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Appel J, Golenbock D, Heitmann D, Müller-Wildenauer B, Sterneberg N, Xie M. Simulation and Data Analytics on Multiple Scales for Sustainable Production and Supply. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Appel
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH Competence Center Data Science Industrieparkstr. 1 84508 Burgkirchen Germany
| | - D. Golenbock
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH Competence Center Data Science Industrieparkstr. 1 84508 Burgkirchen Germany
| | - D. Heitmann
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH Competence Center Data Science Industrieparkstr. 1 84508 Burgkirchen Germany
| | - B. Müller-Wildenauer
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH Competence Center Data Science Industrieparkstr. 1 84508 Burgkirchen Germany
| | - N. Sterneberg
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH Competence Center Data Science Industrieparkstr. 1 84508 Burgkirchen Germany
| | - M. Xie
- Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH Competence Center Data Science Industrieparkstr. 1 84508 Burgkirchen Germany
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2
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Besteman SB, Phung E, Raeven HHM, Amatngalim GD, Rumpret M, Crabtree J, Schepp RM, Rodenburg LW, Siemonsma SG, Verleur N, van Slooten R, Duran K, van Haaften GW, Beekman JM, Chang LA, Meyaard L, van der Bruggen T, Berbers GAM, Derksen N, Nierkens S, Morabito KM, Ruckwardt TJ, Kurt-Jones EA, Golenbock D, Graham BS, Bont LJ. Recurrent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a CD14-Deficient Patient. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:258-269. [PMID: 35429403 PMCID: PMC9400420 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection requiring hospitalization is rare and the underlying mechanism is unknown. We aimed to determine the role of CD14-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of recurrent RSV infection. METHODS We performed genotyping and longitudinal immunophenotyping of the first patient with a genetic CD14 deficiency who developed recurrent RSV infection. We analyzed gene expression profiles and interleukin (IL)-6 production by patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to RSV pre- and post-fusion (F) protein. We generated CD14-deficient human nasal epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface (HNEC-ALI) of patient-derived cells and after CRISPR-based gene editing of control cells. We analyzed viral replication upon RSV infection. RESULTS Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous single-nucleotide deletion in CD14, resulting in absence of the CD14 protein in the index patient. In vitro, viral replication was similar in wild-type and CD14-/- HNEC-ALI. Loss of immune cell CD14 led to impaired cytokine and chemokine responses to RSV pre- and post-F protein, characterized by absence of IL-6 production. CONCLUSIONS We report an association of recurrent RSV bronchiolitis with a loss of CD14 function in immune cells. Lack of CD14 function led to defective immune responses to RSV pre- and post-F protein without a change in viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjanna B Besteman
- Correspondence: Sjanna B. Besteman, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands ()
| | | | | | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matevž Rumpret
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliet Crabtree
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rutger M Schepp
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susanna G Siemonsma
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nile Verleur
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne van Slooten
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Duran
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tjomme van der Bruggen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelyn A Kurt-Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis J Bont
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Jabara HH, McDonald DR, Janssen E, Massaad MJ, Ramesh N, Borzutzky A, Rauter I, Benson H, Schneider L, Baxi S, Recher M, Notarangelo LD, Wakim R, Dbaibo G, Dasouki M, Al-Herz W, Barlan I, Baris S, Kutukculer N, Ochs HD, Plebani A, Kanariou M, Lefranc G, Reisli I, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock D, Manis J, Keles S, Ceja R, Chatila TA, Geha RS. Author Correction: DOCK8 functions as an adaptor that links TLR-MyD88 signaling to B cell activation. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:815. [PMID: 35332329 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifa H Jabara
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas R McDonald
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Narayanaswamy Ramesh
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ingrid Rauter
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Halli Benson
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynda Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sachin Baxi
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mike Recher
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rima Wakim
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetics, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Isil Barlan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necil Kutukculer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatric Clinic and Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Gerard Lefranc
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherché 1142, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Meram Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Manis
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Meram Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.,Division of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reuben Ceja
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Noronha IH, Durso DF, Lannes-Vieira J, Bortoluci KR, Ribeiro DA, Golenbock D, Gazzinelli RT, de Vasconcelos JRC. Correction: CXCR3 chemokine receptor contributes to specific CD8+ T cell activation by pDC during infection with intracellular pathogens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009326. [PMID: 33826616 PMCID: PMC8026073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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5
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Netea MG, Balkwill F, Chonchol M, Cominelli F, Donath MY, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Golenbock D, Gresnigt MS, Heneka MT, Hoffman HM, Hotchkiss R, Joosten LAB, Kastner DL, Korte M, Latz E, Libby P, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Mantovani A, Mills KHG, Nowak KL, O'Neill LA, Pickkers P, van der Poll T, Ridker PM, Schalkwijk J, Schwartz DA, Siegmund B, Steer CJ, Tilg H, van der Meer JWM, van de Veerdonk FL, Dinarello CA. Author Correction: A guiding map for inflammation. Nat Immunol 2020; 22:254. [PMID: 33288963 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of California at San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard Hotchkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Korte
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute and HZI, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinica Research Center, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristen L Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Departments of Medicine and of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Pontes Ferreira C, de Moro Cariste L, Henrique Noronha I, Fernandes Durso D, Lannes-Vieira J, Ramalho Bortoluci K, Araki Ribeiro D, Golenbock D, Gazzinelli RT, de Vasconcelos JRC. CXCR3 chemokine receptor contributes to specific CD8+ T cell activation by pDC during infection with intracellular pathogens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008414. [PMID: 32574175 PMCID: PMC7337401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) plays an important role in CD8+ T cells migration during intracellular infections, such as Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition to chemotaxis, CXCR3 receptor has been described as important to the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and effector cells. We hypothesized that CXCR3 is fundamental to T. cruzi-specific CD8+ T cell activation, migration and effector function. Anti-CXCR3 neutralizing antibody administration to acutely T. cruzi-infected mice decreased the number of specific CD8+ T cells in the spleen, and those cells had impaired in activation and cytokine production but unaltered proliferative response. In addition, anti-CXCR3-treated mice showed decreased frequency of CD8+ T cells in the heart and numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in spleen and lymph node. As CD8+ T cells interacted with plasmacytoid dendritic cells during infection by T. cruzi, we suggest that anti-CXCR3 treatment lowers the quantity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which may contribute to impair the prime of CD8+ T cells. Understanding which molecules and mechanisms guide CD8+ T cell activation and migration might be a key to vaccine development against Chagas disease as those cells play an important role in T. cruzi infection control. Inflammatory chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 play an important role in T lymphocytes migration into an infected tissue during Th1 response. Recently, the role of CXCR3 as a co-stimulatory molecule was demonstrated, and T lymphocytes from CXCR3 deficient mice had impaired effector function. CXCR3 receptor was highly expressed on specific CD8+ T cells after challenge with T. cruzi, and the hypothesis of that molecule is important for CD8+ T cells activation, migration and functionality was raised. We used the anti-CXCR3 neutralizing antibody approach and demonstrated that C57BL/6 treated mice died very quickly due to T. cruzi infection, and specific CD8+ T cells had decreased effector phenotyping, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity. In addition, anti-CXCR3 treatment decreased the number of dendritic plasmacytoid cells in the lymphoid tissues. The lower quantity of dendritic plasmacytoid cells in those tissues might contribute to the decrease in CD8+ T cells activation. Overall, CXCR3 molecule seems to be an important molecule to be explored during vaccine against Chagas disease strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Isaú Henrique Noronha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Fernandes Durso
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences of the Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - José Ronnie Carvalho de Vasconcelos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences of the Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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7
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Heneka MT, Golenbock D, Latz E, Morgan D, Brown R. Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:69. [PMID: 32498691 PMCID: PMC7271826 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that infection with Sars-CoV-2 causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion of affected patients. While these symptoms arise acutely during the course of infection, less is known about the possible long-term consequences for the brain. Severely affected COVID-19 cases experience high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute respiratory dysfunction and often require assisted ventilation. All these factors have been suggested to cause cognitive decline. Pathogenetically, this may result from direct negative effects of the immune reaction, acceleration or aggravation of pre-existing cognitive deficits, or de novo induction of a neurodegenerative disease. This article summarizes the current understanding of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and hypothesizes that affected patients may be at higher risk of developing cognitive decline after overcoming the primary COVID-19 infection. A structured prospective evaluation should analyze the likelihood, time course, and severity of cognitive impairment following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bonn, Germany. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | | | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Institute for Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dave Morgan
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, USA
