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Wang J, Zeng H, Dong G, Waddell S, McCauley J, Lagrutta A. Structure-Activity Relationship and Voltage Dependence for the Drug-Drug Interaction between Amiodarone Analogs and MNI-1 at the L-type Cav Channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:229-242. [PMID: 38453526 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The drug-drug interaction (DDI) between amiodarone (AMIO) and sofosbuvir (SOF), a direct-acting hepatitis-C NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, has been associated with severe bradyarrhythmia in patients. Recent cryo-EM data has revealed that this DDI occurs at the α-subunit of L-type Cav channels, with AMIO binding at the fenestration site and SOF [or MSD nucleotide inhibitor #1 (MNI-1): analog of SOF] binding at the central cavity of the conductance pathway. In this study, we investigated the DDI between 21 AMIO analogs, including dronedarone (DRON) and MNI-1 (or SOF) in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and hCav1.2 models. Our findings indicate that among the tested AMIO analogs in hiPSC-CMs at clinically relevant concentrations, only three analogs (AA-9, AA-10, and AA-17) were able to effectively substitute for AMIO in this DDI with 1 µM MNI-1. This highlights the importance of the diethyl amino group of AMIO for interacting with MNI-1. In the hCav1.2 model, desethylamiodarone (AA-12) demonstrated synergy with 90 µM MNI-1, while three other analogs with modifications to the position of the diethyl amino group or removal of iodo groups showed weaker synergy with 90 µM MNI-1. Interestingly, DRON did not exhibit any interaction with 270 µM SOF or 90 µM MNI-1, suggesting that it could safely replace AMIO in patients requiring SOF treatment, other clinically relevant differences considered. Overall, our functional data align with the cryo-EM data, highlighting that this DDI is dependent on the structure of AMIO and cardiomyocyte resting membrane potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our findings point to specific residues in the AMIO molecule playing a critical role in the DDI between AMIO and MNI-1 (SOF analog), confirming cryo-EM results. Applied at clinically relevant AMIO's concentrations or projected MNI-1's concentrations at the resting potentials mimicking the sinoatrial node, this DDI significantly slowed down or completely inhibited the beating of hiPSC-CMs. Finally, these in vitro results support the safe replacement of AMIO (Cordarone) with DRON (Multaq) for patients requiring SOF treatment, other clinical caveats considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Wang
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology (J.W., H.Z., A.L.) and Discovery Chemistry (G.D., S.W., J.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Haoyu Zeng
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology (J.W., H.Z., A.L.) and Discovery Chemistry (G.D., S.W., J.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace Dong
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology (J.W., H.Z., A.L.) and Discovery Chemistry (G.D., S.W., J.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Sherman Waddell
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology (J.W., H.Z., A.L.) and Discovery Chemistry (G.D., S.W., J.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - John McCauley
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology (J.W., H.Z., A.L.) and Discovery Chemistry (G.D., S.W., J.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Armando Lagrutta
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology (J.W., H.Z., A.L.) and Discovery Chemistry (G.D., S.W., J.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
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Andrew MK, Pott H, Staadegaard L, Paget J, Chaves SS, Ortiz JR, McCauley J, Bresee J, Nunes MC, Baumeister E, Raboni SM, Giamberardino HIG, McNeil SA, Gomez D, Zhang T, Vanhems P, Koul PA, Coulibaly D, Otieno NA, Dbaibo G, Almeida MLG, Laguna-Torres VA, Drăgănescu AC, Burtseva E, Sominina A, Danilenko D, Medić S, Diez-Domingo J, Lina B. Age Differences in Comorbidities, Presenting Symptoms, and Outcomes of Influenza Illness Requiring Hospitalization: A Worldwide Perspective From the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad244. [PMID: 37383245 PMCID: PMC10296081 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) was established in 2012 to conduct coordinated worldwide influenza surveillance. In this study, we describe underlying comorbidities, symptoms, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza. Methods Between November 2018 and October 2019, GIHSN included 19 sites in 18 countries using a standardized surveillance protocol. Influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the extent to which various risk factors predict severe outcomes. Results Of 16 022 enrolled patients, 21.9% had laboratory-confirmed influenza; 49.2% of influenza cases were A/H1N1pdm09. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, although they decreased with age (P < .001). Shortness of breath was uncommon among those <50 years but increased with age (P < .001). Middle and older age and history of underlying diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with increased odds of death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and male sex and influenza vaccination were associated with lower odds. The ICU admissions and mortality occurred across the age spectrum. Conclusions Both virus and host factors contributed to influenza burden. We identified age differences in comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and adverse clinical outcomes among those hospitalized with influenza and benefit from influenza vaccination in protecting against adverse clinical outcomes. The GIHSN provides an ongoing platform for global understanding of hospitalized influenza illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Andrew
- Correspondence: Melissa K. Andrew, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Dalhousie University, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E1, Canada (); Bruno Lina, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04, France ()
| | - Henrique Pott
- Dalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lisa Staadegaard
- Netherlands Institute for Health Care Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Care Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra S Chaves
- Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, Fondation de France, Paris, France
| | - Justin R Ortiz
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Centre for Vaccine Equity, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines & Infectious Diseases Analytics (VIDA) Research Unit, and Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- National Reference Laboratory for Viral Respiratory Diseases, Virology Department, INEI-ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Molecular Biology/Microbiology Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Heloisa I G Giamberardino
- Epidemiology, Immunization and Infection Control Department—Hospital Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Shelly A McNeil
- Dalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, Canada
| | - Doris Gomez
- Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Daouda Coulibaly
- Institut National d'Hygiène Publique (INHP), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Nancy A Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Elena Burtseva
- FSBI “N.F. Gamaleya NRCEM” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Federal Research Budgetary Institute “National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Sominina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Danilenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Snežana Medić
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Bruno Lina
- Correspondence: Melissa K. Andrew, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Dalhousie University, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E1, Canada (); Bruno Lina, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04, France ()
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3
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Sami SM, McCauley J, Soleymani S, Nasrabadi N, Dawson J. Benchmarking human face similarity using identical twins. IET BIOMETRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bme2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Meraj Sami
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - John McCauley
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Sobhan Soleymani
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Nasser Nasrabadi
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
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4
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Ng KW, Faulkner N, Finsterbusch K, Wu M, Harvey R, Hussain S, Greco M, Liu Y, Kjaer S, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Beale R, Gamblin SJ, Cherepanov P, McCauley J, Daniels R, Howell M, Arase H, Wack A, Bauer DLV, Kassiotis G. SARS-CoV-2 S2-targeted vaccination elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3715. [PMID: 35895836 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although antibody cross-reactivity with the spike glycoproteins (S) of diverse coronaviruses, including endemic common cold coronaviruses (HCoVs), has been documented, it remains unclear whether such antibody responses, typically targeting the conserved S2 subunit, contribute to protection when induced by infection or through vaccination. Using a mouse model, we found that prior HCoV-OC43 S-targeted immunity primes neutralizing antibody responses to otherwise subimmunogenic SARS-CoV-2 S exposure and promotes S2-targeting antibody responses. Moreover, vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 S2 elicited antibodies in mice that neutralized diverse animal and human alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in vitro and provided a degree of protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in vivo. Last, in mice with a history of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-based S vaccination, further S2 vaccination induced broader neutralizing antibody response than booster Wuhan S vaccination, suggesting that it may prevent repertoire focusing caused by repeated homologous vaccination. These data establish the protective value of an S2-targeting vaccine and support the notion that S2 vaccination may better prepare the immune system to respond to the changing nature of the S1 subunit in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as to future coronavirus zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Katja Finsterbusch
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mary Wu
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Greco
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegradation Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin structure and mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rodney Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David L V Bauer
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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5
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Paudyal B, McNee A, Rijal P, Carr BV, Nunez A, McCauley J, Daniels RS, Townsend AR, Hammond JA, Tchilian E. Low Dose Pig Anti-Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies Reduce Lung Pathology but Do Not Prevent Virus Shedding. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790918. [PMID: 34975888 PMCID: PMC8716435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study we demonstrated that prophylactic intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg of porcine mAb pb18, against the K160-163 site of the hemagglutinin, significantly reduced lung pathology and nasal virus shedding and eliminated virus from the lung of pigs following H1N1pdm09 challenge. When given at 1 mg/kg, pb18 significantly reduced lung pathology and lung and BAL virus loads, but not nasal shedding. Similarly, when pb18 was given in combination with pb27, which recognized the K130 site, at 1 mg/kg each, lung virus load and pathology were reduced, although without an apparent additive or synergistic effect. No evidence for mAb driven virus evolution was detected. These data indicate that intravenous administration of high doses was required to reduce nasal virus shedding, although this was inconsistent and seldom complete. In contrast, the effect on lung pathology and lung virus load is consistent and is also seen at a one log lower dose, strongly indicating that a lower dose might be sufficient to reduce severity of disease, but for prevention of transmission other measures would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Paudyal
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McNee
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research and Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Veronica Carr
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney S Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research and Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hammond
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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6
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McCauley J, Barr IG, Nolan T, Tsai T, Rockman S, Taylor B. The importance of influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:3-6. [PMID: 34605171 PMCID: PMC8652850 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to mitigate its spread have had a dramatic effect on the circulation patterns of other respiratory viruses, most especially influenza viruses. Since April 2020, the global circulation of influenza has been markedly reduced; however, it is still present in a number of different countries and could pose a renewed threat in the upcoming Northern Hemisphere winter. Influenza vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure that we have at our disposal against influenza infections and should not be ignored for the 2021-2022 season.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza CentreThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Ian G. Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaVIDRLMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbournePeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research GroupPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical SchoolThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research GroupMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Steven Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MelbournePeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Seqirus LtdParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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7
