1
|
Snieckute G, Ryder L, Vind AC, Wu Z, Arendrup FS, Stoneley M, Chamois S, Martinez-Val A, Leleu M, Dreos R, Russell A, Gay DM, Genzor AV, Choi BSY, Basse AL, Sass F, Dall M, Dollet LCM, Blasius M, Willis AE, Lund AH, Treebak JT, Olsen JV, Poulsen SS, Pownall ME, Jensen BAH, Clemmensen C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Gatfield D, Bekker-Jensen S. ROS-induced ribosome impairment underlies ZAKα-mediated metabolic decline in obesity and aging. Science 2023; 382:eadf3208. [PMID: 38060659 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The ribotoxic stress response (RSR) is a signaling pathway in which the p38- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-activating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) ZAKα senses stalling and/or collision of ribosomes. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating agents trigger ribosomal impairment and ZAKα activation. Conversely, zebrafish larvae deficient for ZAKα are protected from ROS-induced pathology. Livers of mice fed a ROS-generating diet exhibit ZAKα-activating changes in ribosomal elongation dynamics. Highlighting a role for the RSR in metabolic regulation, ZAK-knockout mice are protected from developing high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet-induced blood glucose intolerance and liver steatosis. Finally, ZAK ablation slows animals from developing the hallmarks of metabolic aging. Our work highlights ROS-induced ribosomal impairment as a physiological activation signal for ZAKα that underlies metabolic adaptation in obesity and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goda Snieckute
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Ryder
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Constance Vind
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mark Stoneley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Sébastien Chamois
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Martinez-Val
- Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Proteomics, Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marion Leleu
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Dreos
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - David Michael Gay
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aitana Victoria Genzor
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatrice So-Yun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Linde Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederike Sass
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucile Chantal Marie Dollet
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Blasius
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Velgaard Olsen
- Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Proteomics, Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen Seier Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Gatfield
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of microRNA (miR)-145 on cardiac fibrosis in heart failure mice and its target. METHODS Experiments were carried out in mice receiving left coronary artery ligation, transverse aortic constriction (TAC), or angiotensin (Ang) II to trigger heart failure, and in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) with Ang II-induced fibrosis. RESULTS The miR-145 levels were decreased in the mice hearts of heart failure induced by myocardial infarction (MI), TAC or Ang II infusion, and in the Ang II-treated CFs. The impaired cardiac function was ameliorated by miR-145 agomiR in MI mice. The increased fibrosis and the levels of collagen I, collagen III, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in MI mice were inhibited by miR-145 agomiR or miR-145 transgene (TG). The agomiR of miR-145 also attenuated the increases of collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β in Ang II-treated CFs. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) was a direct target gene of miR-145. MAP3K3 expression was suppressed by MiR-145 in CFs, while the MAP3K3 over-expression reversed the inhibiting effects of miR-145 agomiR on the Ang II-induced increases of collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β in CFs. CONCLUSION These results indicated that miR-145 upregulation could improve cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting MAP3K3 in heart failure. Thus, upregulating miR-145 or blocking MAP3K3 can be used to treat heart failure and cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Pediatric Department, Shanghai General Hospital, No.650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201600, Songjiang District, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huo R, Yang Y, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Zhao S, Mo Z, Xu H, Wang J, Weng J, Jiao Y, Zhang J, He Q, Wang S, Zhao J, Wang J, Cao Y. Endothelial hyperactivation of mutant MAP3K3 induces cerebral cavernous malformation enhanced by PIK3CA GOF mutation. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:295-312. [PMID: 36719480 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) refer to a common vascular abnormality that affects up to 0.5% of the population. A somatic gain-of-function mutation in MAP3K3 (p.I441M) was recently reported in sporadic CCMs, frequently accompanied by somatic activating PIK3CA mutations in diseased endothelium. However, the molecular mechanisms of these driver genes remain elusive. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction to analyze CCM lesions and the matched blood from sporadic patients. 44 of 94 cases harbored mutations in KRIT1/CCM2 or MAP3K3, of which 75% were accompanied by PIK3CA mutations (P = 0.006). AAV-BR1-mediated brain endothelial-specific MAP3K3I441M overexpression induced CCM-like lesions throughout the brain and spinal cord in adolescent mice. Interestingly, over half of lesions disappeared at adulthood. Single-cell RNA sequencing found significant enrichment of the apoptosis pathway in a subset of brain endothelial cells in MAP3K3I441M mice compared to controls. We then demonstrated that MAP3K3I441M overexpression activated p38 signaling that is associated with the apoptosis of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the mice simultaneously overexpressing PIK3CA and MAP3K3 mutations had an increased number of CCM-like lesions and maintained these lesions for a longer time compared to those with only MAP3K3I441M. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that activating PI3K signaling increased proliferation and alleviated apoptosis of endothelial cells. By using AAV-BR1, we found that MAP3K3I441M mutation can provoke CCM-like lesions in mice and the activation of PI3K signaling significantly enhances and maintains these lesions, providing a preclinical model for the further mechanistic and therapeutic study of CCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxi Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingfan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhou
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zongchao Mo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancong Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119S Fourth Ring Rd W, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Z, Wang L, Guo R, Pang D, Wang W, Wu Y, Wei N, Li J, Tu P. XJ-8, a natural compound isolated from Sanguis draxonis, inhibits platelet function and thrombosis by targeting MAP3K3. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:605-618. [PMID: 34780114 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular injury initiates rapid platelet activation, which is critical for haemostasis, while it also causes fatal thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVES To study the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of XJ-8, a natural compound isolated from Sanguis draxonis, on platelet activation and thrombosis. METHODS The regulatory effects of XJ-8 on the dense granule release, thromboxane A2 (TxA2 ) synthesis, α-granule release, activation of integrin αIIbβ3, and aggregation of platelets induced by multiple agonists were investigated in in vitro experiments. The effects of XJ-8 on bleeding time and FeCl3 -induced carotid artery thrombosis were also evaluated in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanisms by which XJ-8 exerted its pharmacological effects. RESULTS XJ-8 not only significantly inhibited the dense granule release, TxA2 synthesis, and aggregation of platelets induced by multiple agonists, but also exerted extending effects on bleeding time and therapeutic effects on thrombotic disease. In addition, XJ-8 selectively and moderately inhibited the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) and the activation of signalling pathways downstream MAP3K3, which play important roles in platelet activation. CONCLUSION XJ-8 can inhibit platelet function and thrombosis by targeting MAP3K3 and has potential to be developed into a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Daoran Pang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stoll K, Bergmann