1
|
Grosenbaugh DA, Leard T, Pardo MC. Protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus–vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228:726-7. [PMID: 16506935 DOI: 10.2460/javma.228.5.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare protection against FeLV challenge obtained following administration of 2 doses of an adjuvanted, chemically inactivated, whole FeLV (FeLV-k) vaccine with protection obtained following administration of 1 dose of an FeLV-k vaccine followed by 1 dose of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant FeLV (rCP-FeLV) vaccine. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS Thirty-two 9-week-old domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE Cats received 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine SC, 21 days apart (n = 11); 1 dose of the FeLV-k vaccine SC and, 21 days later, 1 dose of the rCP-FeLV vaccine transdermally (11); or 2 doses of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control; 10). Four weeks after the second vaccine dose, all cats were challenged with FeLV by means of oronasal administration. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals beginning 21 days after challenge, and serum was tested for FeLV antigen. RESULTS All 10 control cats became persistently infected (ie, FeLV antigen detected in > or = 3 consecutive serum samples) following FeLV challenge, whereas only 1 of 11 cats that received 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine and none of the 11 cats that received 1 dose of the FeLV-k vaccine and 1 dose of the rCP-FeLV vaccine did. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that protection against FeLV challenge obtained following SC administration of a single dose of an FeLV-k vaccine followed, 21 days later, by transdermal administration of a single dose of an rCP-FeLV vaccine was similar to that obtained following SC administration of 2 doses of the FeLV-k vaccine 21 days apart.
Collapse
|
2
|
Brunner C, Kanellos T, Meli ML, Sutton DJ, Gisler R, Gomes-Keller MA, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Lutz H. Antibody induction after combined application of an adjuvanted recombinant FeLV vaccine and a multivalent modified live virus vaccine with a chlamydial component. Vaccine 2005; 24:1838-46. [PMID: 16343700 PMCID: PMC7115673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The compatibility, safety and interaction on antibody induction of a combined vaccine application were assessed. Specific pathogen-free cats were vaccinated with either a modified live virus vaccine containing feline calici- (FCV), herpes- (FHV-1), parvovirus (FPV) and Chlamydophila felis (C. felis), an adjuvanted recombinant feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccine or both vaccines in one syringe. After combined application, FeLV ELISA antibody titres were unaltered, However antibody production based on indirect immunofluorescence assay was remarkably enhanced for FCV and was at selected time points also enhanced for FHV-1 and C. felis but diminished for FPV. The use of these vaccines in combination was safe and will simplify vaccination schedules in veterinary practice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Calicivirus, Feline/immunology
- Cats/immunology
- Chlamydophila/immunology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Feline Panleukopenia Virus/immunology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/adverse effects
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Combined
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Varicellovirus/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/adverse effects
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Brunner
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Kanellos
- Intervet UK Ltd., Walton Manor, Walton, Milton Keynes, Bucks MK7 7AJ, UK
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J. Sutton
- Intervet UK Ltd., Walton Manor, Walton, Milton Keynes, Bucks MK7 7AJ, UK
| | - Ricarda Gisler
- Veterinaria AG, Grubenstrasse 40, Postfach, CH-8045 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Alice Gomes-Keller
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Lutz
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 44 635 83 12; fax: +41 44 635 89 06.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim EY, Busch M, Abel K, Fritts L, Bustamante P, Stanton J, Lu D, Wu S, Glowczwskie J, Rourke T, Bogdan D, Piatak M, Lifson JD, Desrosiers RC, Wolinsky S, Miller CJ. Retroviral recombination in vivo: viral replication patterns and genetic structure of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) populations in rhesus macaques after simultaneous or sequential intravaginal inoculation with SIVmac239Deltavpx/Deltavpr and SIVmac239Deltanef. J Virol 2005; 79:4886-95. [PMID: 15795274 PMCID: PMC1069535 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.8.4886-4895.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the occurrence, frequency, and kinetics of retroviral recombination in vivo, we intravaginally inoculated rhesus macaques, either simultaneously or sequentially, with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains having complementary deletions in their accessory genes and various degrees of replication impairment. In monkeys inoculated simultaneously with SIVmac239Deltavpx/Deltavpr and SIVmac239Deltanef, recombinant wild-type (wt) virus and wild-type levels of plasma viral RNA (vRNA) were detected in blood by 2 weeks postinoculation. In monkeys inoculated first with SIVmac239Deltavpx/Deltavpr and then with SIVmac239Deltanef, recombination occurred but was associated with lower plasma vRNA levels than plasma vRNA levels seen for monkeys inoculated intravaginally with wt SIVmac239. In one monkey, recombination occurred 6 weeks after the challenge with SIVmac239Deltanef when plasma SIVmac239Deltavpx/Deltavpr RNA levels were undetectable. In monkeys inoculated first with the more