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Deakin CT, Cornish GH, Ng KW, Faulkner N, Bolland W, Hope J, Rosa A, Harvey R, Hussain S, Earl C, Jebson BR, Wilkinson MGLL, Marshall LR, O'Brien K, Rosser EC, Radziszewska A, Peckham H, Patel H, Heaney J, Rickman H, Paraskevopoulou S, Houlihan CF, Spyer MJ, Gamblin SJ, McCauley J, Nastouli E, Levin M, Cherepanov P, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, Kassiotis G. Favorable antibody responses to human coronaviruses in children and adolescents with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Med 2021; 2:1093-1109.e6. [PMID: 34414384 PMCID: PMC8363467 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in humoral immunity to coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), between children and adults remain unexplained, and the effect of underlying immune dysfunction or suppression is unknown. Here, we sought to examine the antibody immune competence of children and adolescents with prevalent inflammatory rheumatic diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) against the seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 that frequently infects this age group. METHODS Sera were collected from JIA (n = 118), JDM (n = 49), and JSLE (n = 30) patients and from healthy control (n = 54) children and adolescents prior to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. We used sensitive flow-cytometry-based assays to determine titers of antibodies that reacted with the spike and nucleoprotein of HCoV-OC43 and cross-reacted with the spike and nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and we compared them with respective titers in sera from patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents (MIS-C). FINDINGS Despite immune dysfunction and immunosuppressive treatment, JIA, JDM, and JSLE patients maintained comparable or stronger humoral responses than healthier peers, which was dominated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to HCoV-OC43 spike, and harbored IgG antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 spike. In contrast, responses to HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoproteins exhibited delayed age-dependent class-switching and were not elevated in JIA, JDM, and JSLE patients, which argues against increased exposure. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, autoimmune rheumatic diseases and their treatment were associated with a favorable ratio of spike to nucleoprotein antibodies. FUNDING This work was supported by a Centre of Excellence Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis grant, 21593, UKRI funding reference MR/R013926/1, the Great Ormond Street Children's Charity, Cure JM Foundation, Myositis UK, Lupus UK, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centres at GOSH and UCLH. This work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Deakin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
- OPAL Rheumatology Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William Bolland
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Annachiara Rosa
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher Earl
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Bethany R Jebson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Meredyth G L L Wilkinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Lucy R Marshall
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Harsita Patel
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Catherine F Houlihan
- UCLH NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Moira J Spyer
- UCLH NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street ICH, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- UCLH NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street ICH, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
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8
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Ng KW, Faulkner N, Cornish GH, Rosa A, Harvey R, Hussain S, Ulferts R, Earl C, Wrobel AG, Benton DJ, Roustan C, Bolland W, Thompson R, Agua-Doce A, Hobson P, Heaney J, Rickman H, Paraskevopoulou S, Houlihan CF, Thomson K, Sanchez E, Shin GY, Spyer MJ, Joshi D, O'Reilly N, Walker PA, Kjaer S, Riddell A, Moore C, Jebson BR, Wilkinson M, Marshall LR, Rosser EC, Radziszewska A, Peckham H, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, Beale R, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Stockinger B, McCauley J, Gamblin SJ, McCoy LE, Cherepanov P, Nastouli E, Kassiotis G. Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Science 2020; 370:1339-1343. [PMID: 33159009 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Annachiara Rosa
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher Earl
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Donald J Benton
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William Bolland
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachael Thompson
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Philip Hobson
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Judith Heaney
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Hannah Rickman
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | | | - Catherine F Houlihan
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kirsty Thomson
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Emilie Sanchez
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Gee Yen Shin
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Moira J Spyer
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Philip A Walker
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew Riddell
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Catherine Moore
- Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Bethany R Jebson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Meredyth Wilkinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lucy R Marshall
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK.
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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9
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Ng KW, Faulkner N, Cornish GH, Rosa A, Harvey R, Hussain S, Ulferts R, Earl C, Wrobel AG, Benton DJ, Roustan C, Bolland W, Thompson R, Agua-Doce A, Hobson P, Heaney J, Rickman H, Paraskevopoulou S, Houlihan CF, Thomson K, Sanchez E, Shin GY, Spyer MJ, Joshi D, O'Reilly N, Walker PA, Kjaer S, Riddell A, Moore C, Jebson BR, Wilkinson M, Marshall LR, Rosser EC, Radziszewska A, Peckham H, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, Beale R, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Stockinger B, McCauley J, Gamblin SJ, McCoy LE, Cherepanov P, Nastouli E, Kassiotis G. Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Science 2020; 370:1339-1343. [PMID: 33159009 PMCID: PMC7857411 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Annachiara Rosa
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher Earl
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Donald J Benton
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William Bolland
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachael Thompson
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Philip Hobson
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Judith Heaney
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Hannah Rickman
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | | | - Catherine F Houlihan
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kirsty Thomson
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Emilie Sanchez
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Gee Yen Shin
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Moira J Spyer
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Philip A Walker
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew Riddell
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Catherine Moore
- Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Bethany R Jebson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Meredyth Wilkinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lucy R Marshall
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK.
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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10
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Korsun N, Daniels R, Angelova S, Ermetal B, Grigorova I, Voleva S, Trifonova I, Kurchatova A, McCauley J. Genetic diversity of influenza A viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2018-2019 winter season. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:986-998. [PMID: 32459617 PMCID: PMC7481746 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza viruses evolve rapidly and change their antigenic characteristics, necessitating biannual updates of flu vaccines. Aim The aim of this study was to characterize influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2018/2019 season and to identify amino acid substitutions in them that might impact vaccine effectiveness. Methodology Typing/subtyping of influenza viruses were performed using real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and results of phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses of influenza strains are presented. Results A(H1N1)pdm09 (66 %) predominated over A(H3N2) (34 %) viruses, with undetected circulation of B viruses in the 2018/2019 season. All A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses studied fell into the recently designated 6B.1A subclade with over 50 % falling in four subgroups: 6B.1A2, 6B.1A5, 6B.1A6 and 6B.1A7. Analysed A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclades 3C.2a1b and 3C.2a2. Amino acid sequence analysis of 36 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates revealed the presence of six–ten substitutions in haemagglutinin (HA), compared to the A/Michigan/45/2015 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic sites Sa and Cb, together with four–nine changes at positions in neuraminidase (NA), and a number of substitutions in internal proteins. HA1 D222N substitution, associated with increased virulence, was identified in two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Despite the presence of several amino acid substitutions, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses remained antigenically similar to the vaccine virus. The 28 A(H3N2) viruses characterized carried substitutions in HA, including some in antigenic sites A, B, C and E, in NA and internal protein sequences. Conclusion The results of this study showed the genetic diversity of circulating influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and molecular surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rodney Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Burcu Ermetal
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Iliyana Grigorova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Voleva
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Kurchatova
- Department of Epidemiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 26 Yanko Sakazov Blvd, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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11
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Cullen J, McCauley J, Kuo HC, Chen Y, Stroup S, Musser J, Porter C, Brand T, Rice K, Srivastava S, Rosner I, Lu-ao G. Abstract A108: Longitudinal trends in distant metastasis at diagnosis in a racially diverse cohort of prostate cancer patients: 1990-2017. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Concerns for overdetection and overtreatment of clinically insignificant PCa have led to changes in PSA screening recommendations. In 2008, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) gave PSA screening a “Grade D” recommendation for older men (≥ 75 years), and in 2012 this was extended to men of all ages. In 2017, a draft of revised guidelines was released, elevating the letter Grade to C for men aged 55-69 years. Yet three compelling studies have revealed increases in the diagnosis of metastatic PCa (mPCa) in US men. The primary aim of this study was to examine time trends in mPCa at time of diagnosis, over a 25+ year study period, in a racially diverse longitudinal cohort with equal access to health care.
Methodology: The Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multi-Center National Database was the source of patients for this study. Men under suspicion for PCa who underwent TRUS-guided biopsy for PCa detection were eligible for enrolment into this database. This study focused on those with biopsy-confirmed PCa between January 1, 1990-December 31, 2017. Trends in mPCa at the time of diagnosis were examined for the overall cohort, as well as stratified by race (AA and CA) and patient age at CaP diagnosis (<75 years versus ≥75 years). Poisson regression with a log link function was used to estimate annual percent change (APC) in mPCa at diagnosis, as a proportion of all newly diagnosed PCa per annum. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model predictors of mPCa at diagnosis as a function of PSA screening intensity prior to CaP detection and patient race.
Results: A total of 15,660 subjects met the study criteria, of whom 560 (2.8%) presented with mPCa. The decline in APC over time for the overall cohort was statistically significant (APC = -7.7%, p <0.0001). When APCs were computed for across race, both AA and CA patients were observed to have statistically significant declines over time in APCs (-10.2%, p<0.0001 and -7.1 %, p <0.0001, respectively). However, these declines were comparable across race (p=0.07). When stratified by age group, patients ≥75 years had a smaller magnitude of decline in APC compared to those <75 years (-2.7%, p<0.0001 and -9.2%, p<0.0001, respectively), though these declines did not differ significantly by age group (p=0.56). In multivariable analysis, both the number of prior PSA screenings (OR≥4 vs. None = 0.42, CI=0.29, 0.61, p <0.0001) but not self-reported race (ORAA vs. CA=1.1, CI=0.83, 1.36, p=0.65) predicted mPCa.
