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Houzelstein D, Eozenou C, Lagos CF, Elzaiat M, Bignon-Topalovic J, Gonzalez I, Laville V, Schlick L, Wankanit S, Madon P, Kirtane J, Athalye A, Buonocore F, Bigou S, Conway GS, Bohl D, Achermann JC, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. A conserved NR5A1-responsive enhancer regulates SRY in testis-determination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2796. [PMID: 38555298 PMCID: PMC10981742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Y-linked SRY gene initiates mammalian testis-determination. However, how the expression of SRY is regulated remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a conserved steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)/NR5A1 binding enhancer is required for appropriate SRY expression to initiate testis-determination in humans. Comparative sequence analysis of SRY 5' regions in mammals identified an evolutionary conserved SF-1/NR5A1-binding motif within a 250 bp region of open chromatin located 5 kilobases upstream of the SRY transcription start site. Genomic analysis of 46,XY individuals with disrupted testis-determination, including a large multigenerational family, identified unique single-base substitutions of highly conserved residues within the SF-1/NR5A1-binding element. In silico modelling and in vitro assays demonstrate the enhancer properties of the NR5A1 motif. Deletion of this hemizygous element by genome-editing, in a novel in vitro cellular model recapitulating human Sertoli cell formation, resulted in a significant reduction in expression of SRY. Therefore, human NR5A1 acts as a regulatory switch between testis and ovary development by upregulating SRY expression, a role that may predate the eutherian radiation. We show that disruption of an enhancer can phenocopy variants in the coding regions of SRY that cause human testis dysgenesis. Since disease causing variants in enhancers are currently rare, the regulation of gene expression in testis-determination offers a paradigm to define enhancer activity in a key developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Houzelstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Eozenou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Lab, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465 Providencia, 7510157, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. del Valle Norte 725, Huechuraba, 8580702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maëva Elzaiat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Bignon-Topalovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Inma Gonzalez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Epigenomics, Proliferation, and the Identity of Cells Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Laville
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Stem Cells and Development Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Laurène Schlick
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Somboon Wankanit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prochi Madon
- Department of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyotsna Kirtane
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Arundhati Athalye
- Department of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Bigou
- ICV-iPS core facility, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Bohl
- ICV-iPS core facility, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Human Developmental Genetics Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France.
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Charbe NB, Lagos CF, Ortiz CAV, Tambuwala M, Palakurthi SS, Zacconi FC. PCSK9 conjugated liposomes for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to the cancer cell: A proof-of-concept study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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McGlacken-Byrne SM, Del Valle I, Le Quesne Stabej P, Bellutti L, Garcia-Alonso L, Ocaka LA, Ishida M, Suntharalingham JP, Gagunashvili A, Ogunbiyi OK, Mistry T, Buonocore F, Crespo B, Moreno N, Niola P, Brooks T, Brain CE, Dattani MT, Kelberman D, Vento-Tormo R, Lagos CF, Livera G, Conway GS, Achermann JC. Pathogenic variants in the human m6A reader YTHDC2 are associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154671. [PMID: 35138268 PMCID: PMC8983136 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women and carries significant medical and psychosocial sequelae. Approximately 10% of POI has a defined genetic cause, with most implicated genes relating to biological processes involved in early fetal ovary development and function. Recently, Ythdc2, an RNA helicase and N6-methyladenosine (m6a) reader, has emerged as a novel regulator of meiosis in mice. Here, we describe homozygous pathogenic variants in YTHDC2 in three women with early-onset POI from two families: c. 2567C>G, p.P856R in the helicase-associated (HA2) domain; and c.1129G>T, p.E377*. We demonstrate that YTHDC2 is expressed in the developing human fetal ovary and is upregulated in meiotic germ cells, together with related meiosis-associated factors. The p.P856R variant results in a less flexible protein that likely disrupts downstream conformational kinetics of the HA2 domain, whereas the p.E377* variant truncates the helicase core. Taken together, our results reveal that YTHDC2 is a key new regulator of meiosis in humans and pathogenic variants within this gene are associated with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M McGlacken-Byrne
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polona Le Quesne Stabej
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bellutti
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR E008, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Luz Garcia-Alonso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Ocaka
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Gagunashvili
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olumide K Ogunbiyi
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Talisa Mistry
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Berta Crespo
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadjeda Moreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Niola
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Brooks
- UCL Genomics, Zayed Centre for Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Brain
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul T Dattani
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kelberman
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roser Vento-Tormo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Lab, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR E008, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Vecchiola A, Fuentes CA, Carvajal CA, Campino C, Allende F, Tapia-Castillo A, Lagos CF, Fardella CE. Testosterona inhibe la actividad de la aldosterona sintasa silvestre y quimérica in vitro. Rev Med Chil 2021; 149:1539-1543. [DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872021001101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arrieta-Rodríguez L, Espinoza-Rosales D, Vera G, Cho YH, Cabezas D, Vásquez-Velásquez D, Mella-Raipán J, Lagos CF, Recabarren-Gajardo G. Novel N-Arylsulfonylindoles Targeted as Ligands of the 5-HT 6 Receptor. Insights on the Influence of C-5 Substitution on Ligand Affinity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060528. [PMID: 34206083 PMCID: PMC8227400 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of twenty-two C-5 substituted N-arylsulfonylindoles was prepared with the aim of exploring the influence of C-5 substitution on 5-HT6 receptor affinity. Eleven compounds showed moderate to high affinity at the receptor (Ki = 58–403 nM), with compound 4d being identified as the most potent ligand. However, regarding C-5 substitution, both methoxy and fluorine were detrimental for receptor affinity compared to our previously published unsubstituted compounds. In order to shed light on these observations, we performed docking and molecular dynamics simulations with the most potent compounds of each series (4d and 4l) and PUC-10, a highly active ligand previously reported by our group. The comparison brings about deeper insight about the influence of the C-5 substitution on the binding mode of the ligands, suggesting that these replacements are detrimental to the affinity due to precluding a ligand from reaching deeper inside the binding site. Additionally, CoMFA/CoMSIA studies were performed to systematize the information of the main structural and physicochemical characteristics of the ligands, which are responsible for their biological activity. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models presented high values of q2 (0.653; 0.692) and r2 (0.879; 0.970), respectively. Although the biological activity of the ligands can be explained in terms of the steric and electronic properties, it depends mainly on the electronic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Arrieta-Rodríguez
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Daniela Espinoza-Rosales
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Vera
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Young Hwa Cho
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - David Cabezas
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (D.C.); (J.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 2360134, Chile
| | - David Vásquez-Velásquez
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (D.C.); (J.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 2360134, Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Lab, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile;
| | - Gonzalo Recabarren-Gajardo
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-23541418
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Santana-Romo F, Lagos CF, Duarte Y, Castillo F, Moglie Y, Maestro MA, Charbe N, Zacconi FC. Innovative Three-Step Microwave-Promoted Synthesis of N-Propargyltetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as a Potential Factor Xa (FXa) Inhibitors: Drug Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030491. [PMID: 31979319 PMCID: PMC7037264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulation cascade is the process of the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin that terminates in production of a clot. Factor Xa (FXa) is a serine protease involved in the blood coagulation cascade. Moreover, FXa plays a vital role in the enzymatic sequence which ends with the thrombus production. Thrombosis is a common causal pathology for three widespread cardiovascular syndromes: acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and strokes. In this research a series of N-propargyltetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as a potential factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their FXa inhibitor activity, cytotoxicity activity and coagulation parameters. Rational design for the desired novel molecules was performed through protein-ligand complexes selection and ligand clustering. The microwave-assisted synthetic strategy of selected compounds was carried out by using Ullmann-Goldberg, N-propargylation, Mannich addition, Friedel-Crafts, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition type reactions under microwave irradiation. The microwave methodology proved to be an efficient way to obtain all novel compounds in high yields (73–93%). Furthermore, a thermochemical analysis, optimization and reactivity indexes such as electronic chemical potential (µ), chemical hardness (η), and electrophilicity (ω) were performed to understand the relationship between the structure and the energetic behavior of all the series. Then, in vitro analysis showed that compounds 27, 29–31, and 34 exhibited inhibitory activity against FXa and the corresponding half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated. Next, a cell viability assay in HEK293 and HepG2 cell lines, and coagulation parameters (anti FXa, Prothrombin time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)) of the most active novel molecules were performed to determine the corresponding cytotoxicity and possible action on clotting pathways. The obtained results suggest that compounds 27 and 29 inhibited FXa targeting through coagulation factors in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. However, compound 34 may target coagulation FXa mainly by the extrinsic and common pathway. Interestingly, the most active compounds in relation to the inhibition activity against FXa and coagulation parameters did not show toxicity at the performed coagulation assay concentrations. Finally, docking studies confirmed the preferential binding mode of N-propargyltetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives inside the active site of FXa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Santana-Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia 7510157, Santiago de Chile, Chile;