M, Spiliotis M, Brehm K. A MEKK1 - JNK mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) cascade module is active in Echinococcus multilocularis stem cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010027. [PMID: 34879059 PMCID: PMC8687709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metacestode larval stage of the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis by tumour-like growth within the liver of the intermediate host. Metacestode growth and development is stimulated by host-derived cytokines such as insulin, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor via activation of cognate receptor tyrosine kinases expressed by the parasite. Little is known, however, concerning signal transmission to the parasite nucleus and cross-reaction with other parasite signalling systems. Methodology/Principal findings Using bioinformatic approaches, cloning, and yeast two-hybrid analyses we identified a novel mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) cascade module that consists of E. multilocularis orthologs of the tyrosine kinase receptor interactor Growth factor receptor-bound 2, EmGrb2, the MAPK kinase kinase EmMEKK1, a novel MAPK kinase, EmMKK3, and a close homolog to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), EmMPK3. Whole mount in situ hybridization analyses indicated that EmMEKK1 and EmMPK3 are both expressed in E. multilocularis germinative (stem) cells but also in differentiated or differentiating cells. Treatment with the known JNK inhibitor SP600125 led to a significantly reduced formation of metacestode vesicles from stem cells and to a specific reduction of proliferating stem cells in mature metacestode vesicles. Conclusions/Significance We provide evidence for the expression of a MEKK1-JNK MAPK cascade module which, in mammals, is crucially involved in stress responses, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and apoptosis, in E. multilocularis stem cells. Inhibitor studies indicate an important role of JNK signalling in E. multilocularis stem cell survival and/or maintenance. Our data are relevant for molecular and cellular studies into crosstalk signalling mechanisms that govern Echinococcus stem cell function and introduce the JNK signalling cascade as a possible target of chemotherapeutics against echinococcosis. The metacestode larva of the tapeworm E. multilocularis grows infiltrative, like a malignant tumour, within the liver of the host thus causing the lethal disease alveolar echinococcosis. Previous work established that the metacestode senses signals of host hormones and cytokines by expressing surface receptors that share high homology with respective host receptors. However, little is known how these signals are transmitted from the parasite cell surface to the nucleus to alter gene expression. In this work, the authors present a module of several protein kinases that typically transmit cytokine signals from surface receptors to central regulators called mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). The authors demonstrate that this module is active in parasite stem cells, which drive the development of metacestode larva. They also show that inhibitors directed against one component of the module, EmMPK3, affect maintenance and/or survival of stem cells in the metacestode and prevent the formation of metacestode larva from parasite cell cultures. This information facilitates molecular and cellular studies to unravel the complex signalling network that regulate Echinococcus stem cell proliferation in response to host signals. Furthermore, these data could open new ways of anti-parasitic chemotherapy by introducing EmMPK3 as a possible drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stoll
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Bergmann
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Spiliotis
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang C, Shi J, Wang J, Hao D, An J, Jiang J. Circ_0006988 promotes the proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by modulating miR-491-5p/MAP3K3 axis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1334-1346. [PMID: 34189997 PMCID: PMC8331010 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1941612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are related to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the roles and mechanism of circ_0006988 are largely unknown. The levels of circ_0006988, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Class A Domain Containing 3 (LDLRAD3), microRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 3 (MAP3K3) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot assay. The characteristic of circ_0006988 was analyzed by RNase R assay and Actinomycin D assay. Functional analyses were processed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, transwell assay, wound-healing assay and tube formation assay. The interactions between circ_0006988 and miR-491-5p as well as miR-491-5p and MAP3K3 were analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Murine xenograft model assay was processed to verify the function of circ_0006988 in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was conducted to examine the level of Ki67. Circ_0006988 abundance was increased in NSCLC tissues and cells. Circ_0006988 silencing restrained NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, and induced apoptosis. Circ_0006988 sponged miR-491-5p, which directly targeted MAP3K3. MiR-491-5p overexpression repressed NSCLC cell malignant behaviors. MiR-491-5p downregulation or MAP3K3 overexpression reversed the effect of circ_0006988 silencing on NSCLC cell progression. In addition, circ_0006988 knockdown reduced xenograft tumor growth. ssCirc_0006988 contributed to the development of NSCLC by miR-491-5p/MAP3K3 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dexun Hao
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlu An
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junguang Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren AA, Snellings DA, Su YS, Hong CC, Castro M, Tang AT, Detter MR, Hobson N, Girard R, Romanos S, Lightle R, Moore T, Shenkar R, Benavides C, Beaman MM, Müller-Fielitz H, Chen M, Mericko P, Yang J, Sung DC, Lawton MT, Ruppert JM, Schwaninger M, Körbelin J, Potente M, Awad IA, Marchuk DA, Kahn ML. PIK3CA and CCM mutations fuel cavernomas through a cancer-like mechanism. Nature 2021; 594:271-276. [PMID: 33910229 PMCID: PMC8626098 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular malformations are thought to be monogenic disorders that result in dysregulated growth of blood vessels. In the brain, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) arise owing to inactivation of the endothelial CCM protein complex, which is required to dampen the activity of the kinase MEKK31-4. Environmental factors can explain differences in the natural history of CCMs between individuals5, but why single CCMs often exhibit sudden, rapid growth, culminating in strokes or seizures, is unknown. Here we show that growth of CCMs requires increased signalling through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mTOR pathway as well as loss of function of the CCM complex. We identify somatic gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA and loss-of-function mutations in the CCM complex in the same cells in a majority of human CCMs. Using mouse models, we show that growth of CCMs requires both PI3K gain of function and CCM loss of function in endothelial cells, and that both CCM loss of function and increased expression of the transcription factor KLF4 (a downstream effector of MEKK3) augment mTOR signalling in endothelial cells. Consistent with these findings, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin effectively blocks the formation of CCMs in mouse models. We establish a three-hit mechanism analogous to cancer, in which aggressive vascular malformations arise through the loss of vascular 'suppressor genes' that constrain vessel growth and gain of a vascular 'oncogene' that stimulates excess vessel growth. These findings suggest that aggressive CCMs could be treated using clinically approved mTORC1 inhibitors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gain of Function Mutation
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/blood supply
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/genetics
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/pathology
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Loss of Function Mutation
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Male
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen A Ren
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Snellings
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yourong S Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney C Hong
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Castro
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alan T Tang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew R Detter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharbel Romanos
