1
|
Komatsuya K, Iguchi T, Fukuyama M, Kawashima I, Ogura K, Kikuchi N, Shimoda Y, Takeda Y, Shimonaka M, Yamamoto N, Sugiura N, Maeda N, Kasahara K. Phosphacan acts as a repulsive cue for cerebellar granule cells in a TAG-1/GD3 raft-dependent manner. J Neurochem 2022; 163:375-390. [PMID: 36227633 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphacan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is a repulsive cue of cerebellar granule cells. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored neural adhesion molecule TAG-1 is a binding partner of phosphacan, suggesting that the repulsive effect of phosphacan is possibly due to its interaction with TAG-1. The repulsive effect was greatly reduced on primary cerebellar granule cells of TAG-1-deficient mice. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the direct interaction of TAG-1 with chondroitin sulfate C. On postnatal days 1, 4, 7, 11, 15, and 20 and in adulthood, phosphacan was present in the molecular layer and internal granular layer, but not in the external granular layer. In contrast, transient TAG-1 expression was observed exclusively within the premigratory zone of the external granular layer on postnatal days 1, 4, 7, and 11. Boyden chamber cell migration assay demonstrated that phosphacan exerted its repulsive effect on the spontaneous and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced migration of cerebellar granule cells. The BDNF-induced migration was inhibited by MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor. The pretreatment with a raft-disrupting agent, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, also inhibited the BDNF-induced migration, suggesting that lipid rafts are involved in the migration of cerebellar granule cells. In primary cerebellar granule cells obtained on postnatal day 7 and cultured for 7 days, the ganglioside GD3 and TAG-1 preferentially localized in the cell body, whereas the ganglioside GD1b and NB-3 localized in not only the cell body but also neurites. Pretreatment with the anti-GD3 antibody R24, but not the anti-GD1b antibody GGR12, inhibited the spontaneous and BDNF-induced migration, and attenuated BDNF-induced Akt activation. These findings suggest that phosphacan is responsible for the repulsion of TAG-1-expressing cerebellar granule cells via GD3 rafts to attenuate BDNF-induced migration signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Komatsuya
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ogura
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihito Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimoda
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Naomasa Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sugiura
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Maeda
- Neural Network Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Kasahara
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inaba R, Kawashima I, Fujii T, Yumura T, Imoto H, Naka K. Cover Feature: Systematic Study on the Catalytic Arsa‐Wittig Reaction (Chem. Eur. J. 59/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoto Inaba
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of, Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of, Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of, Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology Graduate School of, Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of, Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of, Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Efficient catalytic arsa-Wittig reactions have been developed by using 1-phenylarsolane as a catalyst. A wide array of aldehydes was converted to the corresponding olefins in high yields with moderate to excellent E stereoselectivity in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1-phenylarsolane. Moreover, density functional theory calculations were carried out to afford insight into the E/Z selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoto Inaba
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawashima I, Imoto H, Ishida M, Furuta H, Yamamoto S, Mitsuishi M, Tanaka S, Fujii T, Naka K. Dibenzoarsepins: Planarization of 8π‐Electron System in the Lowest Singlet Excited State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Masaya Mitsuishi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kawashima I, Imoto H, Ishida M, Furuta H, Yamamoto S, Mitsuishi M, Tanaka S, Fujii T, Naka K. Dibenzoarsepins: Planarization of 8π‐Electron System in the Lowest Singlet Excited State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11686-11690. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Masaya Mitsuishi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Imoto H, Urushizaki A, Kawashima I, Naka K. Cover Feature: Peraryl Arsoles: Practical Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Solid-State Emission Behaviors (Chem. Eur. J. 35/2018). Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Aya Urushizaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Imoto H, Urushizaki A, Kawashima I, Naka K. Peraryl Arsoles: Practical Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Solid-State Emission Behaviors. Chemistry 2018; 24:8797-8803. [PMID: 29719074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,5-Tetraaryl-1-phenylarsoles were synthesized by utilizing safely generated diiodophenylarsine and zirconacyclopentadienes. The obtained peraryl arsoles showed aggregation-induced emission (AIE), where intense emission was observed in the solid states (quantum yields up to 0.61), whereas the corresponding solutions were very weakly emissive. The optical and electronic properties were examined by experimental and computational methods. It was elucidated that the aryl groups at the 2,5-positions affected the frontier orbitals and the aromaticity of the arsole core. On the other hand, those at the 1,3,5-positions were perpendicular to the luminophore and effective for a restriction of aggregation-caused quenching. Because the lone pair of the arsenic atom has a sufficient coordination ability due to the low aromaticity of the arsole moiety, a gold(I) chloride complex of 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylarsole was synthesized. The complex formation caused a blue shift of the emission from the bare ligand. Interestingly, the complex showed luminescent mechanochromism; grinding the crystals with a blue emission (λem =445 nm) gave amorphous samples with a greenish-blue emission (λem =496 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Aya Urushizaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kodama T, Tsukimura T, Kawashima I, Sato A, Sakuraba H, Togawa T. Differences in cleavage of globotriaosylceramide and its derivatives accumulated in organs of young Fabry mice following enzyme replacement therapy. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:116-120. [PMID: 27756537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Fabry disease, large amounts of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and related glycosphingolipids accumulate in organs due to a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (GLA) activity. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant GLA is now available, and it has been reported that ERT is beneficial for patients with Fabry disease, especially those who start treatment at an early stage of the disease. However, it seems that the efficacy of ERT differs with each organ, and Gb3 accumulated in the kidneys shows resistance to ERT when it is started at a late stage. In this study, we examined the differences in cleavage of Gb3 isoforms, and lyso-Gb3 and its analogues in the kidneys, liver, and heart in young Fabry mice subjected to ERT. The results revealed that recurrent administration of recombinant GLA had prominent effects in terms of degradation of Gb3 and its derivatives accumulated in the organs. However, particular Gb3 isoforms, i.e., Gb3 (C20:0) and Gb3 (C24OH), accumulated in the kidneys largely escaped from degradation. Such Gb3 isoforms may gradually accumulate in the kidneys from a young age, which results in a reduction in the efficacy of ERT for Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kodama
- Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sato
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Togawa
- Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakano S, Morizane Y, Makisaka N, Suzuki T, Togawa T, Tsukimura T, Kawashima I, Sakuraba H, Shibasaki F. Development of a highly sensitive immuno-PCR assay for the measurement of α-galactosidase A protein levels in serum and plasma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78588. [PMID: 24236025 PMCID: PMC3827252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked genetic disorder caused by defects in the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene, and heterogeneous mutations lead to quantitative and/or qualitative defects in GLA protein in male patients with Fabry disease. Random X-chromosomal inactivation modifies the clinical and biochemical features of female patients with Fabry disease. Functional polymorphisms have been frequently reported in recent times, and these increase the difficulty of understanding the pathogenetic basis of the disease. To date, GLA protein level has been measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, ELISA is not highly sensitive due to the high background noise. In this paper, we introduce a novel application of the immuno-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (termed Multiple Simultaneous Tag [MUSTag]) for measurement of the GLA protein level in blood samples. We compared the sensitivities of the MUSTag method with plates or magnetic beads with those of ELISA for recombinant human GLA and found that the apparent maximal sensitivity was higher for the former than for the latter. We then measured the GLA concentrations in serum and plasma from male patients with classic Fabry disease (Male Fabry), females with Fabry disease (Female Fabry), male subjects harboring the functional polymorphism p.E66Q (E66Q), and control (Control) subjects. Our results revealed that compared to the MUSTag plate and ELISA, the MUSTag beads assay afforded a clearer estimation of the GLA protein levels in the serum and plasma with minimal or no background noise, although all the methods could differentiate between the Male Fabry, E66Q, and Control groups. The Female Fabry group showed characteristic heterogeneity, which was consistent with the X-linked inheritance. This novel method is expected to be useful for the sensitive determination of GLA level in blood and elucidation of the pathogenetic basis of Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Nakano
