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Mohapatra SK, Chaudhary D, Panda BSK, Kamboj A, Kapila R, Dang AK. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 mediated alterations in the functionality of immune cells, deciphers the pregnancy outcomes in crossbred dairy cows. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103972. [PMID: 37302363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy establishment in bovines requires maternal immune cell modulation. Present study investigated possible role of immunosuppressive indolamine-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme in the alteration of neutrophil (NEUT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) functionality of crossbred cows. Blood was collected from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) cows, followed by isolation of NEUT and PBMCs. Plasma pro-inflammatory (IFNγ and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were estimated by ELISA and analysis of IDO1 gene in NEUT and PBMCs by RT-qPCR. Neutrophil functionality was assessed by chemotaxis, measuring activity of myeloperoxidase and β-D glucuronidase enzyme and evaluating nitric oxide production. Changes in PBMCs functionality was determined by transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1) genes. Significantly elevated (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory cytokines, increased IDO1 expression, reduced NEUT velocity, MPO activity and NO production observed only in P cows. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and TNFα genes were observed in PBMCs. Study highlights possible role of IDO1 in modulating the immune cell and cytokine activity during early pregnancy and may be targeted as early pregnancy biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Aarti Kamboj
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
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Gautam S, Joshi C, Sharma AK, Singh KP, Gurav A, Sankar M, Ramakrishnan MA, Chaudhary D, Chauhan RS, Dhama K, Dhanavelu M. Virus distribution and early pathogenesis of highly pathogenic peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in experimentally infected goats. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105232. [PMID: 34627939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite causing one of the most dreaded diseases of small ruminants, relatively little is known about the pathogenic events, antigen distribution and the cells responsible for the uptake and transmission of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) during primitive stages of infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed at deciphering the sequential tissue tropism, pathological events and putative role of M2c macrophages during incubatory, prodromal and invasive stages of PPRV infection. METHODOLOGY A total of 10 goats were sequentially sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days post-infection (dpi, n = 2 per time-point) following intranasal inoculation with a highly virulent strain of PPRV (lineage IV PPRV/Izatnagar/94). Histological evaluation to assess PPRV mediated pathologies, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to decipher sequential virus distribution, and dual immunolabelling to determine the role of M2c macrophage in early PPRV uptake and transmission was performed. RESULTS PPRV/Izatnagar/94 caused major pathologies in the lung tissues. Unprecedentedly, PPRV nucleic acid and antigens were detected in various tissues as early as one dpi. RT-qPCR revealed PPRV in the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, tongue and lymph nodes draining these tissues from 1 dpi. IHC affirms cells residing in the lamina propria and submucosa of the respiratory tract and tongue and peribronchiolar areas of lungs as the primary target of PPRV. Following initial replication in the respiratory tract, PPRV is transmitted to the regional lymph nodes where primary viral amplification occurs. After viraemia and secondary replication in generalized lymphoid tissues, PPRV infects and replicates in the epithelial cells. Further, we localized CD163+ M2c macrophages in the goat tissues, but dual IHC elucidated that M2c macrophages do not facilitate uptake and transmission of PPRV during the early stages of infection. CONCLUSION Our study substantiates the disease establishment process and pathogenesis of PPRV/Izatnagar/94 during the incubatory and prodromal stages of infection. Further, we have also observed M2c macrophage distribution in the goat tissues and demonstrated that they do not pick and transmit PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gautam
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India.
| | - Chitra Joshi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Almora, U.K., 263601, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Karam P Singh
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Amol Gurav
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India
| | - Muthu Sankar
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India
| | | | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital, U.K., 263138, India
| | - Ramswaroop S Chauhan
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, U.S. Nagar, U.K., 263145, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India
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Khan A, Singh R, Sharma S, Singh V, Sheoran A, Soni A, Dhull V, Gill PS, Yadav A, Chaudhary D, Gupta MC, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis by immuno-PCR assay based on mycobacterial antigen 85 complex detection. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:17-26. [PMID: 34592012 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) exhibits serious challenges owing to paucibacillary nature of specimens and localization of disease at sites that are difficult to access. We recently developed indirect immuno-PCR (I-PCR) and real-time I-PCR (RT-I-PCR) assays for the detection of mycobacterial antigen 85 complex (Ag85) in OATB patients. Detection limits for the purified Ag85 protein were found to be 1 and 41 fg ml-1 by I-PCR and RT-I-PCR, respectively, which were at least 105 -fold lower than respective ELISA. While spiking synovial fluids of non-TB control subjects with the purified Ag85 protein, LODs of 100 and 120 fg ml-1 were obtained by I-PCR and RT-I-PCR, respectively, thus demonstrating the sample matrix effect. Sensitivities of 87·5 and 70·5% were observed in bodily fluids of confirmed (n = 8) and clinically suspected (n = 51) OATB cases, respectively, by I-PCR, with a specificity of 93·9% (n = 33). Markedly, the sensitivities obtained by I-PCR/RT-I-PCR were significantly higher (P < 0·05-0·01) than ELISA and GeneXpert assay (n = 30). However, no substantial difference in sensitivity was observed between the I-PCR and RT-I-PCR assays. After further improving the accuracy of I-PCR, this test may lead to development of an attractive diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, UHS, Rohtak, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - A Soni
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Sonepat, India
| | - V Dhull
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, MDU, Rohtak, India
| | - P S Gill
- Department of Microbiology, UHS, Rohtak, India
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, UHS, Rohtak, India
| | - D Chaudhary
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UHS, Rohtak, India
| | - M C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, UHS, Rohtak, India
| | - P K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, India
