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Giantin S, Franzin A, Brusa F, Montemurro V, Bozzetta E, Caprai E, Fedrizzi G, Girolami F, Nebbia C. Overview of Cyanide Poisoning in Cattle from Sorghum halepense and S. bicolor Cultivars in Northwest Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 38473128 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorghum plants naturally produce dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside that may be hydrolysed to cyanide, resulting in often-lethal toxicoses. Ruminants are particularly sensitive to cyanogenic glycosides due to the active role of rumen microbiota in dhurrin hydrolysis. This work provides an overview of a poisoning outbreak that occurred in 5 farms in Northwest Italy in August 2022; a total of 66 cows died, and many others developed acute toxicosis after being fed on either cultivated (Sorghum bicolor) or wild Sorghum (Sorghum halepense). Clinical signs were recorded, and all cows received antidotal/supportive therapy. Dead animals were subjected to necropsy, and dhurrin content was determined in Sorghum specimens using an LC-MS/MS method. Rapid onset, severe respiratory distress, recumbency and convulsions were the main clinical features; bright red blood, a bitter almond smell and lung emphysema were consistently observed on necropsy. The combined i.v. and oral administration of sodium thiosulphate resulted in a rapid improvement of clinical signs. Dhurrin concentrations corresponding to cyanide levels higher than the tolerated threshold of 200 mg/kg were detected in sorghum specimens from 4 out of 5 involved farms; thereafter, such levels declined, reaching tolerable concentrations in September-October. Feeding cattle with wild or cultivated Sorghum as green fodder is a common practice in Northern Italy, especially in summer. However, care should be taken in case of adverse climatic conditions, such as severe drought and tropical temperatures (characterising summer 2022), which are reported to increase dhurrin synthesis and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giantin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberico Franzin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Brusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Vittoria Montemurro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caprai
- National Reference Laboratory for Natural Toxins in Food and Feed, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Pietro Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- National Reference Laboratory for Natural Toxins in Food and Feed, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Pietro Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Benedetto A, Šťastný K, Giaccio N, Marturella M, Biasibetti E, Arigoni M, Calogero R, Gili M, Pezzolato M, Tošnerová K, Hodkovicová N, Faldyna M, Puleio R, Bozzo G, Bozzetta E. RNAseq Analysis of Livers from Pigs Treated with Testosterone and Nandrolone Esters: Selection and Field Validation of Transcriptional Biomarkers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3495. [PMID: 38003113 PMCID: PMC10668810 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) as growth promoters in farm animals is banned in the European Union, representing both an illicit practice and a risk for consumer health. However, these compounds are still illegally administered, often in the form of synthetic esters. This work aimed to characterize significant coding RNA perturbations related to the illicit administration of testosterone and nandrolone esters in fattening pigs. A total of 27 clinically healthy 90-day-old pigs were randomly assigned to test and control groups. Nine animals were treated with testosterone esters (Sustanon®) and other nine with nandrolone esters (Myodine®). At the end of the trial, liver samples were collected and analyzed using RNAseq, allowing the identification of 491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The transcriptional signature was further characterized by a smaller sub-cluster of 143 DEGs, from which a selection of 16 genes was made. The qPCR analysis confirmed that the identified cluster could still give good discrimination between untreated gilt and barrows compared to the relative testosterone-treated counterparts. A conclusive field survey on 67 liver samples collected from pigs of different breeds and weight categories confirmed, in agreement with testosterone residue profiles, the specificity of selected transcriptional biomarkers, showing their potential applications for screening purposes when AAS treatment is suspected, allowing to focus further investigations of competent authorities and confirmatory analysis where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Benedetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Kamil Šťastný
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.T.); (N.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Nunzia Giaccio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Marianna Marturella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Salute, Core-Lab di Bioinformatica e Genomica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy; (M.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaele Calogero
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Salute, Core-Lab di Bioinformatica e Genomica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy; (M.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Marilena Gili
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Kristína Tošnerová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.T.); (N.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Nikola Hodkovicová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.T.); (N.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.T.); (N.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (N.G.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
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Colussi S, Pastorino P, Prearo M, Sciuto S, Bondavalli F, Acutis PL, Bozzetta E, Amisano F, Salerno A. First Report of Human Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Lactococcus petauri. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2583. [PMID: 37894241 PMCID: PMC10609302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus petauri is a recently described species of the genus Lactococcus. It was reported as an etiological agent of piscine lactococcosis together with Lactococcus garvieae. L. garvieae was already described as an opportunistic pathogen in human infections, with a potential zoonotic role. This paper represents the first report of a human urinary tract infection caused by L. petauri. A 91-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department for a femur fracture consequent to a domestic accident. The fracture was reduced by surgery and a catheterized specimen urine culture revealed a high bacterial load sustained by Gram-positive cocci, identified by Vitek 2 compact as L. garvieae, and subsequently as L. petauri through Internal Transcribed spacer 16S-23S r-RNA amplification. The number of L. petauri infections in humans is expected to rise in the near future mainly due to diagnostic improvement. A dedicated survey on L. garvieae and L. petauri infections in humans should be performed to better understand their role as pathogens and as zoonotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Simona Sciuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Fabio Bondavalli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (F.B.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Francesco Amisano
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Microbiologia e Virologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Angelo Salerno
- S.S. Microbiologia, Ospedale SS Antonio e Margherita, 15057 Tortona, Italy;
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Esposito G, Sciuto S, Martello E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E. Disclosing Frauds in Herbal Food Supplements Labeling: A Simple LC-MS/MS Approach to Detect Alkaloids and Biogenic Amines. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100152. [PMID: 37640156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Food supplements are a category of products perceived safe and therefore commonly used by different categories of consumers without any particular attention or precaution. However, health risks associated with the consumption of supplements containing undeclared substances cannot be excluded. A variety of analytical methods are used to control supplement quality composition, but usually, these procedures are complex and time-consuming. Here, we report the results of a simple and fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, to detect and quantify simultaneously different categories of active molecules, such as biogenic ammines and natural alkaloids that at high doses can produce negative health effect in consumers. Three categories of products intended for body weight loss, energy boosting, and erectile dysfunction treatment, purchased through e-commerce sites and from local supermarkets, were analyzed (n = 91). The caffeine, synephrine, agmatine sulfate, yohimbine, phenethylamine, and icariin were correctly separated and identified with good precision (RSD < 20%) and recovery (89-109%). The identification and quantification of the analytes in real samples highlighted that the 26% of the samples were not compliant with labeling, confirming that frauds are very common also in the natural supplements market. This LC-MS/MS method could be easily used to test natural supplements in order to check the correct labeling and to protect consumers from potential health risks and food frauds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
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Razzuoli E, Chirullo B, De Ciucis CG, Mecocci S, Martini I, Zoccola R, Campanella C, Varello K, Petrucci P, Di Meo A, Bozzetta E, Tarantino M, Goria M, Modesto P. Animal models of Soft Tissue Sarcoma for alternative anticancer therapy studies: characterization of the A-72 Canine Cell Line. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1615-1627. [PMID: 37038001 PMCID: PMC10484808 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) cell line A-72 has been largely employed for antiviral and antiproliferative studies. However, there are few information on their characteristics. Our aim was to evaluate A-72 expression level of genes and proteins involved in the innate immune response and cell cycle, their ability to respond to infective stressors and their possible use as a cellular model for anti-cancer studies in human and animal medicine. For this purpose, we evaluated the basal expression of immune-related, cell cycle and DNA repair genes on this cell line and tumoral tissues. A-72 ability to respond to a wild-type strain of Salmonella typhimurium was assessed. S. typhimurium showed ability to penetrate A-72 causing pro-inflammatory response accompanied by a decrease of cell viability. IL10 and IL18 genes were not expressed in A-72 while CXCL8, NOS2, CXCR4 and PTEN were highly expressed in all samples and TP53 was slightly expressed, as shown in human STS. Our results outline the ability of A-72 to respond to a bacterial agent by modifying the expression of important genes involved in innate immune response and provide a useful model for in vitro evaluation of new therapeutic approaches that could be translated into the human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Martini
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Zoccola
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Campanella
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Petrucci
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Tarantino
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
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Mazza M, Tran L, Loprevite D, Cavarretta MC, Meloni D, Dell’Atti L, Våge J, Madslien K, Vuong TT, Bozzetta E, Benestad SL. Are rapid tests and confirmatory western blot used for cattle and small ruminants TSEs reliable tools for the diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease in Europe? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286266. [PMID: 37647272 PMCID: PMC10468065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first case of CWD in Europe was detected in a Norwegian reindeer in 2016, followed later by two CWD cases in Norwegian moose. To prevent the potential spread of CWD to the EU, the European Commission (Regulation EU 2017_1972) implemented a CWD surveillance programme in cervids in the six countries having reindeer and or moose (Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). Each country had to test a minimum of 3000 cervids for CWD using diagnostic rapid tests approved by the EC Regulation. Experimental transmission studies in rodents have demonstrated that the CWD strains found in Norwegian reindeer are different from those found in moose and that these European strains are all different from the North American ones. Data on the performances of authorised rapid tests are limited for CWD (from North America) and are currently minimal for CWD from Europe, due to the paucity of positive material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of three of the so-called "rapid" tests, commercially available and approved for TSE diagnosis in cattle and small ruminants, to detect the CWD strains circulating in Europe. The performances of these three tests were also compared to two different confirmatory western blot methods. Using parallel testing on the same panel of available samples, we evaluated here the analytical sensitivity of these methods for TSE diagnosis of CWD in Norwegian cervids tissues. Our results show that all the methods applied were able to detect the CWD positive samples even if differences in analytical sensitivity were clearly observed. Although this study could not assess the test accuracy, due to the small number of samples available, it is conceivable that the rapid and confirmatory diagnostic systems applied for CWD surveillance in Northern Europe are reliable tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazza