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Francisco Castillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Yanina Moglie
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur Avenida Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca B8000CPB, Argentina;
| | - Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry—CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008A A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2354-1150
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Arteaga E, Valenzuela F, Lagos CF, Lagos M, Martinez A, Baudrand R, Carvajal C, Fardella CE. Detection of a novel severe mutation affecting the CYP21A2 gene in a Chilean male with salt wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrine 2020; 67:258-263. [PMID: 31571129 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is a congenital adrenal disease with more than 200 mutations published to date. The aim of this report is to describe a severe novel mutation of the CYP21A2 gene. METHOD We describe a case of a 39-year-old male diagnosed with a salt wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (SWCAH) due to 21-OHD. The genetic testing was done using a combination of three methods (PCR XL, SALSA-MLPA, and bidirectional sequencing) and finally an in silico analysis. RESULTS The genetic testing demonstrated three severe mutations of the CYP21A2 gene (p.Gln318*; c.290-13C>G; and p.Trp86*), being the last one a novel mutation not previously reported. The in silico modeling of the p.Trp86* (c.258G>A) showed a truncated CYP21A2 protein that loses all the main structural features required for activity, such as the HEM binding domain and the hormone binding site. CONCLUSION We present an adult man with an SWCAH due to 21-OHD who carried three severe mutations of the CYP21A2 gene, one of them, p.Trp86* (c.258G>A) has not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Arteaga
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 4, Santiago Centro, 8330077, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Valenzuela
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 4, Santiago Centro, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, 7510157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Lagos
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Piso 3, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 4, Santiago Centro, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 4, Santiago Centro, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia IMII, Portugal 49, Santiago Centro, 8330075, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Carvajal
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 4, Santiago Centro, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Departamento de Endocrinología and Centro Traslacional en Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 4, Santiago Centro, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia IMII, Portugal 49, Santiago Centro, 8330075, Santiago, Chile
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Vecchiola A, Fuentes CA, Solar I, Lagos CF, Opazo MC, Muñoz-Durango N, Riedel CA, Owen GI, Kalergis AM, Fardella CE. Eplerenone Implantation Improved Adipose Dysfunction Averting RAAS Activation and Cell Division. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32373073 PMCID: PMC7186315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation within adipose tissue, triggers inflammation and metabolic syndrome development. The pharmacological blockade of MR provides beneficial effects for adipose tissue. Our study evaluates the impact of eplerenone implantation upon obesity. Experimental approach: A group of mice with implanted placebo pellets were fed using two types of diet, a normal (ND) or a high fat (HFD) diet. Additionally, a group of mice fed HFD were implanted with an eplerenone pellet. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were assessed in each animal group. Adipocyte size and lipid accumulation were investigated in the liver and adipose tissue. We evaluated the components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) locally in adipose tissue. Key results: Eplerenone reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, fasting glucose levels, fat accumulation, HFD-induced adipocyte size and liver lipid accumulation and improved glucose tolerance. In the adipose tissue, HFD significantly increased the mRNA levels of the RAAS molecules relative to the ND group. Eplerenone lowered RAAS mRNA levels, components of lipid metabolism and markers of inflammation in HFD-fed animals. Conclusion: MR antagonism with eplerenone diminishes insulin resistance that is related to obesity partly via a reduction of RAAS activation, inflammatory progression and cytokines induction. This suggests that eplerenone should be further studied as a therapeutic option for obesity and overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vecchiola
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal A. Fuentes
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Solar
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Lab, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología-Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología-Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I. Owen
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E. Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy IMII, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Translational Endocrinology (CETREN), Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos E. Fardella
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Buonocore F, Clifford-Mobley O, King TFJ, Striglioni N, Man E, Suntharalingham JP, del Valle I, Lin L, Lagos CF, Rumsby G, Conway GS, Achermann JC. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Novel Genetic Variants (SRY, DMRT1, NR5A1, DHH, DHX37) in Adults With 46,XY DSD. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:2341-2360. [PMID: 31745530 PMCID: PMC6855215 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The genetic basis of human sex development is slowly being elucidated, and >40 different genetic causes of differences (or disorders) of sex development (DSDs) have now been reported. However, reaching a specific diagnosis using traditional approaches can be difficult, especially in adults where limited biochemical data may be available. OBJECTIVE We used a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to analyze known and candidate genes for DSDs in individuals with no specific molecular diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN We studied 52 adult 46,XY women attending a single-center adult service, who were part of a larger cohort of 400 individuals. Classic conditions such as17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency type 3, 5α-reductase deficiency type 2, and androgen insensitivity syndrome were excluded. The study cohort had broad working diagnoses of complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) (n = 27) and partially virilized 46,XY DSD (pvDSD) (n = 25), a group that included partial gonadal dysgenesis and those with a broad "partial androgen insensitivity syndrome" label. Targeted sequencing of 180 genes was undertaken. RESULTS Overall, a likely genetic cause was found in 16 of 52 (30.8%) individuals (22.2% CGD, 40.0% pvDSD). Pathogenic variants were found in sex-determining region Y (SRY; n = 3), doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1; n = 1), NR5A1/steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) (n = 1), and desert hedgehog (DHH; n = 1) in the CGD group, and in NR5A1 (n = 5), DHH (n = 1), and DEAH-box helicase 37 (DHX37; n = 4) in the pvDSD group. CONCLUSIONS Reaching a specific diagnosis can have clinical implications and provides insight into the role of these proteins in sex development. Next-generation sequencing approaches are invaluable, especially in adult populations or where diagnostic biochemistry is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom F J King
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niccolò Striglioni
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elim Man
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Lin
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gill Rumsby
- Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Campos F, Álvarez JA, Ortiz-Severín J, Varas MA, Lagos CF, Cabrera R, Álvarez SA, Chávez FP. Fluorescence enzymatic assay for bacterial polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) as a platform for screening antivirulence molecules. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2237-2242. [PMID: 31413600 PMCID: PMC6662176 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s181906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and its metabolic enzymes are important in several cellular processes related with virulence and antibiotic susceptibility. Accordingly, bacterial polyP synthesis has been proposed as a good target for designing novel antivirulence molecules as alternative to conventional antibiotics. In most pathogenic bacteria, polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1), in charge of polyP synthesis from ATP, is widely conserved. Current colorimetric and radioactive polyP synthesis enzymatic assays are not suitable for high-throughput screening of PPK1 inhibitors. Given the ability of polyP to modify the excitation-emission spectra of DAPI (4ʹ-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), a fluorescence assay was previously developed by using a purified recombinant PPK1 enzyme from Escherichia coli. In this work we have developed a suitable methodology for high-throughput measurement of E. coli PPK1 activity. This platform can be used for the screening putative antimicrobial molecules for related enteropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Campos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Javiera A Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Javiera Ortiz-Severín
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Macarena A Varas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ricardo Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sergio A Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco P Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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11
