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Majumdar S, Tiwari A, Mallick D, Patel DK, Trigun SK, Krishnamurthy S. Oral Release Kinetics, Biodistribution, and Excretion of Dopants from Barium-Containing Bioactive Glass in Rats. ACS Omega 2024; 9:7188-7205. [PMID: 38371771 PMCID: PMC10870265 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Inorganic biomaterials are biologically active and are used as implants and drug delivery system. They have therapeutically active elements present in their framework that are released in the physiological milieu. Release of these dopants above the supraphysiological limit may produce adverse effects and physicochemical interactions with the loaded drugs. Therefore, this necessitates evaluating the in vivo release kinetics, biodistribution, and excretion profiles of dopants from barium-doped bioglass (BaBG) that has potential anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and regenerative properties. Methods: In vitro leaching of Ca, Si, and Ba from BaBG was analyzed in simulated body fluid. Release kinetics post single-dose oral administration (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) was performed in rats. Blood was collected at different time points, and pharmacokinetic parameters of released elements were calculated. The routes of excretion and biodistribution in major organs were evaluated using ICP-MS. Results: Elements were released after the oral administration of BaBG into the plasma. They showed dose-dependent release kinetics and mean residence time. Cmax was observed at 24 h for all elements, followed by a downhill fall. There was also a dose-dependent increase in the volume of distribution, and the clearance of dopants was mostly through feces. Ba and Si were biodistributed significantly in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. However, by the end of day 7, there was a leveling-off effect observed for all elements. Conclusion: All of the dopants exhibited a dose-dependent increase in release kinetics and biodistribution in vital organs. This study will help in dose optimization and understanding of various physicochemical and pharmacokinetic interactions when BaBG is used for future pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Majumdar
- Neurotherapeutics
Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anshul Tiwari
- Analytical
Sciences and Accredited Testing Services, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Debasmit Mallick
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra K. Patel
- Analytical
Sciences and Accredited Testing Services, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics
Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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2
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Tripathi V, Gaur VK, Thakur RS, Patel DK, Manickam N. Assessing the half-life and degradation kinetics of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria isolated from crude oil contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2023:139264. [PMID: 37348617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from the oil industries and refineries has worsened various environmental compartments. In this study, indigenous oil degrading bacteria were isolated from crude oil obtained from an Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) asset in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. Based on 16S rRNA phylogeny, they were identified as Pseudomonas boreopolis IITR108, Microbacterium schleiferi IITR109, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IITR110, and Bacillus velezensis IITR111. The strain IITR108, IITR109, IITR110, and IITR111 showed 80-89% and 71-78% degradation of aliphatic (C8-C40) and aromatic (4-5 ring) hydrocarbons respectively in 45 d when supplemented with 3% (v/v) waste crude oil. When compared to individual bacteria, the consortium degrades 93.2% of aliphatic hydrocarbons and 85.5% of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. It was observed that the total aliphatic and aromatic content of crude oil 394,470 μg/mL and 47,050 μg/mL was reduced up to 9617.75 μg/mL and 4586 μg/mL respectively in 45 d when consortium was employed. The rate kinetics analysis revealed that the biodegradation isotherm followed first order kinetics, with a linear correlation between concentration (hydrocarbons) and time intervals. The half-life of aliphatic (C8-C40) and aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 200 to 453 h and 459-714 h respectively. All the bacteria efficiently produced catabolic enzymes such as alkane monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and lipase during the degradation of crude oil. These findings indicated that the bacterial consortium can be a better candidate for bioremediation and reclamation of aliphatic and aromatics hydrocarbon contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tripathi
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek K Gaur
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Presently: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravindra S Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Kalita J, Tripathi A, Jadhav M, Thakur RS, Patel DK. A Study of Dopaminergic Pathway in Neurologic Wilson Disease with Movement Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3496-3506. [PMID: 36879138 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Movement disorder (MD) is an important manifestation of neurologic Wilson disease (NWD), but there is a paucity of information on dopaminergic pathways. We evaluate dopamine and its receptors in patients with NWD and correlate the changes with MD and MRI changes. Twenty patients with NWD having MD were included. The severity of dystonia was assessed using BFM (Burke-Fahn-Marsden) score. The neurological severity of NWD was categorized as grades I to III based on the sum score of 5 neurological signs and activity of daily living. Dopamine concentration in plasma and CSF was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and D1 and D2 receptor expression at mRNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients and 20 matched controls. The median age of the patients was 15 years and 7 (35%) were females. Eighteen (90%) patients had dystonia and 2 (10%) had chorea. The CSF dopamine concentration (0.08 ± 0.02 vs 0.09 ± 0.017 pg/ml; p = 0.42) in the patients and controls was comparable, but D2 receptor expression was reduced in the patients (0.41 ± 0.13 vs 1.39 ± 1.04; p = 0.01). Plasma dopamine level correlated with BFM score (r = 0.592, p < 0.01) and D2 receptor expression with the severity of chorea (r = 0.447, p < 0.05). The neurological severity of WD correlated with plasma dopamine concentration (p = 0.006). Dopamine and its receptors were not related to MRI changes. The central nervous system dopaminergic pathway is not enhanced in NWD, which may be due to structural damage to the corpus striatum and/or substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayantee Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Abhilasha Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahesh Jadhav
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra S Thakur
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar A, Das T, Thakur RS, Fatima Z, Prasad S, Ansari NG, Patel DK. Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons and Their Immobilization on Alginate Gels for the Simultaneous Removal of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Hg(II) from Water. ACS Omega 2022; 7:41997-42011. [PMID: 36440176 PMCID: PMC9685772 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost alginate gels of activated carbons were prepared, which were derived from the peels of banana and sweet lime. The synthesized carbon was activated and immobilized on alginate, producing its gel. These gels were categorized according to their methods of drying, in which air drying, freeze drying, and supercritical drying led to the formation of xerogels, cryogels, and aerogels, respectively. The gels were used for adsorption of heavy metals from their aqueous solution. The heavy metals that were targeted for removal were Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), As(III), and Hg(II). Among all the adsorbents, the alginate cryogel of sweet lime-derived activated carbon (SLACC) showed the highest removal percentage of heavy metals, and thus, it was used for batch study. The adsorption of heavy metals by SLACC was checked at different times, pH values, adsorbent doses, temperatures, and adsorbate concentrations. The study revealed that the pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetic study, while the adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm. SLACC showed maximum adsorption capacities (q cal) of 3.71, 4.22, 20.04, 7.31, and 4.37 mg/g for Cr, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg, respectively, when 20 mg of SLACC was used for the removal of 4 ppm concentration of the targeted heavy metals from their 20 mL solution. Based on the thermodynamic study, it was found that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Furthermore, the adsorbent was also used on real water samples and showed up to 90% removal efficiency for these targeted heavy metals. SLACC was regenerated with 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution and reused for five cycles, in which the percentage removal of heavy metals was more than 50% till the fourth cycle. Furthermore, the leaching study showed that no toxic elements had leached from SLACC into water, making it a safe adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Triparna Das
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Zeenat Fatima
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satgur Prasad
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nasreen G. Ansari
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Devendra K. Patel
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
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5