Conclusions: In this longitudinal, racially diverse cohort with equal health care access, significant declines in mPCa at diagnosis were observed over a 25+ year study period. This is contrast to other recent studies that have demonstrated increases in mPCa following changes in USPSTF guidelines. There was, however, a difference in the magnitude of decrease in oldest patients (≥75 years) compared to younger men (<75 years) that may have been influenced by changes in PSA screening recommendations. Continued attention to shifts in mPCa at diagnosis is needed.
Citation Format: Jennifer Cullen, John McCauley, Huai-ching Kuo, Yongmei Chen, Sean Stroup, John Musser, Christopher Porter, Timothy Brand, Kevin Rice, Shiv Srivastava, Inger Rosner, Grace Lu-ao. Longitudinal trends in distant metastasis at diagnosis in a racially diverse cohort of prostate cancer patients: 1990-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A108.
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12
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Abstract
Serious early complications of catheter insertion and catheter outcomes are compared in patients with or without a history of major abdominal surgery or peritonitis. Previous major surgery and peritonitis are important risk factors for early serious complications of catheter placement. Despite the higher risk of early complications, subsequent attempts at catheter placement were successful in all but one of the high risk patients.Patients with previous major abdominal surgery or peritonitis generally are considered to be at high risk for complications of permanent peritoneal catheter placement. However, few physicians would refuse to attempt catheter insertion in patients highly motivated to undergo peritoneal dialysis. In this setting, the patient and the physician must decide whether the motivation and potential benefit justify the risk. Unfortunately, extensive quantitative data on the success rate and the likelihood of complications in the high-risk patient are not available. In order to determine the success rate and relative risk, we reviewed the outcome of catheter placement for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in our patients. In this report, we identify the serious early complications of catheter insertion and compare the outcomes in patients with and without a history of major abdominal surgery or peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Levey
- New England Medical Center, Departments of Nursing, Surgery, and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G.M. Simon
- New England Medical Center, Departments of Nursing, Surgery, and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. McCauley
- New England Medical Center, Departments of Nursing, Surgery, and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T.J. Smith
- New England Medical Center, Departments of Nursing, Surgery, and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. I. Cho
- New England Medical Center, Departments of Nursing, Surgery, and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. T. Harrington
- New England Medical Center, Departments of Nursing, Surgery, and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Xiao H, Guo T, Yang M, Qi J, Huang C, Hong Y, Gu J, Pang X, Liu WJ, Peng R, McCauley J, Bi Y, Li S, Feng J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Lu X, Yan J, Chen L, Shi Y, Chen W, Gao GF. Light chain modulates heavy chain conformation to change protection profile of monoclonal antibodies against influenza A viruses. Cell Discov 2019; 5:21. [PMID: 30993000 PMCID: PMC6465249 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of human monoclonal antibodies with broadly neutralizing breadth can provide a promising countermeasure for influenza A viruses infection. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses bind to the conserved stem region or the receptor-binding cavity of hemagglutinin and the interaction is dominated by the heavy chain. The light chain, however, contributes few or no direct contacts to the antigen. Here we report an H3-clade neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, AF4H1K1, which recognizes the hemagglutinin glycoproteins of all group 2 influenza A viruses. This human monoclonal antibody has been obtained through the screening by pairing different heavy and light chains from an H7N9-infected patient based on the next-generation sequencing technology. Further structural studies revealed that light chains modulate the neutralizing spectrum by affecting the local conformation of heavy chains, instead of direct interaction with the antigen. These findings provide important clues to understand the molecular basis of light chains in antigen recognition and to explore the strategies in particular of the use of light chain modification to develop broadly protective monoclonal antibodies against influenza A viruses and other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xiao
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tianling Guo
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Mi Yang
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- 2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Chaobin Huang
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | | | - Jinjin Gu
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,5College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Xuefei Pang
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - William Jun Liu
- 6National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Ruchao Peng
- 2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | - John McCauley
- 7WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT UK
| | - Yuhai Bi
- 2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Shihua Li
- 2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Junxia Feng
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,5College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Xupei Zhang
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xishan Lu
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- 8CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Liling Chen
- Suzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Yi Shi
- 2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
| | | | - George Fu Gao
- 1Laboraroty of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308 China.,2CAS Centre for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Research Network, Beijing, 100101 China.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101 China
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14
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McCauley J, Kuo HC, Rosner IL, Chen Y, Hurwitz L, Stroup S, Sterbis JR, Porter C, Brand TC, Srivastava S, Cullen J. Abstract A005: Patterns in distant metastasis at diagnosis in a racially diverse, longitudinal cohort of prostate cancer patients: 1989-2013. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.prca2017-a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The introduction of PSA screening in the U.S. and its nationwide use as a prostate cancer (PCa) screening modality led to a spike in the incidence of localized PCa in the early 1990s. With this shift toward earlier stage disease at presentation, concerns were raised for overdetection and overtreatment of clinically insignificant PCa. In response to such concerns, professional guidelines on PSA screening practices have changed over time. In 2008 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) gave PSA screening for detection of prostate cancer a Grade D recommendation for older men (>=75 years), and in 2012 this grade D was extended to men of all age. More recently, in 2017 a draft of revised guidelines was released, elevating the letter Grade to C, only for men aged 55-69 years. Yet three compelling studies have been published that reveal increases in the diagnosis of metastatic PCa (mPCa) in U.S. men, with provocative associations in time to changes in PSA screening guidelines, prompting concern that a stage shift toward more advanced PCa at diagnosis may be occurring.
The primary aim of this study was to examine time trends in mPCa at time of diagnosis, over a 20+-year study period, in a racially diverse longitudinal cohort with equal access to health care. The primary hypotheses were that mPCa at diagnosis declined after the introduction of PSA screening and that such declines would be comparable in both Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) patients in this cohort.
Methodology: The Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multi-Center National Database was the source of patients for this study. Men under suspicion for PCa and undergoing TRUS-guided biopsy for PCa detection are eligible for enrolment in this database. This study focused on those with biopsy-confirmed PCa between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 2013. Trends in mPCa at the time of diagnosis were examined for the overall cohort, as well as stratified by race (AA and CA) and patient age at CaP diagnosis (<75 years versus ≥75 years). Poisson regression with a log link function was used to estimate annual percent change (APC) in mPCa at diagnosis, as a proportion of all newly diagnosed PCa per year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model predictors of mPCa at diagnosis as a function of PSA screening history and race.
Results: A total of 462 men presented with mPCa and were eligible for inclusion. The decline in APC for the overall cohort was statistically significant (APC = -8.5%, p <0.0001). When APCs were computed for across race, both AA and CA patients were observed to have statistically significant negative change over time in APC (-10.1%, p<0.0001 and -8.7%, p <0.0001, respectively). However, there was no interaction between race and year of metastatic PCa diagnosis (p=0.49). When stratified by age group, patients aged ≥75 years had a smaller magnitude of decline in APC compared to those <75 years (-3.9%, p<0.0001 and -10.1%, p<0.0001, respectively). The interaction between age group and diagnosed year was significantly different (p=0.0011). In multivariable analysis, both the number of prior PSA screenings (OR ≥5 vs. None = 0.35, p <0.0001 = 0.35, p <0.0001) and race (OR for AA vs. CA=1.77, p<0.0001) strongly predicted mPCa.
Conclusions: In this longitudinal, racially diverse cohort with equal health care access, significant declines in mPCa at diagnosis were observed over a 20+-year study period. This is contrast to other recent studies that have demonstrated increases in mPCa following changes in USPSTF guidelines. There was, however, a difference in the magnitude of decrease in oldest patients (≥75 years) compared to younger men, which may have been influenced by changing PSA screening recommendations in 2008 by the USPSTF. Continued attention to shifts in mPCa at diagnosis is needed to determine the impact of changes in screening recommendation.