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ; Synthera Technologies Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Togawa T, Tsukimura T, Kodama T, Tanaka T, Kawashima I, Saito S, Ohno K, Fukushige T, Kanekura T, Satomura A, Kang DH, Lee BH, Yoo HW, Doi K, Noiri E, Sakuraba H. Fabry disease: biochemical, pathological and structural studies of the α-galactosidase A with E66Q amino acid substitution. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:615-20. [PMID: 22305854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, male subjects harboring the c.196G>C nucleotide change which leads to the E66Q enzyme having low α-galactosidase A (GLA) activity have been identified at an unexpectedly high frequency on Japanese and Korean screening for Fabry disease involving dry blood spots and plasma/serum samples. Individuals with the E66Q enzyme have been suspected to have the later-onset Fabry disease phenotype leading to renal and cardiac disease. However, there has been no convincing evidence for this. To determine whether c.196G>C (E66Q) is disease-causing or not, we performed biochemical, pathological and structural studies. It was predicted that the E66Q amino acid substitution causes a small conformational change on the molecular surface of GLA, which leads to instability of the enzyme protein. However, biochemical studies revealed that subjects harboring the E66Q enzyme exhibited relatively high residual enzyme activity in white blood cells, and that there was no accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in cultured fibroblasts or an increased level of plasma globotriaosylsphingosine in these subjects. An electron microscopic examination did not reveal any pathological changes specific to Fabry disease in biopsied skin tissues from a male subject with the E66Q enzyme. These results strongly suggest that the c.196G>C is not a pathogenic mutation but is a functional polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayasu Togawa
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsukimura T, Kawashima I, Togawa T, Kodama T, Suzuki T, Watanabe T, Chiba Y, Jigami Y, Fukushige T, Kanekura T, Sakuraba H. Efficient uptake of recombinant α-galactosidase A produced with a gene-manipulated yeast by Fabry mice kidneys. Mol Med 2012; 18:76-82. [PMID: 22033676 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To economically produce recombinant human α-galactosidase A (GLA) with a cell culture system that does not require bovine serum, we chose methylotrophic yeast cells with the OCH1 gene, which encodes α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, deleted and over-expressing the Mnn4p (MNN4) gene, which encodes a positive regulator of mannosylphosphate transferase, as a host cell line. The enzyme (yr-hGLA) produced with the gene-manipulated yeast cells has almost the same enzymological parameters as those of the recombinant human GLA produced with cultured human fibroblasts (agalsidase alfa), which is currently used for enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease. However, the basic structures of their sugar chains are quite different. yr-hGLA has a high content of phosphorylated N-glycans and is well incorporated into the kidneys, the main target organ in Fabry disease, where it cleaves the accumulated glycosphingolipids. A glycoprotein production system involving this gene-manipulated yeast cell line will be useful for the development of a new enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kodama T, Togawa T, Tsukimura T, Kawashima I, Matsuoka K, Kitakaze K, Tsuji D, Itoh K, Ishida YI, Suzuki M, Suzuki T, Sakuraba H. Lyso-GM2 ganglioside: a possible biomarker of Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29074. [PMID: 22205997 PMCID: PMC3243693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To find a new biomarker of Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease. The lyso-GM2 ganglioside (lyso-GM2) levels in the brain and plasma in Sandhoff mice were measured by means of high performance liquid chromatography and the effect of a modified hexosaminidase (Hex) B exhibiting Hex A-like activity was examined. Then, the lyso-GM2 concentrations in human plasma samples were determined. The lyso-GM2 levels in the brain and plasma in Sandhoff mice were apparently increased compared with those in wild-type mice, and they decreased on intracerebroventricular administration of the modified Hex B. The lyso-GM2 levels in plasma of patients with Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease were increased, and the increase in lyso-GM2 was associated with a decrease in Hex A activity. Lyso-GM2 is expected to be a potential biomarker of Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kodama
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Togawa
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuoka
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yo-ichi Ishida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsuji D, Akeboshi H, Matsuoka K, Yasuoka H, Miyasaki E, Kasahara Y, Kawashima I, Chiba Y, Jigami Y, Taki T, Sakuraba H, Itoh K. Highly phosphomannosylated enzyme replacement therapy for GM2 gangliosidosis. Ann Neurol 2010; 69:691-701. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Togawa T, Kawashima I, Kodama T, Tsukimura T, Suzuki T, Fukushige T, Kanekura T, Sakuraba H. Tissue and plasma globotriaosylsphingosine could be a biomarker for assessing enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:716-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Tajima Y, Kawashima I, Tsukimura T, Sugawara K, Kuroda M, Suzuki T, Togawa T, Chiba Y, Jigami Y, Ohno K, Fukushige T, Kanekura T, Itoh K, Ohashi T, Sakuraba H. Use of a modified alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase in the development of enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:569-80. [PMID: 19853240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (NAGA) with alpha-galactosidase A (GLA)-like substrate specificity was designed on the basis of structural studies and was produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The enzyme acquired the ability to catalyze the degradation of 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. It retained the original NAGA's stability in plasma and N-glycans containing many mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues, which are advantageous for uptake by cells via M6P receptors. There was no immunological cross-reactivity between the modified NAGA and GLA, and the modified NAGA did not react to serum from a patient with Fabry disease recurrently treated with a recombinant GLA. The enzyme cleaved globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulated in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with Fabry disease. Furthermore, like recombinant GLA proteins presently used for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Fabry disease, the enzyme intravenously injected into Fabry model mice prevented Gb3 storage in the liver, kidneys, and heart and improved the pathological changes in these organs. Because this modified NAGA is hardly expected to cause an allergic reaction in Fabry disease patients, it is highly promising as a new and safe enzyme for ERT for Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Tajima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sugawara K, Tajima Y, Kawashima I, Tsukimura T, Saito S, Ohno K, Iwamoto K, Kobayashi T, Itoh K, Sakuraba H. Molecular interaction of imino sugars with human alpha-galactosidase: Insight into the mechanism of complex formation and pharmacological chaperone action in Fabry disease. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 96:233-8. [PMID: 19181556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme enhancement therapy (EET) for Fabry disease involving imino sugars has been developed and attracted interest. It is thought that imino sugars act as pharmacological chaperones for wild-type and mutant alpha-galactosidases (GLAs) in cells, but the mechanisms underlying the molecular interactions between the imino sugars and the enzyme have not been clarified yet. We examined various kinds of imino sugars and found that galactostatin bisulfite (GBS) inhibited GLA in vitro and increased the enzyme activity in cultured Fabry fibroblasts as in the case of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (DGJ). Then, we analyzed the molecular interactions between the imino sugars and recombinant human GLA by means of isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance biosensor assays, and first determined the thermodynamic and binding-kinetics parameters of imino sugar and GLA complex formation. The results revealed that DGJ bound to the enzyme more strongly than GBS, the binding of DGJ to the enzyme protein being enthalpy-driven. In the case of GBS, the reaction was mainly enthalpy-driven, but there was a possibility that entropy-driven factors were involved in the binding. Structural analysis in silico revealed that both the chemicals fit into the active-site pocket and undergo hydrogen bonding with residues comprising the active-site pocket including the catalytic ones. The side chain of GBS was oriented towards the entrance of the active-site pocket, and thus it could be in contact with residues comprising the wall of the active-site pocket. Thermodynamic, kinetic and structural studies should provide us with a lot of information for improving EET for Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sugawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsukimura T, Tajima Y, Kawashima I, Fukushige T, Kanzaki T, Kanekura T, Ikekita M, Sugawara K, Suzuki T, Togawa T, Sakuraba H. Uptake of a recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase (laronidase) by cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1691-5. [PMID: 18758061 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine the uptake of a recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase (laronidase) by cultured fibroblasts from a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) and its effect on the cleavage of accumulated substrates, we performed enzymological, Western blotting, immunocytochemical and morphological studies. Laronidase was incorporated into the MPS I cells dose-dependently mainly via mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptors. Then the incorporated enzyme was transported to lysosomes and processed to the mature form, the pathological changes of the cells being improved. Furthermore, we compared the uptake of laronidase by cultured mouse osteoblasts with that by cultured mouse fibroblasts. The enzyme was incorporated into the cultured mouse osteoblasts mainly via M6P receptors, although mannose (Man) receptors were partially involved in the uptake of the enzyme, as in the cultured fibroblasts. But the uptake by the former was apparently lower than that by the latter. The administration of a high dose of the enzyme or development of a recombinant alpha-L-iduronidase containing many M6P residues is required for further improvement of enzyme replacement therapy for skeletal disorders caused by MPS I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yoshimizu M, Tajima Y, Matsuzawa F, Aikawa SI, Iwamoto K, Kobayashi T, Edmunds T, Fujishima K, Tsuji D, Itoh K, Ikekita M, Kawashima I, Sugawara K, Ohyanagi N, Suzuki T, Togawa T, Ohno K, Sakuraba H. Binding parameters and thermodynamics of the interaction of imino sugars with a recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (alglucosidase alfa): insight into the complex formation mechanism. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 391:68-73. [PMID: 18328816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, enzyme enhancement therapy (EET) for Pompe disease involving imino sugars, which act as potential inhibitors of acid alpha-glucosidases in vitro, to improve the stability and/or transportation of mutant acid alpha-glucosidases in cells was studied and attracted interest. However, the mechanism underlying the molecular interaction between the imino sugars and the enzyme has not been clarified yet. METHODS We examined the inhibitory and binding effects of four imino sugars on a recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase, alglucosidase alfa, by means of inhibition assaying and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Furthermore, we built structural models of complexes of the catalytic domain of the enzyme with the imino sugars bound to its active site by homology modeling, and examined the molecular interaction between them. RESULTS All of the imino sugars examined exhibited a competitive inhibitory action against the enzyme, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) exhibiting the strongest action among them. ITC revealed that one compound molecule binds to one enzyme molecule and that DNJ most strongly binds to the enzyme among them. Structural analysis revealed that the active site of the enzyme is almost completely occupied by DNJ. CONCLUSION These biochemical and structural analyses increased our understanding of the molecular interaction between a human acid alpha-glucosidase and imino sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiru Yoshimizu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ariga T, Suetake K, Nakane M, Kubota M, Usuki S, Kawashima I, Yu RK. Glycosphingolipid antigens in neural tumor cell lines and anti-glycosphingolipid antibodies in sera of patients with neural tumors. Neurosignals 2008; 16:226-34. [PMID: 18253060 DOI: 10.1159/000111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize biomarkers in neural tumors, we analyzed the acidic lipid fractions of 13 neural tumor cell lines using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostaining. Sulfated glucuronosyl glycosphingolipids (SGGLs) are cell surface molecules that are endowed with the Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope. These glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were expressed in all cell lines with concentrations ranging from 210 to 330 ng per 2 x 10(6) cells. Sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) was the prominent species with lesser amounts of sulfoglucuronosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside (SGLPG) in these tumor cell lines as assessed by quantitative HPTLC immunostaining. Among the gangliosides surveyed, GD3 and 9-O-acetylated GD3 (OAc-GD3) were expressed in all tumor cell lines. In contrast, fucosyl-GM1 was not found to restrict to small cell lung carcinoma cells. In addition, we have analyzed serum antibody titers against SGPG, GD3, and OAc-GD3 in patients with neural tumors by ELISA and HPTLC immunostaining. All sera had high titers of antibodies of the IgM isotype against SGPG (titers over 1:3,200), especially in tumors such as meningiomas, germinomas, orbital tumors, glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, and subependymomas. Serum in a patient with subependymomas also had a high anti-SGGL antibody titer of the IgG and IgA types (titers over 12,800). The titer of anti-GD3 antibody was also elevated in patients with subependymomas and medulloblastomas; the latter cases also had a high titer of antibody against OAc-GD3. Our data indicate that certain GSL antigens, especially SGGLs, GD3, and OAc-GD3, are expressed in neural tumor cells and may be considered as tumor-associated antigens that represent important biomarkers for neural tumors. Furthermore, antibody titers in sera of patients with these tumors may be of diagnostic value for monitoring the presence of tumor cells and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berzins DW, Kawashima I, Graves R, Sarkar NK. Heat treatment effects on electrochemical corrosion parameters of high-Pd alloys. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19:335-41. [PMID: 17597363 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This research determined the effect oxidation, as that occurs during porcelain firing, has upon the corrosion parameters of Pd-based ceramic alloys and how it may relate to Pd allergy. The 20 h open circuit potential (OCP), 20 h corrosion rate (Icorr), and anodic polarization (E-i) curves of 11 commercial Pd alloys were measured in a phosphate buffered saline solution. The alloys were divided into the following four groups based upon composition: PdGa(Ag), PdCu, PdAg, and AuPd and tested in both as-cast and oxidized conditions. In both the as-cast and oxidized conditions, the OCP of Ag-containing Pd alloys is significantly lower than non Ag-containing high-Pd alloys. The OCP of all alloys increased after oxidation. With regard to corrosion rate, the Ag-containing alloys showed a decrease in Icorr with oxidation. In contrast, three of the four non Ag-containing high-Pd (>or=74 wt%) alloys exhibited a higher Icorr. A comparison of the anodic polarization curves showed only the alloys containing larger amounts (>or=16 wt%) of Ag displayed a notable difference between as-cast and oxidized states. Oxidation as required during porcelain-fused-to-metal device preparation alters the electrochemical characteristics of the alloys studied. This alteration may be of importance with regard to their potential for Pd allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Berzins
- Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, 113A Wehr Physics Building, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Akeboshi H, Chiba Y, Kasahara Y, Takashiba M, Takaoka Y, Ohsawa M, Tajima Y, Kawashima I, Tsuji D, Itoh K, Sakuraba H, Jigami Y. Production of recombinant beta-hexosaminidase A, a potential enzyme for replacement therapy for Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4805-12. [PMID: 17557860 PMCID: PMC1951009 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00463-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human beta-hexosaminidase A (HexA) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of alpha- and beta-subunits that degrades GM2 gangliosides in lysosomes. GM2 gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease in which an inherited deficiency of HexA causes the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides. In order to prepare a large amount of HexA for a treatment based on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), recombinant HexA was produced in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta instead of in mammalian cells, which are commonly used to produce recombinant enzymes for ERT. The problem of antigenicity due to differences in N-glycan structures between mammalian and yeast glycoproteins was potentially resolved by using alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase-deficient (och1Delta) yeast as the host. Genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of HexA were integrated into the yeast cell, and the heterodimer was expressed together with its isozymes HexS (alphaalpha) and HexB (betabeta). A total of 57 mg of beta-hexosaminidase isozymes, of which 13 mg was HexA (alphabeta), was produced per liter of medium. HexA was purified with immobilized metal affinity column for the His tag attached to the beta-subunit. The purified HexA was treated with alpha-mannosidase to expose mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) residues on the N-glycans. The specific activities of HexA and M6P-exposed HexA (M6PHexA) for the artificial substrate 4MU-GlcNAc were 1.2 +/- 0.1 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/h/mg, respectively. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern suggested a C-terminal truncation in the beta-subunit of the recombinant protein. M6PHexA was incorporated dose dependently into GM2 gangliosidosis patient-derived fibroblasts via M6P receptors on the cell surface, and degradation of accumulated GM2 ganglioside was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Akeboshi
- Research Center for Glycoscience, AIST Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kawashima I, Ohsawa M, Fukushige T, Nagayama Y, Niida Y, Kotani M, Tajima Y, Kanekura T, Kanzaki T, Sakuraba H. Cytochemical analysis of storage materials in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with I-cell disease. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 378:142-6. [PMID: 17204262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cultured fibroblasts from I-cell disease patients the transport of many lysosomal enzymes is defective, and affected cells contain inclusion bodies filled with undegraded substrates. However, the contents of these inclusion bodies have not been well characterized yet. We attempted to identify accumulated substances in cultured I-cell disease fibroblasts cytochemically. METHODS Cultured fibroblasts from I-cell disease patients were double-stained with a monoclonal antibody to lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) and that to GM2 ganglioside, or a series of lectins that specifically bind to sugar moieties. RESULTS The patients' cells were granularly stained with the antibody to GM2 ganglioside and the lectins including Maakia amurensis, Datura stramonium, and concanavalin A. Their localization was coincident with that of LAMP-1. CONCLUSIONS GM2 ganglioside and various kinds of glycoconjugates having sialic acidalpha2-3galactose, galactosebeta1-4N-acetylglucosamine and mannose residues accumulate in enlarged lysosomes in I-cell disease fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Asada Y, Fuji H, Numano M, Saida T, Kawashima I, Toi A, Yamashita H, Urakabe E, Murayama S. 2716. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Kawashima I, Takeuchi I, Ohsawa M, Kotani M, Tajima Y, Inomata T, Izumi T, Sakuraba H. Phospholipid storage in the myocardium of a unique Japanese case of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 372:154-7. [PMID: 16753138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A unique adult male patient who developed cardiomyopathy was first suspected to have cardiac Fabry disease based on the pathological findings in heart tissues obtained on biopsy, but the alpha-galactosidase activity in his leukocytes was normal and no mutation was detected in the coding region of the alpha-galactosidase gene. We identified accumulated materials in the myocardium of this patient. METHODS Pathological and biochemical analyses were performed using the autopsied heart tissues as samples. RESULTS Although numerous lamellar and concentric inclusion bodies were ultrastructurally found in the autopsied myocardium, the alpha-galactosidase activity in the heart tissues was not decreased. Lipid analysis revealed the accumulation of phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol, but not globotriaosylcereamide or gangliosides. CONCLUSIONS We found that a large amount of phospholipids accumulated in the myocardium of a patient with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, and electron microscopic findings of lamellar and concentric inclusion bodies in cardiomyocytes. A cardiac phospholipid storage disorder should be considered as an important candidate disease on differential diagnosis of myocardiac disorders including cardiac Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sakuraba H, Chiba Y, Kotani M, Kawashima I, Ohsawa M, Tajima Y, Takaoka Y, Jigami Y, Takahashi H, Hirai Y, Shimada T, Hashimoto Y, Ishii K, Kobayashi T, Watabe K, Fukushige T, Kanzaki T. Corrective effect on Fabry mice of yeast recombinant human α-galactosidase with N-linked sugar chains suitable for lysosomal delivery. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:341-352. [PMID: 16532254 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the production of a recombinant alpha-galactosidase with engineered N-linked sugar chains facilitating uptake and transport to lysosomes in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant. In this study, we improved the purification procedure, allowing us to obtain a large amount of highly purified enzyme protein with mannose-6-phosphate residues at the non-reducing ends of sugar chains. The products were incorporated into cultured fibroblasts derived from a patient with Fabry disease via mannose-6-phosphate receptors. The ceramide trihexoside (CTH) accumulated in lysosomes was cleaved dose-dependently, and the disappearance of deposited CTH was maintained for at least 7 days after administration. We next examined the effect of the recombinant alpha-galactosidase on Fabry mice. Repeated intravascular administration of the enzyme led to successful degradation of CTH accumulated in the liver, kidneys, heart, and spleen. However, cleavage of the accumulated CTH in the dorsal root ganglia was insufficient. As the culture of yeast cells is easy and economical, and does not require fetal calf serum, the recombinant alpha-galactosidase produced in yeast cells is highly promising as an enzyme source for enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kotani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Mai Ohsawa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Hon-machi, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Youichi Tajima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Yuki Takaoka
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Jigami
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishii
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, 183-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukushige
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kanzaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sakuraba H, Murata-Ohsawa M, Kawashima I, Tajima Y, Kotani M, Ohshima T, Chiba Y, Takashiba M, Jigami Y, Fukushige T, Kanzaki T, Itoh K. Comparison of the effects of agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta on cultured human Fabry fibroblasts and Fabry mice. J Hum Genet 2005; 51:180-188. [PMID: 16372133 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-005-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared two recombinant alpha-galactosidases developed for enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease, agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta, as to specific alpha-galactosidase activity, stability in plasma, mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residue content, and effects on cultured human Fabry fibroblasts and Fabry mice. The specific enzyme activities of agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta were 1.70 and 3.24 mmol h(-1) mg protein(-1), respectively, and there was no difference in stability in plasma between them. The M6P content of agalsidase beta (3.6 mol/mol protein) was higher than that of agalsidase alfa (1.3 mol/mol protein). The administration of both enzymes resulted in marked increases in alpha-galactosidase activity in cultured human Fabry fibroblasts, and Fabry mouse kidneys, heart, spleen and liver. However, the increase in enzyme activity in cultured fibroblasts, kidneys, heart and spleen was higher when agalsidase beta was used. An immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the incorporated recombinant enzyme degraded the globotriaosyl ceramide accumulated in cultured Fabry fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner, with the effect being maintained for at least 7 days. Repeated administration of agalsidase beta apparently decreased the number of accumulated lamellar inclusion bodies in renal tubular cells of Fabry mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan.