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Hendrix P, Chaudhary D, Avula V, Abedi V, Zand R, Noto A, Melamed I, Goren O, Schirmer CM, Griessenauer CJ. Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Early (<6-hour) and Extended (≥6-hour) Time Window Based Solely on Noncontrast CT and CT Angiography: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1979-1985. [PMID: 34556475 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current stroke care recommendations for patient selection for mechanical thrombectomy in the extended time window demand advanced imaging to determine the stroke core volume and hypoperfusion mismatch, which may not be available at every center. We aimed to determine outcomes in patients selected for mechanical thrombectomy solely on the basis of noncontrast CT and CTA in the early (<6-hour) and extended (≥6-hour) time windows. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive mechanical thrombectomies performed for acute large-vessel occlusion ischemic (ICA, M1, M2) stroke between February 2016 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Eligibility was based solely on demographics and noncontrast CT (ASPECTS) and CTA, due to the limited availability of perfusion imaging during the study period. Propensity score matching was performed to compare outcomes between time windows. RESULTS Of 417 mechanical thrombectomies performed, 337 met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 205 (60.8%) and 132 (39.2%) patients in the 0- to 6- and 6- to 24-hour time windows, respectively. The ASPECTS was higher in the early time window (9; interquartile range = 8-10) than the extended time window (9; interquartile range = 7-10; P = .005). Propensity score matching yielded 112 well-matched pairs. Equal rates of TICI 2b/3 revascularization and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were observed. A favorable functional outcome (mRS 0-2) at 90 days was numerically more frequent in the early window (45.5% versus 33.9%, P = .091). Mortality was numerically more frequent in the early window (25.9% versus 17.0%, P = .096). CONCLUSIONS Patients selected for mechanical thrombectomy in the extended time window solely on the basis of noncontrast CT and CTA still achieved decent rates of favorable 90-day functional outcomes, not statistically different from patients in the early time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hendrix
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.H., I.M., O.G., C.M.S., C.J.G.).,Department of Neurosurgery (P.H.), Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - D Chaudhary
- Department of Neurology (D.C., R.Z., A.N.), Geisinger Neuroscience Institute
| | - V Avula
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics (V. Avula, V. Abedi), Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - V Abedi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics (V. Avula, V. Abedi), Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania.,Biocomplexity Institute (V. Abedi), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - R Zand
- Department of Neurology (D.C., R.Z., A.N.), Geisinger Neuroscience Institute
| | - A Noto
- Department of Neurology (D.C., R.Z., A.N.), Geisinger Neuroscience Institute
| | - I Melamed
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.H., I.M., O.G., C.M.S., C.J.G.)
| | - O Goren
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.H., I.M., O.G., C.M.S., C.J.G.)
| | - C M Schirmer
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.H., I.M., O.G., C.M.S., C.J.G.).,Research Institute of Neurointervention (C.M.S., C.J.G.)
| | - C J Griessenauer
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (P.H., I.M., O.G., C.M.S., C.J.G.) .,Research Institute of Neurointervention (C.M.S., C.J.G.).,Department of Neurosurgery (C.J.G.), Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Jindal A, Talwar D, Dhar R, Singh N, Singh V, Krishnaswamy UM, Chetambath R, Nath A, Bhattacharya P, Chaudhary D, Gupta PR, Gupta ML, Koul P, Swarankar R, Kant S, Ghoshal A. COPD exacerbation rates are higher in non-smoker patients in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:1272-1278. [PMID: 33317671 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common among non-smokers exposed to solid fuel combustion at home. Different clinical characteristics in these patients may have significant therapeutic and prognostic implications.METHODS: We used medical record review and a questionnaire among COPD patients at 15 centres across India to capture data on demographic details, different types of exposures and clinical characteristics. Chest radiography and pulmonary function testing were performed in all 1984 cases; C-reactive protein and exhaled breath nitric oxide were measured wherever available.RESULTS: There were 1388 current or ex-smokers and 596 (30.0%) non-smokers who included 259 (43.5%) male and 337 (56.5%) female patients. Sputum production was significantly more common in smokers with COPD (P < 0.05). The frequency of acute symptomatic worsening, emergency visits and hospitalisation were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in non-smokers with COPD; however, intensive care unit admissions were similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference with respect to the use of bronchodilators, inhalational steroids or home nebulisation among smoker and non-smoker patients. The mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec in smokers (43.1%) was significantly lower than in non-smokers (46.5%).CONCLUSION: Non-smoker COPD, more commonly observed in women exposed to biomass fuels, was characterised by higher rate of exacerbations and higher healthcare resource utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A N Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh
| | | | - D Talwar
- Metro Centre for Respiratory Diseases, Metro Hospitals, Noida
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Nath
- Pulmonary Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
| | | | - D Chaudhary
- Pt BDS Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak
| | - P R Gupta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NIMS University, Jaipur
| | - M L Gupta
- Santokba Dabhji Memorial Hospital, Jaipur
| | - P Koul
- Shere Kashmir Medical RI, Srinagar
| | - R Swarankar
- Getwell Hospital & Research Institute, Nagpur
| | - S Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow
| | - A Ghoshal
- National Asthma & Allergy Centre, Kolkata, India
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- H Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - D Chaudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - D P Dhibar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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Khandelwal S, Goel P, Chaudhary D, Sancheti S, Goel A, Dora T, Sharma R. 30P Male breast cancer: A rural based peripheral cancer center experience. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Panda BSK, Mohapatra SK, Chaudhary D, Alhussien MN, Kapila R, Dang AK. Proteomics and transcriptomics study reveals the utility of ISGs as novel molecules for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 140:103148. [PMID: 32447181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An early and precise diagnosis of pregnancy in cows is critical to short the calving interval and to improve their reproductive efficiency. Neutrophils are the first blood cells to sensitize the embryo in the uterus and participate in maternal recognition of pregnancy after getting induced by interferon tau (IFNτ). To study the protein abundance ratio, blood samples were collected on 0th, 10th, 18th and 36th day post-artificial insemination (AI) from crossbred Karan Fries cows. Neutrophils were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and studied for protein abundance by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Protein abundance ratios for Myxovirus resistance (MX1 and MX2) were found to be higher (P < 0.05) on day 10 and day 18 post-AI, whereas Oligoadenylate synthetase-1 (OAS1) and Interferon stimulated gene-15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15) proteins were more abundant on day 18 post-AI. The relative mRNA expressions of these molecules were also studied by qPCR. The gene expression of ISG15, MX1, MX2 and OAS1 was found to be higher (P < 0.05) on day 10th, 18th and 36th post-AI compared to day 0. The study indicates that ISGs on blood neutrophils are essential for the establishment of pregnancy and may be targeted as potential biomarkers for pregnancy diagnosis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | | | - Rajeev Kapila
