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Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Brewer MK, Torres P, Ayala V, Portero-Otin M, Pamplona R, Andrés-Benito P, Ferrer I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Glycogen accumulation modulates life span in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2024; 168:744-759. [PMID: 37401737 PMCID: PMC10764643 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, have been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS, and metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of the disease. Glycogen is a soluble polymer of glucose found at low levels in the central nervous system that plays an important role in memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the prevention of seizures. However, its accumulation in astrocytes and/or neurons is associated with pathological conditions and aging. Importantly, glycogen accumulation has been reported in the spinal cord of human ALS patients and mouse models. In the present work, using the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, we show that glycogen accumulates in the spinal cord and brainstem during symptomatic and end stages of the disease and that the accumulated glycogen is associated with reactive astrocytes. To study the contribution of glycogen to ALS progression, we generated SOD1G93A mice with reduced glycogen synthesis (SOD1G93A GShet mice). SOD1G93A GShet mice had a significantly longer life span than SOD1G93A mice and showed lower levels of the astrocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine Cxcl10, suggesting that the accumulation of glycogen is associated with an inflammatory response. Supporting this, inducing an increase in glycogen synthesis reduced life span in SOD1G93A mice. Altogether, these results suggest that glycogen in reactive astrocytes contributes to neurotoxicity and disease progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kathryn Brewer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascual Torres
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Verdu-Rotellar JM, Calero E, Duran J, Navas E, Alonso S, Argemí N, Casademunt M, Furió P, Casajuana E, Vinyoles E, Muñoz MA. Impact of malnutrition on the quality of life in older patients with advanced heart failure: a cohort study. Rev Clin Esp 2024; 224:105-113. [PMID: 38280424 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, the clinical characteristics associated with malnutrition and the impact of nutritional status on mortality, quality of life, self-care abilities, and activities of daily living in the older patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS A prospective multicentre cohort study including 260 community-dwelling elderly patients with advanced HF was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019. The study was carried out in 22 primary healthcare centres, three university hospitals, one acute-care hospital, and one geriatric rehabilitation unit in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Nutritional status was assessed at baseline using the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire. Patient-reported outcome measures included quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), self-care behaviour (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale) and impact on activities of daily living (Barthel Index). RESULTS Using the MNA-SF, 126 (48.5%) patients were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and 33 (12.7%) patients as having confirmed malnutrition. Compared to HF patients with normal nutritional status, patients with confirmed malnutrition were significantly older, with a lower BMI, and with reduced haemoglobin levels. During follow-up (median 14.9 months, Interquartile Range; 4.9-26.9), 133 (51.2%) of the included participants died, and mortality was significantly higher among patients identified as having malnutrition (p < 0.001). Better Barthel index and quality of life scores were inversely related to the risk of malnutrition, [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.97 (95% Confidence interval 0.96; 0.98) and OR 0.98 (95% Confidence interval, 0.96; 0.99)], respectively. Higher scores in the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale, which implies worse self care, were related to higher malnutrition risk, OR 1.05 (95% Confidence interval, 1.02; 1.09. Adjusted multivariate logistic model found that malnutrition was significantly associated with poor quality of life, and adverse impacts on daily activities and self-care. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older patients with advanced HF, malnutrition was associated with worse patient reported outcome measures related to poor quality of life, and adverse impacts on self-care and daily activities. Nutritional status must be systematically addressed by primary care nurses and family doctors to improve survival rates in these patients. It would be helpful the incorporation of expert professionals in nutrition in the primary health care centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Verdu-Rotellar
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, School of Medicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Calero
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Duran
- Clinica Sant Antoni (Institut Medic i de Rehabilitació), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Navas
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Argemí
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Casademunt
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Furió
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Casajuana
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vinyoles
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina (School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Muñoz
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, School of Medicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.
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Duran J, Mateos J, Moyano A, Companyó X. Catalytic asymmetric defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7147-7153. [PMID: 37416711 PMCID: PMC10321495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereocontrolled installation of alkyl fragments at the alpha position of ketones is a fundamental yet unresolved transformation in organic chemistry. Herein we report a new catalytic methodology able to construct α-allyl ketones via defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers in a regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The protocol leverages the unique features of the fluorine atom to simultaneously act as a leaving group and to activate the fluorophilic nucleophile via a Si-F interaction. A series of spectroscopic, electroanalytic and kinetic experiments demonstrate the crucial interplay of the Si-F interaction for successful reactivity and selectivity. The generality of the transformation is demonstrated by synthesising a wide set of structurally diverse α-allylated ketones bearing two contiguous stereocenters. Remarkably, the catalytic protocol is amenable for the allylation of biologically significant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Javier Mateos
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Albert Moyano
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
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Pathmanapan S, Poon R, De Renshaw TB, Nadesan P, Nakagawa M, Seesankar GA, Ho Loe AK, Zhang HH, Guinovart JJ, Duran J, Newgard CB, Wunder JS, Alman BA. Mutant IDH regulates glycogen metabolism from early cartilage development to malignant chondrosarcoma formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112578. [PMID: 37267108 PMCID: PMC10592452 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are the most common malignancy of cartilage and are associated with somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes. Somatic IDH mutations are also found in its benign precursor lesion, enchondromas, suggesting that IDH mutations are early events in malignant transformation. Human mutant IDH chondrosarcomas and mutant Idh mice that develop enchondromas investigated in our studies display glycogen deposition exclusively in mutant cells from IDH mutant chondrosarcomas and Idh1 mutant murine growth plates. Pharmacologic blockade of glycogen utilization induces changes in tumor cell behavior, downstream energetic pathways, and tumor burden in vitro and in vivo. Mutant IDH1 interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) to regulate expression of key enzymes in glycogen metabolism. Here, we show a critical role for glycogen in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas, which is likely mediated through an interaction with mutant IDH1 and HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinthu Pathmanapan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond Poon
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Makoto Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gireesh A Seesankar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyuan H Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute and the University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Duran J. Role of Astrocytes in the Pathophysiology of Lafora Disease and Other Glycogen Storage Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050722. [PMID: 36899857 PMCID: PMC10000527 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease is a rare disorder caused by loss of function mutations in either the EPM2A or NHLRC1 gene. The initial symptoms of this condition are most commonly epileptic seizures, but the disease progresses rapidly with dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive deterioration and has a fatal outcome within 5-10 years after onset. The hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of poorly branched glycogen in the form of aggregates known as Lafora bodies in the brain and other tissues. Several reports have demonstrated that the accumulation of this abnormal glycogen underlies all the pathologic traits of the disease. For decades, Lafora bodies were thought to accumulate exclusively in neurons. However, it was recently identified that most of these glycogen aggregates are present in astrocytes. Importantly, astrocytic Lafora bodies have been shown to contribute to pathology in Lafora disease. These results identify a primary role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of Lafora disease and have important implications for other conditions in which glycogen abnormally accumulates in astrocytes, such as Adult Polyglucosan Body disease and the buildup of Corpora amylacea in aged brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Varea O, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Malin restoration as proof of concept for gene therapy for Lafora disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac168. [PMID: 35813879 PMCID: PMC9260307 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease is a fatal neurodegenerative childhood dementia caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the laforin or malin gene. The hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of abnormal glycogen aggregates known as Lafora bodies (LBs) in the brain and other tissues. These aggregates are responsible for the pathological features of the disease. As a monogenic disorder, Lafora disease is a good candidate for gene therapy-based approaches. However, most patients are diagnosed after the appearance of the first symptoms and thus when LBs are already present in the brain. In this context, it was not clear whether the restoration of a normal copy of the defective gene (either laforin or malin) would prove effective. Here we evaluated the effect of restoring malin in a malin-deficient mouse model of Lafora disease as a proof of concept for gene replacement therapy. To this end, we generated a malin-deficient mouse in which malin expression can be induced at a certain time. Our results reveal that malin restoration at an advanced stage of the disease arrests the accumulation of LBs in brain and muscle, induces the degradation of laforin and glycogen synthase bound to the aggregates, and ameliorates neuroinflammation. These results identify malin restoration as the first therapeutic strategy to show effectiveness when applied at advanced stages of Lafora disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Varea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid 28029 , Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid 28029 , Spain
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) , Barcelona 08017 , Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
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Brown M, Cruz Rodgriguez J, Duran J, Tran H, Urey M, Silva J, Winnike K, Topik A, Anguiano H, Kearns M, Pretorius V, Adler E. Outcomes in Cardiac Transplantation in Patients with a History of Methamphetamine Use: A Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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López-Soldado I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Hepatic overexpression of protein targeting to glycogen attenuates obesity and improves hyperglycemia in db/db mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:969924. [PMID: 36157460 PMCID: PMC9500150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.969924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased liver glycogen content has been shown to reduce food intake, attenuate obesity, and improve glucose tolerance in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Here we studied the contribution of liver glycogen to the regulation of obesity and glucose metabolism in a model of type 2 diabetes and obesity, namely the db/db mouse. To this end, we crossed db/db mice with animals overexpressing protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in the liver to generate db/db mice with increased liver glycogen content (db/db-PTG). Hepatic PTG overexpression reduced food intake and fat weight and attenuated obesity and hyperglycemia in db/db mice. Db/db-PTG mice showed similar energy expenditure and physical activity to db/db mice. PTG overexpression reduced liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) protein levels and repressed hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. Moreover, increased liver glycogen elevated hepatic ATP content in these animals. However, lipid metabolism was not modified by PTG overexpression. In conclusion, increased liver glycogen content ameliorates the diabetic and obesity phenotype in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Iliana López-Soldado,
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Pellegrini P, Hervera A, Varea O, Brewer MK, López-Soldado I, Guitart A, Aguilera M, Prats N, del Río JA, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Lack of p62 Impairs Glycogen Aggregation and Exacerbates Pathology in a Mouse Model of Myoclonic Epilepsy of Lafora. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1214-1229. [PMID: 34962634 PMCID: PMC8857170 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal childhood-onset dementia characterized by the extensive accumulation of glycogen aggregates—the so-called Lafora Bodies (LBs)—in several organs. The accumulation of LBs in the brain underlies the neurological phenotype of the disease. LBs are composed of abnormal glycogen and various associated proteins, including p62, an autophagy adaptor that participates in the aggregation and clearance of misfolded proteins. To study the role of p62 in the formation of LBs and its participation in the pathology of LD, we generated a mouse model of the disease (malinKO) lacking p62. Deletion of p62 prevented LB accumulation in skeletal muscle and cardiac tissue. In the brain, the absence of p62 altered LB morphology and increased susceptibility to epilepsy. These results demonstrate that p62 participates in the formation of LBs and suggest that the sequestration of abnormal glycogen into LBs is a protective mechanism through which it reduces the deleterious consequences of its accumulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pellegrini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Varea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Kathryn Brewer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Guitart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, University Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Santamans AM, Montalvo-Romeral V, Mora A, Lopez JA, González-Romero F, Jimenez-Blasco D, Rodríguez E, Pintor-Chocano A, Casanueva-Benítez C, Acín-Pérez R, Leiva-Vega L, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Enríquez JA, Villlalba-Orero M, Bolaños JP, Aspichueta P, Vázquez J, González-Terán B, Sabio G. p38γ and p38δ regulate postnatal cardiac metabolism through glycogen synthase 1. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001447. [PMID: 34758018 PMCID: PMC8612745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first weeks of postnatal heart development, cardiomyocytes undergo a major adaptive metabolic shift from glycolytic energy production to fatty acid oxidation. This metabolic change is contemporaneous to the up-regulation and activation of the p38γ and p38δ stress-activated protein kinases in the heart. We demonstrate that p38γ/δ contribute to the early postnatal cardiac metabolic switch through inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) and glycogen metabolism inactivation. Premature induction of p38γ/δ activation in cardiomyocytes of newborn mice results in an early GYS1 phosphorylation and inhibition of cardiac glycogen production, triggering an early metabolic shift that induces a deficit in cardiomyocyte fuel supply, leading to whole-body metabolic deregulation and maladaptive cardiac pathogenesis. Notably, the adverse effects of forced premature cardiac p38γ/δ activation in neonate mice are prevented by maternal diet supplementation of fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. These results suggest that diet interventions have a potential for treating human cardiac genetic diseases that affect heart metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco González-Romero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villlalba-Orero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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López-Soldado I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Increased liver glycogen levels enhance exercise capacity in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100976. [PMID: 34284060 PMCID: PMC8350413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle glycogen depletion has been proposed as one of the main causes of fatigue during exercise. However, few studies have addressed the contribution of liver glycogen to exercise performance. Using a low-intensity running protocol, here, we analyzed exercise capacity in mice overexpressing protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) specifically in the liver (PTGOE mice), which show a high concentration of glycogen in this organ. PTGOE mice showed improved exercise capacity, as determined by the distance covered and time ran in an extenuating endurance exercise, compared with control mice. Moreover, fasting decreased exercise capacity in control mice but not in PTGOE mice. After exercise, liver glycogen stores were totally depleted in control mice, but PTGOE mice maintained significant glycogen levels even in fasting conditions. In addition, PTGOE mice displayed an increased hepatic energy state after exercise compared with control mice. Exercise caused a reduction in the blood glucose concentration in control mice that was less pronounced in PTGOE mice. No changes were found in the levels of blood lactate, plasma free fatty acids, or β-hydroxybutyrate. Plasma glucagon was elevated after exercise in control mice, but not in PTGOE mice. Exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle were similar in both genotypes. These results identify hepatic glycogen as a key regulator of endurance capacity in mice, an effect that may be exerted through the maintenance of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Sadiku P, Willson JA, Ryan EM, Sammut D, Coelho P, Watts ER, Grecian R, Young JM, Bewley M, Arienti S, Mirchandani AS, Sanchez Garcia MA, Morrison T, Zhang A, Reyes L, Griessler T, Jheeta P, Paterson GG, Graham CJ, Thomson JP, Baillie K, Thompson AR, Morgan JM, Acosta-Sanchez A, Dardé VM, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Von Kriegsheim A, Meehan RR, Mazzone M, Dockrell DH, Ghesquiere B, Carmeliet P, Whyte MK, Walmsley SR. Neutrophils fuel effective immune responses through gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1062-1064. [PMID: 33951466 PMCID: PMC8102058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Malinska D, Testoni G, Bejtka M, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Duszynski J. Alteration of mitochondrial function in the livers of mice with glycogen branching enzyme deficiency. Biochimie 2021; 186:28-32. [PMID: 33857563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) is caused by mutations in the glycogen branching enzyme gene (GBE1) that lead to the accumulation of aberrant glycogen in affected tissues, mostly in the liver. To determine whether dysfunctional glycogen metabolism in GSD IV affects other components of cellular bioenergetics, we studied mitochondrial function in heterozygous Gbe1 knockout (Gbe1+/-) mice. