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Liu W, Luo X, Qiu S, Huang W, Su Y, Li L. Determining the changes in metabolites of Dendrobium officinale juice fermented with starter cultures containing Saccharomycopsis fibuligera FBKL2.8DCJS1 and Lactobacillus paracasei FBKL1.3028 through untargeted metabolomics. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36918762 PMCID: PMC10012521 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the changes in volatile components and metabolites of Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) juice fermented with starter cultures containing Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Lactobacillus paracasei at 28 ℃ for 15 days and post-ripened at 4 ℃ for 30 days using untargeted metabolomics of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC-MS) before and after fermentation. RESULTS The results showed that the alcohol contents in the S. fibuligera group before fermentation and after fermentation were 444.806 ± 10.310 μg/mL and 510.999 ± 38.431 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the alcohol content in the fermentation broth group inoculated with the co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera was 504.758 ± 77.914 μg/mL, containing a significant amount of 3-Methyl-1-butanol, Linalool, Phenylethyl alcohol, and 2-Methyl-1-propanol. Moreover, the Ethyl L (-)-lactate content was higher in the co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera group (7.718 ± 6.668 μg/mL) than in the L. paracasei (2.798 ± 0.443 μg/mL) and S. fibuligera monoculture groups (0 μg/mL). The co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera significantly promoted the metabolic production of ethyl L (-)-lactate in D. officinale juice. The differential metabolites screened after fermentation mainly included alcohols, organic acids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and their derivatives. Twenty-three metabolites, including 11 types of acids, were significantly up-regulated in the ten key metabolic pathways of the co-culture group. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways, such as pentose and glucuronate interconversions, the biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide, and aminobenzoate degradation were significantly up-regulated in the co-culture group. These three metabolic pathways facilitate the synthesis of bioactive substances, such as terpenoids, polyketides, and phenols, and enrich the flavor composition of D. officinale juice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the co-culture of L. paracasei + S. fibuligera can promote the flavor harmonization of fermented products. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the flavor of D. officinale juice and the functional investigation of fermentation metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Liu
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoye Luo
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wu Huang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yanan Su
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Linling Li
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Biophomacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Moon HY, Kim HJ, Kim KS, Yoo SJ, Lee DW, Shin HJ, Seo JA, Kang HA. Molecular characterization of the Saccharomycopsis fibuligera ATF genes, encoding alcohol acetyltransferase for volatile acetate ester formation. J Microbiol 2021; 59:598-608. [PMID: 34052992 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aroma ester components produced by fermenting yeast cells via alcohol acetyltransferase (AATase)-catalyzed intracellular reactions are responsible for the fruity character of fermented alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine. Acetate esters are reportedly produced at relatively high concentrations by non-Saccharomyces species. Here, we identified 12 ATF orthologues (SfATFs) encoding putative AATases, in the diploid genome of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KJJ81, an isolate from wheat-based Nuruk in Korea. The identified SfATF proteins (SfAtfp) display low sequence identities with S. cerevisiae Atf1p (between 13.3 and 27.0%). All SfAtfp identified, except SfAtf(A)4p and SfAtf(B)4p, contained the activation domain (HXXXD) conserved in other Atf proteins. Culture supernatant analysis using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry confirmed that the recombinant S. cerevisiae strains expressing SfAtf(A)2p, SfAtf(B)2p, and SfAtf(B)6p produced high levels of isoamyl and phenethyl acetates. The volatile aroma profiles generated by the SfAtf proteins were distinctive from that of S. cerevisiae Atf1p, implying difference in the substrate preference. Cellular localization analysis using GFP fusion revealed the localization of SfAtf proteins proximal to the lipid particles, consistent with the presence of amphipathic helices at their N- and C-termini. This is the first report that systematically characterizes the S. fibuligera ATF genes encoding functional AATases responsible for acetate ester formation using higher alcohols as substrate, demonstrating their biotechnological potential for volatile ester production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Moon
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seung Kim
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Yoo
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Je Shin
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Seo