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Tobar HE, Cataldo LR, González T, Rodríguez R, Serrano V, Arteaga A, Álvarez-Mercado A, Lagos CF, Vicuña L, Miranda JP, Pereira A, Bravo C, Aguilera CM, Eyheramendy S, Uauy R, Martínez Á, Gil Á, Francone O, Rigotti A, Santos JL. Identification and functional analysis of missense mutations in the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase gene in a Chilean patient with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:132. [PMID: 31164121 PMCID: PMC6549291 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is a plasma enzyme that esterifies cholesterol in high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL). Mutations in LCAT gene causes familial LCAT deficiency, which is characterized by very low plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (Hypoalphalipoproteinemia), corneal opacity and anemia, among other lipid-related traits. Our aim is to evaluate clinical/biochemical features of a Chilean family with a proband showing clinical signs of familial LCAT deficiency, as well as to identify and assess the functional effects of LCAT mutations. Methods An adult female proband with hypoalphalipoproteinemia, corneal opacity and mild anemia, as well as her first-degree relatives, were recruited for clinical, biochemical, genetic, in-silico and in-vitro LCAT analysis. Sequencing of exons and intron-exon boundaries was performed to identify mutations. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to generate plasmids containing cDNA with wild type or mutant sequences. Such expression vectors were transfected to HEK-239 T cells to asses the effect of LCAT variants in expression, synthesis, secretion and enzyme activity. In-silico prediction analysis and molecular modeling was also used to evaluate the effect of LCAT variants. Results LCAT sequencing identified rare p.V333 M and p.M404 V missense mutations in compound heterozygous state in the proband, as well the common synonymous p.L363 L variant. LCAT protein was detected in proband’s plasma, but with undetectable enzyme activity compared to control relatives. HEK-293 T transfected cells with vector expression plasmids containing either p.M404 V or p.V333 M cDNA showed detectable LCAT protein expression both in supernatants and lysates from cultured cells, but with much lower enzyme activity compared to cells transfected with the wild-type sequence. Bioinformatic analyses also supported a causal role of such rare variations in LCAT lack of function. Additionally, the proband carried the minor allele of the synonymous p.L363 L variant. However, this variant is unlikely to affect the clinical phenotype of the proband given its relatively high frequency in the Chilean population (4%) and its small putative effect on plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. Conclusion Genetic, biochemical, in vitro and in silico analyses indicate that the rare mutations p.M404 V and p.V333 M in LCAT gene lead to suppression of LCAT enzyme activity and cause clinical features of familial LCAT deficiency. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1045-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo E Tobar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis R Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Trinidad González
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Serrano
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Arteaga
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carlos F Lagos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Vicuña
- Departamento de Estadísticas, Facultad de Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José P Miranda
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carolina Bravo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Eyheramendy
- Departamento de Estadísticas, Facultad de Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ángel Gil
- INYTA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Omar Francone
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, USA
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Tapia-Castillo A, Baudrand R, Vaidya A, Campino C, Allende F, Valdivia C, Vecchiola A, Lagos CF, Fuentes CA, Solari S, Martínez-Aguayo A, García H, Carvajal CA, Fardella CE. Clinical, Biochemical, and Genetic Characteristics of "Nonclassic" Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:595-603. [PMID: 30239803 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Classical apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a rare recessive disorder, caused by severe 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11β-HSD2) deficiency. AME manifests as low-renin pediatric hypertension, hypokalemia and high cortisol/cortisone (F/E) ratio. OBJECTIVE To evaluate nonclassic AME (NC-AME) due to partial 11β-HSD2 insufficiency and its association with hypertension, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation, and inflammatory parameters. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary care cohort. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 127 adolescents and adults. Subjects with secondary hypertension were excluded. We measured clinical, biochemical, renal, vascular, and inflammatory variables. Sequencing of HSD11B2 gene was performed in all subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE NC-AME. RESULTS Serum F/E ratio was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (BP), microalbuminuria, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Serum cortisone correlated with MR activation parameters even when adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex: lower cortisone with higher potassium excretion (partial r = -0.29, P = 0.002) and with lower plasma renin activity (PRA) (partial r = 0.29, P = 0.001). Consistently, we identified 9 in 127 subjects (7.1%) with high F/E ratios (first quartile) and low cortisone (last quartile), suggestive of NC-AME. These subjects had higher systolic BP, 141.4 ± 25.7 mm Hg vs 127.3 ± 18.1 mm Hg, P = 0.03; lower PRA, 0.36 ± 0.19 ng/L*s vs 0.64 ± 0.47 ng/L*s, P < 0.0001; and greater potassium excretion, microalbuminuria, hs-CRP, and plasminogen activator inhibitor. We only found in 2 out of 9 subjects with NC-AME heterozygous mutations in the HSD11B2 gene. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a spectrum of partial 11β-HSD2 insufficiency in a primary care cohort without the classic phenotype and genotype of AME. NC-AME may represent a phenotype of MR activation and cardiovascular risk, suggesting that these subjects could be treated with MR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anand Vaidya
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Campino
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valdivia
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal A Fuentes
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Aguayo
- Endocrinology Pediatrics Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán García
- Endocrinology Pediatrics Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
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13
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Campino C, Baudrand R, Valdivia CA, Carvajal C, Vecchiola A, Tapia-Castillo A, Martínez-Aguayo A, Garcia H, García L, Allende F, Solari S, Fuentes CA, Lagos CF, Rojas MP, Muñoz D, Fardella CE. Sodium Intake Is associated With Endothelial Damage Biomarkers and Metabolic Dysregulation. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1127-1132. [PMID: 29917063 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has associated high sodium (HS) intake with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. We investigated whether HS intake modulates the parameters of endothelial damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study design including 223 Chilean subjects (6.9-65.0 years old). We measured aldosterone, renin activity, cortisol, cortisone, adiponectin, leptin, hsCRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 activity, and malondialdehyde. Sodium and creatinine were measured in 24-hour urine samples. The subjects were divided by sodium intake, high sodium (HS): ≥150 mEq/day, n = 118, and adequate sodium (AS): <150 mEq/day, n = 105. RESULTS We observed a positive correlation between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (r = 0.1669, P = 0.0124 for systolic and r = 0.2416, P = 0.0003 for diastolic), glycemia (r = 0.2660, P < 0.0001), and triglycerides (r = 0.1604, P = 0.0175) and a highly significant correlation between sodium excretion and PAI-1 (r = 0.2701, P < 0.0001). An inverse correlation was observed between urinary sodium and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.2093, P = 0.0018) and adiponectin (r = -0.2679, P < 0.0001). In a linear regression model, urinary sodium excretion remained significantly associated with PAI-1 values even after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. The HS group had higher blood pressure, glycemia, HOMA-IR, atherogenic index of plasma, and PAI-1 values than the group with AS intake. CONCLUSIONS HS intake is associated with endothelial damage (high PAI-1) and metabolic dysregulation. On the other hand, inflammation and oxidative stress parameters are not modified by sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campino
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A Valdivia
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Carvajal
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez-Aguayo
- Unidad de Endocrinología de la División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Garcia
- Unidad de Endocrinología de la División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal A Fuentes
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Paulina Rojas
- Departamento Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carlos E Fardella
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
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14
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Carvajal CA, Tapia-Castillo A, Valdivia CP, Allende F, Solari S, Lagos CF, Campino C, Martínez-Aguayo A, Vecchiola A, Pinochet C, Godoy C, Iturrieta V, Baudrand R, Fardella CE. Serum Cortisol and Cortisone as Potential Biomarkers of Partial 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Deficiency. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:910-918. [PMID: 29617893 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variations in HSD11B2 gene triggers the apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome (AME). There is scarce information regarding the phenotypes of subjects carrying heterozygous pathogenic variants in HSD11B2 gene. We investigated if serum cortisol/cortisone (F/E) ratio and cortisone are useful for identifying partial 11βHSD2 deficiency in those heterozygous subjects. METHODS We studied two patients diagnosed with AME and their families carrying either D223N or R213C mutation. We also evaluated 32 healthy control subjects (13 children and 19 adults) to obtain normal references ranges for all measured variables. Case 1: A boy carrying D223N mutation in HSD11B2 gene and Case 2: A girl carrying R213C mutation. We assessed serum F/E ratio and cortisone by HPLC-MS/MS, aldosterone, plasma-renin-activity(PRA), electrolytes, and HSD11B2 genetic analyses. RESULTS The normal values (median [interquartile range]) in children for serum F/E and cortisone (µg/dl) were 2.56 [2.21-3.69] and 2.54 [2.35-2.88], and in adults were 4.42 [3.70-4.90] and 2.23 [1.92-2.57], respectively. Case 1 showed a very high serum F/E 28.8 and low cortisone 0.46 µg/dl. His mother and sister were normotensives and heterozygous for D223N mutation with high F/E (13.2 and 6.0, respectively) and low cortisone (2.0 and 2.2, respectively). Case 2 showed a very high serum F/E 175 and suppressed cortisone 0.11 µg/dl. Her parents and sister were heterozygous for the R213C mutation with normal phenotype, but high F/E and low cortisone. Heterozygous subjects showed normal aldosterone, PRA, but lower fractional excretion of sodium and urinary Na/K ratio than controls. CONCLUSION Serum F/E ratio and cortisone allow to identify partial 11βHSD2 deficiencies, as occurs in heterozygous subjects, who would be susceptible to develop arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Carvajal
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina P Valdivia
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Campino
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Aguayo
- Endocrinology Pediatrics Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Pinochet
- Endocrinology Pediatrics Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Godoy
- Endocrinology Pediatrics Division, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Virginia Iturrieta
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
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15