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Sarkar GG, Tripathi A, Kumar V, Patel DK, Misra UK, Pandey AK. A Study of Catecholamine Levels in Acute ICH Patients and its Clinical Significance. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35443409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ICH is one of the most serious neurological emergency which can result in high mortality which may be related to catecholamine release. We aim to evaluate serum catecholamine levels in acute ICH and correlate their levels with clinical parameters of stress and outcome. MATERIAL Consecutive patients with CT proven ICH within 7 days of ictus were included and their clinical finding, SIRS Parameters, GCS, NIH score, laboratory parameters (ESR, CRP) were evaluated. Serum Catecholamine (DA, NE, E) levels were measured by LCMS. The patients were followed up at discharge and one month, the outcome was defined by mortality and 1 month modified Rankin scale (good 0-2, poor >2). OBSERVATION There were 31 patients of acute ICH. Patients were admitted 1 to 2 days after ictus. Among the patients 19 were male and 12 were female.Their age ranged from 31 to 86 with mean 53.3+- 16.7. History of hypertension was present in 27.3% of patients. Their average GCS was median 12 (6.0, 15.0) and NIHSS was 12.5 (8.5, 22) Their average ESR was 30 (13,56) and average CRP was 1.8 (1.1, 5.9). Almost all pateints had raised SIRS parameters. There was an increase in levels of Dopamine (63.2 pg/ml), Epinephrine (73.5 pg/ml) and Norepinephrine (390pg/ml) on admission as compared to their levels 1 week after ictus or on discharge (Dopamine 35.6, Epinephrine 52.1, and Norepinephrine 241 pg/ml). CONCLUSION CA surge is common in ICH pateints and it correlates with severity and outcome of patient. 6 pateints died in the hospital 72 % of patients had poor outcome. Catecholamine levels were higher in poor outcome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurab Guha Sarkar
- Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollomedics Hospital, IITR, Lucknow
| | - Abhilasha Tripathi
- Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollomedics Hospital, IITR, Lucknow
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollomedics Hospital, IITR, Lucknow
| | - D K Patel
- Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollomedics Hospital, IITR, Lucknow
| | - U K Misra
- Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollomedics Hospital, IITR, Lucknow
| | - A K Pandey
- Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Apollomedics Hospital, IITR, Lucknow
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6
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Kushwaha AS, Thakur RS, Patel DK, Kumar M. Impact of arsenic on phosphate solubilization, acquisition and poly-phosphate accumulation in endophytic fungus Serendipita indica. Microbiol Res 2022; 259:127014. [PMID: 35349854 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic interactions play a crucial role in the phosphate (Pi) nutrient status of the host plant and offer resilience during biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite a competitive behavior of arsenic (AsV) with Pi, Serendipita indica association promotes plant growth by reducing arsenic bioavailability in the rhizosphere. Reduced arsenic availability is due to the adsorption, accumulation, and precipitation of arsenic in the fungus. The present investigation focused on the fitness and performance of Pi acquisition and utilization in S. indica for growth and metabolism under arsenic stress. The fungus accumulates a massive amount of arsenic up to 2459.3 ppm at a tolerable limit of arsenic supply (1 mM) with a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) 32. Arsenic induces Pi transporter expression to stimulate the arsenic acquisition in the fungus. At the same time, Pi accumulation was also enhanced by 112.2 times higher than the control with an increase in poly-P (polyphosphate) content (6.69 times) of the cell. This result suggests arsenic does not hamper poly-P storage in the cell but shows a marked delocalization of stored poly-P from the vacuoles. Furthermore, an enhanced exopolyphosphatase activity and poly-P storage during arsenic stress suggest induction of cellular machinery for the utilization of Pi is required to deal with arsenic toxicity and competition. However, at high arsenic supply (2.5 and 5 mM), 14.55 and 22.07 times reduced Pi utilization, respectively, was observed during the Pi uptake by the fungus. The reduction of Pi uptake reduces the cell growth and biomass due to competition between arsenic and phosphate. The study suggests no negative impact of arsenic on the Pi acquisition, storage, and metabolism in symbiotic fungus, S. indica, under environmental arsenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Singh Kushwaha
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Division and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Division and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Chaouhan HS, Jha RR, Patel DK, Kar Chowdhuri D. Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage is lessened by the modulation of hsp70 via increased GSH de novo synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22819. [PMID: 34056787 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a genotoxic chemical, and in the chemical-exposed organism, oxidative stress is one of the leading causative mechanisms of genotoxicity. Heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) is reported to be modulated in environmental chemical exposed organisms. Inadequate information on the protective role of Hsp70 in chemical-induced DNA lesions prompted us to investigate this possibility in a well-studied genetically tractable in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster. In the midgut cells of Cr(VI)-exposed hsp70-knockout (KO), -knockdown (KD), and -overexpression Drosophila strains, no significant change in double-strand breaks generation was observed in comparison to similarly exposed w 1118 and the respective genetic control strain after 48 h. Therefore, the role of hsp70 was investigated on oxidative DNA damage induction in the exposed organisms after 24 h. Oxidized DNA lesions (particularly oxidized purine-based lesions), 8-oxo-dG level, and oxidative stress endpoints were found to be significantly elevated in hsp70-KO and -KD strains in comparison to similarly exposed w 1118 and respective genetic control strain. On the contrary, in ubiquitous hsp70-overexpression strain exposed to Cr(VI), these endpoints were significantly lowered concurrently with increased GSH level through elevated gclc, and gclm expression, Gclc level, and GCL activity. The study suggests that as a consequence of hsp70 overexpression, the augmented GSH level in cells vis-a-vis GSH de novo synthesis can counteract Cr(VI)-induced oxidized DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S Chaouhan
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh R Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar A, Prasad S, Saxena PN, Ansari NG, Patel DK. Synthesis of an Alginate-Based Fe 3O 4-MnO 2 Xerogel and Its Application for the Concurrent Elimination of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution. ACS Omega 2021; 6:3931-3945. [PMID: 33644530 PMCID: PMC7906430 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, magnetite-manganese oxide (Fe3O4-MnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized and immobilized on alginate, producing a magnetite-manganese oxide xerogel (mMOX). This eco-friendly xerogel was used as an adsorbent of Cr(VI) and Cd(II). It was mesoporous and thermally stable, as determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and thermogravimetric analysis. A scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray system, Zetasizer, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared were used for characterization of adsorbents. The performance of the mMOX was investigated for the simultaneous adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) at different temperatures, pH values, contact times, initial concentrations of the adsorbate, and adsorbent doses. The developed xerogel (mMOX) showed high adsorption capacities of 3.86 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 3.95 mg/g for Cd(II) on 120 min of contact time with 5 ppm Cr(VI) and Cd(II) solution. The kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo-second order, while the Freundlich isotherm model was found to be fit for adsorption data. Thermodynamic study revealed the adsorption to be spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorbent showed useful application for real water samples by more than 75% uptake of Cr and Cd with low adsorption of Na, K, and Mg. The regeneration study indicated that the mMOX could be reused up to six cycles with more than 50% removal of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution with minimal leaching of metal ions (Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mn) into the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Satgur Prasad
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem N. Saxena
- Electron
Microscopy, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology
Research, (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Nasreen G. Ansari
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Devendra K. Patel
- Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi
Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Kori RK, Mandrah K, Hasan W, Patel DK, Roy SK, Yadav RS. Identification of markers of depression and neurotoxicity in pesticide exposed agriculture workers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22477. [PMID: 32115844 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we reported that chronic exposure to pesticides causes a reduction in the acetylcholinesterase activity and hematological and biochemical alterations in agriculture workers. In continuation with that, the present study aimed to investigate the pesticide-induced neurochemical imbalance and its association with behavior alterations in agricultural workers. A significant increase in depressive symptoms, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II was observed in pesticide exposed workers as compared to the unexposed. A decrease in the level of dopamine in plasma and levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acids, norepinephrine, serotonin, and hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine was also observed. An increase in the levels of MAO-A and MAO-B has also been observed in these individuals. The decreased levels of neurotransmitters in the blood and urine have been linked with increased levels of MAO and pesticide residues in plasma and urine. Furthermore, these changes were associated with a higher incidence of depression in agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Kori
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Mandrah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Whidul Hasan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somendu K Roy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh S Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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10
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Singh R, Mandrah K, Asati A, Patel DK, Goel B, Vishwakarma RA, Roy SK, Jain SK. Transformation of Santonin to a Naproxen Analogue with Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:1710-1713. [PMID: 31125226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Santonin, a natural product, was aromatized with molecular iodine as the catalyst. The new compound was characterized as ( S)-methyl-2-(7-hydroxy-5,8-dimethylnaphthalen-2-yl) propanoate (2) based on 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Structurally, compound 2 was highly similar to the anti-inflammatory drug naproxen. The new naproxen analogue had significant potency against cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (IC50 = 31.0 and 66.1 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division and Natural Product Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road , Jammu - 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu and CSIR-IITR , Lucknow - 226016 , India
| | - Kapil Mandrah
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu and CSIR-IITR , Lucknow - 226016 , India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology , Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR) , Vishvigyan Bhavan 31 , Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ankita Asati
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu and CSIR-IITR , Lucknow - 226016 , India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology , Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR) , Vishvigyan Bhavan 31 , Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu and CSIR-IITR , Lucknow - 226016 , India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology , Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR) , Vishvigyan Bhavan 31 , Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi - 221005 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division and Natural Product Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road , Jammu - 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu and CSIR-IITR , Lucknow - 226016 , India
| | - Somendu K Roy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), at CSIR-IIIM, Jammu and CSIR-IITR , Lucknow - 226016 , India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology , Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR) , Vishvigyan Bhavan 31 , Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Medicinal Chemistry Division and Natural Product Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road , Jammu - 180001 , India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi - 221005 , Uttar Pradesh , India
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11
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Asati A, Satyanarayana G, Srivastava VT, Patel DK. Determination of organochlorine compounds in fish liver by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of organic droplet coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1561:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Jha RR, Singh C, Pant AB, Patel DK. Ionic liquid based ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction for simultaneous determination of 15 neurotransmitters in rat brain, plasma and cell samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1005:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Goodwin M, Patel DK, Vyas A, Khan AJ, McGrady MG, Boothman N, Pretty IA. Sugar before bed: a simple dietary risk factor for caries experience. Community Dent Health 2017; 34:8-13. [PMID: 28561551 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_3926goodwin06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical care pathways have placed renewed emphasis on caries risk assessment and the ability to predict and prevent further disease. With diet considered a key factor in the development of caries, the level of caries risk posed by dietary habits, such as the frequency of intake and timing of free sugars is questioned. OBJECTIVE To identify reliable and simple dietary risk factors for caries experience. RESEARCH DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study of a convenience sample with data gained from clinical examinations, questionnaire and a 24 hour dietary-recall interview. PARTICIPANTS 128 subjects aged 11-12 from comprehensive schools in Greater Manchester and Newcastle upon-Tyne, UK. OUTCOME MEASURES free sugars consumed between meals, before bed and total % of total free sugars consumed were assessed from dietary assessments led by a dietitian. D4-6MFT was generated with a caries threshold of ICDAS stage 4 from clinical examinations. RESULTS Analysis revealed no significant differences in caries experience when looking specifically at caries into dentine, referred to as the cavity group (split at D4-6MFT), between high and low deprivation, consumption of free sugars between meals and free sugars (%). The consumption of free sugars within the hour before bed revealed a statistically significant difference between the cavity/no cavity groups (p=0.002). Logistic regression analysis on the cavity/no cavity groups revealed an odds ratio of 2.4 (95%CI 1.3,4.4) for free sugars consumption before bedtime. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the consumption of free sugars before bedtime may be an important risk factor for adolescent caries into dentine experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goodwin
- School of Dentistry Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, M15 6SE, UK
| | - D K Patel
- School of Dentistry Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, M15 6SE, UK
| | - A Vyas
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Paediatric Endocrinology, Manchester Children's Hospital, UK
| | - A J Khan
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Paediatric Endocrinology, Manchester Children's Hospital, UK
| | - M G McGrady
- School of Dentistry Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, M15 6SE, UK
| | - N Boothman
- School of Dentistry Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, M15 6SE, UK
| | - I A Pretty
- School of Dentistry Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, M15 6SE, UK
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Baser B, Patel DK, Mishra A. The Role of Extracorporeal Septoplasty in Severely Deviated Nasal Septum. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 71:271-277. [PMID: 31275843 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal septoplasty is a valuable tool in the armamentarium of the nasal surgeon for the reconstruction of the severely deviated septum. Extracorporeal septoplasty offers the surgeon the opportunity to correct the septum under direct visualization, shape the nasal vault and address the nasal dorsum with the ultimate goal of providing both form and function for the patient with a complex septal deviation. The study was conducted with the aim to measure the outcomes of extracorporeal septoplasty in severely deviated nasal septum, relief of symptoms (nasal obstruction), surgical complications, if any, revision, if any with objective to evaluate the functional outcome and aesthetic aspects of extracorporeal septoplasty. This was a prospective observational study of 35 patients with severe deviated nasal septum with or without external deformity of nose attending the ENT OPD between Jan 2015 and Jan 2016 at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore (M.P.). In this study, 17 patients (48.57%) shows excellent improvement on VAS scale, out of which 13 patients shows excellent improvement and 4 patients shows good improvement on photographic assessment. 11 patients (31.43%) show good improvement on VAS as well as photographic assessment and 7 patients (20%) show moderate improvement on VAS scale and fair improvement on photographic assessment. Extracorporeal septal reconstruction is an important surgical option for the correction of the markedly deviated nasal septum. Fixation of the straightened and replanted septum at the nasal spine and dorsal septum border with the upper lateral cartilages is essential. Spreader grafts for stabilization of the internal nasal valve and dorsal onlay grafts to prevent dorsal irregularity are strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajendra Baser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, NH3 Manorama Ganj, Indore, MP 452 001 India
| | - D K Patel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, NH3 Manorama Ganj, Indore, MP 452 001 India
| | - A Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, NH3 Manorama Ganj, Indore, MP 452 001 India