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Junker K, Chailyan A, Hesselbart A, Forster J, Wendland J. Multi-omics characterization of the necrotrophic mycoparasite Saccharomycopsis schoenii. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007692. [PMID: 31071195 PMCID: PMC6508603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic yeasts and fungi are an increasing global healthcare burden, but discovery of novel antifungal agents is slow. The mycoparasitic yeast Saccharomycopsis schoenii was recently demonstrated to be able to kill the emerging multi-drug resistant yeast pathogen Candida auris. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the predatory activity of S. schoenii have not been explored. To this end, we de novo sequenced, assembled and annotated a draft genome of S. schoenii. Using proteomics, we confirmed that Saccharomycopsis yeasts have reassigned the CTG codon and translate CTG into serine instead of leucine. Further, we confirmed an absence of all genes from the sulfate assimilation pathway in the genome of S. schoenii, and detected the expansion of several gene families, including aspartic proteases. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model prey cell, we honed in on the timing and nutritional conditions under which S. schoenii kills prey cells. We found that a general nutrition limitation, not a specific methionine deficiency, triggered predatory activity. Nevertheless, by means of genome-wide transcriptome analysis we observed dramatic responses to methionine deprivation, which were alleviated when S. cerevisiae was available as prey, and therefore postulate that S. schoenii acquired methionine from its prey cells. During predation, both proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that S. schoenii highly upregulated and translated aspartic protease genes, probably used to break down prey cell walls. With these fundamental insights into the predatory behavior of S. schoenii, we open up for further exploitation of this yeast as a biocontrol yeast and/or source for novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Junker
- Yeast & Fermentation, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Chailyan
- Yeast & Fermentation, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Hesselbart
- Yeast & Fermentation, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jochen Forster
- Yeast & Fermentation, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Wendland
- Yeast & Fermentation, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Functional Yeast Genomics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Kaur K, Sangwan S, Kaur H. Biosurfactant production by yeasts isolated from hydrocarbon polluted environments. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:603. [PMID: 29101578 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two yeast isolates were retrieved from four soil samples collected from hydrocarbon-polluted locations of Hisar, Haryana, using enrichment culture technique with 1% (v/v) diesel as carbon source. Total nine isolates showing blood agar haemolysis were screened further for biosurfactant production. Yeast isolate, YK32, gave highest 8.4-cm oil displacement which was found to be significantly higher as compared to positive control, 0.2% (w/v) SDS (6.6 cm), followed by 6.2 and 6.0 cm by isolates YK20 and YK21, respectively. Maximum emulsification index was obtained in case of isolates YK20 and YK21 measuring 53.8%, after 6 days of incubation utilizing glucose as carbon source, whereas isolate YK32 was found to be reducing surface tension up to 93 dynes/cm and presented 99.6% degree of hydrophobicity. Olive oil has supported maximum surface tension reduction in isolates YK32 and YK21 equivalent to 53 and 48 dynes/cm and gave 88.3 and 88.5% degree of hydrophobicity, respectively. Diesel was not preferred as carbon source by most of the isolates except YK28 which generated 5.5-cm oil displacement, 25% emulsification index, reduced surface tension to the level of 38 dynes/cm and presented 89% degree of hydrophobicity. Conclusively, isolates YK20, YK21, YK22 and YK32 were marked as promising biosurfactant producers and were subjected to identification. Based on microscopic examination and biochemical peculiarities, isolates YK21 and YK22 might be identified as Candida spp., whereas, isolates YK20 and YK32 might be identified as Saccharomycopsis spp. and Brettanomyces spp., respectively. Interestingly it is the first report indicating Saccharomycopsis spp. and Brettanomyces spp. as a potential biosurfactant producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Seema Sangwan
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
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Chi Z, Wang JM, Chi ZM, Ye F. Trehalose accumulation from corn starch by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 during 2-l fermentation and trehalose purification. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:19-25. [PMID: 19967448 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, corn starch was used as the substrate for cell growth and trehalose accumulation by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11. Effect of different aeration rates, agitation speeds, and concentrations of corn starch on direct conversion of corn starch to trehalose by S. fibuligera A11 were examined using a Biostat B2 2-l fermentor. We found that the optimal conditions for direct conversion of corn starch to trehalose by this yeast strain were that agitation speed was 200 rpm, aeration rate was 4.0 l/min, concentration of corn starch was 2.0% (w/v), initial pH was 5.5, fermentation temperature was 30 degrees C. Under these conditions, over 22.9 g of trehalose per 100 g of cell dry weight was accumulated in the yeast cells, cell mass was 15.2 g/l of the fermentation medium, 0.12% (w/v) of reducing sugar, and 0.21% (w/v) of total sugar were left in the fermented medium within 48 h of the fermentation. It was found that trehalose in the yeast cells could be efficiently extracted by the hot distilled water (80 degrees C). After isolation and purification, the crystal trehalose was obtained from the extract of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chi