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Slater PG, Gutierrez-Maldonado SE, Gysling K, Lagos CF. Molecular Modeling of Structures and Interaction of Human Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Binding Protein and CRF Type-2 Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:43. [PMID: 29515519 PMCID: PMC5826306 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system is a key mediator of the stress response and addictive behavior. The CRF system includes four peptides: The CRF system includes four peptides: CRF, urocortins I-III, CRF binding protein (CRF-BP) that binds CRF with high affinity, and two class B G-protein coupled receptors CRF1R and CRF2R. CRF-BP is a secreted protein without significant sequence homology to CRF receptors or to any other known class of protein. Recently, it has been described a potentiation role of CRF-BP over CRF signaling through CRF2R in addictive-related neuronal plasticity and behavior. In addition, it has been described that CRF-BP is capable to physically interact specifically with the α isoform of CRF2R and acts like an escort protein increasing the amount of the receptor in the plasma membrane. At present, there are no available structures for CRF-BP or for full-length CRFR. Knowing and studying the structure of these proteins could be beneficial in order to characterize the CRF-BP/CRF2αR interaction. In this work, we report the modeling of CRF-BP and of full-length CRF2αR and CRF2βR based on the recently solved crystal structures of the transmembrane domains of the human glucagon receptor and human CRF1R, in addition with the resolved N-terminal extracellular domain of CRFRs. These models were further studied using molecular dynamics simulations and protein-protein docking. The results predicted a higher possibility of interaction of CRF-BP with CRF2αR than CRF2βR and yielded the possible residues conforming the interacting interface. Thus, the present study provides a framework for further investigation of the CRF-BP/CRF2αR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G. Slater
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Katia Gysling, ; Carlos F. Lagos,
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Katia Gysling, ; Carlos F. Lagos,
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Abstract
PURPOSE DAX-1 (NR0B1) is an orphan nuclear receptor, which plays a critical role in development and regulation of the adrenal gland and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Mutations in NR0B1 lead to adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and azoospermia in men. Presentation is typically with adrenal insufficiency (AI) during infancy or childhood. To date only eight cases/kindreds are reported to have presented in adulthood. METHODS We describe two new cases of men with DAX-1 mutations who presented in adulthood and who were diagnosed at a large University Hospital. RESULTS Case 1 presented with AI at 19 years. At 38 years he was diagnosed with HH. Detailed history revealed a brother diagnosed with AI at a similar age. Sequencing of the DAX-1 (NR0B1) gene revealed a heterozygous c.775T > C substitution in exon 1, which changes codon 259 from serine to proline (p.Ser259Pro). Case 2 was diagnosed with AI at 30 years. Aged 37 years he presented with HH and azoospermia. He was treated with gonadotropin therapy but remained azoospermic. Testicular biopsy showed maturational arrest and hypospermatogenesis. Analysis of the NR0B1 gene showed a heterozygous c.836C > T substitution in exon 1, resulting in a change of codon 279 from proline to leucine (p.Pro279Leu). This change alters the structure of the repression helix domain of DAX-1 and affects protein complex interactions with NR5A family members. CONCLUSIONS We describe two missense mutations within the putative carboxyl-terminal ligand binding domain of DAX-1, presenting with AHC and HH in adulthood, from a single center. DAX-1 mutations may be more frequent in adults than previously recognized. We recommend testing for DAX-1 mutations in all adults with primary AI and HH or impaired fertility where the etiology is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kyriakakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tolulope Shonibare
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Julie Kyaw-Tun
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Julie Lynch
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465 Providencia, 7510157, Santiago, Chile
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert D Murray
- Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Lagos CF, Segovia GF, Nuñez-Navarro N, Faúndez MA, Zacconi FC. Novel FXa Inhibitor Identification through Integration of Ligand- and Structure-Based Approaches. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101588. [PMID: 28937618 PMCID: PMC6151700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor Xa (FXa), a vitamin K-dependent serine protease plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, one of the most interesting targets for the development of new anticoagulants. In the present work, we performed a virtual screening campaign based on ligand-based shape and electrostatic similarity search and protein-ligand docking to discover novel FXa-targeted scaffolds for further development of inhibitors. From an initial set of 260,000 compounds from the NCI Open database, 30 potential FXa inhibitors were identified and selected for in vitro biological evaluation. Compound 5 (NSC635393, 4-(3-methyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazin-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-N-phenylbutanamide) displayed an IC50 value of 2.02 nM against human FXa. The identified compound may serve as starting point for the development of novel FXa inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 85, Santiago 8330074, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile.
| | - Gerardine F Segovia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Nuñez-Navarro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Mario A Faúndez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Flavia C Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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18
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Vargas AA, Cisterna BA, Saavedra-Leiva F, Urrutia C, Cea LA, Vielma AH, Gutierrez-Maldonado SE, Martin AJM, Pareja-Barrueto C, Escalona Y, Schmachtenberg O, Lagos CF, Perez-Acle T, Sáez JC. On Biophysical Properties and Sensitivity to Gap Junction Blockers of Connexin 39 Hemichannels Expressed in HeLa Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:38. [PMID: 28232803 PMCID: PMC5298994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although connexins (Cxs) are broadly expressed by cells of mammalian organisms, Cx39 has a very restricted pattern of expression and the biophysical properties of Cx39-based channels [hemichannels (HCs) and gap junction channels (GJCs)] remain largely unknown. Here, we used HeLa cells transfected with Cx39 (HeLa-Cx39 cells) in which intercellular electrical coupling was not detected, indicating the absence of GJCs. However, functional HCs were found on the surface of cells exposed to conditions known to increase the open probability of other Cx HCs (e.g., extracellular divalent cationic-free solution (DCFS), extracellular alkaline pH, mechanical stimulus and depolarization to positive membrane potentials). Cx39 HCs were blocked by some traditional Cx HC blockers, but not by others or a pannexin1 channel blocker. HeLa-Cx39 cells showed similar resting membrane potentials (RMPs) to those of parental cells, and exposure to DCFS reduced RMPs in Cx39 transfectants, but not in parental cells. Under these conditions, unitary events of ~75 pS were frequent in HeLa-Cx39 cells and absent in parental cells. Real-time cellular uptake experiments of dyes with different physicochemical features, as well as the application of a machine-learning approach revealed that Cx39 HCs are preferentially permeable to molecules characterized by six categories of descriptors, namely: (1) electronegativity, (2) ionization potential, (3) polarizability, (4) size and geometry, (5) topological flexibility and (6) valence. However, Cx39 HCs opened by mechanical stimulation or alkaline pH were impermeable to Ca2+. Molecular modeling of Cx39-based channels suggest that a constriction present at the intracellular portion of the para helix region co-localizes with an electronegative patch, imposing an energetic and steric barrier, which in the case of GJCs may hinder channel function. Results reported here demonstrate that Cx39 form HCs and add to our understanding of the functional roles of Cx39 HCs under physiological and pathological conditions in cells that express them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal A Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Fujiko Saavedra-Leiva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Urrutia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Cea
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex H Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastian E Gutierrez-Maldonado
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile; Computational Biology Lab (DLab), Fundación Ciencia & VidaSantiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J M Martin
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile; Computational Biology Lab (DLab), Fundación Ciencia & VidaSantiago, Chile
| | | | - Yerko Escalona
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile; Computational Biology Lab (DLab), Fundación Ciencia & VidaSantiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San SebastiánSantiago, Chile
| | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile; Computational Biology Lab (DLab), Fundación Ciencia & VidaSantiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
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19
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Romero-Parra J, Chung H, Tapia RA, Faúndez M, Morales-Verdejo C, Lorca M, Lagos CF, Di Marzo V, David Pessoa-Mahana C, Mella J. Combined CoMFA and CoMSIA 3D-QSAR study of benzimidazole and benzothiophene derivatives with selective affinity for the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:1-10. [PMID: 28137469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The preceding years have brought an exponential increase in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), including the knowledge of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids. Among these ECS components CB2 receptors have been the subject of considerable attention, primarily due to their promising therapeutic potential to treat numerous pathologies while avoiding the adverse psychotropic effects that can accompany CB1 receptor-based therapies. Recently, our research group has reported a new series of non-cytotoxic benzo[d]imidazoles and benzo[b]thiophenes displaying high CB2/CB1 selectivity index. In order to investigate the structural requirements for CB2 ligands and to derive a predictive model that can be used for the design of novel selective CB2 ligands, a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on the above mentioned chemical series employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models displayed high external predictability (rpred2 0.919 and 0.908) and good statistical robustness. Valuable information regarding the steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic properties of the molecules was obtained, and several modifications around both heterocycles were evaluated with the aim to generate new promising series of benzo[d]imidazoles and benzo[b]thiophenes derivatives displaying high CB2 selectivity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Romero-Parra
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hery Chung
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Morales-Verdejo
- Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, General Gana 1702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Lorca
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Casilla 5030, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago Centro 8330074, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia 7510157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Napoli, Italy
| | - C David Pessoa-Mahana
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Casilla 5030, Chile.
