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Argles APK, Robertson E, Harper AB, Morison JIL, Xenakis G, Hastings A, Mccalmont J, Moore JR, Bateman IJ, Gannon K, Betts RA, Bathgate S, Thomas J, Heard M, Cox PM. Modelling the impact of forest management and CO 2-fertilisation on growth and demography in a Sitka spruce plantation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13487. [PMID: 37596319 PMCID: PMC10439122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Afforestation and reforestation to meet 'Net Zero' emissions targets are considered a necessary policy by many countries. Their potential benefits are usually assessed through forest carbon and growth models. The implementation of vegetation demography gives scope to represent forest management and other size-dependent processes within land surface models (LSMs). In this paper, we evaluate the impact of including management within an LSM that represents demography, using both in-situ and reanalysis climate drivers at a mature, upland Sitka spruce plantation in Northumberland, UK. We compare historical simulations with fixed and variable CO2 concentrations, and with and without tree thinning implemented. Simulations are evaluated against the observed vegetation structure and carbon fluxes. Including thinning and the impact of increasing CO2 concentration ('CO2 fertilisation') gave more realistic estimates of stand-structure and physical characteristics. Historical CO2 fertilisation had a noticeable effect on the Gross Primary Productivity seasonal-diurnal cycle and contributed to approximately 7% higher stand biomass by 2018. The net effect of both processes resulted in a decrease of tree density and biomass, but an increase in tree height and leaf area index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur P K Argles
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, Devon, UK.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK.
| | - Eddy Robertson
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, Devon, UK
| | - Anna B Harper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | | | | | - Astley Hastings
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Jon Mccalmont
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Jon R Moore
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Ian J Bateman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics, University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate Gannon
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics, University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Betts
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, Devon, UK
- University of Exeter Global Systems Institute, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | | | - Justin Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Matthew Heard
- The National Trust, Heelis, Kemble Drive, Swindon, SN2 2NA, UK
| | - Peter M Cox
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
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Bateman IJ, Anderson K, Argles A, Belcher C, Betts RA, Binner A, Brazier RE, Cho FHT, Collins RM, Day BH, Duran‐Rojas C, Eisenbarth S, Gannon K, Gatis N, Groom B, Hails R, Harper AB, Harwood A, Hastings A, Heard MS, Hill TC, Inman A, Lee CF, Luscombe DJ, MacKenzie AR, Mancini MC, Morison JIL, Morris A, Quine CP, Snowdon P, Tyler CR, Vanguelova EI, Wilkinson M, Williamson D, Xenakis G. A review of planting principles to identify the right place for the right tree for ‘net zero plus’ woodlands: Applying a place‐based natural capital framework for sustainable, efficient and equitable (
SEE
) decisions. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Bateman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Karen Anderson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Cornwall UK
| | - Arthur Argles
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Claire Belcher
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Richard A. Betts
- University of Exeter Global Systems Institute Exeter UK
- Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter UK
| | - Amy Binner
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Richard E. Brazier
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Frankie H. T. Cho
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Rebecca M. Collins
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Brett H. Day
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Carolina Duran‐Rojas
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Sabrina Eisenbarth
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Kate Gannon
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Naomi Gatis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Ben Groom
- Dragon Capital Chair in Biodiversity Economics, Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | | | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Amii Harwood
- Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Astley Hastings
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Timothy C. Hill
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Alex Inman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Christopher F. Lee
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - David J. Luscombe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Angus R. MacKenzie
- Director, Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Mattia C. Mancini
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | | | - Aaron Morris
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station Roslin UK
| | | | - Pat Snowdon
- Head of Economics and Woodland Carbon Code, Scottish Forestry Edinburgh UK
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Williamson
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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Lee JK, Moraru GM, Stokes JV, Wills RW, Mitchell E, Unz E, Moore-Henderson B, Harper AB, Varela-Stokes AS. Corrigendum to: Rickettsia parkeri and "Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae" in questing Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) from Mississippi. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:2548. [PMID: 34596685 PMCID: PMC8824422 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J K Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Animal Health Institute, Midwestern University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - G M Moraru