- Unesco Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Huang W, Li Z, Niu H, Li L, Lin W, Yang J. Utilization of acorn fringe for ellagic acid production by Aspergillus oryzae and Endomyces fibuliger. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:3552-8. [PMID: 17826988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of acorn fringe extract into ellagic acid production by Aspergillus oryzae and Endomyces fibuliger were investigated. The results showed that ellagic acid production was maximized when co-fermentation of the two fungi was performed at 30 degrees C and pH 5.0 with 5.7 g/l of initial substrate concentration, which were close to the optimal values for both fungi to yield an appropriate consortium of hydrolytic enzymes. Meanwhile, it was found that the co-fermentation could compensate the deficiencies in the level of polyphenol oxidase activity from pure A. oryzae and the levels of ellagitannin acyl hydrolase and beta-glucosidase activities from pure E. fibuliger, resulting in. 0.91 g/l of biomass concentration containing 1.84 g/l of ellagic acid. The research not only demonstrates that the co-fermentation is an effective approach to utilize forest byproduct for ellagic acid production, but also provides more evidences for understanding evolution of ellagic acid production with enzymes actions, which is important for process control of ellagic acid production in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, State Key Lab of Biotherapy of Human Diseases, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Liang LK, Wang XK, Zhu KL, Chi ZM. Trehalose synthesis in Saccharomycopsis fibuligera does not respond to stress treatments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:1084-91. [PMID: 17086411 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of trehalose in Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sdu under various stress conditions was investigated. Neither the activation of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (SfTPS1) nor the change in trehalose content was observed under stress exposure of S. fibuligera sdu cells. The results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which was performed with the specific primers designed to target the SfTPS1 gene fragment cloned from this strain, also showed that all stress treatments did not increase the expression of SfTPS1 gene. These results demonstrated that synthesis of trehalose in response to stress conditions in S. fibuligera sdu clearly differs from that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and most other fungi. The phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequence deduced from the SfTPS1 gene fragment showed that the SfTPS1 sequence formed a separate family that was far related to S. cerevisiae TPS1. The yeast strain, which can accumulate a large amount of trehalose under normal growth conditions, has many applications and TPS1 gene in such strain may have unique use in transgenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yantai University, Qingquan Road, No.30, Yantai 264005, China.
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Sebolai OM, Kock JLF, Pohl CH, Botes PJ, Strauss CJ, Van Wyk PWJ, Nigam S. The presence of 3-hydroxy oxylipins on the ascospore surfaces of some species representing Saccharomycopsis Schiönning. Can J Microbiol 2005; 51:605-12. [PMID: 16175210 DOI: 10.1139/w05-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Through gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, the presence of oxylipins, mainly 3-hydroxy 9:1 and 3-hydroxy 10:1, was detected in Saccharomycopsis fermentans, Saccharomycopsis javanensis, and Saccharomycopsis vini. The distribution of these compounds was mapped using immunofluorescence microscopy, and they were found to be closely associated with the surfaces of aggregating ascospores.Key words: ascospores, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, 3-hydroxy oxylipins, immunofluorescence microscopy, Saccharomycopsis, yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M Sebolai
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, South Africa
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9
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Abstract
In our previous studies, it was found that Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sdu cells could accumulate 18.0% (gg(-1)) trehalose from soluble starch in SSY medium. However, the yeast strain contained high activities of acid and neutral trehalases, which were reported to mobilize trehalose accumulated by the cells during fermentation. In order to enhance the yield of trehalose, it is necessary to remove the trehalase activities from the cells. By mutagenesis of ethylmethanesulfonate, one mutant that assimilated trehalose very slowly, but grew on other carbon sources as fast as its parent strain, was isolated. In Biostat B2 2-1 fermentation, trehalose accumulation of the mutant was much higher than that of the wild type when grown in YPS medium containing starch. The activities of acid and neutral trehalases of this mutant were much lower than those of the wild type, respectively. We think the reduction of acid and neutral trehalase activities is considered to be responsible for the increased yield of trehalose accumulated by the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Chi
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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Sebolai O, Kock JL, Pohl CH, Smith DP, Botes PJ, Pretorius EE, Van Wyk PW, Nigam S. Bioprospecting for novel hydroxyoxylipins in fungi: presence of 3-hydroxy palmitic acid in Saccharomycopsis malanga. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2001; 80:311-5. [PMID: 11827217 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013089817318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy studies indicated that the major oxylipin 3-hydroxy palmitic acid (16:0) was associated with aggregating vegetative cells and formed a web-like structure around these cells. Cross sections through this structure showed a hydrophilic outer layer and a more hydrophobic inner layer suggesting that the web-like structure is in fact tube-like micelles. This information sheds more light on the role of these hydroxyoxylipins in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sebolai