highly replicating strain, SIVmac239Deltanef, and then with SIVmac239Deltavpx/Deltavpr, wild-type recombinant virus was not detected in blood or tissues. Instead, a virus that had repaired the deletion in the nef gene by a compensatory mutation was found in one animal. Overall, recombinant SIV was eventually found in four of six animals intravaginally inoculated with the two SIVmac239 deletion mutants. These findings show that recombination can occur readily in vivo after mucosal SIV exposure and thus contributes to the generation of viral genetic diversity and enhancement of viral fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okano F, Merad M, Furumoto K, Engleman EG. In vivo manipulation of dendritic cells overcomes tolerance to unmodified tumor-associated self antigens and induces potent antitumor immunity. J Immunol 2005; 174:2645-52. [PMID: 15728471 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most tumor-associated Ags are self proteins that fail to elicit a T cell response as a consequence of immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DCs) generated ex vivo have been used to break tolerance against such self Ags; however, in vitro manipulation of DCs is cumbersome and difficult to control, resulting in vaccines of variable potency. To address this problem we developed a method for loading and activating DCs, in situ, by first directing sufficient numbers of DCs to peripheral tissues using Flt3 ligand and then delivering a tumor-associated Ag and oligonucleotide containing unmethylated CG motifs to these tissues. In this study, we show in three different tumor models that this method can overcome tolerance and induce effective antitumor immunity. Vaccination resulted in the generation of CD8(+) T and NK cell effectors that mediated durable tumor responses without attacking normal tissues. These findings demonstrate that unmodified tumor-associated self Ags can be targeted to DCs in vivo to induce potent systemic antitumor immunity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Autoantigens/administration & dosage
- Autoantigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/administration & dosage
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Immune Tolerance
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Oxidoreductases/administration & dosage
- Oxidoreductases/immunology
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyoshi Okano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grosenbaugh DA, Leard T, Pardo MC, Motes-Kreimeyer L, Royston M. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a recombinant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine delivered transdermally and an inactivated FeLV vaccine delivered subcutaneously. Vet Ther 2004; 5:258-62. [PMID: 15719325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a new recombinant FeLV vaccine (rFeLV), delivered transdermally via a needle-free delivery device was compared to that of an inactivated FeLV vaccine (FeLV-k), administered subcutaneously, with a conventional needle and syringe. Kittens were immunized with either rFeLV (0.25 ml, transdermal) or FeLV-k (1 ml, subcutaneous); or they were sham-vaccinated with physiologic saline (0.25 ml, transdermal). Two vaccinations were administered 21 days apart. Injection sites were monitored for any acute or subacute reactions relative to vaccine administration. Four weeks following the final vaccination, all cats were subject to oro-nasal FeLV challenge. Blood was collected for determination of FeLV antigenemia (p27) at weekly intervals beginning three weeks post-challenge. All of the vaccinated cats from both groups resisted FeLV challenge; and 90% of the control cats developed persistent FeLV antigenemia in response to challenge. No acute or persistent injection site reactions were observed. The rFeLV, delivered transdermally, provides protection against persistent FeLV antigenemia following a robust challenge that is equivalent to that of FeLV-k.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/blood
- Cats
- Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary
- Leukemia Virus, Feline/immunology
- Leukemia, Feline/prevention & control
- Random Allocation
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/standards
- Safety
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination/veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/standards
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/standards
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/standards
Collapse
|
6
|
Rice J, Buchan S, Stevenson FK. Critical components of a DNA fusion vaccine able to induce protective cytotoxic T cells against a single epitope of a tumor antigen. J Immunol 2002; 169:3908-13. [PMID: 12244189 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines can activate immunity against tumor Ags expressed as MHC class I-associated peptides. However, priming of CD8(+) CTL against weak tumor Ags may require adjuvant molecules. We have used a pathogen-derived sequence from tetanus toxin (fragment C (FrC)) fused to tumor Ag sequences to promote Ab and CD4(+) T cell responses. For induction of CD8(+) T cell responses, the FrC sequence has been engineered to remove potentially competitive MHC class I-binding epitopes and to improve presentation of tumor epitopes. The colon carcinoma CT26 expresses an endogenous retroviral gene product, gp70, containing a known H2-L(d)-restricted epitope (AH1). A DNA vaccine encoding gp70 alone was a poor inducer of CTL, and performance was not significantly improved by fusion of full-length FrC. However, use of a minimized domain of FrC, with the AH1 sequence fused to the 3' position, led to rapid induction of high levels of CTL. IFN-gamma-producing epitope-specific CTL were detectable ex vivo and these killed CT26 targets in vitro. The single epitope vaccine was more effective than GM-CSF-transfected CT26 tumor cells in inducing an AH1-specific CTL response and equally effective in providing protection against tumor challenge. Levels of AH1-specific CTL in vivo were increased following injection of tumor cells, and CTL expanded in vitro were able to kill CT26 cells in tumor bearers. Pre-existing immunity to tetanus toxoid had no effect on the induction of AH1-specific CTL. These data demonstrate the power of epitope-specific CTL against tumor cells and illustrate a strategy for priming immunity via a dual component DNA vaccine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Growth Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Growth Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Growth Inhibitors/genetics
