [PMID: 23686838 PMCID: PMC3758807 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alpha-Galactosylceramide (α-Galcer), a specific agonist for invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, is being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of viral hepatitis and liver cancer. However, the results from α-Galcer treatment are mixed, partially because of the variety of cytokines produced by activated iNKT cells that have an unknown synergistic effect on the progression of liver disease. It is well documented that injection of α-Galcer induces mild hepatitis with a rapid elevation in the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and a delayed elevation in the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and both of these cytokines are thought to mediate many functions of iNKT cells. Surprisingly, genetic deletion of both IL-4 and IFN-γ aggravated, rather than abolished, α-Galcer-induced iNKT hepatitis. Moreover, genetic ablation of IL-4, the IL-4 receptor, or its downstream signaling molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 ameliorated α-Galcer-induced neutrophil infiltration, liver injury, and hepatitis. In contrast, genetic deletion of IFN-γ, the IFN-γ receptor, or its downstream signaling molecule STAT1 enhanced liver neutrophil accumulation, thereby exacerbating liver injury and hepatitis. Moreover, depletion of neutrophils eradicated α-Galcer-induced liver injury in wild-type, STAT1 knockout, and IFN-γ knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our results propose a model in which activated iNKT cells rapidly release IL-4, which promotes neutrophil survival and hepatitis but also sequentially produce IFN-γ, which acts in a negative feedback loop to ameliorate iNKT hepatitis by inducing neutrophil apoptosis. Thus, modification of iNKT production of IL-4 and IFN-γ may have the potential to improve the efficacy of α-Galcer in the treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD
| | - Shi Yin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bax HI, Freeman AF, Ding L, Hsu AP, Marciano B, Kristosturyan E, Jancel T, Spalding C, Pechacek J, Olivier KN, Barnhart LA, Boris L, Frein C, Claypool RJ, Anderson V, Zerbe CS, Holland SM, Sampaio EP. Interferon alpha treatment of patients with impaired interferon gamma signaling. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:991-1001. [PMID: 23512243 PMCID: PMC4136390 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with deficiency in the interferon gamma receptor (IFN-γR) are unable to respond properly to IFN-γ and develop severe infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). IFN-γ and IFN-α are known to signal through STAT1 and activate many downstream effector genes in common. Therefore, we added IFN-α for treatment of patients with disseminated mycobacterial disease in an effort to complement their IFN-γ signaling defect. We treated four patients with IFN-γR deficiency with adjunctive IFN-α therapy in addition to best available antimicrobial therapy, with or without IFN-γ, depending on the defect. During IFN-α treatment, ex vivo induction of IFN target genes was detected. In addition, IFN-α driven gene expression in patients' cells and mycobacteria induced cytokine response were observed in vitro. Clinical responses varied in these patients. IFN-α therapy was associated with either improvement or stabilization of disease. In no case was disease exacerbated. In patients with profoundly impaired IFN-γ signaling who have refractory infections, IFN-α may have adjunctive anti-mycobacterial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Bax
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, CRC B3-4233 MSC 1684, Bethesda, MD 20892-1684, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uzel G, Sampaio EP, Lawrence MG, Hsu AP, Hackett M, Dorsey MJ, Noel RJ, Verbsky JW, Freeman AF, Janssen E, Bonilla FA, Pechacek J, Chandrasekaran P, Browne SK, Agharahimi A, Gharib AM, Mannurita SC, Yim JJ, Gambineri E, Torgerson T, Tran DQ, Milner JD, Holland SM. Dominant gain-of-function STAT1 mutations in FOXP3 wild-type immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked-like syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1611-23. [PMID: 23534974 PMCID: PMC3672257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 cause a broad spectrum of disease, ranging from severe viral and bacterial infections (amorphic alleles) to mild disseminated mycobacterial disease (hypomorphic alleles) to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC; hypermorphic alleles). The hypermorphic mutations are also associated with arterial aneurysms, autoimmunity, and squamous cell cancers. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of STAT1 gain-of-function mutations in phenotypes other than CMC. METHODS We initially screened patients with CMC and autoimmunity for STAT1 mutations. We functionally characterized mutations in vitro and studied immune profiles and regulatory T (Treg) cells. After our initial case identifications, we explored 2 large cohorts of patients with wild-type forkhead box protein 3 and an immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked (IPEX)-like phenotype for STAT1 mutations. RESULTS We identified 5 children with polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and dermatitis reminiscent of IPEX syndrome; all but 1 had a variety of mucosal and disseminated fungal infections. All patients lacked forkhead box protein 3 mutations but had uniallelic STAT1 mutations (c.629 G>T, p.R210I; c.1073 T>G, p.L358W, c.796G>A; p.V266I; c.1154C>T, T385M [2 patients]). STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-21 was increased and prolonged. CD4(+) IL-17-producing T-cell numbers were diminished. All patients had normal Treg cell percentages in the CD4(+) T-cell compartment, and their function was intact in the 2 patients tested. Patients with cells available for study had normal levels of IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 can cause an IPEX-like phenotype with normal frequency and function of Treg cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA/metabolism