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of Gbe1+/- mice showed elevated respiratory complex I activity and increased reactive oxygen species production, particularly by respiratory chain complex III. These observations indicate that GBE1 deficiency leads to broader rearrangements in energy metabolism and that the mechanisms underlying GSD IV pathogenesis may include more than merely mechanical cell damage caused by the presence of glycogen aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malinska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Giorgia Testoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Malgorzata Bejtka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Duran J, Hervera A, Markussen KH, Varea O, López-Soldado I, Sun RC, Del Río JA, Gentry MS, Guinovart JJ. Astrocytic glycogen accumulation drives the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration in Lafora disease. Brain 2021; 144:2349-2360. [PMID: 33822008 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of Lafora disease, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is the accumulation of intracellular glycogen aggregates, called Lafora bodies. Until recently, it was widely believed that brain Lafora bodies were present exclusively in neurons and thus that Lafora disease pathology derived from their accumulation in this cell population. However, recent evidence indicates that Lafora bodies are also present in astrocytes. To define the role of astrocytic Lafora bodies in Lafora disease pathology, we deleted glycogen synthase specifically from astrocytes in a mouse model of the disease (malinKO). Strikingly, blocking glycogen synthesis in astrocytes-thus impeding Lafora bodies accumulation in this cell type-prevented the increase in neurodegeneration markers, autophagy impairment, and metabolic changes characteristic of the malinKO model. Conversely, mice that overaccumulate glycogen in astrocytes showed an increase in these markers. These results unveil the deleterious consequences of the deregulation of glycogen metabolism in astrocytes and change the perspective that Lafora disease is caused solely by alterations in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kia H Markussen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Olga Varea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Del Río
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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16
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López-Soldado I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Increasing hepatic glycogen moderates the diabetic phenotype in insulin-deficient Akita mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100498. [PMID: 33667544 PMCID: PMC8027280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glycogen metabolism is impaired in diabetes. We previously demonstrated that strategies to increase liver glycogen content in a high-fat-diet mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance led to a reduction in food intake and ameliorated obesity and glucose tolerance. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in insulin levels, but whether this decrease contributed to the phenotype observed in this animal was unclear. Here we sought to evaluate this aspect directly, by examining the long-term effects of increasing liver glycogen in an animal model of insulin-deficient and monogenic diabetes, namely the Akita mouse, which is characterized by reduced insulin production. We crossed Akita mice with animals overexpressing protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in the liver to generate Akita mice with increased liver glycogen content (Akita-PTGOE). Akita-PTGOE animals showed lower glycemia, lower food intake, and decreased water consumption and urine output compared with Akita mice. Furthermore, Akita-PTGOE mice showed a restoration of the hepatic energy state and a normalization of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis back to nondiabetic levels. Moreover, hepatic lipogenesis, which is reduced in Akita mice, was reverted in Akita-PTGOE animals. These results demonstrate that strategies to increase liver glycogen content lead to the long-term reduction of the diabetic phenotype, independently of circulating insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Sadiku P, Willson JA, Ryan EM, Sammut D, Coelho P, Watts ER, Grecian R, Young JM, Bewley M, Arienti S, Mirchandani AS, Sanchez Garcia MA, Morrison T, Zhang A, Reyes L, Griessler T, Jheeta P, Paterson GG, Graham CJ, Thomson JP, Baillie K, Thompson AAR, Morgan JM, Acosta-Sanchez A, Dardé VM, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Von Kriegsheim A, Meehan RR, Mazzone M, Dockrell DH, Ghesquiere B, Carmeliet P, Whyte MKB, Walmsley SR. Neutrophils Fuel Effective Immune Responses through Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:411-423.e4. [PMID: 33306983 PMCID: PMC7863914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils can function and survive in injured and infected tissues, where oxygen and metabolic substrates are limited. Using radioactive flux assays and LC-MS tracing with U-13C glucose, glutamine, and pyruvate, we observe that neutrophils require the generation of intracellular glycogen stores by gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis for effective survival and bacterial killing. These metabolic adaptations are dynamic, with net increases in glycogen stores observed following LPS challenge or altitude-induced hypoxia. Neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have reduced glycogen cycling, resulting in impaired function. Metabolic specialization of neutrophils may therefore underpin disease pathology and allow selective therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranvera Sadiku
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joseph A Willson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Eilise M Ryan
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Sammut
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Patricia Coelho
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emily R Watts
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Robert Grecian
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jason M Young
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin Bewley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Simone Arienti
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ananda S Mirchandani
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Manuel A Sanchez Garcia
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tyler Morrison
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ailing Zhang
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Leila Reyes
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tobias Griessler
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Privjyot Jheeta
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gordon G Paterson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Christopher J Graham
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John P Thomson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kenneth Baillie
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A A Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jessie-May Morgan
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Abel Acosta-Sanchez
- Metabolomics Expertise Centre, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Veronica M Dardé
- Metabolomics Expertise Centre, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Gio Rodriguez-Blanco
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alex Von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - David H Dockrell
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Bart Ghesquiere
- Metabolomics Expertise Centre, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Moira K B Whyte
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah R Walmsley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Testoni G, Olmeda B, Duran J, López-Rodríguez E, Aguilera M, Hernández-Álvarez MI, Prats N, Pérez-Gil J, Guinovart JJ. Pulmonary glycogen deficiency as a new potential cause of respiratory distress syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3554-3565. [PMID: 33219378 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycogenin knockout mouse is a model of Glycogen Storage Disease type XV. These animals show high perinatal mortality (90%) due to respiratory failure. The lungs of glycogenin-deficient embryos and P0 mice have a lower glycogen content than that of wild-type counterparts. Embryonic lungs were found to have decreased levels of mature surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C, together with incomplete processing of precursors. Furthermore, non-surviving pups showed collapsed sacculi, which may be linked to a significantly reduced amount of surfactant proteins. A similar pattern was observed in glycogen synthase1-deficient mice, which are devoid of glycogen in the lungs and are also affected by high perinatal mortality due to atelectasis. These results indicate that glycogen availability is a key factor for the burst of surfactant production required to ensure correct lung expansion at the establishment of air breathing. Our findings confirm that glycogen deficiency in lungs can cause respiratory distress syndrome and suggest that mutations in glycogenin and glycogen synthase 1 genes may underlie cases of idiopathic neonatal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Testoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Olmeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López-Rodríguez
- Institute of Functional Anatomy Wilhelm-Waldeyer-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Duran J, Brewer MK, Hervera A, Gruart A, Del Rio JA, Delgado-García JM, Guinovart JJ. Lack of Astrocytic Glycogen Alters Synaptic Plasticity but Not Seizure Susceptibility. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4657-4666. [PMID: 32770452 PMCID: PMC7530046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain glycogen is mainly stored in astrocytes. However, recent studies both in vitro and in vivo indicate that glycogen also plays important roles in neurons. By conditional deletion of glycogen synthase (GYS1), we previously developed a mouse model entirely devoid of glycogen in the central nervous system (GYS1Nestin-KO). These mice displayed altered electrophysiological properties in the hippocampus and increased susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures. To understand which of these functions are related to astrocytic glycogen, in the present study, we generated a mouse model in which glycogen synthesis is eliminated specifically in astrocytes (GYS1Gfap-KO). Electrophysiological recordings of awake behaving mice revealed alterations in input/output curves and impaired long-term potentiation, similar, but to a lesser extent, to those obtained with GYS1Nestin-KO mice. Surprisingly, GYS1Gfap-KO mice displayed no change in susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures as determined by fEPSP recordings and video monitoring. These results confirm the importance of astrocytic glycogen in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Kathryn Brewer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Del Rio