- UNESCO MIRCEN, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Kock JL, Strauss T, Pohl CH, Smith DP, Botes PJ, Pretorius EE, Tepeny T, Botha A, Nigam S. Bioprospecting for novel oxylipins in fungi: the presence of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in Pilobolus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2001; 80:93-9. [PMID: 11761371 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012200119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As previously found in various members of the Mucorales, 3-hydroxy oxylipins in Mucor genevensis are associated with the sporangia, i.e. mainly the columella structure and between aggregating sporangiospores. To determine if this phenomenon is also true in distantly related members, the mucoralean fungus Pilobolus was examined. This fungus is characterized by relatively large sub sporangial-columella structures which actively eject sporangia in a sticky liquid for attachment onto herbage surrounding its growth medium--in this case horse dung. Strikingly, this fungus produced a novel oxylipin i.e. a 3-hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid, possibly a nonenoic acid, which is mainly associated with the sub sporangial-columella structure and aggregating sporangiospores. The specificity of the antibody against 3-hydroxy oxylipins used in immunofluorescence mapping of the mucoralean fungi, was further confirmed in the yeast, Saccharomycopsis malanga which produces 3-hydroxy palmitate in crystal form. These crystals occur between aggregating yeast cells. On the basis of the available data, we hypothesize that 3-hydroxy oxylipins probably function as adhesives, attaching fungal cells to each other or to other surfaces through entropic based hydrophobic forces and/or hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kock
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Ma JS, Zhou QL, Fei XF, Sun Y, Wang BX. [Metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 and panaxadiol saponins by fungi]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2001; 36:603-5. [PMID: 12579938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the metabolic process of ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) and panaxadiol saponins (PDS) by fungi. METHODS Ten strains of fungi were incubated with G-Rb1 and PDS at a certain temperature with shaking. A portion was taken out at different time and mixed up with butanol. The butanol extract was analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionazition mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). RESULTS It was found that there were ginsenoside-Rd (G-Rd), ginsenoside-F2 (G-F2), compound K (CK) and 20(S) protopanaxadiol (Ppd) metabolites beside the prodrug G-Rb1 induced by fungi (No. 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9). CONCLUSION The six strains of fungi have different degrees of ability to metabolize G-Rb1 and PDS. The possible metabolic process could be as follows: G-Rb1 (or PDS)-->G-Rd-->G-F2-->CK-->Ppd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ma
- Research Centre of New Drug, Changchun College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
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Abstract
Yeast predation was studied with respect to the range of its distribution among ascomycetous yeasts, the range of yeast species that can be affected, and nutritional aspects of the phenomenon. The yeasts identified as predators belong to the Saccharomycopsis clade as defined on the basis of rDNA sequence relatedness. The 11 recognized species in the clade, plus three undescribed but related Candida species, were shown to be incapable of utilizing sulfate as sole source of sulfur, and all but two (Saccharomycopsis capsularis and Saccharomycopsis vini) were observed to penetrate and kill other yeasts under some conditions. Other unrelated sulfate transport-deficient yeasts (strains in the genera Pichia and Candida and the two known species of Starmera) are not predacious. The predacious species vary considerably as to the optimal environmental conditions that favour predation. Some are inhibited by the presence of rich nitrogenous nutrients, organic sulfur compounds, or higher concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, whereas other species may be stimulated under the same conditions. An attempt was made to correlate prey susceptibility to the excretion of substances that stimulate the growth of predators, but no correlation was detected between the two phenomena. The range of susceptible prey covers both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which was previously thought to be immune. The achlorophyllous alga Prototheca zopfii is not killed by predacious yeasts, but the initial steps of penetration have been observed in some cases. Predacious species attack other predacious species, and in some cases, young cultures may penetrate older cultures of the same strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lachance
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Giulietti AL, Comuzzi RM, Fernández GM, Neme AS, Silva PG, Silva HJ. [Biodegradation of a lipid-rich effluent by native bacteria]. Rev Argent Microbiol 1997; 29:215-8. [PMID: 9472144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From samples of effluent derived from a biological treatment plant of a mayonnaise and margarine producing factory, several bacteria strains presenting high lipolytic activities were isolated. The strain having the highest activity was used for treating a typical final effluent and the results obtained were compared with those achieved with Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomycopsis lipolytica strains. The isolated strain showed the highest specific capacity for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Giulietti
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Económico-Sociales, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
