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Xue Y, Song T, Ke J, Lin S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Wang J, Fan Q, Chen F. MG53 protects against Coxsackievirus B3-induced acute viral myocarditis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116173. [PMID: 38552849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death mediated by NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is a critical pathogenic process in acute viral myocarditis (AVMC). Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is predominantly expressed in myocardial tissues and has been reported to exert cardioprotective effects through multiple pathways. Herein, we aimed to investigate the biological function of MG53 in AVMC and its underlying regulatory mechanism in pyroptosis. BALB/c mice and HL-1 cells were infected with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to establish animal and cellular models of AVMC. As inflammation progressed in the myocardium, we found a progressive decrease in myocardial MG53 expression, accompanied by a significant enhancement of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. MG53 overexpression significantly alleviated myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial damage, thereby improving cardiac dysfunction in AVMC mice. Moreover, MG53 overexpression inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/18) release, and suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway activation both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, MG53 knockdown reduced cell viability, facilitated cell pyroptosis, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines release in CVB3-infected HL-1 cells by promoting NF-κB activation. These effects were partially reversed by applying the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. In conclusion, our results suggest that MG53 acts as a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in CVB3-induced AVMC, partially by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. MG53 is a promising candidate for clinical applications in AVMC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Xue
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianjiao Song
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shirong Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiuyun Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yimei Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaolian Fan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Chen QY, Jiang YN, Guan X, Ren FF, Wu SJ, Chu MP, Wu LP, Lai TF, Li L. Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Myocardial Remodeling and Myocardial Inflammation via Upregulating miR-574-3p in Mice. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e010569. [PMID: 38410978 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training can promote cardiac rehabilitation, thereby reducing cardiovascular disease mortality and hospitalization rates. MicroRNAs (miRs) are closely related to heart disease, among which miR-574-3p plays an important role in myocardial remodeling, but its role in exercise-mediated cardioprotection is still unclear. METHODS A mouse myocardial hypertrophy model was established by transverse aortic coarctation, and a 4-week swimming exercise training was performed 1 week after the operation. After swimming training, echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function in mice, and histopathologic staining was used to detect cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac inflammation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of miR-574-3p and cardiac hypertrophy markers. Western blotting detected the IL-6 (interleukin-6)/JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling pathway. RESULTS Echocardiography and histochemical staining found that aerobic exercise significantly improved pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy (n=6), myocardial interstitial fibrosis (n=6), and cardiac inflammation (n=6). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detection showed that aerobic exercise upregulated the expression level of miR-574-3p (n=6). After specific knockdown of miR-574-3p in mouse hearts with adeno-associated virus 9 using cardiac troponin T promoter, we found that the protective effect of exercise training on the heart was significantly reversed. Echocardiography and histopathologic staining showed that inhibiting the expression of miR-574-3p could partially block the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function (n=6), cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (n=6), and myocardial fibrosis (n=6). Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining showed that the inhibitory effects of aerobic exercise on the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway and cardiac inflammation were partially abolished after miR-574-3p knockdown. Furthermore, we also found that miR-574-3p exerts cardioprotective effects in cardiomyocytes by targeting IL-6 (n=3). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise protects cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation induced by pressure overload by upregulating miR-574-3p and inhibiting the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Yi-Na Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Xuan Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Fang-Fang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Shu-Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Mao-Ping Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Lian-Pin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Teng-Fang Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Laboratory of the Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Baise, China (T.-F.L)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
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Sun B, Lin L, Yao T, Yao J, Zhang G, Li Y, Li C. Jingfang Granule mitigates Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocardial damage by modulating mucolipin 1 expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117396. [PMID: 37951374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jingfang Granules (JFG) originate from the traditional herbal formula Jingfang Baidu powder. It has the effects of inducing sweating and dispelling wind. It is a classic medication used for treating external pathogenic factors and viral diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism of JFG for viral myocarditis needs further clarification. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of JFG on coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis (VMC), along with the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57 BL/6JNifdc mice were divided randomly into several groups: control, model, Jingfang Granule groups (0.23, 0.46, and 0.69 g/20g, respectively), and a positive group (oseltamivir, 19.33 mg/kg). Following the establishment of the VMC model, the mice underwent an 8 -week treatment regimen. Pathological alterations in cardiac tissues and inflammatory protein expression were monitored. Differential gene analysis was conducted utilizing transcriptomic techniques. The differential gene mucolipin 1 (Mcoln1) was knocked down by transfection with siRNA in H9C2 cell, and investigative techniques such as immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, JC-1 staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, and mitochondrial stress testing were employed to examine its mechanism of action. RESULTS JFG significantly mitigates the pathological damage observed in the cardiac tissues of CVB3-induced VMC mice and attenuates the expression of inflammatory genes. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes are identified through transcriptomic analysis and validated via PCR. Among these, the upregulation of Mcoln1 promotes autophagy, facilitating the clearance of damaged mitochondria and excessive ROS. This has been substantiated through in vitro experiments. Excessive ROS precipitates a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, instigating cell apoptosis. In accordance with TUNEL staining results, JFG acts to inhibit cell apoptosis. To ascertain whether Mcoln1 is a crucial target for JFG in treating VMC, Mcoln1 was suppressed in H9C2 cells. The suppression of Mcoln1 hinders the elevation in autophagy levels post-JFG treatment, obstructs the enhancement of mitochondrial function, and impedes the clearance of ROS. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of JFG on cell apoptosis is attenuated. CONCLUSION The research findings indicate that JFG has a protective effect on CVB3-induced H9C2 cell injury. JFG may exert its effects in VMC treatment by enhancing autophagy to suppress cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, thereby counteracting cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Tian Yao
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276006, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276006, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 University Road, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Shen L, Lu K, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Zhang L. Pre-treatment with galectin-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocarditis by regulating the Nrf2 pathway. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3816. [PMID: 38058290 PMCID: PMC10773196 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a highly conserved family of animal lectins, plays a crucial role in controlling inflammation and neovascularization. However, the potential role of Gal-1 in preventing myocarditis remains uncertain. We aimed to explore the functions and mechanisms of Gal-1 in preventing myocarditis. In vivo, C57/BL6 mice were pre-treated with or without Gal-1 and then exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce myocarditis. Subsequently, cardiac function, histopathology, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of myocardial tissues were detected. Following this, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to measure iNOS, COX2, TXNIP, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 p10 expressions. In vitro, H9c2 cells pre-treated with different doses of Gal-1 were stimulated by LPS to induce myocarditis models. CCK8, flow cytometry and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were then employed to estimate cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were evaluated by Western blotting in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that in vivo, Gal-1 pre-treatment not only moderately improved cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but also ameliorated myocardial inflammation and oxidative damage in mice with myocarditis. Furthermore, Gal-1 inhibited TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vitro, Gal-1 pre-treatment prevented LPS-induced apoptosis, cell viability decrease and ROS generation. Notably, Gal-1 elevated HO-1, total Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2 protein expressions both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, pre-treatment with Gal-1 exhibited cardioprotective effects in myocarditis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, and the mechanism may relate to the Nrf2 pathway, which offered new solid evidence for the use of Gal-1 in preventing myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Kongjie Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Yingwei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