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Malinska D, Testoni G, Duran J, Brudnicka A, Guinovart JJ, Duszynski J. Hallmarks of oxidative stress in the livers of aged mice with mild glycogen branching enzyme deficiency. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108626. [PMID: 33049291 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1) introduces branching points in the glycogen molecule during its synthesis. Pathogenic GBE1 gene mutations lead to glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV), which is characterized by excessive intracellular accumulation of abnormal, poorly branched glycogen in affected tissues and organs, mostly in the liver. Using heterozygous Gbe1 knock-out mice (Gbe1+/-), we analyzed the effects of moderate GBE1 deficiency on oxidative stress in the liver. The livers of aged Gbe1+/- mice (22 months old) had decreased GBE1 protein levels, which caused a mild decrease in the degree of glycogen branching, but did not affect the tissue glycogen content. GBE1 deficiency was accompanied by increased protein carbonylation and elevated oxidation of the glutathione pool, indicating the existence of oxidative stress. Furthermore, we have observed increased levels of glutathione peroxidase and decreased activity of respiratory complex I in Gbe1+/- livers. Our data indicate that even mild changes in the degree of glycogen branching, which did not lead to excessive glycogen accumulation, may have broader effects on cellular bioenergetics and redox homeostasis. In young animals cellular homeostatic mechanisms are able to counteract those changes, while in aged tissues the changes may lead to increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malinska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Giorgia Testoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicja Brudnicka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Duran J, Zitko P, Margozzini P. THU0459 CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN IN CHILE: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a key cause of health loss worldwide. Cultural factors may affect pain processing and it is key to have more information regarding CMP epidemiology in Latin America.Objectives:We aimed to determine the prevalence of CMP and Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP) in Chile and to explore risk factors.Methods:We used data recollected in the 2017 Chilean National Health Survey. Using COPCORD we defined CMP as non-traumatic pain for more than three months. CWP was defined by the presence of CMP in five body regions. Associations between CMP and CWP and risk factors was investigated through univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results:After excluding subjects with missing information our final sample was 4045 subjects. CMP was present in 21,8% (95% CI 19,6%, 24,1%) and CWP in 4.2% (95% CI 3,3%, 5,1%). Significant risk factors for CMP in multivariate analysis were older age, female gender, lower educational level, and depressive symptoms. Protective factors for CMP were not being married and moderate alcohol consumption. CWP shared risk factors with CMP. (Table 1)Table 1.Results from logistic regression models, univariate and multivariate, for CMP and CWP,Models for CMPModels for CWPUniivariateMultivariateUnivariateMultivariateORCIORLCIORCIORLCIAge (x 10 years)1.29[1.2 - 1.38]1.33[1.19 - 1.48]1.29[1.2 - 1.38]1.37[1.15 - 1.63]Sex (females)1.97[1.48 - 2.63]1.86[1.34 - 2.6]1.97[1.48 - 2.63]2.83[1.54 - 5.21]Marital statusmarried/ cohabiting1.00-1.00-1.00-1.00-annulled/separated/divorced0.95[0.62 - 1.46]0.61[0.38 - 0.99]0.95[0.62 - 1.46]0.60[0.3 - 1.17]widower0.92[0.63 - 1.35]0.41[0.26 - 0.64]0.92[0.63 - 1.35]0.51[0.26 - 0.97]Single0.48[0.35 - 0.67]0.73[0.5 - 1.06]0.48[0.35 - 0.67]0.67[0.35 - 1.26]Education> 12 years1.00-1.00-1.00-1.00-9 - 12 years1.79[1.22 - 2.61]1.59[1.06 - 2.39]1.79[1.22 - 2.61]1.08[0.51 - 2.31]< 9 years2.44[1.67 - 3.59]1.42[0.92 - 2.19]2.44[1.67 - 3.59]0.87[0.39 - 1.95]Ocupationworking for salary1.00-1.00-1.00-1.00-loking for work0.93[0.45 - 1.92]1.18[0.54 - 2.61]0.93[0.45 - 1.92]0.50[0.1 - 2.48]working without salary1.67[1.2 - 2.33]1.04[0.71 - 1.53]1.67[1.2 - 2.33]1.27[0.69 - 2.36]Not working1.00[0.72 - 1.38]0.96[0.65 - 1.42]1.00[0.72 - 1.38]1.05[0.61 - 1.79]Depresive symptoms2.41[1.71 - 3.39]2.21[1.53 - 3.18]2.41[1.71 - 3.39]2.05[1.28 - 3.29]Diabetes1.97[1.39 - 2.78]1.30[0.88 - 1.91]1.97[1.39 - 2.78]2.11[1.28 - 3.49]Alcohol consumption*abstemious1.00-1.00-1.00-1.00-mild consumption0.79[0.6 - 1.04]1.04[0.76 - 1.41]0.79[0.6 - 1.04]0.49[0.29 - 0.81]moderate consumption0.17[0.07 - 0.44]0.19[0.07 - 0.55]0.17[0.07 - 0.44]0.10[0.01 - 0.92]severe consumption1.50[0.53 - 4.26]2.28[0.82 - 6.34]1.50[0.53 - 4.26]3.97[0.91 - 17.28]Physical Activity**0.57[0.39 - 0.82]0.92[0.62 - 1.37]0.57[0.39 - 0.82]0.87[0.4 - 1.9]Tobacco consumption***0.97[0.72 - 1.29]1.30[0.94 - 1.81]0.97[0.72 - 1.29]1.92[1.13 - 3.28]BMI (kg/m2)<200.45[0.19 - 1.08]0.41[0.16 - 1.07]0.45[0.19 - 1.08]0.57[0.14 - 2.37]20 -<251.00-1.00-1.00-1.00-25 - <301.01[0.69 - 1.48]0.80[0.55 - 1.18]1.01[0.69 - 1.48]0.56[0.32 - 1.01]30- <351.02[0.68 - 1.54]0.78[0.51 - 1.19]1.02[0.68 - 1.54]0.88[0.47 - 1.67]>=351.72[1.1 - 2.71]1.16[0.72 - 1.88]1.72[1.1 - 2.71]1.07[0.5 - 2.28]* Abstemious last 12 months/ mild consumption: <20gr/day for women and <40gr/d for men/ moderate consumption: >=20 and <40rg/d for women, and >=40 and <60 for men/ severe: >=40 gr/d for women and >=60gr/d for men./ ** Practice of sports or physical activity during on the last month, outside of work schedule, for 30 minutes or longer each time/ *** Current consumptionConclusion:We found a high prevalence for CMP and CWP similar to values previously described. Female gender, older age, depressive symptoms and diabetes were the main risk factors associated with chronic pain, while moderate alcohol consumption was found to be protective.References:xDisclosure of Interests: :None declared
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22
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López-Soldado I, Bertini A, Adrover A, Duran J, Guinovart JJ. Maintenance of liver glycogen during long-term fasting preserves energy state in mice. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1698-1710. [PMID: 32159852 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen shortage during fasting coincides with dramatic changes in hepatic adenine nucleotide levels. The aim of this work was to study the relevance of liver glycogen in the regulation of the hepatic energy state during food deprivation. To this end, we examined the response of mice with sustained increased liver glycogen content to prolonged fasting. In order to increase hepatic glycogen content, we generated mice that overexpress protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in the liver (PTGOE mice). Control and PTGOE mice were fed ad libitum or fasted for 36 h. Upon fasting, PTGOE mice retained significant hepatic glycogen stores and maintained hepatic energy status. Furthermore, we show that liver glycogen controls insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and ketogenesis upon nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelo Bertini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Anna Adrover
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Zuend M, Saab AS, Wyss MT, Ferrari KD, Hösli L, Looser ZJ, Stobart JL, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Barros LF, Weber B. Arousal-induced cortical activity triggers lactate release from astrocytes. Nat Metab 2020; 2:179-191. [PMID: 32694692 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that, in states of arousal, release of noradrenaline and β-adrenergic signalling affect long-term memory formation by stimulating astrocytic lactate production from glycogen. However, the temporal relationship between cortical activity and cellular lactate fluctuations upon changes in arousal remains to be fully established. Also, the role of β-adrenergic signalling and brain glycogen metabolism on neural lactate dynamics in vivo is still unknown. Here, we show that an arousal-induced increase in cortical activity triggers lactate release into the extracellular space, and this correlates with a fast and prominent lactate dip in astrocytes. The immediate drop in astrocytic lactate concentration and the parallel increase in extracellular lactate levels underline an activity-dependent lactate release from astrocytes. Moreover, when β-adrenergic signalling is blocked or the brain is depleted of glycogen, the arousal-evoked cellular lactate surges are significantly reduced. We provide in vivo evidence that cortical activation upon arousal triggers lactate release from astrocytes, a rise in intracellular lactate levels mediated by β-adrenergic signalling and the mobilization of lactate from glycogen stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Zuend
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aiman S Saab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias T Wyss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim David Ferrari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ladina Hösli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zoe J Looser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jillian L Stobart