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Asati A, Satyanarayana G, Panchal S, Thakur RS, Ansari NG, Patel DK. Ionic liquid based vortex assisted liquid–liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of bisphenols in thermal papers with the aid of response surface methodology. J Chromatogr A 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Asati A, Satyanarayana GNV, Patel DK. Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction combined with LC–MS/MS for the determination of glucocorticoids in water with the aid of experimental design. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2905-2918. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yadav S, Rai S, Srivastava AK, Panchal S, Patel DK, Sharma VP, Jain S, Srivastava LP. Determination of pesticide and phthalate residues in tea by QuEChERS method and their fate in processing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:3074-3083. [PMID: 27854062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was applied for the analysis of the multiclass pesticide residues of 12 organochlorines (OCs), 9 organophosphates (OPs), 11 synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), 4 herbicides, 6 phthalates in raw tea (loose tea, branded tea and herbal tea), and tea infusion in 4 different containers (glass cup, earthen cup, plastic bag and disposal cup). In loose tea and branded tea residues, malathion (0.257 and 0.118 mg kg-1), cypermethrin (0.065 and 0.030 mg kg-1), and fenvalerate (0.032 and 0.030 mg kg-1) were detected, respectively. In herbal tea, residues of only cypermethrin (0.053 mg kg-1) and fenvalerate (0.045 mg kg-1) were detected. Tea infusion samples contained in a plastic bag were found to be contaminated with only dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (0.038 mg kg-1). Disposable cup was found to be contaminated with DBP (0.026 mg kg-1) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) (0.004 mg kg-1). Further, to know the processing behavior of pesticides, the spiked raw tea was subjected to tea infusion at different brewing times (2, 5, 10 min). The analysis demonstrated that dimethoate, dichlorvos, and malathion had shown more than 10 % of translocation at 5 min of brewing time. Further brewing for 10 min revealed the reduction in concentration of pesticides. Leaching of phthalate residues from different plastic containers was also studied at 10, 30, and 60 min. DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP), and di-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were leached in the tea infusion samples packed in plastic bags. On the other hand, in disposable cups, leaching of DBP, DEP, and dimethyl phthalate were found. The concentration of phthalate residues increased with retention time. Pesticide and phthalate contaminants were recorded at low quantities in few samples only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Yadav
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Satyajeet Rai
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Ashutosh K Srivastava
- Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, National Aids Research Institute, Plot No.73, G Block, MIDC, Pune, Bhosari, 411 026, India
| | - Smita Panchal
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - D K Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - V P Sharma
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Sudha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - L P Srivastava
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
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Kumari R, Jha RR, Singh MP, Patel DK. Whirling agitated single drop microextraction technique for the simultaneous analysis of Paraquat and Maneb in tissue samples of treated mice. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1725-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupender Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Rakesh R. Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Mahendra P. Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Division of Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Devendra K. Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Campus; Lucknow U.P. India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow U.P. India
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Shukla V, Patel DK, Bajpai R, Semwal M, Upreti DK. Ecological implication of variation in the secondary metabolites in Parmelioid lichens with respect to altitude. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1391-1397. [PMID: 26370809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are known to synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites having multifunctional activity in response to external environmental condition. Two common lichen extrolites, atranorin and salazinic acid, are known to afford antioxidant as well as photoprotectant nature depending on the abiotic/biotic stress. The present investigation aims to study the influence of altitudinal gradient on the quantitative profile of atranorin and salazinic acid in three lichen species, Bulbothrix setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale, Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale and Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy, Parmeliaceae using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. Samples were collected from high-altitude area, usually considered as non-polluted sites of Garhwal Himalaya. Characterization and quantification of the lichen substances in samples were carried out comparing with the standards of atranorin and salazinic acid. Results indicated significant variation in the chemical content with the rising altitude. All the three lichen species showed higher quantities of chemical substances with the altitudinal rise, while among the three lichen species, E. cirrhatum showed the highest quantity of total lichen compounds. The higher abundance and frequency of E. cirrhatum with increasing altitude as compared to B. setschwanensis and P. reticulatum may be attributed due to the presence of higher quantity of photoprotecting/antioxidant chemicals especially salazinic acid. Thus, the present study shows the prominent role of secondary metabolite in wider ecological distribution of Parmelioid lichens at higher altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Shukla
- Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
| | - D K Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Manoj Semwal
- ICT Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Lucknow, India
| | - D K Upreti
- Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Diversity Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
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20
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Panchal S, Asati A, Satyanarayana GNV, Raghav A, Ahmad J, Patel DK. Ionic liquid based microextraction of targeted lipids from serum using UPLC-MS/MS with a chemometric approach: a pilot study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquid based vortex assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction method followed by using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry have been used for the determination of fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Panchal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-IITR Campus
- Lucknow
- India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Ankita Asati
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-IITR Campus
- Lucknow
- India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
| | - G. N. V. Satyanarayana
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Regulatory Toxicology Group
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow-226001
- India
| | - Alok Raghav
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Faculty of Medicine
- J. N. Medical College
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Faculty of Medicine
- J. N. Medical College
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
| | - Devendra K. Patel
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-IITR Campus
- Lucknow
- India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Prasad SK, Hemalatha S. Pedalium murex Linn (Pedaliaceae) fruits: a comparative antioxidant activity of its different fractions. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:395-400. [PMID: 23569800 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of different solvent fractions of Pedalium murex (P. murex) Linn fruits (Family: Pedaliaceae) as well as the correlation between the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. METHODS In the present study, the antioxidant activities of P. murex were evaluated using six in-vitro assays, namely total antioxidant assay, DPPH assay, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and deoxyribose scavenging assays, and total phenol contents were also investigated. RESULTS The ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was found to have high levels of phenolic content (298.72±2.09 mg GAE/g). The EA fraction exhibit higher total antioxidant capacity, higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity (135.11±2.95µg/mL), nitric oxide (200.57±4.51µg/mL), hydrogen peroxide (217.91±6.12 µg/mL), deoxyribose (250.01±4.68µg/mL) and higher reducing power. Correlation coefficient (r(2) =0.914) was found to be significant between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results indicate that the EA fractions are rich in phenolic antioxidants with potent free radical scavenging activity implying their importance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Patel
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Canada