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Jiao Y, Wang S, Jiang L, Sun X, Li J, Liu X, Yao X, Zhang C, Wang N, Deng H, Yang G. 2-undecanone protects against fine particles-induced heart inflammation via modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:1642-1652. [PMID: 35285579 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been closely associated with some cardiovascular disease. One of the mechanisms of PM2.5 -mediated heart injury may be to promote inflammation. We aim to investigate whether the main extract of Houttuynia cordata, 2-undecanone, can prevent the inflammation caused by PM2.5 , and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PM2.5 increased the expression of certain inflammatory cytokines, and caused oxidative damage in BALB/c mice and H9C2 cells. Supplementation with 2-undecanone attenuated this PM2.5 -induced inflammatory injury and oxidative damage. Further, we elucidated that the protective effect of 2-undecanone may be associated with NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The NF-κB pathway was distinctly activated after treated by PM2.5 , which can be blocked by 2-undecanone, accompanied by increasing Nrf2 and HO-1 levels. To figure out the relationship between NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, we knocked down Nrf2 gene. NF-κB pathway proteins and downstream inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased after treatment with PM2.5 , while 2-undecanone could decrease expression of these proteins. In conclusion, it is possible that 2-undecanone can induce the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 by activating Nrf2, thereby reducing NF-κB pathway and inflammatory damage of mouse myocardium caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Sookaromdee P, Wiwanitkit V. Lymphohistiocytic Myocarditis and Moderna mRNA-1273 Vaccine. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:311. [PMID: 35460221 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kildegaard H, Lund LC, Højlund M, Stensballe LG, Pottegård A. Risk of adverse events after covid-19 in Danish children and adolescents and effectiveness of BNT162b2 in adolescents: cohort study. BMJ 2022; 377:e068898. [PMID: 35410884 PMCID: PMC8995669 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of acute and post-acute adverse events after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in Denmark and to evaluate the real world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) among adolescents. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Nationwide Danish healthcare registers. PARTICIPANTS All Danish people younger than 18 years who were either tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or vaccinated with BNT162b2 to 1 October 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of hospital admissions (any hospital contact of ≥12 hours); intensive care unit (ICU) admissions; serious complications, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), myocarditis, and neuroimmune disorders; and initiating drug treatment and health service use up to six months after being tested. Vaccine effectiveness in vaccine recipients compared with unvaccinated peers was evaluated as one minus the risk ratio at 20 days after the first dose and 60 days after the second dose. RESULTS Of 991 682 children and adolescents tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR in Denmark, 74 611 (7.5%) were positive. The risk of hospital admission with any variant for ≥12 hours was 0.49% (95% confidence interval 0.44% to 0.54%; 361/74 350), and 0.01% (0.01% to 0.03%; 10/73 187) of participants were admitted to an ICU within 30 days of testing positive. The risk of MIS-C within two months of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.05% (0.03% to 0.06%; 32/70 666), whereas no participants had myocarditis outside of MIS-C or encephalitis and fewer than five had Guillain-Barré syndrome. In the post-acute phase (1-6 months after infection), participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 showed a 1.08-fold (95% confidence interval 1.06-fold to 1.10-fold) increase in rate of contacts with general practitioners compared with a reference cohort sampled among all children tested for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Overall, 278 649 adolescents received BNT162b2. Compared with unvaccinated adolescents, the estimated vaccine effectiveness among 229 799 adolescents vaccinated with one dose was 62% (95% confidence interval 59% to 65%) after 20 days, and among 175 176 vaccinated with two doses was 93% (92% to 94%) after 60 days during a period when delta was the dominant variant. CONCLUSIONS The absolute risks of adverse events after SARS-CoV-2 infection were generally low in Danish children and adolescents, although MIS-C occurred in 0.05% (32/70 666) of participants with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In adjusted analyses, rates of general practitioner visits were slightly increased in SARS-CoV-2 positive children and adolescents, which could indicate persisting symptoms. BNT162b2 appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the delta variant in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kildegaard
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars Christian Lund
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Højlund
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lone Graff Stensballe
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Ceylan ME, Önen Ünsalver B, Dönmez A, Kaya Yertutanol FD, Evrensel A, Ceylan HZ. A case of myocarditis and isolated hypopotassemia after Biontech-Pfizer vaccine for Covid-19. Vaccine 2022; 40:2897-2898. [PMID: 35430104 PMCID: PMC8995199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alper Evrensel
- Uskudar University, Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Turkey
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Augustin M, Hallek M, Nitschmann S. [Risk of myocarditis associated with mRNA vaccines for prevention of COVID-19]. Internist (Berl) 2022; 63:461-464. [PMID: 35262745 PMCID: PMC8906115 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Augustin
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - M Hallek
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
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Ye L, Chen X, Wang M, Jin L, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Guan X, Samorodov AV, Pavlov VN, Chattipakorn N, Feng J, Wang Y, Luo W, Liang G. Curcumin analogue C66 attenuates obesity-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting JNK-mediated inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112121. [PMID: 34474346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of chronic cardiomyopathy, which is associated with increased cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. We previously developed an anti-inflammatory compound C66, which prevented inflammatory diabetic complications via targeting JNK. In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that C66 could prevent obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing JNK-mediated inflammation. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model and palmitic acid (PA)-challenged H9c2 cells were used to develop inflammatory cardiomyopathy and evaluate the protective effects of C66. Our data demonstrate a protective effect of C66 against obesity-induced cardiac inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction, overall providing cardio-protection. C66 administration attenuates HFD-induced myocardial inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and JNK activation in mouse hearts. In vitro, C66 prevents PA-induced myocardial injury and apoptosis in H9c2 cells, accompanied with inhibition against PA-induced JNK/NF-κB activation and inflammation. The protective effect of C66 is attributed to its potential to inhibit JNK activation, which led to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, C66 provides significant protection against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction, mainly by inhibiting JNK activation and JNK-mediated inflammation. Our data indicate that inhibition of JNK is able to provide significant protection against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Daona Yang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Xinfu Guan
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Aleksandr V Samorodov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa City 450005, Russia
| | - Valentin N Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa City 450005, Russia
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jianpeng Feng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
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11
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Gao Y, Yue Y, Xiong S. An Albumin-Binding Domain Peptide Confers Enhanced Immunoprotection Against Viral Myocarditis by CVB3 VP1 Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666594. [PMID: 34630378 PMCID: PMC8492941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis is a common clinical cardiovascular disease without effective available vaccine. In this study, we tried to potentiate the immunoprotection efficacy of our previous CVB3-specific VP1 protein vaccine by introducing a streptococcal protein G-derived, draining lymph nodes (dLNs)-targeting albumin-binding domain (ABD) peptide. We found that compared with the original VP1 vaccine, ABD-fused VP1 (ABD-VP1) vaccine gained the new ability to efficiently bind murine albumin both in vitro and in vivo, possessed a much longer serum half-life in serum and exhibited more abundance in the dLNs after immunization. Accordingly, ABD-VP1 immunization not only significantly facilitated the enrichment and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), induced higher percentages of IFN-γ+ CD8 + cells in the dLNs, but also robustly promoted VP1-induced T cell proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the spleens. More importantly, ABD-VP1 also elicited higher percentages of protective CD44hi CD62Lhi memory T cells in dLNs and spleens. Consequently, obvious protective effect against viral myocarditis was conferred by ABD-VP1 vaccine compared to the VP1 vaccine, reflected by the less body weight loss, improved cardiac function, alleviated cardiac histomorphological changes and an increased 28-day survival rate. Our results indicated that the ABD might be a promising immune-enhancing regime for vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Yue
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Li N, Zhu L, Sun L, Shao G. The effects of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection on cardiovascular diseases and cardiopulmonary injuries. Stem Cell Res 2021; 51:102168. [PMID: 33485182 PMCID: PMC7801189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, can elites severe acute respiratory syndrome, severe lung injury, cardiac injury, and even death and became a worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in cardiac injury via several mechanisms, including the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and leading to a cytokine storm, can elicit an exaggerated host immune response. This response contributes to multi-organ dysfunction. As an emerging infectious disease, there are limited data on the effects of this infection on patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities. In this review, we summarize the early-stage clinical experiences with COVID-19, with particular focus on patients with cardiovascular diseases and cardiopulmonary injuries, and explores potential available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19, and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Lebo Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China.