| | - Mai Murata-Ohsawa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Youichi Tajima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kotani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8613, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurology, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minako Takashiba
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Jigami
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukushige
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kanzaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng X, Zhang Y, Kotani N, Watanabe T, Lee S, Wang X, Kawashima I, Tai T, Taniguchi N, Honke K. Production of a recombinant single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibody against sulfoglycolipid. J Biochem 2005; 137:415-21. [PMID: 15809345 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvi045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sulfoglycolipids are comprised of two major classes of compounds, sulfatide (SO(3)-3Gal-ceramide) and seminolipid (SO(3)-3Gal-alkylacylglycerol). Sulfatide is present in relatively high levels in myelin, and seminolipid is present in testis. The sulfation of these sulfoglycolipids is catalyzed by a common enzyme, cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST). Disruption of the Cst gene in mice revealed that sulfatide and seminolipid are essential for, respectively, myelin formation and spermatogenesis. The present study describes the generation of a recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against sulfoglycolipid, for use in the functional analysis of sulfoglycolipids in living cells. A positive hybridoma producing anti-sulfoglycolipid IgG3, referred to as DI8, was initially obtained by immunizing CST-null mice with an isolated sulfatide. The DI8 monoclonal antibody was found to bind specifically to sulfoglycolipids with the terminal 3-O-sulfated galactose structure, as evidenced by ELISA and thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining. The antibody stained seminolipid on the cell surface of spermatogenic cells of wild-type testis, but it did not react with any cells in the seminiferous tubules of CST-null testis. Total RNA was extracted from this hybridoma, and cDNAs that encode the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of IgG3 were obtained by RT-PCR. These DNA fragments were linked through a DNA linker coding (Gly(4)Ser)(3), and the recombinant scFv fragment was then inserted into a phagemid vector pCANTAB 5E. The scFv antibody that was displayed at the tip of the M13 phage in the form of a g3p fusion protein bound to sulfatide. Furthermore, a soluble form of the scFv antibody was also found to bind to the sulfoglycolipids in ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka 565-0871
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
This study characterized the interactions of mineral trioxide aggregate with a synthetic tissue fluid composed of a neutral phosphate buffer saline solution and root canal dentin in extracted human teeth using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Mineral trioxide aggregate exposed to synthetic tissue fluid at 37 degrees C released its metallic constituents and produced precipitates with a composition and structure similar to that of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2-HA]. Endodontically prepared teeth filled with mineral trioxide aggregate and stored in synthetic tissue fluid at 37 degrees C for 2 months produced at the dentin wall an adherent interfacial layer that resembled hydroxyapatite in composition. The authors conclude that Ca, the dominant ion released from mineral trioxide aggregate, reacts with phosphates in synthetic tissue fluid, yielding hydroxyapatite. The dentin-mineral trioxide aggregate interfacial layer results from a similar reaction. The sealing ability, biocompatibility, and dentinogenic activity of mineral trioxide aggregate is attributed to these physicochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Sarkar
- Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials Department, LSU, School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Ave, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iijima M, Brantley WA, Kawashima I, Ohno H, Guo W, Yonekura Y, Mizoguchi I. Micro-X-ray diffraction observation of nickel–titanium orthodontic wires in simulated oral environment. Biomaterials 2004; 25:171-6. [PMID: 14580920 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A micro-X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD) technique has been employed to determine the phases in two superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires that exhibit shape memory in the oral environment and one superelastic nickel-titanium wire that does not exhibit shape memory in vivo. The micro-XRD analyses were performed over the clinically relevant temperature range of 0-55 degrees C, which corresponds to the ingestion of cold and hot liquids, and both straight and bent (135 degrees ) test samples were analyzed. The results showed that for straight (as-received) test samples, the rhombohedral phase (R-phase) was definitely present in one shape memory wire product and perhaps in the other shape memory wire product, but was apparently absent in the superelastic wire product that did not display shape memory. Martensite was observed in all three wire products after bending. Phase transformations occurred with temperature changes simulating the oral environment for straight test samples of the two shape memory wires, but the micro-XRD pattern changed minimally with temperature for straight test samples of the superelastic wire and for bent test samples of all three wire products. The phase transformations revealed by micro-XRD were consistent with results recently found by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Iijima
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kawashima I, Yoshida Y, Taya C, Shitara H, Yonekawa H, Karasuyama H, Tada N, Furukawa K, Tai T. Expansion of natural killer cells in mice transgenic for IgM antibody to ganglioside GD2: demonstration of prolonged survival after challenge with syngeneic tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2003; 23:381-8. [PMID: 12851687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IgM antibodies to gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, have been shown to mediate anti-tumor effects in cancer patients with melanoma and neuroblastoma and to correlate with survival. Mechanisms by which the antibodies induce tumor suppression, however, have not been systematically studied. To investigate this point, we produced and characterized C57BL/6 mice transgenic for IgM antibody to ganglioside GD2. The transgenic (TG) mice showed high IgM, but not IgG antibody titers against GD2 in their sera. No significant clinical symptoms were observed. When EL4 cells, syngeneic T lymphoma that express ganglioside GD2, were injected into TG mice, prolonged survival was observed. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of EL4 cells was mediated with TG mice sera. Neither antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity with their sera nor cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity to EL4 cells was shown in TG mice. Spleen lymphocytes from TG mice had increased numbers of natural killer (NK) cells, but not T cells, B cells, or macrophages compared with wild-type mice. Depletion of NK cells with anti-asialo GM1 rabbit serum reduced or abrogated the observed anti-tumor effects, suggesting that NK cells play a major role in tumor eradication or suppression. NK cell activity in TG mice was much higher than wild-type mice. Moreover, TG mice showed prolonged survival after injection with syngeneic B16 melanoma cells, which express GM3, but not GD2 or GD3. Taking these results together, our studies demonstrate that the TG mice have significant anti-tumor characteristics, probably due to CDC and NK cell expansion and activation with anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Complement System Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Gangliosides/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/mortality
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kawashima I, Yoshida Y, Taya C, Shitara H, Yonekawa H, Karasuyama H, Tada N, Furukawa K, Tai T. Expansion of natural killer cells in mice transgenic for IgM antibody to ganglioside GD2: demonstration of prolonged survival after challenge with syngeneic tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2003. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.23.2.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