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn) F. Muell in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:316-22. [PMID: 23569783 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus in different models. METHODS The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and normoglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus (AHE) were evaluated at a dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o. while hypoglycemic activity and effect on body weight were tested at 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o. per day for 21 days in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Further, glucose uptake by hemidiaphram was also evaluated. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid were determined and their correlation with various antioxidant assays was also determined. RESULTS The results showed high level of phenolic content in AHE. AHE also exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity, good reducing power and a significant scavenger of reactive oxygen species like DPPH radical, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and deoxyribose. Furthermore there was a significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level on treatment with the AHE. AHE increased glucose uptake on isolated rat hemi-diaphragm compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS AHE reduce blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic model. It does not show significant effect in normoglycemic study but showes significant effect in OGT. AHE has significant antioxidant activity, which may be attributed to high phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Patel
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Pant N, Kumar G, Upadhyay AD, Patel DK, Gupta YK, Chaturvedi PK. Reproductive toxicity of lead, cadmium, and phthalate exposure in men. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:11066-11074. [PMID: 24816463 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants viz lead or cadmium and phthalate esters (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], dibutyl phthalate [DBP], and diethyl phthalate [DEP]) widely found in different environmental strata are linked to deteriorating male reproductive health. The objective was to assess the relationships between the seminal lead, cadmium, and phthalate (DEHP, DBP, DEP) concentrations at environmental level and serum hormone levels and semen quality in non-occupationally exposed men and specify the effect of individual and combined exposure of toxicants on semen quality. A study of 60 male partners of couples attending the Andrology Laboratory of the Reproductive Biology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India for semen analysis to assess their inability to achieve a pregnancy was selected for the study. The results of univariate and stepwise multiple regression analysis in the unadjusted model showed a significant correlation between lead or cadmium and phthalates DEHP/DBP/DEP and sperm motility, sperm concentration, and DNA damage. After adjusting for potential confounders, an association with lead or DEHP was only observed. The present data shows that lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) or phthalates might independently contribute to decline in semen quality and induce DNA damage. Phthalates might influence reproductive hormone testosterone. These findings are significant in light of the fact that men are exposed to a volley of chemicals; however, due to the small sample size, our finding needs to be confirmed in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Pant
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India,
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Koay CL, Patel DK, Tajunisah I, Subrayan V, Lansingh VC. A comparative analysis of avoidable causes of childhood blindness in Malaysia with low income, middle income and high income countries. Int Ophthalmol 2014; 35:201-7. [PMID: 24652461 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine the avoidable causes of childhood blindness in Malaysia and to compare this to other middle income countries, low income countries and high income countries. Data were obtained from a school of the blind study by Patel et al. and analysed for avoidable causes of childhood blindness. Six other studies with previously published data on childhood blindness in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Indonesia, China and the United Kingdom were reviewed for avoidable causes. Comparisons of data and limitations of the studies are described. Prevalence of avoidable causes of childhood blindness in Malaysia is 50.5 % of all the cases of childhood blindness, whilst in the poor income countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Indonesia, the prevalence was in excess of 60 %. China had a low prevalence, but this is largely due to the fact that most schools were urban, and thus did not represent the situation of the country. High income countries had the lowest prevalence of avoidable childhood blindness. In middle income countries, such as Malaysia, cataract and retinopathy of prematurity are the main causes of avoidable childhood blindness. Low income countries continue to struggle with infections such as measles and nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin A, both of which are the main contributors to childhood blindness. In high income countries, such as the United Kingdom, these problems are almost non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Koay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell: a concise report on its phytopharmacological aspects. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:199-206. [PMID: 23725830 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell belonging to the family Violaceae, popularly known as Ratanpurus (Hindi) is a herb or a shrub distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Ayurvedic literature, the plant is reported to cure conditions of "Kapha" and "Pitta", urinary calculi, strangury, painful dysentery, vomiting, burning sensation, wandering of the mind, urethral discharge, blood trouble, asthma, epilepsy, cough, and to give tone to the breasts. Phytochemically, the plant contains a considerable amount of dipeptide alkaloids, aurantiamide acetate, isoarborinol, and β-sitosterol, sugars, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, phenols, flavones, catachins, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids. Pharmacologically, the plant is reported to possess antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, nephroprotective, aphrodisiac, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, aldose reductase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities. The information provided in this review will be worthwhile to know the applicability of H. enneaspermus for the treatment of various acute or chronic diseases with a diverse nature of phytoconstituents. The overall data in this review article were collected from various scientific sources on the research of H. enneaspermus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Patel
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Patel DK, Purohit P, Dehury S, Das P, Dutta A, Meher S, Patel S, Bag S, Mashon RS, Das K. Fetal hemoglobin and alpha thalassemia modulate the phenotypic expression of HbSD-Punjab. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:444-50. [PMID: 24245819 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HbSD-Punjab (HbSD) is a less common form of sickle cell disease (SCD) and discrimination between HbSD and HbSS is not possible on alkaline electrophoresis because the two variants overlap in the compound heterozygous state. There are only a few publications consisting mostly of case reports. Thus, the phenotypic expression of HbSD and its modifiers has not been studied. METHODS We studied the phenotypic expression of 42 cases of HbSD (the largest number of subjects ever included in this kind of study) and compared them with 84 HbSS cases matched for age, sex, and caste. Further, we evaluated the influence of HbF concentration and alpha thalassemia on the phenotypic expressions of HbSD, namely the frequency of VOC and degree of hemolysis. RESULTS The frequencies of VOC were similar in both the groups. The markers of hemolysis such as total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and LDH were higher where as HbF concentration was significantly low in HbSD. There was a negative correlation between HbF concentration and risk of VOC in the HbSD. The total hemoglobin level and hematocrit were significantly high, and the MCV and MCH were significantly low in HbSD with alpha thalassemia. Alpha thalassemia had no influence on the frequency of VOC and severity of hemolysis in HbSD. CONCLUSION HbF reduced the frequency of VOC but had no influence on the hemolytic markers in HbSD. HbSD with alpha thalassemia was associated with hypohromic and microcytic features of red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Patel
- Department of Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India; Sickle Cell Clinic & Molecular Biology Laboratory and Project, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India; Odisha Sickle Cell Project, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
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Gurbani D, Bharti SK, Kumar A, Pandey AK, Ana GR, Verma A, Khan AH, Patel DK, Mudiam M, Jain SK, Roy R, Dhawan A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their quinones modulate the metabolic profile and induce DNA damage in human alveolar and bronchiolar cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:553-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Purohit P, Mashon RS, Patel S, Dehury S, Pattanayak C, Das K, Nair S, Italia K, Bag S, Colah R, Patel DK. Clinical and molecular characterization of Hb Hofu in eastern India. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:71-6. [PMID: 23889802 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hb Hofu (HBB:c. 380T>A) is a rare inherited hemoglobin abnormality with few case reports in the world literature. METHODS Screening for the sickle cell gene mutation and other hemoglobinopathies was carried out using the sickle slide test, Hb electrophoresis, and HPLC under an ongoing central government project. RESULTS We detected twelve Hb Hofu heterozygotes and three sickle Hb Hofu compound heterozygotes. The heterozygotes were asymptomatic except for one individual who had chronic kidney disease and moderate anemia. Only one HbS-Hofu case was symptomatic and presented with intermittent attacks of painful crisis. In the carrier state, the Hb Hofu eluted as a hump at the beginning of the HbA(0) window. But in HbS-Hofu cases, Hb Hofu eluted as a single peak in the HbA(0) window, with the HbA(2) levels being >4% consistently. CONCLUSION HbS-Hofu has a variable clinical presentation. The retention time of Hb Hofu on HPLC is very close to that of HbA(0) and often elutes in the A0 window. Thus, there is every possibility of the HbS-Hofu chromatogram to be misinterpreted as that of a sickle cell trait/transfused sickle cell-beta-thalassemia case. This is the first time where Hb Hofu has been detected by HPLC, which is the widely accepted screening technique for hemoglobinopathies around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Purohit
- Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - R S Mashon
- Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.,Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha
| | - S Dehury
- Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - C Pattanayak
- Odisha Sickle cell Project, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - K Das
- Odisha Sickle cell Project, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - S Nair
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology(ICMR), KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Italia
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology(ICMR), KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Bag
- Department of Medicine, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - R Colah
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology(ICMR), KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - D K Patel
- Odisha Sickle cell Project, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.,Department of Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
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Kapoor U, Srivastava MK, Srivastava AK, Patel DK, Garg V, Srivastava LP. Analysis of imidacloprid residues in fruits, vegetables, cereals, fruit juices, and baby foods, and daily intake estimation in and around Lucknow, India. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013; 32:723-727. [PMID: 23258764 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A total of 250 samples-including fruits, fruit juices, and baby foods (50 samples each), vegetables (70 samples), and cereals (30 samples)-were collected from Lucknow, India, and analyzed for the presence of imidacloprid residues. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method of extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis were carried out, and imidacloprid residues were qualitatively confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Imidacloprid was not detected in samples of fruit juices and baby foods. It was, however, detected in 38 samples of fruits, vegetables, and cereals, which is about 15.20% of the total samples. Of samples of fruits, 22% showed the presence of imidacloprid, and 2% of samples showed residues above the maximal residue limit. Although imidacloprid was detected in 24% of vegetable samples, only 5.71% showed the presence of imidacloprid above the maximal residue limit. However, 33% of cereal samples showed the presence of imidacloprid, and about 3% of samples were above the maximal residue limit. The calculated estimated daily intake ranged between 0.004 and 0.131 µg/kg body weight, and the hazard indices ranged from 0.007 to 0.218 for these food commodities. It is therefore indicated that lifetime consumption of vegetables, fruits, fruit juices, baby foods, wheat, rice, and pulses may not pose a health hazard for the population of Lucknow because the hazard indices for imidacloprid residues were below one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Kapoor
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Pandey P, Patel DK, Khan AH, Barman SC, Murthy RC, Kisku GC. Temporal distribution of fine particulates (PM₂.₅:PM₁₀), potentially toxic metals, PAHs and Metal-bound carcinogenic risk in the population of Lucknow City, India. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2013; 48:730-45. [PMID: 23445416 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.744613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous fine particulates can readily be bound to toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and are considered to be a great threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of air pollution risks to public health by determining four crucial parameters- inhalable particulates, metals in particulates and PAHs which are associated with PM₁₀ in the air environment of Lucknow, India during 2007-09. The values of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ ranged between 102.3-240.5 and 28.0-196.9 μg/m³ whilst the average PM₁₀ was 1.7 times and PM was 1.5 times higher than their respective NAAQS of 100 and 60 μg/m³ respectively. The estimated relative death rate and hospital admissions for each increase in the PM₁₀ levels of 10 μg/m³ ranged from 1.5-8% and from 3.9-8.0% (as per APHEA2 1990) respectively in persons > 65 yrs. Among the locations; AQ, AQ and AQ (with diversified activities and heavy traffic) recorded higher concentrations of both the particulate fractions than the AQ (residential area with low traffic). The average concentrations of Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd in PM₁₀ were 219.4, 40.6, 35.1, 27.3, 22.2 and 16.2 ng/m³ and that in PM₂.₅ were 54.3, 33.9, 38.5, 29.4, 8.4, and 1.17 ng/m³ respectively Regression analysis revealed that correlation of metals with PM₂.₅ was stronger than PM. The ratio of metals adsorbed on surface of particles (PM₂.₅:PM₁₀) reveals that PM₂.₅ has more affinity for Ni, Cu and Pb and PM₁₀ for Cd, Fe and Cr. Health risk due to carcinogenic metals bound to respirable particulates was predicted by estimating excess cancer risk (ECR). The highest ECR value was estimated for Cr, 266.70 × 10⁻⁶, which was associated with PM10 and 100.92 × 10⁻⁶ which was associated with PM₂.₅, whereas lead has the lowest ECR value. Amongst PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene (51.96 ± 19.71 ng/m) was maximum in PM₁₀ samples. Maximum concentrations of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, metals and PAHs were detected during winter, and the lowest was during monsoon. The higher prevalence of diseases among the population may be due to high concentration of particulates coated with toxic metals and PAHs present in air environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pandey
- Environmental Monitoring Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shukla V, Upreti DK, Patel DK. Physiological attributes of lichen, Phaeophyscia hispidula in heavy metal rich sites of Dehra Dun, India. J Environ Biol 2012; 33:1051-1055. [PMID: 23741800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Moberg, foliose lichen is widespread in Garhwal Himalayas and grows luxuriantly on different substratum in polluted as well as non polluted sites, where no other macrolichens are able to colonize. The elemental concentration and biochemical parameters in P. hispidula collected from Dehra Dun city were analyzed to assess its tolerance to heavy metals. The major source of pollution in the city is automobiles. Among the biochemical parameters protein was significantly and negatively correlated with pigment concentrations (r = -0.3838 (Chl.b); -0.5809 (Carotenoid); -0.5034 (OD)) however it is significantly positively correlated with Cd (r = 0.6822: P < 0.01). Among heavy metals, Cd was negatively correlated with Cu (r = -0.4639), Fe (r = -0.2676), and Zn (r = -0.0549). It was observed that the chlorophyll and protein content increased parallel to the level of metallic pollutants indicating the mechanism of stress tolerance in P. hispidula. The study shows that P. hispidula is tolerant to inorganic pollution and a useful tool for biomonitoring of air quality in the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Shukla
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 025, India
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Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is classically defined as a platelet count of less than 150 000/µl. Counts from 100 000 to 150 000/µl are considered mildly depressed, 50 000 to 100 000/µl moderately depressed, and less than 50 000/µl severely depressed. Thrombocytopenia occurs in about 10% of pregnant women. Gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) is a diagnosis of exclusion and considered the most prevalent cause of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. GT accounts for almost 75% of cases of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. The cause of GT is unclear, although existing studies denote the possibility of accelerated platelet consumption and the increased plasma volume during pregnancy. The presence of antiplatelet antibodies is not specific to GT. The degree of thrombocytopenia in GT is usually mild to moderate, usually remaining greater than 70 000/µl. Patients are asymptomatic with no evidence of bleeding and rarely preconception history of thrombocytopenia. The platelet count returns to normal within 2-12 weeks post partum. We wish to report a unique case of GT presenting as blurred vision due to retinal hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Y Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Patel DK, Patel K, Kumar R, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V. Pharmacological and analytical aspects of bergenin: a concise report. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Kumar M, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Evaluation of in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory potential of different fraction of Hybanthus enneaspermus Linn F. Muell. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2:134-9. [PMID: 23569883 PMCID: PMC3609265 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the aldose reductase inhibitory (ARI) activity of different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus for potential use in diabetic cataract. METHODS Total phenol and flavonoid content of different fractions was determined. ARI activity of different fractions in rat lens was investigated in vitro. RESULTS The results showed significant level of phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate fraction [total phenol (212.15±0.79 mg/g), total flavonoid (39.11±2.27 mg/g)] and aqueous fraction [total phenol (140.62±0.57 mg/g), total flavonoid (26.07±1.49 mg/g)] as compared with the chloroform fraction [total phenol (68.56±0.51 mg/g), total flavonoid (13.41±0.82 mg/g)] and petrolium ether fraction [total phenol (36.68±0.43 mg/g), total flavonoid (11.55±1.06 mg/g)]. There was a significant difference in the ARI activity of each fraction, and it was found to be the highest in ethyl acetate fraction [IC50 (49.26±1.76 µg/mL)] followed by aqueous extract [IC50 (70.83±2.82 µg/mL)] and it was least in the petroleum ether fraction [IC50 (118.89±0.71 µg/mL)]. Chloroform fraction showed moderate activity [IC50 (98.52±1.80 µg/mL)]. CONCLUSIONS Different fractions showed significanct amount of ARI activity, where in ethyl acetate fraction it was found to be maximum which may be due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content. The extract after further evaluation may be used in the treatment of diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S Hemalatha