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
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Yadav AK, Chaudhary D, Bhadouriya S, Chandrasekar S, Dhanesh VV, Rajak KK, Singh RP, Ramakrishnan MA, Singh RK, Muthuchelvan D. Expression and characterization of the non-structural protein V of small ruminant morbillivirus. Virusdisease 2019; 30:465-468. [PMID: 31803815 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste-des-petits ruminants is a transboundary viral disease of small ruminants caused by small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV). In the present study, the full-length V gene of SRMV was constructed through site-directed mutagenesis from the P gene transcripts of the vaccine virus (Sungri/96 India) and expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. In animals, the seroconversion against this protein occurs from 14-days and is getting produced from 48 h in cell culture. An indirect ELISA developed using this protein has a relative sensitivity and relative specificity of 77.73% and 73.775%, respectively as compared to c-ELISA. In this ELISA, it was observed that most of the convalescent animals elicited higher level of antibodies than vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yadav
- 1ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- 1ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Sakshi Bhadouriya
- 1ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - S Chandrasekar
- 1ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - V V Dhanesh
- 1ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Kaushal K Rajak
- 2ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
| | - R P Singh
- 2ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
| | - M A Ramakrishnan
- 1ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - R K Singh
- 2ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
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Wani SA, Sahu AR, Khan RIN, Pandey A, Saxena S, Hosamani N, Malla WA, Chaudhary D, Kanchan S, Sah V, Rajak KK, Muthuchelvan D, Mishra B, Tiwari AK, Sahoo AP, Sajjanar B, Singh YP, Gandham RK, Mishra BP, Singh RK. Contrasting Gene Expression Profiles of Monocytes and Lymphocytes From Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants Virus Infected Goats. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1463. [PMID: 31333643 PMCID: PMC6624447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, transcriptome analysis of PPRV infected PBMC subsets-T helper cells, T cytotoxic cells, monocytes, and B lymphocytes was done to delineate their role in host response. PPRV was found to infect lymphocytes and not monocytes. The established receptor for PPRV-SLAM was found downregulated in lymphocytes and non-differentially expressed in monocytes. A profound deviation in the global gene expression profile with a large number of unique upregulated genes (851) and downregulated genes (605) was observed in monocytes in comparison to lymphocytes. ISGs-ISG15, Mx1, Mx2, RSAD2, IFIT3, and IFIT5 that play a role in antiviral response and the genes for viral sensors-MDA5, LGP2, and RIG1, were found to be upregulated in lymphocytes and downregulated in monocytes. The transcription factors-IRF-7 and STAT-1 that regulate expression of most of the ISGs were found activated in lymphocytes and not in monocytes. Interferon signaling pathway and RIG1 like receptor signaling pathway were found activated in lymphocytes and not in monocytes. This contrast in gene expression profiles and signaling pathways indicated the predominant role of lymphocytes in generating the antiviral response against PPRV in goats, thus, giving us new insights into host response to PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,Genomics and Computational Biology, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Neelima Hosamani
- Genomics and Computational Biology, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, India
| | - Sonam Kanchan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Vaishali Sah
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Aditya P Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- ARIS Cell, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,Genomics and Computational Biology, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
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Hota A, Biswal S, Sahoo N, Rout M, Chaudhary D, Pandey A, Muthuchelvan D. Seroprevalence of PPR among Sheep and Goats of Different Agroclimatic Zones of Odisha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5455/ijlr.20171028023420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Maan S, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Dalal A, Chaudhary D, Gupta TK, Bansal N, Kumar V, Batra K, Sindhu N, Kumar A, Mahajan NK, Maan NS, Mertens PPC. Concurrent infection of Bluetongue and Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in small ruminants in Haryana State of India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:235-239. [PMID: 28116836 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) and peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) are major transboundary diseases of small ruminant, which are endemic in India. Testing of bluetongue virus (BTV) and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) from recent outbreaks (2015-2016) in different regions of Haryana State of India revealed that 27.5% of the samples showed the presence of dual infection of BTV and PPRV. Analysis of Seg-2 of BTV (the serotype-determining protein) showed the presence of BTV-12w in several isolates. However, analysis of N gene fragment amplicons showed that viruses belong to lineage IV were most closely related to a pathogenic strain of PPRV from Delhi. This is the first report of co-circulation of PPRV lineage IV and bluetongue virus serotype 12 in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - A Dalal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - D Chaudhary
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - T K Gupta
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N Bansal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - K Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N Sindhu
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- TVCC Regional Centre, Uchani (Karnal), College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N S Maan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Resource faculty, Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - P P C Mertens
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
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Kumar R, Rajak KK, Chandra T, Muthuchelvan D, Saxena A, Chaudhary D, Kumar A, Pandey AB. Sequence-based comparative study of classical swine fever virus genogroup 2.2 isolate with pestivirus reference strains. Vet World 2016; 8:1059-62. [PMID: 27047198 PMCID: PMC4774772 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1059-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken with the aim to compare and establish the genetic relatedness between classical swine fever virus (CSFV) genogroup 2.2 isolate and pestivirus reference strains. Materials and Methods: The available complete genome sequences of CSFV/IND/UK/LAL-290 strain and other pestivirus reference strains were retrieved from GenBank. The complete genome sequence, complete open reading frame, 5’ and 3’ non-coding region (NCR) sequences were analyzed and compared with reference pestiviruses strains. Clustal W model in MegAlign program of Lasergene 6.0 software was used for analysis of genetic heterogeneity. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using MEGA 6.06 software package. Results: The complete genome sequence alignment of CSFV/IND/UK/LAL-290 isolate and reference pestivirus strains showed 58.9-72% identities at the nucleotide level and 50.3-76.9% at amino acid level. Sequence homology of 5’ and 3’ NCRs was found to be 64.1-82.3% and 22.9-71.4%, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, overall tree topology was found similar irrespective of sequences used in this study; however, whole genome phylogeny of pestivirus formed two main clusters, which further distinguished into the monophyletic clade of each pestivirus species. CSFV/IND/UK/LAL-290 isolate placed with the CSFV Eystrup strain in the same clade with close proximity to border disease virus and Aydin strains. Conclusion: CSFV/IND/UK/LAL-290 exhibited the analogous genomic organization to those of all reference pestivirus strains. Based on sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate showed close homology to Aydin/04-TR virus and distantly related to Bungowannah virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arpit Saxena