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13
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Salem SY, Mohammed HM, Mohammed NA, Hetta HF. The role of vimentin, Connexin-43 proteins, and oxidative stress in the protective effect of propranolol against clozapine-induced myocarditis and apoptosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173645. [PMID: 33098837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) represents an effective treatment for resistant schizophrenia. However, myocarditis, recently reported in about 66% of the psychiatric patients treated with CLZ, has raised concerns about its safety. β-blocking agents have shown to be helpful in the management of myocarditis. Moreover, Vimentin (VIM) and Connexin-43 (CX43) are important structural proteins play key roles in cytoskeletal functions and cellular communication and have complex implications in pathophysiology. The present work aimed to study the mechanisms behind the protective effect of propranolol (PRO) against CLZ-induced myocarditis and the possible involvement of VIM and CX43. The effect of PRO (5 and 10 mg/kg, oral) on the myocarditis induced by CLZ (25 mg/kg/d, i. p.) treatment for 21 days in rats, was assessed biochemically, and immunohistochemically. CLZ treatment increased the serum levels of cardiac injury (CK-MP, LDH and cTn-I) and cardiac levels of oxidative stress (TBARS and NO) markers, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and mRNA expression of VIM and CX43 with decreased the antioxidant defenses (GSH and GSH-Px). Immunohistochemical study showed increased cardiac expression of VIM, CX43 and caspase-3 proteins. Coadministration of PRO with CLZ, dose-dependently decreased the biochemical and immunohistochemical hallmarks of CLZ-induced myocardial injury and significantly decreased mRNA expression of VIM and CX43. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the cardioprotective effects of PRO on CLZ-induced myocarditis are related in addition to its β-blocking activity to protection of myocardial VIM and CX43 proteins through antagonizing the CLZ-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and preventing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Safaa Yousef Salem
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala Mostafa Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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14
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Bose RJC, McCarthy JR. Direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the heart potentiates the cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1559-1560. [PMID: 32592868 PMCID: PMC7313487 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran J C Bose
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker Street, Utica, NY 13501, United States
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker Street, Utica, NY 13501, United States.
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15
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Kimura T, Flynn CT, Alirezaei M, Sen GC, Whitton JL. Biphasic and cardiomyocyte-specific IFIT activity protects cardiomyocytes from enteroviral infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007674. [PMID: 30958867 PMCID: PMC6453442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is a serious disease, commonly caused by type B coxsackieviruses (CVB). Here we show that innate immune protection against CVB3 myocarditis requires the IFIT (IFN-induced with tetratricopeptide) locus, which acts in a biphasic manner. Using IFIT locus knockout (IFITKO) cardiomyocytes we show that, in the absence of the IFIT locus, viral replication is dramatically increased, indicating that constitutive IFIT expression suppresses CVB replication in this cell type. IFNβ pre-treatment strongly suppresses CVB3 replication in wild type (wt) cardiomyocytes, but not in IFITKO cardiomyocytes, indicating that other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) cannot compensate for the loss of IFITs in this cell type. Thus, in isolated wt cardiomyocytes, the anti-CVB3 activity of IFITs is biphasic, being required for protection both before and after T1IFN signaling. These in vitro findings are replicated in vivo. Using novel IFITKO mice we demonstrate accelerated CVB3 replication in pancreas, liver and heart in the hours following infection. This early increase in virus load in IFITKO animals accelerates the induction of other ISGs in several tissues, enhancing virus clearance from some tissues, indicating that–in contrast to cardiomyocytes–other ISGs can offset the loss of IFITs from those cell types. In contrast, CVB3 persists in IFITKO hearts, and myocarditis occurs. Thus, cardiomyocytes have a specific, biphasic, and near-absolute requirement for IFITs to control CVB infection. Viruses can infect the heart, causing inflammation–termed myocarditis–which is a serious, and sometimes fatal, disease. One way to combat the infection is by stimulating our immune system, encouraging it to fight the virus. However, the treatment that is currently used “revs up” many different parts of our immune system, including some that play little or no role in clearing the virus, and this wide-ranging activation increases the risk of potentially-harmful side effects. We want to identify the parts of the immune system that fight virus infections of the heart, so that we can improve the treatment of viral myocarditis by selectively stimulating only those immune responses, thereby retaining the benefit of treatment (i.e., clearing the virus) while reducing its cost (i.e. lowering the risk of harmful side effects). In this paper, we demonstrate that a family of proteins called IFITs play a role in protecting many tissues against these infections, but are particularly important in heart muscle cells, in which they are indispensable. Thus, IFITs represent a possible target for the treatment of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kimura
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TK); (LW)
| | - Claudia T. Flynn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ganes C. Sen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - J. Lindsay Whitton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TK); (LW)
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16
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Li HM, Li KY, Xing Y, Tang XX, Yang DM, Dai XM, Lu DX, Wang HD. Phenylephrine Attenuated Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Mitochondrial Injury Through an Effect on the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 73:186-194. [PMID: 30839512 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether phenylephrine (PE) inhibits sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation, and mitochondrial injury through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS A rat model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture. PE and/or wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) were administered to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in mediating the effects of PE on inhibiting sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation, and mitochondrial injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, echocardiography, and Langendorff system were used to examine the myocardial injury and function. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), myeloperoxidase, mitochondria-related fusion/fission proteins, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-associated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS PE improved the cardiac function and survival in septic rats. PE decreased TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and myeloperoxidase contents in the myocardium of septic rats. Meanwhile, PE increased the fusion-related proteins and decreased the fission-related proteins in the myocardial mitochondria of septic rats. On the other hand, PE activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cecal ligation and puncture-treated rats, and all the protective effects of PE were abolished by wortmannin. CONCLUSIONS PE attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation, and mitochondrial injury through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Karuppagounder V, Bajpai A, Meng S, Arumugam S, Sreedhar R, Giridharan VV, Guha A, Bhimaraj A, Youker KA, Palaniyandi SS, Karmouty-Quintana H, Kamal F, Spiller KL, Watanabe K, Thandavarayan RA. Small molecule disruption of G protein βγ subunit signaling reprograms human macrophage phenotype and prevents autoimmune myocarditis in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200697. [PMID: 30024944 PMCID: PMC6053176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether blocking of G protein βγ (Gβγ) signaling halts heart failure (HF) progression by macrophage phenotype manipulation. Cardiac Gβγ signaling plays a crucial role in HF pathogenesis. Previous data suggested that inhibiting Gβγ signaling reprograms T helper cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, suggesting that Gβγ might be a useful drug target for treating HF. We investigated the efficacy of a small molecule Gβγ inhibitor, gallein, in a clinically relevant, experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model of HF as well as in human macrophage phenotypes in vitro. In the myocardium of HF patients, we observed that G protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2 levels were down-regulated compared with healthy controls. In rat EAM, treatment with gallein effectively improved survival and cardiac function, suppressed cardiac remodeling, and further attenuated myocardial protein expression of GRK2 as well as high mobility group box (HMGB)1 and its cascade signaling proteins. Furthermore, gallein effectively inhibited M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization in vivo in the EAM heart and in vitro in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Taken together, these data suggest that the small molecule Gβγ inhibitor, gallein, could be an important pharmacologic therapy for HF as it can switch the phenotypic reprogramming from M1 to M2 phenotype in a rat model of EAM heart and in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation, Penn State college of medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anamika Bajpai
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, United States of America
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Vijayasree V. Giridharan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashrith Guha
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arvind Bhimaraj
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keith A. Youker
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suresh S. Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, United States of America
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation, Penn State college of medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kara L. Spiller
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail: (KW); (RAT)
| | - Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KW); (RAT)
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18
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Tate M, Deo M, Cao AH, Hood SG, Huynh K, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Julius TL, Figtree GA, Dusting GJ, Kaye DM, Ritchie RH. Insulin replacement limits progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:423-433. [PMID: 28565941 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117710390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major contributor to the increasing burden of heart failure globally. Effective therapies remain elusive, in part due to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced myocardial injury. The objective of this study was to assess the direct impact of insulin replacement on left ventricle structure and function in a rat model of diabetes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.v.) or citrate vehicle and were followed for 8 weeks. A subset of diabetic rats were allocated to insulin replacement (6 IU/day insulin s.c.) for the final 4 weeks of the 8-week time period. Diabetes induced the characteristic systemic complications of diabetes (hyperglycaemia, polyuria, kidney hypertrophy) and was accompanied by marked left ventricle remodelling (cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left ventricle collagen content) and diastolic dysfunction (transmitral E/A, left ventricle-dP/dt). Importantly, these systemic and cardiac impairments were ameliorated markedly following insulin replacement, and moreover, markers of the diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype were significantly correlated with the extent of hyperglycaemia. In summary, these data suggest that poor glucose control directly contributes towards the underlying features of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy, at least in the early stages, and that adequate replacement ameliorates this.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Disease Progression