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Prasad SK, Kumar R, Patel DK, Sahu AN, Hemalatha S. Physicochemical standardization and evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kumar R, Patel DK, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic root extract of Caesalpinia digyna in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Aphrodisiac activity of ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn fruit. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Patel DK, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Aldose reductase inhibitory principles from the whole plant of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn) F. Muell. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Upreti DK, Patel DK. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Massal.: a bioaccumulator of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kanpur City, India. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:229-238. [PMID: 21465135 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of using Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Massal., a crustose lichen as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioaccumulator for evaluation of atmospheric pollution in tropical areas of India, where few species of lichens are able to grow. PAHs were identified, quantified and compared to evaluate the potential utility of R. sophodes. The limit of detection for different PAHs was found to be 0.008-0.050 μg g( - 1). The total PAHs in different sites were ranged between 0.189 ± 0.029 and 0.494 ± 0.105 μg g( - 1). The major sources of PAHs were combustion of organic materials, traffic and vehicular exhaust (diesel and gasoline engine). Significantly higher concentration of acenaphthylene and phenanthrene indicates road traffic as major source of PAH pollution in the city. Two-way ANOVA also confirms that all PAHs content showed significant differences between all sampling sites (P 1%). This study establishes the utility of R. sophodes in monitoring the PAHs accumulation potentiality for development of effective tool and explores the most potential traits resistant to the hazardous environmental conditions in the tropical regions of north India, where no such other effective way of biomonitoring is known so far.
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Aldose reductase inhibitory activity of alcoholic extract of Pedalium murex Linn fruit. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Kumari R, Chaturvedi P, Ansari NG, Murthy RC, Patel DK. Optimization and validation of an extraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in chocolate candies. J Food Sci 2011; 77:T34-40. [PMID: 22133078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chocolate is a key ingredient in many foods such as milk shakes, candies, bars, cookies, and cereals. Chocolate candies are often consumed by mankind of all age groups. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in chocolate candies may result in health risk to people. A rapid, precise, and economic extraction method was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in chocolate candy by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) as a confirmatory technique. The method was optimized by using different solvents for liquid-liquid extraction, varying volume of de-emulsifying agent, and quantity of silica gel used for purification. The HPLC separation of 16 PAHs was carried out by C-18 column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile : water (70 : 30) in isocratic mode with runtime of 20 min. Limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), and correlation coefficients were found in the range of 0.3 to 4 ng g⁻¹, 0.9 to 12 ng g⁻¹, and 0.9109 to 0.9952, respectively. The exploration of 25 local chocolate candy samples for the presence of PAHs showed the mean content of benzo[a]pyrene as 1.62 ng g⁻¹, which representing the need to evaluate effective measures to prevent more severe PAHs contamination in chocolate candies in future. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Chocolate is one of the most favorite food items among people, especially children. Chocolate candies are often consumed by mankind of all age groups. Chocolate candies are often consumed by children in large quantities. The presence PAHs in chocolate candies may result in health risk to people. In the present study, a precise and cost effective rapid method was employed for the determination of PAHs, which can be employed for daily routine analysis of PAHs in chocolate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupender Kumari
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lal K, Mani U, Pandey R, Singh N, Singh AK, Patel DK, Singh MP, Murthy RC. Multiple approaches to evaluate the toxicity of the biomass fuel cow dung (kanda) smoke. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2011; 74:2126-2132. [PMID: 21719104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cow dung (Kanda) is a major source of energy in rural and urban population of developing countries and is burnt in traditional open stoves in confined space of kitchen without proper ventilation. In epidemiological studies, biomass fuel smoke has been reported to be responsible for several respiratory disorders in exposed population. In a laboratory experiment, female wistar rats were exposed to kanda smoke for 60 min/day over a period of 12 weeks. Chemical analysis of smoke showed the presence of PAHs. The increase in CYP1A1, GST-ya, GST-yc expression was found in 12 week exposed lung tissues as compared with controls. The exposure to smoke resulted in significant alteration in the BALF cells in the form of clustering of alveolar macrophages and giant cell formation with vacuolated cytoplasm. The macrophages also showed thickness and villi like projections on the cell surface thus reducing their phagocytic activities. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were manifested in the form of damage to bronchiolar epithelium, edema and thickening of alveolar septa and emphysema after 4 and 8 week of exposure. These findings suggest that exposure to kanda smoke increases pulmonary tissue damage and may result in various forms of respiratory infections in the exposed popultion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Lal
- Inhalation Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Prasad SK, Hemalatha S. Pharmacologically screened aphrodisiac plant-A review of current scientific literature. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Suresh R, Shally A, Mahdi AA, Patel DK, Singh VK, Rita M. Assessment of association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with bronchial asthma and oxidative stress in children: A case control study. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2011; 13:33-7. [PMID: 20165611 PMCID: PMC2822167 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.50722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) originate from the incomplete combustion of organic matter and ambient air pollution by these is increasing. There is also an increase in the global prevalence of asthma, for which environmental pollution has been recognized as one of the important factors. Exposure to pollutants and other allergens induces chronic airway inflammation by generation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess association, if any, between exposure to PAH and asthma as well as oxidative stress in children. Method: In this hospital-based case control study, cases of bronchial asthma aged 1–14 years and healthy matched controls were included. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing the levels of enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: Forty-two cases and 20 controls were enrolled. Mean blood level of phenanthrene, a PAH, was 63.11 ppb ± 115.62 and 4.20 ppb ± 10.68 ppb in cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.02). Mean blood levels of GSH was significantly lower in cases and controls (27.39 μg/ml ± 11.09 versus 47.39 g/ml ± 13.83; P-value = 0.001). Likewise, mean blood level of MDA in nanomole/ml was significantly higher in asthma as compared with controls (12.85 ± 5.40 versus 8.19 ± 5.16; P-value = 0.002), suggestive of increased oxidative stress. Conclusions: Because elevated blood level of phenanthrene is associated with bronchial asthma as well as with oxidative stress, measures to reduce exposure to PAH may possibly lead to reduced incidence and severity of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Suresh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow - 226 003, UP, India