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J V Stokes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - R W Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - E Mitchell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - E Unz
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - B Moore-Henderson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - A B Harper
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Paschalis A, Fatichi S, Zscheischler J, Ciais P, Bahn M, Boysen L, Chang J, De Kauwe M, Estiarte M, Goll D, Hanson PJ, Harper AB, Hou E, Kigel J, Knapp AK, Larsen KS, Li W, Lienert S, Luo Y, Meir P, Nabel JEMS, Ogaya R, Parolari AJ, Peng C, Peñuelas J, Pongratz J, Rambal S, Schmidt IK, Shi H, Sternberg M, Tian H, Tschumi E, Ukkola A, Vicca S, Viovy N, Wang YP, Wang Z, Williams K, Wu D, Zhu Q. Rainfall manipulation experiments as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: Where do we stand? Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3336-3355. [PMID: 32012402 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in rainfall amounts and patterns have been observed and are expected to continue in the near future with potentially significant ecological and societal consequences. Modelling vegetation responses to changes in rainfall is thus crucial to project water and carbon cycles in the future. In this study, we present the results of a new model-data intercomparison project, where we tested the ability of 10 terrestrial biosphere models to reproduce the observed sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to rainfall changes at 10 sites across the globe, in nine of which, rainfall exclusion and/or irrigation experiments had been performed. The key results are as follows: (a) Inter-model variation is generally large and model agreement varies with timescales. In severely water-limited sites, models only agree on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration and to a smaller extent on gross primary productivity. In more mesic sites, model agreement for both water and carbon fluxes is typically higher on fine (daily-monthly) timescales and reduces on longer (seasonal-annual) scales. (b) Models on average overestimate the relationship between ecosystem productivity and mean rainfall amounts across sites (in space) and have a low capacity in reproducing the temporal (interannual) sensitivity of vegetation productivity to annual rainfall at a given site, even though observation uncertainty is comparable to inter-model variability. (c) Most models reproduced the sign of the observed patterns in productivity changes in rainfall manipulation experiments but had a low capacity in reproducing the observed magnitude of productivity changes. Models better reproduced the observed productivity responses due to rainfall exclusion than addition. (d) All models attribute ecosystem productivity changes to the intensity of vegetation stress and peak leaf area, whereas the impact of the change in growing season length is negligible. The relative contribution of the peak leaf area and vegetation stress intensity was highly variable among models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Paschalis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Fatichi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Boysen
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Martin De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anna B Harper
- Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Enqing Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jaime Kigel
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Klaus S Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anthony J Parolari
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Serge Rambal
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Inger K Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hao Shi
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Marcelo Sternberg
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Elisabeth Tschumi
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Ukkola
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Viovy
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Aspendale, Vic., Australia
| | - Zhuonan Wang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Donghai Wu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Baker IT, Denning A, Dazlich DA, Harper AB, Branson MD, Randall DA, Phillips MC, Haynes KD, Gallup SM. Surface-Atmosphere Coupling Scale, the Fate of Water, and Ecophysiological Function in a Brazilian Forest. J Adv Model Earth Syst 2019; 11:2523-2546. [PMID: 31749898 PMCID: PMC6851591 DOI: 10.1029/2019ms001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropical South America plays a central role in global climate. Bowen ratio teleconnects to circulation and precipitation processes far afield, and the global CO2 growth rate is strongly influenced by carbon cycle processes in South America. However, quantification of basin-wide seasonality of flux partitioning between latent and sensible heat, the response to anomalies around climatic norms, and understanding of the processes and mechanisms that control the carbon cycle remains elusive. Here, we investigate simulated surface-atmosphere interaction at a single site in Brazil, using models with different representations of precipitation and cloud processes, as well as differences in scale of coupling between the surface and atmosphere. We find that the model with parameterized clouds/precipitation has a tendency toward unrealistic perpetual light precipitation, while models with explicit treatment of clouds produce more intense and less frequent rain. Models that couple the surface to the atmosphere on the scale of kilometers, as opposed to tens or hundreds of kilometers, produce even more realistic distributions of rainfall. Rainfall intensity has direct consequences for the "fate of water," or the pathway that a hydrometeor follows once it interacts with the surface. We find that the model with explicit treatment of cloud processes, coupled to the surface at small scales, is the most realistic when compared to observations. These results have implications for simulations of global climate, as the use of models with explicit (as opposed to parameterized) cloud representations becomes more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. Baker
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - A.Scott Denning
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Don A. Dazlich