| | - Robert Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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8
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Dembny P, Newman AG, Singh M, Hinz M, Szczepek M, Krüger C, Adalbert R, Dzaye O, Trimbuch T, Wallach T, Kleinau G, Derkow K, Richard BC, Schipke C, Scheidereit C, Stachelscheid H, Golenbock D, Peters O, Coleman M, Heppner FL, Scheerer P, Tarabykin V, Ruprecht K, Izsvák Z, Mayer J, Lehnardt S. Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) RNA causes neurodegeneration through Toll-like receptors. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131093. [PMID: 32271161 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent a substantial proportion of the human genome and some HERVs, such as HERV-K(HML-2), are reported to be involved in neurological disorders, little is known about their biological function. We report that RNA from an HERV-K(HML-2) envelope gene region binds to and activates human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8, as well as murine Tlr7, expressed in neurons and microglia, thereby causing neurodegeneration. HERV-K(HML-2) RNA introduced into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of either C57BL/6 wild-type mice or APPPS1 mice, a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulted in neurodegeneration and microglia accumulation. Tlr7-deficient mice were protected against neurodegenerative effects but were resensitized toward HERV-K(HML-2) RNA when neurons ectopically expressed murine Tlr7 or human TLR8. Transcriptome data sets of human AD brain samples revealed a distinct correlation of upregulated HERV-K(HML-2) and TLR8 RNA expression. HERV-K(HML-2) RNA was detectable more frequently in CSF from individuals with AD compared with controls. Our data establish HERV-K(HML-2) RNA as an endogenous ligand for species-specific TLRs 7/8 and imply a functional contribution of human endogenous retroviral transcripts to neurodegenerative processes, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dembny
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew G Newman
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hinz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Szczepek
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Krüger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Omar Dzaye
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiology.,Department of Neuroradiology
| | | | - Thomas Wallach
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Derkow
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carola Schipke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Coleman
- Babraham Institute and John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L Heppner
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence.,Department of Neuropathology.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Mayer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universität des Saarlandes, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and BIH, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Tejera D, Mercan D, Sanchez-Caro JM, Hanan M, Greenberg D, Soreq H, Latz E, Golenbock D, Heneka MT. Systemic inflammation impairs microglial Aβ clearance through NLRP3 inflammasome. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101064. [PMID: 31359456 PMCID: PMC6717897 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent type of dementia and is caused by the deposition of extracellular amyloid‐beta and abnormal tau phosphorylation. Neuroinflammation has emerged as an additional pathological component. Microglia, representing the brain's major innate immune cells, play an important role during Alzheimer's. Once activated, microglia show changes in their morphology, characterized by a retraction of cell processes. Systemic inflammation is known to increase the risk for cognitive decline in human neurogenerative diseases including Alzheimer's. Here, we assess for the first time microglial changes upon a peripheral immune challenge in the context of aging and Alzheimer's in vivo, using 2‐photon laser scanning microscopy. Microglia were monitored at 2 and 10 days post‐challenge by lipopolysaccharide. Microglia exhibited a reduction in the number of branches and the area covered at 2 days, a phenomenon that resolved at 10 days. Systemic inflammation reduced microglial clearance of amyloid‐beta in APP/PS1 mice. NLRP3 inflammasome knockout blocked many of the observed microglial changes upon lipopolysaccharide, including alterations in microglial morphology and amyloid pathology. NLRP3 inhibition may thus represent a novel therapeutic target that may protect the brain from toxic peripheral inflammation during systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tejera
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dilek Mercan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan M Sanchez-Caro
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mor Hanan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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10
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Dowling JK, Tate MD, Rosli S, Bourke NM, Bitto N, Lauterbach MA, Cheung S, Ve T, Kobe B, Golenbock D, Mansell A. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Mal-D96N Mice Provide New Insights into Functionality of Mal in TLR Immune Responses. J Immunol 2019; 202:2384-2396. [PMID: 30787108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) protein is the most polymorphic of the four key adaptor proteins involved in TLR signaling. TLRs play a critical role in the recognition and immune response to pathogens through activation of the prototypic inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. The study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs, adaptors, and signaling mediators has provided key insights into the function of the corresponding genes but also into the susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans. In this study, we have analyzed the immune response of mice carrying the human Mal-D96N genetic variation that has previously been proposed to confer protection against septic shock. We have found that Mal-D96N macrophages display reduced cytokine expression in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligand challenge. Mal-D96N macrophages also display reduced MAPK activation, NF-κB transactivation, and delayed NF-κB nuclear translocation, presumably via delayed kinetics of Mal interaction with MyD88 following LPS stimulation. Importantly, Mal-D96N genetic variation confers a physiological protective phenotype to in vivo models of LPS-, Escherichia coli-, and influenza A virus-induced hyperinflammatory disease in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Together, these results highlight the critical role Mal plays in regulating optimal TLR-induced inflammatory signaling pathways and suggest the potential therapeutic advantages of targeting the Mal D96 signaling nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Dowling
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Natalie Bitto
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mario A Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Shane Cheung
- Monash Micro Imaging, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4122, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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11
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Hall J, Brault A, Vincent F, Weng S, Wang H, Dumlao D, Aulabaugh A, Aivazian D, Castro D, Chen M, Culp J, Dower K, Gardner J, Hawrylik S, Golenbock D, Hepworth D, Horn M, Jones L, Jones P, Latz E, Li J, Lin LL, Lin W, Lin D, Lovering F, Niljanskul N, Nistler R, Pierce B, Plotnikova O, Schmitt D, Shanker S, Smith J, Snyder W, Subashi T, Trujillo J, Tyminski E, Wang G, Wong J, Lefker B, Dakin L, Leach K. Discovery of PF-06928215 as a high affinity inhibitor of cGAS enabled by a novel fluorescence polarization assay. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184843. [PMID: 28934246 PMCID: PMC5608272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) initiates the innate immune system in response to cytosolic dsDNA. After binding and activation from dsDNA, cGAS uses ATP and GTP to synthesize 2', 3' -cGAMP (cGAMP), a cyclic dinucleotide second messenger with mixed 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds. Inappropriate stimulation of cGAS has been implicated in autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, thus inhibition of cGAS may be of therapeutic benefit in some diseases; however, the size and polarity of the cGAS active site makes it a challenging target for the development of conventional substrate-competitive inhibitors. We report here the development of a high affinity (KD = 200 nM) inhibitor from a low affinity fragment hit with supporting biochemical and structural data showing these molecules bind to the cGAS active site. We also report a new high throughput cGAS fluorescence polarization (FP)-based assay to enable the rapid identification and optimization of cGAS inhibitors. This FP assay uses Cy5-labelled cGAMP in combination with a novel high affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes cGAMP with no cross reactivity to cAMP, cGMP, ATP, or GTP. Given its role in the innate immune response, cGAS is a promising therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disease. Our results demonstrate its druggability, provide a high affinity tool compound, and establish a high throughput assay for the identification of next generation cGAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hall
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy Brault
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shawn Weng
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Darren Dumlao
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ann Aulabaugh
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dikran Aivazian
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dana Castro
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Chen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Culp
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ken Dower
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Gardner
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven Hawrylik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Hepworth
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Horn
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lyn Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eicke Latz
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wen Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Frank Lovering
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan Nistler
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Betsy Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Olga Plotnikova
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Suman Shanker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James Smith
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - William Snyder
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Subashi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Edyta Tyminski
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jimson Wong
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bruce Lefker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie Dakin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen Leach
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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Netea MG, Balkwill F, Chonchol M, Cominelli F, Donath MY, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Golenbock D, Gresnigt MS, Heneka MT, Hoffman HM, Hotchkiss R, Joosten LA, Kastner DL, Korte M, Latz E, Libby P, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Mantovani A, Mills KHG, Nowak KL, O’Neill LA, Pickkers P, van der Poll T, Ridker PM, Schalkwijk J, Schwartz DA, Siegmund B, Steer CJ, Tilg H, van der Meer JW, van de Veerdonk FL, Dinarello CA. A guiding map for inflammation. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:826-831. [PMID: 28722720 PMCID: PMC5939996 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biologists, physicians and immunologists have contributed to the understanding of the cellular participants and biological pathways involved in inflammation. Here, we provide a general guide to the cellular and humoral contributors to inflammation as well as to the pathways that characterize inflammation in specific organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marc Y. Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massacchussetts Medical School, Worchester, USA