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Linh Tran
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Loprevite
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria C. Cavarretta
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Luana Dell’Atti
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Jørn Våge
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tram T. Vuong
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Sylvie L. Benestad
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Mugetti D, Pastorino P, Beltramo C, Audino T, Arillo A, Esposito G, Prearo M, Bertoli M, Pizzul E, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Peletto S. The Gut Microbiota of Farmed and Wild Brook Trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis): Evaluation of Feed-Related Differences Using 16S rRNA Gene Metabarcoding. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1636. [PMID: 37512808 PMCID: PMC10386504 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has become a topic of increasing importance in various fields, including aquaculture. Several fish species have been the subject of investigations concerning the intestinal microbiota, which have compared different variables, including the intestinal portions, the environment, and diet. In this study, the microbiota of farmed and wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were analyzed, in which the wall and content of the medial portion of the intestine were considered separately. A total of 66 fish (age class 2+) were sampled, of which 46 were wild and 20 were farmed brook trout, in two different years. Microbiota data were obtained using a 16S metabarcoding approach by analyzing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the corresponding 16S rRNA. The data showed that the core microbiota of these species consist of Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes (Bacilli and Clostridia), and, only for farmed animals, Fusobacteria. The latter taxon's presence is likely related to the fishmeal-based diet administered to farmed brook trout. Indeed, alpha and beta diversity analysis showed differences between wild and farmed fish. Finally, statistically significant differences in the microbiota composition were observed between the intestinal walls and contents of wild fish, while no differences were detected in reared animals. Our work represents the first study on the intestinal microbiota of brook trout with respect to both farmed and wild specimens. Future studies might focus on the comparison of our data with those pertaining to other fish species and on the study of other portions of the brook trout intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Centro di Referenza Regionale per la Biodiversità degli Ambienti Acquatici (BioAqua), Via L. Maritano 22, 10051 Avigliana, Italy
| | - Chiara Beltramo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Tania Audino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Centro di Referenza Regionale per la Biodiversità degli Ambienti Acquatici (BioAqua), Via L. Maritano 22, 10051 Avigliana, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Centro di Referenza Regionale per la Biodiversità degli Ambienti Acquatici (BioAqua), Via L. Maritano 22, 10051 Avigliana, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Donato GG, Appino S, Bertero A, Poletto ML, Nebbia P, Robino P, Varello K, Bozzetta E, Vincenti L, Nervo T. Safety and Effects of a Commercial Ozone Foam Preparation on Endometrial Environment and Fertility of Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104222. [PMID: 36623580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mares' subfertility represents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and both clinical and subclinical endometritis are considered major causes of impaired fertility. Thanks to its properties, ozone has a big potential as a treatment for equine endometritis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the safety and the effects on endometrium and reproductive parameters of mares of a commercial ozone foam preparation (Riger Spray®). Twenty-four mares were treated during estrus: ozone group with an intrauterine instillation of ozone foam preparation (OG, n=16) and control group with 20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution (CG, n=8). Samples for endometrial cytology were collected before the ozone treatment (T0), after 24 h (T1), after one week (T2), two weeks (T3), and when the subsequent estrous phase was detected (T4). Furthermore, samples for histological examination and uterine swab for bacteriological examination were collected at T0 and T4. At T1, a statistically significant increase of endometrial inflammation in the OG mares compared to T0 (P<.05) and to CG at same time point (P<.05) was observed, but it was already resolved at T2. No differences in endometrial inflammation in CG, biopsy grade before and after the treatment in the two groups, number of mares pregnant at the end of the season and number of mares pregnant at the first cycle were observed. However, the number of inseminations required for pregnancy tended to be lower (P=.0711) in the OG (1.69±0.06) than in CG mares (2.60±0.89).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Guido Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Appino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Leila Vincenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nervo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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9
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Maniscalco L, Acutis PL, Biolatti C, Laguardia DR, Di Blasio A, Dondo A, Bozzetta E, Varello K. Renal carcinoma with metastatic spread in a tiger (Panthera tigris): morphological and immunohistochemical study. Vet Ital 2022; 58. [PMID: 37303144 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2475.16553.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 12‑year‑old intact male Panthera tigris presented with pain and weight loss was euthanatized. Necroscopical examination revealed a neoplastic mass expanding to the left renal pelvis with metastatic dissemination to local lymph node, adrenal gland, and lung. Immunohistochemical characterization was performed revealing co‑expression of both cytokeratin and vimentin and negativity for both PAX8 and c‑KIT. Considering histochemical and immunohistochemical results the tumour was classified as renal cell carcinoma with metastatic spread. This report provides insights into the morphological and immunohistochemical features of renal cell carcinoma in Panthera tigris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta.
| | | | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta.t
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta
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10
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Maniscalco L, Varello K, Morello E, Montemurro V, Olimpo M, Giacobino D, Abbamonte G, Gola C, Iussich S, Bozzetta E. Investigating a Prognostic Factor for Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis of Different Histological Grading Systems and the Role of PIVKA-II. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120689. [PMID: 36548850 PMCID: PMC9781990 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in dogs is uncommon and often associated with a good prognosis, although some cases prove to be aggressive. In human oncology HCC is often very aggressive and diagnostic methods and prognostic factors are widely used to predict its biological behaviour. These include the expression of PIVKA-II. METHODS in order to identify a prognostic factor for canine HCC, we applied different methods of histological grading and investigated PIVKA-II expression in 22 HCC of dogs treated surgically and followed clinically for at least 2 years. RESULTS Nineteen patients analysed have passed the observation period without tumour recurrence, while 3 died following the development of metastases. PIVKA-II was positive in 15/22 cases without correlation with prognosis or tumoural grading even if a trend of PIVKA-II negativity in low WHO grades as well as increased number of PIVKA-II positive cases in higher WHO grades weres observed. CONCLUSIONS This work showed that, PIVKA-II cannot be considered either as a marker of malignancy or as a prognostic marker for canine HCC. The poor prognosis depends usually on the clinical presentation. Thus prognostic parameters in canine HCC able to predict its aggressive behaviour through histological examination are still missing. The most promising method, limited to our study, seems to be the WHO histological grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Maniscalco
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10045 Grugliasco, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-2686254
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10045 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Vittoria Montemurro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Olimpo
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10045 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10045 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Abbamonte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gola
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10045 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Dipartimento Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10045 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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11
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Magara G, Varello K, Pastorino P, Francese DR, Arsieni P, Pezzolato M, Masoero L, Messana E, Caldaroni B, Abete MC, Pederiva S, Squadrone S, Elia AC, Prearo M, Bozzetta E. Multi-Level System to Assess Toxicity in Water Distribution Plants. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19148469. [PMID: 35886313 PMCID: PMC9316929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of water samples from water distribution plants needs to be investigated further. Indeed, studies on the pro-oxidant effects driven by tap water are very limited. In this study, the water quality, pro-oxidant effects, and potential health risks driven by exposure to groundwater samples from two water plants (sites A and B) located in Northwestern Italy were investigated in a multi-level system. Physicochemical parameters and the absence of pathogens, cyanotoxins, and endocrine active substances indicated a good water quality for both sites. The 25 metals analyzed were found under the limit of quantification or compliant with the maximum limits set by national legislation. Water samples were concentrated by the solid-phase extraction system in order to assess the aquatic toxicity on Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line. Levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were evaluated through the Integrated Biomarkers Response (IBRv2) index. EPC cell line was found a sensible model for assessing the antioxidant responses driven by both water concentrates. A similar antioxidant response was shown by plots and IBRv2 suggesting a muted risk for the two sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0112-686-251
| | | | - Paola Arsieni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Erika Messana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Sabina Pederiva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
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12
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Benedetto A, Biasibetti E, Robotti E, Marengo E, Audino V, Bozzetta E, Pezzolato M. Transcriptional Biomarkers and Immunohistochemistry for Detection of Illicit Dexamethasone Administration in Veal Calves. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121810. [PMID: 35742008 PMCID: PMC9222442 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids such as Dexamethasone (DEX) are commonly licensed for therapy in meat animals due to their known pharmacological properties. However, their misuse aimed to achieve anabolic effects is often found by National Residues Control Plans. The setup of a complementary “biomarker based” methods to unveil such illicit practices is encouraged by current European legislation. In this study, the combined use of molecular and histological quantitative techniques was applied on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) muscle samples to assess the effects of illicit DEX treatment on veal calves. A PCR array, including 28 transcriptional biomarkers related to DEX exposure, was combined with a histochemical analysis of muscle fiber. An analysis based on unsupervised (PCA) and supervised (PLS-DA and Kohonen’s SOM) methods, was applied in order to define multivariate models able to classify animals suspected of illicit treatment by DEX. According to the conventional univariate approach, a not-significant reduction in type I fibres was recorded in the DEX-treated group, and only 12 out of 28 targeted genes maintained their expected differential expression, confirming the technical limitations of a quantitative analysis on FFPE samples. However, the multivariate models developed highlighted the possibility to establish complementary screening strategies, particularly when based on transcriptional biomarkers characterised by low expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Benedetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (E.R.); Tel.: +39-0112686254 (E.B.); +39-1031360272 (E.R.)