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Kanzaki H, Isobe A, Izumi Y, Yamada H. Production of benzoylformic acid from phenylglycine by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Agric Biol Chem 1990; 54:2101-5. [PMID: 1368611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of benzoylformic acid (BF), which can be used as a substrate of enzymatic synthesis of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid, was investigated. Among 145 strains of yeasts and actinomycetes, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica (IAM 4964) was the best producer of BF from DL-phenylglycine (DL-PG). Culture conditions for BF production by the organism were optimized. When 0.2% fructose as a carbon source and 0.7% Bacto-tryptone as a nitrogen source were used in the presence of 4% DL-PG, 14.5 mg/ml of BF was produced (about 37% molar yield) in 4 days of cultivation. BF was synthesized from the L-form of PG, but not from the D-form. The BF was isolated from culture broth in a crystalline form and physicochemically identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kanzaki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Japan
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Machida M, Ohtsuki I, Fukui S, Yamashita I. Nucleotide sequences of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera genes for extracellular beta-glucosidases as expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:3147-55. [PMID: 3146949 PMCID: PMC204441 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.12.3147-3155.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated two genes for extracellular beta-glucosidase, BGL1 and BGL2, from the genomic library of the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Gene products (BGLI and BGLII) were purified from the culture fluids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with BGL1 and BGL2, respectively. Molecular weights of BGLI and BGLII were estimated to be 220,000 and 200,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two beta-glucosidases showed the same enzymatic characteristics, such as thermo-denaturation kinetics and dependencies on pH and temperature, but quite different substrate specificities: BGLI hydrolyzed cellobiose efficiently, but BGLII did not. This result is consistent with the observation that the S. cerevisiae transformant carrying BGL1 fermented cellobiose to ethanol but the transformant carrying BGL2 did not. Southern blot analysis revealed that the two beta-glucosidase genes were derived from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and that the nucleotide sequences of the two genes are closely related. The complete nucleotide sequences of the two genes were determined. BGL1 and BGL2 encode 876- and 880-amino-acid proteins which were shown to be highly similar to each other. The putative precursors begin with hydrophobic segments that presumably act as signal sequences for secretion. Amino acid analysis of the purified proteins confirmed that BGL1 and BGL2 encode BGLI and BGLII, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Machida
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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White MJ, Hammond RC, Rose AH. Production of long-chain alcohols by yeasts. J Gen Microbiol 1987; 133:2181-90. [PMID: 3327916 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-133-8-2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen yeast strains from six genera were analysed for the presence of long-chain alcohols. Six strains from three genera contained long-chain alcohols, highest levels being found in Candida albicans. The alcohols were identified and determined by TLC, GLC and GLC-MS. The major long-chain alcohols synthesized by these organisms were saturated, primary alcohols with C14, C16 or C18 chain length. Unsaturated long-chain alcohols were not detected. In all strains that produced long-chain alcohols, the relative proportions were C16 greater than C18 greater than C14. Long-chain alcohol contents were higher in organisms from anaerobically, as compared with aerobically, grown cultures reaching about 650 micrograms (g dry wt organisms)-1 in stationary-phase cultures of C. albicans. In cultures of C. albicans, synthesis of long-chain alcohols occurred only after the end of exponential growth. The alcohols were predominantly present as free alcohols. The fatty-acyl chain-length profile of the triacylglycerol and to a lesser extent the sterol/wax ester fractions from C. albicans reflected that of the long-chain alcohols produced by this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J White
- Zymology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bath University, Avon, UK
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Franke-Rinker D, Behrens U, Nöckel E, Forner C, Portnowa A. [Joint utilization of glucose and n-alkanes in citric acid synthesis by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica]. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1983; 23:9-16. [PMID: 6868651 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fermentations for the overproduction of citrate and isocitrate with S. lipolytica in media containing both glucose and n-alkanes as mixed C-source have been performed. Biomass and product yields strongly depend on the C-source of the inoculation culture. If the inoculation culture had been taken from media containing glucose as sole C-source both glucose and n-alkanes were utilized for cell growth in the main culture whereas only glucose was utilized if the inoculation medium contained only n-alkanes. For idiophasic citrate and isocitrate production both glucose and n-alkanes were consumed independently of the C-source of the inoculum but that C-source was preferentially utilized which has been the C-source of the inoculation culture. These findings are reflected by the activities of the isocitrate lyase and the pyruvate carboxylase, respectively. In S. lipolytica both anaplerotic pathways are coexisting but the C-source of the inoculation culture determines the level of the specific activities even if the ratio of the cell-mass of the inoculum to the cell mass of the main culture at the end of the growth phase is about 1:35.
