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Okuda K, Gentzsch M. Pulmonary Ionocytes: What Are They Transporting and Which Way? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38701428 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202404-0727ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
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2
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Meganck RM, Edwards CE, Mallory ML, Lee RE, Dang H, Bailey AB, Wykoff JA, Gallant SC, Zhu DR, Yount BL, Kato T, Shaffer KM, Nakano S, Cawley AM, Sontake V, Wang JR, Hagan RS, Miller MB, Tata PR, Randell SH, Tse LV, Ehre C, Okuda K, Boucher RC, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern fitness and adaptation in primary human airway epithelia. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114076. [PMID: 38607917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is characterized by the emergence of novel variants of concern (VOCs) that replace ancestral strains. Here, we dissect the complex selective pressures by evaluating variant fitness and adaptation in human respiratory tissues. We evaluate viral properties and host responses to reconstruct forces behind D614G through Omicron (BA.1) emergence. We observe differential replication in airway epithelia, differences in cellular tropism, and virus-induced cytotoxicity. D614G accumulates the most mutations after infection, supporting zoonosis and adaptation to the human airway. We perform head-to-head competitions and observe the highest fitness for Gamma and Delta. Under these conditions, RNA recombination favors variants encoding the B.1.617.1 lineage 3' end. Based on viral growth kinetics, Alpha, Gamma, and Delta exhibit increased fitness compared to D614G. In contrast, the global success of Omicron likely derives from increased transmission and antigenic variation. Our data provide molecular evidence to support epidemiological observations of VOC emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Meganck
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Caitlin E Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Michael L Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexis B Bailey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jason A Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Samuel C Gallant
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Deanna R Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kendall M Shaffer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Anne Marie Cawley
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | - Jeremy R Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Melissa B Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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3
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He ZJ, Chu C, Dickson R, Okuda K, Cai LH. A gel-coated air-liquid-interface culture system with tunable substrate stiffness matching healthy and diseased lung tissues. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L292-L302. [PMID: 38252871 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00153.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its invention in the late 1980s, the air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture system has been the standard in vitro model for studying human airway biology and pulmonary diseases. However, in a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a porous plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. Here, we develop a gel-ALI culture system by simply coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We determine the optimum gel thickness that does not impair the transport of nutrients and biomolecules essential to cell growth. We show that the gel-ALI system allows human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to proliferate and differentiate into pseudostratified epithelium. Furthermore, we discover that HBECs migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with stiffness matching that of fibrotic lung tissues, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling. The developed gel-ALI system provides a facile approach to studying the effects of mechanical cues in human airway biology and in modeling pulmonary diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. We develop a gel-ALI system by coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We discover that human bronchial epithelial cells migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with pathological stiffness, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Catherine Chu
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Riley Dickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Li-Heng Cai
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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4
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Asakura T, Okuda K, Chen G, Dang H, Kato T, Mikami Y, Schworer SA, Gilmore RC, Radicioni G, Hawkins P, Barbosa Cardenas SM, Saito M, Cawley AM, De la Cruz G, Chua M, Alexis NE, Masugi Y, Noone PG, Ribeiro CMP, Kesimer M, Olivier KN, Hasegawa N, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. Proximal and Distal Bronchioles Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:374-389. [PMID: 38016030 PMCID: PMC10878387 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-1093oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) may originate in bronchiolar regions of the lung. Accordingly, there is a need to characterize the morphology and molecular characteristics of NCFB bronchioles. Objectives: Test the hypothesis that NCFB exhibits a major component of bronchiolar disease manifest by mucus plugging and ectasia. Methods: Morphologic criteria and region-specific epithelial gene expression, measured histologically and by RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, identified proximal and distal bronchioles in excised NCFB lungs. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assessed bronchiolar mucus accumulation and mucin gene expression. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated IL-1R1 knockout in human bronchial epithelial cultures tested IL-1α and IL-1β contributions to mucin production. Spatial transcriptional profiling characterized NCFB distal bronchiolar gene expression. Measurements and Main Results: Bronchiolar perimeters and lumen areas per section area were increased in proximal, but not distal, bronchioles in NCFB versus control lungs, suggesting proximal bronchiolectasis. In NCFB, mucus plugging was observed in ectatic proximal bronchioles and associated nonectatic distal bronchioles in sections with disease. MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins were upregulated in NCFB proximal bronchioles, whereas MUC5B was selectively upregulated in distal bronchioles. Bronchiolar mucus plugs were populated by IL-1β-expressing macrophages. NCFB sterile sputum supernatants induced human bronchial epithelial MUC5B and MUC5AC expression that was >80% blocked by IL-1R1 ablation. Spatial transcriptional profiling identified upregulation of genes associated with secretory cells, hypoxia, interleukin pathways, and IL-1β-producing macrophages in mucus plugs and downregulation of epithelial ciliogenesis genes. Conclusions: NCFB exhibits distinctive proximal and distal bronchiolar disease. Both bronchiolar regions exhibit bronchiolar secretory cell features and mucus plugging but differ in mucin gene regulation and ectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Bioregulatory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Minako Saito
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | | | | | - Michael Chua
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth N. Olivier
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
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5
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Lee-Ferris RE, Okuda K, Galiger JR, Schworer SA, Rogers TD, Dang H, Gilmore R, Edwards C, Nakano S, Cawley AM, Pickles RJ, Gallant SC, Crisci E, Rivier L, Hagood JS, O'Neal WK, Baric RS, Grubb BR, Boucher RC, Randell SH. Prolonged airway explant culture enables study of health, disease, and viral pathogenesis. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.03.578756. [PMID: 38370820 PMCID: PMC10871200 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models play a major role in studying airway physiology and disease. However, the native lung's complex tissue architecture and non-epithelial cell lineages are not preserved in these models. Ex vivo tissue models could overcome in vitro limitations, but methods for long-term maintenance of ex vivo tissue has not been established. We describe methods to culture human large airway explants, small airway explants, and precision-cut lung slices for at least 14 days. Human airway explants recapitulate genotype-specific electrophysiology, characteristic epithelial, endothelial, stromal and immune cell populations, and model viral infection after 14 days in culture. These methods also maintain mouse, rabbit, and pig tracheal explants. Notably, intact airway tissue can be cryopreserved, thawed, and used to generate explants with recovery of function 14 days post-thaw. These studies highlight the broad applications of airway tissue explants and their use as translational intermediates between in vitro and in vivo studies.