| | - Mark S. Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hal M. Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of California at San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, USA
| | - Richard Hotchkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Daniel L. Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Korte
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany and HZI, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas University and Humanitas Clinica Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Kingston H. G. Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristen L. Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Luke A. O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jos W.M. van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Abstract
The structural requirements for recognition of peptidoglycan (PGN) by PGRP-LC and activation of the Drosophila IMD pathway are not yet clear. In order to examine this question more carefully, the activity of peptidoglycan from different types of bacteria was compared in cell-based and whole animal assays. Drosophila S2* cells, but not adult flies, responded to Lys-type Micrococcus luteus PGN, but with significantly less potency compared to Dap-type Escherichia coli PGN, while intact Lys-type PGN from Staphylococcus aureus was inactive. After treatment with lysostaphin, which digests the cross-bridging peptides, S. aureus PGN weakly stimulated the IMD pathway, similar to M. luteus PGN. Further digestion with mutanolysin, which creates monomeric PGN fragments, abolished the activity of S. aureus PGN. On the other hand, monomeric E. coli PGN, generated by mutanolysin digestion, was still active but required different isoforms of PGRP-LC for recognition. Polymeric PGN required only PGRP-LCx, while monomeric E. coli PGN required both the PGRP-LCa and PGRP-LCx isoforms. These results suggest that the recognition by PGRP-LCx alone requires polymeric PGN, and that polymeric Dap-type PGN is a more potent PGRP-LCx agonist, compared to Lys-type PGN. These results also suggest that the heteromeric PGRP-LCa/LCx receptor complex recognizes monomeric Dap-type, but not Lys-type, PGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kaneko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA,
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14
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Yoshimura A, Takada H, Kaneko T, Kato I, Golenbock D, Hara Y. Structural requirements of muramylpeptides for induction of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-κB activation in CHO cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519000060050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Gram-positive bacteria activated immune cells via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Although peptidoglycan, a major constituent of the bacterial cell wall, substituted for whole organisms, the essential structure of muramylpeptides required to stimulate the cells is not clear. We further investigated the critical determinant for recognition by CD14 and TLR2. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts, which do not express a functional TLR2 transcript, were transfected with TLR2 or TLR4. These cells were exposed to freeze-dried Staphylococcus epidermidis and were subsequently subjected to the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent CD25 expression assay. Heterologous expression of human TLR2, but not TLR4, in CHO cells conferred immune responsiveness to freeze-dried S. epidermidis. A preparation of peptidoglycan from S. epidermidis substituted for whole organisms. Staphylococcus aureus lytic enzyme-digested product (SEPS) from peptidoglycan retained the activity, but hydrolysis of the glycan backbone in SEPS by M-1 endo- N-acetylmuramidase resulted in loss of the activity. These findings showed that cellular activation by Gram-positive cell wall components was mediated by TLR2, but not TLR4, and indicated that the glycan backbone of peptidoglycan is critical for TLR2-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan, -u.ac.jp
| | - Haruhiko Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ihachi Kato
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Bernheiden M, Heinrich JM, Minigo G, Schütt C, Stelter F, Freeman M, Golenbock D, Jack RS. LBP, CD14, TLR4 and the murine innate immune response to a peritoneal Salmonella infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519010070060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In mice, defense against an intraperitoneal Salmonella infection depends on a vigorous innate immune response. Mutations which lead to an inadequate early response to the pathogen thus identify genes involved in innate immunity. The best studied host resistance factor, NRAMP-1, is an endosomal membrane protein whose loss leads to an inability of the animals to hold the infection in check. However, innate defense against Salmonella is not restricted to mechanisms which directly attack the pathogen within macrophages. Here we have examined the contribution of the LBP, CD14 and TLR4 gene products to innate defense against Salmonella. To this end, we have generated mice which carry a wild-type allele of NRAMP-1, but which are deficient for the LBP, CD14 or TLR4 genes. Loss of any of these genes leads to a susceptibility to Salmonella as dramatic as that seen in animals lacking functional NRAMP-1 protein. This indicates that LBP, CD14 and TLR4 are all critical elements required in the proper induction of this innate defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bernheiden
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Heinrich
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Schütt
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Stelter
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mason Freeman
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert S. Jack
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Greifswald, Germany
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16
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Meng J, Latz E, Golenbock D. GENOME-WIDE SIRNA SCREEN TO IDENTIFY NOVEL GENES IN TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 9 SIGNALING. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)32342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ní Cheallaigh C, Sheedy FJ, Harris J, Muñoz-Wolf N, Lee J, West K, McDermott EP, Smyth A, Gleeson LE, Coleman M, Martinez N, Hearnden CHA, Tynan GA, Carroll EC, Jones SA, Corr SC, Bernard NJ, Hughes MM, Corcoran SE, O'Sullivan M, Fallon CM, Kornfeld H, Golenbock D, Gordon SV, O'Neill LAJ, Lavelle EC, Keane J. A Common Variant in the Adaptor Mal Regulates Interferon Gamma Signaling. Immunity 2016; 44:368-79. [PMID: 26885859 PMCID: PMC4760121 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans that are heterozygous for the common S180L polymorphism in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor Mal (encoded by TIRAP) are protected from a number of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), whereas those homozygous for the allele are at increased risk. The reason for this difference in susceptibility is not clear. We report that Mal has a TLR-independent role in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) receptor signaling. Mal-dependent IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) signaling led to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 phosphorylation and autophagy. IFN-γ signaling via Mal was required for phagosome maturation and killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The S180L polymorphism, and its murine equivalent S200L, reduced the affinity of Mal for the IFNGR, thereby compromising IFNGR signaling in macrophages and impairing responses to TB. Our findings highlight a role for Mal outside the TLR system and imply that genetic variation in TIRAP may be linked to other IFN-γ-related diseases including autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland; Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Harris
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Kim West
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Eva Palsson McDermott
- Inflammation Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alicia Smyth
- UCD Schools of Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Medical Science, and Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Laura E Gleeson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuria Martinez
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Claire H A Hearnden
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham A Tynan
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth C Carroll
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah A Jones
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Inflammation Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Bernard
- Inflammation Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark M Hughes
- Inflammation Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah E Corcoran
- Inflammation Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Fallon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD Schools of Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Medical Science, and Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- Inflammation Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland
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Langjahr P, Díaz-Jiménez D, De la Fuente M, Rubio E, Golenbock D, Bronfman FC, Quera R, González MJ, Hermoso MA. Metalloproteinase-dependent TLR2 ectodomain shedding is involved in soluble toll-like receptor 2 (sTLR2) production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104624. [PMID: 25531754 PMCID: PMC4273945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, a type I membrane receptor that plays a key role in innate immunity, recognizes conserved molecules in pathogens, and triggering an inflammatory response. It has been associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) variants have been identified in human body fluids, and the TLR2 ectodomain can negatively regulate TLR2 activation by behaving as a decoy receptor. sTLR2 generation does not involve alternative splicing mechanisms, indicating that this process might involve a post-translational modification of the full-length receptor; however, the specific mechanism has not been studied. Using CD14+ peripheral human monocytes and the THP-1 monocytic leukemia-derived cell line, we confirm that sTLR2 generation increases upon treatment with pro-inflammatory agents and requires a post-translational mechanism. We also find that the constitutive and ligand-induced release of sTLR2 is sensitive to pharmacological metalloproteinase activator and inhibitors leading us to conclude that metalloproteinase TLR2 shedding contributes to soluble receptor production. By expressing human TLR2 in ADAM10- or ADAM17-deficient MEF cells, we find both enzymes to be implicated in TLR2 ectodomain shedding. Moreover, using a deletion mutant of the TLR2 juxtamembrane region, we demonstrate that this domain is required for sTLR2 generation. Functional analysis suggests that sTLR2 generated by metalloproteinase activation inhibitsTLR2-induced cytokine production by this monocytic leukemia-derived cell line. The identification of the mechanisms involved in regulating the availability of soluble TLR2 ectodomain and cell surface receptors may contribute further research on TLR2-mediated processes in innate immunity and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Langjahr
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Díaz-Jiménez
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Estefhany Rubio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Physiology Department, Millennium Nucleus in Regenerative Biology (MINREB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Gastroenterology Unit, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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19