Citation Format: John McCauley, Huai-Ching Kuo, Inger L. Rosner, Yongmei Chen, Lauren Hurwitz, Sean Stroup, Joseph R. Sterbis, Christopher Porter, Timothy C. Brand, Shiv Srivastava, Jennifer Cullen. Patterns in distant metastasis at diagnosis in a racially diverse, longitudinal cohort of prostate cancer patients: 1989-2013 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A005.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McCauley
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Huai-Ching Kuo
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Inger L. Rosner
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lauren Hurwitz
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sean Stroup
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph R. Sterbis
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher Porter
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy C. Brand
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research; Dept. of Surgery, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
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15
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Tivane A, Daniels R, Nguenha N, Machalele L, Nacoto A, Pale M, Mateonane E, Mavale S, Chilundo J, Muteto D, Salência J, Albati F, Gudo E, Mussá T, McCauley J. Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza viruses isolated in Mozambique during the 2015 season. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201248. [PMID: 30048502 PMCID: PMC6062064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high rate of antigenic variation of influenza virus, seasonal characterization of the virus is crucial to assess and monitor the emergence of new pathogenic variants and hence formulate effective control measures. However, no study has yet been conducted in Mozambique to assess genetic, antigenic and antiviral susceptibility profile of influenza virus. METHODS A subset of samples (n = 20) from influenza positive children detected in two hospitals in Maputo city during 2015 season as part of the implementation of influenza surveillance system, were selected. The following assays were performed on these samples: antigenic characterization by hemagglutination inhibition assay, genetic characterization by Sanger sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) and susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir (NA inhibitors) by enzymatic assay. RESULTS The A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype viruses remained closely related antigenically and genetically to the 2016 vaccine virus A/California/7/2009 and other widely distributed viruses belonging to genetic group 6B. The majority of influenza A(H3N2) viruses studied were antigenically similar to the 2016-2017 vaccine virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014, and their HA and NA gene sequences fell into genetic subclade 3C.2a being closely related to viruses circulating in southern Africa. The influenza B viruses were antigenically similar to the 2016 season vaccine virus and HA sequences of all three fell into the B/Yamagata-lineage, clade 3, but contained NA genes of the B/Victoria-lineage. All tested viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. CONCLUSION Overall, all Mozambican influenza A and B viruses were most closely related to Southern African viruses and all were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. These findings suggest the existence of an ecological niche of influenza viruses within the region and hence highlighting the need for joint epidemiologic and virologic surveillance to monitor the evolution of influenza viruses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dogs
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Male
- Mozambique/epidemiology
- Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Oseltamivir/pharmacology
- Oseltamivir/therapeutic use
- Phylogeny
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Zanamivir/pharmacology
- Zanamivir/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Almiro Tivane
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rodney Daniels
- Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neuza Nguenha
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Loira Machalele
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Afonso Nacoto
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mirela Pale
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Edirsse Mateonane
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sandra Mavale
- Pediatric Department, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Josina Chilundo
- Pediatric Department, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Délcio Muteto
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Judite Salência
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Félix Albati
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Eduardo Gudo
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John McCauley
- Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Groves HT, McDonald JU, Langat P, Kinnear E, Kellam P, McCauley J, Ellis J, Thompson C, Elderfield R, Parker L, Barclay W, Tregoning JS. Mouse Models of Influenza Infection with Circulating Strains to Test Seasonal Vaccine Efficacy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:126. [PMID: 29445377 PMCID: PMC5797846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The surface antigens of influenza virus change over time blunting both naturally acquired and vaccine induced adaptive immune protection. Viral antigenic drift is a major contributing factor to both the spread and disease burden of influenza. The aim of this study was to develop better infection models using clinically relevant, influenza strains to test vaccine induced protection. CB6F1 mice were infected with a range of influenza viruses and disease, inflammation, cell influx, and viral load were characterized after infection. Infection with circulating H1N1 and representative influenza B viruses induced a dose-dependent disease response; however, a recent seasonal H3N2 virus did not cause any disease in mice, even at high titers. Viral infection led to recoverable virus, detectable both by plaque assay and RNA quantification after infection, and increased upper airway inflammation on day 7 after infection comprised largely of CD8 T cells. Having established seasonal infection models, mice were immunized with seasonal inactivated vaccine and responses were compared to matched and mismatched challenge strains. While the H1N1 subtype strain recommended for vaccine use has remained constant in the seven seasons between 2010 and 2016, the circulating strain of H1N1 influenza (2009 pandemic subtype) has drifted both genetically and antigenically since 2009. To investigate the effect of this observed drift on vaccine induced protection, mice were immunized with antigens from A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) and challenged with H1N1 subtype viruses recovered from 2009, 2010, or 2015. Vaccination with A/California/7/2009 antigens protected against infection with either the 2009 or 2010 strains, but was less effective against the 2015 strain. This observed reduction in protection suggests that mouse models of influenza virus vaccination and infection can be used as an additional tool to predict vaccine efficacy against drift strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen T Groves
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline U McDonald
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pinky Langat
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Kinnear
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kellam
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna Ellis
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Elderfield
- Molecular Virology, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Parker
- Molecular Virology, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Barclay
- Molecular Virology, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John S Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Langat P, Raghwani J, Dudas G, Bowden TA, Edwards S, Gall A, Bedford T, Rambaut A, Daniels RS, Russell CA, Pybus OG, McCauley J, Kellam P, Watson SJ. Genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of influenza B viruses on a global scale. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006749. [PMID: 29284042 PMCID: PMC5790164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global-scale epidemiology and genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of influenza B remain poorly understood compared with influenza A viruses. We compiled a spatio-temporally comprehensive dataset of influenza B viruses, comprising over 2,500 genomes sampled worldwide between 1987 and 2015, including 382 newly-sequenced genomes that fill substantial gaps in previous molecular surveillance studies. Our contributed data increase the number of available influenza B virus genomes in Europe, Africa and Central Asia, improving the global context to study influenza B viruses. We reveal Yamagata-lineage diversity results from co-circulation of two antigenically-distinct groups that also segregate genetically across the entire genome, without evidence of intra-lineage reassortment. In contrast, Victoria-lineage diversity stems from geographic segregation of different genetic clades, with variability in the degree of geographic spread among clades. Differences between the lineages are reflected in their antigenic dynamics, as Yamagata-lineage viruses show alternating dominance between antigenic groups, while Victoria-lineage viruses show antigenic drift of a single lineage. Structural mapping of amino acid substitutions on trunk branches of influenza B gene phylogenies further supports these antigenic differences and highlights two potential mechanisms of adaptation for polymerase activity. Our study provides new insights into the epidemiological and molecular processes shaping influenza B virus evolution globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Langat
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United
Kingdom
| | - Jayna Raghwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United
Kingdom
| | - Gytis Dudas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics,
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Astrid Gall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United
Kingdom
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Colin A. Russell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United
Kingdom
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Paul Kellam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United
Kingdom
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18
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Glatman-Freedman A, Drori Y, Beni SA, Friedman N, Pando R, Sefty H, Tal I, McCauley J, Rahav G, Keller N, Shohat T, Mendelson E, Hindiyeh M, Mandelboim M. Genetic divergence of Influenza A(H3N2) amino acid substitutions mark the beginning of the 2016-2017 winter season in Israel. J Clin Virol 2017; 93:71-75. [PMID: 28672275 PMCID: PMC5711789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccine composition is reevaluated each year due to the frequency and accumulation of genetic changes that influenza viruses undergo. The beginning of the 2016-2017 influenza surveillance period in Israel has been marked by the dominance of influenza A(H3N2). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the type, subtype, genetic evolution and amino acid substitutions of influenza A(H3N2) viruses detected among community patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with respiratory illness in the first weeks of the 2016-2017 influenza season. STUDY DESIGN Respiratory samples from community patients with influenza-like illness and from hospitalized patients underwent identification, subtyping and molecular characterization. Hemagglutinin sequences were compared to the vaccine strain, phylogenetic tree was created, and amino acid substitutions were determined. RESULTS Influenza A(H3N2) predominated during the early stages of the 2016-2017 influenza season. Noticeably, approximately 20% of community patients and 36% of hospitalized patients, positive for influenza3), received the 2016-2017 influenza vaccine. The influenza A(H3N2) viruses demonstrated genetic divergence from the vaccine strain into three separate subgroups within the 3C.2a clade. One resembled the new 3C.2a1 subclade, one resembled the recently proposed 3C.2a2 subclade and the other was not previously described. Diversity was observed within each subgroup, in terms of additional amino acid substitutions. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the 2016-2017 A(H3N2) influenza viruses is imperative for determining the future influenza vaccine composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Departments of Pediatrics and Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Yaron Drori
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Alexandra Beni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Tal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galia Rahav
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Microbiology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tamy Shohat
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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19
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Cole SL, Dunning J, Kok WL, Benam KH, Benlahrech A, Repapi E, Martinez FO, Drumright L, Powell TJ, Bennett M, Elderfield R, Thomas C, Dong T, McCauley J, Liew FY, Taylor S, Zambon M, Barclay W, Cerundolo V, Openshaw PJ, McMichael AJ, Ho LP. M1-like monocytes are a major immunological determinant of severity in previously healthy adults with life-threatening influenza. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91868. [PMID: 28405622 PMCID: PMC5374077 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In each influenza season, a distinct group of young, otherwise healthy individuals with no risk factors succumbs to life-threatening infection. To better understand the cause for this, we analyzed a broad range of immune responses in blood from a unique cohort of patients, comprising previously healthy individuals hospitalized with and without respiratory failure during one influenza season, and infected with one specific influenza A strain. This analysis was compared with similarly hospitalized influenza patients with known risk factors (total of n = 60 patients recruited). We found a sustained increase in a specific subset of proinflammatory monocytes, with high TNF-α expression and an M1-like phenotype (independent of viral titers), in these previously healthy patients with severe disease. The relationship between M1-like monocytes and immunopathology was strengthened using murine models of influenza, in which severe infection generated using different models (including the high-pathogenicity H5N1 strain) was also accompanied by high levels of circulating M1-like monocytes. Additionally, a raised M1/M2 macrophage ratio in the lungs was observed. These studies identify a specific subtype of monocytes as a modifiable immunological determinant of disease severity in this subgroup of severely ill, previously healthy patients, offering potential novel therapeutic avenues. In a cohort of influenza patients, previously healthy and young patients who succumbed to life-threatening disease were defined by high levels of circulating M1-like, TNF-αhi monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Cole