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Bashamboo A, Donohoue PA, Vilain E, Rojo S, Calvel P, Seneviratne SN, Buonocore F, Barseghyan H, Bingham N, Rosenfeld JA, Mulukutla SN, Jain M, Burrage L, Dhar S, Balasubramanyam A, Lee B, Dumargne MC, Eozenou C, Suntharalingham JP, de Silva K, Lin L, Bignon-Topalovic J, Poulat F, Lagos CF, McElreavey K, Achermann JC. A recurrent p.Arg92Trp variant in steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) can act as a molecular switch in human sex development. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5286. [PMID: 28031288 PMCID: PMC5886042 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - Patricia A Donohoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Medical college of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Rojo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - Pierre Calvel
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - Sumudu N Seneviratne
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hayk Barseghyan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Bingham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Surya Narayan Mulukutla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Lindsay Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Shweta Dhar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | | | | | - Caroline Eozenou
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | | | - Ksh de Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Lin Lin
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Francis Poulat
- Genetic and Development Department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Campino C, Hill C, Baudrand R, Martínez-Aguayo A, Aglony M, Carrasco CA, Ferrada C, Loureiro C, Vecchiola A, Bancalari R, Grob F, Carvajal CA, Lagos CF, Valdivia C, Tapia-Castillo A, Fuentes CA, Mendoza C, Garcia H, Uauy R, Fardella CE. Usefulness and Pitfalls in Sodium Intake Estimation: Comparison of Dietary Assessment and Urinary Excretion in Chilean Children and Adults. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1212-7. [PMID: 27279009 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sodium intake has been associated with various noncommunicable disease like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or stroke. To estimate accurately sodium intake is challenging in clinical practice. We investigate the usefulness and limitations of assessing sodium intake simultaneously by dietary assessment and urinary samples in both children and adults. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study design inviting 298 Chilean subjects (74 children and 222 adults) aged between 9 and 66 years of both genders. Sodium intake by dietary assessment was obtained from Chilean food composition data, based on FAO tables. Sodium and creatinine excretion were measured in 24-hour urine samples, in all participants. RESULTS Adequate urinary collection was obtained in 81% of children (59/74) and 61% of adults (135/222). The mean sodium intake by dietary assessment was similar to the sodium excretion in 24 hours (3,121±1,153mg/d vs. 3,114±1,353mg/24h, P = nonsignificant) in children but was significantly lower (3,208±1,284mg/d vs. 4,160±1,651mg/24h, P < 0.001) in adults. In both children and adults, sodium intake correlated with urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.456, P < 0.003 and r = 0.390, P < 0.001, respectively). Secondary analyses also suggested that the dietary assessment was more inaccurate in overweight adult subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that average sodium intake was higher than recommended in both children and adults (WHO ≤2,000mg/d). The sodium intake estimated by dietary assessment correlated with urinary excretion in all subjects, but in obese adults was more inaccurate than in children. Future studies to validate the appropriate test to assess sodium intake by age and nutritional status are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campino
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroline Hill
- Unidad de Diálisis Peritoneal, Departamento Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Aguayo
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marlene Aglony
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen A Carrasco
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clarita Ferrada
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Loureiro
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Bancalari
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Grob
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valdivia
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal A Fuentes
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Mendoza
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernan Garcia
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Departamento Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;
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Bashamboo A, Donohoue PA, Vilain E, Rojo S, Calvel P, Seneviratne SN, Buonocore F, Barseghyan H, Bingham N, Rosenfeld JA, Mulukutla SN, Jain M, Burrage L, Dhar S, Balasubramanyam A, Lee B, Dumargne MC, Eozenou C, Suntharalingham JP, de Silva K, Lin L, Bignon-Topalovic J, Poulat F, Lagos CF, McElreavey K, Achermann JC. A recurrent p.Arg92Trp variant in steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) can act as a molecular switch in human sex development. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3446-3453. [PMID: 27378692 PMCID: PMC5179941 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lineages of the early human gonad commit to one of the two mutually antagonistic organogenetic fates, the testis or the ovary. Some individuals with a 46,XX karyotype develop testes or ovotestes (testicular or ovotesticular disorder of sex development; TDSD/OTDSD), due to the presence of the testis-determining gene, SRY Other rare complex syndromic forms of TDSD/OTDSD are associated with mutations in pro-ovarian genes that repress testis development (e.g. WNT4); however, the genetic cause of the more common non-syndromic forms is unknown. Steroidogenic factor-1 (known as NR5A1) is a key regulator of reproductive development and function. Loss-of-function changes in NR5A1 in 46,XY individuals are associated with a spectrum of phenotypes in humans ranging from a lack of testis formation to male infertility. Mutations in NR5A1 in 46,XX women are associated with primary ovarian insufficiency, which includes a lack of ovary formation, primary and secondary amenorrhoea as well as early menopause. Here, we show that a specific recurrent heterozygous missense mutation (p.Arg92Trp) in the accessory DNA-binding region of NR5A1 is associated with variable degree of testis development in 46,XX children and adults from four unrelated families. Remarkably, in one family a sibling raised as a girl and carrying this NR5A1 mutation was found to have a 46,XY karyotype with partial testicular dysgenesis. These unique findings highlight how a specific variant in a developmental transcription factor can switch organ fate from the ovary to testis in mammals and represents the first missense mutation causing isolated, non-syndromic 46,XX testicular/ovotesticular DSD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - Patricia A Donohoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Medical college of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Rojo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - Pierre Calvel
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - Sumudu N Seneviratne
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hayk Barseghyan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Bingham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Surya Narayan Mulukutla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Lindsay Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Shweta Dhar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX
| | | | | | - Caroline Eozenou
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | | | - Ksh de Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Lin Lin
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Francis Poulat
- Genetic and Development Department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 France
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Bravo-Toncio C, Álvarez JA, Campos F, Ortíz-Severín J, Varas M, Cabrera R, Lagos CF, Chávez FP. Dictyostelium discoideum as a surrogate host–microbe model for antivirulence screening in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:403-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Valdivia C, Carvajal CA, Campino C, Allende F, Martinez-Aguayo A, Baudrand R, Vecchiola A, Lagos CF, Tapia-Castillo A, Fuentes CA, Aglony M, Solari S, Kalergis AM, García H, Owen GI, Fardella CE. Citosine-Adenine-Repeat Microsatellite of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 Gene in Hypertensive Children. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:25-32. [PMID: 25907225 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impairment of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11βHSD2) results in an inefficient conversion of cortisol to cortisone, which triggers hypertension. Cytosine-adenine repeat (CA repeat) microsatellite has been associated with low HSD11B2 gene expression. AIM To determine whether the CA-repeat length in intron 1 affect the serum cortisol to cortisone (F/E) ratio and/or blood pressure (BP) levels in pediatric subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty-one hypertensive (HT) and 117 normotensive (NT) subjects participated in this study. We measured BP levels, as well as the F and E and F/E ratio in morning sera and 12-hour urine samples. The length of CA repeats was determined through fragment analysis. We compared the allele distribution between the HT and NT groups, and the patients were dichotomized into groups with short alleles (S) (<21 CA repeats) or long alleles (L), and also in groups according genotype (allele combination: S/S and S/L + L/L). RESULTS We found no differences in the distribution of CA-repeat allelic length between the NT and HT groups (P = 0.7807), and there was no correlation between the CA-repeat allelic length and BP (P = 0.1151) levels or the serum F/E ratio (P = 0.6778). However, the serum F/E ratio was higher in the HT group than in the NT group (P = 0.0251). The serum F/E ratio was associated with systolic BP index independent of body mass index only in HT group. CONCLUSIONS The CA-repeat length did not influence BP levels or serum F/E ratios in pediatric subjects. However, the serum F/E ratio was associated with BP, suggesting a role of 11βHSD2 in mineralocorticoid hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valdivia
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Campino
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Aguayo
- Unidad de Endocrinología, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal A Fuentes
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marlene Aglony
- Unidad de Endocrinología, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Hernan García
- Unidad de Endocrinología, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile;
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25