32
|
Iijima M, Ohno H, Kawashima I, Endo K, Brantley WA, Mizoguchi I. Micro X-ray diffraction study of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires at different temperatures and stresses. Biomaterials 2002; 23:1769-74. [PMID: 11950047 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phase transformation behavior in three commercial nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having different transformation temperatures was studied by micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD). Micro-XRD spectra were obtained at three different included bending angles (135 degrees, 146 degrees and 157 degrees) and three different temperatures (25 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 60 degrees C). The regions analyzed by micro-XRD were within the separate areas of a given wire specimen that experienced only tensile or compressive strain. The intensity ratio (M002/A110) between the 002 peak for martensitic NiTi and the 110 peak for austenitic NiTi was employed as the index to the proportions of the martensite and austenite phases. The ratio of martensite to austenite increased in all three nickel-titanium wires with decreasing included bending angle (greater permanent bending deformation), and was lower within the compression area for all wires at all bending angles than within the tension area. Micro-XRD provides an effective method for quantitative evaluation of the proportions of these two phases in nickel-titanium orthodontic wires, even though considerable preferred crystallographic orientation exists because of the wire drawing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Iijima
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iijima M, Ohno H, Kawashima I, Endo K, Mizoguchi I. Mechanical behavior at different temperatures and stresses for superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having different transformation temperatures. Dent Mater 2002; 18:88-93. [PMID: 11740969 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(01)00025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires under controlled stress and temperature. METHODS Three different superelastic nickel-titanium wires were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), three-point bending test and micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD). The three-point bending test was carried out at constant temperature (23, 37 and 60 degrees C) and stepwise temperature changes (37-60 degrees C and to 37 degrees C) (37-2 degrees C and to 37 degrees C). Five specimens of each wire were tested. Micro-XRD spectra were measured at the tension side of the wire when the temperature changed from 37 to 60 degrees C or 2 degrees C. RESULTS The load during the stepwise temperature changes (37-2 degrees C and to 37 degrees C) was consistent with that measured at a corresponding constant temperature. The micro XRD spectrum clearly showed that the austenite phase was transformed to martensite phase when the temperature is decreased from 37 to 2 degrees C. In a stepwise temperature change (37-60 degrees C and to 37 degrees C), the load became higher than the original load at each corresponding constant temperature. However, there was no detectable change in the micro-XRD spectrum when the temperature was increased from 37 to 60 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE The superelastic nickel-titanium wires exhibited complicated and unexpected mechanical properties under stepwise temperature change. This study shows the possibility of qualitative analysis using micro-XRD to understand mechanical properties of these nickel-titanium wires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Iijima
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757, Ishikari-Tobetsu, 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Sun P, Al-Qamari A, Tai T, Kawashima I, Paller AS. Carbohydrate-carbohydrate binding of ganglioside to integrin alpha(5) modulates alpha(5)beta(1) function. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:8436-44. [PMID: 11118433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006097200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides GT1b and GD3, components of keratinocyte membranes, inhibit keratinocyte adhesion to fibronectin. Although ganglioside sialylation is known to be important, the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. Using purified insect recombinant alpha(5) and beta(1) proteins and alpha(5)beta(1) integrin from lysed keratinocyte-derived SCC12 cells, we have shown that GT1b and GD3 inhibit the binding of alpha(5)beta(1) to fibronectin. Co-immunoprecipitation of GT1b and alpha(5)beta(1) from SCC12 cells and direct binding of GT1b and GD3 to affinity-purified alpha(5)beta(1) from SCC12 cells and insect recombinant alpha(5)beta(1), particularly the alpha(5) subunit, further suggest interaction between ganglioside and alpha(5)beta(1). The carbohydrate moieties of integrin appear to be critical since gangliosides are unable to bind deglycosylated forms of alpha(5)beta(1) from SCC12 and insect cells or poorly glycosylated recombinant alpha(5)beta(1) from Escherichia coli cells. The GT1b-alpha(5)beta(1) interaction is inhibited by concanavalin A, suggesting that GT1b binds to mannose structures in alpha(5)beta(1). The preferential binding of GT1b to high mannose rather than reduced mannose ovalbumin further implicates the binding of GT1b to mannose structures. These data provide evidence that highly sialylated gangliosides regulate alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to fibronectin through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between GT1b and the alpha(5) subunit of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ohno H, Endo K, Yamane Y, Kawashima I. XPS study on the weakest zone in the adhesion structure between resin containing 4-META and precious metal alloys treated with different surface modification methods. Dent Mater J 2001; 20:90-102. [PMID: 11441491 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.20.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three precious metal alloys, Type IV gold alloy, 14 K gold alloy, and silver-based alloy, were treated with different surface modifications including a metal primer (VBATDT) application, a SiOx coating method, high-temperature oxidation, modification method with a liquid Ga-Sn alloy, and tin electroplating. Then thin PMMA films were bonded with a resin containing 4-META. Water durability at the adhesion interface was evaluated after water immersion, followed by thermal cycling used liquid nitrogen. The weakest zone at the interface was investigated using XPS only for the Ag-Pd alloy specimens that had been surface-treated with as-polishing, adhesive primer, and the SiOx coating method, since peeling of the PMMA film on the surface of specimens surface-treated by other methods was not observed. Metal elements were detected from the resin side at the adhesion interface. The chemical states of Cu in the resin before argon ion etching were characterized as metal oxides and/or states of chemical interaction with 4-META, VBATDT, or SiOx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ohno
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido School of Dentistry, Kanazawa 1757, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