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Male
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocarditis/physiopathology
- Myocarditis/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptozocin
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh H Cao
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 2 Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University and Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally G Hood
- 3 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karina Huynh
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- 4 Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- 4 Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracey L Julius
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- 5 North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- 6 Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- 7 Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 8 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 8 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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19
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Lu YF, Zhang QY, Wang LH, Liu XY, Zhang SX. The protective effects of taurine on experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:1868-1875. [PMID: 28485791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of taurine on experimental autoimmune myocarditis and its mechanisms. BALB/c mice were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin to induce experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered taurine (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle to EAM mice daily. On day 21, the severity of myocarditis was evaluated by determination of heart weight/body weight ratio (Hw/Bw), histopathological and echocardiographic examination of heart tissue. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in serum were measured by ELISA. Moreover, ELISA was also used to determine the levels of MDA, SOD and GSH-Px in heart homogenates. RESULTS The mice treated with taurine had significantly decreased Hw/Bw (p < 0.05). Treatment with 10 or 20 mg/ kg taurine prevented the LV dysfunction, significantly increased the LVEDs, LVEDd and LVPW. Furthermore, Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2) were significantly downregulated, accompanied by Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) markedly upregulated after treatment with taurine. Meanwhile, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in heart tissues significantly increased, while the content of MDA significantly decreased after treatment with taurine. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that taurine has a protective effect against EAM by modulating Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and suppressing of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Weihrauch D, Krolikowski JG, Jones DW, Zaman T, Bamkole O, Struve J, Pillai S, Pagel PS, Lohr NL, Pritchard KA. An IRF5 Decoy Peptide Reduces Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis and Improves Endothelial Cell Function in Tight-Skin Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151999. [PMID: 27050551 PMCID: PMC4822818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been called a "master switch" for its ability to determine whether cells mount proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Accordingly, IRF5 should be an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Here we report on the development of a novel decoy peptide inhibitor of IRF5 that decreases myocardial inflammation and improves vascular endothelial cell (EC) function in tight-skin (Tsk/+) mice. Biolayer interferometry studies showed the Kd of IRF5D for recombinant IRF5 to be 3.72 ± 0.74x10-6M. Increasing concentrations of IRF5D (0-100 μg/mL, 24h) had no significant effect on EC proliferation or apoptosis. Treatment of Tsk/+ mice with IRF5D (1mg/kg/d subcutaneously, 21d) reduced IRF5 and ICAM-1 expression and monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil counts in Tsk/+ hearts compared to expression in hearts from PBS-treated Tsk/+ mice (p<0.05). EC-dependent vasodilatation of facialis arteries isolated from PBS-treated Tsk/+ mice was reduced (~15%). IRF5D treatments (1mg/kg/d, 21d) improved vasodilatation in arteries isolated from Tsk/+ mice nearly 3-fold (~45%, p<0.05), representing nearly 83% of the vasodilatation in arteries isolated from C57Bl/6J mice (~55%). IRF5D (50μg/mL, 24h) reduced nuclear translocation of IRF5 in myocytes cultured on both Tsk/+ cardiac matrix and C57Bl/6J cardiac matrix (p<0.05). These data suggest that IRF5 plays a causal role in inflammation, fibrosis and impaired vascular EC function in Tsk/+ mice and that treatment with IRF5D effectively counters IRF5-dependent mechanisms of inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Weihrauch
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John G. Krolikowski
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deron W. Jones
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tahniyath Zaman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Omoshalewa Bamkole
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Janine Struve
- Orthopedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Savin Pillai
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Pagel
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Lohr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kirkwood A. Pritchard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Cheng Z, Li-Sha G, Jing-Lin Z, Wen-Wu Z, Xue-Si C, Xing-Xing C, Yue-Chun L. Protective role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in a mouse model of viral myocarditis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112719. [PMID: 25396421 PMCID: PMC4232511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which relies on the α7nAchR (alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor), has been shown to decrease proinflammatory cytokines. This relieves inflammatory responses and improves the prognosis of patients with experimental sepsis, endotoxemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, pancreatitis, arthritis and other inflammatory syndromes. However, whether the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has an effect on acute viral myocarditis has not been investigated. Here, we studied the effects of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway on acute viral myocarditis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis model (Balb/c), nicotine and methyllycaconitine were used to stimulate and block the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, respectively. Relevant signal pathways were studied to compare their effects on myocarditis, survival rate, histopathological changes, ultrastructural changes, and cytokine levels. Nicotine treatments significantly improved survival rate, attenuated myocardial lesions, and downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Methyllycaconitine decreased survival rate, aggravated myocardial lesions, and upregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, levels of the signaling protein phosphorylated STAT3 were higher in the nicotine group and lower in the methyllycaconitine group compared with the untreated myocarditis group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results show that nicotine protects mice from CVB3-induced viral myocarditis and that methyllycaconitine aggravates viral myocarditis in mice. Because nicotine is a α7nAchR agonist and methyllycaconitine is a α7nAchR antagonist, we conclude that α7nAchR activation increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, reduces the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, and, ultimately, alleviates viral myocarditis. We also conclude that blocking α7nAchR reduces the phosphorylation of STAT3, increases the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, aggravating viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ge Li-Sha
- Department of Pediatric, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhao Jing-Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhang Wen-Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen Xue-Si
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen Xing-Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Li Yue-Chun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- * E-mail:
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Qian H, Liu L. [Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on mice with experimental viral myocarditis and its mechanism]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:708-712. [PMID: 25001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on viral myocarditis (VMC) mice and its mechanism. METHODS Seventy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (n=10), myocarditis group (n=20), DL-propargylglycine (PAG) group (n=20) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group (n=20). Mice in the latter three groups were inoculated with 0.1 mL Eagle's solution containing Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) intraperitoneally; whereas those in normal control group were treated with 0.1 mL Eagle's solution. On the day of inoculation, mice in PAG and NaHS groups received intraperitoneal administration with 40 mg/kg PAG and 50 μmol/kg NaHS, respectively; however, those in the other two groups were treated with PBS instead. PAG, NaHS or PBS were given one time for one day and persisted for 14 days. On day 15, all mice were killed after weighing body mass (BM). The mortality was compared among groups. Serum was separated and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were detected using ELISA. The heart was removed and weighed to calculate heart mass (HM). Histological cross sections of heart were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and myocardial histopathologic scores were counted under optical microscope. The activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in the homogenate of myocardium were examined. Myocardial interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contents were detected by ELISA. The expression level of myocardial nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in the nucleus was examined using Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the HM/BM, serum cTnI levels, myocardial MDA activity, NF-κB p65 expression level in the nucleus and myocardial contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated, but myocardial SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were reduced in myocarditis group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In comparison with myocarditis group, HM/BM, serum cTnI levels, myocardial histopathologic scores, myocardial MDA activity, NF-κB p65 expression level in the nucleus and myocardial contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased while myocardial SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities significantly decreased in PAG groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mortality between PAG group and myocarditis group (P>0.05). The mortality, HM/BM, serum cTnI levels, myocardial histopathologic scores, myocardial MDA activity, NF-κB p65 expression level in the nucleus and myocardial contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were lower, while myocardial SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were higher in NaHS group than in myocarditis group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION H2S can produce effective protection against VMC in mice. The mechanism may be associated with enhancing antioxidative ability and inhibiting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua 418000, China