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Dunning
- National Heart and Lung Division, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wai Ling Kok
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kambez Hajipouran Benam
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Benlahrech
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Drumright
- National Heart and Lung Division, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Powell
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Elderfield
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Thomas
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Foo Y Liew
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Computational Biology Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Zambon
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Barclay
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Division, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Gregory V, Daniels R, Georgieva I, McCauley J. Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 49:241-250. [PMID: 28132927 PMCID: PMC5348111 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for early detection of novel genetic variants of epidemiologic and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to determine the antigenic and molecular characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season. The season was characterized by dominant circulation of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, accounting for 66% of detected influenza viruses, followed by B/Victoria-lineage viruses (24%) and A(H3N2) viruses (10%). All sequenced influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria-lineage viruses belonged to the 6B.1, 3C.2a and 1A genetic groups, respectively. Amino acid analysis of 57 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates revealed the presence of 16 changes in hemagglutinin (HA) compared to the vaccine virus, five of which occurred in four antigenic sites, together with 16 changes in neuraminidase (NA) and a number of substitutions in proteins MP, NP, NS and PB2. Despite the many amino acid substitutions, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses remained antigenically closely related to A/California/7/2009 vaccine virus. Bulgarian A(H3N2) strains (subclade 3C.2a) showed changes at 11 HA positions four of which were located in antigenic sites A and B, together with 6 positions in NA, compared to the subclade 3C.3a vaccine virus. They contained unique HA1 substitutions N171K, S312R and HA2 substitutions I77V and G155E compared to Bulgarian 3C.2a viruses of the previous season. All 20 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced harboured two substitutions in the antigenic 120-loop region of HA, and 5 changes in NA, compared to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. The results of this study reaffirm the continuous genetic variability of circulating seasonal influenza viruses and the need for continued systematic antigenic and molecular surveillance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Bulgaria/epidemiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Epidemiological Monitoring
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Seasons
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla Angelova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Viki Gregory
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Georgieva
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A Stoletov Blvd, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Shu
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Hampson A, Barr I, Cox N, Donis RO, Siddhivinayak H, Jernigan D, Katz J, McCauley J, Motta F, Odagiri T, Tam JS, Waddell A, Webby R, Ziegler T, Zhang W. Improving the selection and development of influenza vaccine viruses - Report of a WHO informal consultation on improving influenza vaccine virus selection, Hong Kong SAR, China, 18-20 November 2015. Vaccine 2017; 35:1104-1109. [PMID: 28131392 PMCID: PMC5357705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since 2010 the WHO has held a series of informal consultations to explore ways of improving the currently highly complex and time-pressured influenza vaccine virus selection and development process. In November 2015 experts from around the world met to review the current status of efforts in this field. Discussion topics included strengthening influenza surveillance activities to increase the availability of candidate vaccine viruses and improve the extent, timeliness and quality of surveillance data. Consideration was also given to the development and potential application of newer laboratory assays to better characterize candidate vaccine viruses, the potential importance of antibodies directed against influenza virus neuraminidase, and the role of vaccine effectiveness studies. Advances in next generation sequencing and whole genome sequencing of influenza viruses were also discussed, along with associated developments in synthetic genomics technologies, evolutionary analysis and predictive mathematical modelling. Discussions were also held on the late emergence of an antigenic variant influenza A(H3N2) virus in mid-2014 that could not be incorporated in time into the 2014–15 northern hemisphere vaccine. There was broad recognition that given the current highly constrained influenza vaccine development and production timeline it would remain impossible to incorporate any variant virus which emerged significantly long after the relevant WHO biannual influenza vaccine composition meetings. Discussions were also held on the development of pandemic and broadly protective vaccines, and on associated regulatory and manufacturing requirements and constraints. With increasing awareness of the health and economic burdens caused by seasonal influenza, the ever-present threat posed by zoonotic influenza viruses, and the significant impact of the 2014–15 northern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine mismatch, this consultation provided a very timely opportunity to share developments and exchange views. In all areas, a renewed and strengthened emphasis was placed on developing concrete and measurable actions and identifying the key stakeholders responsible for their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Barr
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nancy Cox
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.
| | - Ruben O Donis
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Hirve Siddhivinayak
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.
| | | | | | - Takato Odagiri
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - John S Tam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | | | | | - Thedi Ziegler
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
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23
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Bale SD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Turin P, Bonnell JW, de Wit TD, Ergun RE, MacDowall RJ, Pulupa M, Andre M, Bolton M, Bougeret JL, Bowen TA, Burgess D, Cattell CA, Chandran BDG, Chaston CC, Chen CHK, Choi MK, Connerney JE, Cranmer S, Diaz-Aguado M, Donakowski W, Drake JF, Farrell WM, Fergeau P, Fermin J, Fischer J, Fox N, Glaser D, Goldstein M, Gordon D, Hanson E, Harris SE, Hayes LM, Hinze JJ, Hollweg JV, Horbury TS, Howard RA, Hoxie V, Jannet G, Karlsson M, Kasper JC, Kellogg PJ, Kien M, Klimchuk JA, Krasnoselskikh VV, Krucker S, Lynch JJ, Maksimovic M, Malaspina DM, Marker S, Martin P, Martinez-Oliveros J, McCauley J, McComas DJ, McDonald T, Meyer-Vernet N, Moncuquet M, Monson SJ, Mozer FS, Murphy SD, Odom J, Oliverson R, Olson J, Parker EN, Pankow D, Phan T, Quataert E, Quinn T, Ruplin SW, Salem C, Seitz D, Sheppard DA, Siy A, Stevens K, Summers D, Szabo A, Timofeeva M, Vaivads A, Velli M, Yehle A, Werthimer D, Wygant JR. The FIELDS Instrument Suite for Solar Probe Plus: Measuring the Coronal Plasma and Magnetic Field, Plasma Waves and Turbulence, and Radio Signatures of Solar Transients. Space Sci Rev 2016; 204:49-82. [PMID: 29755144 PMCID: PMC5942226 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-016-0244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission will make the first in situ measurements of the solar corona and the birthplace of the solar wind. The FIELDS instrument suite on SPP will make direct measurements of electric and magnetic fields, the properties of in situ plasma waves, electron density and temperature profiles, and interplanetary radio emissions, amongst other things. Here, we describe the scientific objectives targeted by the SPP/FIELDS instrument, the instrument design itself, and the instrument concept of operations and planned data products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Bale
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K Goetz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - P R Harvey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Turin
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J W Bonnell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Dudok de Wit
- LPC2E, CNRS, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - R E Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R J MacDowall
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Pulupa
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Andre
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bolton
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - T A Bowen
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Burgess
- Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - C A Cattell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B D G Chandran
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - C C Chaston
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C H K Chen
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M K Choi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J E Connerney
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Cranmer
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Diaz-Aguado
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - W Donakowski
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J F Drake
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - W M Farrell
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - P Fergeau
- LPC2E, CNRS, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - J Fermin
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Fischer
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - N Fox
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - D Glaser
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Goldstein
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D Gordon
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E Hanson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S E Harris
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L M Hayes
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J J Hinze
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J V Hollweg
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - T S Horbury
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - R A Howard
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V Hoxie
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G Jannet
- LPC2E, CNRS, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - M Karlsson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J C Kasper
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P J Kellogg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Kien
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J A Klimchuk
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - S Krucker
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J J Lynch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - D M Malaspina
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Marker
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Martin
- LPC2E, CNRS, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | | | - J McCauley
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D J McComas
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - T McDonald
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - M Moncuquet
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - S J Monson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - F S Mozer
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S D Murphy
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Odom
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R Oliverson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Olson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E N Parker
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Pankow
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Phan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E Quataert
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Quinn
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - C Salem
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Seitz
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D A Sheppard
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - A Siy
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K Stevens
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Summers
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Szabo
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Timofeeva
- LPC2E, CNRS, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | - A Vaivads
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Velli
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angelos, CA, USA
| | - A Yehle
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Werthimer
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J R Wygant
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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24