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Duran J, Gruart A, López-Ramos JC, Delgado-García JM, Guinovart JJ. Glycogen in Astrocytes and Neurons: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Adv Neurobiol 2019; 23:311-329. [PMID: 31667813 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain glycogen is stored mainly in astrocytes, although neurons also have an active glycogen metabolism. Glycogen has gained relevance as a key player in brain function. In this regard, genetically modified animals have allowed researchers to unravel new roles of this polysaccharide in the brain. Remarkably, mice in which glycogen synthase is abolished in the brain, and thus devoid of brain glycogen, are viable, thereby indicating that the polysaccharide in this organ is not a requirement for survival. While there was growing evidence supporting a role of glycogen in learning and memory, these animals have now confirmed that glycogen participates in these two processes.The association of epilepsy with brain glycogen has also attracted attention. Analysis of genetically modified mice indicates that the relation between brain glycogen and epilepsy is complex. While the formation of glycogen aggregates clearly underlies epilepsy, as in Lafora Disease (LD), the absence of glycogen also favors the occurrence of seizures.LD is a rare genetic condition that affects children. It is characterized by epileptic seizures and neurodegeneration, and it develops rapidly until finally causing death. Research into this disease has unveiled new aspects of glycogen metabolism. Animal models of LD accumulate polyglucosan bodies formed by aberrant glycogen aggregates, called Lafora bodies (LBs). The abolition of glycogen synthase (GS) prevents the formation of LBs and the development of LD, thereby indicating that glycogen accumulation underlies this disease and the associated symptoms, and thus establishing a clear relation between the accumulation of glycogen aggregates and the incidence of seizures.Although it was initially accepted that LBs were essentially neuronal, it is now evident that astrocytes also accumulate polyglucosan aggregates in LD. However, the appearance and composition of these deposits differs from that observed in neurons. Of note, the astrocytic aggregates in LD models show remarkable similarities with corpora amylacea (CA), a type of polyglucosan aggregate observed in the brains of aged mice and humans. The abolition of GS in mice also impedes the formation of CA with age and at the same time prevents the formation of a number of protein aggregates associated with aging. Therefore CA may play a role in age-related neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Duran J, Gruart A, Varea O, López-Soldado I, Delgado-García JM, Guinovart JJ. Lack of Neuronal Glycogen Impairs Memory Formation and Learning-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:374. [PMID: 31456667 PMCID: PMC6700221 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since brain glycogen is stored mainly in astrocytes, the role of this polysaccharide in neurons has been largely overlooked. To study the existence and relevance of an active neuronal glycogen metabolism in vivo, we generated a mouse model lacking glycogen synthase specifically in the Camk2a-expressing postnatal forebrain pyramidal neurons (GYS1Camk2a–KO), which include the prefrontal cortex and the CA3 and CA1 cell layers of the hippocampus. The latter are involved in memory and learning processes and participate in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse, the function of which can be analyzed electrophysiologically. Long-term potentiation evoked in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse was decreased in alert behaving GYS1Camk2a–KO mice. They also showed a significant deficiency in the acquisition of an instrumental learning task – a type of associative learning involving prefrontal and hippocampal circuits. Interestingly, GYS1Camk2a–KO animals did not show the greater susceptibility to hippocampal seizures and myoclonus observed in animals completely depleted of glycogen in the whole CNS. These results unequivocally demonstrate the presence of an active glycogen metabolism in neurons in vivo and reveal a key role of neuronal glycogen in the proper acquisition of new motor and cognitive abilities, and in the changes in synaptic strength underlying such acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Olga Varea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Augé E, Pelegrí C, Manich G, Cabezón I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J, Vilaplana J. Astrocytes and neurons produce distinct types of polyglucosan bodies in Lafora disease. Glia 2018; 66:2094-2107. [PMID: 30152044 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD), the most devastating adolescence-onset epilepsy, is caused by mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B genes, which encode the proteins laforin and malin, respectively. Loss of function of one of these proteins, which are involved in the regulation of glycogen synthesis, induces the accumulation of polyglucosan bodies (PGBs)-known as Lafora bodies (LBs) and associated with neurons-in the brain. Ageing and some neurodegenerative conditions lead to the appearance of another type of PGB called corpora amylacea, which are associated with astrocytes and contain neo-epitopes that can be recognized by natural antibodies. Here we studied the PGBs in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of malin knockout mice, a mouse model of LD. These animals presented not only LBs associated with neurons but also a significant number of PGBs associated with astrocytes. These astrocytic PGBs were also increased in mice from senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) strain and mice with overexpression of Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTGOE ), indicating that they are not exclusive of LD. The astrocytic PGBs, but not neuronal LBs, contained neo-epitopes that are recognized by natural antibodies. The astrocytic PGBs appeared predominantly in the hippocampus but were also present in some cortical brain regions, while neuronal LBs were found mainly in the brain cortex and the pyramidal layer of hippocampal regions CA2 and CA3. Our results indicate that astrocytes, contrary to current belief, are involved in the etiopathogenesis of LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Augé
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Manich
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itsaso Cabezón
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Boeta‐Lopez K, Duran J, Elizondo D, Gonzales E, Rentfro A, Schwarzbach AE, Nair S. Association of interleukin-6 polymorphisms with obesity or metabolic traits in young Mexican-Americans. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:85-96. [PMID: 29479468 PMCID: PMC5818745 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study is to investigate the association of interleukin-6 (IL6) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800797 (-597 G/A) and rs1800796 (-572 G/C) with obesity or metabolic syndrome in Mexican-Americans. Methods The rs1800797 and rs1800796 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in Mexican-Americans (n = 437) from South Texas, and results were correlated with measures of obesity and metabolic syndrome including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, liver enzymes, plasma IL6 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results Significant associations were found for the rs1800796 variant with increased waist circumference, insulin resistance, lower IL6 levels and higher hs-CRP levels. The rs1800797 variant showed no associations with metabolic traits but was associated with higher IL6 levels and lower hs-CRP levels. Conclusions Findings in this study support the anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and glucose homeostatic roles of IL6 in Mexican-American youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Boeta‐Lopez
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - J. Duran
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - D. Elizondo
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - E. Gonzales
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - A. Rentfro
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - A. E. Schwarzbach
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - S. Nair
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTXUSA
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Duran J, Argudo D, Bravo S, Soria C, Guevara G, Alberio R. 86 Difficulty of Transfer of In Vivo-Derived Bovine Embryos and Route of Administration of Flunixin Meglumine at the Time of Transfer may Affect Pregnancy Rate. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n1ab86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recipient handling during embryo transfer (ET) induces prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) production in 2 periods: an early transient and rapid increase around the time of ET, followed by another 2 to 4 h later. This PGF2α is associated with embryonic loss during early gestation by affecting both the embryo and the corpus luteum. To control this, antiprostaglandins such as flunixin meglumine (FM) have been applied IM at the time of ET with varying results. In such studies, the interaction of IM administration of FM and difficulty of transfer has not always been evaluated, possibly confusing the interpretation of the results. Furthermore, IV FM injection at ET and its relationship with pregnancy rates (PR) has not been determined. The objectives were (1) to determine the relationship between difficulty of ET and PR; and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of IM v. IV FM on pregnancy outcomes. One hundred and ten crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) heifers (18-24 months old) from 3 farms were used as recipients. Two evaluation systems of ET difficulty were used: (1) duration of transfer (objective determination of the elapsed time measured in seconds between the introduction of the catheter and embryo release), and (2) level of difficulty experienced by the practitioner (subjective determination; 1 = minimum and 2 = medium to extreme manipulation). Quality 1 and 2 fresh embryos from superovulated cows were transferred by the same practitioner. At ET, recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control (no treatment, n = 31); (2) FM-IM (n = 39): injected IM with 2.2 mg kg−1 FM at ET; and (3) FM-IV (N = 40): injected with 2.2 mg kg−1 FM IV at ET. Pregnancy was diagnosed at 30 to 40 and 60 to 90 days after ET. Spearman’s test was performed to determine the correlation between duration and difficulty at ET and Chi-square test was used to compare PR. The mean duration of transfer for all heifers was 62.3 ± 57.5 s (11 to 357 s; median: 44.5 s). There was a high correlation (0.8; P < 0.001) between the ET difficulty evaluation systems. Overall, ET difficulty 1 had higher PR than ET difficulty 2 (64.2 v. 40.7; P = 0.013). The PR was significantly improved (P < 0.01) in the FM-IV group (75 and 70% at 30 and 60 days after ET) compared with control (45.2 and 32.3%) and FM-IM (33.3 and 30.7%). In conclusion, results indicate that the difficulty of transfer affects PR achieved following the transfer of in vivo-derived bovine embryos. Treatment with FM-IV following transfer resulted in significantly higher PR compared with control and FM-IM recipients. The IV injection of FM may antagonize the very early and transient increase of PGF2α caused by genital tract manipulation (even gently performed) at embryo transfer. Further research is necessary to confirm the results of the present study.