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Genes, Dominant
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-alpha/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukins/immunology
- Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis
- Intestinal Diseases/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Male
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/diagnosis
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/genetics
- Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/immunology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Syndrome
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- Interleukin-22
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth P. Sampaio
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Monica G. Lawrence
- Allergic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy P. Hsu
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary Hackett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Morna J. Dorsey
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Richard J. Noel
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - James W. Verbsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Gastroenterology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francisco A. Bonilla
- Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Pechacek
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sarah K. Browne
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anahita Agharahimi
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Support to Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Clinical Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Ahmed M. Gharib
- Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara C. Mannurita
- Department of Sciences for Woman and Child’s Health, “Anna Meyer” Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jae Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eleonora Gambineri
- Department of Sciences for Woman and Child’s Health, “Anna Meyer” Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Troy Torgerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dat Q. Tran
- Division of Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joshua D. Milner
- Allergic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Laboratories of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Galeotti N, Ghelardini C. Inhibition of the PKCγ-ε pathway relieves from meningeal nociception in an animal model: an innovative perspective for migraine therapy? Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:329-39. [PMID: 23055050 PMCID: PMC3625380 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is convincing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) may be a causative factor in the pathogenesis of migraine. We investigated the consequences of NO donors' administration on meningeal processes related to the development of migraine pain in an animal model of meningeal nociception. The administration in mice of the NO donors nitroglycerin (GTN) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) produced a delayed meningeal upregulation of interleukin-1ß and inducible NO synthase. A thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia devoid of side effects was produced 1 to 4 h after administration. To clarify the cellular pathways modulated by GTN and SNP, we examined the expression of cellular factors involved in pain modulation, such as protein kinase C (PKC) and its downstream effectors. Western blotting experiments showed an upregulation and increased phosphorylation of PKCγ and PKCε within dura mater after NO donors' administration. A dramatic PKC-dependent increase of the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 was observed, along with an activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, as reflected by a reduction of the inhibitory protein-κ-Bα (IκBα). Furthermore, the PKC blocker, Calphostin C, prevented the GTN and SNP-induced pain hypersensitivity. These results suggest the relevance of the PKC-mediated pathway in the induction of meningeal nociception and might help clarify the etiopathology of migraines. We can suggest PKC as a new target for migraine pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saini RK, Kaneko I, Jurutka PW, Forster R, Hsieh A, Hsieh JC, Haussler MR, Whitfield GK. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) regulation of fibroblast growth factor-23 expression in bone cells: evidence for primary and secondary mechanisms modulated by leptin and interleukin-6. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:339-53. [PMID: 23263654 PMCID: PMC3595337 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a circulating hormone that acts to correct hyperphosphatemic states by inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption and to prevent hypervitaminosis D by feedback repressing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) biosynthesis. FGF23 gene expression in the osteoblast/osteocyte is induced by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) bound to 1,25(OH)2D3, but cycloheximide sensitivity of this induction suggests that it may occur largely via secondary mechanisms requiring cooperating transcription factors. We therefore sought to identify 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated transcription factors that might impact FGF23 expression. Although neither leptin nor interleukin-6 (IL-6) alone affects FGF23 expression, leptin treatment was found to potentiate 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulation of FGF23 in UMR-106 cells, whereas IL-6 treatment blunted this upregulation. Genomic analyses revealed conserved binding sites for STATs (signal transduction mediators