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Janssen E, Ozcan E, Liadaki K, Jabara H, Manis J, Ullas S, Akira S, Fitzgerald K, Golenbock D, Geha R. TRIF signaling is essential for TLR4-driven IgE class switching (IRM5P.707). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.62.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The TLR4 ligand LPS causes mouse B cells to undergo IgE and IgG1 isotype switching in the presence of IL-4. TLR4 activates two signaling pathways mediated by the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRAM, which recruits TRIF. Following stimulation with LPS+IL-4, Tram-/- and Trif-/- B cells completely failed to express Cε germ line transcripts (GLT) and secrete IgE. In contrast, Myd88-/- B cells had normal expression of Cγ1 GLT, but reduced IgE secretion in response to LPS+IL-4. Following LPS+IL-4 stimulation, Cγ1 GLT expression was modestly reduced in Tram-/- and Trif-/- B cells, whereas Aicda expression and IgG1 secretion were reduced in Tram-/-,Trif-/-, and Myd88-/- B cells. B cells from all strains secreted normal amounts of IgE and IgG1 in response to anti-CD40+IL-4. Following stimulation with LPS+IL-4, Trif-/- B cells failed to sustain NFκB p65 nuclear translocation beyond 3 hours and had reduced binding of p65 to the Iε promoter. Addition of the NFκB inhibitor, JSH-23, to wild-type B cells 15 hours after LPS+IL-4 stimulation selectively blocked Cε GLT expression and IgE secretion, but had little effect on Cγ1 GLT expression and IgG secretion. These results indicate that sustained activation of NFκB driven by TRIF is essential for LPS+IL-4 driven activation of the Cε locus and class switching to IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Janssen
- 1Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - John Manis
- 1Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Raif Geha
- 1Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Antonelli L, Leoratti F, Costa P, Rocha B, Diniz S, Tada M, Pereira D, Golenbock D, Gonçalves R, Gazzinelli R. CD14+CD16+ monocytes play distinct role in Plasmodium vivax malaria (MPF3P.817). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.132.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During malaria, the Plasmodium triggers high levels of cytokines, which both help the immune response controlling the parasite and contribute to the symptoms observed during the diseases. Our data show that monocytes are the main source of cytokines upon P. vivax infection, suggesting their important role during disease. While it is recognized that monocytes are heterogeneous, the physiological relevance of this is not yet completely understood. The different monocyte subsets seem to reflect developmental stages with distinct roles. Our goal is to define the role of monocyte during P. vivax infection. Our data show that higher levels of cytokines, accompanied by increased frequencies of monocytes in P. vivax-infected patients. The infection triggers the expression of activation markers, adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on monocytes. Moreover, these cells can be distinguished into three monocyte subsets based on the expression of CD14 and CD16. Each of these subsets display an distinct profile, suggesting that they distinctly act during P. vivax infection to induce inflammation, control the infection and modulate immune response. Importantly, CD14+CD16+ monocytes displayed higher phagocytic activity and killing potential than their other counterparts. Identification of mechanisms that regulate monocyte responses during malaria will provide important information on the development of therapeutic strategies that are targeted to modify their particular cell subsets
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis Antonelli
- 1Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Leoratti
- 1Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Costa
- 1Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha
- 1Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- 2Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Suelen Diniz
- 1Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Tada
- 3Centro de Pesquisas em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Dhelio Pereira
- 3Centro de Pesquisas em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Ricardo Gazzinelli
- 1Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- 2Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- 4Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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21
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Tzeng TC, Golenbock D. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer's disease (INC9P.446). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.188.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is now recognized as a fundamental response in Alzheimer’s pathology. Prominent activation of inflammatory responses has been observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, as well as in mouse models, however the role of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis is still not clear. We have reported that the fibrillar form of beta amyloid is capable of stimulating the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β from microglia cells through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 mediated IL-1β production, in turn, induced neurotoxic factors from microglia cells and resulted in neuronal cell death. More importantly, we have recently bred the APP/PS1 mouse into the NLRP3 knock out mice and showed that NLRP3 deficient APP/PS1 mice were completely protected from learning and memory deficits and had decreased Amyloid beta plaques. NLRP3 activation induces both IL-1β and IL18 production. However the role of IL-1β or IL-18, both downstream of NLRP3 inflammasomes, in neuronal cell death are not clear. We used microglia cells and mouse neuronal cell line co-culture system to show the increased neuronal cell death was dependent on the activation of caspase-1 when stimulating microglia cells with Amyloid beta. In addition, IL-1β or IL-18 have synergistic effect in inducing neuronal cell death.
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22
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De la Fuente M, Franchi L, Araya D, Díaz-Jiménez D, Olivares M, Álvarez-Lobos M, Golenbock D, González MJ, López-Kostner F, Quera R, Núñez G, Vidal R, Hermoso MA. Escherichia coli isolates from inflammatory bowel diseases patients survive in macrophages and activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:384-92. [PMID: 24581881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a multifactorial pathology associated with the presence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and NLRP3 polymorphic variants. The presence of intracellular E. coli in other intestinal pathologies (OIP) and the role of NLRP3-inflammasome in the immune response activated by these bacteria have not been investigated. In this study, we sought to characterize intracellular strains isolated from patients with CD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and OIP, and analyze NLRP3-inflammasome role in the immune response and bactericidal activity induced in macrophages exposed to invasive bacteria. For this, intracellular E. coli isolation from ileal biopsies, using gentamicin-protection assay, revealed a prevalence and CFU/biopsy of E. coli higher in biopsies from CD, UC and OIP patients than in controls. To characterize bacterial isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, virulence genes, serogroup and phylogenetic group were analyzed. We found out that bacteria isolated from a given patient were closely related and shared virulence factors; however, strains from different patients were genetically heterogeneous. AIEC characteristics in isolated strains, such as invasive and replicative properties, were assessed in epithelial cells and macrophages, respectively. Some strains from CD and UC demonstrated AIEC properties, but not strains from OIP. Furthermore, the role of NLRP3 in pro-inflammatory cytokines production and bacterial elimination was determined in macrophages. E. coli strains induced IL-1β through NLRP3-dependent mechanism; however, their elimination by macrophages was independent of NLRP3. Invasiveness of intracellular E. coli strains into the intestinal mucosa and IL-1β production may contribute to CD and UC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie De la Fuente
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
| | - Luigi Franchi
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Araya
- Disciplinary Program of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
| | - David Díaz-Jiménez
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
| | - Mauricio Olivares
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Lobos
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínico Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, CL 6513677, Chile
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - María-Julieta González
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
| | - Francisco López-Kostner
- Laboratory of Oncology and Molecular Genetics, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, CL 7591018, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Gastroenterology Unit, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, CL 7591018, Chile
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Disciplinary Program of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile.
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23
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Marinotti O, Cerqueira GC, de Almeida LGP, Ferro MIT, Loreto ELDS, Zaha A, Teixeira SMR, Wespiser AR, Almeida E Silva A, Schlindwein AD, Pacheco ACL, Silva ALDCD, Graveley BR, Walenz BP, Lima BDA, Ribeiro CAG, Nunes-Silva CG, de Carvalho CR, Soares CMDA, de Menezes CBA, Matiolli C, Caffrey D, Araújo DAM, de Oliveira DM, Golenbock D, Grisard EC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, de Carvalho FM, Barcellos FG, Prosdocimi F, May G, Azevedo Junior GMD, Guimarães GM, Goldman GH, Padilha IQM, Batista JDS, Ferro JA, Ribeiro JMC, Fietto JLR, Dabbas KM, Cerdeira L, Agnez-Lima LF, Brocchi M, de Carvalho MO, Teixeira MDM, Diniz Maia MDM, Goldman MHS, Cruz Schneider MP, Felipe MSS, Hungria M, Nicolás MF, Pereira M, Montes MA, Cantão ME, Vincentz M, Rafael MS, Silverman N, Stoco PH, Souza RC, Vicentini R, Gazzinelli RT, Neves RDO, Silva R, Astolfi-Filho S, Maciel TEF, Urményi TP, Tadei WP, Camargo EP, de Vasconcelos ATR. The genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:7387-400. [PMID: 23761445 PMCID: PMC3753621 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vector–human and vector–parasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles-darlingi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Marinotti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA, Institute of Technology, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, Laboratório de Bioinformática do Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-075, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP -Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP 14884-900, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brasil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270901, Brasil, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica IPEPATRO/FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brasil, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 62042-280, Brasil, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, PI 60740-000, Brasil, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brasil, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, Informatics, The J. Craig Venter Institute, Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brasil, Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brasil, Centro de Apoio Mul
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24