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6
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Nakakubo S, Kishida N, Okuda K, Kamada K, Iwama M, Suzuki M, Yokota I, Ito YM, Nasuhara Y, Boucher RC, Konno S. Associations of COVID-19 symptoms with omicron subvariants BA.2 and BA.5, host status, and clinical outcomes in Japan: a registry-based observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:1244-1256. [PMID: 37399831 PMCID: PMC10615696 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, coupled with the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, have modified COVID-19 clinical manifestations. We aimed to characterise the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 individuals in omicron BA.2 and BA.5 Japanese pandemic periods to identify omicron and subvariant associations between symptoms, immune status, and clinical outcomes. METHODS In this registry-based observational study, individuals registered in Sapporo's web-based COVID-19 information system entered 12 pre-selected symptoms, days since symptom onset, vaccination history, SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and background. Eligibility criteria included symptomatic individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR or antigen test), and individuals who were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 but developed new symptoms after a household member tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Symptom prevalence, variables associated with symptoms, and symptoms associated with progression to severe disease were analysed. FINDINGS Data were collected and analysed between April 25 and Sept 25, 2022. For 157 861 omicron-infected symptomatic individuals, cough was the most common symptom (99 032 [62·7%] patients), followed by sore throat (95 838 [60·7%] patients), nasal discharge (69 968 [44·3%] patients), and fever (61 218 [38·8%] patients). Omicron BA.5 infection was associated with a higher prevalence of systemic symptoms than BA.2 in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for fever: 2·18 [95% CI 2·12-2·25]). Omicron breakthrough-infected individuals with three or more vaccinations or previous infection were less likely to exhibit systemic symptoms (fever 0·50 [0·49-0·51]), but more likely to exhibit upper respiratory symptoms (sore throat 1·33 [1·29-1·36]; nasal discharge 1·84 [1·80-1·89]). Infected older individuals (≥65 years) had lower odds for all symptoms. However, when symptoms were manifest, systemic symptoms were associated with increased odds for severe disease (dyspnoea 3·01 [1·84-4·91]; fever 2·93 [1·89-4·52]), whereas upper respiratory symptoms were associated with decreased odds (sore throat 0·38 [0·24-0·63]; nasal discharge 0·48 [0·28-0·81]). INTERPRETATION Host immunological status, omicron subvariant, and age were associated with a spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. BA.5 produced a higher systemic symptom prevalence than BA.2. Vaccination and previous infection reduced systemic symptom prevalence and improved outcomes but increased upper respiratory tract symptom prevalence. Systemic, but not upper respiratory, symptoms in older people heralded severe disease. Our findings could serve as a practical guide to use COVID-19 symptoms to appropriately modify health-care strategies and predict clinical outcomes for older patients with omicron infections. FUNDING Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kishida
- Emergency Management Bureau, City of Sapporo, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keisuke Kamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Iwama
- Management Section, Medical Management Office, Health and Welfare Bureau, City of Sapporo, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nasuhara
- Division of Hospital Safety Management, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Leach T, Gandhi U, Reeves KD, Stumpf K, Okuda K, Marini FC, Walker SJ, Boucher R, Chan J, Cox LA, Atala A, Murphy SV. Development of a novel air-liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10137. [PMID: 37349353 PMCID: PMC10287689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human airways are complex structures with important interactions between cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the biomechanical microenvironment. A robust, well-differentiated in vitro culture system that accurately models these interactions would provide a useful tool for studying normal and pathological airway biology. Here, we report the development and characterization of a physiologically relevant air-liquid interface (ALI) 3D airway 'organ tissue equivalent' (OTE) model with three novel features: native pulmonary fibroblasts, solubilized lung ECM, and hydrogel substrate with tunable stiffness and porosity. We demonstrate the versatility of the OTE model by evaluating the impact of these features on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell phenotype. Variations of this model were analyzed during 28 days of ALI culture by evaluating epithelial confluence, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and epithelial phenotype via multispectral immuno-histochemistry and next-generation sequencing. Cultures that included both solubilized lung ECM and native pulmonary fibroblasts within the hydrogel substrate formed well-differentiated ALI cultures that maintained a barrier function and expressed mature epithelial markers relating to goblet, club, and ciliated cells. Modulation of hydrogel stiffness did not negatively impact HBE differentiation and could be a valuable variable to alter epithelial phenotype. This study highlights the feasibility and versatility of a 3D airway OTE model to model the multiple components of the human airway 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Leach
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Uma Gandhi
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kimberly D Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kristina Stumpf
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Frank C Marini
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Stephen J Walker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Richard Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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8
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Mikami Y, Grubb BR, Rogers TD, Dang H, Asakura T, Kota P, Gilmore RC, Okuda K, Morton LC, Sun L, Chen G, Wykoff JA, Ehre C, Vilar J, van Heusden C, Livraghi-Butrico A, Gentzsch M, Button B, Stutts MJ, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. Chronic airway epithelial hypoxia exacerbates injury in muco-obstructive lung disease through mucus hyperconcentration. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo7728. [PMID: 37285404 PMCID: PMC10664029 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unlike solid organs, human airway epithelia derive their oxygen from inspired air rather than the vasculature. Many pulmonary diseases are associated with intraluminal airway obstruction caused by aspirated foreign bodies, virus infection, tumors, or mucus plugs intrinsic to airway disease, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Consistent with requirements for luminal O2, airway epithelia surrounding mucus plugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lungs are hypoxic. Despite these observations, the effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) on airway epithelial host defense functions relevant to pulmonary disease have not been investigated. Molecular characterization of resected human lungs from individuals with a spectrum of muco-obstructive lung diseases (MOLDs) or COVID-19 identified molecular features of chronic hypoxia, including increased EGLN3 expression, in epithelia lining mucus-obstructed airways. In vitro experiments using cultured chronically hypoxic airway epithelia revealed conversion to a glycolytic metabolic state with maintenance of cellular architecture. Chronically hypoxic airway epithelia unexpectedly exhibited increased MUC5B mucin production and increased transepithelial Na+ and fluid absorption mediated by HIF1α/HIF2α-dependent up-regulation of β and γENaC (epithelial Na+ channel) subunit expression. The combination of increased Na+ absorption and MUC5B production generated hyperconcentrated mucus predicted to perpetuate obstruction. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses of chronically hypoxic cultured airway epithelia revealed transcriptional changes involved in airway wall remodeling, destruction, and angiogenesis. These results were confirmed by RNA-in situ hybridization studies of lungs from individuals with MOLD. Our data suggest that chronic airway epithelial hypoxia may be central to the pathogenesis of persistent mucus accumulation in MOLDs and associated airway wall damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Barbara R. Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Troy D. Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pradeep Kota
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lisa C. Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jason A. Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juan Vilar
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Catharina van Heusden
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M. Jackson Stutts
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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9
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Barnett KC, Xie Y, Asakura T, Song D, Liang K, Taft-Benz SA, Guo H, Yang S, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Loome JF, Oguin Iii TH, Sempowski GD, Randell SH, Heise MT, Lei YL, Boucher RC, Ting JPY. An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:243-259.e6. [PMID: 36563691 PMCID: PMC9731922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 are associated with severe COVID-19. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, we find that while primary human airway epithelia (HAE) have functional inflammasomes and support SARS-CoV-2 replication, they are not the source of IL-1β released upon infection. In leukocytes, the SARS-CoV-2 E protein upregulates inflammasome gene transcription via TLR2 to prime, but not activate, inflammasomes. SARS-CoV-2-infected HAE supply a second signal, which includes genomic and mitochondrial DNA, to stimulate leukocyte IL-1β release. Nuclease treatment, STING, and caspase-1 inhibition but not NLRP3 inhibition blocked leukocyte IL-1β release. After release, IL-1β stimulates IL-6 secretion from HAE. Therefore, infection alone does not increase IL-1β secretion by either cell type. Rather, bi-directional interactions between the SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelium and immune bystanders stimulates both IL-1β and IL-6, creating a pro-inflammatory cytokine circuit. Consistent with these observations, patient autopsy lungs show elevated myeloid inflammasome gene signatures in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Barnett
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dingka Song
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon A Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer F Loome
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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10
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Nakakubo S, Kishida N, Okuda K, Kamada K, Iwama M, Suzuki M, Yokota I, Ito YM, Nasuhara Y, Boucher RC, Konno S. Associations of COVID-19 Symptoms with Omicron Subvariants BA.2 and BA.5, Host Status, and Clinical Outcomes: A Registry-Based Observational Study in Sapporo, Japan. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.02.23285393. [PMID: 36798223 PMCID: PMC9934721 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.23285393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, coupled to rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, have modified COVID-19 clinical manifestations. We characterized clinical symptoms of COVID-19 individuals in omicron BA.2 and BA.5 Japanese pandemic periods to identify omicron and subvariant associations between symptoms, immune status, and clinical outcomes. Methods Individuals registered in Sapporo's web-based COVID-19 information system entered 12 pre-selected symptoms, days since symptom onset, vaccination history, SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and background. Symptom frequencies, variables associated with symptoms, and symptoms associated with progression to severe disease were analysed. Results For all omicron-infected individuals, cough was the most common symptom (62.7%), followed by sore throat (60.7%), nasal discharge (44.3%), and fever (38.8%). Omicron BA.5 infection was associated with a higher symptom burden than BA.2 in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Omicron breakthrough-infected individuals with ≥ 3 vaccinations or previous infection were less likely to exhibit systemic symptoms, but more likely to exhibit upper respiratory symptoms. Infected elderly individuals had lower odds for all symptoms, but, when symptoms were manifest, systemic symptoms were associated with an increased risk, whereas upper respiratory symptoms with a decreased risk, of severe disease. Conclusion Host immunological status, omicron subvariant, and age were associated with a spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. BA.5 produced a greater symptom burden than BA.2. Vaccination and prior infection mitigated systemic symptoms and improved outcomes, but increased upper respiratory tract symptom burden. Systemic, but not upper respiratory, symptoms in the elderly heralded severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishida
- Emergency Management Bureau, City of Sapporo, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Keisuke Kamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Iwama
- Management Section, Medical Management Office, Health and Welfare Bureau, City of Sapporo, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M. Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nasuhara
- Division of Hospital Safety Management, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development
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11