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEngland
| | - Mark D. Branson
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - David A. Randall
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Morgan C. Phillips
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Sarah M. Gallup
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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Harper AB, Powell T, Cox PM, House J, Huntingford C, Lenton TM, Sitch S, Burke E, Chadburn SE, Collins WJ, Comyn-Platt E, Daioglou V, Doelman JC, Hayman G, Robertson E, van Vuuren D, Wiltshire A, Webber CP, Bastos A, Boysen L, Ciais P, Devaraju N, Jain AK, Krause A, Poulter B, Shu S. Land-use emissions play a critical role in land-based mitigation for Paris climate targets. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2938. [PMID: 30087330 PMCID: PMC6081380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scenarios that limit global warming to below 2 °C by 2100 assume significant land-use change to support large-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) removal from the atmosphere by afforestation/reforestation, avoided deforestation, and Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). The more ambitious mitigation scenarios require even greater land area for mitigation and/or earlier adoption of CO2 removal strategies. Here we show that additional land-use change to meet a 1.5 °C climate change target could result in net losses of carbon from the land. The effectiveness of BECCS strongly depends on several assumptions related to the choice of biomass, the fate of initial above ground biomass, and the fossil-fuel emissions offset in the energy system. Depending on these factors, carbon removed from the atmosphere through BECCS could easily be offset by losses due to land-use change. If BECCS involves replacing high-carbon content ecosystems with crops, then forest-based mitigation could be more efficient for atmospheric CO2 removal than BECCS. Land-based mitigation for meeting the Paris climate target must consider the carbon cycle impacts of land-use change. Here the authors show that when bioenergy crops replace high carbon content ecosystems, forest-based mitigation could be more effective for CO2 removal than bioenergy crops with carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - Tom Powell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Peter M Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Joanna House
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Lenton
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Eleanor Burke
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
| | - Sarah E Chadburn
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.,University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - William J Collins
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
| | | | - Vassilis Daioglou
- Department of Climate, Air and Energy, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), PO Box 30314, 2500 GH, The Hague, Netherlands.,Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C Doelman
- Department of Climate, Air and Energy, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), PO Box 30314, 2500 GH, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Garry Hayman
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Eddy Robertson
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
| | - Detlef van Vuuren
- Department of Climate, Air and Energy, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), PO Box 30314, 2500 GH, The Hague, Netherlands.,Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Wiltshire
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
| | | | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Luisenstr. 37, 80333, Munich, Germany.,Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lena Boysen
- The Land in the Earth System, Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Narayanappa Devaraju
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andreas Krause
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA GSFC, Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Shijie Shu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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7
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Mercado LM, Medlyn BE, Huntingford C, Oliver RJ, Clark DB, Sitch S, Zelazowski P, Kattge J, Harper AB, Cox PM. Large sensitivity in land carbon storage due to geographical and temporal variation in the thermal response of photosynthetic capacity. New Phytol 2018; 218:1462-1477. [PMID: 29635689 PMCID: PMC5969232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant temperature responses vary geographically, reflecting thermally contrasting habitats and long-term species adaptations to their climate of origin. Plants also can acclimate to fast temporal changes in temperature regime to mitigate stress. Although plant photosynthetic responses are known to acclimate to temperature, many global models used to predict future vegetation and climate-carbon interactions do not include this process. We quantify the global and regional impacts of biogeographical variability and thermal acclimation of temperature response of photosynthetic capacity on the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle between 1860 and 2100 within a coupled climate-carbon cycle model, that emulates 22 global climate models. Results indicate that inclusion of biogeographical variation in photosynthetic temperature response is most important for present-day and future C uptake, with increasing importance of thermal acclimation under future warming. Accounting for both effects narrows the range of predictions of the simulated global land C storage in 2100 across climate projections (29% and 43% globally and in the tropics, respectively). Contrary to earlier studies, our results suggest that thermal acclimation of photosynthetic capacity makes tropical and temperate C less vulnerable to warming, but reduces the warming-induced C uptake in the boreal region under elevated CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Mercado
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4RJUK
- Centre for Ecology and HydrologyWallingfordOX10 8BBUK
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Przemyslaw Zelazowski
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02‐097WarsawPoland
- Environmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryHans‐Knöll‐Str. 10D‐07745JenaGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| | - Peter M. Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
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8
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Huntingford C, Atkin OK, Martinez-de la Torre A, Mercado LM, Heskel MA, Harper AB, Bloomfield KJ, O'Sullivan OS, Reich PB, Wythers KR, Butler EE, Chen M, Griffin KL, Meir P, Tjoelker MG, Turnbull MH, Sitch S, Wiltshire A, Malhi Y. Implications of improved representations of plant respiration in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1602. [PMID: 29150610 PMCID: PMC5693865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-atmosphere exchanges influence atmospheric CO2. Emphasis has been on describing photosynthetic CO2 uptake, but less on respiration losses. New global datasets describe upper canopy dark respiration (R d) and temperature dependencies. This allows characterisation of baseline R d, instantaneous temperature responses and longer-term thermal acclimation effects. Here we show the global implications of these parameterisations with a global gridded land model. This model aggregates R d to whole-plant respiration R p, driven with meteorological forcings spanning uncertainty across climate change models. For pre-industrial estimates, new baseline R d increases R p and especially in the tropics. Compared to new baseline, revised instantaneous response decreases R p for mid-latitudes, while acclimation lowers this for the tropics with increases elsewhere. Under global warming, new R d estimates amplify modelled respiration increases, although partially lowered by acclimation. Future measurements will refine how R d aggregates to whole-plant respiration. Our analysis suggests R p could be around 30% higher than existing estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Huntingford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Lina M Mercado
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Amory Building, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Mary A Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Kirk R Wythers
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Amory Building, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
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9
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De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Walker AP, Zaehle S, Asao S, Guenet B, Harper AB, Hickler T, Jain AK, Luo Y, Lu X, Luus K, Parton WJ, Shu S, Wang YP, Werner C, Xia J, Pendall E, Morgan JA, Ryan EM, Carrillo Y, Dijkstra FA, Zelikova TJ, Norby RJ. Challenging terrestrial biosphere models with data from the long-term multifactor Prairie Heating and CO 2 Enrichment experiment. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3623-3645. [PMID: 28145053 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multifactor experiments are often advocated as important for advancing terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), yet to date, such models have only been tested against single-factor experiments. We applied 10 TBMs to the multifactor Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment in Wyoming, USA. Our goals were to investigate how multifactor experiments can be used to constrain models and to identify a road map for model improvement. We found models performed poorly in ambient conditions; there was a wide spread in simulated above-ground net primary productivity (range: 31-390 g C m-2 yr-1 ). Comparison with data highlighted model failures particularly with respect to carbon allocation, phenology, and the impact of water stress on phenology. Performance against the observations from single-factors treatments was also relatively poor. In addition, similar responses were predicted for different reasons across models: there were large differences among models in sensitivity to water stress and, among the N cycle models, N availability during the experiment. Models were also unable to capture observed treatment effects on phenology: they overestimated the effect of warming on leaf onset and did not allow CO2 -induced water savings to extend the growing season length. Observed interactive (CO2 × warming) treatment effects were subtle and contingent on water stress, phenology, and species composition. As the models did not correctly represent these processes under ambient and single-factor conditions, little extra information was gained by comparing model predictions against interactive responses. We outline a series of key areas in which this and future experiments could be used to improve model predictions of grassland responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Geosciences, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801-3070, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xingjie Lu
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag #1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Kristina Luus
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - William J Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Shijie Shu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801-3070, USA
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag #1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Christian Werner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jack A Morgan
- Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Edmund M Ryan
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Feike A Dijkstra
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tamara J Zelikova
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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10