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Abstract
AIM To determine the causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI) in schools for the blind in Malaysia. METHODS All children ≤ 15 years attending 24 schools for the blind throughout the country were examined using the WHO Prevention of Blindness Programme (WHO/PBL) eye examination record for children, and visual loss was classified according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD). RESULTS In all, 469 children were examined, of whom 448 (95.6%) had BL/SVI. The major causes of visual loss were retinal disorders (n=148, 33%; mainly retinopathy of prematurity (n=78, 17.4%)), cataract/pseudophakia/aphakia (n=77, 17.2%), and anomalies affecting the whole globe. (n=86, 19.2%). The major underlying etiology was undetermined (n = 193, 43.1%), followed by hereditary factors, 21.7% (mainly retinal dystrophies), and perinatal factors, 20.5%. More than 34 (7.6%) cases were considered potentially preventable and 192 (42.9%) potentially treatable. CONCLUSION Diseases of the retina are the major cause of visual impairment, with retinopathy of prematurity being an important avoidable cause. This reflects expansion of neonatal services in Malaysia, and improved survival of very low birth weight and preterm babies. Lens-related causes of visual impairment reflect the need to further improve pediatric ophthalmology services in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Singh VK, Anand M, Rawtani D, Singh UP, Patel DK, Mehrotra PK, Mathur N, Siddiqui MKJ. Blood levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A case-control study. Asian J Med Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As part of our program to investigate the possible role of environmental pollutants in the incidence of breast cancer in India, we conducted for the first time a hospital based case-control study where blood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in women suffering from benign and malignant breast lesions, and compared with those of disease free controls drawn from similar socioeconomic environment residing in and around New Delhi, India. Material & Methods: Anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (k) fluoranthene and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene were determined by HPLC-FD. Results: Level of total PAHs in control, benign and malignant groups (30 numbers in each) were 142.05 ± 50.84, 185.99 ± 61.97 and 200.74 ± 55.05 μg / L respectively. Mean levels of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo (k) fluoranthene were higher in both malignant and benign groups than in control but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the total PAHs, 3–ringed compounds were found much higher (89%) in controls than in benign (52%) and malignant groups (54%). However, the percentage sum of 2, 4 and 5-ringed PAHs were much higher in malignant (46%) and benign (48%) groups when compared with those of controls (11%). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that higher levels of PAHs (especially non-carcinogenic), though statistically non-significant, were present in cases with benign and malignant breast lesions than in those of controls. Key Words: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Breast cancer; Benign lesions; HPLC-FD DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 80-86
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Abstract
CONTEXT Withania coagulans Dunal. (Solanaceae) has been shown to possess hypoglycemic, free radical scavenging and wound healing activity. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to study the effect of Withania coagulans in diabetic wound healing. OBJECTIVE This study included determination of rate of wound contraction and estimation of various biochemical parameters such as collagen, hexosamine, total protein, total DNA, SOD and CAT levels in the granulation tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydroalcoholic fraction of the methanolic extract (standardized by withaferin-A using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) )of Withania coagulans in the form of 10% w/w ointment topically and at a dose of 500 mg/kg per oral (p.o.) was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The results obtained were compared with diabetic control and Aloe barbadensis Miller (syn. Aloe vera L.) (Liliaceae) was used as a reference drug. RESULTS The amount of withaferin-A present in the methanolic extract was 3.67 mg/g of the extract. The hydroalcoholic fraction in both the forms, i.e., topical (10% w/w ointment) and oral (500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant increase in the rate of wound contraction (83.02% topical and 65.14% oral) topical and 93.18% oral) when compared to diabetic control (66 which was further justified with significant increase in the levels of collagen, protein, DNA, SOD, CAT, and decreased level of hexosamine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The hydroalcoholic fraction of Withania coagulans in oral form is found to be more effective than the topical form. However, further studies are in progress to find the lead molecules responsible for the wound healing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Singh MP, Singh VK, Patel DK, Tandon PK, Gaur JS, Behari JR, Yadav S. Face mask application as a tool to diminish the particulate matter mediated heavy metal exposure among citizens of Lucknow, India. Sci Total Environ 2010; 408:5723-5728. [PMID: 20855105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Traffic related fine particulate emissions, enriched in metal contents, are directly linked to respiratory disorders in human subjects. In view of the growing traffic related emissions in India, the present study was undertaken to estimate the heavy metal exposure among non-occupationally exposed two vehicle riders of Lucknow City and related health effects via application of face masks (FMs) fitted with cellulose nitrate filters and measuring the peak respiratory flow rate (PEFR). Carefully selected 200 volunteers (asymptomatic n=154 and symptomatic n=46) were advised to use FMs during their deriving time for 30 days and PEFR test was conducted on each subject at the beginning, i.e. 0 day, and at end of the study period, i.e. 30 days. On completion of the prescribed study period, filters from the used FMs were collected, acid leached and analyzed for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd. Asymptomatic and symptomatic subject groups were further divided into two age groups of 15-40 years and 41-68. Pb, Cu and Cd were significantly higher in lower age group (15-40) of symptomatic group and Cr was in asymptomatic group. Negative associations were observed between metals viz. Pb (r=-0.39, p<0.001), Cd (r=-0.26, p<0.001), Fe (r=-0.37, p<0.001), Mn (r=-0.15, p<0.05) and the lung functioning. 30 days PEFR of all subjects were higher by nearly 10% than 0 day in all 200 samples irrespective of age and symptomatic nature of the subject. The improvement could also be due to metals and other organic species, not analyzed herein. Nevertheless the results indicate that FM usage has a role to play for immediate, if not ultimate, improvement in public health and need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Singh
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India
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Srivastava A, Sharma VP, Tripathi R, Kumar R, Patel DK, Mathur PK. Occurrence of phthalic acid esters in Gomti River Sediment, India. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 169:397-406. [PMID: 19888666 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are well-known ubiquitous environmental pollutants and used as plasticizers for the manufacturing of plastic products. During this exploratory study, an attempt has been made to determine the concentration and distribution of five prominent PAEs, viz. di-methyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-octyl phthalate (DOP) in the sediment samples of Gomti River collected from 30 different locations. Identification and quantification of PAEs were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean concentration values of DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP were found as 10.54, 4.57, 10.41, 31.61, and 5.16 microg/kg, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for each PAE were also calculated and found in the ranges of 0.09-0.55 and 0.28-1.67 microg/kg. DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE (present in 93.3% samples); however, DOP was found only in 36.7% samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226 001, India
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Yadav VK, Prasad S, Patel DK, Khan AH, Tripathi M, Shukla Y. Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in unleaded petrol and diesel exhaust emission. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 168:173-178. [PMID: 19629732 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of emissions from petrol and diesel exhaust particulates is associated with potentially severe biological effects. In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified from smokes released by the automobile exhaust from petrol and diesel. Intensive sampling of unleaded petrol and diesel exhaust were done by using 800-cm(3) motor car and 3,455-cm(3) vehicle, respectively. The particulate phase of exhaust was collected on Whatman filter paper. Particulate matters were extracted from filter paper by using Soxhlet. PAHs were identified from particulate matter by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using C(18) column. A total of 14 PAHs were identified in petrol and 13 in case of diesel sample after comparing to standard samples for PAH estimation. These inhalable PAHs released from diesel and petrol exhaust are known to possess mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, which may present a potential risk for the health of inhabitants.
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