of leptin and IL-6 action) along with transcription factor ETS1 in human and other mammalian FGF23 genes. Further, STAT3, STAT1, ETS1, and VDR mRNAs were induced in a dose-dependent manner by 1,25(OH)2D3 in UMR-106 cells. Bioinformatic analysis identified nine potential VDREs in a genomic interval containing human FGF23. Six of the putative VDREs were capable of mediating direct transcriptional activation of a heterologous reporter gene when bound by a 1,25(OH)2D3-liganded VDR complex. A model is proposed wherein 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulates FGF23 production directly via multiple VDREs and indirectly via induction of STAT3, ETS1, and VDR transcription factors that are then activated via cell surface and intracellular signaling to cooperate in the induction of FGF23 through DNA looping and generation of euchromatin architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimpi K. Saini
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State, University, Phoenix, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State, University, Phoenix, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State, University, Phoenix, AZ 85306, USA. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ryan Forster
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Antony Hsieh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jui-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mark R. Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - G. Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maródi L, Cypowyj S, Tóth B, Chernyshova L, Puel A, Casanova JL. Molecular mechanisms of mucocutaneous immunity against Candida and Staphylococcus species. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1019-27. [PMID: 23040277 PMCID: PMC3703675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are key components of the innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogenic microorganisms. Recent research on primary immunodeficiency disorders and the identification of patients carrying germline mutations in STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5B have highlighted the role of human STATs in host defense against various viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Mutations in STAT1 and STAT3 disrupt various cytokine pathways that control mucocutaneous immunity against Candida species, especially Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus species, especially Staphylococcus aureus. Here we consider inborn errors of immunity arising from mutations in either STAT1 or STAT3 that affect mucocutaneous immunity to Candida and Staphylococcus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Maródi
- Department of Infectious and Pediatric Immunology, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Midura-Kiela MT, Radhakrishnan VM, Larmonier CB, Laubitz D, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Curcumin inhibits interferon-γ signaling in colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G85-96. [PMID: 22038826 PMCID: PMC3345961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferulolylmethane) is an anti-inflammatory phenolic compound found effective in preclinical models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and in ulcerative colitis patients. Pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its poor systemic bioavailability suggest that it targets preferentially intestinal epithelial cells. The intestinal epithelium, an essential component of the gut innate defense mechanisms, is profoundly affected by IFN-γ, which can disrupt the epithelial barrier function, prevent epithelial cell migration and wound healing, and prime epithelial cells to express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules and to serve as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells. In this report we demonstrate that curcumin inhibits IFN-γ signaling in human and mouse colonocytes. Curcumin inhibited IFN-γ-induced gene transcription, including CII-TA, MHC-II genes (HLA-DRα, HLA-DPα1, HLA-DRβ1), and T cell chemokines (CXCL9, 10, and 11). Acutely, curcumin inhibited Stat1 binding to the GAS cis-element, prevented Stat1 nuclear translocation, and reduced Jak1 phosphorylation and phosphorylation of Stat1 at Tyr(701). Longer exposure to curcumin led to endocytic internalization of IFNγRα followed by lysosomal fusion and degradation. In summary, curcumin acts as an IFN-γ signaling inhibitor in colonocytes with biphasic mechanisms of action, a phenomenon that may partially account for the beneficial effects of curcumin in experimental colitis and in human IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Laubitz
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center and ,2Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; and
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center and
| | - Pawel R. Kiela
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center and ,3Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jeong WI, Park O, Suh YG, Byun JS, Park SY, Choi E, Kim JK, Ko H, Wang H, Miller AM, Gao B. Suppression of innate immunity (natural killer cell/interferon-γ) in the advanced stages of liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2011; 53:1342-51. [PMID: 21480338 PMCID: PMC3079530 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of innate immunity (natural killer [NK] cell/interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) has been shown to play an important role in antiviral and antitumor defenses as well as antifibrogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation of innate immunity during chronic liver injury. Here, we compared the functions of NK cells in early and advanced liver fibrosis induced by a 2-week or a 10-week carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ) challenge, respectively. Injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or IFN-γ induced NK cell