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Smalley SV, Preiss Y, Suazo J, Vega JA, Angellotti I, Lagos CF, Rivera E, Kleinsteuber K, Campion J, Martínez JA, Maiz A, Santos JL. Novel splice-affecting variants in CYP27A1 gene in two Chilean patients with Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis. Genet Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25983621 DOI: 10.1590/s1415‐475738120140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX), a rare lipid storage disorder, is caused by recessive loss-of-function mutations of the 27-sterol hydroxylase (CYP27A1), producing an alteration of the synthesis of bile acids, with an accumulation of cholestanol. Clinical characteristics include juvenile cataracts, diarrhea, tendon xanthomas, cognitive impairment and other neurological manifestations. Early diagnosis is critical, because treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid may prevent neurological damage. We studied the CYP27A1 gene in two Chilean CTX patients by sequencing its nine exons, exon-intron boundaries, and cDNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Patient 1 is a compound heterozygote for the novel substitution c.256-1G > T that causes exon 2 skipping, leading to a premature stop codon in exon 3, and for the previously-known pathogenic mutation c.1183C > T (p.Arg395Cys). Patient 2 is homozygous for the novel mutation c.1185-1G > A that causes exon 7 skipping and the generation of a premature stop codon in exon 8, leading to the loss of the crucial adrenoxin binding domain of CYP27A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan V Smalley
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yudith Preiss
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile . ; School of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Suazo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile . ; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Andrés Vega
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Angellotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Rivera
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile . ; Department of Neurology, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karin Kleinsteuber
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile . ; Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Campion
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Maiz
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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de la Fuente-Ortega E, Gravotta D, Perez Bay A, Benedicto I, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM, Lehmann GL, Lagos CF, Rodríguez-Boulan E. Basolateral sorting of chloride channel 2 is mediated by interactions between a dileucine motif and the clathrin adaptor AP-1. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1728-42. [PMID: 25739457 PMCID: PMC4436783 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-01-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ClC-2 is a ubiquitous chloride channel that regulates cell volume, ion transport, and acid-base balance. Mice knocked out for ClC-2 are blind and sterile. Basolateral localization of ClC-2 in epithelia is mediated by the interaction of a dileucine motif with a highly conserved pocket in the γ1-σ1A hemicomplex of AP-1. In spite of the many key cellular functions of chloride channels, the mechanisms that mediate their subcellular localization are largely unknown. ClC-2 is a ubiquitous chloride channel usually localized to the basolateral domain of epithelia that regulates cell volume, ion transport, and acid–base balance; mice knocked out for ClC-2 are blind and sterile. Previous work suggested that CLC-2 is sorted basolaterally by TIFS812LL, a dileucine motif in CLC-2's C-terminal domain. However, our in silico modeling of ClC-2 suggested that this motif was buried within the channel's dimerization interface and identified two cytoplasmically exposed dileucine motifs, ESMI623LL and QVVA635LL, as candidate sorting signals. Alanine mutagenesis and trafficking assays support a scenario in which ESMI623LL acts as the authentic basolateral signal of ClC-2. Silencing experiments and yeast three-hybrid assays demonstrated that both ubiquitous (AP-1A) and epithelium-specific (AP-1B) forms of the tetrameric clathrin adaptor AP-1 are capable of carrying out basolateral sorting of ClC-2 through interactions of ESMI623LL with a highly conserved pocket in their γ1-σ1A hemicomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin de la Fuente-Ortega
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Diego Gravotta
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Andres Perez Bay
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ignacio Benedicto
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Guillermo L Lehmann
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Centro 8330074, Santiago, Chile Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia 7510157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Boulan
- Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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27
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Espinosa-Bustos C, Lagos CF, Romero-Parra J, Zárate AM, Mella-Raipán J, Pessoa-Mahana H, Recabarren-Gajardo G, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Tapia RA, Pessoa-Mahana CD. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Binding Mode Modeling of Benzimidazole Derivatives Targeting the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:81-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Ana M. Zárate
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Universidad de Valparaiso, Playa Ancha; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | | | | | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - C. David Pessoa-Mahana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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28
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Lagos CF, Vecchiola A, Allende F, Fuentes CA, Tichauer JE, Valdivia C, Solari S, Campino C, Tapia-Castillo A, Baudrand R, Villarroel P, Cifuentes M, Owen GI, Carvajal CA, Fardella CE. Identification of novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors by combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:71-82. [PMID: 24447464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) converts cortisone to cortisol in a NADPH dependent manner. Overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in key metabolic tissues is related to the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Using crystal structures of human 11β-HSD1 in complex with inhibitors as source of structural information, a combined ligand and structure-based virtual screening approach was implemented to identify novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. A selected group of compounds was identified in silico and further evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and 11β-HSD1 mediated cortisol production inhibitory capacity. The expression of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 in human LS14 adipocytes was assessed during differentiation. Biological evaluation of 39 compounds in adipocytes and steroids quantification by HPLC-MS/MS identify 4 compounds that exhibit 11β-HSD1 mediated cortisol production inhibitory activity with potencies in the micromolar range. Two compounds showed to be selective for the 11β-HSD1 reductase activity and over 11β-HSD2 isoform, and thus represent novel leads for the development of more active derivatives with higher efficacies targeting intracellular cortisol levels in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Lagos
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal A Fuentes
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan E Tichauer
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valdivia
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Campino
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pia Villarroel
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Smalley SV, Preiss Y, Suazo J, Vega JA, Angellotti I, Lagos CF, Rivera E, Kleinsteuber K, Campion J, Martínez JA, Maiz A, Santos JL. Novel splice-affecting variants in CYP27A1 gene in two Chilean patients with Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 38:30-6. [PMID: 25983621 PMCID: PMC4415556 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738120140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX), a rare lipid storage disorder, is caused by
recessive loss-of-function mutations of the 27-sterol hydroxylase
(CYP27A1), producing an alteration of the synthesis of bile
acids, with an accumulation of cholestanol. Clinical characteristics include juvenile
cataracts, diarrhea, tendon xanthomas, cognitive impairment and other neurological
manifestations. Early diagnosis is critical, because treatment with chenodeoxycholic
acid may prevent neurological damage. We studied the CYP27A1 gene in
two Chilean CTX patients by sequencing its nine exons, exon-intron boundaries, and
cDNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Patient 1 is a compound heterozygote
for the novel substitution c.256-1G > T that causes exon 2 skipping, leading to a
premature stop codon in exon 3, and for the previously-known pathogenic mutation
c.1183C > T (p.Arg395Cys). Patient 2 is homozygous for the novel mutation
c.1185-1G > A that causes exon 7 skipping and the generation of a premature stop
codon in exon 8, leading to the loss of the crucial adrenoxin binding domain of
CYP27A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan V Smalley
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yudith Preiss
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile . ; School of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Suazo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile . ; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Andrés Vega
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Angellotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Rivera
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile . ; Department of Neurology, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karin Kleinsteuber
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile . ; Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Campion
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Maiz