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Benavides
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Makenzie Beaman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Mericko
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek C Sung
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh SP, Thomason PA, Lilla S, Schaks M, Tang Q, Goode BL, Machesky LM, Rottner K, Insall RH. Cell-substrate adhesion drives Scar/WAVE activation and phosphorylation by a Ste20-family kinase, which controls pseudopod lifetime. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000774. [PMID: 32745097 PMCID: PMC7425996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Scar/WAVE complex is the principal catalyst of pseudopod and lamellipod formation. Here we show that Scar/WAVE's proline-rich domain is polyphosphorylated after the complex is activated. Blocking Scar/WAVE activation stops phosphorylation in both Dictyostelium and mammalian cells, implying that phosphorylation modulates pseudopods after they have been formed, rather than controlling whether they are initiated. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation is not promoted by chemotactic signaling but is greatly stimulated by cell:substrate adhesion and diminished when cells deadhere. Phosphorylation-deficient or phosphomimetic Scar/WAVE mutants are both normally functional and rescue the phenotype of knockout cells, demonstrating that phosphorylation is dispensable for activation and actin regulation. However, pseudopods and patches of phosphorylation-deficient Scar/WAVE last substantially longer in mutants, altering the dynamics and size of pseudopods and lamellipods and thus changing migration speed. Scar/WAVE phosphorylation does not require ERK2 in Dictyostelium or mammalian cells. However, the MAPKKK homologue SepA contributes substantially-sepA mutants have less steady-state phosphorylation, which does not increase in response to adhesion. The mutants also behave similarly to cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient Scar, with longer-lived pseudopods and patches of Scar recruitment. We conclude that pseudopod engagement with substratum is more important than extracellular signals at regulating Scar/WAVE's activity and that phosphorylation acts as a pseudopod timer by promoting Scar/WAVE turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Schaks
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany & Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qing Tang
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Goode
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Klemens Rottner
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany & Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert H. Insall
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan P, He L, Xing C, Mao J, Yu X, Zhu M, Diao L, Han L, Zhou Y, You MJ, Wang HY, Wang RF. Myeloid loss of Beclin 1 promotes PD-L1hi precursor B cell lymphoma development. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5261-5277. [PMID: 31503548 PMCID: PMC6877338 DOI: 10.1172/jci127721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1 (Becn1) is a key molecule in the autophagy pathway and has been implicated in cancer development. Due to the embryonic lethality of homozygous Becn1-deficient mice, the precise mechanisms and cell type-specific roles of Becn1 in regulating inflammation and cancer immunity remain elusive. Here, we report that myeloid-deficient Becn1 (Becn1ΔM) mice developed neutrophilia, were hypersusceptible to LPS-induced septic shock, and had a high risk of developing spontaneous precursor B cell (pre-B cell) lymphoma with elevated expression of immunosuppressive molecules programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and IL-10. Becn1 deficiency resulted in the stabilization of MEKK3 and aberrant p38 activation in neutrophils, and mediated neutrophil-B cell interaction through Cxcl9/Cxcr3 chemotaxis. Neutrophil-B cell interplay further led to the activation of IL-21/STAT3/IRF1 and CD40L/ERK signaling and PD-L1 expression; therefore, it suppressed CD8+ T cell function. Ablation of p38 in Becn1ΔM mice prevented neutrophil inflammation and B cell tumorigenesis. Importantly, the low expression of Becn1 in human neutrophils was significantly correlated with the PD-L1 levels in pre-B acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL) patients. Our findings have identified myeloid Becn1 as a key regulator of cancer immunity and therapeutic target for pre-B cell lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lian He
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingrong Mao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M. James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi JP, Wang R, Yang X, Wang X, Wang L, Ting KK, Foley M, Cogger V, Yang Z, Liu F, Han Z, Liu R, Baell J, Zheng X. Ponatinib (AP24534) inhibits MEKK3-KLF signaling and prevents formation and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaau0731. [PMID: 30417093 PMCID: PMC6221540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a common cerebrovascular disease that can occur sporadically or be inherited. They are major causes of stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and neurological deficits in the younger population. Loss-of-function mutations in three genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, have been identified as the cause of human CCMs. Currently, no drug is available to treat CCM disease. Hyperactive mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase Kinase 3 (MEKK3) kinase signaling as a consequence of loss of CCM genes is an underlying cause of CCM lesion development. Using a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved kinase inhibitor library combined with virtual modeling and biochemical and cellular assays, we have identified a clinically approved small compound, ponatinib, that is capable of inhibiting MEKK3 activity and normalizing expression of downstream kruppel-like factor (KLF) target genes. Treatment with this compound in neonatal mouse models of CCM can prevent the formation of new CCM lesions and reduce the growth of already formed lesions. At the ultracellular level, ponatinib can normalize the flattening and disorganization of the endothelium caused by CCM deficiency. Collectively, our study demonstrates ponatinib as a novel compound that may prevent CCM initiation and progression in mouse models through inhibition of MEKK3-KLF signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung P. Choi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- Centre for the Endothelium, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Matthew Foley
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Victoria Cogger
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Han
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renjing Liu
- Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li S, Pinard M, Wang Y, Yang L, Lin R, Hiscott J, Su B, Brodt P. Crosstalk between the TNF and IGF pathways enhances NF-κB activation and signaling in cancer cells. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:253-261. [PMID: 26239406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for type I insulin like growth factor (IGF-IR) and NFκB signaling both play essential roles in cancer initiation and progression but relatively little is known about possible crosstalk between these pathways. We have shown that the IGF-IR could rescue lung and colon carcinoma cells from Tumor necrosis factor -α (ΤΝF-α)-induced apoptosis by activating autocrine, pro-survival IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling, suggesting that IGF-IR expression could alter NF-κB signaling that is required for transcriptional activation of IL-6. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to determine if and how IGF-IR signaling promotes TNF-α-induced NFκB activation. DESIGN We used lung carcinoma M-27 and colon carcinoma MC-38 cells to investigate IGF-IR-induced changes to the IKK/IκBα/NFκB pathway by a combination of qPCR, Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a reporter assay and gene silencing. RESULTS We show that in the presence of increased IGF-IR expression or activation levels, nuclear translocation of NFκB in response to TNF-α was enhanced in lung and colon carcinoma cells and this was due to accelerated phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. This effect was AKT-dependent and mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3(MEKK3) activation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that ligand-mediated activation of IGF-IR alters NF-κB signaling in cancer cells in an AKT/MEKK3-dependent manner and that temporal aspects of NF-κB activation can regulate the cytokine profile of the tumor cells and thereby, their interaction with the microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinard
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Yunling Wang