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Serrano C, Lopez Pousa A, Pajares I, Valverde Morales C, Duran J, Rubió-Casadevall J, Safont M, Martinez V, Díaz Beveridge R, Estival A, Vicente Baz D, Sebio Garcia A, Hindi N, Landolfi S, Olivares D, Garcia-Valverde A, Ledesma P, Arribas J, Carles Galceran J, Martin Broto J. Clinicopathologic features and long-term follow-up of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients (pts) with durable response (≥ 5 years) to frontline imatinib (IM): A case-control study from GEIS. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx387.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Duran J, Morgan FC, Karia PS, Schmults CD. An evaluation of high-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma outcomes by sex. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1131-1133. [PMID: 27893152 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Duran
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Suite 4J, 1153 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02130, U.S.A
| | - F C Morgan
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Suite 4J, 1153 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02130, U.S.A
| | - P S Karia
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Suite 4J, 1153 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02130, U.S.A
| | - C D Schmults
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Suite 4J, 1153 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02130, U.S.A
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Testoni G, Duran J, García-Rocha M, Vilaplana F, Serrano AL, Sebastián D, López-Soldado I, Sullivan MA, Slebe F, Vilaseca M, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Guinovart JJ. Lack of Glycogenin Causes Glycogen Accumulation and Muscle Function Impairment. Cell Metab 2017; 26:256-266.e4. [PMID: 28683291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycogenin is considered essential for glycogen synthesis, as it acts as a primer for the initiation of the polysaccharide chain. Against expectations, glycogenin-deficient mice (Gyg KO) accumulate high amounts of glycogen in striated muscle. Furthermore, this glycogen contains no covalently bound protein, thereby demonstrating that a protein primer is not strictly necessary for the synthesis of the polysaccharide in vivo. Strikingly, in spite of the higher glycogen content, Gyg KO mice showed lower resting energy expenditure and less resistance than control animals when subjected to endurance exercise. These observations can be attributed to a switch of oxidative myofibers toward glycolytic metabolism. Mice overexpressing glycogen synthase in the muscle showed similar alterations, thus indicating that this switch is caused by the excess of glycogen. These results may explain the muscular defects of GSD XV patients, who lack glycogenin-1 and show high glycogen accumulation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Testoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mar García-Rocha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Felipe Slebe
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marta Vilaseca
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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López-Soldado I, Fuentes-Romero R, Duran J, Guinovart JJ. Effects of hepatic glycogen on food intake and glucose homeostasis are mediated by the vagus nerve in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1076-1083. [PMID: 28299379 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Liver glycogen plays a key role in regulating food intake and blood glucose. Mice that accumulate large amounts of this polysaccharide in the liver are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by reduced food intake. Furthermore, these animals show reversal of the glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia caused by the HFD. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in regulating food intake and glucose homeostasis in this model. METHODS We performed hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV) or a sham operation on mice overexpressing protein targeting to glycogen (Ptg OE). Starting 1 week after surgery, mice were fed an HFD for 10 weeks. RESULTS HBV did not alter liver glycogen or ATP levels, thereby indicating that this procedure does not interfere with hepatic energy balance. However, HBV reversed the effect of glycogen accumulation on food intake. In wild-type mice, HBV led to a significant reduction in body weight without a change in food intake. Consistent with their body weight reduction, these animals had decreased fat deposition, adipocyte size, and insulin and leptin levels, together with increased energy expenditure. Ptg OE mice showed an increase in energy expenditure and glucose oxidation, and these differences were abolished by HBV. Moreover, Ptg OE mice showed an improvement in HFD-induced glucose intolerance, which was suppressed by HBV. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that the regulation of food intake and glucose homeostasis by liver glycogen is dependent on the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fuentes-Romero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Polo A, Duran J, Juanola R, Real J, Benet-Buchholz J, Solà M, Poater A. Tuning diastereoisomerism in platinum(ii) phosphino- and aminothiolato hydrido complexes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj04042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuning between the cis and trans Pt(ii) based complexes bearing phosphinothiolato and aminothiolato ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Polo
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - J. Duran
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - R. Juanola
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - J. Real
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - J. Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - M. Solà
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - A. Poater
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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Oliver-Ortega H, Granda L, Espinach F, Delgado-Aguilar M, Duran J, Mutjé P. Stiffness of bio-based polyamide 11 reinforced with softwood stone ground-wood fibres as an alternative to polypropylene-glass fibre composites. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Krag TO, Pinós T, Nielsen TL, Duran J, García-Rocha M, Andreu AL, Vissing J. Differential glucose metabolism in mice and humans affected by McArdle disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R307-14. [PMID: 27280431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00489.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
McArdle disease (muscle glycogenosis type V) is a disease caused by myophosphorylase deficiency leading to "blocked" glycogen breakdown. A significant but varying glycogen accumulation in especially distal hind limb muscles of mice affected by McArdle disease has recently been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated how myophosphorylase deficiency affects glucose metabolism in hind limb muscle of 20-wk-old McArdle mice and vastus lateralis muscles from patients with McArdle disease. Western blot analysis and activity assay demonstrated that glycogen synthase was inhibited in glycolytic muscle from McArdle mice. The level and activation of proteins involved in contraction-induced glucose transport (AMPK, GLUT4) and glycogen synthase inhibition were increased in quadriceps muscle of McArdle mice. In addition, pCaMKII in quadriceps was reduced, suggesting lower insulin-induced glucose uptake, which could lead to lower glycogen accumulation. In comparison, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and soleus had massive glycogen accumulation, but few, if any, changes or adaptations in glucose metabolism compared with wild-type mice. The findings suggest plasticity in glycogen metabolism in the McArdle mouse that is related to myosin heavy chain type IIB content in muscles. In patients, the level of GLUT4 was vastly increased, as were hexokinase II and phosphofructokinase, and glycogen synthase was more inhibited, suggesting that patients adapt by increasing capture of glucose for direct metabolism, thereby significantly reducing glycogen buildup compared with the mouse model. Hence, the McArdle mouse may be a useful tool for further comparative studies of disease mechanism caused by myophosphorylase deficiency and basic studies of metabolic adaptation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tue L Nielsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar García-Rocha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Antoni L Andreu
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mir-Coll J, Duran J, Slebe F, García-Rocha M, Gomis R, Gasa R, Guinovart JJ. Genetic models rule out a major role of beta cell glycogen in the control of glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1012-20. [PMID: 26825527 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glycogen accumulation occurs in beta cells of diabetic patients and has been proposed to partly mediate glucotoxicity-induced beta cell dysfunction. However, the role of glycogen metabolism in beta cell function and its contribution to diabetes pathophysiology remain poorly understood. We investigated the function of beta cell glycogen by studying glucose homeostasis in mice with (1) defective glycogen synthesis in the pancreas; and (2) excessive glycogen accumulation in beta cells. METHODS Conditional deletion of the Gys1 gene and overexpression of protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) was accomplished by Cre-lox recombination using pancreas-specific Cre lines. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by determining fasting glycaemia, insulinaemia and glucose tolerance. Beta cell mass was determined by morphometry. Glycogen was detected histologically by periodic acid-Schiff's reagent staining. Isolated islets were used for the determination of glycogen and insulin content, insulin secretion, immunoblots and gene expression assays. RESULTS Gys1 knockout (Gys1 (KO)) mice did not exhibit differences in glucose tolerance or basal glycaemia and insulinaemia relative to controls. Insulin secretion and gene expression in isolated islets was also indistinguishable between Gys1 (KO) and controls. Conversely, despite effective glycogen overaccumulation in islets, mice with PTG overexpression (PTG(OE)) presented similar glucose tolerance to controls. However, under fasting conditions they exhibited lower glycaemia and higher insulinaemia. Importantly, neither young nor aged PTG(OE) mice showed differences in beta cell mass relative to age-matched controls. Finally, a high-fat diet did not reveal a beta cell-autonomous phenotype in either model. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Glycogen metabolism is not required for the maintenance of beta cell function. Glycogen accumulation in beta cells alone is not sufficient to trigger the dysfunction or loss of these cells, or progression to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Mir-Coll
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Felipe Slebe
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Mar García-Rocha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain, .