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Kato T, Asakura T, Edwards CE, Dang H, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Chen G, Sun L, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, De la Cruz G, Cooley MR, Bailey AB, Hewitt SM, Chertow DS, Borczuk AC, Salvatore S, Martinez FJ, Thorne LB, Askin FB, Ehre C, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Baric RS, Boucher RC. Prevalence and Mechanisms of Mucus Accumulation in COVID-19 Lung Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1336-1352. [PMID: 35816430 PMCID: PMC9746856 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2606oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The incidence and sites of mucus accumulation and molecular regulation of mucin gene expression in coronavirus (COVID-19) lung disease have not been reported. Objectives: To characterize the incidence of mucus accumulation and the mechanisms mediating mucin hypersecretion in COVID-19 lung disease. Methods: Airway mucus and mucins were evaluated in COVID-19 autopsy lungs by Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining, immunohistochemical staining, RNA in situ hybridization, and spatial transcriptional profiling. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures were used to investigate mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced mucin expression and synthesis and test candidate countermeasures. Measurements and Main Results: MUC5B and variably MUC5AC RNA concentrations were increased throughout all airway regions of COVID-19 autopsy lungs, notably in the subacute/chronic disease phase after SARS-CoV-2 clearance. In the distal lung, MUC5B-dominated mucus plugging was observed in 90% of subjects with COVID-19 in both morphologically identified bronchioles and microcysts, and MUC5B accumulated in damaged alveolar spaces. SARS-CoV-2-infected HBE cultures exhibited peak titers 3 days after inoculation, whereas induction of MUC5B/MUC5AC peaked 7-14 days after inoculation. SARS-CoV-2 infection of HBE cultures induced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1α/β) associated with mucin gene regulation. Inhibiting EGFR/IL-1R pathways or administration of dexamethasone reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced mucin expression. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high prevalence of distal airspace mucus accumulation and increased MUC5B expression in COVID-19 autopsy lungs. HBE culture studies identified roles for EGFR and IL-1R signaling in mucin gene regulation after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that time-sensitive mucolytic agents, specific pathway inhibitors, or corticosteroid administration may be therapeutic for COVID-19 lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | | | | | | | - Leigh B. Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Frederic B. Askin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Kelly S, Okuda K, Nakano S, Quinney N, Gallant S, Lee R, Gentzsch M, Randell S, Fulcher M. 423 Novel method for isolation of small airway epithelial cells by bulk enzymatic digestion. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Dinnon KH, Leist SR, Okuda K, Dang H, Fritch EJ, Gully KL, De la Cruz G, Evangelista MD, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, Nakano S, West A, Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Everman JL, Sajuthi SP, Zweigart MR, Dong S, McBride J, Cooley MR, Hines JB, Love MK, Groshong SD, VanSchoiack A, Phelan SJ, Liang Y, Hether T, Leon M, Zumwalt RE, Barton LM, Duval EJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Stroberg E, Borczuk A, Thorne LB, Sakthivel MK, Lee YZ, Hagood JS, Mock JR, Seibold MA, O’Neal WK, Montgomery SA, Boucher RC, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2 infection produces chronic pulmonary epithelial and immune cell dysfunction with fibrosis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo5070. [PMID: 35857635 PMCID: PMC9273046 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A subset of individuals who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PASC), but the mechanistic basis of PASC-associated lung abnormalities suffers from a lack of longitudinal tissue samples. The mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain MA10 produces an acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice similar to humans. To investigate PASC pathogenesis, studies of MA10-infected mice were extended from acute to clinical recovery phases. At 15 to 120 days after virus clearance, pulmonary histologic findings included subpleural lesions composed of collagen, proliferative fibroblasts, and chronic inflammation, including tertiary lymphoid structures. Longitudinal spatial transcriptional profiling identified global reparative and fibrotic pathways dysregulated in diseased regions, similar to human COVID-19. Populations of alveolar intermediate cells, coupled with focal up-regulation of profibrotic markers, were identified in persistently diseased regions. Early intervention with antiviral EIDD-2801 reduced chronic disease, and early antifibrotic agent (nintedanib) intervention modified early disease severity. This murine model provides opportunities to identify pathways associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease and test countermeasures to ameliorate PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Mia D. Evangelista
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Padraig Hawkins
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jamie L. Everman
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Satria P. Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Mark R. Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michelle R. Cooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jesse B. Hines
- Golden Point Scientific Laboratories, Hoover, Alabama 35216, USA
| | - Miriya K. Love
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Steve D. Groshong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Tyler Hether
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michael Leon
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ross E. Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Lisa M. Barton
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105, USA
| | - Eric J. Duval
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105, USA
| | | | - Edana Stroberg
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Leigh B. Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Muthu K. Sakthivel
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yueh Z. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - James S. Hagood
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology Division and Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jason R. Mock
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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14
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Schäfer A, Leist SR, Gralinski LE, Martinez DR, Winkler ES, Okuda K, Hawkins PE, Gully KL, Graham RL, Scobey DT, Bell TA, Hock P, Shaw GD, Loome JF, Madden EA, Anderson E, Baxter VK, Taft-Benz SA, Zweigart MR, May SR, Dong S, Clark M, Miller DR, Lynch RM, Heise MT, Tisch R, Boucher RC, Pardo Manuel de Villena F, Montgomery SA, Diamond MS, Ferris MT, Baric RS. A Multitrait Locus Regulates Sarbecovirus Pathogenesis. bioRxiv 2022. [PMID: 35677067 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.01.494461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have shaped the human population genetic structure, and genetic variation influences the susceptibility to many viral diseases. However, a variety of challenges have made the implementation of traditional human Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) approaches to study these infectious outcomes challenging. In contrast, mouse models of infectious diseases provide an experimental control and precision, which facilitates analyses and mechanistic studies of the role of genetic variation on infection. Here we use a genetic mapping cross between two distinct Collaborative Cross mouse strains with respect to SARS-CoV disease outcomes. We find several loci control differential disease outcome for a variety of traits in the context of SARS-CoV infection. Importantly, we identify a locus on mouse Chromosome 9 that shows conserved synteny with a human GWAS locus for SARS-CoV-2 severe disease. We follow-up and confirm a role for this locus, and identify two candidate genes, CCR9 and CXCR6 that both play a key role in regulating the severity of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and a distantly related bat sarbecovirus disease outcomes. As such we provide a template for using experimental mouse crosses to identify and characterize multitrait loci that regulate pathogenic infectious outcomes across species.