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Long Yang
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - John Hiscott
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Bing Su
- Dept of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fisher OS, Deng H, Liu D, Zhang Y, Wei R, Deng Y, Zhang F, Louvi A, Turk BE, Boggon TJ, Su B. Structure and vascular function of MEKK3-cerebral cavernous malformations 2 complex. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7937. [PMID: 26235885 PMCID: PMC4526114 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations 2 (CCM2) loss is associated with the familial form of CCM disease. The protein kinase MEKK3 (MAP3K3) is essential for embryonic angiogenesis in mice and interacts physically with CCM2, but how this interaction is mediated and its relevance to cerebral vasculature are unknown. Here we report that Mekk3 plays an intrinsic role in embryonic vascular development. Inducible endothelial Mekk3 knockout in neonatal mice is lethal due to multiple intracranial haemorrhages and brain blood vessels leakage. We discover direct interaction between CCM2 harmonin homology domain (HHD) and the N terminus of MEKK3, and determine a 2.35 Å cocrystal structure. We find Mekk3 deficiency impairs neurovascular integrity, which is partially dependent on Rho-ROCK signalling, and that disruption of MEKK3:CCM2 interaction leads to similar neurovascular leakage. We conclude that CCM2:MEKK3-mediated regulation of Rho signalling is required for maintenance of neurovascular integrity, unravelling a mechanism by which CCM2 loss leads to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana S. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Hanqiang Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dou Liu
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Hou Y, Deng K, Zhang Y, Wang DC, Ding J. Structural Insights into the Molecular Recognition between Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 2 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 3. Structure 2015; 23:1087-96. [PMID: 25982527 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation 2 (CCM2) functions as an adaptor protein implicated in various biological processes. By interacting with the mitogen-activated protein kinase MEKK3, CCM2 either mediates the activation of MEKK3 signaling in response to osmotic stress or negatively regulates MEKK3 signaling, which is important for normal cardiovascular development. However, the molecular basis governing CCM2-MEKK3 interaction is largely unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of the CCM2 C-terminal part (CCM2ct) containing both the five-helix domain (CCM2cts) and the following C-terminal tail. The end of the C-terminal tail forms an isolated helix, which interacts intramolecularly with CCM2cts. By biochemical studies we identified the N-terminal amphiphilic helix of MEKK3 (MEKK3-nhelix) as the essential structural element for CCM2ct binding. We further determined the crystal structure of CCM2cts-MEKK3-nhelix complex, in which MEKK3-nhelix binds to the same site of CCM2cts for CCM2ct intramolecular interaction. These findings build a structural framework for understanding CCM2ct-MEKK3 molecular recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Deng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Couto JA, Vivero MP, Kozakewich HPW, Taghinia AH, Mulliken JB, Warman ML, Greene AK. A somatic MAP3K3 mutation is associated with verrucous venous malformation. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:480-6. [PMID: 25728774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Verrucous venous malformation (VVM), also called "verrucous hemangioma," is a non-hereditary, congenital, vascular anomaly comprised of aberrant clusters of malformed dermal venule-like channels underlying hyperkeratotic skin. We tested the hypothesis that VVM lesions arise as a consequence of a somatic mutation. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on VVM tissue from six unrelated individuals and looked for somatic mutations affecting the same gene in specimens from multiple persons. We observed mosaicism for a missense mutation (NM_002401.3, c.1323C>G; NP_002392, p.Iso441Met) in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) in three of six individuals. We confirmed the presence of this mutation via droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in the three subjects and found the mutation in three additional specimens from another four participants. Mutant allele frequencies ranged from 6% to 19% in affected tissue. We did not observe this mutant allele in unaffected tissue or in affected tissue from individuals with other types of vascular anomalies. Studies using global and conditional Map3k3 knockout mice have previously implicated MAP3K3 in vascular development. MAP3K3 dysfunction probably causes VVM in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Couto
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew P Vivero
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harry P W Kozakewich
- Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir H Taghinia
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John B Mulliken
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arin K Greene
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cato A, Celada L, Kibakaya EC, Simmons N, Whalen MM. Brominated flame retardants, tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane, activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in human natural killer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:345-60. [PMID: 25341744 PMCID: PMC4246052 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells provide a vital surveillance against virally infected cells, tumor cells, and antibody-coated cells through the release of cytolytic mediators and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant used primarily in expanded (EPS) and extruded (XPS) polystyrene foams for thermal insulation in the building and construction industry. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is used both as a reactive and an additive flame retardant in a variety of materials. HBCD and TBBPA contaminate the environment and are found in human blood samples. In previous studies, we have shown that other environmental contaminants, such as the dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT), decrease NK lytic function by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the NK cells. HBCD and TBBPA also interfere with NK cell(s) lytic function. The current study evaluates whether HBCD and/or TBBPA have the capacity to activate MAPKs and MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks). The effects of concentrations of HBCD and TBBPA that inhibited lytic function on the phosphorylation state and total levels of the MAPKs (p44/42, p38, and JNK) and the phosphorylation and total levels of the MAP2Ks (MEK1/2 and MKK3/6) were examined. Results indicate that exposure of human NK cells to 10-0.5 μM HBCD or TBBPA activate MAPKs and MAP2Ks. This HBCD and TBBPA-induced activation of MAPKs may leave them unavailable for activation by virally infected or tumor target cells and thus contributes to the observed decreases in lytic function seen in NK cells exposed to HBCD and TBBPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | - Lindsay Celada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | | | - Nadia Simmons
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | - Margaret M. Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spicarova D, Adamek P, Kalynovska N, Mrozkova P, Palecek J. TRPV1 receptor inhibition decreases CCL2-induced hyperalgesia. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:75-84. [PMID: 24495396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission in the spinal cord is implicated in the development and maintenance of several pathological pain states. The chemokine CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2) was shown to be an important factor in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. In our experiments we have studied the effect of CCL2 application and TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) receptor activation on nociceptive signaling and the modulation of synaptic transmission. Intrathecal drug application in behavioral experiments and patch-clamp recordings of spontaneous, miniature and dorsal root stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs, mEPSCs, eEPSCs) from superficial dorsal horn neurons in acute rat spinal cord slices were used. The intrathecal application of CCL2 induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, while pretreatment with the TRPV1 receptor antagonist SB366791 diminished the thermal but not the mechanical hypersensitivity. Patch-clamp experiments showed an increase of sEPSC and mEPSC (124.5 ± 12.8% and 161.2 ± 17.3%, respectively) frequency in dorsal horn neurons after acute CCL2 application. This CCL2-induced increase was prevented by SB366791 pretreatment (89.4 ± 6.0%, 107.5 ± 14.2%). CCL2 application increased the amplitude of eEPSCs (188.1 ± 32.1%); this increase was significantly lower in experiments with SB366791 pretreatment (120.8 ± 17.2%). Our results demonstrate that the activation of spinal TRPV1 receptors plays an important role in the modulation of nociceptive signaling induced by CCL2 application. The mechanisms of cooperation between the CCL2 activated receptors and TRPV1 receptors on the central branches of primary afferent fibers may be especially important during different pathological pain states and need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Spicarova