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Asghar H, Browne HM, McCauley J, Malik M, Khan W. Contribution of laboratories in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to the selection of candidate seasonal influenza vaccine, 2010-2015. East Mediterr Health J 2016; 22:445-452. [PMID: 27714738 DOI: 10.26719/2016.22.7.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) formulates recommendations for viruses to be included in vaccines for the influenza seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres on the basis of analyses by its collaborating centres (CCs). This report describes the contribution of influenza laboratories and national influenza centres in countries in the WHO Region for the Eastern Mediterranean to the selection process of seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza virus subtypes. Data submitted by 22 countries to FluNet and FluID between September 2010 and June 2015 were analysed. National Influenza Centres (NICs) in 12 countries (55%) reported data, 5 (23%) to both FluNet and FluID and 7 (32%) only to FluNet. The WHO CC in London characterized 78% of the samples, and the CC in Atlanta, characterized 21%. The contribution of influenza laboratories and NICs from this Region to global influenza surveillance is appreciable. However, enhancing the contribution through initiatives such as the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asghar
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H M Browne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J McCauley
- Crick Worldwide Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Malik
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W Khan
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Ruiz-Hernandez R, Mwangi W, Peroval M, Sadeyen JR, Ascough S, Balkissoon D, Staines K, Boyd A, McCauley J, Smith A, Butter C. Host genetics determine susceptibility to avian influenza infection and transmission dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26787. [PMID: 27279280 PMCID: PMC4899695 DOI: 10.1038/srep26787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-genetic control of influenza virus infection has been the object of little attention. In this study we determined that two inbred lines of chicken differing in their genetic background , Lines 0 and C-B12, were respectively relatively resistant and susceptible to infection with the low pathogenicity influenza virus A/Turkey/England/647/77 as defined by substantial differences in viral shedding trajectories. Resistant birds, although infected, were unable to transmit virus to contact birds, as ultimately only the presence of a sustained cloacal shedding (and not oropharyngeal shedding) was critical for transmission. Restriction of within-bird transmission of virus occurred in the resistant line, with intra-nares or cloacal infection resulting in only local shedding and failing to transmit fully through the gastro-intestinal-pulmonary tract. Resistance to infection was independent of adaptive immune responses, including the expansion of specific IFNγ secreting cells or production of influenza-specific antibody. Genetic resistance to a novel H9N2 virus was less robust, though significant differences between host genotypes were still clearly evident. The existence of host-genetic determination of the outcome of influenza infection offers tools for the further dissection of this regulation and also for understanding the mechanisms of influenza transmission within and between birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Ruiz-Hernandez
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - William Mwangi
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - Marylene Peroval
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Ascough
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - Devanand Balkissoon
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Staines
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Boyd
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John McCauley
- Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Butter
- Avian Viral Diseases program, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
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Li C, Hatta M, Burke DF, Ping J, Zhang Y, Ozawa M, Taft AS, Das SC, Hanson AP, Song J, Imai M, Wilker PR, Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Ito M, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Russell CA, James SL, Skepner E, Maher EA, Neumann G, Klimov AI, Kelso A, McCauley J, Wang D, Shu Y, Odagiri T, Tashiro M, Xu X, Wentworth DE, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Smith DJ, Kawaoka Y. Selection of antigenically advanced variants of seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16058. [PMID: 27572841 PMCID: PMC5087998 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses mutate frequently, necessitating constant updates of vaccine viruses. To establish experimental approaches that may complement the current vaccine strain selection process, we selected antigenic variants from human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus libraries possessing random mutations in the globular head of the haemagglutinin protein (which includes the antigenic sites) by incubating them with human and/or ferret convalescent sera to human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. We also selected antigenic escape variants from human viruses treated with convalescent sera and from mice that had been previously immunized against human influenza viruses. Our pilot studies with past influenza viruses identified escape mutants that were antigenically similar to variants that emerged in nature, establishing the feasibility of our approach. Our studies with contemporary human influenza viruses identified escape mutants before they caused an epidemic in 2014-2015. This approach may aid in the prediction of potential antigenic escape variants and the selection of future vaccine candidates before they become widespread in nature.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Ferrets/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Seasons
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Masato Hatta
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - David F. Burke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Jihui Ping
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Andrew S. Taft
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Subash C. Das
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Anthony P. Hanson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Jiasheng Song
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Peter R. Wilker
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Colin A. Russell
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sarah L. James
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eugene Skepner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eileen A. Maher
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
| | - Alexander I. Klimov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (VIDRL) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
| | - John McCauley
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30033 Georgia USA
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Modelling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53711 Wisconsin USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Mosher PJ, Murphy AA, Anderson JM, Coyle M, McCauley J, Boyle K, Yaeger K, Iverson N, Halamek LP. 141 DEATH, DYING AND DELIVERING BAD NEWS: SIMULATION-BASED TRAINING, A NEW EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS. J Investig Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Brown JR, Tang JW, Pankhurst L, Klein N, Gant V, Lai KM, McCauley J, Breuer J. Influenza virus survival in aerosols and estimates of viable virus loss resulting from aerosolization and air-sampling. J Hosp Infect 2015; 91:278-81. [PMID: 26412395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a Collison nebulizer, aerosols of influenza (A/Udorn/307/72 H3N2) were generated within a controlled experimental chamber, from known starting virus concentrations. Air samples collected after variable suspension times were tested quantitatively using both plaque and polymerase chain reaction assays, to compare the proportion of viable virus against the amount of detectable viral RNA. These experiments showed that whereas influenza RNA copies were well preserved, the number of viable viruses decreased by a factor of 10(4)-10(5). This suggests that air-sampling studies for assessing infection control risks that detect only influenza RNA may greatly overestimate the amount of viable virus available to cause infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Brown
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J W Tang
- University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - L Pankhurst
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - N Klein
- University College London, London, UK
| | - V Gant
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - K M Lai
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - J McCauley
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK
| | - J Breuer
- University College London, London, UK
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29
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Goddard N, Rebelo-de-Andrade H, Meijer A, McCauley J, Daniels R, Zambon M. Future directions for the European influenza reference laboratory network in influenza surveillance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 26250071 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.30.21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By defining strategic objectives for the network of influenza laboratories that have national influenza centre status or national function within European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway, it is possible to align their priorities in undertaking virological surveillance of influenza. This will help maintain and develop the network to meet and adapt to new challenges over the next 3-5 years and underpin a longer-term strategy over 5-10 years. We analysed the key activities undertaken by influenza reference laboratories in Europe and categorised them into a framework of four key strategic objectives areas: enhancing laboratory capability, ensuring laboratory capacity, providing emergency response and translating laboratory data into information for public health action. We make recommendations on the priority areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Goddard
- Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom
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30
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Meng J, Lai MT, Munshi V, Grobler J, McCauley J, Zuck P, Johnson EN, Uebele VN, Hermes JD, Adam GC. Screening of HIV-1 Protease Using a Combination of an Ultra-High-Throughput Fluorescent-Based Assay and RapidFire Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:606-15. [PMID: 25681434 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115570838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 protease (PR) represents one of the primary targets for developing antiviral agents for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. To identify novel PR inhibitors, a label-free, high-throughput mass spectrometry (HTMS) assay was developed using the RapidFire platform and applied as an orthogonal assay to confirm hits identified in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based primary screen of > 1 million compounds. For substrate selection, a panel of peptide substrates derived from natural processing sites for PR was evaluated on the RapidFire platform. As a result, KVSLNFPIL, a new substrate measured to have a ~ 20- and 60-fold improvement in k cat/K m over the frequently used sequences SQNYPIVQ and SQNYPIV, respectively, was identified for the HTMS screen. About 17% of hits from the FRET-based primary screen were confirmed in the HTMS confirmatory assay including all 304 known PR inhibitors in the set, demonstrating that the HTMS assay is effective at triaging false-positives while capturing true hits. Hence, with a sampling rate of ~7 s per well, the RapidFire HTMS assay enables the high-throughput evaluation of peptide substrates and functions as an efficient tool for hits triage in the discovery of novel PR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Meng
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Ming-Tain Lai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Vandna Munshi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jay Grobler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA, USA
| | - John McCauley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Paul Zuck
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Eric N Johnson
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, North Wales, PA, USA Wuxi Apptech
| | - Victor N Uebele
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Hermes
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Gregory C Adam
- Screening and Protein Sciences, Merck Research Labs, North Wales, PA, USA
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31
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Sherbany H, McCauley J, Meningher T, Hindiyeh M, Dichtiar R, Markovich MP, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M. Return of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:710. [PMID: 25551676 PMCID: PMC4375933 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza pandemics are usually caused by the re-assortment of several influenza viruses, results in the emergence of new influenza virus strains that can infect the entire population. These pandemic strains, as well as seasonal influenza viruses, are subjected to extensive antigenic change that has, so far, prevented the generation of a universal vaccine. Methods Samples of patients hospitalized due to infection with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (A(H1N1)pdm09) from 2009, when the virus first appeared, until 2013 were analyzed. Results While many patients were hospitalized in 2009 due to infection with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus, only small percentages of patients were hospitalized later in 2010–2012. Surprisingly, however in 2012–2013, we noticed that the percentages of patients hospitalized due to the pandemic H1N1 influenza infection increased significantly. Moreover, the ages of hospitalized patients differed throughout this entire period (2009–2013) and pregnant women were especially vulnerable to the infection. Conclusions High percentages of patients (especially pregnant women) were hospitalized in 2013 due to the A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, which may have been enabled by an antigenic drift from those which circulated at the onset of the pandemic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0710-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Sherbany
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK.