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain, .
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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López-Ramos JC, Duran J, Gruart A, Guinovart JJ, Delgado-García JM. Role of brain glycogen in the response to hypoxia and in susceptibility to epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:431. [PMID: 26578889 PMCID: PMC4621300 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glycogen is the only carbohydrate reserve of the brain, its overall contribution to brain functions remains unclear. It has been proposed that glycogen participates in the preservation of such functions during hypoxia. Several reports also describe a relationship between brain glycogen and susceptibility to epilepsy. To address these issues, we used our brain-specific Glycogen Synthase knockout (GYS1Nestin-KO) mouse to study the functional consequences of glycogen depletion in the brain under hypoxic conditions and susceptibility to epilepsy. GYS1Nestin-KO mice presented significantly different power spectra of hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) than controls under hypoxic conditions. In addition, they showed greater excitability than controls for paired-pulse facilitation evoked at the hippocampal CA3–CA1 synapse during experimentally induced hypoxia, thereby suggesting a compensatory switch to presynaptic mechanisms. Furthermore, GYS1Nestin-KO mice showed greater susceptibility to hippocampal seizures and myoclonus following the administration of kainate and/or a brief train stimulation of Schaffer collaterals. We conclude that brain glycogen could play a protective role both in hypoxic situations and in the prevention of brain seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University Seville, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Duran J, Cusicanqui M, Laforcada C, Fortun F, Cruz D, Ramos L, Muñoz D, Torrez J, condori J, Copa H. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults in rural areas of La Paz, measured with four neurocognitive test. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Glycogen is present in the brain at much lower concentrations than in muscle or liver. However, by characterizing an animal depleted of brain glycogen, we have shown that the polysaccharide plays a key role in learning capacity and in activity-dependent changes in hippocampal synapse strength. Since glycogen is essentially found in astrocytes, the diverse roles proposed for this polysaccharide in the brain have been attributed exclusively to these cells. However, we have demonstrated that neurons have an active glycogen metabolism that contributes to tolerance to hypoxia. However, these cells can store only minute amounts of glycogen, since the progressive accumulation of this molecule leads to neuronal loss. Loss-of-function mutations in laforin and malin cause Lafora disease. This condition is characterized by the presence of high numbers of insoluble polyglucosan bodies, known as Lafora bodies, in neuronal cells. Our findings reveal that the accumulation of this aberrant glycogen accounts for the neurodegeneration and functional consequences, as well as the impaired autophagy, observed in models of this disease. Similarly glycogen synthase is responsible for the accumulation of corpora amylacea, which are polysaccharide-based aggregates present in the neurons of aged human brains. Our findings change the current view of the role of glycogen in the brain and reveal that endogenous neuronal glycogen metabolism is important under stress conditions and that neuronal glycogen accumulation contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and to aging-related corpora amylacea formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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40
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López-Soldado I, Zafra D, Duran J, Adrover A, Calbó J, Guinovart JJ. Liver glycogen reduces food intake and attenuates obesity in a high-fat diet-fed mouse model. Diabetes 2015; 64:796-807. [PMID: 25277398 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We generated mice that overexpress protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in the liver (PTG(OE)), which results in an increase in liver glycogen. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), these animals reduced their food intake. The resulting effect was a lower body weight, decreased fat mass, and reduced leptin levels. Furthermore, PTG overexpression reversed the glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia caused by the HFD and protected against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Of note, when fed an HFD, PTG(OE) mice did not show the decrease in hepatic ATP content observed in control animals and had lower expression of neuropeptide Y and higher expression of proopiomelanocortin in the hypothalamus. Additionally, after an overnight fast, PTG(OE) animals presented high liver glycogen content, lower liver triacylglycerol content, and lower serum concentrations of fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate than control mice, regardless of whether they were fed an HFD or a standard diet. In conclusion, liver glycogen accumulation caused a reduced food intake, protected against the deleterious effects of an HFD, and diminished the metabolic impact of fasting. Therefore, we propose that hepatic glycogen content be considered a potential target for the pharmacological manipulation of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia Zafra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Adrover
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Calbó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Herrera JL, Salido E, Gómez JF, Alonso R, García-Rocha M, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Morales A. Energy Status in Skeletal Muscle in a Mouse Model of Pompe Disease. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/jnd-159039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Herrera
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose F. Gómez
- Department of Basic Physics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafael Alonso
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mar García-Rocha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Morales
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Herrera JL, Salido E, Gómez JF, Alonso R, García-Rocha M, Duran J, Guinovart JJ, Morales A. Energy Status in Skeletal Muscle in a Mouse Model of Pompe Disease. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:S43. [PMID: 27858637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Herrera
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose F Gómez
- Department of Basic Physics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafael Alonso
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mar García-Rocha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Morales
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Vyas V, Duran J, Ansaripour A, Niedzielko M, Steel A, Bakhai A. Does A 12-Lead Ecg More Reliably Detect Atrial Fibrilation Than A Rhythm Strip Only Ecg? Value Health 2014; 17:A485-A486. [PMID: 27201425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Vyas
- Barnet & Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Duran
- Barnet & Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Ansaripour
- Barnet & Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Niedzielko
- Barnet & Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Steel
- Barnet & Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Bakhai
- Barnet & Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sinadinos C, Valles‐Ortega J, Boulan L, Solsona E, Tevy MF, Marquez M, Duran J, Lopez‐Iglesias C, Calbó J, Blasco E, Pumarola M, Milán M, Guinovart JJ. Neuronal glycogen synthesis contributes to physiological aging. Aging Cell 2014; 13:935-45. [PMID: 25059425 PMCID: PMC4331761 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose and the carbohydrate energy store for animal cells. In the brain, it is essentially found in glial cells, although it is also present in minute amounts in neurons. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in laforin and malin, proteins involved in suppressing glycogen synthesis, induce the presence of high numbers of insoluble polyglucosan bodies in neuronal cells. Known as Lafora bodies (LBs), these deposits result in the aggressive neurodegeneration seen in Lafora’s disease. Polysaccharide-based aggregates, called corpora amylacea (CA), are also present in the neurons of aged human brains. Despite the similarity of CA to LBs, the mechanisms and functional consequences of CA formation are yet unknown. Here, we show that wild-type laboratory mice also accumulate glycogen-based aggregates in the brain as they age. These structures are immunopositive for an array of metabolic and stress-response proteins, some of which were previously shown to aggregate in correlation with age in the human brain and are also present in LBs. Remarkably, these structures and their associated protein aggregates are not present in the aged mouse brain upon genetic ablation of glycogen synthase. Similar genetic intervention in Drosophila prevents the accumulation of glycogen clusters in the neuronal processes of aged flies. Most interestingly, targeted reduction of Drosophila glycogen synthase in neurons improves neurological function with age and extends lifespan. These results demonstrate that neuronal glycogen accumulation contributes to physiological aging and may therefore constitute a key factor regulating age-related neurological decline in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Boulan