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Adamek
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Nataliia Kalynovska
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Mrozkova
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Palecek
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Zhang F, Chen F, Liu D, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Dong C, Su B. MEKK3 regulates IFN-gamma production in T cells through the Rac1/2-dependent MAPK cascades. J Immunol 2011; 186:5791-800. [PMID: 21471448 PMCID: PMC3833674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MEKK3 is a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase belonging to the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. MEKK3 is constitutively expressed in T cells, but its function in T cell immunity has not been fully elucidated. Using Mekk3 T cell conditional knockout (T-cKO) mice, we show that MEKK3 is required for T cell immunity in vivo. Mekk3 T-cKO mice had reduced T cell response to bacterial infection and were defective in clearing bacterial infections. The Ag-induced cytokine production, especially IFN-γ production, was impaired in Mekk3-deficient CD4 T cells. The TCR-induced ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPKs activation was also defective in Mekk3-deficient CD4 T cells. In vitro, MEKK3 is not required for Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Notably, under a nonpolarizing condition (Th0), Mekk3 deficiency led to a significant reduction of IFN-γ production in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, the IL-12/IL-18-driven IFN-γ production and MAPK activation in Mekk3-deficient T cells was not affected suggesting that MEKK3 may selectively mediate the TCR-induced MAPK signals for IFN-γ production. Finally, we found that MEKK3 activation by TCR stimulation requires Rac1/2. Taken together, our study reveals a specific role of MEKK3 in mediating the TCR signals for IFN-γ production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fanping Chen
- Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dou Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yi Zheng
- Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Small molecule kinase inhibitors are important tools for studying cellular signaling pathways, phenotypes and are, occasionally, useful clinical agents. With stereochemistry pervasive throughout the molecules of life it is no surprise that a single stereocenter can bestow a ligand with distinct binding affinities to various protein targets. While the majority of small molecule kinase inhibitors reported to date are achiral, a number of asymmetric compounds show great utility as tools for probing kinase-associated biomolecular events as well as promising therapeutic leads. The mechanism by which chirality is introduced varies but includes screening of chiral libraries, incorporation of chiral centers during optimization efforts and the rational installation of a chiral moiety as guided by structural and modeling efforts. Here we discuss several advanced chiral small molecule kinase inhibitors where stereochemistry plays an important role in terms of potency and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-kang Jiang
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Min Shen
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Mathew B. Boxer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Konno H, Yamamoto T, Yamazaki K, Gohda J, Akiyama T, Semba K, Goto H, Kato A, Yujiri T, Imai T, Kawaguchi Y, Su B, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Inoue JI. TRAF6 establishes innate immune responses by activating NF-kappaB and IRF7 upon sensing cytosolic viral RNA and DNA. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5674. [PMID: 19479062 PMCID: PMC2682567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In response to viral infection, the innate immune system recognizes viral nucleic acids and then induces production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs). Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 detect viral RNA and DNA, respectively, in endosomal compartments, leading to the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. During such TLR signaling, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is essential for the activation of NF-κB and the production of type I IFN. In contrast, RIG-like helicases (RLHs), cytosolic RNA sensors, are indispensable for antiviral responses in conventional dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. However, the contribution of TRAF6 to the detection of cytosolic viral nucleic acids has been controversial, and the involvement of TRAF6 in IRF activation has not been adequately addressed. Principal Findings Here we first show that TRAF6 plays a critical role in RLH signaling. The absence of TRAF6 resulted in enhanced viral replication and a significant reduction in the production of IL-6 and type I IFNs after infection with RNA virus. Activation of NF-κB and IRF7, but not that of IRF3, was significantly impaired during RLH signaling in the absence of TRAF6. TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and MEKK3, whose activation by TRAF6 during TLR signaling is involved in NF-κB activation, were not essential for RLH-mediated NF-κB activation. We also demonstrate that TRAF6-deficiency impaired cytosolic DNA-induced antiviral responses, and this impairment was due to defective activation of NF-κB and IRF7. Conclusions/Significance Thus, TRAF6 mediates antiviral responses triggered by cytosolic viral DNA and RNA in a way that differs from that associated with TLR signaling. Given its essential role in signaling by various receptors involved in the acquired immune system, TRAF6 represents a key molecule in innate and antigen-specific immune responses against viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Konno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Yamazaki
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Gohda
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Goto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yujiri
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Plun-Favreau H, Klupsch K, Moisoi N, Gandhi S, Kjaer S, Frith D, Harvey K, Deas E, Harvey RJ, McDonald N, Wood NW, Martins LM, Downward J. The mitochondrial protease HtrA2 is regulated by Parkinson's disease-associated kinase PINK1. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:1243-52. [PMID: 17906618 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mice, targeted deletion of the serine protease HtrA2 (also known as Omi) causes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a neurodegenerative disorder with parkinsonian features. In humans, point mutations in HtrA2 are a susceptibility factor for Parkinson's disease (PARK13 locus). Mutations in PINK1, a putative mitochondrial protein kinase, are associated with the PARK6 autosomal recessive locus for susceptibility to early-onset Parkinson's disease. Here we determine that HtrA2 interacts with PINK1 and that both are components of the same stress-sensing pathway. HtrA2 is phosphorylated on activation of the p38 pathway, occurring in a PINK1-dependent manner at a residue adjacent to a position found mutated in patients with Parkinson's disease. HtrA2 phosphorylation is decreased in brains of patients with Parkinson's disease carrying mutations in PINK1. We suggest that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of HtrA2 might modulate its proteolytic activity, thereby contributing to an increased resistance of cells to mitochondrial stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Plun-Favreau