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Awadh Bihari Pandey
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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Raut SD, Rajak KK, Kumar R, Singh VK, Saxena A, Chaudhary D, Muthuchelvan D, Pandey AB. Characterization of cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever virus isolate induced by Newcastle disease virus. Virusdisease 2015; 26:70-6. [PMID: 26436124 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), the causative agent of classical swine fever, belongs to the family Flaviviridae and genus Pestivirus. Some pestiviruses exhibit cytopathic effect in cell culture but exact phenomenon is unknown. Over expression of NS2-3 gene, presence of defective interfering particle and exaltation of Newcastle disease virus (END) phenomenon could be the reasons of cytopathogenicity. In the present study, a CSFV isolate exhibiting cytopathic effect (CPE) in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line was characterized. To characterize cytopathogenicity of such isolate, END test was carried out. Interference of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in MDCK adapted CSFV was confirmed by RT-PCR and virus neutralization test. Absence of CPE and NDV specific nucleic acid after neutralization confirmed the induction of CPE by NDV. Further, identity of the CSFV isolate in MDCK cell line by immunoperoxidase test, immunoblotting and RT-PCR post NDV neutralization established the virus replication without CPE (non-cytopathic isolate). Findings suggest that, there could be a chance of mixed infection of both CSFV and NDV in the piglet from which the sample was collected for virus isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Raut
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
| | - K K Rajak
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
| | - R Kumar
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
| | - V K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - A Saxena
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
| | - D Chaudhary
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
| | - A B Pandey
- Classical Swine Fever Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138 Uttarakhand India
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Baral HS, Ram AK, Chaudhary B, Chaudhary D, Timsina A, Acharya S, Bidari K, Acharya S, Acharya B, Thulung P, Karki A, Acharya KP. Survey of Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis bengalensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Gruiformes: Otididae) in the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and adjoining areas, Nepal. J Threat Taxa 2013. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3240.4076-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ghafur A, Mathai D, Muruganathan A, Jayalal JA, Kant R, Chaudhary D, Prabhash K, Abraham OC, Gopalakrishnan R, Ramasubramanian V, Shah SN, Pardeshi R, Huilgol A, Kapil A, Gill JPS, Singh S, Rissam HS, Todi S, Hegde BM, Parikh P. The Chennai declaration: A roadmap to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Cancer 2013; 50:71-3. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Choudhari M, Jha N, Yadav DK, Chaudhary D. Factors associated with patient delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a district. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2012; 10:234-238. [PMID: 23281458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis one of the major public health problems that is affecting large number of people each year including Nepal. METHODS A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Sunsari district of Nepal. The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients from 14 DOTS centers in the District were interviewed. Face to face interview by using structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis and patients under Category II were excluded from the study.Data entry and analysis was carried out in SPSS version 16. Pearson Chi square test was used to test the association between outcome variable with different categorical independent variables. RESULTS Out of the total 215 patients, 91 (65.6%) were male, 109 (50.7%) were from rural residence, 69 (32.1%) were illiterate, 147 (68.4%) were married and 141 (66%) were sputum positive. The overall median patient delay was 42 days. About 145 (67.4%) of the patients had delayed their first consultation for more than 30 days. The patient delays were 56 out of 68 (82.4%) in age above 50 years patients, 121 out of 161 (75.2%) in married patients, 37 out of 45 (82.2%) in Kirats, 55 out of 69 (72.7%) in illiterates and 95 out of 124 (76.6%) in those who travel the distance of 2 or more km from the place of residence to health facility. CONCLUSIONS Since the time duration before the treatment and diagnosis in TB patients is long, this study emphasizes the need of awareness about symptoms of tuberculosis among general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Choudhari
- Koshi Science and Health Campus, Biratnagar, Nepal.
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Baral HS, Ram AK, Chaudhary B, Basnet S, Chaudhary H, Giri TR, Chaudhary D. Conservation status of Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis bengalensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Gruiformes: Otididae) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and adjoining areas, eastern Nepal. J Threat Taxa 2012. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o2948.2464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rajender G, Bhatia MS, Kanwal K, Malhotra S, Singh TB, Chaudhary D. Study of neurocognitive endophenotypes in drug-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011; 124:152-61. [PMID: 21675963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating heritable neuropsychiatric condition. Attempts to delineate genetic contributions in OCD have met with limited success, with an ongoing search for neurocognitive endophenotypes. In this study, an attempt has been made to study and compare the neurocognitive functioning of patients with OCD, their first-degree relatives (FDRs) and healthy controls. METHOD A cross-sectional design study was carried out with thirty dyads of patients with OCD, their FDRs and thirty matched healthy controls and screened using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Verbal Adult Intelligence Scale, Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, International Personality Disorder Examination (Anankastic personality scale).Tests of National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Neuropsychological Battery were used to assess domains of attention, verbal memory, visual memory, set-shifting, response inhibition, planning and visuoconstructive abilities. spss version 14.0 was used for descriptive and analytical data analysis. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between patients with OCD and their FDRs on neurocognitive domains of delayed verbal recall, set-shifting, response inhibition and visuoconstructive abilities (P > 0.05) which were impaired compared with healthy controls. Significant differences (P < 0.05) on domains of attention, planning time and visual memory were noted between FDRs and patients. CONCLUSION The present study supports set-shifting and inhibitory control and proposes visuoconstructive abilities and delayed verbal recall as potential endophenotypes for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajender
- Department of Psychiatry, M.G. Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India.