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (E.R.); Tel.: +39-0112686254 (E.B.); +39-1031360272 (E.R.)
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Valentina Audino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (V.A.); (E.B.); (M.P.)
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13
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Cavallini N, Pennisi F, Giraudo A, Pezzolato M, Esposito G, Gavoci G, Magnani L, Pianezzola A, Geobaldo F, Savorani F, Bozzetta E. Chemometric Differentiation of Sole and Plaice Fish Fillets Using Three Near-Infrared Instruments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111643. [PMID: 35681393 PMCID: PMC9180159 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish species substitution is one of the most common forms of fraud all over the world, as fish identification can be very challenging for both consumers and experienced inspectors in the case of fish sold as fillets. The difficulties in distinguishing among different species may generate a “grey area” in which mislabelling can occur. Thus, the development of fast and reliable tools able to detect such frauds in the field is of crucial importance. In this study, we focused on the distinction between two flatfish species largely available on the market, namely the Guinean sole (Synaptura cadenati) and European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), which are very similar looking. Fifty fillets of each species were analysed using three near-infrared (NIR) instruments: the handheld SCiO (Consumer Physics), the portable MicroNIR (VIAVI), and the benchtop MPA (Bruker). PLS-DA classification models were built using the spectral datasets, and all three instruments provided very good results, showing high accuracy: 94.1% for the SCiO and MicroNIR portable instruments, and 90.1% for the MPA benchtop spectrometer. The good classification results of the approach combining NIR spectroscopy, and simple chemometric classification methods suggest great applicability directly in the context of real-world marketplaces, as well as in official control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cavallini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-0904713
| | - Francesco Pennisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (G.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Alessandro Giraudo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (G.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (G.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Gentian Gavoci
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Magnani
- Esselunga S.p.A., Via Giambologna 1, 20096 Limito di Pioltello (MI), Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alberto Pianezzola
- Esselunga S.p.A., Via Giambologna 1, 20096 Limito di Pioltello (MI), Italy; (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesco Geobaldo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Savorani
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (G.E.); (E.B.)
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14
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Mugetti D, Colussi S, Pastorino P, Varello K, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Pedron C, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Prearo M. Episode of mortality associated with isolation of Streptococcus iniae in Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836) reared in Northern Italy. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:939-942. [PMID: 35263448 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia Tomasoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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15
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Guglielmetti C, Brusadore S, Pezzolato M, Baioni E, Ingravalle F, Acutis PL, Mazza M, Bozzetta E. Validation of serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1) as a protein marker of illicit dexamethasone treatment in veal calves. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1065-1073. [PMID: 35412417 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2062057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The illicit use of dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids for cattle fattening in livestock production has been widely described; evidence for illegal treatments can be obtained by direct or indirect detection. In our previous study, we applied two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) to identify plasma protein markers of dexamethasone administration in veal calves. Comparison of 2DE maps obtained from blood samples before and after treatment showed the disappearance of two protein spots identified as serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 precursor (PON1). In the present study, we validated PON1 as a marker by analysing a larger number of samples treated with dexamethasone for illicit use. Analysis of samples from experimental treatment with other glucocorticoids, androgens and oestrogens confirmed that their influence on PON1 could be excluded. The specificity of the PON1 protein marker was verified on expected negative field samples to exclude interfering factors. However, there is poor statistical evidence to support a significant association between the outcome of PON1 and the considered variables. The results on field samples were compared with histological examination of the thymus as a biomarker of corticosteroid treatment monitored in the Italian histological plan for the control of growth promoters in animals. Two suspect cases were identified from two Piedmont farms where other animals had tested positive at histological examination. In conclusion, the absence of PON1 in the plasma of veal calves can indirectly reveal illicit dexamethasone treatment in individual animals and so identify suspect farms for further investigation. It is effective in a period ranging from 3 to about 10 days from illicit treatment, covering a time span that goes beyond the limits of official chemical controls and preceding histological controls on the thymus of slaughtered animals. PON1 detection in plasma can be coupled with other tests to identify illegal dexamethasone use on veal calf farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Sonia Brusadore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Baioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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16
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Meletiadis A, Biolatti C, Mugetti D, Zaccaria T, Cipriani R, Pitti M, Decastelli L, Cimino F, Dondo A, Maurella C, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL. Surveys on Exposure to Reptile-Associated Salmonellosis (RAS) in the Piedmont Region—Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070906. [PMID: 35405894 PMCID: PMC8996925 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS), Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) in humans, is acquired through contact both directly with reptiles and indirectly with their environment. In Italy, like in other countries, reptiles have become popular pet animals, but epidemiological data about RAS are not collected. To fill this gap, surveys to estimate the presence and frequency of RAS and human exposure were carried out in Piedmont, a Northern-Italian region. Two studies were conducted among patients with sporadic salmonellosis (i.e., not linked to foodborne outbreaks): the first, restricted to a big city hospital, showed a prevalence of RAS of 7%, and the second, extending to the population affected by sporadic salmonellosis across all the region, showed a prevalence of 3%. In addition, an ocular survey taken in public places displaying reptiles detailed possible exposure through direct and indirect contact and a questionnaire survey that collected data from the general population, including reptile owners, revealed that preventive measures are not always known or applied. These results confirmed that RAS in Italy is present and constitutes a proportion of the human salmonellosis cases in line with the percentages reported in other countries. People should be more informed about RAS and the related preventive measures. Abstract Reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS), Salmonella infection in humans, is acquired through contact with reptiles. Reptiles have become popular pet animals, and RAS is likely to be an underestimated but growing problem. No epidemiological data about RAS are routinely collected in Italy. In order to estimate the occurrence of RAS in the Italian human population and to investigate the exposure, two epidemiological studies on patients with sporadic salmonellosis were carried out in the Piedmont region, along with an evaluation of human exposure in public places displaying reptiles and with a survey on people awareness. RAS appeared make up 7% of sporadic salmonellosis in the first study and 3% in the second, more extensive study. A prevalence of 11.7% and 5.7%, respectively, were calculated for the age range of 0–21 years. It was observed that in public places displaying reptiles, it was possible to easily come into contact with the animals and their environment. Some knowledge about RAS emerged from the interviews with the general population, but preventive measures are not completely applied by reptile owners. In conclusion, RAS in Italy is present and constitutes a proportion of the human salmonellosis cases in line with the percentages reported in other countries. Exposure to reptiles should always be considered as a risk factor, and people should be more informed about RAS and the related preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Meletiadis
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Davide Mugetti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Teresa Zaccaria
- Laboratory Diagnostics Department, Microbiology and Virology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaella Cipriani
- Laboratory Diagnostics Department, Microbiology and Virology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Monica Pitti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Francesca Cimino
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Cristiana Maurella