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15
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Kato T, Radicioni G, Papanikolas MJ, Stoychev GV, Markovetz MR, Aoki K, Porterfield M, Okuda K, Barbosa Cardenas SM, Gilmore RC, Morrison CB, Ehre C, Burns KA, White KK, Brennan TA, Goodell HP, Thacker H, Loznev HT, Forsberg LJ, Nagase T, Rubinstein M, Randell SH, Tiemeyer M, Hill DB, Kesimer M, O’Neal WK, Ballard ST, Freeman R, Button B, Boucher RC. Mucus concentration-dependent biophysical abnormalities unify submucosal gland and superficial airway dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm9718. [PMID: 35363522 PMCID: PMC10938572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal transepithelial ion transport. However, a description of CF lung disease pathophysiology unifying superficial epithelial and submucosal gland (SMG) dysfunctions has remained elusive. We hypothesized that biophysical abnormalities associated with CF mucus hyperconcentration provide a unifying mechanism. Studies of the anion secretion-inhibited pig airway model of CF revealed elevated SMG mucus concentrations, osmotic pressures, and SMG mucus accumulation. Human airway studies revealed hyperconcentrated CF SMG mucus with raised osmotic pressures and cohesive forces predicted to limit SMG mucus secretion/release. Using proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4) as a biomarker of SMG secretion, CF sputum proteomics analyses revealed markedly lower PRR4 levels compared to healthy and bronchiectasis controls, consistent with a failure of CF SMGs to secrete mucus onto airway surfaces. Raised mucus osmotic/cohesive forces, reflecting mucus hyperconcentration, provide a unifying mechanism that describes disease-initiating mucus accumulation on airway surfaces and in SMGs of the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Micah J. Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Georgi V. Stoychev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R. Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Melody Porterfield
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cameron B. Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberlie A. Burns
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen K. White
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tara A. Brennan
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry P. Goodell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly Thacker
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry T. Loznev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Forsberg
- Protein Expression and Purification Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David B. Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ballard
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy P, Sontake V, Tata A, Kobayashi Y, Macadlo L, Okuda K, Conchola AS, Nakano S, Gregory S, Miller LA, Spence JR, Engelhardt JF, Boucher RC, Rock JR, Randell SH, Tata PR. Human distal lung maps and lineage hierarchies reveal a bipotent progenitor. Nature 2022; 604:111-119. [PMID: 35355018 PMCID: PMC9169066 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the spatial distribution and molecular identity of constituent cells is essential for understanding tissue dynamics in health and disease. We lack a comprehensive map of human distal airways, including the terminal and respiratory bronchioles (TRBs), which are implicated in respiratory diseases1-4. Here, using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell profiling of microdissected distal airways, we identify molecularly distinct TRB cell types that have not-to our knowledge-been previously characterized. These include airway-associated LGR5+ fibroblasts and TRB-specific alveolar type-0 (AT0) cells and TRB secretory cells (TRB-SCs). Connectome maps and organoid-based co-cultures reveal that LGR5+ fibroblasts form a signalling hub in the airway niche. AT0 cells and TRB-SCs are conserved in primates and emerge dynamically during human lung development. Using a non-human primate model of lung injury, together with human organoids and tissue specimens, we show that alveolar type-2 cells in regenerating lungs transiently acquire an AT0 state from which they can differentiate into either alveolar type-1 cells or TRB-SCs. This differentiation programme is distinct from that identified in the mouse lung5-7. Our study also reveals mechanisms that drive the differentiation of the bipotent AT0 cell state into normal or pathological states. In sum, our findings revise human lung cell maps and lineage trajectories, and implicate an epithelial transitional state in primate lung regeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lauren Macadlo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simon Gregory
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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17
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McElvaney OF, Asakura T, Meinig SL, Torres-Castillo JL, Hagan RS, Gabillard-Lefort C, Murphy MP, Thorne LB, Borczuk A, Reeves EP, Zumwalt RE, Mikami Y, Carroll TP, Okuda K, Hogan G, McElvaney OJ, Clarke J, McEvoy NL, Mallon PW, McCarthy C, Curley G, Wolfgang MC, Boucher RC, McElvaney NG. Protease-anti-protease compartmentalization in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS: Therapeutic implications. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103894. [PMID: 35217407 PMCID: PMC8861575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. IL-6 regulates acute-phase proteins, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a key lung anti-protease. We investigated the protease-anti-protease balance in the circulation and pulmonary compartments in SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 ARDS (nsARDS) and the effects of tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor antagonist) on anti-protease defence in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Levels and activity of AAT and neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in plasma, airway tissue and tracheal secretions (TA) of people with SARS-CoV-2 ARDS or nsARDS. AAT and IL-6 levels were evaluated in people with moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection who received standard of care +/- tocilizumab. Findings AAT plasma levels doubled in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS. In lung parenchyma AAT levels were increased, as was the percentage of neutrophils involved in NET formation. A protease-anti-protease imbalance was detected in TA with active NE and no active AAT. The airway anti-protease, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor was decreased in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs and cleaved in TA. In nsARDS, plasma AAT levels were elevated but TA samples had less AAT cleavage, with no detectable active NE in most samples Induction of AAT in ARDS occurred mainly through IL-6. Tocilizumab down-regulated AAT during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interpretation There is a protease-anti-protease imbalance in the airways of SARS-CoV-2-ARDS patients. This imbalance is a target for anti-protease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisin F McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne L Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose L Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Claudie Gabillard-Lefort
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark P Murphy
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Leigh B Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emer P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross E Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomas P Carroll
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Alpha-1 Foundation, Ireland
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Grace Hogan