activation and NK cell killing of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the 2-week CCl(4) model. Such activation was diminished in the 10-week CCl(4) model. Consistent with these findings, the inhibitory effect of poly I:C and IFN-γ on liver fibrosis was markedly reduced in the 10-week versus the 2-week CCl(4) model. In vitro coculture experiments demonstrated that 4-day cultured (early activated) HSCs induce NK cell activation via an NK group 2 member D/retinoic acid-induced early gene 1-dependent mechanism. Such activation was reduced when cocultured with 8-day cultured (intermediately activated) HSCs due to the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) by HSCs. Moreover, early activated HSCs were sensitive, whereas intermediately activated HSCs were resistant to IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, likely due to elevated expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). Disruption of the SOCS1 gene restored the IFN-γ inhibition of cell proliferation in intermediately activated HSCs. Production of retinol metabolites by HSCs contributed to SOCS1 induction and subsequently inhibited IFN-γ signaling and functioning, whereas production of TGF-β by HSCs inhibited NK cell function and cytotoxicity against HSCs. CONCLUSION The antifibrogenic effects of NK cell/IFN-γ are suppressed during advanced liver injury, which is likely due to increased production of TGF-β and expression of SOCS1 in intermediately activated HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang-Gun Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Byun
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Earl Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ja-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Hyojin Ko
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew M. Miller
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feld JJ, Modi AA, El-Diwany R, Rotman Y, Thomas E, Koh C, Cherepanov V, Heller T, Ghany MG, Park Y, Hoofnagle JH, Liang TJ, Hoofnagle JH, Liang TJ. S-adenosyl methionine improves early viral responses and interferon-stimulated gene induction in hepatitis C nonresponders. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:830-9. [PMID: 20854821 PMCID: PMC3021477 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Less than half of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) achieve sustained viral clearance after pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin therapy. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) improves interferon signaling in cell culture. We assessed the effect of SAMe on the kinetics of the early antiviral response and interferon signaling in nonresponders to previous antiviral therapy and investigated the mechanisms involved. METHODS Nonresponders with HCV genotype 1 were given peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 2 weeks (course A, baseline/control). After 1 month, patients received SAMe (1600 mg daily) for 2 weeks and then peginterferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks (course B; completed by 21 of 24 patients). Viral kinetics and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared between courses. RESULTS The decrease in HCV RNA from 0 to 48 hours (phase 1) was similar with and without SAMe. However, the second phase slope of viral decline was improved with SAMe (course A, 0.11 ± 0.04 log(10) IU/mL/wk; course B, 0.27 ± 0.06; P = .009); 11 patients (53%) achieved an early virological response, and 10 (48%) had undetectable HCV RNA by week 24. Induction of ISGs in PBMCs was significantly greater during course B. In cultured cells, SAMe increased induction of ISGs and the antiviral effects of interferon by increasing STAT1 methylation, possibly affecting STAT1-DNA binding. CONCLUSIONS The addition of SAMe to peginterferon and ribavirin improves the early viral kinetics and increases ISG induction in nonresponders to previous therapy. SAMe might be a useful adjunct to peginterferon-based therapies in chronic HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Feld
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, Toronto Western Hospital Liver Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Apurva A. Modi
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Ramy El-Diwany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Vera Cherepanov
- Toronto Western Hospital Liver Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Marc G. Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Yoon Park
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Jay H. Hoofnagle
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - T. Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tai DJC, Hsu WL, Liu YC, Ma YL, Lee EHY. Novel role and mechanism of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 in spatial learning. EMBO J 2011; 30:205-20. [PMID: 21102409 PMCID: PMC3020114 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
By using differential display PCR, we have previously identified 98 cDNA fragments from rat dorsal hippocampus, which are expressed differentially between the fast learners and slow learners from water-maze learning task. One cDNA fragment, which showed a higher expression level in fast learners, encodes the rat protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (pias1) gene. Spatial training induced a significant increase in PIAS1 expression in rat hippocampus. Transient transfection of the wild-type (WT) PIAS1 plasmid to CA1 neurons facilitated, whereas transfection of PIAS1 siRNA impaired spatial learning in rats. Meanwhile, PIAS1WT increased STAT1 sumoylation, decreased STAT1 DNA binding and decreased STAT1 phosphorylation at Tyr-701 associated with spatial learning facilitation. But PIAS1 siRNA transfection produced an opposite effect on these measures associated with spatial learning impairment. Further, transfection of STAT1 sumoylation mutant impaired spatial