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Jia LX, Qi GM, Liu O, Li TT, Yang M, Cui W, Zhang WM, Qi YF, Du J. Inhibition of platelet activation by clopidogrel prevents hypertension-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 27:521-30. [PMID: 23887740 PMCID: PMC3830206 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Platelets are essential for primary hemostasis; however, platelet activation also plays an important proinflammatory role. Inflammation promotes the development of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure induced by hypertension. In this study, we aimed to determine whether inhibiting platelet activation using clopidogrel could inhibit hypertension-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Methods Using a mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion (1,500 ng/[kg·min] for 7 days), we determined the role of platelet activation in Ang II infusion-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis using a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, clopidogrel (50 mg/[kg·day]). Results CD41 staining showed that platelets accumulated in Ang II-infused hearts. Clopidogrel treatment inhibited Ang II infusion-induced accumulation of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts and cardiac fibrosis (4.17 ± 1.26 vs. 1.46 ± 0.81, p < 0.05). Infiltration of inflammatory cells, including Mac-2+ macrophages and CD45+Ly6G+ neutrophils (30.38 ± 4.12 vs. 18.7 ± 2.38, p < 0.05), into Ang II-infused hearts was also suppressed by platelet inhibition. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that platelet inhibition significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β. Acute injection of Ang II or PE stimulated platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte conjugation, which were abolished by clopidogrel treatment. Conclusion Thus, inhibition of platelet activation by clopidogrel prevents cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in response to Ang II. Taken together, our results indicate Ang II infusion-induced hypertension stimulated platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte conjugation, which initiated inflammatory responses that contributed to cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Jia
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Guan-Ming Qi
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ou Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tao-Tao Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Min Yang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wei Cui
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wen-Mei Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
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Ye T, Yue Y, Fan X, Dong C, Xu W, Xiong S. M cell-targeting strategy facilitates mucosal immune response and enhances protection against CVB3-induced viral myocarditis elicited by chitosan-DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2014; 32:4457-4465. [PMID: 24958702 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of antigen to mucosal associated lymphoid tissue is a first and critical step for successful induction of mucosal immunity by vaccines. Considering its potential transcytotic capability, M cell has become a more and more attractive target for mucosal vaccines. In this research, we designed an M cell-targeting strategy by which mucosal delivery system chitosan (CS) was endowed with M cell-targeting ability via conjugating with a CPE30 peptide, C terminal 30 amino acids of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), and then evaluated its immune-enhancing ability in the context of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-specific mucosal vaccine consisting of CS and a plasmid encoding CVB3 predominant antigen VP1. It had shown that similar to CS-pVP1, M cell-targeting CPE30-CS-pVP1 vaccine appeared a uniform spherical shape with about 300 nm diameter and +22 mV zeta potential, and could efficiently protect DNA from DNase I digestion. Mice were orally immunized with 4 doses of CPE30-CS-pVP1 containing 50 μg pVP1 at 2-week intervals and challenged with CVB3 4 weeks after the last immunization. Compared with CS-pVP1 vaccine, CPE30-CS-pVP1 vaccine had no obvious impact on CVB3-specific serum IgG level and splenic T cell immune responses, but significantly increased specific fecal SIgA level and augmented mucosal T cell immune responses. Consequently, much milder myocarditis and lower viral load were witnessed in CPE30-CS-pVP1 immunized group. The enhanced immunogenicity and immunoprotection were associated with the M cell-targeting ability of CPE30-CS-pVP1 which improved its mucosal uptake and transcytosis. Our findings indicated that CPE30-CS-pVP1 may represent a novel prophylactic vaccine against CVB3-induced myocarditis, and this M cell-targeting strategy indeed could be applied as a promising and universal platform for mucosal vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Coxsackievirus Infections/pathology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus B, Human/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocarditis/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Yue
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangmei Fan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wu F, Fan X, Yue Y, Xiong S, Dong C. A vesicular stomatitis virus-based mucosal vaccine promotes dendritic cell maturation and elicits preferable immune response against coxsackievirus B3 induced viral myocarditis. Vaccine 2014; 32:3917-26. [PMID: 24874923 PMCID: PMC7115516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is widely used as a vaccine platform. However, the capacity of VSV-based vaccines to induce mucosal immunity has not been fully investigated. In the present study, a recombinant VSV expressing coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) major immunogen VP1 has been generated and the immune protection elicited by VSV-VP1 was evaluated. We demonstrated that intranasal delivery of VSV-VP1 can induce a potent antigen-specific mucosal immune response as well as a systemic immune response, particularly the induction of polyfunctional T cells. Importantly, mice immunized with VSV-VP1 were better protected against CVB3-induced viral myocarditis than those receiving a chitosan-formulated DNA vaccine. Increased dendritic cell (DC) maturation in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) was observed in the mice vaccinated with VSV-VP1, which could be a potential mechanism for the protective immune response. These findings support VSV as a viral delivery vector that can induce robust mucosal immunity that should be considered for further vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Qian H, Liu L. [Protective effect and mechanism of IL-17 monoclonal antibody on mice with viral myocarditis]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:509-512. [PMID: 24796747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effects of interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody (IL-17 mAb) on viral myocarditis (VMC) mice and its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Ninety BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (n=15), model group (n=25), isotype control group (n=25) and IL-17 mAb group (n=25). Mice in model, isotype control and IL-17 mAb groups were inoculated with 0.1 mL Eagle's solution containing Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) intraperitoneally; and those in normal control group were treated with 0.1 mL Eagle's solution without CVB3. On the day 3 and 5 after inoculation, mice in isotype control and IL-17 mAb groups received intragastric administration of 100 μg non-specific IgG antibody and IL-17 mAb, respectively. On day 7 postinoculation, 5 mice were killed in each group, and the hearts were removed. Virus titer was detected using Reed-Muench method, and CVB3 mRNA copy number was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. All mice were killed on day 14 after weighing body mass (BM). The mortality was compared among groups. Serum was separated and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration was detected using ELISA. The heart was removed and weighed to calculate heart index (HM/BM). Histological sections of heart were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and myocardial histopathologic scores were counted under optical microscope. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by Western blotting. Myocardial interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS The HM/BM, serum cTnI concentration, NF-κB p65 expression level and myocardial IL-6 and TNF-α contents in model group were higher than those in normal control group (P<0.01). In comparison with model and isotype control groups, mortality, HM/BM, serum cTnI concentration, myocardial histopathologic scores, virus titer, CVB3 mRNA copy number, NF-κB p65 expression level, and myocardial IL-6 and TNF-α contents in IL-17 mAb group were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no difference in the above indicators between isotype control group and model group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION IL-17 mAb can improve myocardial injury in VMC mice, and the mechanisms are associated with the inhibition of viral replication and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua 418000, China
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Taking Lyme disease to heart. Enjoy the great outdoors, but be on the lookout for disease-carrying pests. Harv Heart Lett 2014; 24:7. [PMID: 25151670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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28
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Lim BK, Peter AK, Xiong D, Narezkina A, Yung A, Dalton ND, Hwang KK, Yajima T, Chen J, Knowlton KU. Inhibition of Coxsackievirus-associated dystrophin cleavage prevents cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5146-51. [PMID: 24200690 DOI: 10.1172/jci66271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure in children and adults is often the consequence of myocarditis associated with Coxsackievirus (CV) infection. Upon CV infection, enteroviral protease 2A cleaves a small number of host proteins including dystrophin, which links actin filaments to the plasma membrane of muscle fiber cells (sarcolemma). It is unknown whether protease 2A-mediated cleavage of dystrophin and subsequent disruption of the sarcolemma play a role in CV-mediated myocarditis. We generated knockin mice harboring a mutation at the protease 2A cleavage site of the dystrophin gene, which prevents dystrophin cleavage following CV infection. Compared with wild-type mice, we found that mice expressing cleavage-resistant dystrophin had a decrease in sarcolemmal disruption and cardiac virus titer following CV infection. In addition, cleavage-resistant dystrophin inhibited the cardiomyopathy induced by cardiomyocyte-restricted expression of the CV protease 2A transgene. These findings indicate that protease 2A-mediated cleavage of dystrophin is critical for viral propagation, enteroviral-mediated cytopathic effects, and the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Barin JG, Baldeviano GC, Talor MV, Wu L, Ong S, Fairweather D, Bedja D, Stickel NR, LeGault JA, Cardamone AB, Zheng D, Gabrielson KL, Rose NR, Cihakova D. Fatal eosinophilic myocarditis develops in the absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A. J Immunol 2013; 191:4038-47. [PMID: 24048893 PMCID: PMC3927983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells play a central role in inflammatory heart disease, implicating a cytokine product associated with Th cell effector function as a necessary mediator of this pathophysiology. IFN-γ-deficient mice developed severe experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), in which mice are immunized with cardiac myosin peptide, whereas IL-17A-deficient mice were protected from progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. We generated IFN-γ(-/-)IL-17A(-/-) mice to assess whether IL-17 signaling was responsible for the severe EAM of IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Surprisingly, IFN-γ(-/-)IL-17A(-/-) mice developed a rapidly fatal EAM. Eosinophils constituted a third of infiltrating leukocytes, qualifying this disease as eosinophilic myocarditis. We found increased cardiac production of CCL11/eotaxin, as well as Th2 deviation, among heart-infiltrating CD4(+) cells. Ablation of eosinophil development improved survival of IFN-γ(-/-)IL-17A(-/-) mice, demonstrating the necessity of eosinophils in fatal heart failure. The severe and rapidly fatal autoimmune inflammation that developed in the combined absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A constitutes a novel model of eosinophilic heart disease in humans. This is also, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that eosinophils have the capacity to act as necessary mediators of morbidity in an autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobert G. Barin