| | - Tal Meningher
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Rita Dichtiar
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Gertner Institute for Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Michal Perry Markovich
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Gertner Institute for Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Abstract
Although the ESwab kit (Copan, Brescia, Italy) is intended for sampling bacteria for culture, this kit is increasingly also used for virus sampling. The effect of ESwab medium on influenza virus detection by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or virus propagation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture was investigated. The ESwab medium was suitable for viral RNA detection but not for viral propagation due to cytotoxicity. Sampling influenza viruses with ESwab challenges influenza surveillance by strongly limiting the possibility of antigenic characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Trebbien
- National Influenza Center Denmark, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gupta M, McCauley J, Farkas A, Gudeloglu A, Neuberger MM, Ho YY, Yeung L, Vieweg J, Dahm P. Clinical practice guidelines on prostate cancer: a critical appraisal. J Urol 2014; 193:1153-8. [PMID: 25451831 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical practice guidelines are increasingly being used by leading organizations to promote high quality evidence-based patient care. However, the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines developed by different organizations varies considerably. We assessed published clinical practice guidelines on the treatment of localized prostate cancer to evaluate the rigor, applicability and transparency of their recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for English based clinical practice guidelines on treatment of localized prostate cancer from leading organizations in the 15-year period from 1999 to 2014. Clinical practice guidelines limited to early detection, screening, staging and/or diagnosis of prostate cancer were excluded from analysis. Four independent reviewers used the validated AGREE II instrument to assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines in 6 domains, including 1) scope and purpose, 2) stakeholder involvement, 3) rigor of development, 4) clarity of presentation, 5) applicability and 6) editorial independence. RESULTS A total of 13 clinical practice guidelines met inclusion criteria. Overall the highest median scores were in the AGREE II domains of clarity of presentation, editorial independence, and scope and purpose. The lowest median score was for applicability (28.1%). Although the median score of editorial independence was high (85.4%), variability was also substantial (IQR 12.5-100). NICE and AUA clinical practice guidelines consistently scored well in most domains. CONCLUSIONS Clinical practice guidelines from different organizations on treatment of localized prostate cancer are of variable quality and fall short of current standards in certain areas, especially in applicability and stakeholder involvement. Improvements in these key domains can enhance the impact and implementation of clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Gupta
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John McCauley
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Farkas
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ahmet Gudeloglu
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Molly M Neuberger
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Urology Section, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lawrence Yeung
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Johannes Vieweg
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Urology Section, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Rash A, Woodward A, Bryant N, McCauley J, Elton D. An efficient genome sequencing method for equine influenza [H3N8] virus reveals a new polymorphism in the PA-X protein. Virol J 2014; 11:159. [PMID: 25183201 PMCID: PMC4161859 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) has caused disease outbreaks in horses across the world since its first isolation in 1963. However, unlike human, swine and avian influenza, there is relatively little sequence data available for this virus. The majority of published sequences are for the segment encoding haemagglutinin (HA), one of the two surface glycoproteins, making it difficult to study the evolution of the other gene segments and determine the level of reassortment occurring between sub-lineages. METHODS To facilitate the generation of full genome sequences for EIV, we developed a simple, cost-effective and efficient method. M13-tagged primers were used to amplify short, overlapping RT-PCR products, which were then sequenced using Sanger dideoxynucleotide sequencing technology. We also modified a previously published method, developed for human H3N2 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses, which was based on the ligation of viral RNA and subsequent amplification by RT-PCR, to sequence the non-coding termini (NCRs). This necessitated the design of novel primers for an N8 neuraminidase segment. RESULTS Two field isolates were sequenced successfully, A/equine/Lincolnshire/1/07 and A/equine/Richmond/1/07, representative of the Florida sublineage clades 1 and 2 respectively. A total of 26 PCR products varying in length from 400-600 nucleotides allowed full coverage of the coding sequences of the eight segments, with sufficient overlap to allow sequence assembly with no primer-derived sequences. Sequences were also determined for the non-coding regions and revealed cytosine at nucleotide 4 in the polymerase segments. Analysis of EIV genomes sequenced using these methods revealed a novel polymorphism in the PA-X protein in some isolates. CONCLUSIONS These methods can be used to determine the genome sequences of EIV, including the NCRs, from both clade 1 and clade 2 of the Florida sublineage. Full genomes were covered efficiently using fewer PCR products than previously reported methods for influenza A viruses, the techniques used are affordable and the equipment required is available in most research laboratories. The adoption of these methods will hopefully allow for an increase in the number of full genomes available for EIV, leading to improved surveillance and a better understanding of EIV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rash
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK.
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35
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Streicher H, Martin SR, Coombs PJ, McCauley J, Neill-Hall D, Stanley M. A phospha-oseltamivir-biotin conjugate as a strong and selective adhesive for the influenza virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1805-7. [PMID: 24594352 PMCID: PMC3988921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and application of a molecule containing both the powerful influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor phospha-oseltamivir and d-biotin, connected via an undecaethylene glycol spacer. It inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase (from the H3N2 X31 virus) in the same range as oseltamivir, with a slow off-rate, and produces a stable NA-coated surface when loaded onto streptavidin-coated biosensors. Purified X31 virus binds to these loaded biosensors with an apparent dissociation constant in the low picomolar range and binding of antibodies to the immobilized virus could be readily detected. The compound is thus a potential candidate for the selective immobilization of influenza virus in influenza diagnosis, vaccine choice, development or testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Streicher
- 18, Tarret Burn, Didcot OX11 7FZ, UK; Chemistry Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Division of Physical Biochemistry, MRC National Institute of Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Peter J Coombs
- Division of Physical Biochemistry, MRC National Institute of Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - John McCauley
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute of Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - David Neill-Hall
- Chemistry Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Mathew Stanley
- Chemistry Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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36
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Barr IG, Russell C, Besselaar TG, Cox NJ, Daniels RS, Donis R, Engelhardt OG, Grohmann G, Itamura S, Kelso A, McCauley J, Odagiri T, Schultz-Cherry S, Shu Y, Smith D, Tashiro M, Wang D, Webby R, Xu X, Ye Z, Zhang W. WHO recommendations for the viruses used in the 2013-2014 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine: Epidemiology, antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B influenza viruses collected from October 2012 to January 2013. Vaccine 2014; 32:4713-25. [PMID: 24582632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In February the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends influenza viruses to be included in influenza vaccines for the forthcoming winter in the Northern Hemisphere. These recommendations are based on data collected by National Influenza Centres (NICs) through the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and a more detailed analysis of representative and potential antigenically variant influenza viruses from the WHO Collaborating Centres for Influenza (WHO CCs) and Essential Regulatory Laboratories (ERLs). This article provides a detailed summary of the antigenic and genetic properties of viruses and additional background data used by WHO experts during development of the recommendations of the 2013-2014 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | - Nancy J Cox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rod S Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Medical Research Council - National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), London, UK
| | - Ruben Donis
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Health Protection Agency (HPA), Potters Bar, UK
| | - Gary Grohmann
- Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Shigeyuki Itamura
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne, Australia
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Medical Research Council - National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), London, UK
| | - Takato Odagiri
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuelong Shu
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), Beijing, PR China
| | - Derek Smith
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution and WHOCC for Modelling Evolution and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, UK and Fogarty International Centre, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Masato Tashiro
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dayan Wang
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Xiyan Xu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- WHO Global Influenza Programme (GIP), Geneva, Switzerland
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37
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Broberg E, Pereyaslov D, Struelens M, Palm D, Meijer A, Ellis J, Zambon M, McCauley J, Daniels R. Laboratory preparedness in EU/EEA countries for detection of novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, May 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 24507469 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.4.20682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following human infections with novel avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe and the European Reference Laboratory Network for Human Influenza (ERLI-Net) rapidly posted relevant information, including real-time RT-PCR protocols. An influenza RNA sequence-based computational assessment of detection capabilities for this virus was conducted in 32 national influenza reference laboratories in 29 countries, mostly WHO National Influenza Centres participating in the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). Twenty-seven countries considered their generic influenza A virus detection assay to be appropriate for the novel A(H7N9) viruses. Twenty-two countries reported having containment facilities suitable for its isolation and propagation. Laboratories in 27 countries had applied specific H7 real-time RT-PCR assays and 20 countries had N9 assays in place. Positive control virus RNA was provided by the WHO Collaborating Centre in London to 34 laboratories in 22 countries to allow evaluation of their assays. Performance of the generic influenza A virus detection and H7 and N9 subtyping assays was good in 24 laboratories in 19 countries. The survey showed that ERLI-Net laboratories had rapidly developed and verified good capability to detect the novel A(H7N9) influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Broberg
- Surveillance and Response Support, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Puttarajappa C, Yabes J, Bei L, Shah N, Bernardo J, McCauley J, Basu A, Tan H, Shapiro R, Unruh M, Wu C. Cancer risk with alemtuzumab following kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:E264-71. [PMID: 23480032 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab has been employed for induction therapy in kidney transplantation with low rates of acute rejection and excellent graft and patient survival. Antibody induction therapy has been linked to increased vulnerability to cancer. Data regarding malignancy rates with alemtuzumab are limited. We studied 1350 kidney transplant recipients (between 2001 and 2009) at the University of Pittsburgh Starzl Transplant Institute, for post-transplant de novo and recurrent malignancy, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, among patients receiving alemtuzumab, thymoglobulin, and no induction therapies. Of the 1350 patients, 1002 (74.2%) received alemtuzumab, 205 (15.2%) received thymoglobulin, and 122 (9%) received no induction therapy. After excluding cancers occurring within 60 d post-transplantation, 43 (3.25%) malignancies were observed during a median follow-up time of 4.0 yr. The incidence of malignancy was 5.4% (1.09 per 100 patient-years [PY]) with thymoglobulin, 2.8% (0.74 per 100 PY) with alemtuzumab, and 3.3% (0.66 per 100 PY) with no induction (across all groups; p = 0.2342, thymoglobulin vs. alemtuzumab; p = 0.008). Thus, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer which we did not evaluate, alemtuzumab induction was not associated with increased cancer incidence post-kidney transplantation when compared to no induction therapy and was associated with lower cancer incidence when compared to thymoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Puttarajappa
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Shapiro R, Park SC, Vekasy M, Good D, Tan HP, Wijkstrom M, Sturdevant M, Lopez R, McCauley J, Wu C, Shah N, Humar A. The Living Donor Evaluation as a Life-Saving Event. Transplantation 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201211271-02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Klimov AI, Garten R, Russell C, Barr IG, Besselaar TG, Daniels R, Engelhardt OG, Grohmann G, Itamura S, Kelso A, McCauley J, Odagiri T, Smith D, Tashiro M, Xu X, Webby R, Wang D, Ye Z, Yuelong S, Zhang W, Cox N. WHO recommendations for the viruses to be used in the 2012 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine: epidemiology, antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B influenza viruses collected from February to September 2011. Vaccine 2012; 30:6461-71. [PMID: 22917957 PMCID: PMC6061925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In February and September each year the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends influenza viruses to be included in influenza vaccines for the forthcoming winters in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres respectively. These recommendations are based on data collected by National Influenza Centres (NIC) through the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and a more detailed analysis of representative and potential antigenically variant influenza viruses from the WHO Collaborating Centres for Influenza (WHO CCs) and Essential Regulatory Laboratories (ERLs). This article provides a detailed summary of the antigenic and genetic properties of viruses and additional background data used by WHO experts during development of the recommendations for the 2012 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Klimov
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Influenza Division, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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41
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Stanley M, Cattle N, McCauley J, Martin SR, Rashid A, Field RA, Carbain B, Streicher H. ‘TamiGold’: phospha-oseltamivir-stabilised gold nanoparticles as the basis for influenza therapeutics and diagnostics targeting the neuraminidase (instead of the hemagglutinin). Med Chem Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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D'Cunha J, Antonoff M, Evenson K, McCauley J, Vickers S, Saluja A, Maddaus M. Triptolide Therapy Inhibits Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Barr IG, McCauley J, Cox N, Daniels R, Engelhardt OG, Fukuda K, Grohmann G, Hay A, Kelso A, Klimov A, Odagiri T, Smith D, Russell C, Tashiro M, Webby R, Wood J, Ye Z, Zhang W. Epidemiological, antigenic and genetic characteristics of seasonal influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B influenza viruses: basis for the WHO recommendation on the composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 2009-2010 northern hemisphere season. Vaccine 2009; 28:1156-67. [PMID: 20004635 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza vaccines form an important component of the global response against infections and subsequent illness caused in man by influenza viruses. Twice a year, in February and September, the World Health Organisation through its Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN), recommends appropriate influenza viruses to be included in the seasonal influenza vaccine for the upcoming Northern and Southern Hemisphere winters. This recommendation is based on the latest data generated from many sources and the availability of viruses that are suitable for vaccine manufacture. This article gives a summary of the data and background to the recommendations for the 2009-2010 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Melbourne, Australia.