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natalie L McEvoy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W Mallon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ger Curley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew C Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Dinnon KH, Leist SR, Okuda K, Dang H, Fritch EJ, Gully KL, De la Cruz G, Evangelista MD, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, Nakano S, West A, Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Everman JL, Sajuthi SP, Zweigart MR, Dong S, McBride J, Cooley MR, Hines JB, Love MK, Groshong SD, VanSchoiack A, Phelan SJ, Liang Y, Hether T, Leon M, Zumwalt RE, Barton LM, Duval EJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Stroberg E, Borczuk A, Thorne LB, Sakthivel MK, Lee YZ, Hagood JS, Mock JR, Seibold MA, O’Neal WK, Montgomery SA, Boucher RC, Baric RS. A model of persistent post SARS-CoV-2 induced lung disease for target identification and testing of therapeutic strategies. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.15.480515. [PMID: 35194605 PMCID: PMC8863140 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.15.480515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 survivors develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), but the mechanistic basis of PASC-associated lung abnormalities suffers from a lack of longitudinal samples. Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 produces an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice similar to humans. To investigate PASC pathogenesis, studies of MA10-infected mice were extended from acute disease through clinical recovery. At 15-120 days post-virus clearance, histologic evaluation identified subpleural lesions containing collagen, proliferative fibroblasts, and chronic inflammation with tertiary lymphoid structures. Longitudinal spatial transcriptional profiling identified global reparative and fibrotic pathways dysregulated in diseased regions, similar to human COVID-19. Populations of alveolar intermediate cells, coupled with focal upregulation of pro-fibrotic markers, were identified in persistently diseased regions. Early intervention with antiviral EIDD-2801 reduced chronic disease, and early anti-fibrotic agent (nintedanib) intervention modified early disease severity. This murine model provides opportunities to identify pathways associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease and test countermeasures to ameliorate PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mia D. Evangelista
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Padraig Hawkins
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie L. Everman
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Satria P. Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark R. Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle R. Cooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesse B. Hines
- Golden Point Scientific Laboratories, Hoover, Alabama, USA
| | - Miriya K. Love
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steve D. Groshong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tyler Hether
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Leon
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ross E. Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa M. Barton
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eric J. Duval
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Edana Stroberg
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Leigh B. Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Muthu K. Sakthivel
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yueh Z. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S. Hagood
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology Division and Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason R. Mock
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Tomita N, Okuda K, Hashimoto S, Murai T, Ishikura S. Role of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Borderline Patients for Surgery due to Impaired Pulmonary Function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Lee R, Okuda K, Gallant S, Grubb B, Rogers T, Nakano S, Pickles R, Boucher R, Randell S. 668: Novel method of ex vivo airway tissue culture to model cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)02091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Mikami Y, Grubb B, Rogers T, Dang H, Kota P, Gilmore R, Okuda K, Asakura T, Kato T, Gentzsch M, Stutts J, Randell S, O’Neal W, Boucher R. 366: Airway Obstruction Produces Hypoxia-Dependent Sodium Absorption in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Asakura T, Okuda K, Chen G, Gilmore R, Kato T, Mikami Y, Cardenas SB, Chua M, Masugi Y, Noone P, Ribeiro C, Doerschuk C, Hasegawa N, Randell S, O’Neal W, Boucher R. 357: Molecular characterization of airway in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Okuda K, Dang H, Kobayashi Y, Carraro G, Nakano S, Chen G, Kato T, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Morton LC, Lee RE, Mascenik T, Yin WN, Barbosa Cardenas SM, O'Neal YK, Minnick CE, Chua M, Quinney NL, Gentzsch M, Anderson CW, Ghio A, Matsui H, Nagase T, Ostrowski LE, Grubb BR, Olsen JC, Randell SH, Stripp BR, Tata PR, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Secretory Cells Dominate Airway CFTR Expression and Function in Human Airway Superficial Epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1275-1289. [PMID: 33321047 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3198oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Identification of the specific cell types expressing CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) is required for precision medicine therapies for CF. However, a full characterization of CFTR expression in normal human airway epithelia is missing. Objectives: To identify the cell types that contribute to CFTR expression and function within the proximal-distal axis of the normal human lung. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on freshly isolated human large and small airway epithelial cells. scRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and single-cell qRT-PCR were performed for validation. In vitro culture systems correlated CFTR function with cell types. Lentiviruses were used for cell type-specific transduction of wild-type CFTR in CF cells. Measurements and Main Results: scRNA-seq identified secretory cells as dominating CFTR expression in normal human large and, particularly, small airway superficial epithelia, followed by basal cells. Ionocytes expressed the highest CFTR levels but were rare, whereas the expression in ciliated cells was infrequent and low. scRNA ISH and single-cell qRT-PCR confirmed the scRNA-seq findings. CF lungs exhibited distributions of CFTR and ionocytes similar to those of normal control subjects. CFTR mediated Cl- secretion in cultures tracked secretory cell, but not ionocyte, densities. Furthermore, the nucleotide-purinergic regulatory system that controls CFTR-mediated hydration was associated with secretory cells and not with ionocytes. Lentiviral transduction of wild-type CFTR produced CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in CF airway secretory cells but not in ciliated cells. Conclusions: Secretory cells dominate CFTR expression and function in human airway superficial epithelia. CFTR therapies may need to restore CFTR function to multiple cell types, with a focus on secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Lisa C Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | | | - Michael Chua
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Carlton W Anderson
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Ghio
- Clinical Research Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- Center for Respiratory Disease, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - John C Olsen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
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24
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Okuda K, Nakajima K, Saito H, Yamashita S, Hashimoto M, Kinuya S. Radiomics analysis of myocardial perfusion SPECT images in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab111.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): JSPS KAKENHI Grants
Background
Although myocardial perfusion heterogeneity due to focally damaged cardiomyocytes is observed in single−photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, a current perfusion defect scoring system does not allow us to provide sufficient diagnostic information for heterogeneity.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to perform radiomics analysis of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) images to investigate the potential to detect myocardial perfusion heterogeneity.
Methods
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 3), heart failure (n = 9), and with a low likelihood of coronary artery disease (n =15) (Figure 1), who underwent a rest 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT, were assessed using a LIFEx software. Four shape−based features, 6 histogram−based features, and 32 textural features were computed. The relevant features for the classification of the patients were selected using the Boruta algorithm, and hierarchical clustering of the selected features using the Spearman correlation coefficient was also performed for the feature reduction. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed by the support vector machine to calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the selected features.