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Chan J, Liehl P, DeOliveira R, Sharma S, Golenbock D, Mota M, Fitzgerald K. Dual role of type I IFN during plasmodium infection (P3056). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.125.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response during malaria are still poorly defined. Inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs induced when innate immune sensors recognize components of the malaria parasite can contribute to clearance of the parasite and in some circumstances these same effectors lead to experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) leads to ECM where animals succumb to infection and die. Upon infection with PbA infected red blood cells (iRBCs), C57/Bl6 mice succumb to death 6-12 days post-infection. Recently, we have found that mice lacking the type I IFN receptor, IFNAR-/-, are protected from ECM-mediated death, implicating an important role of type I IFNs in exacerbating the ECM phenotype. Alternatively, when mice are infected with liver-tropic PbA sporozoites, a type I IFN response is induced while the parasites develop inside hepatocytes. This host response is responsible for upregulating interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and limit the parasite load in the liver. The expression of ISGs are abrogated in IFNAR-/- mice. This protective phenotype is dependent on IRF3/7 and the adaptor MAVS suggesting that parasite RNA is recognized by host cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a dual role of type I IFNs that contribute to ECM-mediated death during PbA blood stage infections, but are also responsible for reducing parasite load during a liver stage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Chan
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Peter Liehl
- 2Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosane DeOliveira
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Maria Mota
- 2Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Parlato M, de Oliveira RB, Golenbock D, Fitzgerald K, Shalova IN, Biswas SK, Cavaillon JM, Adib-Conquy M. Interferon-γ and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor production by natural killer cells involves different signaling pathways and the adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10715-21. [PMID: 23443666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.435602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important for innate immunity in particular through the production of IFN-γ and GM-CSF. Both cytokines are important in restoration of immune function of tolerized leukocytes under inflammatory events. The expression of TLRs in NK cells has been widely studied by analyzing the mRNA of these receptors, rarely seeking their protein expression. We previously showed that murine spleen NK cells express TLR9 intracellularly and respond to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) by producing IFN-γ and GM-CSF. However, to get such production the presence of accessory cytokines (such as IL-15 and IL-18) was required, whereas CpG-ODN or accessory cytokines alone did not induce IFN-γ or GM-CSF. We show here that TLR9 overlaps with the Golgi apparatus in NK cells. Furthermore, CpG-ODN stimulation in the presence of accessory cytokines induces the phosphorylation of c-Jun, STAT3, and IκBα. IFN-γ and GM-CSF production requires NF-κB and STAT3 activation as well as Erk-dependent mechanisms for IFN-γ and p38 signaling for GM-CSF. Using knock-out-mice, we show that UNC93b1 and IL-12 (produced by NK cells themselves) are also necessary for IFN-γ and GM-CSF production. IFN-γ production was found to be MyD88- and TLR9-dependent, whereas GM-CSF was TLR9-independent but dependent on STING (stimulator of interferon genes), a cytosolic adaptor recently described for DNA sensing. Our study thereby allows us to gain insight into the mechanisms of synergy between accessory cytokines and CpG-ODN in NK cells. It also identifies a new and alternative signaling pathway for CpG-ODN in murine NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Cytokines and Inflammation, Department Infection et Epidémiologie, 28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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26
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Schamber-Reis BLF, Petritus PM, Caetano BC, Martinez ER, Okuda K, Golenbock D, Scott P, Gazzinelli RT. UNC93B1 and nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors mediate host resistance to infection with Leishmania major. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7127-36. [PMID: 23325805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian homolog B1 of Unc-93 Caenorhabditis elegans known as UNC93B1 is a chaperone protein that mediates translocation of the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endolysosomes. The triple deficient (UNC93B1 mutant) mice have a functional single point mutation in the UNC93B1 that results in non-functional TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9. Herein, we demonstrate that UNC93B1 mutant mice, in the C57BL/6 (resistant) genetic background, are highly susceptible to Leishmania major infection. Enhanced swelling of the footpad was associated with high levels of interleukin 10, decreased levels of interferon γ, and increased parasitism. None of the single TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 knock-out (KO) mice resemble the UNC93B1 mutant phenotype upon infection with L. major. Whereas the double TLR7/TLR9 KO showed a partial phenotype, the triple TLR3/TLR7/TLR9 KO mice were as susceptible as the UNC93B1 mutant mice, when infected with Leishmania parasites. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with either anti-interleukin 10 receptor monoclonal antibody or recombinant interleukin 12 restored a robust anti-parasite TH1 response and reverted the susceptible phenotype of UNC93B1 mutant mice. Altogether, our results indicate the redundant and essential role of nucleic acid-sensing TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 in inducing interleukin 12, development of a TH1 response, and resistance to L. major infection in resistant C57BL/6 mice.
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27
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Elfawal MA, Towler MJ, Reich NG, Golenbock D, Weathers PJ, Rich SM. Dried whole plant Artemisia annua as an antimalarial therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52746. [PMID: 23289055 PMCID: PMC3527585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are primary weapons for reducing malaria in human populations. However emergence of resistant parasites has repeatedly curtailed the lifespan of each drug that is developed and deployed. Currently the most effective anti-malarial is artemisinin, which is extracted from the leaves of Artemisia annua. Due to poor pharmacokinetic properties and prudent efforts to curtail resistance to monotherapies, artemisinin is prescribed only in combination with other anti-malarials composing an Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT). Low yield in the plant, and the added cost of secondary anti-malarials in the ACT, make artemisinin costly for the developing world. As an alternative, we compared the efficacy of oral delivery of the dried leaves of whole plant (WP) A. annua to a comparable dose of pure artemisinin in a rodent malaria model (Plasmodium chabaudi). We found that a single dose of WP (containing 24 mg/kg artemisinin) reduces parasitemia more effectively than a comparable dose of purified drug. This increased efficacy may result from a documented 40-fold increase in the bioavailability of artemisinin in the blood of mice fed the whole plant, in comparison to those administered synthetic drug. Synergistic benefits may derive from the presence of other anti-malarial compounds in A. annua. If shown to be clinically efficacious, well-tolerated, and compatible with the public health imperative of forestalling evolution of drug resistance, inexpensive, locally grown and processed A. annua might prove to be an effective addition to the global effort to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Elfawal
- Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Towler
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G. Reich
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Rich
- Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lehmann SM, Krüger C, Park B, Derkow K, Rosenberger K, Baumgart J, Trimbuch T, Eom G, Hinz M, Kaul D, Habbel P, Kälin R, Franzoni E, Rybak A, Nguyen D, Veh R, Ninnemann O, Peters O, Nitsch R, Heppner FL, Golenbock D, Schott E, Ploegh HL, Wulczyn FG, Lehnardt S. An unconventional role for miRNA: let-7 activates Toll-like receptor 7 and causes neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:827-35. [PMID: 22610069 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of innate immune receptors by host-derived factors exacerbates CNS damage, but the identity of these factors remains elusive. We uncovered an unconventional role for the microRNA let-7, a highly abundant regulator of gene expression in the CNS, in which extracellular let-7 activates the RNA-sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and induces neurodegeneration through neuronal TLR7. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease contains increased amounts of let-7b, and extracellular introduction of let-7b into the CSF of wild-type mice by intrathecal injection resulted in neurodegeneration. Mice lacking TLR7 were resistant to this neurodegenerative effect, but this susceptibility to let-7 was restored in neurons transfected with TLR7 by intrauterine electroporation of Tlr7(−/−) fetuses. Our results suggest that microRNAs can function as signaling molecules and identify TLR7 as an essential element in a pathway that contributes to the spread of CNS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Hafner-Bratkovič I, Benčina M, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock D, Jerala R. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophage cell lines by prion protein fibrils as the source of IL-1β and neuronal toxicity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:4215-28. [PMID: 22926439 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by aggregation of the pathological form of prion protein, spongiform degeneration, and neuronal loss, and activation of astrocytes and microglia. Microglia can clear prion plaques, but on the other hand cause neuronal death via release of neurotoxic species. Elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β has been observed in brains affected by several prion diseases, and IL-1R-deficiency significantly prolonged the onset of the neurodegeneration in mice. We show that microglial cells stimulated by prion protein (PrP) fibrils induced neuronal toxicity. Microglia and macrophages release IL-1β upon stimulation by PrP fibrils, which depends on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by PrP fibrils requires depletion of intracellular K(+), and requires phagocytosis of PrP fibrils and consecutive lysosome destabilization. Among the well-defined molecular forms of PrP, the strongest NLRP3 activation was observed by fibrils, followed by aggregates, while neither native monomeric nor oligomeric PrP were able to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results together with previous studies on IL-1R-deficient mice suggest the IL-1 signaling pathway as the perspective target for the therapy of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Golenbock D. Innate immune recognition of an AT-rich stem-loop DNA motif in the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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31
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Jabara HH, McDonald DR, Janssen E, Massaad MJ, Ramesh N, Borzutzky A, Rauter I, Benson H, Schneider L, Baxi S, Recher M, Notarangelo LD, Wakim R, Dbaibo G, Dasouki M, Al-Herz W, Barlan I, Baris S, Kutukculer N, Ochs HD, Plebani A, Kanariou M, Lefranc G, Reisli I, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock D, Manis J, Keles S, Ceja R, Chatila TA, Geha RS. DOCK8 functions as an adaptor that links TLR-MyD88 signaling to B cell activation. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:612-20. [PMID: 22581261 PMCID: PMC3362684 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DOCK8 and MyD88 have been implicated in serologic memory. Here we report antibody responses were impaired and CD27+ memory B cells were severely reduced in DOCK8-deficient patients. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)- but not CD40-driven B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production were severely reduced in DOCK8-deficient B cells. In contrast, TLR9-driven expression of AICDA, CD23 and CD86, and activation of NF-κB, p38 and Rac1 were intact. DOCK8 associated constitutively with MyD88 and the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in normal B cells. Following TLR9 ligation, DOCK8 became tyrosine phosphorylated by Pyk2, bound the Src family kinase Lyn and linked TLR9 to a Src-Syk-STAT3 cascade essential for TLR9-driven B cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, DOCK8 functions as an adaptor in a TLR9-MyD88 signaling pathway in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa H Jabara