We experienced a double infection of tuberculosis and amebiasis of the liver. A 28 year old male with AIDS was admitted to our hospital because of severe diarrhea and liver abscess by Entamoeba histolytica. In spite of improvement of the diarrhea and liver abscess by the therapy against E. historicica, serum levels of gamma-GTP and ALP remained high and hepatosplenomegaly gradually increased. A liver biopsy was performed. Pathology showed a granulomatous lesion with Langhans' giant cells. From this specimen, IS6110 gene, a specific DNA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by PCR method. After anti-tuberculosis treatment was given for 6 months the increased serum gamma-GTP, ALP decreased and hepatosplenomegaly diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the Pd-Cu-based dental ceramic alloys possess any electrochemical characteristics distinguishable from that of other Pd-containing alloys. Of all Pd-containing alloys, this particular alloy group has been linked to frequent incidence of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions. Electrochemical corrosion may instigate these reactions. METHODS Four groups of alloys, Pd-Cu, Pd-Ga-(with and without Ag), Pd-Ag, and Au-Pd, were evaluated by traditional corrosion measurement techniques in a phosphated buffer saline solution at 20 degrees C. The electrochemical characteristics measured were: (1) 20 h open circuit potential (OCP); (2) 20 h corrosion rate (Icorr); and (3) anodic polarization (E-i) curves. RESULTS The OCP values (232 +/- 25 mV) of the Ag-free Pd-Ga and Pd-Cu-based alloys were higher than and distinctly different from that (144 +/- 52 mV) of the Ag-containing alloys. The Icorr values of different alloys, despite varied compositions, were indistinguishable from one another. The E-i curves of all alloys were essentially similar, with the Ag-containing (> 5 wt%) alloys showing a subtle difference in their anodic slope within 100 mV above their corrosion potentials. SIGNIFICANCE The OCP values of Pd-Cu alloys and the Ag-free Pd-Ga alloy are comparable to that reported for pure Pd (239 +/- 21 mV), which indicates that during corrosion these alloys undergo dealloying and consequent Pd-enrichment on their surface. Such a condition is conducive to the release of allergenic Pd++ ions and offers a plausible explanation for the frequent incidence of hypersensitivity reactions associated with the Pd-Cu alloys. The OCP values in other alloys are attributed to dealloying followed by surface enrichment with Ag and/or Au and the possible formation of an insoluble AgCl surface film on the respective alloy surfaces. These events have the potential to suppress or prevent Pd++ ion release. Alloys showing these characteristics have seldom been linked to allergic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Berzins
- School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University, 1100 Florida Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to characterize the age-hardening behavior of AgMn alloys modified with Au or Pd. These alloys are being studied as possible alternatives to Type III dental alloys. METHODS The age-hardening reactions in Ag-37 at % Mn alloys with 5 at% Au or Pd were investigated by optical microscopy, electrical resistivity, X-ray diffraction and hardness tests. RESULTS Optical microscopy showed no grain boundary precipitates formed after overaging. The maximum hardness reached by aging in all alloys is about 260 (Hv) and identical to that of traditional AgPdCu dental alloys. The precipitation reactions were retarded with the addition of 5 at% Au or Pd. X-ray diffraction studies suggest a fine precipitate, alpha-Mn, is dispersed within the grain interior. The activation energy for the precipitation reaction is 114 kJ/mol for the AgMn and AgMnAu alloys. This value is about one-half of the activation energy for volume diffusion of manganese in AgMn alloys. SIGNIFICANCE The age-hardenable AgMn-based alloys modified with Au or Pd can achieve hardness values comparable to those of traditional AgPdCu alloys. Provided the in vivo corrosion resistance of these alloys is adequate, they show promise as a Cu-free alternative material for cast restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kawashima I, Ohno H, Sachdeva R. Relationship between Af temperature and load changes in Ni-Ti orthodontic wire under different thermomechanical conditions. Dent Mater J 1999; 18:403-12. [PMID: 10786161 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.18.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple three point bending tests were performed on Ni-Ti wires with three different Af points (1 degree C, 13 degrees C and 34 degrees C) to clarify the relationship between Af temperature and load changes under constant deformation. Each wire was deformed at 37 degrees C and then thermal changes were imposed by temperatures of 2 degrees C or 60 degrees C. The load changes with thermal changes from 37 degrees C to 2 degrees C or 60 degrees C showed the same tendency on the wires with different Af points: In the loading stage, the load became lower than the initial level at 37 degrees C and in the unloading stage, the load became higher than the initial load. The largest load change in the unloading stage was measured with the 13 degrees C Af point wire. Care must be taken when handling Ni-Ti wire with an Af point of less than 1 degree C in order to prevent it from reaching the limit of critical stress of slip deformation when the temperature in the mouth rises to above 40 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kojima T, Tachibana H, Haneda N, Kawashima I, Sharpe P. Uncertainty estimation in 60Co gamma-ray dosimetry at JAERI involving a two-way dose intercomparison study with NPL in the dose range 1–50 kGy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(98)00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Kawashima I, Obana M. [Clostridium perfringens food poisoning]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1999:470-2. [PMID: 10088447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kawashima I, Obana M. [Bacillus cereus food poisoning]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1999:463-5. [PMID: 10088445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kawashima I, Tsai V, Southwood S, Takesako K, Sette A, Celis E. Identification of HLA-A3-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from carcinoembryonic antigen and HER-2/neu by primary in vitro immunization with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:431-5. [PMID: 9927058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and HER-2/neu are potential target antigens for CTL specific immunotherapy for common malignancies such as breast, lung, colon, and gastric carcinomas. Several CTL epitopes restricted by HLA-A2, the most common human histocompatibility molecule, have been previously reported. However, to develop CTL-based immunotherapies for the general population, it is necessary to identify epitopes restricted by other common histocompatibility alleles. Here, we describe two HLA-A3-restricted CTL epitopes from the CEA and HER-2/neu antigens. HLA-A3 binding synthetic peptides from CEA and HER-2/neu were tested for immunogenicity by in vitro primary CTL induction protocol using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal healthy volunteers. One peptide from CEA (CEA[9(61)]: HLFGYSWYK) and one peptide from HER-2/neu (HER2[9(754)]: VLRENTSPK) were shown to induce CTL that was capable of killing a tumor cell line expressing HLA-A3 and the corresponding tumor-associated antigen. Additional MHC binding studies with the most common HLA molecules belonging to the HLA-A3 superfamily (HLA-A*1101, -A*3101, -A*3301, and -A*6801), demonstrated that CEA[9(61)] binds five of five A3 supertype molecules with high affinity, and the HER2[9(754)] epitope was able to bind to four of the same five alleles. These results indicate that these two new CTL epitopes should be immunogenic in individuals expressing either HLA-A3, or other members of the HLA-A3 superfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd., Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Tai
- Department of Tumor Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| | - Masaharu Kotani
- Department of Tumor Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Department of Tumor Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ohno H, Endo K, Yamane Y, Kawashima I. Adhesion of adhesive resin to dental precious metal alloys. Part II. The relationship between surface structure of Au-In alloys and adhesive ability with 4-META resin. Dent Mater J 1998; 17:285-93. [PMID: 10219142 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.17.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of 4-META to Au-In alloy was improved by adding In equivalent to .15% of Au content. On the basis of the results of Au-In alloys analyzed by XPS, the present study investigated the reason why adhesion of the Au-In alloy was improved. The O 1s spectrum could be separated into three oxygen chemical states, In2O3, chemisorbed H2O, and physisorbed H2O. The amount of chemisorbed H2O decreased remarkably with increasing amount of In. It is considered that the poor adhesive ability of the pure gold and alloys containing only small amounts of In was due to the chemisorbed H2O molecules and insufficient indium oxide on the alloy surface. It was established that excellent adhesion requires an oxide with chemical affinity for 4-META to cover at least 50% of the alloy surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ohno