Results
Of 40 features, 17 were selected by the classification analysis, and these features were classified into 7 classes by the correlation analysis (Figure 2). The ROC AUCs for 7 features extracted from each class were 0.99, 0.97, 0.96, 0.92, 0.90, 0.86, and 0.83 for the contrast of NDGLDM, the entropy of histogram, ZLNU of GLZLM, the energy of GLCM, the energy of histogram, SZLGE of GLZLM, and the correlation of GLCM, respectively, as compared to 0.39 for a summed rest score.
Conclusions
Radiomics analysis successfully determined the myocardial perfusion heterogeneity in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. It might be promising for the evaluation of myocardial damages that cannot be analyzed by the conventional scoring method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okuda
- Kanazawa Medical University, Physics, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Nakajima
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Saito
- Kanazawa Medical University, Radiological Technology, Kahoku, Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Radiology, Hakusan, Japan
| | - M Hashimoto
- Kanazawa Medical University, Physics, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - S Kinuya
- Kanazawa University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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25
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Komuro A, Yamada Y, Uesugi S, Terashima H, Kimura M, Kishimoto H, Iida T, Sakamoto K, Okuda K, Kusano K, Baba S, Sakamoto T. Accuracy and dimensional reproducibility by model scanning, intraoral scanning, and CBCT imaging for digital implant dentistry. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:63. [PMID: 34189641 PMCID: PMC8241962 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, it has become possible to analyze implant placement position using the digital matching data of optical impression data of the oral cavity or plaster models with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, and create a highly accurate surgical guide. It has been reported that CBCT measurements were smaller than the actual values, termed shrinkage. Matching of digital data is reliable when the plaster model or intraoral impression values show shrinkage at the same rate as the CBCT data. However, if the shrinkage rate is significantly different, the obtained digital data become unreliable. To clarify digital matching reliability, we examined dimensional reproducibility and shrinkage in measurements obtained with a model scanner, intra-oral scanner (iOS), and CBCT. Materials and methods Three implants that were arranged in a triangle were fixed in an acrylic plate. The distance between each implants were measured using model scanner, iOS, and CBCT. The actual size measured by electronic caliper was regarded as control. Results All values measured with CBCT were significantly smaller than that of model scanner, iOS, and control (p<0.001). The model scanner shrinkage was 0.37-0.39%, iOS shrinkage was 0.9-1.4%, and CBCT shrinkage was 1.8-6.9%. There were statistically significant differences among the shrinkage with iOS, CBCT, and model scanner (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings showed that all measurements obtained with those modalities showed shrinkage as compared to the actual values. In addition, CBCT shrinkage was largest among three different measuring methods. They indicated that data matching between CBCT and scanner measurements requires attention in regard to the reliability of values obtained with those devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Komuro
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Yamada
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17 Otemae Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uesugi
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terashima
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Masashi Kimura
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kishimoto
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iida
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sakamoto
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kusano
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17 Otemae Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Baba
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17 Otemae Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Osaka Academy of Oral Implantology, 1-1-43 Abenosuji, Abenoku, Osaka, 545-6008, Japan
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Huang N, Pérez P, Kato T, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Conde CD, Gasmi B, Stein S, Beach M, Pelayo E, Maldonado JO, Lafont BA, Jang SI, Nasir N, Padilla RJ, Murrah VA, Maile R, Lovell W, Wallet SM, Bowman NM, Meinig SL, Wolfgang MC, Choudhury SN, Novotny M, Aevermann BD, Scheuermann RH, Cannon G, Anderson CW, Lee RE, Marchesan JT, Bush M, Freire M, Kimple AJ, Herr DL, Rabin J, Grazioli A, Das S, French BN, Pranzatelli T, Chiorini JA, Kleiner DE, Pittaluga S, Hewitt SM, Burbelo PD, Chertow D, Frank K, Lee J, Boucher RC, Teichmann SA, Warner BM, Byrd KM. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. Nat Med 2021; 27:892-903. [PMID: 33767405 PMCID: PMC8240394 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite signs of infection-including taste loss, dry mouth and mucosal lesions such as ulcerations, enanthema and macules-the involvement of the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. To address this, we generated and analyzed two single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of the human minor salivary glands and gingiva (9 samples, 13,824 cells), identifying 50 cell clusters. Using integrated cell normalization and annotation, we classified 34 unique cell subpopulations between glands and gingiva. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry factors such as ACE2 and TMPRSS members were broadly enriched in epithelial cells of the glands and oral mucosae. Using orthogonal RNA and protein expression assessments, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the glands and mucosae. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 and TMPRSS expression and sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acellular and cellular salivary fractions from asymptomatic individuals were found to transmit SARS-CoV-2 ex vivo. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples displayed distinct viral shedding dynamics, and salivary viral burden correlated with COVID-19 symptoms, including taste loss. Upon recovery, this asymptomatic cohort exhibited sustained salivary IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, these data show that the oral cavity is an important site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and implicate saliva as a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Paola Pérez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Billel Gasmi
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sydney Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Department of Critical Care Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Beach
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Pelayo
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jose O. Maldonado
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernard A. Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shyh-Ing Jang
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Nasir
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo J. Padilla
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valerie A. Murrah
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Lovell
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie M. Bowman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saibyasachi N. Choudhury
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Novotny
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian D. Aevermann
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Cannon
- The Advanced Analytics Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlton W. Anderson
- The Advanced Analytics Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rhianna E. Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie T. Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mandy Bush
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J. Kimple
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L. Herr
- Department of Shock Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Rabin
- Department of Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison Grazioli
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanchita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin N. French
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pranzatelli
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A. Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D. Burbelo