acquisition, whereas transfection of STAT1 phosphorylation mutant blocked the impairing effect of PIAS1 siRNA on spatial learning. In this study, we first demonstrate the role of PIAS1 in spatial learning. Both posttranslational modifications (increased sumoylation and decreased phosphorylation) mediate the effect of PIAS1 on spatial learning facilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J C Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei L Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen C Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun L Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fujii H, Watanabe S, Yamane D, Ueda N, Iha K, Taniguchi S, Kato K, Tohya Y, Kyuwa S, Yoshikawa Y, Akashi H. Functional analysis of Rousettus aegyptiacus "signal transducer and activator of transcription 1" ( STAT1). Dev Comp Immunol 2010; 34:598-602. [PMID: 20067804 PMCID: PMC7103214 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bats are now known as the source of several diseases in humans, but few studies regarding immune responses and factors associated with bats have so far been reported. In this study, we focused on STAT1, one of the critical components in interferon (IFN)-signaling and antiviral activity, which is often targeted by viral proteins to reduce antiviral activity and increase viral replication. We found that Rousettus aegyptiacus STAT1 (bat STAT1) is phosphorylatable and translocates to the nucleus when stimulated with human IFN-alpha (hIFN-alpha). Furthermore, phosphorylation of bat STAT1 and inhibition of nuclear translocation was observed in IFN-stimulated cells infected with the HEP-Flury strain of rabies virus, in the same manner as in other mammals. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that bat STAT1 mRNA was highly expressed in the liver, while low in muscle and spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Fujii
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shumpei Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoya Ueda
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kato
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Tohya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kyuwa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Akashi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun L, Tian Z, Wang J. A direct cross-talk between interferon-gamma and sonic hedgehog signaling that leads to the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:220-8. [PMID: 19800966 PMCID: PMC2821661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity. Recent evidence suggests a connection between IFN-gamma signaling and the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway in the developing brain with CNS-targeted expression of IFN-gamma transgene in mice. To determine the relationship between these distinct pathways, we have found that IFN-gamma induces a rapid Shh transcription in cultured primary granular neuron precursor (GNP) cells. The transcriptional induction of Shh by IFN-gamma is resistant to protein synthesis inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis reveals a direct binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to the Shh promoter. Functional analyses, including dual immunofluorescent labeling with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation indicate that IFN-gamma treatment leads to significant GNP proliferation. This mitogenic effect of IFN-gamma is blocked by inhibition of Shh signaling. Therefore, Shh is an IFN-gamma target gene and is responsible for IFN-gamma-induced GNP proliferation. This previously unrecognized cross-talk between IFN-gamma and Shh highlights a potential importance of this immune mediator in the pathogenesis of human developmental and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Roth KM, Gunn JS, Lafuse W, Satoskar AR. Francisella inhibits STAT1-mediated signaling in macrophages and prevents activation of antigen-specific T cells. Int Immunol 2009; 21:19-28. [PMID: 19001470 PMCID: PMC2638840 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) signaling mediate most biological functions of IFNalpha, IFNbeta and IFNgamma although recent studies indicate that IFNgamma can alter expression of several genes via a STAT1-independent pathway. STAT1 is critical for immunity against a variety of intracellular pathogens and some studies show that pathogens evade host immunity by interfering with STAT1 signaling. Here, we have investigated the role of STAT1 in host defense against pulmonary Francisella novicida infection using STAT1-/- mice. In addition, we examined the effect of F. novicida on STAT1 signaling in macrophages and on their ability to activate antigen-specific T cells. Both wild-type (WT) and STAT1-/- BALB/c mice were susceptible to aerosol challenge with 10(3) F. novicida and displayed 100% mortality. However, STAT1-/- mice developed more severe pneumonia, liver pathology and succumbed to infection faster than WT mice. The lungs, liver and hearts from F. novicida-infected STAT1-/- mice also contained more bacteria than WT mice at the time of death. In vitro studies showed that F. novicida suppressed IFNgammaRalpha (alpha subunit of IFNgamma receptor) and MHC class II expression, down-regulated IFNgamma-induced STAT1 activation and reduced nuclear binding of STAT1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, F. novicida-infected BMDM loaded with ovalbumin (OVA) were less efficient in activating OVA-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro. These findings demonstrate that STAT1-mediated signaling participates in the host defense against pulmonary F. novicida infection but it is not sufficient to prevent mortality associated with this infection. Moreover, our results show that F. novicida attenuates STAT1-mediated IFNgamma signaling in macrophages and impairs their ability to activate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Roth