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute for Piedmont, Ligury and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (L.D.); (F.C.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Tripodi L, Ru G, Lazzara F, Florio LC, Cocco C, Meloni D, Maria M, Bozzetta E, Perrotta MG, Caramelli M, Casalone C, Iulini B. Chronic Wasting Disease Monitoring in Italy 2017–2019: Neuropathological Findings in Cervids. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040401. [PMID: 35456076 PMCID: PMC9029944 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease that affects cervids; it is classified under transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). CWD is particularly contagious, making its eradication in endemic areas very difficult and creating serious problems for cervid conservation and breeding. It has recently become an emerging public health risk to be managed by health authorities. Starting in 2017, active CWD surveillance in Italy has intensified with the monitoring of wild and farmed cervids. The present study summarizes findings from a histopathological survey of the brains from wild ruminants collected via CWD monitoring between 2017 and 2019. A total of 113 brains from 62 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 51 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were submitted for analysis at the National Reference Center for Animal Encephalopathies (CEA) to determine major patterns of neuropathological lesions and correlated pathogens. Brain lesions were detected in 20 animals, 10 brain samples were unsuitable for examination, and 83 presented no lesions. Neuropathological examination revealed non-suppurative encephalitis or meningoencephalitis in most cases (15/20). This brain study revealed evidence for the absence of CWD in Italy and provided a reference spectrum of neuropathological lesions for differential diagnosis in cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Tripodi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Lazzara
- Dipartimento Di Prevenzione, S.C. Sanità Animale, ASL 3 Genovese, Via San Giovanni Battista 48, 16154 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Lucia Caterina Florio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Cocco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Mazza Maria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Maria Caramelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (L.C.F.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-2686261
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18
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Colitti B, Manassero L, Colombino E, Ferraris EI, Caccamo R, Bertolotti L, Bortolami A, Bonfante F, Papa V, Cenacchi G, Calabrese F, Bozzetta E, Varello K, Capucchio MT, Rosati S. Pulmonary fibrosis in a dog as a sequela of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2? A case report. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:111. [PMID: 35317791 PMCID: PMC8938595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by severe radiographic changes and clinicopathological findings. However, in the vast majority of cases, the cause remains unknown. Case description In the present study, we reported the clinical case of a 3 years old female Bull Terrier presented in October 2020 to the Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Department of the Turin Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a progressive pulmonary illness characterized by dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and a diffuse and severe pulmonary interstitial pattern at imaging investigations. Considering the clinical findings, the dog was included in a serological survey for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in companion animals, showing positive results. Due to the further clinical worsening, the owners opted for euthanasia. At necroscopy, dog showed severe and chronic bronchopneumonia compatible with a Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and with serological features linked to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions The comparison of these lesions with those reported in humans affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) supports the hypothesis that these findings may be attributable to the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dog with breed predisposition to Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (CIPF), although direct evidence of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular or antigenic approaches remained unsolved. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03191-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Caccamo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Alma Mater" University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, "Alma Mater" University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Raux A, Bichon E, Benedetto A, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. The Promise and Challenges of Determining Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone in Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030274. [PMID: 35159426 PMCID: PMC8834339 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) is produced in large quantities and widely used in a number of countries worldwide to stimulate milk production in dairy animals. The use of this compound in animal production is strictly regulated by food safety directives in force, in particular in the European Union (EU). Although analytical strategies for the detection of rbGH in blood have been successfully reported over the past 15 years, they do not fully answer the expectations of either competent authorities or industrials that would expect measuring its occurrence directly in the milk. As a matrix of excretion but also of consumption, milk appears indeed as the matrix of choice for detecting the use of rbGH in dairy animals. It also allows large volumes to be collected without presenting an invasive character for the animal. However, rbGH detection in milk presents several challenges, mainly related to the sensitivity required for its detection in a complex biological matrix. This review article presents the specific difficulties associated with milk and provides an overview of the analytical strategies reported in the literature and whether they concern indirect or direct approaches to the detection of rbGH administration to animals, with applications either for screening or confirmation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Raux
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Bichon
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Alessandro Benedetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-40-68-78-80
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20
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Pezzolato M, Baioni E, Maurella C, Benedetto A, Biasibetti E, Bozzetta E. The Italian strategy to fight illegal treatment with growth promoters: Results of the 2017-2019 histological monitoring plan. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 10:9775. [PMID: 35127570 PMCID: PMC8764550 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Histological Control Plan has been introduced in Italy in 2008 as an indirect monitoring tool of illicit administration of sexual hormones and corticosteroids in bovine. Analysis of 2008-2016 results permitted to draw a new plan targeting risk category. This work presents the results of the histopathological monitoring plan that was carried out from 2017 to 2019. The overall prevalence of samples suspected of treatment with corticosteroid was 11.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6-17.8] in 2017; 10.2% (95% CI 6.6-16.9) in 2018 and 8.9% (95% CI 4.6-15.4) in 2019. The overall prevalence of samples suspected of treatment with sexual hormones was 2.3 % (95% CI 0.5-6.6) in 2017; 6.2% (95% CI 2.7-11.8) in 2018 and 12.4% (95% CI 7.4-19.1) in 2019. Although not targeting and measuring specific molecules, this strategy allows to verify the trend of illicit treatments and identify farms to be submitted to further check.
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21
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Zoccola R, Beltramo C, Magris G, Peletto S, Acutis P, Bozzetta E, Radovic S, Zappulla F, Porzio AM, Gennero MS, Dondo A, Pasqualini C, Griglio B, Ferrari A, Ru G, Goria M. First detection of an Italian human-to-cat outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant - lineage B.1.1.7. One Health 2021; 13:100295. [PMID: 34316508 PMCID: PMC8299139 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and their rapid spread pose a threat to both human and animal health and may conceal unknown risks. This report describes an Italian human-to-cat outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 (the Alpha variant) . On March 7th, 2021, approximately ten days after COVID-19 appeared in the family, the onset of respiratory signs in a cat by COVID-19-affected owners led to an in-depth diagnostic investigation, combining clinical and serological data with rt-qPCR-based virus detection and whole genome sequencing. The Alpha variant was confirmed first in the owners and a few days later in the cat that was then monitored weekly: the course was similar with one-week lag time in the cat. In addition, based on comparative analysis of genome sequences from our study and from 200 random Italian cases of Alpha variant, the familial cluster was confirmed. The temporal sequence along with the genomic data support a human-to-animal transmission. Such an event emphasizes the importance of studying the circulation and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans and animals to better understand and prevent potential spillover risks or unwarranted alerts involving our pet populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zoccola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Chiara Beltramo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magris
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine I-33100, Italy
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Udine I-33100, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Zappulla
- Regione Piemonte - Local Health Unit Novara - Department of Prevention, Health Service - Veterinary Services, Arona (No), I-28041, Italy
| | | | - Maria Silvia Gennero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Chiara Pasqualini
- Regione Piemonte - Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SEREMI), I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin I-10154, Italy
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22
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Benedetto A, Pezzolato M, Robotti E, Biasibetti E, Marengo E, Bozzetta E. Detection of dexamethasone administration in veal calves: transcriptional biomarkers validation in FFPE muscle samples. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Mugetti D, Varello K, Pastorino P, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Prearo M. Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Farm. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081014. [PMID: 34451479 PMCID: PMC8401025 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no available effective therapy or vaccine, a prompt search for routes of entry is key to limiting the damage induced by the disease. Here we report a case of mycobacteriosis follow up in a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farm located in Northern Italy, in which environmental samples and newly added fish batches were analyzed. Samples from fish present on the farm, sediment, and periphyton all resulted positive for M. marinum, whereas the new fish batches and the water samples resulted negative. The environmental resistance of NTM (alcohol-acid resistance, biofilm formation) and the lack of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies make these diseases difficult to manage. Prompt identification of biotic and abiotic reservoirs, combined with good zootechnical hygiene practices, are the most effective measures to control fish mycobacteriosis in intensive farms.