- Immunology Training Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Dept. of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The William H. Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - G. Christian Baldeviano
- The William H. Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Dept. of Parasitology, US Naval Medical Research Unit Six (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru
| | - Monica V. Talor
- Dept. of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Lei Wu
- The William H. Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - SuFey Ong
- The William H. Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Dept. of Comparative Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Natalie R. Stickel
- Dept. of Hematology & Oncology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jillian A. LeGault
- The William H. Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Dongfeng Zheng
- Dept. of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Noel R. Rose
- Immunology Training Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Dept. of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The William H. Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Daniela Cihakova
- Dept. of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Zhang YY, Li JN, Xia HHX, Zhang SL, Zhong J, Wu YY, Miao SK, Zhou LM. Protective effects of losartan in mice with chronic viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3. Life Sci 2013; 92:1186-94. [PMID: 23702425 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether losartan has protective effects in mice with chronic viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). MAIN METHODS Thirty two male Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with CVB3 (10×TCID50) to induce chronic viral myocarditis (CVM). Losartan at 12.5mg/kg (n=16) or normal saline (n=16) were orally administered daily for 28 days to these mice. Uninfected mice (n=6) were used as controls. On day 29, all mice underwent anesthesia and echocardiography prior to sacrifice. Serum IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cardiac tissues were histologically examined after hematoxylin & eosin staining. In addition, the effect of losartan on the virus titers in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes infected with CVB3 was measured on Hep-2 cells at 72 h post infection. KEY FINDINGS Mice infected with CBV3 had significantly increased mortality, heart/body weight ratios, necrosis and inflammatory scores and decreased cardiac ejection fractions, compared with the controls (all P<0.05). Losartan significantly decreased mortality from 40.0% to 12.5%, heart/body weight ratios from 7.08 ± 2.17 to 4.15 ± 0.99, and necrosis and inflammatory scores from 3.33 ± 0.50 to 2.50 ± 0.65 (all P<0.05), and increased ejection fractions from 55.80 ± 9.25 to 72.31 ± 12.15 (P<0.05). Losartan significantly enhanced IL-4, and decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 (all P<0.05). In the in vitro experiment, losartan had no influence on virus titers. SIGNIFICANCE Losartan protects mice against CVB3-induced CVM, most likely through upregulating Th2 responses, and down-regulating Th1 and Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Shen J, Yu R. Perioperative management of pheochromocytoma: the heart of the issue. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2013; 38:77-93. [PMID: 23435444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is an endocrine tumor derived from the adrenal medulla and paraganglia. Pheochromocytoma presents with a wide spectrum of symptoms, from a silent adrenal mass to cardiac arrest. Perioperative management of pheochromocytoma is critical for preventing perioperative cardiovascular complications. Traditionally, perioperative management focuses on blood pressure control, which has generated considerable controversy. In this review, we suggest that perioperative management should focus more on treating subclinical and clinical pheochromocytoma-induced cardiomyopathy. We first describe the natural history of pheochromocytoma and illustrate that cardiomyopathy is present to various degrees in patients with pheochromocytoma. We then classify pheochromocytomas into 3 groups according to the risks of developing clinical cardiomyopathy. After going over perioperative physiological changes, we propose that the need for preoperative preparation depends on the risk level of the pheochromocytoma. We present the regimens for perioperative management, emphasizing that the goals of perioperative management should extend beyond blood pressure control and include improvement of cardiac function. Perioperative management in unique clinical situations is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shen
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Mina Y, Rinkevich-Shop S, Konen E, Goitein O, Kushnir T, Epstein FH, Feinberg MS, Leor J, Landa-Rouben N. Mast cell inhibition attenuates myocardial damage, adverse remodeling, and dysfunction during fulminant myocarditis in the rat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18:152-61. [PMID: 23172937 PMCID: PMC3968541 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412458975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a life-threatening heart disease characterized by myocardial inflammation, necrosis, and chronic fibrosis. While mast cell inhibition has been suggested to prevent fibrosis in rat myocarditis, little is known about its effectiveness in attenuating cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in myocarditis. Thus, we sought to test the hypothesis that mast cell inhibition will attenuate the inflammatory reaction and associated left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction after fulminant autoimmune myocarditis. Methods and RESULTS To induce experimental autoimmune myocarditis, we immunized 30 rats with porcine cardiac myosin (PCM) twice at a 7-day interval. On day 8 animals were randomized into treatment with either an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 25mg/kg of cromolyn sodium (n = 13) or an equivalent volume (∼0.5 mL IP) of normal saline (n = 11). All animals were scanned by serial echocardiography studies before treatment (baseline echocardiogram) and after 20 days of cromolyn sodium (28 days after immunization). Furthermore, serial cardiac magnetic resonance was performed in a subgroup of 12 animals. After 20 days of treatment (28 days from first immunization), hearts were harvested for histopathological analysis. By echocardiography, cromolyn sodium prevented LV dilatation and attenuated LV dysfunction, compared with controls. Postmortem analysis of hearts showed that cromolyn sodium reduced myocardial fibrosis, as well as the number and size of cardiac mast cells in the inflamed myocardium, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that mast cell inhibition with cromolyn sodium attenuates adverse LV remodeling and dysfunction in myocarditis. This mechanism-based therapy is clinically relevant and could improve the outcome of patients at risk for inflammatory cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Mina
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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New approach to fighting heart disease. Doctors try reducing inflammation to cut heart-attack risk. Harv Heart Lett 2013; 23:3. [PMID: 23862204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Li XD, Yang YJ, Cheng YT, Dou KF, Tian Y, Meng XM. Protein kinase A-mediated cardioprotection of Tongxinluo relates to the inhibition of myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and edema in reperfused swine hearts. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:1469-1479. [PMID: 23595379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have demonstrated that Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine, can protect hearts against no-reflow and reperfusion injury in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. The present study was to investigate whether the PKA-mediated cardioprotection of TXL against no-reflow and reperfusion injury relates to the inhibition of myocardial inflammation, edema, and apoptosis. METHODS In a 90-minute ischemia and 3-hour reperfusion model, minipigs were randomly assigned to sham, control, TXL (0.05 g/kg, gavaged one hour prior to ischemia), and TXL + H-89 (a PKA inhibitor, intravenously and continuously infused at 1.0 µg/kg per minute) groups. Myocardial no-reflow, necrosis, edema, and apoptosis were determined by pathological and histological studies. Myocardial activity of PKA and myeloperoxidase was measured by colorimetric method. The expression of PKA, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) (Ser(133)), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), P-selectin, apoptotic proteins, and aquaporins was detected by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS TXL decreased the no-reflow area by 37.4% and reduced the infarct size by 27.0% (P < 0.05). TXL pretreatment increased the PKA activity and the expression of Ser(133) p-CREB in the reflow and no-reflow myocardium (P < 0.05). TXL inhibited the ischemia-reperfusion-induced elevation of myeloperoxidase activities and the expression of TNF-α and P-selectin, reduced myocardial edema in the left ventricle and the reflow and no-reflow areas and the expression of aquaporin-4, -8, and -9, and decreased myocytes apoptosis by regulation of apoptotic protein expression in the reflow and no-reflow myocardium. However, addition of the PKA inhibitor H-89 counteracted these beneficial effects of TXL. CONCLUSION PKA-mediated cardioprotection of TXL against no-reflow and reperfusion injury relates to the inhibition of myocardial inflammation, edema, and apoptosis in the reflow and no-reflow myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-dong Li