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hilder TL, Malone MH, Bencharit S, Colicelli J, Haystead TA, Johnson GL, Wu CC. Proteomic identification of the cerebral cavernous malformation signaling complex. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:4343-55. [PMID: 17900104 DOI: 10.1021/pr0704276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are sporadic or inherited vascular lesions of the central nervous system characterized by dilated, thin-walled, leaky vessels. Linkage studies have mapped autosomal dominant mutations to three loci: ccm1 (KRIT1), ccm2 (OSM), and ccm3 (PDCD10). All three proteins appear to be scaffolds or adaptor proteins, as no enzymatic function can be attributed to them. Our previous results demonstrated that OSM is a scaffold for the assembly of the GTPase Rac and the MAPK kinase kinase MEKK3, for the hyperosmotic stress-dependent activation of p38 MAPK. Herein, we show that the three CCM proteins are members of a larger signaling complex. To define this complex, epitope-tagged wild type OSM or OSM harboring the mutation of F217-->A, which renders the OSM phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain unable to bind KRIT1, were stably introduced into RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. FLAG-OSM or FLAG-OSMF217A and the associated complex members were purified by immunoprecipitation using anti-FLAG antibody. OSM binding partners were identified by gel-based methods combined with electrospray ionization-MS or by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Previously identified proteins that associate with OSM including KRIT1, MEKK3, Rac, and the KRIT1-binding protein ICAP-1 were found in the immunoprecipitates. In addition, we show for the first time that PDCD10 binds to OSM and is found in cellular CCM complexes. Other prominent proteins that bound the CCM complex include EF1A1, RIN2, and tubulin, with each interaction disrupted with the OSMF217A mutant protein. We further show that PDCD10 binds phosphatidylinositol di- and triphosphates and OSM binds phosphatidylinositol monophosphates. The findings define the targeting of the CCM complex to membranes and to proteins regulating trafficking and the cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Hilder
- Department of Pharmacology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, CB #7365, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ishida M, Ichihara M, Mii S, Jijiwa M, Asai N, Enomoto A, Kato T, Majima A, Ping J, Murakumo Y, Takahashi M. Sprouty2 regulates growth and differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells through RET tyrosine kinase. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:815-21. [PMID: 17388787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sprouty (SPRY) family of proteins includes important regulators of downstream signaling initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. In the present study, we investigated the role of SPRY proteins in intracellular signaling via the RET receptor tyrosine kinase activated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Expression of SPRY1, SPRY2, SPRY3 and SPRY4 in HEK293T cells transfected with RET and GDNF receptor family alpha1 (GFRalpha1) genes significantly reduced sustained ERK activation as well as ELK-1 activation. Because expression of SPRY2 was efficiently induced by GDNF in TGW human neuroblastoma cells expressing RET and GFRalpha1, we further investigated the role of SPRY2 in the growth and differentiation of TGW cells. Expression of wild-type SPRY2 (WT-SPRY2) decreased the growth of TGW cells. In contrast, expression of a dominant negative form of SPRY2 (MT-SPRY2, with a mutated tyrosine residue) enhanced cell proliferation. In addition, expression of WT-SPRY2 reduced GDNF-dependent neurite outgrowth of TGW cells, whereas expression of MT-SPRY2 enhanced it. Taken together, our results suggest that SPRY2 regulates GDNF-dependent proliferation and differentiation of TGW neuroblastoma cells mediated by RET tyrosine kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ishida
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Mrfovs; Technology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamasaki S, Sakata-Sogawa K, Hasegawa A, Suzuki T, Kabu K, Sato E, Kurosaki T, Yamashita S, Tokunaga M, Nishida K, Hirano T. Zinc is a novel intracellular second messenger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:637-45. [PMID: 17502426 PMCID: PMC2064209 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200702081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element required for enzymatic activity and for maintaining the conformation of many transcription factors; thus, zinc homeostasis is tightly regulated. Although zinc affects several signaling molecules and may act as a neurotransmitter, it remains unknown whether zinc acts as an intracellular second messenger capable of transducing extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling events. In this study, we report that the cross-linking of the high affinity immunoglobin E receptor (Fcɛ receptor I [FcɛRI]) induced a release of free zinc from the perinuclear area, including the endoplasmic reticulum in mast cells, a phenomenon we call the zinc wave. The zinc wave was dependent on calcium influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase activation. The results suggest that the zinc wave is involved in intracellular signaling events, at least in part by modulating the duration and strength of FcɛRI-mediated signaling. Collectively, our findings indicate that zinc is a novel intracellular second messenger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Cytokine Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Otkjaer K, Kragballe K, Johansen C, Funding AT, Just H, Jensen UB, Sørensen LG, Nørby PL, Clausen JT, Iversen L. IL-20 gene expression is induced by IL-1beta through mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB-dependent mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1326-36. [PMID: 17255956 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-20 is a novel member of the IL-10 cytokine family with pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge of what triggers and regulates IL-20 gene expression is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of IL-20 expression in cultured normal human keratinocytes. The expression of IL-20 was rapidly induced by proinflammatory stimuli, in particular IL-1beta, IL-6, and UVB irradiation. Using kinase inhibitors and small-interfering RNA, we discovered that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as inhibitory kappaB kinase-NF-kappaB signaling pathways are crucial for IL-20 expression. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay two kappaB-binding sites were identified upstream from the start codon in the IL-20 gene. Supershift analysis revealed binding of the p50/p65 heterodimer. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK was shown to exert its effects on IL-20 expression through activation of the downstream kinase mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1), indicating transactivation of NF-kappaB driven IL-20 messenger RNA transcription as an important mechanism of action. IL-20 is assumed to be a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and possibly cancer, and therefore the p38 MAPK, MSK1, and NF-kappaB may be important new molecular targets for the modulation of IL-20 expression in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Otkjaer
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qin J, Yao J, Cui G, Xiao H, Kim TW, Fraczek J, Wightman P, Sato S, Akira S, Puel A, Casanova JL, Su B, Li X. TLR8-mediated NF-kappaB and JNK activation are TAK1-independent and MEKK3-dependent. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:21013-21021. [PMID: 16737960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512908200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR8-mediated NF-kappaB and IRF7 activation are abolished in human IRAK-deficient 293 cells and IRAK4-deficient fibroblast cells. Both wild-type and kinase-inactive mutants of IRAK and IRAK4, respectively, restored TLR8-mediated NF-kappaB and IRF7 activation in the IRAK- and IRAK4-deficient cells, indicating that the kinase activity of IRAK and IRAK4 is probably redundant for TLR8-mediated signaling. We recently found that TLR8 mediates a unique NF-kappaB activation pathway in human 293 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, accompanied only by IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and not IkappaBalpha degradation, whereas interleukin (IL)-1 stimulation causes both IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. The intermediate signaling events mediated by IL-1 (including IRAK modifications and degradation and TAK1 activation) were not detected in cells stimulated by TLR8 ligands. TLR8 ligands trigger similar levels of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB and JNK activation in TAK1(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) as compared with wild-type MEFs, whereas lack of TAK1 results in reduced IL-1-mediated NF-kappaB activation and abolished IL-1-induced JNK activation. The above results indicate that although TLR8-mediated NF-kappaB and JNK activation are IRAK-dependent, they do not require IRAK modification and are TAK1-independent. On the other hand, TLR8-mediated IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, NF-kappaB, and JNK activation are completely abolished in MEKK3(-/-) MEFs, whereas IL-1-mediated signaling was only moderately reduced in these deficient MEFs as compared with wild-type cells. The differences between IL-1R- and TLR8-mediated NF-kappaB activation are also reflected at the level of IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. TLR8 ligands induced IKKgamma phosphorylation, whereas IKKalpha/beta phosphorylation and IKKgamma ubiquitination that can be induced by IL-1 were not detected in cells treated with TLR8 ligands. We postulate that TLR8-mediated MEKK3-dependent IKKgamma phosphorylation might play an important role in the activation of IKK complex, leading to IkappaBalpha phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Qin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jianhong Yao