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Seimon TA, Nadolski MJ, Liao X, Magallon J, Nguyen M, Feric NT, Koschinsky ML, Harkewicz R, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S, Golenbock D, Moore KJ, Tabas I. Atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins trigger CD36-TLR2-dependent apoptosis in macrophages undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Metab 2010; 12:467-82. [PMID: 21035758 PMCID: PMC2991104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage apoptosis in advanced atheromata, a key process in plaque necrosis, involves the combination of ER stress with other proapoptotic stimuli. We show here that oxidized phospholipids, oxidized LDL, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and lipoprotein(a) trigger apoptosis in ER-stressed macrophages through a mechanism requiring both CD36 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). In vivo, macrophage apoptosis was induced in SFA-fed, ER-stressed wild-type but not Cd36⁻(/)⁻ or Tlr2⁻(/)⁻ mice. For atherosclerosis, we combined TLR2 deficiency with that of TLR4, which can also promote apoptosis in ER-stressed macrophages. Advanced lesions of fat-fed Ldlr⁻(/)⁻ mice transplanted with Tlr4⁻(/)⁻Tlr2⁻(/)⁻ bone marrow were markedly protected from macrophage apoptosis and plaque necrosis compared with WT →Ldlr⁻(/)⁻ lesions. These findings provide insight into how atherogenic lipoproteins trigger macrophage apoptosis in the setting of ER stress and how TLR activation might promote macrophage apoptosis and plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie A Seimon
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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33
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Hamm S, Latz E, Hangel D, Müller T, Yu P, Golenbock D, Sparwasser T, Wagner H, Bauer S. Alternating 2′-O-ribose methylation is a universal approach for generating non-stimulatory siRNA by acting as TLR7 antagonist. Immunobiology 2010; 215:559-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Palsson-McDermott EM, Doyle SL, McGettrick AF, Hardy M, Husebye H, Banahan K, Gong M, Golenbock D, Espevik T, O'Neill LAJ. TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the adaptor MyD88–independent TLR4 pathway. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:579-86. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Gallego C, Saravia N, Valderrama L, Golenbock D. Role of Toll-like receptors in the response of human macrophages to Leishmania panamensis infection (133.17). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.133.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The macrophage is both the host and effector phagocytic cell in the recognition and clearence of L. panamensis parasites. The contribution of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the outcome of infection is unknown in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Objetive: The aim of this study is to determine whether TLRs have a role in the recognition of L. panamensis and identify which TLRs are involved in the response in human macrophages. Methods: TNFα production and cellular expression of TLRs were measured in human primary macrophages from healthy donors in response to TLRs ligands and to the infection with L. panamensis promastigotes. Production of TNFα in TLR positive and TLR knockout murine macrophages was determined in response to promastigotes and amastigotes of L. panamensis. Results and Conclusion: L. panamensis induced a variable production of TNFα by human macrophages from different donors with the same kinetics and similar level as TLR ligands. Expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in macrophages increased during L. panamensis infection. Activation of wild-type mouse macrophages indicated a possible role of TLRs in the innate recognition of Leishmania. Activation of TLR2 by promastigotes but not by amastigotes suggests a possible role for TLR2 in the recognition and outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gallego
- 1Unidad de Inmunología, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nancy Saravia
- 1Unidad de Inmunología, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
| | - Liliana Valderrama
- 1Unidad de Inmunología, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- 2Division of Infectious diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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36
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Sandanger Ø, Ryan L, Bohnhorst J, Iversen AC, Husebye H, Halaas Ø, Landrø L, Aukrust P, Frøland SS, Elson G, Visintin A, Øktedalen O, Damås JK, Sundan A, Golenbock D, Espevik T. IL-10 enhances MD-2 and CD14 expression in monocytes and the proteins are increased and correlated in HIV-infected patients. J Immunol 2009; 182:588-95. [PMID: 19109192 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soluble proteins that bind LPS, like myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) and CD14, have essential roles in regulating LPS signaling through TLR4. During a gram-negative bacterial infection, the host may control the response by adjusting the levels of soluble MD-2 and CD14. To address the surface expression of MD-2 on human leukocytes, we developed a mAb, IIC1, that recognized MD-2 both free and when bound to TLR4. MD-2 was found on the surface of freshly isolated monocytes, on a subpopulation of CD19(+) B-cells and on CD15(+) neutrophils. LPS transiently reduced the MD-2 levels on monocytes, which is most likely due to endocytosis of the LPS receptor complex since MD-2 colocalized with TLR4 in early endosomes after LPS stimulation. In the absence of LPS, MD-2 partly colocalized with TLR4 in Golgi trans and medial compartments. Cultivating monocytes for 18-20 h resulted in loss of MD-2 expression on the surface, which was reversed either by LPS or IL-10. Furthermore, addition of IL-10, but not LPS, resulted in a considerable increase in mRNA for both MD-2 and CD14. Using ELISA, we demonstrated that IL-10 had a profound dose- and time-related effect on the release of soluble MD-2 and soluble CD14 from monocytes. In HIV-infected patients, the amounts of MD-2, CD14, and IL-10 increased significantly in the patient group with AIDS. Of interest, we found that IL-10, CD14, and MD-2 levels were positively correlated, suggesting that IL-10 may be a driving force for increased release of MD-2 and CD14 during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Sandanger
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
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37
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Davey M, Liu X, Ukai T, Jain V, Gudino C, Gibson FC, Golenbock D, Visintin A, Genco CA. Bacterial fimbriae stimulate proinflammatory activation in the endothelium through distinct TLRs. J Immunol 2008; 180:2187-95. [PMID: 18250425 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The major and minor fimbriae proteins produced by the human pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis are required for invasion of human aortic endothelial cells and for the stimulation of potent inflammatory responses. In this study, we report that native forms of both the major and minor fimbriae proteins bind to and signal through TLR2 for this response. Major and minor fimbriae bound to a human TLR2:Fc chimeric protein with an observed K(d) of 28.9 nM and 61.7 nM, respectively. Direct binding of the major and minor fimbriae to a human chimeric CD14-Fc protein also established specific binding of the major and minor fimbriae to CD14 with classic saturation kinetics. Using a P. gingivalis major and minor fimbriae mutant, we confirmed that TLR2 binding in whole cells is dependent on the expression of the major and minor fimbriae. Although we did not observe binding with the major or minor fimbriae to the TLR4-Fc chimeric protein, signaling through TLR4 for both proteins was demonstrated in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with TLR4 and only in the presence MD-2. Transient transfection of dominant-negative forms of TLR2 or TLR4 reduced IL-8 production by human aortic endothelial cells following stimulation with major or minor fimbriae. The ability of two well-defined microbe-associated molecular patterns to select for innate immune recognition receptors based on accessory proteins may provide a novel way for a pathogen to sense and signal in appropriate host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davey
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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38
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McCall MBB, Netea MG, Hermsen CC, Jansen T, Jacobs L, Golenbock D, van der Ven AJAM, Sauerwein RW. Plasmodium falciparum infection causes proinflammatory priming of human TLR responses. J Immunol 2007; 179:162-71. [PMID: 17579034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TLRs are a major group of pattern recognition receptors that are crucial in initiating innate immune responses and are capable of recognizing Plasmodium ligands. We have investigated TLR responses during acute experimental P. falciparum (P.f.) infection in 15 malaria-naive volunteers. TLR-4 responses in whole blood ex vivo stimulations were characterized by significantly (p < 0.01) up-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production during infection compared with baseline, whereas TLR-2/TLR-1 responses demonstrated increases in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Responses through other TLRs were less obviously modified by malaria infection. The degree to which proinflammatory TLR responses were boosted early in infection was partially prognostic of clinical inflammatory parameters during the subsequent clinical course. Although simultaneous costimulation of human PBMC with P.f. lysate and specific TLR stimuli in vitro did not induce synergistic effects on cytokine synthesis, PBMC started to respond to subsequent TLR-4 and TLR-2 stimulation with significantly (p < 0.05) increased TNF-alpha and reduced IL-10 production following increasing periods of preincubation with P.f. Ag. In contrast, preincubation with preparations derived from other parasitic, bacterial, and fungal pathogens strongly suppressed subsequent TLR responses. Taken together, P.f. primes human TLR responses toward a more proinflammatory cytokine profile both in vitro and in vivo, a characteristic exceptional among microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B B McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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39
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Chen CJ, Kono H, Golenbock D, Reed G, Akira S, Rock KL. Identification of a key pathway required for the sterile inflammatory response triggered by dying cells. Nat Med 2007; 13:851-6. [PMID: 17572686 DOI: 10.1038/nm1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dying cells stimulate inflammation, and this response is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Very little has been known, however, about how cell death triggers inflammation. We found here that the acute neutrophilic inflammatory response to cell injury requires the signaling protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88). Analysis of the contribution of Myd88-dependent receptors to this response revealed only a minor reduction in mice doubly deficient in Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) and Tlr4 and normal responses in mice lacking Tlr1, Tlr3, Tlr6, Tlr7, Tlr9, Tlr11 or the interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R). However, mice lacking IL-1R showed a markedly reduced neutrophilic inflammatory response to dead cells and tissue injury in vivo as well as greatly decreased collateral damage from inflammation. This inflammatory response required IL-1alpha, and IL-1R function was required on non-bone-marrow-derived cells. Notably, the acute monocyte response to cell death, which is thought to be important for tissue repair, was much less dependent on the IL-1R-Myd88 pathway. Also, this pathway was not required for the neutrophil response to a microbial stimulus. These findings suggest that inhibiting the IL-1R-Myd88 pathway in vivo could block the damage from acute inflammation that occurs in response to sterile cell death, and do so in a way that might not compromise tissue repair or host defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Room S2-109, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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40