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Veeraveedu PT, Giridharan VV, Soetikno V, Harima M, Suzuki K, Nagata M, Tagaki R, Kodama M, Watanabe K. Involvement of AMPK and MAPK signaling during the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats and its blockade using a novel antioxidant. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:183-9. [PMID: 22542793 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There are various reports suggesting the role of angiotensin (Ang) receptor blockers, Ang converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and antioxidants against the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Most of them were reported to be effective during this adverse cardiac remodeling. Recently much attention has been paid to studying the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in various cardiovascular ailments. AMPK acts as a master sensor of cellular energy balance via maintenance of lipid and glucose metabolism. Evidences also suggest the relation between AMPK and oxidative stress during physiological and pathological myocardial cellular function. Since, it is of interest to identify the roles of AMPK and MAPK during the progression of EAM to DCM and also the effect of edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, against its progression. For this, we have carried out western blotting, histopathological staining and immunohistochemical analyses to measure the myocardial expressions of AMPK signaling and oxidative stress related parameters in normal and vehicle or edaravone-treated EAM rats, respectively. We identified the myocardial levels of phospho Akt and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which are the upstream proteins of AMPK and MAPK activation and both were up-regulated in the vehicle-treated rats, whereas candesartan treatment significantly reversed these changes. We have also measured the myocardial levels of p-AMPKα, different isoforms of protein kinase C and MAPK signaling proteins. All of these protein levels were significantly elevated in the hearts of DCM rats whereas edaravone treatment significantly reversed these changes. In viewing these results, we can suggest that along with MAPK, AMPK signaling also plays a crucial role in the progression of EAM and it can be effectively blocked by the treatment with a novel antioxidant, edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
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Yue Y, Gui J, Ai W, Xu W, Xiong S. Direct gene transfer with IP-10 mutant ameliorates mouse CVB3-induced myocarditis by blunting Th1 immune responses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18186. [PMID: 21445362 PMCID: PMC3062568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium that often follows the enterovirus infections, with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) being the most dominant etiologic agent. We and other groups previously reported that chemokine IP-10 was significantly induced in the heart tissue of CVB3-infected mice and contributed to the migration of massive inflammatory cells into the myocardium, which represents one of the most important mechanisms of viral myocarditis. To evaluate the direct effect of IP-10 on the inflammatory responses in CVB3 myocarditis, herein an IP-10 mutant deprived of chemo-attractant function was introduced into mice to antagonize the endogenous IP-10 activity, and its therapeutic effect on CVB3-induced myocarditis was evaluated. Methodology/Principal Findings The depletion mutant pIP-10-AT, with an additional methionine after removal of the 5 N-terminal amino acids, was genetically constructed and intramuscularly injected into BALB/c mice after CVB3 infection. Compared with vector or no treatment, pIP-10-AT treatment had significantly reduced heart/body weight ratio and serum CK-MB level, increased survival rate and improved heart histopathology, suggesting an ameliorated myocarditis. This therapeutic effect was not attributable to an enhanced viral clearance, but to a blunted Th1 immune response, as evidenced by significantly decreased splenic CD4+/CD8+IFN-γ+ T cell percentages and reduced myocardial Th1 cytokine levels. Conclusion/Significance Our findings constitute the first preclinical data indicating that interfering in vivo IP-10 activity could ameliorate CVB3 induced myocarditis. This strategy may represent as a new therapeutic approach in treating viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yue
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gui
- Institute for Immunobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Ai
- Institute for Immunobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute for Immunobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SX); (WX)
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Immunobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SX); (WX)
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Petnicki-Ocwieja T, DeFrancesco AS, Chung E, Darcy CT, Bronson RT, Kobayashi KS, Hu LT. Nod2 suppresses Borrelia burgdorferi mediated murine Lyme arthritis and carditis through the induction of tolerance. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17414. [PMID: 21387014 PMCID: PMC3046161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The internalization of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, by phagocytes is essential for an effective activation of the immune response to this pathogen. The intracellular, cytosolic receptor Nod2 has been shown to play varying roles in either enhancing or attenuating inflammation in response to different infectious agents. We examined the role of Nod2 in responses to B. burgdorferi. In vitro stimulation of Nod2 deficient bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) resulted in decreased induction of multiple cytokines, interferons and interferon regulated genes compared with wild-type cells. However, B. burgdorferi infection of Nod2 deficient mice resulted in increased rather than decreased arthritis and carditis compared to control mice. We explored multiple potential mechanisms for the paradoxical response in in vivo versus in vitro systems and found that prolonged stimulation with a Nod2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), resulted in tolerance to stimulation by B. burgdorferi. This tolerance was lost with stimulation of Nod2 deficient cells that cannot respond to MDP. Cytokine patterns in the tolerance model closely paralleled cytokine profiles in infected Nod2 deficient mice. We propose a model where Nod2 has an enhancing role in activating inflammation in early infection, but moderates inflammation after prolonged exposure to the organism through induction of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Petnicki-Ocwieja
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alicia S. DeFrancesco
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erin Chung
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Courtney T. Darcy
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Koichi S. Kobayashi
- Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Linden T. Hu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Fousteri G, Dave A, Morin B, Omid S, Croft M, von Herrath MG. Nasal cardiac myosin peptide treatment and OX40 blockade protect mice from acute and chronic virally-induced myocarditis. J Autoimmun 2011; 36:210-20. [PMID: 21333491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis poses a severe health problem, can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and death, and is thought to be triggered by infections. Enteroviruses such as Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) have been implicated as a culprit, since they can cause acute and chronic heart disease in susceptible mice. CVB was detected in human cardiac myocytes in some cases, whereas acute CVB infection was thought to have caused death. Here we studied, whether nasal administration of cardiac myosin (CM) major histocompatibility class (MHC) II peptides CM₉₄₇-₉₆₀ and CM₇₃₅-₇₄₇ and OX40 blockade would be able to ameliorate immunopathology and heart disease in BALB/C mice infected with CVB3. We found that nasal CM-peptide prophylactic treatment significantly reduced myocarditis and mortality by enhancing Treg and IL-10 induction and that blockade of OX40 signaling could reduce heart inflammation when administered late during pathogenesis. Altogether, these results chart the way for novel prevention and intervention strategies for viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Parsonnet V. The final option and a desperate measure!! Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2010; 34:131-2. [PMID: 21029123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fengqin L, Yulin W, Xiaoxin Z, Youpeng J, Yan C, Qing-qing W, Hong C, Jia S, Lei H. The heart-protective mechanism of Qishaowuwei formula on murine viral myocarditis induced by CVB3. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:221-228. [PMID: 19932162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY The heart-protective effect and mechanism of Qishaowuwei formula (QSW), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula composed of Radix Astragali, Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Fructus Schisandrae was investigated on murine model of viral myocarditis (VMC) induced by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into infected control group, QSW high dose group, QSW medium dose group, QSW low dose group and Vitamin C plus Ribavirin treatment group. 50 mice were included in each group. The day of virus inoculation was defined as day 0 and the drug treatment continued once a day for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14, 21 postinoculation (p.i.). The histopathological changes of myocardium, CVB3 RNA copies in the myocardium, cardiomycytic apoptosis, the serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and the phenotype of T lymphocytes subsets in peripheral blood was analyzed. RESULTS QSW treatment significantly increase the survival rate (p<0.05) in VMC model. Histopathology and flow cytometry inspection revealed low ratio of cardiomyocytes necrosis and apoptosis in QSW treated mice with dose dependent manner. The cardiomyocytic ultra-structure observed by transmission electron microscope also supported the above results. The ameliorated tissue damage was consistent with reduced CVB3 copy numbers detected by real-time PCR in the myocardium of QSW treated mice. The antioxidant effect of QSW was proved by elevated activity of SOD and reduced level of MDA in the serum. Furthermore, the disturbed balance of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in peripheral blood was restored. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated QSW had potent protective effect against CVB3-induced heart injury and this effect might be mediated by its inhibition on viral replication, antioxidant activity and immunoregulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Fengqin
- Pediatric Department of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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Simonini G, Taddio A, Cimaz R. No evidence yet to change American Heart Association recommendations for poststreptococcal reactive arthritis: comment on the article by van Bemmel et al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3516-8; author reply 3518-9. [PMID: 19877041 DOI: 10.1002/art.24912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Razonable R. Direct and indirect effects of cytomegalovirus: can we prevent them? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 28:1-5. [PMID: 20022410 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Myocarditis is the reason for sudden cardiac death in 5-22% of athletes < 35 years of age. Actually, parvovirus B19 and human herpes virus 6 are the most important pathogens. Clinical presentation of myocarditis is heterogeneous, with all courses between asymptomatic and fulminant reported. Especially in athletes it is important to take subtle discomforts seriously and initiate further evaluation. Electrocardiogram, laboratory parameters, serologic markers, and echocardiography are helpful in diagnosis of myocarditis, but are not specific. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart has become an important tool in the evaluation of patients with myocarditis and allows noninvasive appraisal of myocardial inflammation using late enhancement. However, MRI is not able to assess viral persistence. Therefore, endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the gold standard in diagnosis of myocarditis. When considering EMB in these athletes one should not ignore spontaneous healing in 50% of patients with myocarditis. Contrariwise, specific therapy (e.g., immunosuppression, interferon, immunoglobulins) for myocarditis is only feasible after getting results of EMB. When myocarditis is verified, athletes have to withdraw from sport for at least 6 months. Before restarting physical activity, a detailed examination is necessary and most of the patients will undergo another EMB. For prevention of myocarditis and sudden cardiac death it is recommended to stop elite sport for 4 weeks after an unspecific infection. Whether moderate sport can be started earlier is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Frick
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Osterreich.