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Ryan EM, Ogle K, Peltier D, Walker AP, De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Williams DG, Parton W, Asao S, Guenet B, Harper AB, Lu X, Luus KA, Zaehle S, Shu S, Werner C, Xia J, Pendall E. Gross primary production responses to warming, elevated CO 2 , and irrigation: quantifying the drivers of ecosystem physiology in a semiarid grassland. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3092-3106. [PMID: 27992952 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether the terrestrial biosphere will be a source or sink of carbon (C) under a future climate of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and warming requires accurate quantification of gross primary production (GPP), the largest flux of C in the global C cycle. We evaluated 6 years (2007-2012) of flux-derived GPP data from the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA. The GPP data were used to calibrate a light response model whose basic formulation has been successfully used in a variety of ecosystems. The model was extended by modeling maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax ) and light-use efficiency (Q) as functions of soil water, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, vegetation greenness, and nitrogen at current and antecedent (past) timescales. The model fits the observed GPP well (R2 = 0.79), which was confirmed by other model performance checks that compared different variants of the model (e.g. with and without antecedent effects). Stimulation of cumulative 6-year GPP by warming (29%, P = 0.02) and eCO2 (26%, P = 0.07) was primarily driven by enhanced C uptake during spring (129%, P = 0.001) and fall (124%, P = 0.001), respectively, which was consistent across years. Antecedent air temperature (Tairant ) and vapor pressure deficit (VPDant ) effects on Amax (over the past 3-4 days and 1-3 days, respectively) were the most significant predictors of temporal variability in GPP among most treatments. The importance of VPDant suggests that atmospheric drought is important for predicting GPP under current and future climate; we highlight the need for experimental studies to identify the mechanisms underlying such antecedent effects. Finally, posterior estimates of cumulative GPP under control and eCO2 treatments were tested as a benchmark against 12 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The narrow uncertainties of these data-driven GPP estimates suggest that they could be useful semi-independent data streams for validating TBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Drew Peltier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - William Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Xingjie Lu
- CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, PBM #1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Kristina A Luus
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Shijie Shu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801-3070, USA
| | - Christian Werner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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11
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Suggitt AJ, Platts PJ, Barata IM, Bennie JJ, Burgess MD, Bystriakova N, Duffield S, Ewing SR, Gillingham PK, Harper AB, Hartley AJ, Hemming DL, Maclean IMD, Maltby K, Marshall HH, Morecroft MD, Pearce-Higgins JW, Pearce-Kelly P, Phillimore AB, Price JT, Pyke A, Stewart JE, Warren R, Hill JK. Conducting robust ecological analyses with climate data. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Suggitt
- Dept of Biology; Univ. of York; York YO10 5DD UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | | | - Izabela M. Barata
- Durrell Inst. of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Univ. of Kent; Canterbury UK
| | | | - Malcolm D. Burgess
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Exeter UK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge; Sandy UK
| | | | | | - Steven R. Ewing
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science - Scotland; Edinburgh UK
| | - Phillipa K. Gillingham
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth Univ.; Poole UK
| | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | | | | | - Ilya M. D. Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | - Katherine Maltby
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Harry H. Marshall
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | | | | | | | - Albert B. Phillimore
- Inst. of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Jeff T. Price
- School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - Ayesha Pyke
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth Univ.; Poole UK
| | - James E. Stewart
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Rachel Warren
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Dept of Biology; Univ. of York; York YO10 5DD UK
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12
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Lee JK, Moraru GM, Stokes JV, Wills RW, Mitchell E, Unz E, Moore-Henderson B, Harper AB, Varela-Stokes AS. Rickettsia parkeri and "Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae" in Questing Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) From Mississippi. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:476-480. [PMID: 27773866 PMCID: PMC5850715 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae), the primary vector for Rickettsia parkeri, may also be infected with a rickettsia of unknown pathogenicity, "Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae." Infection rates with these rickettsiae vary geographically, and coinfected ticks have been reported. In this study, infection rates of R. parkeri and "Ca. R. andeanae" were evaluated, and rickettsial DNA levels quantified, in 335 questing adult A. maculatum collected in 2013 (n = 95), 2014 (n = 139), and 2015 (n = 101) from Oktibbeha County, MS. Overall infection rates of R. parkeri and "Ca. R. andeanae" were 28.7% and 9.3%, respectively, with three additional A. maculatum (0.9%) coinfected. While R. parkeri-infected ticks were detected all three years (34.7% in 2013; 13.7% in 2014; 43.6% in 2015), "Ca. R. andeanae" was not detected in 2013, and was detected at rates of 10.8% in 2014, and 15.8% in 2015. Interestingly, rickettsial DNA levels in singly-infected ticks were significantly lower in "Ca. R. andeanae"-infected ticks compared to R. parkeri-infected ticks (P < 0.0001). Thus, both infection rates and rickettsial DNA levels were higher for R. parkeri than "Ca. R. andeanae." Infection rates of R. parkeri were also higher, and "Ca. R. andeanae" lower, here compared to A. maculatum reported previously in Kansas and Oklahoma. As we continue to monitor infection rates and levels, we anticipate that understanding temporal changes will improve our awareness of human risk for spotted fever rickettsioses. Further, these data may lead to additional studies to evaluate potential interactions among sympatric Rickettsia species in A. maculatum at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - G M Moraru