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Grace Cui
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Tae Whan Kim
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jerzy Fraczek
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Shintaro Sato
- Osaka University, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Osaka University, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, Paris 75015, France
| | - Bing Su
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Padda R, Wamsley-Davis A, Gustin MC, Ross R, Yu C, Sheikh-Hamad D. MEKK3-mediated signaling to p38 kinase and TonE in hypertonically stressed kidney cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F874-81. [PMID: 16684924 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00377.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades contain a trio of kinases, MAPK kinase kinase (MKKK) --> MAPK kinase (MKK) --> MAPK, that mediate a variety of cellular responses to different signals including hypertonicity. The signaling response to hypertonicity is conserved across evolution from yeast to mammals in that it involves activation of p38/SAPK. However, very little is known about which upstream protein kinases mediate activation of p38 by hypertonicity in mammals. The MKKKs, MEKK3 and MEKK4, are upstream regulators of p38 in many cells. To investigate these signaling proteins as potential activators of p38 in the hypertonicity response, we generated stably transfected MDCK cells that express activated versions of MEKK3 or MEKK4, utilized RNA interference to deplete MEKK3, and employed pharmacological inhibition of p38 kinase. MEKK3-transfected cells demonstrated increased betaine transporter (BGT1) mRNA levels and upregulated tonicity enhancer (TonE)-driven luciferase activity under isotonic (basal) and hypertonic conditions compared with empty vector-transfected controls; small-interference RNA-mediated depletion of MEKK3 downregulated the activity of p38 kinase and decreased the expression of BGT1 mRNA. p38 Kinase inhibition abolished the effects of MEKK3 activation on BGT1 induction. In contrast, the response to hypertonicity in MEKK4-kA-transfected cells was similar to that observed in empty vector-transfected controls. Our data are consistent with the existence of an input from MEKK3 -->--> p38 kinase -->--> TonE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Padda
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fritz A, Brayer KJ, McCormick N, Adams DG, Wadzinski BE, Vaillancourt RR. Phosphorylation of Serine 526 Is Required for MEKK3 Activity, and Association with 14-3-3 Blocks Dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:6236-45. [PMID: 16407301 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509249200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) that functions upstream of the MAP kinases and IkappaB kinase. Phosphorylation is believed to be a critical component for MEKK3-dependent signal transduction, but little is known about the phosphorylation sites of this MAP3K. To address this question, point mutations were introduced in the activation loop (T-loop), substituting alanine for serine or threonine, and the mutants were transfected into HEK293 Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen cells. MEKK3-dependent activation of an NF-kappaB reporter gene as well as ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases correlated with a requirement for serine at position 526. Constitutively active mutants of MEKK3, consisting of S526D and S526E, were capable of activating a NF-kappaB luciferase reporter gene as well as ERK and MEK, suggesting that a negative charge at Ser526 was necessary for MEKK3 activity and implicating Ser526 as a phosphorylation site. An antibody was developed that specifically recognized phospho-Ser526 of MEKK3 but did not recognize the S526A point mutant. The catalytically inactive (K391M) mutant of MEKK3 was not phosphorylated at Ser526, indicating that phosphorylation of Ser526 occurs via autophosphorylation. Endogenous MEKK3 was phosphorylated on Ser526 in response to osmotic stress. In addition, phosphorylation of Ser526 was required for MKK6 phosphorylation in vitro, whereas dephosphorylation of Ser526 was mediated by protein phosphatase 2A and sensitive to okadaic acid and sodium fluoride. Finally, the association between MEKK3 and 14-3-3 was dependent on Ser526 and prevented dephosphorylation of Ser526. In summary, Ser526 of MEKK3 is an autophosphorylation site within the T-loop that is regulated by PP2A and 14-3-3 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fritz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Seyfried J, Wang X, Kharebava G, Tournier C. A novel mitogen-activated protein kinase docking site in the N terminus of MEK5alpha organizes the components of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:9820-8. [PMID: 16260599 PMCID: PMC1280269 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.22.9820-9828.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The alternative splicing of the mek5 gene gives rise to two isoforms. MEK5beta lacks an extended N terminus present in MEK5alpha. Comparison of their activities led us to identify a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) docking site in the N terminus of MEK5alpha that is distinct from the consensus motif identified in the other MAPK kinases. It consists of a cluster of acidic residues at position 61 and positions 63 to 66. The formation of the MEK5/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) complex is critical for MEK5 to activate ERK5, to increase transcription via MEF2, and to enhance cellular survival in response to osmotic stress. Certain mutations in the ERK5 docking site that prevent MEK5/ERK5 interaction also abrogate the ability of MEKK2 to bind and activate MEK5. However, the identification of MEK5alpha mutants with selective binding defect demonstrates that the MEK5/ERK5 interaction does not rely on the binding of MEK5alpha to MEKK2 via their respective PB1 domains. Altogether these results establish that the N terminus of MEK5alpha is critical for the specific organization of the components of the ERK5 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Seyfried
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang D, Facchinetti V, Wang X, Huang Q, Qin J, Su B. Identification of MEKK2/3 serine phosphorylation site targeted by the Toll-like receptor and stress pathways. EMBO J 2005; 25:97-107. [PMID: 16362041 PMCID: PMC1356356 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family are crucial for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and cellular stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the TLR- and cellular stress-mediated MAP3K activation remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a key regulatory phosphorylation site, serine 519 and serine 526, in MAP3K MEKK2 and MEKK3, respectively. Mutation of this serine to an alanine severely impaired MEKK2/3 activation. We generated an anti-p-MEKK2/3 antibody and used this antibody to demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide induced MEKK2 and MEKK3 phosphorylation on their regulatory serine. We found that the serine phosphorylation was crucial for TLR-induced interleukin 6 production and this process is regulated by TRAF6, a key adaptor molecule for the TLR pathway. We further demonstrated that many, but not all, MAPK agonists induced the regulatory serine phosphorylation, suggesting an involvement of different MAP3Ks in activation of the MAPK cascades leading to different cellular responses. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism for MEKK2/3 activation by the TLR and cellular stress pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valeria Facchinetti