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44
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Gamlen T, Richards KH, Mankouri J, Hudson L, McCauley J, Harris M, Macdonald A. Expression of the NS3 protease of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus results in the induction of apoptosis but does not block activation of the beta interferon promoter. J Gen Virol 2009; 91:133-44. [PMID: 19793904 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.016170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; genus Pestivirus) can exist as two biotypes, cytopathogenic (CP) and non-cytopathogenic (NCP). The CP form differs from NCP by the continual expression of free non-structural protein 3 (NS3). CP BVDV infection of cultured cells induces apoptosis, whereas NCP BVDV infection has been reported to block the induction of beta interferon (IFN-beta). To investigate the viral mechanisms underlying these effects, NS3 or NS2-3 proteins of NCP and CP BVDV biotypes, together with the cognate NS3 co-factor NS4A, were expressed in cells, and their effect on apoptosis and induction of IFN-beta was investigated. Expression of NS3/4A resulted in increased activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, indicating induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Mutational analysis revealed that a protease-inactive NS3/4A was unable to induce apoptosis, suggesting that NS3 protease activity is required for initiation of apoptosis during CP BVDV infection. The ability of NS2-3 to modulate activation of the IFN-beta promoter was also investigated. These studies confirmed that, unlike the related hepatitis C virus and GB virus-B, BVDV proteases are unable to inhibit TLR3- and RIG-I-dependent activation of the IFN-beta promoter. These data suggest that BVDV NS3/4A is responsible for regulating the levels of cellular apoptosis and provide new insights regarding the viral elements associated with CP biotype pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Gamlen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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45
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Carbain B, Collins PJ, Callum L, Martin SR, Hay AJ, McCauley J, Streicher H. Efficient synthesis of highly active phospha-isosteres of the influenza neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:335-7. [PMID: 19156651 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With a Hunsdiecker-Barton iododecarboxylation strategy, we converted the carboxylate group of the oseltamivir precursor into exemplary phosphonate monoesters. In all cases, K(i) values towards influenza virus sialidase remained in the sub-nanomolar range. We have thus made valuable structural space available for the design of novel oseltamivir-based tools for influenza virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Carbain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
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46
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Abstract
Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an X-linked dominant disorder featuring developmental abnormalities of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues. Pathogenic mutations in the PORCN gene (locus Xp11.23) were identified in 2007 and thus far 27 different mutations have been reported. PORCN encodes a putative O-acyltransferase which facilitates secretion of Wnt proteins required for ectomesodermal tissue development. We investigated PORCN gene pathology and pattern of X-chromosome inactivation analysis in two unrelated Caucasian female patients who presented with multiple developmental abnormalities consistent with FDH. We also reviewed the clinical and molecular data for all reported PORCN mutations and assessed genotype-phenotype correlation for sporadic and familial cases of FDH. DNA sequencing revealed two new PORCN gene mutations: p.W282X and c.74delG (p.G25fsX51). X-chromosome inactivation analysis revealed a random pattern in one case but was uninformative in the other. Collectively, point/small mutations account for 24 out of the 29 PORCN mutations and are typically seen in sporadic cases; larger deletions are more common in familial cases. Identification of two new PORCN gene mutations confirms the importance of PORCN-associated Wnt signalling in embryogenesis. Both new cases showed Blaschko-linear dermal hypoplasia and extensive ectomesodermal abnormalities, including severe limb developmental anomalies and a giant cell tumour of bone in one patient. Clinical variability can be attributed to the degree of lyonization and postzygotic genomic mosaicism, which are important mechanisms in determining the clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Clements
- Genetic Skin Disease Group, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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47
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Tan HP, Donaldson J, Basu A, Unruh M, Randhawa P, Sharma V, Morgan C, McCauley J, Wu C, Shah N, Zeevi A, Shapiro R. Two hundred living donor kidney transplantations under alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus monotherapy: 3-year follow-up. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:355-66. [PMID: 19120078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab has been used in off-label studies of solid organ transplantation. We extend our report of the first 200 consecutive living donor solitary kidney transplantations under alemtuzumab pretreatment with tacrolimus monotherapy and subsequent spaced weaning to 3 years of follow-up. We focused especially on the causes of recipient death and graft loss, and the characteristics of rejection. The actuarial 1-, 2- and 3-year patient and graft survivals were 99.0% and 98.0%, 96.4% and 90.8% and 93.3% and 86.3%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) at the following months was 2%</=6, 9.0%</=12, 16.5%</=18, 19.5%</=24, 23.5%</=30, 24.0%</=36 and 25%</=42. The mean serum creatinine (mg/dL) and glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m(2)) at 1 and 3 years were 1.4 +/- 0.6 and 58.7 +/- 21.6 and 1.5 +/- 0.7 and 54.9 +/- 20.9, respectively. Fifty (25%) recipients had a total of 89 episodes of ACR. About 88.7% of ACR episodes were Banff 1, and of those, 82% were steroid-sensitive. Nine (4.5%) recipients had antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). About 76.5% were weaned but only 46% are currently on spaced dose (qod or less) tacrolimus monotherapy, and 94.4% remained steroid-free from the time of transplantation. Infectious complications were uncommon. This experience suggests the 3-year efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Tan
- The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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48
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Tan H, Donaldson J, Basu A, Unruh M, Randhawa P, Sharma V, Morgan C, McCauley J, Wu C, Shapiro R. 200 LIVING DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATIONS UNDER ALEMTUZUMAB PRETREATMENT AND WEANING OF TACROLIMUS MONOTHERAPY: 3 YEAR FOLLOW UP. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000332018.69787.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Tan H, Donaldson J, Basu A, Unruh M, Randhawa P, McCauley J, Morgan C, Wu C, Shah N, Shapiro R. 411 LIVING DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS USING ALEMTUZUMAB PRE-CONDITIONING AND TACROLIMUS MONOTHERAPY: 5 YEAR EXPERIENCE. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000331776.58663.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Seago J, Hilton L, Reid E, Doceul V, Jeyatheesan J, Moganeradj K, McCauley J, Charleston B, Goodbourn S. The Npro product of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus uses a conserved mechanism to target interferon regulatory factor-3. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:3002-3006. [PMID: 17947522 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. The N(pro) product of CSFV targets the host's innate immune response and can prevent the production of type I interferon (IFN). The mechanism by which CSFV orchestrates this inhibition was investigated and it is shown that, like the related pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), this involves the N(pro) protein targeting interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) for degradation by proteasomes and thus preventing IRF-3 from activating transcription from the IFN-beta promoter. Like BVDV, the steady-state levels of IRF-3 mRNA are not reduced markedly by CSFV infection or N(pro) overexpression. Moreover, IFN-alpha stimulation of CSFV-infected cells induces the antiviral protein MxA, indicating that, as in BVDV-infected cells, the JAK/STAT pathway is not targeted for inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Seago
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Louise Hilton
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elizabeth Reid
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Virginie Doceul
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Janan Jeyatheesan
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Kartykayan Moganeradj
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - John McCauley
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
| | - Bryan Charleston
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Stephen Goodbourn
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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