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - J V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - R W Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - E Mitchell
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - E Unz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - B Moore-Henderson
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - A B Harper
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - A S Varela-Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Dr., Mississippi State, MS 39762 (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
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Harper AB. Evolutionary Stability for Interactions among Kin under Quantitative Inheritance. Genetics 1989; 121:877-89. [PMID: 17246495 PMCID: PMC1203672 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/121.4.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) predicts the long-term evolutionary outcome of frequency-dependent selection by making a number of simplifying assumptions about the genetic basis of inheritance. I use a symmetrized multilocus model of quantitative inheritance without mutation to analyze the results of interactions between pairs of related individuals and compare the equilibria to those found by ESS analysis. It is assumed that the fitness changes due to interactions can be approximated by the exponential of a quadratic surface. The major results are the following. (1) The evolutionarily stable phenotypes found by ESS analysis are always equilibria of the model studied here. (2) When relatives interact, one of the two conditions for stability of equilibria differs between the two models; this can be accounted for by positing that the inclusive fitness function for quantitative characters is slightly different from the inclusive fitness function for characters determined by a single locus. (3) The inclusion of environmental variance will in general change the equilibrium phenotype, but the equilibria of ESS analysis are changed to the same extent by environmental variance. (4) A class of genetically polymorphic equilibria occur, which in the present model are always unstable. These results expand the range of conditions under which one can validly predict the evolution of pairwise interactions using ESS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Harper
- Present address: Box 654, 1916 Pike Place #12, Seattle, Washington 98101
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14
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Abstract
Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites (chromatography) and bone mineral status (125I absorptiometry) were examined in a group of Aleutian Islanders age 40-75 from St Paul Island, Alaska. Based on 25-(OH)D (16.6 ng/ml) vitamin D status appeared adequate. However, high concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D (44.3 pg/ml) and very low concentrations of 24,25-(OH)2D3 (0.6 ng/ml) were found. Among females, low bone mineral levels were associated with high concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D. A low calcium intake in these Aleutians may be responsible for high concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and resorption of calcium from bone.
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15
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Harper AB, Laughlin WS, Mazess RB. Bone mineral content in St. Lawrence Island Eskimos. Hum Biol 1984; 56:63-78. [PMID: 6745904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Johnston FE, Laughlin WS, Harper AB, Ensroth AE. Physical growth of St. Lawrence Island Eskimos: body size, proportion, and composition. Am J Phys Anthropol 1982; 58:397-401. [PMID: 7124933 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330580407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Growth patterns of body size, proportion, and composition were analyzed in 57 male and 56 female Eskimos from St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, ranging in age from 1.23 through 19.82 years. Age-groups means for whites and blacks of the U.S. Health Examination Survey served as reference data. Relative to HES data, the Eskimo sample were shorter with lower values for leg length, while there were no differences from the reference values for sitting height. The Eskimos also had higher values of Quetelet's Index, the sitting height/height ratio, and the upper arm muscle circumference, while there were no differences in body weight or triceps skinfold thickness. Differences from the reference data were more pronounced in males than in females. The growth patterns for size and body proportion are in conformity with known relationships between morphology and climate.
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Abstract
The apportionment of average gene frequency differences into within and between groups of Aleuts, Eskimos and Athabascans reveals a testable model of the time of origin and differentiation of these populations. Based on the ratio of average difference between Aleuts and Eskimos, to the average difference between Bering Sea Mongoloids and Athabascans, we estimate that Athabascans diverged from Bering Sea Mongoloids at approximately 15 000 BP. The ratio of Aleut/Eskimo to Yupik/Inupiaq suggests the split between the latter occurred 5100 BP. Similarly, the within-group average gene frequency differences suggest that North American natives originated some 19 000 BP and that Bering Sea Mongoloids originated 10 200 BP. These estimates are highly concordant with independent archaeologic, linguistic and biological data.
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Harper AB. [Not Available]. Sov Etnogr 1980:50-60. [PMID: 11633255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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19
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Laughlin WS, Harper AB, Thompson DD. New approaches to the pre- and post-contact history of Arctic peoples. Am J Phys Anthropol 1979; 51:579-87. [PMID: 229734 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330510410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Avent HH, Campbell DE, Malina RM, Harper AB. Cardiovascular characteristics of selected track participants in the first annual DGWS track and field meet. Res Q 1971; 42:440-3. [PMID: 5291435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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