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Ruhal AS, Chaudhary D, Yadav DK. Personality traits of basketball players of different universities of Rajasthan. Br J Sports Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of complete ponticulus posticus in Indian orthodontic patients. METHODS The presence and types of ponticuli posticus were investigated on 858 lateral cephalograms. RESULTS Complete ponticulus posticus was found in 4.3% of the subjects studied with a male (5.33%) predominance over female in the population (3.76%). CONCLUSIONS Ponticulus posticus is not a rare anomaly and the patient must be told of the implications and importance of detecting ponticulus posticus on a lateral cephalogram. This information can prove beneficial for the diagnosis of head and neck symptoms later.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Department of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411040, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine QE2 Health Sciences Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S.N. Finkle
- Dalhousie University Department of Nephrology QE2 Health Sciences Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Khanna S, Chaudhary D, Kumar P, Mazumdar S. Occult celiac disease presenting as splenic vein thrombosis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2008; 27:38-9. [PMID: 18541941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Khanna S, Chaudhary D. Unusual cause of abdominal pain. Colon impaction with pebbles--geophagia. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:46-7. [PMID: 19568498 PMCID: PMC2702879 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.37810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Khanna
- Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Diseases, New Delhi, India,Address: Dr. Sudeep Khanna, Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal diseases, Shiekh Sarai-II, New Delhi - 110 017, India. E-mail:
| | - D. Chaudhary
- Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Diseases, New Delhi, India
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Saikia N, Talukdar R, Singal DK, Chaudhary D, Bhullar SS, Tandon RK. Hepatic calcification following dengue virus-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Indian J Gastroenterol 2007; 26:90-2. [PMID: 17558076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic calcification can be seen with various infectious and neoplastic conditions. We report a 32-year- old man who developed massive calcification in the right lobe of liver following recovery from dengue virus-associated fulminant liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saikia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute, New Delhi 110 017, India
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Banthia P, Koirala B, Rauniyar A, Chaudhary D, Kharel T, Khadka SB. An epidemiological study of road traffic accident cases attending emergency department of teaching hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2006; 45:238-43. [PMID: 17189968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that road traffic injuries are a major cause of death and disability globally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries. The growth in numbers of motor vehicles is a major contributing factor in the rising toll of fatalities and injuries from road traffic crashes in poor countries. In this study, we reviewed medical records of all the victims of road traffic accidents attending the emergency department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital within a year. A total of 757 road traffic victims were reported which accounted for 6.66% of all the cases attending the emergency. 49.93% cases belonged to 21-40 years age group. The most common victim group comprised the pedestrians (56.54%) with motorcycle (55.09%) being the most commonly involved vehicle. 44.65% accidents occurred in evening (12-6 pm). The lower limbs (in 42.0% cases) were the most common body region injured with superficial injuries (bruise/abrasion) accounting for the most common injury pattern followed by soft tissue injuries, incised/lacerated wounds and fractures and dislocations. Most accidents occurred in the April-June trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Banthia
- KMC Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Bhattarai N, Rauniyar A, Chaudhary D, Jaiswal S, Banthia P, Rana BBS. Patterns of organophosphorous poisoning attending a teaching hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2006; 45:228-32. [PMID: 17189966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this was to study the pattern of patients of organophosphorous (OP) poisoning attending Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH). This is a retrospective study of OP poisoning from hospital records were analyzed meticulously and data extracted. Data collected were: patient's demographics, motive for poisoning, type of OP poison, arrival time, time since ingestion, patient's vitals, predisposing factors, serum cholinesterase levels, treatment given, duration of hospital stay and mortality. A total of 47 patients of OP poisoning attended KMCTH from Aug 2003 to July 2005. 22(46.8%) cases were male and 25(53.2%) were female. The maximum number of patients were between the age of 20-40 (33-70.2%). Married patients outnumbered the unmarried (35/74.5% vs 12/25.5%). The most common motive for poisoning was suicidal, 41 cases (87.2%). Metacid (methyl-parathion) was the most commonly used OP compounds in 32 (68%) patients. Interpersonal marital relationship seemed to be the commonest predisposing factor, 23 cases (48.9%). The commonest time of presentation was between 6 pm-12 midnight. 7(57.4%) cases presented within 2 hours of ingestion of the poison. Serum cholinesterase level measured after full atropinisation was >50% of normal level in 17 cases (36.2%). 10 cases (21.3%) required respiratory support. Intermediate syndrome (IMS) was observed in 3 cases. Overall mortality occurred in 3 cases (6.4%). This study highlights the problem of OP poisoning in our region. Establishment of strict policies against the sale and availability of insecticides and pesticides which are freely available in the market is an effective way to control OP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhattarai
- Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Singh SB, Chaudhary D, Neopane A, Karki DB. Two cases of severe falciparum malaria in KMCTH. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2006; 4:86-88. [PMID: 18603876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of man. It is the protozoan infection of RBCs transmitted by bite of blood feeding female anopheline mosquito. Until the 19th century malaria was found throughout Europe, North America and Russia. Since then, it has been eradicated from these areas but in tropics though initial efforts of eradication had been successful, there has been resurgence of disease accompanied by increasing resistance of the anopheline vector to insecticide and of the parasite to antimalarial drugs. We report two cases of falciparum malaria in which there was co-existent vivax malarial infection. These two cases were both exposed to highly endemic zone for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Singh
- Department of Medicine Department, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Nepal
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Mathura KC, Chaudhary D, Simkhada R, Pradhan M, Shrestha P, Gurubacharya DL. Study of clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in culture positive typhoid fever cases. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2005; 3:376-9. [PMID: 16449839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive typhoid fever. METHOD The study was conducted over a period of 1 year. Total of 46 culture positive cases of Typhoid fever were included in the study. The sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture was recorded. The modes of presentation, clinical course, lab investigation reports were also recorded. RESULTS Out of 46 cases, 33 (71.7%) were males and 13 (28.3%) were females. Average age of presentation was 26.17 years. Fever was present in all patients. Resistance of S .typhi to amoxycillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole were significantly high. Ciprofloxacin showed resistance in 2 (4.3%) cases. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone was 100% in our study. CONCLUSION Typhoid fever is one of the most common health problem in Nepal. Various drugs are being used in the treatment of typhoid fever, in the mean time resistance to many of them are emerging. An appropriate antibiotic has to be initiated only after culture sensitivity in typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Mathura
- Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.
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Abstract
The study presented here was performed to evaluate the need for aspiration in patients with amebic liver abscess (ALA). Patients older than 12 years with a diagnosis of ALA based on clinical features, ultrasound results, and positive amebic serology were included in the study (n=144). Serological testing was performed to detect the presence of immunoglobin G antibody against Entamoeba histolytica, and a value of more than 0.4 optical density units was considered positive. All patients were given intravenous metronidazole (500 mg every 8 h) and their clinical progress and need for abscess aspiration was documented. Fever, pain in the upper abdomen, and tender hepatomegaly was seen in 133 (92.3%), 128 (88.8%), and 144 (100%) patients, respectively. Multiple abscesses were seen in 40 (27.7%) patients. Six (4.1%) patients died. Seventy-one (49.3%) patients responded to metronidazole alone. A total of 73 (50.69%) patients required aspiration of the abscess. This study shows that almost 50% of the patients with amebic liver abscess failed to respond to metronidazole and required aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khanna
- Department of Gastroeneterology and Hepatology, Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Diseases, Press Enclave Road, Shiekh Sarai-II, New Delhi 110017, India.