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Giorda F, Di Guardo G, Varello K, Pautasso A, Sierra E, Pintore MD, Grattarola C, Colella EM, Berio E, Goria M, Bozzetta E, Casalone C, Iulini B. Retrospective immunohistochemical investigation on dolphin morbillivirus infection by comparing the performance of heterologous monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:204-210. [PMID: 34297685 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) is a pathogen of great concern in free-ranging cetaceans. Confirmation and staging of morbillivirus infections rely on histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), following molecular detection. As at the present time no specific antibodies (Abs) against DMV are available, two heterologous Abs have been used worldwide for the examinations of morbillivirus infections of cetaceans. One is a monoclonal Ab (MoAb) prepared against the N protein of canine distemper virus (CDV), whereas the other is a polyclonal Ab raised in rabbits against rinderpest virus (RPV). Both Abs are known to show cross-reactivity with DMV. In this study we compared the labelling quality and the neuroanatomical distribution of staining with these two Abs by means of IHC analysis. To this end, serial sections of the target organs from ten free-ranging stranded cetaceans, previously diagnosed as being infected with DMV by PCR and/or serology, were subjected to IHC. The brain, lungs and lymph nodes of one animal were found to be positive with both Abs. From two other animals, the brain and the spleen, respectively, tested positive only with the polyclonal Ab. In the positive brain tissues, multifocal immunostaining was observed, with similar staining location and extent, with the two antibodies tested. Our results suggest that the polyclonal anti-RPV Ab might have a stronger binding activity to DMV than the anti-CDV MoAb. Nevertheless, the elaboration and use of specific anti-DMV Abs might be essential to guarantee conclusive results in diagnostic and pathogenetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giorda
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
- 2Institute of Animal Health, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Katia Varello
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pautasso
- 4Department of Prevention, Local Veterinary Services (ASL1 Imperiese), Bussana di Sanremo, Imperia, Italy
| | - Eva Sierra
- 2Institute of Animal Health, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Carla Grattarola
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Erika Molica Colella
- 6Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrica Berio
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
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25
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Biasibetti E, Pezzolato M, Brugiapaglia A, Biagini D, Lazzaroni C, Bellino C, D'angelo A, Bozzetta E. Thymus and meat physicochemical measurements to discriminate calves treated with anabolic and therapeutic doses of dexamethasone. Animal 2021; 15:100271. [PMID: 34153604 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To preserve the Europe consumers' health, the use of glucocorticoids as growth promoters is prohibited in cattle fattening. In 2008, the Italian Ministry of Health associated to the official control a national monitoring plan based on the histological thymus analysis to identify animals illegally treated with corticosteroids. However, since corticosteroids are authorized and widely used for therapeutic purposes, it is necessary to verify whether the thymus histological test and some physicochemical traits in meat are able to discriminate doped calves from dexamethasone therapeutic treated ones. The aims of this study were (i) to establish whether the therapeutic and illicit corticosteroid treatments of calves could be differentiated through histological evaluation of thymus and by physicochemical meat traits; (ii) to identify a restricted number of physicochemical traits that could differentiate dexamethasone treated from untreated calves. Three groups of 15 calves each were included in this study: group dexamethasone therapeutic treatment treated with dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt at a therapeutic dose (2 mg/kg of live weight for three consecutive days); group dexamethasone anabolic treatment orally treated with dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt according to a presumed anabolic protocol (0.4 mg/day per animal for 20 days); group placebo control treated with a placebo served as control. Results demonstrated that groups could be easily discriminated by thymus microscopy as well as by two meat markers, namely, cooking loss and shear firmness or Warner-Bratzler shear force. The combination of thymus microscopic features and meat physicochemical traits could be used as a practical, economic and accurate screening strategy to discriminate between meat from illegally and therapeutically treated calves. This new reliable and simple tool could contribute to identify animals treated with dexamethasone in those countries where glucocorticoids are illegally used as growth promoters. More in general, this system could be included in the framework of official controls, and applied to verify suppliers' reliability by the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Biasibetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - A Brugiapaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy.
| | - D Biagini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - C Lazzaroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - C Bellino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - A D'angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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26
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Stella R, Bovo D, Mastrorilli E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Biancotto G. Anabolic treatments in bovines: quantification of plasma protein markers of dexamethasone administration. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000238. [PMID: 34133848 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to profile plasma proteome responses in bulls experimentally treated with dexamethasone at anabolic dosage. Illicit use of active substances in animal husbandry remains a matter of concern in Europe. Corticosteroids are probably one of the most widespread growth promoter family illegally used in beef cattle and veal calves. Testing for corticosteroids relies on detection of drug residues or their metabolites in biological fluids or tissues. Their indirect detection by mapping altered physiological parameters may overcome limits linked to route of administration, dosage, biotransformation and elimination kinetics that can lower residual drug concentration, hampering official controls. A set of 11 proteins proposed in literature as potential markers of anabolic treatments with dexamethasone, was quantified in bovine plasma by targeted proteomics based on liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Among investigated proteins, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were found to be biomarkers of treatment. To investigate further such biomarkers, an additional group of veal calves was experimentally treated with dexamethasone at anabolic. These animals also demonstrated a significant alteration in SHBG, HRG and PON1 concentration, suggesting that quantification of plasma markers have the potential to detect animals illegally exposed to dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Davide Bovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Microbial Ecology Unit, Legnaro (PD), Italy.,Present address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, CIBA, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, CIBA, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Audino T, Grattarola C, Centelleghe C, Peletto S, Giorda F, Florio CL, Caramelli M, Bozzetta E, Mazzariol S, Di Guardo G, Lauriano G, Casalone C. SARS-CoV-2, a Threat to Marine Mammals? A Study from Italian Seawaters. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1663. [PMID: 34204885 PMCID: PMC8226612 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotically transmitted coronaviruses were responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the dramatic Coronavirus Disease-2019 (CoViD-19) pandemic, which affected public health, the economy, and society on a global scale. The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic permeated into our environment and wildlife as well; in particular, concern has been raised about the viral occurrence and persistence in aquatic and marine ecosystems. The discharge of untreated wastewaters carrying infectious SARS-CoV-2 into natural water systems that are home to sea mammals may have dramatic consequences on vulnerable species. The efficient transmission of coronaviruses raises questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. The main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), serving as a functional receptor for the viral spike (S) protein. This study aimed, through the comparative analysis of the ACE-2 receptor with the human one, at assessing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 for different species of marine mammals living in Italian waters. We also determined, by means of immunohistochemistry, ACE-2 receptor localization in the lung tissue from different cetacean species, in order to provide a preliminary characterization of ACE-2 expression in the marine mammal respiratory tracts. Furthermore, to evaluate if and how Italian wastewater management and coastal exposition to extreme weather events may led to susceptible marine mammal populations being exposed to SARS-CoV-2, geomapping data were carried out and overlapped. The results showed the potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure for marine mammals inhabiting Italian coastal waters, putting them at risk when swimming and feeding in specific risk areas. Thus, we highlighted the potential hazard of the reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with its impact on marine mammals regularly inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea, while also stressing the need for appropriate action in order to prevent further damage to specific vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Audino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Carla Grattarola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Federica Giorda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Caterina Lucia Florio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Caramelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Di Guardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18 Località Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Lauriano
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (T.A.); (C.G.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (C.L.F.); (M.C.); (E.B.)
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Guglielmetti C, Brusadore S, Sciuto S, Esposito G, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Mazza M. Wild or Farmed Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)? How To Distinguish between Them by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. J Food Prot 2021; 84:592-596. [PMID: 33211848 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Because the world's wild fish stocks are limited and the market demand is increasing, fish farming has become an alternative food source and a way to reduce costs for consumers. The sale of farmed as wild fish is a fraudulent practice; it is, therefore, important to find new and alternative tools that can help in the fight against fraud to protect consumers and to ensure food traceability. The proteomic profiles of farmed and wild fish differ. With this study we wanted to identify liver protein markers via two-dimensional electrophoresis that would allow us to distinguish wild from farmed gilthead seabream. The liver samples from 32 gilthead seabream, wild and farmed, were stored at -80°C before protein extraction. The samples were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis to detect qualitative and quantitative differences. Proteomic analysis showed a protein spot (molecular weight of ∼34 kDa and isoelectric point of ∼6.9) only in the samples from the wild gilthead seabream; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified the spot as ubiquitin. Ubiquitin could be a valid marker to differentiate wild from farmed gilthead seabream; it could be used to ensure continuous monitoring throughout the entire commercial chain and to fight commercial fraud. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-5230 [C.G.])
| | - Sonia Brusadore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT S.r.l., Spin-off dell'Università del Piemonte Orientale, and 5Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, 28100, Novara, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
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29
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Garzoli L, Bozzetta E, Varello K, Cappelleri A, Patriarca E, Debernardi P, Riccucci M, Boggero A, Girometta C, Picco AM. White-Nose Syndrome Confirmed in Italy: A Preliminary Assessment of Its Occurrence in Bat Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:192. [PMID: 33803110 PMCID: PMC8000523 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although no mass mortality has been recorded so far, the precise demographic effect of white-nose syndrome (WNS) on European bats still remains to be ascertained. Following the first isolation of P. destructans in Italy, further surveys were performed to assess the distribution of the fungus in NW Italy and its effects on bats. Data were collected from March 2019 to April 2020 at sites used for hibernation (six sites) and/or for reproduction (four sites) in Piedmont and Aosta Valley. A total of 138 bats, belonging to 10 species, were examined to identify clinical features possibly related to the fungal presence. Culture from swabs and the molecular identification of isolates confirmed the presence of P. destructans in bats from five sites, including two maternal roosts. Dermal fungal infiltration, the criterion to assess the presence of WNS, was observed in biopsies of bats belonging to Myotis blythii, M. daubentonii, M. emarginatus and M. myotis. This is the first report of the disease in Italy. The results suggest a greater susceptibility to the infection of the genus Myotis and particularly of M. emarginatus, possibly due to the long length of its hibernation period. Other fungal dermatophytes were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garzoli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (A.M.P.)
- S.Te.P. Stazione Teriologica Piemontese, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy; (E.P.); (P.D.)
- CNR-Water Research Institute (IRSA), 28922 Verbania, Italy;
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Department of Specialised Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (E.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Katia Varello
- Department of Specialised Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (E.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Patriarca
- S.Te.P. Stazione Teriologica Piemontese, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy; (E.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Paolo Debernardi
- S.Te.P. Stazione Teriologica Piemontese, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy; (E.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Marco Riccucci
- Zoological Section «La Specola», Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy;
| | - Angela Boggero
- CNR-Water Research Institute (IRSA), 28922 Verbania, Italy;
| | - Carolina Girometta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Picco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.G.); (A.M.P.)