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiaojia Huang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 178, Houston, TX 77030-1903, USA. Tel.: +1 713 563 3218; Fax: +1 713 563 3357; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abbasi S, Su B, Kellems RE, Yang J, Xia Y. The Essential Role of MEKK3 Signaling in Angiotensin II-induced Calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells Activation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:36737-46. [PMID: 16126726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506493200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that plays a critical role in many physiologic processes, such as T-cell activation, apoptosis, skeletal myocyte differentiation, and cardiac hypertrophy. We determined that active MEKK3 was capable of activating calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling in cardiac myocytes and reprogramming cardiac gene expression. In contrast, small interference RNA directed against MEKK3 and a dominant negative form of MEKK3 caused the reduction of NFAT activation in response to angiotensin II in cardiac myocytes. Genetic studies showed that MEKK3-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts failed to activate calcineurin/NFAT in response to angiotensin II, a potent NFAT activator. Conversely, restoring MEKK3 to the MEKK3-deficient cells restored angiotensin II-mediated calcineurin/NFAT activation. We determined that angiotensin II induced MEKK3 phosphorylation. Thus, MEKK3 functions downstream of the AT1 receptor and is essential for calcineurin/NFAT activation. Finally, we determined that MEKK3-mediated activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling was associated with the phosphorylation of modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein 1 at Ser(108) and Ser(112). Taken together, our studies reveal a previously unrecognized novel essential regulatory role of MEKK3 signaling in calcineurin/NFAT activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Blonska M, Shambharkar PB, Kobayashi M, Zhang D, Sakurai H, Su B, Lin X. TAK1 is recruited to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor 1 complex in a receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-dependent manner and cooperates with MEKK3 leading to NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:43056-63. [PMID: 16260783 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507807200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) plays a critical role in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation and subsequent activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. However, the molecular mechanism by which RIP mediates TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation is not completely defined. In this study, we have found that TAK1 is recruited to the TNF-alpha receptor complex in a RIP-dependent manner following the stimulation of TNF-alpha receptor 1 (TNF-R1). Moreover, a forced recruitment of TAK1 to TNF-R1 in the absence of RIP is sufficient to mediate TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, indicating that the major function of RIP is to recruit its downstream kinases to the TNF-R1 complex. Interestingly, we also find that TAK1 and MEKK3 form a functional complex, in which TAK1 regulates autophosphorylation of MEKK3. The TAK1-mediated regulation of MEKK3 phosphorylation is dependent on the kinase activity of TAK1. Although TAK1-MEKK3 interaction is not affected by overexpressed TAB1, TAB1 is required for TAK1 activation and subsequent MEKK3 phosphorylation. Together, we conclude that TAK1 is recruited to the TNF-R1 complex via RIP and likely cooperates with MEKK3 to activate NF-kappaB in TNF-alpha signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Channavajhala PL, Rao VR, Spaulding V, Lin LL, Zhang YG. hKSR-2 inhibits MEKK3-activated MAP kinase and NF-kappaB pathways in inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 334:1214-8. [PMID: 16039990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Kinase suppressor of ras (KSR) and MEKK3 (MAP kinase kinase kinase) are integral members of the MAP kinase pathway. We have recently identified a new isoform of the KSR family named human kinase suppressor of ras-2 (hKSR-2), and demonstrated that hKSR-2 negatively regulates Cot, a MAP3K family member which is important in inflammation and oncogenesis [P.L. Channavajhala, L. Wu, J.W. Cuozzo, J.P. Hall, W. Liu, L.L. Lin, Y. Zhang, J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 47089-47097]. In this report, we provide evidence that hKSR-2 also regulates the activity of MEKK3 (another MAP3K family member) in HEK-293T cells. We demonstrate that hKSR-2 is a negative regulator of MEKK3-mediated activation of MAP kinase (specifically ERK and JNK) and NF-kappaB pathways, and concurrently inhibits MEKK3-mediated interleukin-8 production. We find that while hKSR-2 blocks MEKK3 activation, it has little to no effect on other members of the MAP3K family, including MEKK4, TAK1, and Ras-Raf, suggesting that its effects are selective.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sohn MH, Lee KE, Choi SY, Kwon BC, Chang MW, Kim KE. Effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae lysate on interleukin-8 gene expression in human respiratory epithelial cells. Chest 2005; 128:322-6. [PMID: 16002953 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.1.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of lower respiratory disease. Several studies have suggested that respiratory infection by M pneumoniae is associated with reactive airway disease and asthma. Interleukin (IL)-8 has been suggested to have a role in the pathogenesis of the allergic inflammation of bronchial asthma, and is well known to be expressed in bronchial epithelial cells. MEASUREMENTS An examination was carried out into the effect of M pneumoniae lysate (MPL) and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on IL-8 expression in human lung epithelial cells. A549 cells were seeded at a density of 5 x 10(4) cells per well and incubated in basal medium for a further 24 h. IL-8 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAPK phosphorylation was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS In A549 cells, MPL induced IL-8 release in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with PD 98059, which blocks the activation of MAPK/ERK kinase 1, inhibited MPL-induced IL-8 production by 64.4% at 25 micromol/L. Stimulation of A549 cells by MPL also caused an increase in the activity of ERK, compared with the nonstimulated cells. The MPL stimulation had no effect on the activities of p38. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that activation of ERK by MPL may be one of the mechanisms that result in an increase of the production of IL-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Youngdong Severance Hospital, PO Box 1217, Seoul 135-270, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by a plethora of stimuli. The literature is filled with papers describing the activation of different MAPKs by almost any stimulus or insult imaginable to cells. In this review, we use signal transduction wiring diagrams to illustrate putative upstream regulators for the MAPK kinase kinases, MEKK1, 2, and 3. Targeted gene disruption of MEKK1, 2, or 3 defined phenotypes for each MEKK associated with loss of specific MAPK regulation. Genetic analysis of MEKK function clearly defines specific components of the wiring diagram that require MEKK1, 2, or 3 for physiological responses. We propose that signal transduction network wiring diagrams are valuable tools for hypothesis building and filtering physiologically relevant phenotypic responses from less connected protein relations in the regulation of MAPK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Uhlik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 1108 Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB# 7365, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Blonska M, You Y, Geleziunas R, Lin X. Restoration of NF-kappaB activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor complex-targeted MEKK3 in receptor-interacting protein-deficient cells. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:10757-65. [PMID: 15572679 PMCID: PMC533972 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.24.10757-10765.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) plays a critical role in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation. However, the mechanism by which RIP mediates TNF-alpha-induced signal transduction is not fully understood. In this study, we reconstituted RIP-deficient Jurkat T cells with a fusion protein composed of full-length MEKK3 and the death domain of RIP (MEKK3-DD). In these cells, MEKK3-DD substitutes for RIP and directly associates with TRADD in TNF receptor complexes following TNF-alpha stimulation. We found that TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation was fully restored by MEKK3-DD in these cells. In contrast, expression of a fusion protein composed of NEMO, a component of the IkappaB kinase complex, and the death domain of RIP (NEMO-DD) cannot restore TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in RIP-deficient cells. These results indicate that the role of RIP is to specifically recruit MEKK3 to the TNF-alpha receptor complex, whereas the forced recruitment of NEMO to the TNF-alpha receptor complex is insufficient for TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. Although MEKK2 has a high degree of homology with MEKK3, MEKK2-DD, unlike MEKK3-DD, also fails to restore TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in RIP-deficient cells, indicating that RIP-dependent recruitment of MEKK3 plays a specific role in TNF-alpha signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|