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
| | - Estel Solsona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria F. Tevy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Marquez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
- Center for Investigation in the Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Network (CIBERDEM) Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez‐Iglesias
- Electron Cryo‐Microscopy Unit Scientific and Technological Centres University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquim Calbó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
| | - Ester Blasco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona Spain
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona Spain
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Martin Broto J, Calabuig S, Rubio J, Gutierrez A, Duran J, Garcia F, Martinez-Trufero J, Maurel J, García Del Muro X, Cruz J, Cubedo R, Poveda A, Valverde Morales C, De Sande González L, De Juan A, Lopez-Guerrero J. Integrating Genotype in Risk Classification for Gist Recurrence. a Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research (Geis) Study. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu354.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Duran J, Buades A. Self-similarity and Spectral Correlation Adaptive Algorithm for Color Demosaicking. IEEE Trans Image Process 2014; 23:4031-4040. [PMID: 25069113 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2014.2341928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Most common cameras use a CCD sensor device measuring a single color per pixel. The other two color values of each pixel must be interpolated from the neighboring pixels in the so-called demosaicking process. State-of-the-art demosaicking algorithms take advantage of inter-channel correlation locally selecting the best interpolation direction. These methods give impressive results except when local geometry cannot be inferred from neighboring pixels or channel correlation is low. In these cases, they create interpolation artifacts. We introduce a new algorithm involving non-local image self-similarity in order to reduce interpolation artifacts when local geometry is ambiguous. The proposed algorithm introduces a clear and intuitive manner of balancing how much channel-correlation must be taken advantage of. Comparison shows that the proposed algorithm gives state-of-the-art methods in several image bases.
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47
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Saez I, Duran J, Sinadinos C, Beltran A, Yanes O, Tevy MF, Martínez-Pons C, Milán M, Guinovart JJ. Neurons have an active glycogen metabolism that contributes to tolerance to hypoxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:945-55. [PMID: 24569689 PMCID: PMC4050236 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen is present in the brain, where it has been found mainly in glial cells but not in neurons. Therefore, all physiologic roles of brain glycogen have been attributed exclusively to astrocytic glycogen. Working with primary cultured neurons, as well as with genetically modified mice and flies, here we report that-against general belief-neurons contain a low but measurable amount of glycogen. Moreover, we also show that these cells express the brain isoform of glycogen phosphorylase, allowing glycogen to be fully metabolized. Most importantly, we show an active neuronal glycogen metabolism that protects cultured neurons from hypoxia-induced death and flies from hypoxia-induced stupor. Our findings change the current view of the role of glycogen in the brain and reveal that endogenous neuronal glycogen metabolism participates in the neuronal tolerance to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Saez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Beltran
- Metabolomics Platform, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
- Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain
- Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - María F Tevy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Sala D, Ivanova S, Plana N, Ribas V, Duran J, Bach D, Turkseven S, Laville M, Vidal H, Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Kowalska I, Straczkowski M, Testar X, Palacín M, Sandri M, Serrano AL, Zorzano A. Autophagy-regulating TP53INP2 mediates muscle wasting and is repressed in diabetes. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1914-27. [PMID: 24713655 DOI: 10.1172/jci72327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise balance between protein degradation and synthesis is essential to preserve skeletal muscle mass. Here, we found that TP53INP2, a homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster DOR protein that regulates autophagy in cellular models, has a direct impact on skeletal muscle mass in vivo. Using different transgenic mouse models, we demonstrated that muscle-specific overexpression of Tp53inp2 reduced muscle mass, while deletion of Tp53inp2 resulted in muscle hypertrophy. TP53INP2 activated basal autophagy in skeletal muscle and sustained p62-independent autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Animals with muscle-specific overexpression of Tp53inp2 exhibited enhanced muscle wasting in streptozotocin-induced diabetes that was dependent on autophagy; however, TP53INP2 ablation mitigated experimental diabetes-associated muscle loss. The overexpression or absence of TP53INP2 did not affect muscle wasting in response to denervation, a condition in which autophagy is blocked, further indicating that TP53INP2 alters muscle mass by activating autophagy. Moreover, TP53INP2 expression was markedly repressed in muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes and in murine models of diabetes. Our results indicate that TP53INP2 negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass through activation of autophagy. Furthermore, we propose that TP53INP2 repression is part of an adaptive mechanism aimed at preserving muscle mass under conditions in which insulin action is deficient.
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Duran J, Gruart A, Garcia-Rocha M, Delgado-Garcia JM, Guinovart JJ. Glycogen accumulation underlies neurodegeneration and autophagy impairment in Lafora disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3147-56. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Perelló A, Alarcon J, Garcias C, Duran J, Colom B, Clemente G, Avella A, Canet R, Torrecabota J, Rifa J. Abstract P3-12-08: Incidence, predictive factors and outcome of brain metastases (BM) in a single institution cohort of breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p3-12-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to determine the cumulative incidence of BM, predictive factors of BM, and survival from diagnosis of BM in a cohort of breast cancer patients in a single institution.
Patients and Methods: We collected data from a cohort of 793 breast cancer patients between January 2000 and December 2005 in our institution. Variables recorded include age at diagnosis, hormonal receptor status (HRS), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (HER2), histological grade, T stage and N stage. We analyzed the 5 and 10-year cumulative incidence of BM. Time to detection of BM and survival from BM were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression model was used to analyze the variables associated with time to BM
Results: With a median follow-up of 100 months, 49 patients went on to develop BM. The overall 5 and 10 year cumulative incidence of BM were 4.9% and 8.2% respectively. The table shows the 5 and 10 year cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of the predictive factors for the development of BM in the univariable analysis.
Including all significant variables in the model, HER2 positive and node positive patients had an increase risk of BM, HR 2.46 (95% CI: 1.22–4.95) and 2.51 (95% CI: 1.19–5.29) respectively. HRS positive patients had a decreased risk of developing BM, HR 0.44 (95% CI: 0.21–0.89).
Median survival from BM of HER2 positive and HER2 negative patients was 9 and 3 months respectively (p = 0.015), and 6 and 1 month for HRS positive and negative respectively (p = 0.02)
Conclusion: Predictive factors independently associated with a high risk of BM in our cohort are HER2 positivity and positive nodes. Patients with positive HRS have a decreased risk of BM. Survival time following BM is poor. HER2 positive and HRS positive patients have a better survival than HER2 negative and HRS negative patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perelló
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J Alarcon
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - C Garcias
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J Duran
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - B Colom
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - G Clemente
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - A Avella
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - R Canet
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J Torrecabota
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J Rifa
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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