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen K, Zheng SS, Park O, Wang H, Sun Z, Gao B. Activation of innate immunity (NK/IFN-gamma) in rat allogeneic liver transplantation: contribution to liver injury and suppression of hepatocyte proliferation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G1070-7. [PMID: 18292182 PMCID: PMC2405895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00554.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is presently the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the mechanisms underlying liver injury and hepatocyte proliferation posttransplantation remain obscure. In this investigation, liver injury and hepatocyte proliferation in syngeneic and allogeneic animal models were compared. Male Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats were subjected to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Rat OLT was performed in syngeneic (Lewis-Lewis) and allogeneic (Lewis-DA or DA-Lewis) animal models. Allogeneic liver grafts exhibited greater injury and cellular apoptosis than syngeneic grafts but less hepatocyte proliferation after OLT. Expression of IFN-gamma mRNA and activation of the downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and genes (interferon regulatory factor-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CDKN1A)) were also greater in the allogeneic grafts compared with the syngeneic grafts. In contrast, STAT3 activation was lower in the allogeneic grafts. Furthermore, in the allogeneic grafts, depletion of natural killer (NK) cells decreased IFN-gamma/STAT1 activation but enhanced hepatocyte proliferation. These findings suggest that, compared with syngeneic transplantation, innate immunity (NK/IFN-gamma) is activated after allogeneic transplantation, which likely contributes to liver injury and inhibits hepatocyte proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China,Section on Liver Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Ogyi Park
- Section on Liver Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Section on Liver Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Section on Liver Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fang P, Hwa V, Little BM, Rosenfeld RG. IGFBP-3 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to interferon-gamma-induced apoptosis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:38-46. [PMID: 17719815 PMCID: PMC2704207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been shown to exhibit diverse biological actions, including IGF-independent effects on cell growth and cell death. Here we report that IGFBP-3 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. DESIGN The cell growth or cell death of prostate cells in response to the treatments of IGFBPs and/or IFN-gamma was measured, and the signaling pathways mediating these actions assessed. RESULTS Cell proliferation was minimally affected when M12 prostate cancer cells were treated with exogenous IGFBP-3 (1-5 microg/ml), IGFBP-1 (1-5 microg/ml) or IFN-gamma (20 U/ml). However, strong inhibition of cell growth and significant apoptosis were observed when M12 cells were co-treated with IGFBP-3 and IFN-gamma, but not with IGFBP-1 and IFN-gamma. These effects were IGF-independent and appear not to require intracellular localization of IGFBP-3, as similar results were obtained with mutants of IGFBP-3 that either could not bind IGF or has impaired ability to be internalized. Further analyses revealed that IGFBP-3, but not IGFBP-1, could significantly enhance the weak tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 induced by IFN-gamma (20 U/ml) alone. The IGFBP-3-promoted apoptosis in the presence of IFN-gamma could also be abrogated by blockade of the mTOR pathway with its pharmacological inhibitors, LY294002 or rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that in a cancer cell line not responsive to exogenous IGFBP-3 alone, IGFBP-3 sensitized the cells to the anti-proliferative, proapoptotic actions of IFN-gamma through an IGF-independent, STAT1- and mTOR-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Brian M. Little
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Ron G. Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
- Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zimmerer JM, Lesinski GB, Radmacher MD, Ruppert A, Carson WE. STAT1-dependent and STAT1-independent gene expression in murine immune cells following stimulation with interferon-alpha. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1845-52. [PMID: 17503042 PMCID: PMC11030667 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The precise molecular targets of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy of melanoma are unknown but likely involve signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signal transduction within host immune effector cells. We hypothesized that microarray analysis could be utilized to identify candidate molecular targets important for mediating the anti-tumor effect of exogenously administered IFN-alpha. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS To identify the STAT1-dependent genes regulated by IFN-alpha, the gene expression profile of splenocytes from wild type (WT) and STAT1(-/-) mice was characterized. RESULTS This analysis identified 30 genes that required STAT1 signal transduction for optimal expression in response to IFN-alpha (p < 0.001). These genes include granzyme b (Gzmb), interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7), Fas death domain-associated protein (Daxx), and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6c). The expression of 20 genes was found to be suppressed in the presence of STAT1 including chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), Ccl5, and Ccl7. Nineteen genes were significantly upregulated in murine splenocytes following treatment with IFN-alpha regardless of the presence of STAT1 including CD86, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A (Ly6a), and Tap binding protein (Tapbp). The expression of representative IFN-responsive genes was confirmed at the transcriptional level by Real Time PCR. CONCLUSION This report is the first to demonstrate that STAT1-mediated signal transduction plays a major role in the transcriptional response of murine immune cells to IFNalpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Zimmerer