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Pennisi F, Giraudo A, Cavallini N, Esposito G, Merlo G, Geobaldo F, Acutis PL, Pezzolato M, Savorani F, Bozzetta E. Differentiation between Fresh and Thawed Cephalopods Using NIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030528. [PMID: 33802548 PMCID: PMC7999131 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sale of frozen–thawed fish and fish products, labeled as fresh, is currently one of the most common and insidious commercial food frauds. For this reason, the demand of reliable tools to identify the storage conditions is increasing. The present study was performed on two species, commonly sold in large-scale distribution: Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and musky octopus (Eledone spp.). Fifty fresh cephalopod specimens were analyzed at refrigeration temperature (2 ± 2 °C), then frozen at −20 °C for 10 days and finally thawed and analyzed again. The performance of three near-infrared (NIR) instruments in identifying storage conditions were compared: The benchtop NIR Multi Purpose Analyzer (MPA) by Bruker, the portable MicroNIR by VIAVI and the handheld NIR SCiO by Consumer Physics. All collected spectra were processed and analyzed with chemometric methods. The SCiO data were also analyzed using the analytical tools available in the online application provided by the manufacturer to evaluate its performance. NIR spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics, allowed discriminating between fresh and thawed samples with high accuracy: Cuttlefish between 82.3–94.1%, musky octopus between 91.2–97.1%, global model between 86.8–95.6%. Results show how food frauds could be detected directly in the marketplace, through small, ultra-fast and simplified handheld devices, whereas official control laboratories could use benchtop analytical instruments, coupled with chemometric approaches, to develop accurate and validated methods, suitable for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pennisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (G.E.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Alessandro Giraudo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Nicola Cavallini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (G.E.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Gabriele Merlo
- Esselunga S.p.A, Via Giambologna 1, 20096 Limito di Pioltello, Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Geobaldo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (G.E.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (G.E.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-2686-254
| | - Francesco Savorani
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (F.P.); (G.E.); (P.L.A.); (E.B.)
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Stella R, Bovo D, Mastrorilli E, Manuali E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Lega F, Angeletti R, Biancotto G. A novel tool to screen for treatments with clenbuterol in bovine: Identification of two hepatic markers by metabolomics investigation. Food Chem 2021; 353:129366. [PMID: 33838430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of illegal use of growth promoters such as β2-agonists in food producing animals rely on the detection of drug residues by LC-MS/MS. Screening strategies focusing on indirect physiological responses following administration of active compounds are promising approaches to strengthen existing targeted methods and ensure food safety. A metabolomics analysis based on LC-HRMS was carried out on liver extracts from bulls experimentally treated with clenbuterol combined with dexamethasone (n = 8) to mimic a potential anabolic practice, and control animals (n = 8). Nicotinic acid and 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine were identified as biomarkers of treatment. Ratio values of such markers to others of the same metabolic pathways (nicotinamide or methionine) were used to develop a classification model to assign animals as treated with clenbuterol or non-treated. The classification model was tested on an external validation set comprising 74 animals either treated with different anabolic compounds (β2-agonists, sexual steroids, corticosteroid), or non-treated, showing 100% sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Davide Bovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Food Safety, Legnaro (PD), Italy; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Lega
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Roberto Angeletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Chemistry, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Poli F, Marino IAM, Santon M, Bozzetta E, Pellizzato G, Zane L, Rasotto MB. Spatial asymmetry of the paternity success in nests of a fish with alternative reproductive tactics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3091. [PMID: 33542278 PMCID: PMC7862370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Guard-sneaker tactics are widespread among fish, where territorial males defend a nest and provide parental care while sneakers try to steal fertilizations. Territorials and sneakers adopt diverse pre- and post-mating strategies, adjusting their ejaculate investment and/or behavioural responses to the presence of competitors. The relative distance of competitors from the spawning female plays a major role in influencing male mating strategies and the resulting paternity share. However, territorial male quality and sneaking intensity do not fully account for the variability in the relative siring success occurring among species. An often neglected factor potentially affecting sneakers proximity to females is the nest structure. We conducted a field experiment using the black goby, whose nests show two openings of different size. We found that territorial males defend more and sneaking pressure is higher at the front, larger access of the nest than at the back, smaller one. Moreover, microsatellite paternity analysis shows that territorials sire more offspring at the back of their nest. Such a predictable spatial distribution of the paternity share suggests that nest structure might work as an indirect cue of male relative siring success, potentially influencing the territorial male investment in parental care and/or the female egg deposition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - I A M Marino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - M Santon
- Institute for Evolution and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Bozzetta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - G Pellizzato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - L Zane
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - M B Rasotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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Pastorino P, Colussi S, Pizzul E, Varello K, Menconi V, Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Esposito G, Bertoli M, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Acutis PL, Prearo M. The unusual isolation of carnobacteria in eyes of healthy salmonids in high-mountain lakes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2314. [PMID: 33504925 PMCID: PMC7840770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnobacteria are common bacteria in cold and temperate environments; they are also reported during fish mortality events. In a previous study, carnobacteria were isolated from the eyes of healthy wild salmonids from a high-mountain lake. To better understand these findings, salmonids were captured from three high-mountain lakes (Lower and Upper Balma Lake, Rouen Lake; northwest Italy) during August 2019 and subjected to bacteriological and histological examination. Although all were healthy, 8.7% (Lower Balma Lake), 24% (Upper Balma Lake), and 32.6% (Rouen Lake) were positive for carnobacteria colonization of the eyes. A Trojan-horse effect was hypothesized to explain carnobacteria isolation in the eye. This immune-escaping macrophage-mediated mechanism has been identified in other Gram-positive bacteria. Biochemical, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on isolated bacteria (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and C. divergens). Based on previous references for carnobacteria isolated from fish, C. maltaromaticum strains were tested for the pisA precursor gene of the bacteriocin piscicolin 126. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains were found to display genotypic heterogeneity and a low percentage of pisA positive amplification. Features of geomorphology, geographic isolation, and microbiota common to the three lakes are thought to be possibly related to our findings. Moreover, terrestrial insects collected from the lake shoreline and the stomach contents were screened for the presence of carnobacteria. The salmonids in these high-mountain environments feed mainly on terrestrial insects, which are considered possible vectors for carnobacteria that might catabolize the exoskeleton chitin. All insects tested negative for carnobacteria, but as a small number of samples were analyzed, their role as possible vectors of infection cannot be excluded. Further studies are needed to corroborate our research hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Colussi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Mugetti
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Tomasoni
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
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Ingravalle F, Ceballos LA, D'Errico V, Mirabelli D, Capella S, Belluso E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Di Blasio A, Meistro S, Vizio C, Fraccaro E, Ardizzone M, Seghesio A, Ru G. Wild rats as urban detectives for latent sources of asbestos contamination. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:138925. [PMID: 32371204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on a large body of evidence asbestos minerals have been classified as carcinogens. Despite the Italian ban on asbestos in 1992 and the subsequent remediation activities, latent sources of contamination may still represent a hazard where asbestos were particularly used. Using wild rats as sentinel animals, this study aimed at uncovering sites with the greatest potential for non-occupational exposure to asbestos in the city of Casale Monferrato (Piedmont Region, Italy), where the largest Italian manufacturing plant of asbestos-cement had been active. During the study period (2013-2015) a total of 40 wild rats were captured from 16 sampling capture points. The lungs of wild rats have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM-EDS detected the presence of asbestos fibers (tremolite/actinolite, amosite, and chrysotile) in rats' lungs from 11 sampling points. The hypothetical rats' home-range and the observed site-specific concentration of asbestos fibers per gram of dry lung tissue were used to identify areas to be targeted by additional search of latent sources of asbestos. In conclusion, our results showed that the use of wild rats as sentinel animals may effectively integrate the strategies currently in use to reduce the exposure to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L A Ceballos
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| | - V D'Errico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; SC Sanità animale, ASL TO5, Turin, Italy
| | - D Mirabelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy
| | - S Capella
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra and Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio degli Amianti e di altri Particolati Nocivi "G. Scansetti", Turin, Italy
| | - E Belluso
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra and Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio degli Amianti e di altri Particolati Nocivi "G. Scansetti", Turin, Italy
| | - M Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - A Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - A Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - S Meistro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - C Vizio
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy; Cella Monte, Alessandria, Italy
| | - E Fraccaro
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy
| | - M Ardizzone
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - A Seghesio
- Presidio Multizonale di Profilassi e Polizia Veterinaria di Alessandria ed Asti, Alessandria, Italy
| | - G Ru
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Sebastianelli M, Forte C, Galarini R, Gobbi M, Pistidda E, Moncada C, Cannizzo FT, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Cenci-Goga BT, Manuali E. LC-MS/MS analyses of bile and histological analyses of thymus as diagnostic tools to detect low dose dexamethasone illicit treatment in beef cattle at slaughterhouse. Steroids 2020; 160:108671. [PMID: 32464136 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DXM) is a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties used for therapeutic purposes in a wide range of pathologies and of the most common corticosteroids used for anabolic purposes in beef cattle. It is proven that DXM induces histological changes, traceable as increasing fatty infiltration of the thymus associated with a concurrent decrease of the cortex-medulla ratio, so the histological examination of the thymus gland has been established as an indirect morphological biomarker. The aim of the present study is to compare thymus histology and DXM concentrations in biological fluids collected at slaughterhouse after 1 month of DXM treatment. Our findings demonstrate that a low dosage of DXM administered to 12 months-old-Chianina beef cattle induces severe thymic atrophy with concurrent reduction of the cortex/medulla ratio, demonstrable even when DXM residues are not found in serum and urine samples. It is worth to note that, at the slaughterhouse, DXM residues are detectable in bile samples, indicating the ability of this biological fluid to bio-concentrate the administered drug if compared to serum and urine. Therefore, bile could be candidates as new liquid matrix for the screening programs planned to contrast the illegal use of anabolic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sebastianelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pistidda
- Igiene degli allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Umbria 1, 06121 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Moncada
- Igiene degli allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Umbria 1, 06121 - Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 - Torino, Italy.