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Grafl HJ, Schwantes HO. [Effects of cadmium, zinc, lead and mercury on the growth and accumulating ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, Candida tropicalis, and Candida utilis]. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B 1983; 177:57-74. [PMID: 6367300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium, zinc, lead, and mercury on the growth and the accumulating ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, Candida tropicalis, and Candida utilis had been studied. Generally the experiments resulted in the following findings: Very small concentrations of cadmium and mercury already decrease the growth intensity of the yeasts by lengthening the lag period and the doubling time. The cell yield is not reduced. Zinc increases the productivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomycopsis lipolytica by shortening the lag period. The lead concentrations investigated show no significant influence on the growth. Low pH values intensify the effectiveness of the four heavy metals. The yeasts tested accumulate heavy metals, especially cadmium, to high concentrations and therefore substrates containing heavy metals are only limited suitable for the scp-production with yeasts.
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Hönes I. [Regulation of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. I. Effect of the carbon source on isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activity]. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1983; 23:163-71. [PMID: 6880249 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630230304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies on the activities of isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS) were carried out with Saccharomycopsis lipolytica incubating the yeast on media with different carbon sources. When cells were incubated in minimal medium with glucose, the activities of both enzymes were very low. In contrast, in minimal medium with acetate enhanced enzyme activities could be demonstrated. It is probably that the synthesis of ICL is repressed in presence of glucose. Furthermore the activity of ICL was inhibited by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates like succinic acid and oxalacetic acid. It was concluded that the syntheses of enzymes are derepressed. When cells of Sm. lipolytica were incubated in minimal medium with acetate, a high enzyme activity is evident. Synthesis of ICL on acetate was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The results were discussed comparing them with data obtained from other organisms.
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Abstract
Spontaneous mutants of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica were selected and partially characterized. Several antibiotics and antimetabolites were used for selection of spontaneous resistant mutants from Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. The frequencies of such mutants were mainly arranged between 1 X 10(-7) and 5 X 10(-6) mutants per cell. But one class of glucosamine resistant mutants (GAMRA) occurred more frequently. Among the resistant mutants different types of dominant and recessive resistant mutants could be observed. UV light was used for inactivation of cells and induction of mutants from S. lipolytica. Comparing four haploid strains only small differences were detected in sensitivity to UV light. UV light at a dosage of 135 J/m2 was applied to increase the mutant frequencies in three haploid strains. Besides auxotrophic, temperature sensitive and colony morphology mutants, some new mutant types like small colony forming mutants, red-brown coloured mutants, some new mutant types like small colony forming mutants, red-brown coloured mutants, allylalcohol, glucosamine, 2-deoxyglucose or nystatin resistant mutants, hitherto not described for S. lipolytica, were isolated and partially characterized.
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Beckerich JM, Lambert M, Heslot H. Mutations affecting simultaneously the lysine and polyphosphates pools in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 100:1292-8. [PMID: 6791645 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Stottmeister U, Behrens U, Göhler W. [Effect of oxygen partial pressure on citric acid synthesis in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica using n-alkanes]. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1981; 21:677-87. [PMID: 7336771 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630210907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of growth formation of citric acids (citrate: isocitrate = 1:1) on oxygen parital pressure of an alkane utilising yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica was investigated. During growth oxygen corresponds to a Michaelis-Menten-kinetics (Ks = 2.0 . 10(-5) M). The respiration quotient RQ for a dissolved oxygen concentration in the range of 10-100% (air saturation) is 0.46 +/- +/- 0.04. The phase of product formation is characterized by 3 sections. Immediately after N-exhaustion the cell activities are the highest. They decline during the first 30 hours of production. Besides the production of reserve material in this first section the highest production rate for citrate and isocitrate is observed. The rate of citric acid production depends on the oxygen partial pressure and is governed by Michaelis-Menten-kinetics. The specific production rate and the rate of oxygen consumption correspond to KS-values of 4.0 X 10(-5) and 3.3 X 10(-5) M, respectively. The RQ-value declines to a constant value of 0.23 +/- 0.02 and is not influenced by oxygen partial pressures in the range of 10--100% (related to air saturation). During the second section cell activities remain nearly constant for about 100 h. Due to this constancy the following equation could be derived: 14 O2 + C15H32 leads to 2 C6H8O7 + 3 CO2 + 8 H2O. In the third section the cell activities decline again.