- Integrated Biological Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Human Cancer Genetics Program Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Human Cancer Genetics Program Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Michael D. Radmacher
- Center for Biostastistics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Amy Ruppert
- Center for Biostastistics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - William E. Carson
- Human Cancer Genetics Program Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, N924 Doan Hall, 410 West 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao M, Flynt FL, Hong M, Chen H, Gilbert CA, Briley NT, Bolick SC, Wright KL, Piskurich JF. MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) expression is upregulated in multiple myeloma cells by IFN-gamma. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:2923-32. [PMID: 17300840 PMCID: PMC1892219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) acts in the cell nucleus as the master regulator of MHC class II (MHC II) gene expression. It is important to study CIITA regulation in multiple myeloma since MHC expression is central to ability of myeloma cells to present antigen and to the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy this malignancy. Regulation of CIITA by IFN-gamma in B lymphocytes occurs through the CIITA type IV promoter (pIV), one of the four potential promoters (pI-pIV) of this gene. To investigate regulation of CIITA by IFN-gamma in multiple myeloma cells, first the ability of these cells to respond to IFN-gamma was examined. RT-PCR analyses show that IFN-gammaR1, the IFN-gamma-binding chain of the IFN-gamma receptor, is expressed in myeloma cells and IRF-1 expression increases in response to IFN-gamma treatment. Western blotting demonstrates that STAT1 is activated by phosphorylation in response to IFN-gamma. RT-PCR and functional promoter analyses show that IFN-gamma upregulates the activity of CIITA pIV, as does ectopic expression of IRF-1 or IRF-2. In vivo protein/DNA binding studies demonstrate protein binding at the GAS, E box and IRF-E sites. In vitro studies confirm the binding of IRF-1 and IRF-2 to CIITA pIV. Although multiple myeloma cells express PRDI-BF1/Blimp-1, a factor that represses both the CIITA type III and IV promoters, they retain the capability to upregulate CIITA pIV and MHC II expression in response to IFN-gamma treatment. These findings are the first to demonstrate that although PRDI-BF1/Blimp-1 diminishes the constitutive ability of these cells to present antigen by limiting CIITA and MHC II expression, it is possible to enhance this expression through the use of cytokines, like IFN-gamma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojun Zhao
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College Street, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lesinski GB, Valentino D, Hade EM, Jones S, Magro C, Chaudhury AR, Walker MJ, Carson WE. Expression of STAT1 and STAT2 in malignant melanoma does not correlate with response to interferon-alpha adjuvant therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:815-25. [PMID: 15668815 PMCID: PMC11032810 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is used as an adjuvant therapy in patients with malignant melanoma and who have undergone surgical resection of high-risk lesions. Defective expression or activation of STAT1 or STAT2 has been shown to correlate with IFN-alpha or resistance in vitro; however, recent data from our laboratory suggest that the anti-tumor effects of IFN-alpha are dependent on STAT1 signaling within host immune cells. We measured STAT1 and STAT2 expression in 28 melanoma biopsies (8 cutaneous lesions; 1 lung metastasis; 19 nodal metastases) obtained from patients prior to the initiation of adjuvant IFN-alpha therapy. Disease recurrence following IFN-alpha treatment did not correlate with the staining intensity of either STAT1 (P = 0.61) or STAT2 (P = 0.52). Tumors with minimal STAT1 or STAT2 expression (< 20% positive) were present in four patients with tumor-positive lymph nodes, who exhibited prolonged relapse-free survival (> 44 months) following adjuvant therapy. Conversely, high levels of STAT1 were present in a patient who recurred during the course of IFN-alpha therapy. A case study of one patient who experienced recurrent disease during IFN-alpha treatment revealed that STAT1 levels were greater in the recurrent tumor when compared to the original lesion. These studies provide direct evidence to suggest that levels of STAT1 and STAT2 within the tumor do not influence a patient's response to adjuvant IFN-alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B. Lesinski
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Daniel Valentino
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Erinn M. Hade
- Center for Biostatistics, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Susie Jones
- Department of Pathology, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Cynthia Magro
- Department of Pathology, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Abhik Ray Chaudhury
- Department of Pathology, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Michael J. Walker
- Department of Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - William E. Carson