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Tian J, Avalos AM, Mao SY, Chen B, Senthil K, Wu H, Parroche P, Drabic S, Golenbock D, Sirois C, Hua J, An LL, Audoly L, La Rosa G, Bierhaus A, Naworth P, Marshak-Rothstein A, Crow MK, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E, Kiener PA, Coyle AJ. Toll-like receptor 9-dependent activation by DNA-containing immune complexes is mediated by HMGB1 and RAGE. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:487-96. [PMID: 17417641 DOI: 10.1038/ni1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1058] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased concentrations of DNA-containing immune complexes in the serum are associated with systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Stimulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by DNA is important in the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells. Here we show that HMGB1, a nuclear DNA-binding protein released from necrotic cells, was an essential component of DNA-containing immune complexes that stimulated cytokine production through a TLR9-MyD88 pathway involving the multivalent receptor RAGE. Moreover, binding of HMGB1 to class A CpG oligodeoxynucleotides considerably augmented cytokine production by means of TLR9 and RAGE. Our data demonstrate a mechanism by which HMGB1 and RAGE activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells in response to DNA and contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tian
- Inflammation and Autoimmune Group, Research Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
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41
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Tian J, Avalos AM, Chen B, Fitzgerald KA, Sirois C, Golenbock D, Marshak-Rothstein A, Crow MK, Audoly L, Kiener PA, Latz E, Coyle AJ. Regulation of TLR9 dependent DNA Immune complex mediated cell activation by High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 (HMGB1) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) (128.35). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.128.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Stimulation of endosomal associated TLR9 by DNA plays an important role in activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and autoreactive B cells and may contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). HMGB1 is a DNA binding protein that is liberated either from cells undergoing necrosis or following cytokine stimulation. Here we show that HMGB1 forms a high affinity complex with CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotides and augments the production of IFN-a from murine pDCs. We also show that HMGB1 is indeed a component of naturally formed DNA containing chromatin complexes. IFNa induced by either the exogenously formed HMGB1/CpG-A complex or naturally formed complex is TLR9 dependent and is inhibited by HMGB1 and RAGE antagonists. The complex without HMGB1 induces significantly less IFNa. HMGB1-RAGE interactions are required for activation of autoreactive B cells following stimulation with DNA immune complexes and are critical in the regulation of type I interferon gene induction by DNA complexes present in lupus plasma. Our data provide a novel mechanism by which HMGB1 confers potent stimulatory activity to DNA through a RAGE dependent mechanism and may contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tian
- 1MedImmune Inc., One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878,
| | - Ana Maria Avalos
- 2Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118,
| | - Bo Chen
- 1MedImmune Inc., One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878,
| | | | - Cherilyn Sirois
- 3University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605,
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- 3University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605,
| | | | - Mary K. Crow
- 4Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th St., New York, NY, 10021
| | - Laurent Audoly
- 1MedImmune Inc., One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878,
| | - Peter A. Kiener
- 1MedImmune Inc., One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878,
| | - Eicke Latz
- 3University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605,
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42
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Taylor KR, Yamasaki K, Radek KA, Nardo AD, Goodarzi H, Golenbock D, Beutler B, Gallo RL. Recognition of hyaluronan released in sterile injury involves a unique receptor complex dependent on Toll-like receptor 4, CD44, and MD-2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18265-18275. [PMID: 17400552 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606352200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation under sterile conditions is not well understood despite its importance in trauma and autoimmune disease. To investigate this process we established mouse models of sterile injury and explored the role of hyaluronan in mediating inflammation following injury. The response of cultured monocytes to hyaluronan was different than the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) despite both being dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Cultured cells exposed to hyaluronan showed a pattern of gene induction that mimics the response seen in mouse skin after sterile injury with an increase in molecules such as transforming growth factor-beta2 and matrix metalloproteinase-13. These factors were not induced by LPS despite the mutual dependence of both hyaluronan and LPS on TLR4. Explanation for the unique response to hyaluronan was provided by observations that a lack of TLR4 or CD44 in mice diminished the response to sterile injury, and together with MD-2, was required for responsiveness to hyaluronan in vitro. Thus, a unique complex of TLR4, MD-2, and CD44 recognizes hyaluronan. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the physical association of TLR4 and CD44. Taken together, our results define a previously unknown mechanism for initiation of sterile inflammation that involves recognition of released hyaluronan fragments as an endogenous signal of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Taylor
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Katherine A Radek
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Anna Di Nardo
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Heidi Goodarzi
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161.
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43
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Miggin SM, Pålsson-McDermott E, Dunne A, Jefferies C, Pinteaux E, Banahan K, Murphy C, Moynagh P, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Rothwell N, Golenbock D, Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LAJ. NF-kappaB activation by the Toll-IL-1 receptor domain protein MyD88 adapter-like is regulated by caspase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3372-7. [PMID: 17360653 PMCID: PMC1805564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-2 and -4 are important proteins in innate immunity, recognizing microbial products and eliciting host defense responses. Both use the adapter proteins MyD88 and MyD88 adapter-like (Mal) to activate signaling pathways. Here we report that Mal but not MyD88 interacts with caspase-1, the enzyme that processes the precursors of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18. The interaction was found in a yeast two-hybrid screen and was confirmed by reciprocal GST pull-downs and coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins. We were unable to implicate Mal in regulating caspase-1 activation. However, we found that Mal was cleaved by caspase-1 and that inhibition of caspase-1 activity blocked TLR2- and TLR4-mediated NF-kappaB and p38 MAP kinase activation but not IL-1 or TLR7 signaling, which are Mal independent. These responses, and the induction of TNF, were also attenuated in caspase-1-deficient cells. Finally, unlike wild-type Mal, a mutant Mal, which was not cleaved by caspase-1, was unable to signal and acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling. Our study therefore reveals a role for caspase-1 in the regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways via an effect on Mal. This functional interaction reveals an important aspect of the coordination between TLRs and caspase-1 during the innate response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M. Miggin
- *School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Aisling Dunne
- *School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Jefferies
- *School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Banahan
- *School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Murphy
- *School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Host Defense, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Nancy Rothwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Luke A. J. O'Neill
- *School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- **To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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44
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Wang Q, McLoughlin RM, Cobb BA, Charrel-Dennis M, Zaleski KJ, Golenbock D, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL. A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:2853-63. [PMID: 17178920 PMCID: PMC2118167 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20062008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Commensalism is critical to a healthy Th1/Th2 cell balance. Polysaccharide A (PSA), which is produced by the intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis, activates CD4+ T cells, resulting in a Th1 response correcting the Th2 cell skew of germ-free mice. We identify Toll-like receptors as crucial to the convergence of innate and adaptive responses stimulated by PSA. Optimization of the Th1 cytokine interferon-γ in PSA-stimulated dendritic cell–CD4+ T cell co-cultures depends on both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and antigen presentation. Synergy between the innate and adaptive responses was also shown when TLR2−/− mice exhibited impaired intraabdominal abscess formation in response to B. fragilis. Commensal bacteria, using molecules like PSA, potentially modulate the Th1/Th2 cell balance and the response to infection by coordinating both the innate and adaptive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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45
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Chen CJ, Shi Y, Hearn A, Fitzgerald K, Golenbock D, Reed G, Akira S, Rock KL. MyD88-dependent IL-1 receptor signaling is essential for gouty inflammation stimulated by monosodium urate crystals. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:2262-71. [PMID: 16886064 PMCID: PMC1523415 DOI: 10.1172/jci28075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is known that monosodium urate (MSU) crystals cause the disease gout, the mechanism by which these crystals stimulate this inflammatory condition has not been clear. Here we find that the Toll/IL-1R (TIR) signal transduction adaptor myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is required for acute gouty inflammation. In contrast, other TIR adaptor molecules, TIRAP/Mal, TRIF, and TRAM, are not required for this process. The MyD88-dependent TLR1, -2, -4, -6, -7, -9, and -11 and IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) are not essential for MSU-induced inflammation. Moreover, MSU does not stimulate HEK cells expressing TLR1-11 to activate NF-kappaB. In contrast, mice deficient in the MyD88-dependent IL-1R showed reduced inflammatory responses, similar to those observed in MyD88-deficient mice. Similarly, mice treated with IL-1 neutralizing antibodies also showed reduced MSU-induced inflammation, demonstrating that IL-1 production and IL-1R activation play essential roles in MSU-triggered inflammation. IL-1R deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells did not affect the inflammatory response; however, it was required in non-bone marrow-derived cells. These results indicate that IL-1 is essential for the MSU-induced inflammatory response and that the requirement of MyD88 in this process is primarily through its function as an adaptor molecule in the IL-1R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Chen