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Damanet-Ledrut MJ, Nyns EJ. Mitochondrial reduction of Fe (III) chelates, an apparent cyanide-insensitive respiration [proceedings]. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1979; 87:785-7. [PMID: 93903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
In order to obtain strains of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica impaired in the active transport of L-lysine, mutants resistant to a mixture of L-canavanine, L-4-5-transdehydrolysine and L-S-amino ethylcysteine, taken either all three or two by two, were isolated. These compounds were shown previously to be competitive inhibitors of L-lysine uptake. The resistance patterns and excretion capacity of the mutants were established. All mutants behaved as monogenic. Recombination tests indicated that four genes at least were involved. All mutants were impaired in both high and low affinity L-lysine transport systems. Several hypotheses on the functions of these genes are put forward and discussed.
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Barth G, Künkel W. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in yeasts. II. NAD+-and NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1979; 19:381-90. [PMID: 44398 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630190603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Sm. lipolytica one NAD+-dependent and three NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases are detectable by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. The NAD+-dependent ADH (ADH I), with a molecular weight of 240,000 daltons, reacts more intensively with long-chain alcohols (octanol) than with short-chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol). The ADH I is not or only minimally subject to glucose repression. Besides the ADH I band no additional inducible NAD+-dependent ADH band is gel-electrophoretically detectable during growth of yeast cells in medium containing ethanol or paraffin. The ADH I band is very probably formed by two ADH enzymes with the same electrophoretic mobility. The NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH II--IV) react with methanol, ethanol and octanol with different intensity. In polyacrylamide gradients two bands of NADP+-dependent ADH are detectable: one with a molecular weight of 70,000 daltons and the other with 120,000 daltons. The occurrence of the three NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases is regulated by the carbon source of the medium. Sm. lipolytica shows a high tolerance against allylalcohol. Resistant mutants can be isolated only at concentrations of 1 M allylalcohol in the medium. All isolates of allylalcohol-resistant mutants show identical growth in medium containing ethanol as the wild type strain.
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Roy PK, Singh HD, Baruah JN. Metabolism of n-alkane in Endomycopsis lipolytica (Saccharomycopsis lipolytica): Part IV--Characteristics of lipid formation from n-alkanes by non-proliferating cells. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1978; 15:456-61. [PMID: 753745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Henry MF. Iron-sulfur centres in cyanide-insensitive mitochondria from Saccharomycopsis lipolytica [proceedings]. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1978; 86:429-31. [PMID: 81011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Henry MF. Appearance of an electron paramagnetic resonance signal during the induction of the cyanide-insensitive respiration in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica [proceedings]. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1978; 86:431-2. [PMID: 81012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Troostembergh JC, Nyns EJ. Kinetics of the respiration of cyanide-insensitive mitochondria from the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Eur J Biochem 1978; 85:423-32. [PMID: 206436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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De Troostembergh JC, Nyns EJ. Non electrogenic function of the mitochondrial, alternative, cyanide-insensitive respiration in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Arch Microbiol 1978; 116:297-302. [PMID: 206220 DOI: 10.1007/bf00417855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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de Troostembergh JC, Nyns EJ. Induction by acetate of the cyanide-insensitive respiration in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica [proceedings]. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1977; 85:968-9. [PMID: 79386 DOI: 10.3109/13813457709053308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Henry MF, Nyns EJ. Reversion by Fe(III) of the inhibition by hydroxamic acids of the cyanide-insensitive respiration in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Arch Microbiol 1977; 114:171-4. [PMID: 907427 DOI: 10.1007/bf00410780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific inhibitory effect of benzhydroxamic acid on the cyanide-insensitive respiration could be reversed in whole cells of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, by addition of Fe(III), in a way suggesting a competition between the added iron and an enzyme-bound metallic ion, both central atoms for the ligand benzhydroxamic acid. The possibility that added metal ions modify the penetration of BHAM into the cells was ruled out. Co(II), Cu(II) and Al(III) could substitute for Fe(III). A linear relation between the concentration in added Fe(III) and the reversed respiration rate was observed. At a given cell concentration, the reversion by added Fe(III) of the inhibitory effect of benzhydroxamic acid on the alternative respiration appeared more related to the degree of inhibition rather than to the concentration in added inhibitor. Increasing cell concentrations required increasing amounts of Fe(III) to reach the same level of reversion. No reversal occurred at concentrations in added Fe(III) lower than 0.1 mM, whatever the benzhydroxamic concentration, the cell concentration or the yeast batch.