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tapia-Castillo A, Carvajal CA, Campino C, Vecchiola A, Allende F, Solari S, García L, Lavanderos S, Valdivia C, Fuentes C, Lagos CF, Martínez-Aguayo A, Baudrand R, Aglony M, García H, Fardella CE. Polymorphisms in the RAC1 gene are associated with hypertension risk factors in a Chilean pediatric population. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:299-307. [PMID: 24487980 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in hypertension as a modulator of mineralocorticoid receptor activity. Our aim is to investigate the frequency of polymorphisms rs10951982 (intron 1, G>A) and rs836478 (intron 3, T>C) in the RAC1 gene and perform association studies with clinical and biochemical parameters in a Chilean pediatric cohort. METHODS Two hundred two normotensive (NT) subjects (aged 4-16 years) were divided into 2 groups: NT subjects with hypertensive parents (NH; n = 103) and NT subjects with NT parents (NN; n = 99). We measured markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor α), endothelial damage (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 metalloproteinase-9, and metalloproteinase-2), and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde). Data were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS We found differences in polymorphism rs836478 (intron 3, C>T) in both genotypic (χ(2) = 15.2, 2 df; P = 0.0005) and allelic (X(2)=5.5, 1 df; P = 0.01) frequencies in NH vs. NN subjects. NH subjects with a TT genotype showed increase MMP9 expression (median = 2.3, IQR - 1.6-3.2; vs. median = 1.6, IQR = 1.6-2.3 AU; P = 0.01) and lower IL-6 expression (median = 8.8, IQR = 7.0-11.8; vs. median = 12.1, IQR = 8.2-14.7 pg/ml; P = 0.02) compared with subjects with TC/CC genotype. No difference in the allelic frequency distribution was seen in the polymorphism rs10951982 (NH vs. NN: χ(2)=0.2, 1 df; P = 0.6). For this SNP, NN subjects with GA/AA genotype showed decreased diastolic BP indexes compared with subjects with native GG genotype (median = 1.08, IQR = 1.0-1.2; vs. median = 0.99, IQR = 0.94-1.1; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We report the frequency of polymorphisms rs836478 and rs10951982 of the RAC1 gene in a Spanish-Amerindian cohort. The polymorphism rs836478 was associated with an increased expression in markers of inflammation and endothelial damage (MMP9 and IL-6) in pediatric subjects with a hypertensive genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cortés VA, Smalley SV, Goldenberg D, Lagos CF, Hodgson MI, Santos JL. Divergent metabolic phenotype between two sisters with congenital generalized lipodystrophy due to double AGPAT2 homozygous mutations. a clinical, genetic and in silico study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87173. [PMID: 24498038 PMCID: PMC3909042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by extreme reduction of white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. CGL type 1 is the most frequent form and is caused by mutations in AGPAT2. Genetic and clinical studies were performed in two affected sisters of a Chilean family. These patients have notoriously dissimilar metabolic abnormalities that correlate with differential levels of circulating leptin and soluble leptin receptor fraction. Sequencing of AGPAT2 exons and exon-intron boundaries revealed two homozygous mutations in both sisters. Missense mutation c.299G>A changes a conserved serine in the acyltransferase NHX4D motif of AGPAT2 (p.Ser100Asn). Intronic c.493-1G>C mutation destroy a conserved splicing site that likely leads to exon 4 skipping and deletion of whole AGPAT2 substrate binding domain. In silico protein modeling provided insights of the mechanisms of lack of catalytic activity owing to both mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A. Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (VC); (JS)
| | - Susan V. Smalley
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Goldenberg
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María I. Hodgson
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (VC); (JS)
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González PM, Lagos CF, Ward WC, Polli JE. Structural requirements of the human sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT): role of 3- and 7-OH moieties on binding and translocation of bile acids. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:588-98. [PMID: 24328955 DOI: 10.1021/mp400575t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are the end products of cholesterol metabolism. One of the critical steps in their biosynthesis involves the isomerization of the 3β-hydroxyl (-OH) group on the cholestane ring to the common 3α-configuration on BAs. BAs are actively recaptured from the small intestine by the human Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter (hASBT) with high affinity and capacity. Previous studies have suggested that no particular hydroxyl group on BAs is critical for binding or transport by hASBT, even though 3β-hydroxylated BAs were not examined. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the 3α-OH group on BAs binding and translocation by hASBT. Ten 3β-hydroxylated BAs (Iso-bile acids, iBAs) were synthesized, characterized, and subjected to hASBT inhibition and uptake studies. hASBT inhibition and uptake kinetics of iBAs were compared to that of native 3α-OH BAs. Glycine conjugates of native and isomeric BAs were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to identify topological descriptors related to binding and translocation by hASBT. Iso-BAs bound to hASBT with lower affinity and exhibited reduced translocation than their respective 3α-epimers. Kinetic data suggests that, in contrast to native BAs where hASBT binding is the rate-limiting step, iBAs transport was rate-limited by translocation and not binding. Remarkably, 7-dehydroxylated iBAs were not hASBT substrates, highlighting the critical role of 7-OH group on BA translocation by hASBT, especially for iBAs. Conformational analysis of gly-iBAs and native BAs identified topological features for optimal binding as: concave steroidal nucleus, 3-OH "on-" or below-steroidal plane, 7-OH below-plane, and 12-OH moiety toward-plane. Our results emphasize the relevance of the 3α-OH group on BAs for proper hASBT binding and transport and revealed the critical role of 7-OH group on BA translocation, particularly in the absence of a 3α-OH group. Results have implications for BA prodrug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M González
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
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Vecchiola A, Lagos CF, Fuentes CA, Allende F, Campino C, Valdivia C, Tapia-Castillo A, Ogishima T, Mukai K, Owen G, Solari S, Carvajal CA, Fardella CE. Different effects of progesterone and estradiol on chimeric and wild type aldosterone synthase in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:76. [PMID: 23938178 PMCID: PMC3848474 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hyperaldosteronism type I (FH-I) is caused by the unequal recombination between the 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) genes, resulting in the generation of a CYP11B1/B2 chimeric gene and abnormal adrenal aldosterone production. Affected patients usually show severe hypertension and an elevated frequency of stroke at a young age. Aldosterone levels rise during pregnancy, yet in pregnant women with FH-1, their hypertensive condition either remains unchanged or may even improve. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro whether female sex steroids modulate the activity of chimeric (ASCE) or wild type (ASWT) aldosterone synthase enzymes. METHODS We designed an in vitro assay using HEK-293 cell line transiently transfected with vectors containing the full ASCE or ASWT cDNAs. Progesterone or estradiol effects on AS enzyme activities were evaluated in transfected cells incubated with deoxycorticosterone (DOC) alone or DOC plus increasing doses of these steroids. RESULTS In our in vitro model, both enzymes showed similar apparent kinetic parameters (Km = 1.191 microM and Vmax = 27.08 microM/24 h for ASCE and Km = 1.163 microM and Vmax = 36.98 microM/24 h for ASWT; p = ns, Mann-Whitney test). Progesterone inhibited aldosterone production by ASCE- and ASWT-transfected cells, while estradiol demonstrated no effect. Progesterone acted as a competitive inhibitor for both enzymes. Molecular modelling studies and binding affinity estimations indicate that progesterone might bind to the substrate site in both ASCE and ASWT, supporting the idea that this steroid could regulate these enzymatic activities and contribute to the decay of aldosterone synthase activity in chimeric gene-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an inhibitory action of progesterone in the aldosterone synthesis by chimeric or wild type aldosterone synthase enzymes. This is a novel regulatory mechanism of progesterone action, which could be involved in protecting pregnant women with FH-1 against hypertension. In vitro, both enzymes showed comparable kinetic parameters, but ASWT was more strongly inhibited than ASCE. This study implicates a new role for progesterone in the regulation of aldosterone levels that could contribute, along with other factors, to the maintenance of an adequate aldosterone-progesterone balance in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vecchiola
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal A Fuentes
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Campino
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valdivia
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tadashi Ogishima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Mukai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Gareth Owen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Portugal 45, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Lira 85, 5th Floor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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Blanco EH, Lagos CF, Andrés ME, Gysling K. An amphipathic alpha-helix in the prodomain of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide precursor serves as its sorting signal to the regulated secretory pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59695. [PMID: 23527253 PMCID: PMC3602189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptides are anorexigenic neuropeptides. The L34F mutation in human CART peptide precursor (proCART) has been linked to obesity (Yanik et al. Endocrinology 147: 39, 2006). Decrease in CART peptide levels in individuals carrying the L34F mutation was attributed to proCART subcellular missorting. We studied proCART features required to enter the regulated secretory pathway. The subcellular localization and the secretion mode of monomeric EGFP fused to the full-length or truncated forms of human proCART transiently transfected in PC12 cells were analyzed. Our results showed that the N-terminal 1-41 fragment of proCART was necessary and sufficient to sort proCART to the regulated secretory pathway. In silico modeling predicted an alpha-helix structure located between residues 24-37 of proCART. Helical wheel projection of proCART alpha-helix showed an amphipathic configuration. The L34F mutation does not modify the amphipathicity of proCART alpha-helix and consistently proCARTL34F was efficiently sorted to the regulated secretory pathway. However, four additional mutations to proCARTL34F that reduced its alpha-helix amphipathicity resulted in the missorting of the mutated proCART toward the constitutive secretory pathway. These findings show that an amphipathic alpha-helix is a key cis-structure for the proCART sorting mechanism. In addition, our results indicate that the association between L34F mutation and obesity is not explained by proCART missorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías H. Blanco
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (EHB); (KG)
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Estela Andrés
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (EHB); (KG)