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 - Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
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Battistini R, Varello K, Listorti V, Zambon M, Arcangeli G, Bozzetta E, Francese DR, Ercolini C, Serracca L. Microbiological and Histological Analysis for the Evaluation of Farmed Mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) Health Status, in Coastal Areas of Italy. Pathogens 2020; 9:E395. [PMID: 32455535 PMCID: PMC7281438 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shellfish farming is a relevant economic activity in Italy. The Gulf of La Spezia is one of the major production areas for mussels: the area is characterized by the presence of numerous human activities that could harm the quality of seawater. Additionally, the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms may influence the health status of animals, which must be constantly monitored. To have a clear view of the health conditions of the mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed in this area, microbiological, parasitological, and histological analyses were performed. The study was conducted from November 2016 to October 2017. Overall, despite the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms for mussels, abnormal mortality rates were not reported during the monitoring period and the histological examination revealed no significant lesions. Our study confirms that studying different aspects together is a useful tool for assessing the health conditions of mussels and points out the importance of adverse environmental conditions for the expression of the pathogenicity of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Battistini
- Department of La Spezia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 19100 La Spezia, Italy; (V.L.); (C.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Katia Varello
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (K.V.); (E.B.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Valeria Listorti
- Department of La Spezia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 19100 La Spezia, Italy; (V.L.); (C.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Michela Zambon
- National Reference Centre for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Arcangeli
- National Reference Centre for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (K.V.); (E.B.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Danila Raffaella Francese
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (K.V.); (E.B.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Carlo Ercolini
- Department of La Spezia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 19100 La Spezia, Italy; (V.L.); (C.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Serracca
- Department of La Spezia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 19100 La Spezia, Italy; (V.L.); (C.E.); (L.S.)
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Benedetto A, Pezzolato M, Beltramo C, Audino V, Ingravalle F, Pillitteri C, Foschini S, Peletto S, Bozzetta E. Real-time PCR assay for detecting illicit steroid administration in veal calves allows reliable biomarker profiling of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival tissue samples. Food Chem 2020; 312:126061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pezzolato M, Baioni E, Maurella C, Varello K, Meistro S, Balsano A, Bozzetta E. Distinguishing between Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Smoked Salmon: Histology To Detect Food Adulteration in High-Value Products. J Food Prot 2020; 83:52-53. [PMID: 31825675 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The issue of food safety has acquired increased importance, and fraud is a major concern for the food industry. Among different types of food adulteration, there is the sale of frozen-thawed smoked salmon product as fresh, which not only decreases the quality of products but also misleads consumers and may involve associated health risks. In response to this problem, we tested the performance of histology to identify smoked salmon as fresh or frozen-thawed as a valid analytical method, so food business operators and official controllers can reliably and correctly classify the storage state of the product. Three groups of samples were prepared: group A (n = 36), fresh samples; group B (n = 36), frozen at -18°C for 30 days; and group C (n = 36), stored at -3°C for 30 days after packaging. Two histopathologists examined all samples in blind evaluations and classified them as fresh or frozen-thawed. Sensitivity, specificity, and interrater agreement were calculated. Results show high performance with the test: 80.6% sensitivity (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 64 to 91.8%); 95.6% specificity (95% CI: 89.1 to 98.8%); and Cohen's kappa was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.98%). Histology is a reliable and highly accurate method to differentiate fresh from frozen-thawed smoked salmon and could be used by the industry and official controllers to verify the labeling of the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-9016 [M.P.])
| | - Elisa Baioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-9016 [M.P.])
| | - Cristiana Maurella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-9016 [M.P.])
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-9016 [M.P.])
| | - Serena Meistro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-9016 [M.P.])
| | | | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-9016 [M.P.])
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Di Blasio A, Dondo A, Varello K, Bozzetta E, Oddono L, Zanet S, Ferroglio E, Zoppi S. Bovine Besnoitiosis: A Case in a Native Animal in North-West Italy. J Comp Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zetterberg H, Bozzetta E, Favole A, Corona C, Cavarretta MC, Ingravalle F, Blennow K, Pocchiari M, Meloni D. Neurofilaments in blood is a new promising preclinical biomarker for the screening of natural scrapie in sheep. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226697. [PMID: 31856243 PMCID: PMC6922435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats belonging to the group of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy or prion diseases. The EU has adopted mandatory measures for scrapie surveillance to safeguard public and animal health because it is highly contagious and might decimate all genetic susceptible animals in affected flocks. Definite diagnosis of scrapie relies on the detection of the pathological prion protein in brain tissues and there are still no blood biomarkers available for making diagnosis in living animals that can be used for the screening of sheep in scrapie-affected flocks. Neurofilament light (NfL) protein, a valid biomarker for neuronal and axonal damages, can now be easily measured in blood by the ultra-sensitive single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Recent work reported that serum NfL is increased in neurodegenerative diseases, including human prion diseases, but no data are available for scrapie or other animal prion diseases. Here, we found that the median serum NfL concentration in scrapie animals (56.2, IQR 42.2–84.8, n = 9) was more than 15 times higher (p = 0.00084) than that found in control samples (3.4, IQR 3.0–26.3, n = 11). Moreover, serum NfL concentration in scrapie sheep with clinical signs (n = 2; 75.3, 15.7 pg/ml) did not significantly (p = 0.541; t-test) differ from scrapie animals without clinical signs (n = 7; 61.0, 10.7 pg/ml). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis estimated the cut-off value of 31 pg/ml serum NfL for distinguishing scrapie-infected sheep from controls. The application of this cut-off value gives an accuracy of the test of 95% (percent error of 5.23%). These data indicate that the Simoa test for serum NfL might be a useful screening method for detecting preclinical scrapie in living sheep. Finally, the preliminary data reported here need confirmation in large and more structured studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Favole
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Pitardi D, Meloni D, Olivo F, Loprevite D, Cavarretta MC, Behnisch P, Brouwer A, Felzel E, Ingravalle F, Capra P, Gili M, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E. GR CALUX assay detects synthetic glucocorticoids in calf urine: a validation study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:413-423. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1568584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Pitardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Olivo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Loprevite
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria C. Cavarretta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emiel Felzel
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Capra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Gili
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
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Burioli EAV, Varello K, Lavazza A, Bozzetta E, Prearo M, Houssin M. A novel divergent group of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μVar variants associated with a mortality event in Pacific oyster spat in Normandy (France) in 2016. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1759-1769. [PMID: 30151980 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The acute course of disease in young oysters infected by OsHV-1 and the rapid tissue degradation often preclude histological examination of specimens collected during outbreaks in field. Herein, live spat originated from two geographical areas were sampled just at the onset of a mortality event that occurred in Normandy (France) in June 2016. The lesions, associated with high OsHV-1 DNA quantities, were characterized by severe and diffuse haemocytosis mainly involving blast-like cells, myocyte degeneration and large, irregularly shaped degenerate eosinophilic cells in the connective tissue. The herpesvirus was identified by negative staining TEM and real-time PCR. Sequencing of the C region and ORFs 42/43 confirmed that the variants met the definition of OsHV-1 μVar. We sequenced 30 other ORFs in twenty OsHV-1-positive individuals and compared them to the μVar specimens isolated between 2009 and 2011. The ORFs encoding putative membrane proteins showed the highest number of variations. Seven different genotypes were identified, confirming the presence of relevant genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence for a well-separated μVar new group, with an evolutionary divergence estimated at 0.0013 from the other μVar variants. The geographical distribution of these newly described variants and their effective virulence should be investigated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A V Burioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maryline Houssin
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR BOREA MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Caen, France
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Verna F, Giorda F, Miceli I, Rizzo G, Pautasso A, Romano A, Iulini B, Pintore MD, Mignone W, Grattarola C, Bozzetta E, Varello K, Dondo A, Casalone C, Goria M. Corrigendum to "Detection of morbillivirus infection by RT-PCR RFLP analysis in cetaceans and carnivores" [Journal of Virological Methods 247 (2017) 22-27]. J Virol Methods 2018; 262:89. [PMID: 30342751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Verna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Giorda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; Institute for Animal Health and Food Security (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ilaria Miceli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rizzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pautasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Romano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Pintore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Walter Mignone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Imperia, Italy