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Marchal R, Vandecasteele JP, Metche M. Regulation of the central metabolism in relation to citric acid production in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Arch Microbiol 1977; 113:99-104. [PMID: 889390 DOI: 10.1007/bf00428588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the massive extracellular production of citric and isocitric acids by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica grown on n-paraffins has been studied. When growth stops, because of nitrogen limitation, the intracellular concentration of ATP sharply rises whereas that of AMP and ADP decreases to a low level. At the same time production of acids begins. The activity of the NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase which requires AMP for activity becomes very low and prevents the oxidative function of the citric acid cycle whereas isocitrate lyase is not inhibited. As citrate synthase inhibition by ATP appears to be insufficient to stop n-paraffin degradation, citric and isocitric acids accumulation can take place. Massive excretion of these acids, however, probably still involves other physiological changes brought about by nitrogen limitation, possibly some permeabilization of the cell to these acids.
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Morzycka E, Sawnor-Korszyńska D, Paszewski A, Grabski J, Raczyńska-Bojanowska K. Methionine overproduction by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 1976; 32:125-30. [PMID: 970934 PMCID: PMC170017 DOI: 10.1128/aem.32.1.125-130.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Six ethionine-resistant (Etr) regulatory mutants of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica Sl/1 overproducing methionine have been isolated. Five of them are also resistant to seleno-methionine. The activity of homocysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-hormoserine-acetate lyase, adding hydrogen sulfide) is derepressed in these mutants and is not susceptible to the methionine-mediated repression. The pool of free methionine in Etr mutants is enhanced 1.5 to 18 times, and incorporation of 35S into methionine is 1.5 to 50 times higher than that in the wild strain. Neither accumulation of endogenous free methionine in Etr mutants nor the uptake of exogenous methionine is accompanied by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine pool. This implies compartmentation of methionine metabolism in S. lipolytica.
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Henry MF, Nyns EJ. Biological properties of the cyanide-insensitive respiration of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1976; 84:393-4. [PMID: 71060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Wild-type strains of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica are able to use lysine as a carbon or a nitrogen source, but not as a unique source for both. Mutants were selected that could not use lysine either as a nitrogen or as a carbon source. Some of them, however, utilized N-6-acetyllysine or 5-aminovaleric acid. Many of the mutants appeared to be blocked in both utilizations, suggesting a unique pathway for lysine degradation (either as a carbon or as a nitrogen source). Genetic characterization of these mutants was achieved by complementation and recombination tests.
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Bassel J, Hambright P, Mortimer R, Bearden AJ. Mutant of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica that accumulates and excretes protorphyrin IX. J Bacteriol 1975; 123:118-22. [PMID: 1141193 PMCID: PMC235697 DOI: 10.1128/jb.123.1.118-122.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The red, water-insoluble pigment excreted by a mutant strain of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica is show to be protoporphyrin IX. In genetic crosses the red phenotype has the properties characteristic of a defect in a single, recessive nuclear gene. The yield and ease of harvest of protoporphyrin IX from the yeast mutant indicate that this strain or its derivatives may be a valuable source of this substance.
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Gaillardin CM, Sylvestre G, Heslot H. Studies on an unstable phenotype induced by UV irradiation: the lysine excreting (lex(-)) phenotype of the yeast Saccharomycosis lipolytica. Arch Microbiol 1975; 104:89-94. [PMID: 1156098 DOI: 10.1007/bf00447305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Unstable clones excreting L-lysine into their growth medium are obtained at a very high frequency following UV irradiation in both haploid and diploid strains of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, provided they carry a mutation affecting the first enzyme of the lysine pathway and confering resistance to end product inhibition. The phenotype can be stabilized in some sublines; it appears as dominant and coupled with a decrease in spore viability. Excretion in batch cultures is confined to the end of the exponential phase, and seems not to consist in a simple release of the lysine pool content.
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Roy PK, Singh HD, Baruah JN. Metabolism of n-alkane in Endomycopsis lipolytica (Saccharomycopsis lipolytica): Part III. Formation of carbohydrates from hydrocarbons. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1974; 11:279-86. [PMID: 4478836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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