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Chaudhary D, Monga P, Joshi D, Easwaran R, Bhatia N, Singh AK. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft: experience of the first 100 cases. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2005; 13:147-52. [PMID: 16131676 DOI: 10.1177/230949900501300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the results of patients who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) via a single incision technique using a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. METHODS Patients with ACL-deficient knees who were symptomatic and wanted to maintain an active lifestyle or continue sporting activities were included. ACL reconstruction using the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was performed on 100 patients. One-year follow-up was completed in 78 patients who were then reviewed. The mean age of patients reviewed was 26.8 years (range, 21-39 years), of whom 35 (44.9%) were aged between 26 and 30 years. There were 73 men and 5 women (ratio, 14.6:1). Injuries on the right side outnumbered those on the left (44 versus 34). Sports injuries accounted for 66.7% (n = 52) of patients, motor vehicle accidents and household injuries accounted for 30.8% (n = 24) and 2.6% (n = 2), respectively. RESULTS Excellent and good-to-excellent results were achieved in 7 (9%) and 61 (78.2%) of patients. Residual anterior knee pain (n = 18) was the most common complication, followed by difficulty in regaining full range of motion (n = 10) and divergence of femoral screw (n = 9). CONCLUSION This procedure provides consistent and reproducible results in carefully selected patients and allows them an early return to sporting activities with minimal residual morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Arthroscopy and Sports Injury Clinic, Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Kashyap S, Chaudhary D. Prevalence of tobacco use among school going youth in North Indian States. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2005; 47:161-6. [PMID: 16022142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use, which is the cause of several respiratory diseases, generally starts in the teens. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is an international initiative to investigate the tobacco use in school going youth of 13 to 15 years of age. This report describes the GYTS findings in the North Indian region. METHODS A two-stage cluster sample was used with selection of schools on probability proportional to enrollment size followed by systematic equal probability sampling with a random start of classes from each school. The 85-item questionnaire included 'core GYTS' and other additional questions. Data analysis was performed using EpiInfo 3.2 software and the results accounted for the complex sampling design and weighting factors in the data set. RESULTS The sample consisted of 9319 students out of the total eligible population of 30488 from 100 schools. The prevalence of ever-use of tobacco varied between 2.9 to 8.5% in boys and 1.5 to 9.8% in girls. The prevalence was highest in Chandigarh and lowest in Punjab. Between 16 to 46% of students were exposed to the habit of tobacco among parents or friends. There were 10 to 34% students who were passively exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. CONCLUSION Tobacco use is present in up to 10 percent of school going youth in the region. A majority of them had desired to quit. Tobacco control and cessation programmes therefore, remain important health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jindal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Rai BR, Chaudhary D, Thapa P, Joshi MR, Dangol UMS, Singh DR, Sharma SK. Ancient cystic pelvic schwannoma presenting as a right iliac fossa mass. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2005; 3:285-288. [PMID: 18650594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Schwannoma is rare in pelvis. Ancient schwannoma is rarer histological subtype of schwannoma. We report a very rare case of pelvic schwannoma presenting with right sciatica and right iliac fossa pain. Clinical and imaging findings were suggestive of Peritoneal Hydatid cyst. The tumour was resected completely with marked clinical improvement. Histopathological examination showed Ancient cystic schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Rai
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Nepal.
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Chaudhary D, Rajkarnikar R, Joshi MR, Thapa P, Singh DR, Sharma SK. Omental torsion: a case report. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2005; 3:170-2. [PMID: 16415615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Omental torsion is a rare cause of acute abdomen. Most often it presents with sign and symptoms of acute appendicitis. It is seldom considered in the differential diagnosis preoperatively based on clinical findings and the diagnosis is only established during surgery. We present a case of omental torsion in a middle aged male patient who presented with findings suggestive of appendicular perforation and underwent emergency laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.
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Chaudhary D, Magar A, Thapa P, Singh DR, Sharma SK. Intra abdominal abscess presenting as a thigh abscess. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2004; 2:369-71. [PMID: 16388254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary thigh abscesses are rare, and their cause is often obscure. We report a case of an elderly diabetic who presented with thigh abscess secondary to tuberculous sacroilitis. Key words: Secondary thigh abscess, retroperitoneal abscess, tuberculous sacroilitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Vikram NK, Misra A, Pandey RM, Dudeja V, Sinha S, Ramadevi J, Kumar A, Chaudhary D. Anthropometry and body composition in northern Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes: receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of body mass index with percentage body fat as standard. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2003; 16:32-40. [PMID: 12848303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the anthropometric profile and appropriate cut off of body mass index (BMI) to define obesity in Asian Indians with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Three hundred and eighty T2DM patients (213 males and 167 females) in northern India were subjected to anthropometric and body fat analysis (derived from skinfold thickness). The latter was considered as "standard" for defining obesity. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn for males and females to determine the appropriate limits of BMI to define obesity. RESULTS Mean values of percentage of body fat (%BF) were 40.2 +/- 6.2% and 29.4 +/- 7.1% in females and males, respectively. Of particular note, substantial percentage of patients had high values of waist-hip ratio (W-HR) [males > 0.95 (53.9%), and females > 0.80 (88.6%)] indicating significant abdominal obesity, and high % BF [males > 25 % BF (73.2%), females > 30% BF (92.2%)] indicating generalized obesity as well. Significantly higher prevalence of obesity was observed in both males (p < 0.001) and females (p < 0.001) when estimated by %BF (males > 25%, females > 30%), as compared to BMI (> 25 kg/m2 in both males and females). ROC curve analysis showed that with %BF taken as the 'standard' for determining obesity, sensitivity and specificity of BMI of > 25 kg/m2 were low. For BMI > 22 kg/m2 in males and > 23 kg/m2 in females, sensitivity increased and there was decrease in overall misclassification. CONCLUSIONS The data of current study suggest strikingly high prevalence of abdominal obesity, and generalized obesity as determined by %BF in T2DM patients, and that cut offs for defining obesity by BMI are lower than the suggested limit of 25 kg/m2. Revised definition of obesity using lower cut off of BMI, or based on %BF in northern Asian Indian T2DM patients will lead to a more rational application of dietary restriction, lifestyle measures, and use of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sharma CP, Chaudhary D, Behera D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with active untreated systemic lupus erythematosus. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2001; 43:169-71. [PMID: 11529437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonias due to Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) commonly occur in immunocompromised hosts. Although a treatable infection, it is associated with high mortality. A case of PCP presenting in an untreated case of systemic lupus erythematosus is reported, in view of the rarity of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Sharma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Latchman Y, Wood CR, Chernova T, Chaudhary D, Borde M, Chernova I, Iwai Y, Long AJ, Brown JA, Nunes R, Greenfield EA, Bourque K, Boussiotis VA, Carter LL, Carreno BM, Malenkovich N, Nishimura H, Okazaki T, Honjo T, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:261-8. [PMID: 11224527 DOI: 10.1038/85330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2102] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death I (PD-I)-deficient mice develop a variety of autoimmune-like diseases, which suggests that this immunoinhibitory receptor plays an important role in tolerance. We identify here PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) as a second ligand for PD-1 and compare the function and expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L2 dramatically inhibits T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated proliferation and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. At low antigen concentrations, PD-L2-PD-1 interactions inhibit strong B7-CD28 signals. In contrast, at high antigen concentrations, PD-L2-PD-1 interactions reduce cytokine production but do not inhibit T cell proliferation. PD-L-PD-1 interactions lead to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 but do not increase cell death. In addition, ligation of PD-1 + TCR leads to rapid phosphorylation of SHP-2, as compared to TCR ligation alone. PD-L expression was up-regulated on antigen-presenting cells by interferon gamma treatment and was also present on some normal tissues and tumor cell lines. Taken together, these studies show overlapping functions of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and indicate a key role for the PD-L-PD-1 pathway in regulatingT cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Latchman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Misra A, Arora N, Mondal S, Pandey RM, Jailkhani B, Peshin S, Chaudhary D, Saluja T, Singh P, Chandna S, Luthra K, Vikram NK. Relation between plasma leptin and anthropometric and metabolic covariates in lean and obese diabetic and hyperlipidaemic Asian Northern Indian subjects. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2001; 14:18-26. [PMID: 11345162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of plasma leptin to obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia in Asian Northern Indian subjects, considered to have a predisposition to abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. A total of 72 subjects, subcategorised into lean and obese healthy subjects, lean and obese Type 2 diabetic and lean and obese non-diabetic hyperlipidaemic subjects were recruited. High leptin values were observed in all obese groups, and obese diabetic patients showed the highest levels. In lean and obese diabetic subjects, plasma leptin did not show any correlation to any index of glycaemia. When all lean and all obese subjects were analysed in two separate groups, body mass index (BMI), percent total body fat, and body density significantly correlated with the plasma leptin levels (p<0.05). Leptin values, when correlated to all variables in all patients taken together, showed the greatest magnitude of correlation with BMI (r=0.64), percent total body fat (r=0.67), and waist circumference (r=0.51). Strong inverse correlation was seen with body density (r=-0.67). Levels of serum insulin did not show any correlation with leptin levels in all subjects combined, and separately in various groups. Multiple linear regression analysis performed in obese, non-diabetic and normolipidaemic subjects, all Type 2 diabetic and all non-diabetic hyperlipidaemic subjects separately showed that percent total body fat is the only significant predictor of plasma leptin concentration in all the 3 groups. The present study suggests that plasma leptin has a strong positive correlation with percent total body fat in Asian Northern Indian subjects. Among other components of metabolic syndrome, only abdominal obesity is weakly correlated to serum leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misra
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Sarkar R, Misra A, Saxena R, Pandey RM, Chaudhary D. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity in normoglycemic hypertriglyceridemic north Asian Indian subjects: a preliminary case-control study. Indian Heart J 2001; 53:61-5. [PMID: 11456143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that increased activity of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, an important component of the insulin resistance syndrome, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this case-control study, relationships between plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, serum triglyceride levels and hyperinsulinemia were explored in 40 non-diabetic patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia (Group 1) and 40 non-diabetic normotriglyceridemic controls (Group 2) matched for potential confounders like smoking and physical activity. Mean values of fasting serum insulin levels were increased in Group 1 (p>0.05). Hyperinsulinemia was observed in 14 (17.5%) individuals in Group 1 and 11 (13.8%) individuals in Group 2. Mean plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-I activity in Group 1 (9.8+/-8.4 IU) was higher than in Group 2 (7.0+/-7.7 IU), though the difference was not significant (p>0.05). However, when only subjects with elevated levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity were taken into account, mean values were significantly higher in Group 1 (p<0.05). The plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity was higher in subjects with body mass index >25 in both the groups, significantly so in males (p=0.05). Hyperinsulinemic subjects with a body mass index >25 and raised serum triglyceride levels had higher mean values of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (18.42+/-11.15 IU) than subjects with similar characteristics and normal triglyceride levels (14.22+/-8.20 IU, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Though in the current study a trend for hyperinsulinemia and high plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity was observed in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, a larger study is needed to achieve significant differences and correlations. Obese male subjects, irrespective of their lipid profile, are at risk for thrombotic events in view of their significantly higher plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 values. Procoagulant tendency is further enhanced if hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia are added on to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Chaudhary D, Verma GR, Gupta R, Bose SM, Ganguly NK. Comparative evaluation of the inflammatory mediators in patients undergoing laparoscopic versus conventional cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 1999; 69:369-72. [PMID: 10353554 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.1999.01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury induces systemic inflammatory response. The degree of response is proportionate to the trauma. METHODS Patients with ultrasound-proven gall stones posted for operation were randomized into two groups. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in one group while the other group underwent conventional cholecystectomy. Peripheral venous blood samples for inflammatory mediators, namely tumour necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, oxygen release from monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes were drawn 1 day before surgery and repeated on the first and third days after surgery. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen was also measured in both groups. Only patients who met selection criteria and had uncomplicated postoperative courses were included in the study. There was a total of 40 patients for the final analysis, 20 in each group. RESULTS There was no significant difference (P > 0.1) in age, sex or body mass index in both groups of patients. The level of all of the inflammatory mediators was elevated on the first postoperative day; however, the elevation was significantly less following laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to conventional cholecystectomy (P < 0.01). Although the values came down on the third postoperative day, they remained above the respective controls. Postoperative hypoxaemia was significantly more in patients of conventional than laparoscopic cholecystectomy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Trauma-induced inflammatory response is significantly less following laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to conventional cholecystectomy. It appears to be related to degree of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Chaudhary D, O'Rourke K, Chinnaiyan AM, Dixit VM. The death inhibitory molecules CED-9 and CED-4L use a common mechanism to inhibit the CED-3 death protease. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:17708-12. [PMID: 9651369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic machinery of Caenorhabditis elegans includes three core interacting components: CED-3, CED-4, and CED-9. CED-3 is a death protease composed of a prodomain and a protease domain. CED-4 is a P-loop-containing, nucleotide-binding molecule that complexes with the single polypeptide zymogen form of CED-3, promoting its activation by autoprocessing. CED-9 blocks death by complexing with CED-4 and suppressing its ability to promote CED-3 activation. A naturally occurring alternatively spliced form of CED-4 that contains an insertion within the nucleotide-binding region (CED-4L) functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of CED-3 processing and attenuates cell death. Domain mapping studies revealed that distinct regions within CED-4 bind to the CED-3 prodomain and protease domain. Importantly, the CED-4 P-loop was involved in prodomain binding. Disruption of P-loop geometry because of mutation of a critical lysine (K165R) or insertional inactivation (CED-4L) abolished prodomain binding. Regardless, K165R and CED-4L still retained CED-3 binding through the protease domain but were unable to initiate CED-3 processing. Therefore, the P-loop-prodomain interaction is critical for triggering CED-4-mediated CED-3 processing. Underscoring the importance of this interaction was the finding that CED-9 contacted the P-loop and selectively inhibited its interaction with the CED-3 prodomain. These results provide a simple mechanism for how CED-9 functions to block CED-4-mediated CED-3 processing and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Robinson K, Gupta A, Dennis V, Arheart K, Chaudhary D, Green R, Vigo P, Mayer EL, Selhub J, Kutner M, Jacobsen DW. Hyperhomocysteinemia confers an independent increased risk of atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease and is closely linked to plasma folate and pyridoxine concentrations. Circulation 1996; 94:2743-8. [PMID: 8941098 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.94.11.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high level of total plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is an important cause of death in renal failure. We evaluated the role of this as a risk factor for vascular complications of end-stage renal disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Total fasting plasma homocysteine and other risk factors were documented in 176 dialysis patients (97 men, 79 women; mean age, 56.3 +/- 14.8 years). Folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were also determined. The prevalence of high total homocysteine values was determined by comparison with a normal reference population, and the risk of associated vascular complications was estimated by multiple logistic regression. Total homocysteine concentration was higher in patients than in the normal population (26.6 +/- 1.5 versus 10.1 +/- 1.7 mumol/L; P < .01). Abnormally high concentrations (> 95th percentile for control subjects, 16.3 mumol/L) were seen in 149 patients (85%) with end-stage renal disease (P < .001). Patients with a homocysteine concentration in the upper two quintiles (> 27.8 mumol/L) had an independent odds ratio of 2.9 (CI, 1.4 to 5.8; P = .007) of vascular complications. B vitamin levels were lower in patients with vascular complications than in those without. Vitamin B6 deficiency was more frequent in patients than in the normal reference population (18% versus 2%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS A high total plasma homocysteine concentration is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic complications of end-stage renal disease. Such patients may benefit from higher doses of B vitamins than those currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
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Abstract
A two-year-old male child presented with bizarre hypopigmented skin lesions, severe mental retardation and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Examination showed hypopigmented patterned whorls and irregular patches over the trunk and linear streaks over the flexor aspects of upper and lower limbs. He also had generalized hypertonia and brisk tendon reflexes. Other systems were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
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Abstract
We report a case of the Wildervanck (cervico-oculo-acoustic) syndrome exhibiting Klippel-Feil anomaly, congenital sensorineural deafness and bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Associated anomalies included short stature, microcephaly, mental retardation, and cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
A rare case of splenic abscess occurring after blunt abdominal trauma in a previously healthy boy is reported. The diagnosis was made by ultrasonography. The patient recovered after splenectomy and drainage of subphrenic and intraperitoneal pus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
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Kumar A, Chaudhary D, Agarwal KN, Bhargava V. Chronic gastric volvulus--an unusual complication of poliomyelitis. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:502-4. [PMID: 8635822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
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Abstract
The c-myc promoter binding protein (MBP-1) is a DNA binding protein which negatively regulates the expression of the human c-myc gene. MBP-1 binds to a sequence which overlaps the binding site for the general transcription factor TBP, within the c-myc P2 promoter region. Since TBP binds in the minor groove, MBP-1 might inhibit c-myc transcription by preventing the formation of a functional preinitiation complex. In support of this hypothesis, we have demonstrated that MPB-1 is a minor groove binding protein. In order to characterize MBP-1 binding, we substituted A-T base pairs in the MBP-1 binding site with I-C base pairs, which changes the major groove surface without altering the minor groove surface. This substitution did not inhibit the sequence-specific binding of MBP-1 and TBP. On the other hand, G-C to I-C substitution within the MBP-1 binding site alters the minor groove and prevents MBP-1 binding. Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to show that berenil, distamycin, and mithramycin, all of which bind in the minor groove, compete with MBP-1 for binding to the MPB-1 binding site. These minor groove binding ligands also effectively inhibit the simultaneous DNA binding activity of both MBP-1 and TBP. We conclude that both MBP-1 and TBP can bind simultaneously in the minor groove of the TATA motif on the c-myc P2 promoter. This suggests that MBP-1 may negatively regulate c-myc gene expression by preventing efficient transcription initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-3300
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