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arron Hearn
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kate Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - George Reed
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenneth L. Rock
- Department of Pathology and
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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46
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Rogers KA, Rogers AB, Leav BA, Sanchez A, Vannier E, Uematsu S, Akira S, Golenbock D, Ward HD. MyD88-dependent pathways mediate resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice. Infect Immun 2006; 74:549-56. [PMID: 16369011 PMCID: PMC1346622 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.1.549-556.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. cause diarrheal disease worldwide. Innate immune responses mediating resistance to this parasite are not completely understood. To determine whether MyD88-dependent pathways play a role in resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum, we compared the course of infection in MyD88(-/-) mice to that in their wild-type (WT) littermate controls. Three- to 4-week-old mice were infected with C. parvum, and infection was monitored by quantifying fecal oocyst shedding. Twelve days postinfection, the histology of the intestines was examined to quantify intestinal parasite burden and to determine if there were any pathological changes. Fecal oocyst shedding and intestinal parasite burden were significantly greater in MyD88(-/-) mice than in littermate controls. Nonetheless, both WT and MyD88(-/-) mice cleared the infection within 3 weeks. These results indicate that MyD88-dependent pathways are involved in mediating initial resistance to C. parvum. Since gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is known to mediate resistance to C. parvum, we also studied infection in MyD88(-/-) mice and WT controls in which this cytokine was temporarily neutralized. Fecal oocyst shedding, as well as intestinal parasite burden, intestinal inflammation, and mortality, was significantly greater in MyD88(-/-) mice in which IFN-gamma was neutralized than in IFN-gamma-neutralized WT mice or in MyD88(-/-) mice in which this cytokine was active. These results suggest that MyD88 and IFN-gamma had an additive effect in conferring protection from C. parvum infection. While this study confirms the importance of IFN-gamma in conferring resistance to infection with C. parvum, it suggests that MyD88-mediated pathways also play a role in innate immunity to this parasite.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Cryptosporidiosis/immunology
- Cryptosporidiosis/metabolism
- Cryptosporidiosis/mortality
- Cryptosporidium parvum/immunology
- Enterocolitis/immunology
- Enterocolitis/metabolism
- Enterocolitis/mortality
- Enterocolitis/parasitology
- Female
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Rogers
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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47
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Abstract
The structural requirements for recognition of peptidoglycan (PGN) by PGRP-LC and activation of the Drosophila IMD pathway are not yet clear. In order to examine this question more carefully, the activity of peptidoglycan from different types of bacteria was compared in cell-based and whole animal assays. Drosophila S2* cells, but not adult flies, responded to Lys-type Micrococcus luteus PGN, but with significantly less potency compared to Dap-type Escherichia coli PGN, while intact Lys-type PGN from Staphylococcus aureus was inactive. After treatment with lysostaphin, which digests the cross-bridging peptides, S. aureus PGN weakly stimulated the IMD pathway, similar to M. luteus PGN. Further digestion with mutanolysin, which creates monomeric PGN fragments, abolished the activity of S. aureus PGN. On the other hand, monomeric E. coli PGN, generated by mutanolysin digestion, was still active but required different isoforms of PGRP-LC for recognition. Polymeric PGN required only PGRP-LCx, while monomeric E. coli PGN required both the PGRP-LCa and PGRP-LCx isoforms. These results suggest that the recognition by PGRP-LCx alone requires polymeric PGN, and that polymeric Dap-type PGN is a more potent PGRP-LCx agonist, compared to Lys-type PGN. These results also suggest that the heteromeric PGRP-LCa/LCx receptor complex recognizes monomeric Dap-type, but not Lys-type, PGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kaneko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica are closely related species associated with respiratory disease in humans and other mammals. While B. bronchiseptica has a wide host range, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis evolved separately from a B. bronchiseptica-like progenitor to naturally infect only humans. Despite very different doubling times in vitro, all three establish similar levels of infection in the mouse lung within 72 h. Recent work has revealed separate roles for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in immunity to B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica, while no role for TLR4 during B. parapertussis infection has been described. Here we compared the requirement for TLR4 in innate host defense to these organisms using the same mouse infection model. While B. bronchiseptica causes lethal disease in TLR4-deficient mice, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis do not. Correspondingly, TLR4 is critical in limiting B. bronchiseptica but not B. pertussis or B. parapertussis bacterial numbers during the first 72 h. Interestingly, B. bronchiseptica induces a TLR4-dependent cytokine response that is considerably larger than that induced by B. pertussis or B. parapertussis. Analysis of their endotoxins using RAW cells suggests that B. bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is 10- and 100-fold more stimulatory than B. pertussis or B. parapertussis LPS, respectively. The difference in LPS stimulus is more pronounced when using HEK293 cells expressing human TLR4. Thus, it appears that in adapting to infect humans, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis independently modified their LPS to reduce TLR4-mediated responses, which may compensate for slower growth rates and facilitate host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Mann
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Immunology Research Laboratories, Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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49
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Romics L, Dolganiuc A, Velayudham A, Kodys K, Mandrekar P, Golenbock D, Kurt-Jones E, Szabo G. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates inflammatory cytokine induction but not sensitization for liver injury by Propioni- bacterium acnes. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:1255-64. [PMID: 16204620 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0804448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of Gram-positive bacteria by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) induces activation of proinflammatory pathways. In mice, sensitization with the Gram-positive Propionibacterium acnes followed by a challenge with the TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), results in fulminant hepatic failure. Here, we investigated the role of TLR2 in liver sensitization to LPS-induced injury. Stimulation of Chinese hamster ovary cells and peritoneal macrophages with heat-killed P. acnes required expression of TLR2 but not of TLR4, suggesting that P. acnes was a TLR2 ligand. Cell activation by P. acnes was myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent, and it was augmented by coexpression of CD14 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In vitro, P. acnes behaved as a TLR2 ligand and induced TLR4 hetero- and TLR2 homotolerance in peritoneal macrophages. In vivo priming of wild-type mice with P. acnes, but not with the selective TLR2 ligands peptidoglycan and lipotheicoic acid, resulted in hepatocyte necrosis, hyperelevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-12 (p40/p70), and increased RNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12p40, IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-18, IFN-gamma) in the liver after a LPS challenge. Furthermore, P. acnes priming sensitized TLR2-deficient (TLR2-/-) but not MyD88-/- mice to LPS-induced injury, evidenced by hepatocyte necrosis, increased levels of serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and liver proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression. IFN-gamma, a cytokine sensitizing to endotoxin, was induced by P. acnes in splenocytes of TLR2-/- and TLR9-/- but not MyD88-/- mice. These results suggest that although P. acnes triggers TLR2-mediated cell activation, TLR2-independent but MyD88-dependent mechanisms mediate in vivo sensitization by P. acnes for LPS-induced liver injury.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- CHO Cells
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cricetinae
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/genetics
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/physiopathology
- Hepatitis/genetics
- Hepatitis/immunology
- Hepatitis/microbiology
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/immunology
- Ligands
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Liver Failure, Acute/genetics
- Liver Failure, Acute/immunology
- Liver Failure, Acute/microbiology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Propionibacterium/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Romics
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 215, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
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50
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Johnson AC, Heinzel FP, Diaconu E, Sun Y, Hise AG, Golenbock D, Lass JH, Pearlman E. Activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the mammalian cornea induces MyD88-dependent corneal inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:589-95. [PMID: 15671286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize microbial products, have an important role in the host innate immune response. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether activation of these receptors leads to development of keratitis and to assess the role of the common adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88). METHODS Corneal epithelium of C57BL/6, TLR2(-/-), TLR9(-/-), and MyD88(-/-) mice was abraded and treated with Pam(3)Cys, LPS, or CpG DNA, which bind TLR2, -4, and -9, respectively, and neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma, development of corneal haze, and chemokine production were measured. RESULTS Activation of TLR2 and -9 stimulated neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma of C57BL/6 mice, but not TLR2(-/-) or -9(-/-) mice, respectively. In marked contrast, neutrophil migration to the corneal stroma of MyD88(-/-) mice challenged with Pam(3)Cys, LPS, or CpG DNA was completely ablated. Activation of TLR2, -4, and -9 also caused a significant increase in corneal thickness and haze, indicative of disruption of corneal clarity; however, this response was ablated in MyD88(-/-) mice, which were not significantly different from untreated corneas. Production of CXC chemokines MIP-2 and KC, which mediate neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma, was elevated in the corneal epithelium and stroma of control, but not MyD88(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that the corneal epithelium has functional TLR2 and -9, and that TLR2, -4, and -9 signal through MyD88. This pathway is therefore likely to have an important role in the early events leading to microbial keratitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Corneal Stroma/immunology
- CpG Islands
- Cysteine/analogs & derivatives
- Cysteine/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects
- Epithelium, Corneal/metabolism
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Keratitis/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Toll-Like Receptor 2
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
- Toll-Like Receptor 9
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7286, USA
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