| | - Carla Grattarola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
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44
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Zanardello C, Pezzolato M, Capello K, Botta M, Baioni E, Mutinelli F, Vascellari M, Bozzetta E. Immunohistochemistry by anti-cleaved-Lamin A: an improved approach to tackle the misuse of glucocorticoids in cattle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2120-2127. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1503422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zanardello
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Histopathology Department CIBA (National reference centre for biological screening of anabolic substances on producing animal), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Capello
- Epidemiology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Botta
- Histopathology Department CIBA (National reference centre for biological screening of anabolic substances on producing animal), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Baioni
- Histopathology Department CIBA (National reference centre for biological screening of anabolic substances on producing animal), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Histopathology Department CIBA (National reference centre for biological screening of anabolic substances on producing animal), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Torino, Italy
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45
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Dervilly-Pinel G, Royer AL, Bozzetta E, Pezzolato M, Herpin L, Prevost S, Le Bizec B. When LC-HRMS metabolomics gets ISO17025 accredited and ready for official controls – application to the screening of forbidden compounds in livestock. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1948-1958. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1496280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Lise Royer
- Laberca, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Loïc Herpin
- Laberca, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | | | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laberca, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
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46
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Razzuoli E, Vencia W, Fedele V, Mignone G, Lazzara F, Rubini D, Vito G, Porcario C, Bozzetta E, Ferrari A. Evaluation and validation of an alternative method to detect Campylobacter spp. in dairy products. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 7:7180. [PMID: 30046558 PMCID: PMC6036990 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2018.7180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods implicated in human campylobacteriosis include raw or undercooked poultry and raw dairy products. Because Campylobacter spp. are the most frequently reported cause of bacterial infection in the European Union and because conventional methods are cumbersome, rapid methods for Campylobacter detection and quantification in food are needed. With this study we sought to validate, according to the standard procedure (UNI EN ISO 16140:2003), an alternative to the reference analytical method (UNI EN ISO 10272-1:2006) for official controls of Campylobacter spp. in raw milk and dairy products. Milk samples collected from 16 milk vending machines located throughout the Genoa metropolitan area were analyzed using two different methods, an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) and a real-time PCR assay, and evaluated in parallel against the reference method. In addition, a total of 460 samples of raw milk collected from milk vending machines were analyzed by ELFA. Results obtained with ELFA showed it was compliant with UNI EN ISO 10272-1:2006 criteria and that the immunoassay had 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Regarding samples of milk vending machines, 5.0% (23/460) tested positive at ELFA screening and were subsequently confirmed as C. jejuni. Validation according to UNI EN ISO 16140:2003 of the ELFA method suggests it may be a useful alternative to conventional methods for detecting Campylobacter spp. in official controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Vencia
- Food Control Laboratory, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
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47
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Dowgier G, Lahoreau J, Lanave G, Losurdo M, Varello K, Lucente MS, Ventriglia G, Bozzetta E, Martella V, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Sequential circulation of canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 in captive wild carnivores, France. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:67-73. [PMID: 29981710 PMCID: PMC7172945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) were found to circulate sequentially in captive wild carnivores in France. CAdV-1 caused the death of a Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus) with gross lesions and histopathological changes compatible with infectious canine hepatitis. CAdV-2 was subsequently found to circulate subclinically in other carnivores of the same zoological park. Analysis of the full-length genome of the wolf CAdV-1 strain showed a high genetic relatedness with an Italian strain detected in the same species. Future studies are needed to assess the CAdV ecology in endangered wild carnivores.
Scarce data are currently available about the ecology of canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) in wild carnivores. In this paper, the consecutive circulation of CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 in wild carnivores maintained in a French zoological park is reported. A fatal CAdV-1 infection was observed in a Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus), which displayed gross lesions, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical findings suggestive of CAdV-1 infection. The virus was isolated on cell cultures and its genome was determined through next-generation sequencing, resulting genetically related to a recent Italian CAdV-1 strain detected in an Italian wolf. Subsequently, subclinical circulation of CAdV-2 was demonstrated by molecular methods in wild carnivores maintained in the same zoological park, some of which had been previously vaccinated with a CAdV-2 vaccine. Virus detection at a long distance from vaccination and by unvaccinated animals was suggestive of infection by a CAdV-2 field strain, although no data are available about the extent and duration of shedding of CAdV-2 modified-live virus in wild or domestic carnivores. The present paper provides new insights into the CAdV ecology in wildlife, although future studies are needed to fully understand the pathogenic potential of both CAdVs especially in endangered carnivore species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dowgier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ventriglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Razzuoli E, Mignone G, Lazzara F, Vencia W, Ferraris M, Masiello L, Vivaldi B, Ferrari A, Bozzetta E, Amadori M. Impact of cadmium exposure on swine enterocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018; 287:92-99. [PMID: 29421334 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested cadmium (Cd2+) effects on porcine IPEC-J2 cells, which represent an in vitro model of the interaction between intestinal cells and both infectious and non-infectious stressors. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of low (2 μM) to moderate (20 μM) concentrations of Cd2+, in terms of pro-inflammatory gene expression and protein release, as well as of infectivity in a Salmonella typhimurium penetration model. Our data showed a significant (P < .001) increase of intracellular Cd2+ after 3, 6 and 24 h of exposure with respect to levels at 1 h. These data showed the ability of IPEC-J2 to absorb Cd2+ as a function of both time and concentration. Also, the absorption of this heavy metal was related to a significant modulation of important pro-inflammatory messengers. In particular, down-regulation of IL-8 was associated with a significant decrease of Salmonella typhimurium ability to penetrate into IPEC-J2 cells, in agreement with a previous study in which an anti-IL 8 antibody could significantly inhibit Salmonella penetration into the same cells (Razzuoli et al., 2017). This finding demonstrates the ability of Cd2+ to affect the outcome of an important host-pathogen relationship. In conclusion, our study highlighted the ability of an environmental pollutant like Cd2+ to modulate innate immune responses in terms of chemokine release and gene expression, and susceptibility to microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy.
| | - G Mignone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - F Lazzara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - W Vencia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - M Ferraris
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - L Masiello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - B Vivaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - A Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - M Amadori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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49
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Burioli EAV, Varello K, Trancart S, Bozzetta E, Gorla A, Prearo M, Houssin M. First description of a mortality event in adult Pacific oysters in Italy associated with infection by a Tenacibaculum soleae strain. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:215-221. [PMID: 28836671 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Summer mortality episodes in adult Pacific oysters have been described since the 1950s in various farming areas. Starting in 2012, a recrudescence of mortalities in commercial-sized oysters was first observed in France and then in Italy, with seasonality extension and translation later in the year. Moribund individuals collected during an event in Italy in December 2014 showed yellowish lesions of the mantle and adductor muscle. Histological examination revealed filamentous bacteria associated with necrotic areas. Quantitative PCRs targeting OsHV-1 and Vibrio aestuarianus detected only high loads of the pathogenic bacteria in tissues of symptomatic individuals. A lower diversity of the hemolymph microbiota was also evidenced in moribund individuals, with a predominance of Vibrio and Arcobacter species. A strain of Flavobacteriaceae was isolated from all the symptomatic individuals. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strain as Tenacibaculum soleae. When strain pathogenicity was tested by injection in adult individuals, it induced mortality rates of up to 45%, even in the absence of V. aestuarianus. As mortality occurred only 11 days post-infection, further investigation is needed to determine its effective virulence in natural conditions. This is the first description of a Tenacibaculum strain associated with bivalve mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A V Burioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - S Trancart
- Laboratoire LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Saint Contest, France
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - A Gorla
- Compagnia Ostricola Mediterranea, San Teodoro (OT), Italy
| | - M Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - M Houssin
- Laboratoire LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Saint Contest, France
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Mazza M, Pezzolato M, Guglielmetti C, Brusadore S, Botta M, Meistro S, Ingravalle F, Baioni E, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a valid plasma marker to detect illicit treatment with dexamethasone in veal calves. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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