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, School of Dentistry, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kawashima I, Tsai V, Southwood S, Takesako K, Celis E, Sette A. Identification of gp100-derived, melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes restricted by HLA-A3 supertype molecules by primary in vitro immunization with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Int J Cancer 1998; 78:518-24. [PMID: 9797143 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19981109)78:4<518::aid-ijc20>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human melanocyte lineage-specific antigen gp100 contains several epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, most of the epitopes reported to date are HLA-A2.1-restricted. Despite the high frequency of HLA-A2.1 in melanoma patients, effective population coverage requires the identification of epitopes restricted by other frequent HLA alleles. Herein, HLA-A3 binding, gp100-derived synthetic peptides were tested for their capacity to elicit anti-melanoma CTL in vitro using CD8+ T cells from healthy donors as responders and peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells. Of 7 peptides tested, 2 (gp100[9(87)] and gp100[10(86)]) induced CTLs that killed melanoma cell lines expressing HLA-A3 and gp100. Additional MHC-binding studies to various HLA molecules belonging to the HLA-A3 superfamily (HLA-A*1101, -A*3101, -A*3301 and -A*6801) were performed to determine whether these CTL epitopes could further increase potential population coverage. Further experiments indicated that the peptide gp100[9(87)], which bound to HLA-A11 with high affinity, was capable of inducing specific CTLs that killed melanoma cells expressing gp100 and HLA-A11 molecules. Our results indicate that the gp100[9(87)] peptide corresponds to a CTL epitope which may be restricted by either the HLA-A3 or HLA-A11 allele, emphasizing its utility for the design and development of epitope-based therapies for melanoma.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alloys based on AgMn are being evaluated in our laboratory for their possible use as an alternative to Type III dental alloys. They respond to heat treatment and develop hardness values comparable to that of Type III alloys. The objective of the present research was to evaluate their corrosion characteristics. METHODS The three experimental silver-based alloys of the following composition (at%): (1) 63Ag37Mn, (2) 60Ag35Mn5Au and (3) 60Ag35Mn5Pd, were tested in their peak-hardened condition. Following 0.5 h open-circuit potential (OCP) measurement of each alloy in a phosphated buffer saline (PBS) solution, its current-potential profile was generated by the cyclic voltammetry technique within -1300 and +200 mV (SCE) at 1 mV s-1. In a separate test, the OCP of each alloy was monitored over a 24 h period. RESULTS Each of the three alloys showed ennoblement of their OCP over time due to dissolution of Mn and consequent enrichment with Ag (Au or Pd). At 24 h, the two ternary alloys were the most noble followed by the binary alloy. With respect to the cyclic voltammetry, oxidation of Ag was noted during forward scans at around 0 mV. The reverse scan was associated with a reduction current peak between -37 and -128 mV. The values for this peak, which is a measure of Ag oxidation, were highest (11.5 mA cm-2) for the binary alloy followed by the Au- (2.9 mA cm-2) and Pd-containing (0.04 mA cm-2) alloys, respectively. This indicates that, for equivalent concentration, Pd is more effective in reducing Ag corrosion than Au. SIGNIFICANCE Alloys based on the AgMn system are as hard as Type III dental alloys. Information on the corrosion characteristics of the AgMn-based alloys presented here is of value in further development of this alloy system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yoshimura K, Kawashima I, Obana M, Matsuoka Y, Irimajiri S, Oonaka K, Fukuyama M. [A case of bacillary dysentery caused by new quinolone-resistant Shigella flexneri 2a]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1998; 72:935-8. [PMID: 9796193 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.72.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A 73-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of detection of Shigella flexneri 2a from his stool. Antimicrobial treatment with levofloxacin (LVFX) was started, but could not eliminate the organism in the stool. In the examination of drug susceptibility, this strain was highly resistant to all new quinolones. The minimal inhibitory concentration of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to this strain was 12.5 micrograms/ml, 6.25 micrograms/ml and 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. The dual mutations were detected in the codon 83 and 87 of the gyrA gene by sequencing the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR). There was, however, no significant difference between the intracellular uptake of ciprofloxacin in this strain and in the ciprofloxacin-sensitive strain. The amount of ciprofloxacin in this strain unchanged when carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) was added. These results suggest that the advanced resistance in Shigella flexneri against new quinolones could be acquired by only this dual mutations without the change of the active efflux mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moreno E, Lanne B, Vázquez AM, Kawashima I, Tai T, Fernández LE, Karlsson KA, Angström J, Pérez R. Delineation of the epitope recognized by an antibody specific for N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides. Glycobiology 1998; 8:695-705. [PMID: 9621110 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/8.7.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P3 is a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to several NeuGc-containing gangliosides. It also reacts with antigens expressed in human breast tumors (Vázquez et al. (1995) Hybridoma , 14, 551-556). In this work, the binding specificity of P3 has been characterized in more detail using a panel of glycolipids that included several disialylated gangliosides and several chemical derivatives of NeuGc-GM3. The carboxyl group and the nitrogen function of sialic acid were found to play important roles in the antibody binding, whereas the glycerol tail appears to be nonrelevant. Molecular modeling was used to analyze the binding data, including the finding that P3 selectively recognizes the internal NeuGc in GD3. For this purpose, conformational studies of GD3 were performed using molecular dynamics. It was concluded that sialic acid binds the P3 antibody through its upper face (the one on which the carboxyl group is exposed) and the C4-C5 side of the sugar ring, whereas none or very little contact between the galactose residue and the protein is evident. Conformational analysis of GD3 revealed that, despite the large flexibility of the NeuGcalpha8NeuGc linkage, the P3 binding epitope on the external sialic acid is not well exposed for any of the possible conformations this linkage can adopt, whereas the internal sialic acid presents the epitope in a proper way for several of these conformations. As a final result, a coherent picture of the epitope that fits the wide binding data was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Moreno
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, Havana 11600, Cuba, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9A, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kawashima I, Tai T. An immunocytochemical technique with monoclonal antibodies to glycosphingolipids in rat primary cerebellar cultures: influence of detergent permeabilization. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 1998; 2:299-305. [PMID: 9630687 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(98)00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are highly expressed in the vertebrate central nervous system. GSLs have been implicated in a variety of phenomena involving cell-cell recognition, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, transmembrane signalling and cell growth and differentiation. We recently determined the distribution of GSLs in rat brain tissues and in primary rat cerebellar cultures as well as using a number of MAbs to GSLs, which were generated and characterized in our laboratory. These results suggested that (i) the expression of GSLs was highly localized to a specific cell type and layer in the rat brain tissues and (ii) some GSLs may be useful markers for identifying cells in the primary cultures. In the present paper, we describe in detail an immunofluorescence technique for the detection of GSL expression in the primary cultures. We demonstrate that the localization of GSLs can be greatly influenced by detergent treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kawashima
- Department of Tumor Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|