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, N924 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Cytokine-dependent gene transcription greatly depends on the tyrosine phosphorylation ("activation") of Stat proteins at the cell membrane. This rapidly leads to their accumulation in the nucleus by an unknown mechanism. We performed microinjections of recombinant Stat1 protein to show that nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated Stat1 can occur without cytokine stimulation of cells. Microinjection of Stat1 antibody and treatment of cells with kinase or phosphatase inhibitors revealed that nuclear accumulation is a highly dynamic process sustained by Stat1 nucleocytoplasmic cycling and continuous kinase activity. By characterizing nuclear accumulation mutants, it is demonstrated that nuclear import and nuclear retention are two separate steps leading up to nuclear accumulation, with nonspecific DNA binding of activated Stat1 being sufficient for nuclear retention. Critical for nuclear buildup of Stat1 and the subsequent nuclear export is the point of time of tyrosine dephosphorylation, because our data indicate that activated Stat1 is incapable of leaving the nucleus and requires dephosphorylation to do so. It is demonstrated that the inactivation of Stat1 is controlled by its exchange reaction with DNA, whereby DNA binding protects Stat1 from dephosphorylation in a sequence-specific manner. Thus, during nuclear accumulation, a surprisingly simple mechanism integrates central aspects of cytokine-dependent gene regulation, for example, receptor monitoring, promoter occupancy, and transcription factor inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- Abteilung Zelluläre Signalverarbeitung, Freie Universität Berlin, Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The effector cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) may play a role in T cell homeostasis. We have examined the requirement for IFN-gamma in one mechanism that regulates T cell expansion and survival, activation-induced cell death (AICD). CD4(+) T cells lacking IFN-gamma or the Stat1 transcription factor are resistant to AICD. IFN-gamma is required for the production of caspases, and retrovirus-mediated expression of caspase-8 restores the sensitivity of Stat1-deficient T cells to AICD. In vitro, IFN-gamma limits the expansion of T cells that are stimulated through their antigen receptors. Thus, IFN-gamma may function to control the expansion and persistence of T cells by promoting caspase-8-dependent apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Refaeli
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee CK, Gimeno R, Levy DE. Differential regulation of constitutive major histocompatibility complex class I expression in T and B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1451-64. [PMID: 10562320 PMCID: PMC2195695 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.10.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/1999] [Accepted: 09/10/1999] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens are constitutively expressed yet highly induced by interferon (IFN) during inflammation. We found that not only IFN-induced but also normal basal expression of MHC I required IFN receptors and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, providing genetic evidence for continuous IFN signaling. Surprisingly, an IFN-independent requirement for STAT1 was also found, specifically in T lymphocytes, where MHC class I expression was not fully accounted for by IFN signaling. This IFN-independent pathway maintained tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 in T but not B lymphocytes even in the absence of IFN receptors. Interestingly, interleukin (IL)-7 selectively activated STAT1 and induced MHC class I in mature T but not B cells. These loss of function studies demonstrate an essential role of endogenous IFN and activated STAT1 for constitutive MHC class I expression in normal mice and define IL-7-dependent but IFN-independent regulation of STAT1 restricted to T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Kuo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ramon Gimeno
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - David E. Levy
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Burke F, Smith PD, Crompton MR, Upton C, Balkwill FR. Cytotoxic response of ovarian cancer cell lines to IFN-gamma is associated with sustained induction of IRF-1 and p21 mRNA. Br J Cancer 1999; 80:1236-44. [PMID: 10376977 PMCID: PMC2362378 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has some anti-tumour activity in human ovarian cancer. This cytokine inhibited proliferation in three of four ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. We then compared the action of IFN-gamma in two cell lines, one sensitive and one resistant to its growth inhibitory effects. IFN-gamma signalling appeared normal in both cell lines, with stat1 DNA binding activity detectable at 30 min. Continuous exposure to IFN-gamma for 2-3 days was necessary for an irreversible effect on cell growth and apoptosis in cells sensitive to growth inhibition. During this time there was an increase in mRNA for the CKI p21, but no alterations in mRNA levels for other members of the CKI family. Maintenance of p21 mRNA required continuous mRNA synthesis. mRNA for the transcription factor IRF-1 was also induced in growth inhibited cells with similar kinetics to those observed for p21. Maximal induction of both p21 and IRF-1 mRNA was observed after 2-3 days IFN-gamma exposure as the cells became committed to cell death. There was also a rapid increase in p21 and IRF-1 mRNA in cells resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of IFN-gamma, but this increase was not maintained. Thus, continuous interaction with the IFN-gamma receptor, together with a sustained induction of p21 and IRF-1, is associated with growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of IFN-gamma in ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Burke
- Biological Therapies Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|