- Growth Inhibitors/immunology
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemical synthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Tetanus Toxoid/administration & dosage
- Tetanus Toxoid/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/chemical synthesis
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rice
- Molecular Immunology Group, Tenovus Laboratory, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harbour DA, Gunn-Moore DA, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Caney SMA, Bradshaw J, Jarrett O, Wiseman A. Protection against oronasal challenge with virulent feline leukaemia virus lasts for at least 12 months following a primary course of immunisation with Leukocell 2 vaccine. Vaccine 2002; 20:2866-72. [PMID: 12126896 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The duration of immunity provided by a feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine, Leukocell 2, was determined. Kittens were vaccinated when 9 and 12 weeks of age and were challenged 12 months later with FeLV-A/Glasgow-1. An oronasal challenge protocol without corticosteroid enhancement was developed in order to induce a persistent viraemia in a high proportion of adult cats. Fourteen of 18 (80%) of the vaccinated cats challenged in this way remained non-viraemic while 9/15 (60%) of age-matched controls became persistently infected, a preventable fraction of 63%. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.038). For comparison, 10 of 12 (83%) 15-17-week-old kittens challenged in the same way became persistently infected, confirming the relative resistance of adult animals to FeLV. Tests for virus neutralising and anti-feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) antibodies suggested that the former were more important than the latter in protection. Thus, Leukocell 2 protected a significant proportion of cats from FeLV challenge 1 year after primary vaccination as kittens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Harbour
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Romatowski J. Recommendations of the vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:890. [PMID: 9096712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
9
|
Kass PH, Barnes WG, Spangler WL, Chomel BB, Culbertson MR. Epidemiologic evidence for a causal relation between vaccination and fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 203:396-405. [PMID: 8257557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Within the past 2 years, a putative causal relationship has been reported between vaccination against rabies and the development of fibrosarcomas at injection sites in cats. A retrospective study was undertaken, involving 345 cats with fibrosarcomas diagnosed between January 1991 and May 1992, to assess the causal hypothesis. Cats with fibrosarcomas developing at body locations where vaccines are typically administered (n = 185) were compared with controls (n = 160) having fibrosarcomas at locations not typically used for vaccination. In cats receiving FeLV vaccination within 2 years of tumorigenesis, the time between vaccination and tumor development was significantly (P = 0.005) shorter for tumors developing at sites where vaccines are typically administered than for tumors at other sites. Univariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed associations between FeLV vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54 to 5.15), rabies vaccination at the cervical/interscapular region (OR = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.01 to 4.31), and rabies vaccination at the femoral region (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 0.65 to 5.10) with fibrosarcoma development at the vaccination site within 1 year of vaccination. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and other vaccines, also revealed increased risks after FeLV (OR = 5.49; 95% CI = 1.98 to 15.24) and rabies (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.72 to 5.54) vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Kass
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8735
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Cats were vaccinated with one of the three preparations: purified feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) incorporated into immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), recombinant FIV p24 ISCOMs, or a fixed, inactivated cell vaccine in quil A. Cats inoculated with the FIV ISCOMs or the recombinant p24 ISCOMs developed high titres of antibodies against the core protein p24 but had no detectable antibodies against the env protein gp120 or virus neutralising antibodies. In contrast, all of the cats inoculated with the fixed, inactivated cell vaccine developed anti-env antibodies and four of five had detectable levels of neutralising antibody. However, none of the vaccinated cats were protected from infection after intraperitoneal challenge with 20 infectious units of FIV. Indeed there appeared to be enhancement of infection after vaccination as the vaccinated cats become viraemic sooner than the unvaccinated controls, and 100% of the vaccinated cats became viraemic compared with 78% of the controls. The mechanism responsible for this enhancement remains unknown.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cats
- Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology
- Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
- Gene Products, gag/administration & dosage
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/growth & development
- Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/immunology
- Neutralization Tests
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- Vaccination/veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viremia/veterinary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hosie
- University of Glasgow, Department of Veterinary Pathology, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lehmann R, Joller H, Haagmans BL, Lutz H. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: effects of immunization and feline leukemia virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 35:61-9. [PMID: 1337403 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by cell culture bioassay in supernatants of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated feline monocyte cultures and in cat serum samples. There was a good correlation between the results obtained by the two methods. From the fact that TNF alpha was neutralized quantitatively by antibodies to human TNF alpha in feline monocyte supernatants and in feline sera, it was concluded that feline TNF alpha immunologically cross-reacts with human TNF alpha and that the human TNF alpha ELISA can be used to quantitate feline TNF alpha. During the first 6 months after experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection no differences in serum TNF alpha values were observed between infected and non-infected cats. TNF alpha levels increased significantly after primary vaccination with a feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine in FIV infected cats over those in the non-infected controls. During secondary immune response TNF alpha levels rose transiently for a period of a few days in both the FIV positive and the FIV negative cats. After FeLV challenge, TNF alpha levels increased in all animals challenged with virulent FeLV for a period of 3 weeks. This period corresponded to the time necessary to develop persistent FeLV viremia in the control cats. It was concluded from these experiments that in the asymptomatic phase of FIV infection no increased levels of TNF alpha are present, similar to the situation in asymptomatic HIV infected humans. Activation of monocytes/macrophages in FIV infected cats by stimuli such as vaccination or FeLV challenge readily leads to increased levels of TNF alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lehmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wardley RC, Berlinski PJ, Thomsen DR, Meyer AL, Post LE. The use of feline herpesvirus and baculovirus as vaccine vectors for the gag and env genes of feline leukaemia virus. J Gen Virol 1992; 73 ( Pt 7):1811-8. [PMID: 1321214 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-7-1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The env and gag genes from feline leukaemia virus were expressed in a thymidine kinase-negative feline herpes-virus and a baculovirus. Cats were vaccinated with various combinations of these recombinant viruses and 100% protection against feline leukaemia virus challenge was achieved using an immunization schedule which utilized both env and gag products delivered at both a mucosal and systemic site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Wardley
- Animal Health Therapeutics Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001-0199
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clark N, Kushner NN, Barrett CB, Kensil CR, Salsbury D, Cotter S. Efficacy and safety field trials of a recombinant DNA vaccine against feline leukemia virus infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 199:1433-43. [PMID: 1666099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new recombinant gp70 vaccine was found to be safe and effective for prevention of infection by FeLV. The vaccine incorporates a unique purified saponin adjuvant with the recombinant antigen. Serious systemic reactions were not observed during the efficacy trial. Local reactions were transient and mild. More than 2,000 doses were administered to a cross section of household cats in a field safety trial. Only 1 cat had hypersensitivity reaction, which resolved. Among veterinarians who used the vaccine and the cat owners, the vaccine was judged satisfactory and safe. After rigorous intraperitoneal challenge exposure without use of immunosuppressants, 100% of the controls in the efficacy trial became infected, 70% of which remained persistently infected with FeLV. Among vaccinates, 45% were never viremic and 40% cleared transient infection within 12 weeks after challenge exposure. Of the 20 vaccinated cats, 3 were persistently infected. Overall, 85% of cats vaccinated with this recombinant DNA FeLV vaccine resisted persistent FeLV infection after stringent challenge exposure, which translates to preventable fraction of 78.6%.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Aluminum Hydroxide/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cats
- Female
- Immunization, Secondary/adverse effects
- Immunization, Secondary/veterinary
- Injections, Subcutaneous/adverse effects
- Injections, Subcutaneous/veterinary
- Leukemia Virus, Feline/immunology
- Leukemia, Feline/prevention & control
- Male
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/administration & dosage
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/adverse effects
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- Saponins/immunology
- Vaccination/adverse effects
- Vaccination/veterinary
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/adverse effects
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viremia/prevention & control
- Viremia/veterinary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Clark
- Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|