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Dussaillant C, Serrano V, Maiz A, Eyheramendy S, Cataldo LR, Chavez M, Smalley SV, Fuentes M, Rigotti A, Rubio L, Lagos CF, Martinez JA, Santos JL. APOA5 Q97X mutation identified through homozygosity mapping causes severe hypertriglyceridemia in a Chilean consanguineous family. BMC Med Genet 2012; 13:106. [PMID: 23151256 PMCID: PMC3523038 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has been linked to defects in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 and GBIHBP1 genes. However, a number of severe HTG cases are probably caused by as yet unidentified mutations. Very high triglyceride plasma levels (>112 mmol/L at diagnosis) were found in two sisters of a Chilean consanguineous family, which is strongly suggestive of a recessive highly penetrant mutation. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic locus responsible for the severe HTG in this family. Methods We carried out a genome-wide linkage study with nearly 300,000 biallelic markers (Illumina Human CytoSNP-12 panel). Using the homozygosity mapping strategy, we searched for chromosome regions with excess of homozygous genotypes in the affected cases compared to non-affected relatives. Results A large homozygous segment was found in the long arm of chromosome 11, with more than 2,500 consecutive homozygous SNP shared by the proband with her affected sister, and containing the APOA5/A4/C3/A1 cluster. Direct sequencing of the APOA5 gene revealed a known homozygous nonsense Q97X mutation (p.Gln97Ter) found in both affected sisters but not in non-affected relatives nor in a sample of unrelated controls. Conclusion The Q97X mutation of the APOA5 gene in homozygous status is responsible for the severe hypertriglyceridemia in this family. We have shown that homozygosity mapping correctly pinpointed the genomic region containing the gene responsible for severe hypertriglyceridemia in this consanguineous Chilean family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Dussaillant
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda, Santiago, Chile
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Jara O, Acuña R, García IE, Maripillán J, Figueroa V, Sáez JC, Araya-Secchi R, Lagos CF, Pérez-Acle T, Berthoud VM, Beyer EC, Martínez AD. Critical role of the first transmembrane domain of Cx26 in regulating oligomerization and function. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3299-311. [PMID: 22787277 PMCID: PMC3431943 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-12-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identifies a motif within the first transmembrane domain of Cx26, from amino acids Val-37 through Ala-40, that is critical for oligomerization and function. The impacts of deafness-associated mutations within this motif upon gap junction channel and hemichannel functions correlate with the severity of disease that they cause. To identify motifs involved in oligomerization of the gap junction protein Cx26, we studied individual transmembrane (TM) domains and the full-length protein. Using the TOXCAT assay for interactions of isolated TM α-helices, we found that TM1, a Cx26 pore domain, had a strong propensity to homodimerize. We identified amino acids Val-37–Ala-40 (VVAA) as the TM1 motif required for homodimerization. Two deafness-associated Cx26 mutations localized in this region, Cx26V37I and Cx26A40G, differentially affected dimerization. TM1-V37I dimerized only weakly, whereas TM1-A40G did not dimerize. When the full-length mutants were expressed in HeLa cells, both Cx26V37I and Cx26A40G formed oligomers less efficiently than wild-type Cx26. A Cx26 cysteine substitution mutant, Cx26V37C formed dithiothreitol-sensitive dimers. Substitution mutants of Val-37 formed intercellular channels with reduced function, while mutants of Ala-40 did not form functional gap junction channels. Unlike wild-type Cx26, neither Cx26V37I nor Cx26A40G formed functional hemichannels in low extracellular calcium. Thus the VVAA motif of Cx26 is critical for TM1 dimerization, hexamer formation, and channel function. The differential effects of VVAA mutants on hemichannels and gap junction channels imply that inter-TM interactions can differ in unapposed and docked hemichannels. Moreover, Cx26 oligomerization appears dependent on transient TM1 dimerization as an intermediate step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Jara
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Lagos CF, Araya-Secchi R, Thomas P, Pérez-Acle T, Tapia RA, Salas CO. Molecular modeling of Trypanosoma cruzi glutamate cysteine ligase and investigation of its interactions with glutathione. J Mol Model 2012; 18:2055-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carvajal CA, Campino C, Martinez-Aguayo A, Tichauer JE, Bancalari R, Valdivia C, Trejo P, Aglony M, Baudrand R, Lagos CF, Mellado C, Garcia H, Fardella CE. A New Presentation of the Chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 Gene With Low Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism and Atypical Gene Segregation Pattern. Hypertension 2012; 59:85-91. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial hyperaldosteronism type I is caused by an unequal crossover of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) genes, giving rise to a chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene (CG). We describe a family carrying a CG with high levels of free 18-hydroxycortisol but low prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) and an atypical CG inheritance pattern in a family of 4 generations with 16 adults and 13 children, we measured the arterial blood pressure, serum aldosterone, and plasma renin activity and then calculated the serum aldosterone:plasma renin activity ratio and urinary free 18-hydroxycortisol. We identified the CG by long-extension PCR and predicted its inheritance pattern. The CG was found in 24 of 29 subjects (10 children and 14 adults). In CG+ patients, hypertension and high 18-hydroxycortisol were prevalent (83% and 100%, respectively). High serum aldosterone:plasma renin activity ratio was more frequent in pediatric than adult patients (80% versus 36%;
P
<0.001). An inverse association between serum aldosterone:plasma renin activity ratio and age was observed (
r
=−0.48;
P
=0.018). Sequence analysis identified the CYP11B1/CYP11B2 crossover in a 50-bp region spanning intron 3 of CYP11B1 and exon 4 of CYP11B2. The CG segregation differs from an autosomal disease, showing 100% of CG penetrance in generations II and III. Statistical analysis suggests that inheritance pattern was not attributed to random segregation (
P
<0.001). In conclusion, we describe a family with an atypical CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene inheritance pattern and variable phenotypic expression, where the majority of pediatric patients have primary aldosteronism. Most adults have normal aldosterone and renin levels, which could mask them as essential hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A. Carvajal
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Campino
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Aguayo
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan E. Tichauer
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Bancalari
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valdivia
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Trejo
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marlene Aglony
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - René Baudrand
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Mellado
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Garcia
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E. Fardella
- From the Department of Endocrinology (C.A.C., C.C., J.E.T., C.V., P.T., R.B., C.F.L., C.E.F.), Division of Pediatrics (A.M.-A., R.B., M.A., C.M., H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry (C.F.L.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (C.A.C., C.C., R.B., C.E.F.), Santiago, Chile
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Lizama C, Lagos CF, Lagos-Cabré R, Cantuarias L, Rivera F, Huenchuñir P, Pérez-Acle T, Carrión F, Moreno RD. Calpain inhibitors prevent p38 MAPK activation and germ cell apoptosis after heat stress in pubertal rat testes. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:296-305. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lagos CF, Caballero J, Gonzalez-Nilo FD, David Pessoa-Mahana C, Perez-Acle T. Docking and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Studies for the Bisphenylbenzimidazole Family of Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 72:360-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Gonzalez A, Duran LS, Araya-Secchi R, Garate JA, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Lagos CF, Perez-Acle T. Computational modeling study of functional microdomains in cannabinoid receptor type 1. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4378-89. [PMID: 18342519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The seven transmembrane helices (TMH) G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the largest superfamily of signaling proteins found in mammals. Some of its members, in which the cannabinoid (CB) receptors are included, stand out because their functional states can be modulated by a broad spectrum of effector molecules. The relative ligand promiscuity exhibited by these receptors could be related with particular attributes conferred by their molecular architecture and represents a motivating issue to be explored. In this regard, this study represents an effort to investigate the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) ligand recognition plasticity, using comparative modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and docking. Our results suggest that a cooperative set of subtle structural rearrangements within the TMHs provide to the CB1 protein the plasticity to reach alternate configurations. These changes include the relaxation of intramolecular constraints, the rotations, translations and kinks of the majority of TMHs and the reorganization of the ligand binding cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gonzalez
- Centre for Bioinformatics CBUC, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49-6513492, Santiago, Chile.
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Colombres M, Garate JA, Lagos CF, Araya-Secchi R, Norambuena P, Quiroz S, Larrondo L, Pérez-Acle T, Eyzaguirre J. An eleven amino acid residue deletion expands the substrate specificity of acetyl xylan esterase II (AXE II) from Penicillium purpurogenum. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2007; 22:19-28. [PMID: 18060506 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-007-9149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The soft-rot fungus Penicillium purpurogenum secretes to the culture medium a variety of enzymes related to xylan biodegradation, among them three acetyl xylan esterases (AXE I, II and III). AXE II has 207 amino acids; it belongs to family 5 of the carbohydrate esterases and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 0.9 A resolution (PDB 1G66). The enzyme possesses the alpha/beta hydrolase fold and the catalytic triad typical of serine esterases (Ser90, His187 and Asp175). AXE II can hydrolyze esters of a large variety of alcohols, but it is restricted to short chain fatty acids. An analysis of its three-dimensional structure shows that a loop that covers the active site may be responsible for this strict specificity. Cutinase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes esters of long chain fatty acids and shows a structure similar to AXE II, lacks this loop. In order to generate an AXE II with this broader specificity, the preparation of a mutant lacking residues involving this loop (Gly104 to Ala114) was proposed. A set of molecular simulation experiments based on a comparative model of the mutant enzyme predicted a stable structure. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the loop's residues have been eliminated from the AXE II cDNA. The mutant protein has been expressed in Aspergillus nidulans A722 and Pichia pastoris, and it is active towards a range of fatty acid esters of up to at least 14 carbons. The availability of an esterase with broader specificity may have biotechnological applications for the synthesis of sugar esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Colombres
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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