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Kallewaard NL, Zhang L, Chen JW, Guttenberg M, Sanchez MD, Bergelson JM. Tissue-specific deletion of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor protects mice from virus-induced pancreatitis and myocarditis. Cell Host Microbe 2009; 6:91-8. [PMID: 19616768 PMCID: PMC2761025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In cultured cells, infection by group B coxsackievirus (CVB) is mediated by the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), but the importance of this molecule in CVB-induced disease has not been determined. We generated mice with tissue-specific ablation of CAR within each of two major CVB target organs, the pancreas and heart. In the pancreas, deletion of CAR resulted in a significant reduction in both virus titers and virus-induced tissue damage. Similarly, cardiomyocyte-specific CAR deletion resulted in a marked reduction in virus titer, infection-associated cytokine production, and histopathology within the heart. Consistent with the in vivo phenotype, CAR-deficient cardiomyocytes resisted infection in vitro. These results demonstrate a critical function for CAR in the pathogenesis of CVB infection in vivo and in virus tropism for the heart and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Kallewaard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jin-Wen Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marta Guttenberg
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Melissa D. Sanchez
- Department of Pathology and Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Jeffrey M. Bergelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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Liu W, Shimada M, Xiao J, Hu D, Matsumori A. Nifedipine inhibits the activation of inflammatory and immune reactions in viral myocarditis. Life Sci 2009; 85:235-40. [PMID: 19520090 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of study is to investigate the effect of nifedipine on viral myocarditis in an animal model. MAIN METHODS Four-week-old male DBA/2 mice were inoculated with 2 pfu of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and randomized to nifedipine (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The control group was fed by regular chow and the nifedipine group contained 0.01% of nifedipine. Mast cell density was counted, and expressions of messenger RNAs of stem cell factor (SCF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pro-collagen I, mast cell proteases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS The area of myocardial necrosis was smaller in the nifedipine vs the control group (mean+/-SD, 1.2+/-1.3% vs 3.8+/-1.8%, respectively, P<0.005). The mast cell density (count/mm(2)) was lower in the nifedipine vs the control group (mean+/-SD, 0.23+/-0.16 vs 1.08+/-0.45, respectively, P<0.0005). The expressions of MMPs, mast cell proteases, TNF-alpha, IL-6, SCF and pro-collagen I were lower in the nifedipine group than in the control group (P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Nifedipine inhibited the activation of various participants in inflammatory and immune reactions in EMCV myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Kania G, Blyszczuk P, Valaperti A, Dieterle T, Leimenstoll B, Dirnhofer S, Zulewski H, Eriksson U. Prominin-1+/CD133+ bone marrow-derived heart-resident cells suppress experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:236-45. [PMID: 18621802 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is a CD4(+) T cell-mediated mouse model of inflammatory heart disease. Tissue-resident bone marrow-derived cells adopt different cellular phenotypes depending on the local milieu. We expanded a specific population of bone marrow-derived prominin-1-expressing progenitor cells (PPC) from healthy heart tissue, analysed their plasticity, and evaluated their capacity to protect mice from EAM and heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS PPC were expanded from healthy mouse hearts. Analysis of CD45.1/CD45.2 chimera mice confirmed bone marrow origin of PPC. Depending on in vitro culture conditions, PPC differentiated into macrophages, dendritic cells, or cardiomyocyte-like cells. In vivo, PPC acquired a cardiac phenotype after direct injection into healthy hearts. Intravenous injection of PPC into myosin alpha heavy chain/complete Freund's adjuvant (MyHC-alpha/CFA)-immunized BALB/c mice resulted in heart-specific homing and differentiation into the macrophage phenotype. Histology revealed reduced severity scores for PPC-treated mice compared with control animals [treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or crude bone marrow at day 21 after MyHC-alpha/CFA immunization]. Echocardiography showed preserved fractional shortening and velocity of circumferential shortening in PPC but not PBS-treated MyHC-alpha/CFA-immunized mice. In vitro and in vivo data suggested that interferon-gamma signalling on PPC was critical for nitric oxide-mediated suppression of heart-specific CD4(+) T cells. Accordingly, PPC from interferon-gamma receptor-deficient mice failed to protect MyHC-alpha/CFA-immunized mice from EAM. CONCLUSION Prominin-1-expressing, heart-resident, bone marrow-derived cells combine high plasticity, T cell-suppressing capacity, and anti-inflammatory in vivo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kania
- Experimental Critical Care, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basle, Switzerland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the protective effect of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) gene modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation against inflammation and cardiac dysfunction following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN MSCs were extracted from the tibias and femurs of rats and transfected with recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) expressing EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) or p75 (human 75 kilodalton) TNFR at multiplicity of infection of 10(5) particles/cell. Rats with AMI induced by occlusion of the left coronary artery were randomized to MSCs-TNFR transplantation group, MSCs-EGFP transplantation group and MI control group. RESULTS The effects of MSCs-TNFR transplantation on cardiac inflammation and left ventricular dysfunction were observed after 2 weeks of MI. We found that: 1) MSCs-TNFR transplantation attenuated protein production and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-, IL-1beta and IL-6; 2) MSCs-TNFR transplantation inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis and 3) MSCs-TNFR transplantation improved left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS The experimental data show that transplantation with rAAV-TNFR transfected MSCs improves left ventricular function following MI through anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cells, Cultured
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/surgery
- Myocardial Infarction/therapy
- Myocarditis/etiology
- Myocarditis/genetics
- Myocarditis/metabolism
- Myocarditis/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Bao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Xianning College, and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei, PR China
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McOrist S, Thornton E, Peake A, Walker R, Robson S, Finlaison D, Kirkland P, Reece R, Ross A, Walker K, Hyatt A, Morrissy C. An infectious myocarditis syndrome affecting late-term and neonatal piglets. Aust Vet J 2008; 82:509-11. [PMID: 15359968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb11172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S McOrist
- QAF Meat Industries, Corowa, New South Wales 2646
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Stogowska-Nikiciuk B, Małyszko J, Małyszko JS, Pawlak K, Myśliwiec M. [The influence of simvastatin on hsCRP and some paramneters of hemostasis in patients with ischemic heart disease]. Przegl Lek 2008; 65:68-72. [PMID: 18663903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and disturbances of the hemostatic system may play a role in pathogenesis and complications of ischemic heart disease. More and more reports indicate that apart from their cholesterol-lowering effect statins also exert other beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. Taking this into consideration, the aim of the study was to assess the influence of simvastatin (20 mg per day) on a marker of inflammation - CRP and some parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis in 22 patients with ischaemic heart disease. Serum lipids, levels of hsCRP, thrombomodulin (TM), vWF, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), t-PA, plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) and TAFI activity were assessed before and after one, three and six months simvastatin treatment. After one month therapy of simvastatin, there have been significant reduction of levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and these values have remained until the end of the study. No influence on the level of HDL-cholesterol has been observed. After 6 months of treatment significant decrease in the level of hsCRP and increase of the levels TM and vWF with reference to baselines results have been observed. After a 1-and 6-month therapy, the level of TAFI have been significantly increased. Other hemostatic parameters, i.e. levels of F1+2, TAT, t-PA, PAP and TAFI activity have not changed significantly. This prospective study has confirmed high efficacy of lipid-lowering effect and anti-inflammatory properties of simvastatin. Simvastatin influenced some hemo-static parameters, however, these effects were not, in majority, significant.
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