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Department of Critical Care Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Frank
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies & Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK,Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors jointly supervised this work: Blake M. Warner, Kevin M. Byrd,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to B.M.W. or K.M.B. ;
| | - Kevin M. Byrd
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA,These authors jointly supervised this work: Blake M. Warner, Kevin M. Byrd,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to B.M.W. or K.M.B. ;
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Okuda K, Randell SH, Birket SE. The Big Impact of Small Airway pH. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:123-125. [PMID: 33831321 PMCID: PMC8399579 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0070ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan E Birket
- Department of Medicine The University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
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28
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Miyashita N, Horie M, Suzuki HI, Saito M, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Boucher RC, Suzukawa M, Hebisawa A, Saito A, Nagase T. FOXL1 Regulates Lung Fibroblast Function via Multiple Mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 63:831-842. [PMID: 32946266 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0396oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts provide a structural framework for multiple organs and are essential for wound repair and fibrotic processes. Here, we demonstrate functional roles of FOXL1 (forkhead box L1), a transcription factor that characterizes the pulmonary origin of lung fibroblasts. We detected high FOXL1 transcripts associated with DNA hypomethylation and super-enhancer formation in lung fibroblasts, which is in contrast with fibroblasts derived from other organs. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in normal lung tissue indicated that FOXL1 mRNA and protein are expressed in submucosal interstitial cells together with airway epithelial cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that FOXL1 could control a broad array of genes that potentiate fibroblast function, including TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif)/YAP (Yes-associated protein) signature genes and PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α). FOXL1 silencing in lung fibroblasts attenuated cell growth and collagen gel contraction capacity, underscoring the functional importance of FOXL1 in fibroproliferative reactions. Of clinical importance, increased FOXL1 mRNA expression was found in fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissue. Our observations suggest that FOXL1 regulates multiple functional aspects of lung fibroblasts as a key transcription factor and is involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
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29
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Hou YJ, Chiba S, Halfmann P, Ehre C, Kuroda M, Dinnon KH, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Nakajima N, Takahashi K, Lee RE, Mascenik TM, Graham R, Edwards CE, Tse LV, Okuda K, Markmann AJ, Bartelt L, de Silva A, Margolis DM, Boucher RC, Randell SH, Suzuki T, Gralinski LE, Kawaoka Y, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo. Science 2020; 370:1464-1468. [PMID: 33184236 PMCID: PMC7775736 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe8499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spike aspartic acid-614 to glycine (D614G) substitution is prevalent in global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, but its effects on viral pathogenesis and transmissibility remain unclear. We engineered a SARS-CoV-2 variant containing this substitution. The variant exhibits more efficient infection, replication, and competitive fitness in primary human airway epithelial cells but maintains similar morphology and in vitro neutralization properties, compared with the ancestral wild-type virus. Infection of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice and Syrian hamsters with both viruses resulted in similar viral titers in respiratory tissues and pulmonary disease. However, the D614G variant transmits significantly faster and displayed increased competitive fitness than the wild-type virus in hamsters. These data show that the D614G substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, competitive fitness, and transmission in primary human cells and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shiho Chiba
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Teresa M Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin E Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alena J Markmann
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luther Bartelt
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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30
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Leist SR, Dinnon KH, Schäfer A, Tse LV, Okuda K, Hou YJ, West A, Edwards CE, Sanders W, Fritch EJ, Gully KL, Scobey T, Brown AJ, Sheahan TP, Moorman NJ, Boucher RC, Gralinski LE, Montgomery SA, Baric RS. A Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Standard Laboratory Mice. Cell 2020; 183:1070-1085.e12. [PMID: 33031744 PMCID: PMC7510428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused extreme human suffering and economic harm. We generated and characterized a new mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus that captures multiple aspects of severe COVID-19 disease in standard laboratory mice. This SARS-CoV-2 model exhibits the spectrum of morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 disease as well as aspects of host genetics, age, cellular tropisms, elevated Th1 cytokines, and loss of surfactant expression and pulmonary function linked to pathological features of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This model can rapidly access existing mouse resources to elucidate the role of host genetics, underlying molecular mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and the protective or pathogenic immune responses related to disease severity. The model promises to provide a robust platform for studies of ALI and ARDS to evaluate vaccine and antiviral drug performance, including in the most vulnerable populations (i.e., the aged) using standard laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin E Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wes Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kendra L Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ariane J Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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31
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Huang N, Perez P, Kato T, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Domínguez Conde C, Gasmi B, Stein S, Beach M, Pelayo E, Maldonado J, LaFont B, Padilla R, Murrah V, Maile R, Lovell W, Wallet S, Bowman NM, Meinig SL, Wolfgang MC, Choudhury SN, Novotny M, Aevermann BD, Scheuermann R, Cannon G, Anderson C, Marchesan J, Bush M, Freire M, Kimple A, Herr DL, Rabin J, Grazioli A, French BN, Pranzatelli T, Chiorini JA, Kleiner DE, Pittaluga S, Hewitt S, Burbelo PD, Chertow D, Frank K, Lee J, Boucher RC, Teichmann SA, Warner BM, Byrd KM. Integrated Single-Cell Atlases Reveal an Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Transmission Axis. medRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33140061 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite signs of infection, the involvement of the oral cavity in COVID-19 is poorly understood. To address this, single-cell RNA sequencing data-sets were integrated from human minor salivary glands and gingiva to identify 11 epithelial, 7 mesenchymal, and 15 immune cell clusters. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry factor expression showed enrichment in epithelia including the ducts and acini of the salivary glands and the suprabasal cells of the mucosae. COVID-19 autopsy tissues confirmed in vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection in the salivary glands and mucosa. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples found distinct viral shedding dynamics and viral burden in saliva correlated with COVID-19 symptoms including taste loss. Upon recovery, this cohort exhibited salivary antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Collectively, the oral cavity represents a robust site for COVID-19 infection and implicates saliva in viral transmission.
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32
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Hou YJ, Okuda K, Edwards CE, Martinez DR, Asakura T, Dinnon KH, Kato T, Lee RE, Yount BL, Mascenik TM, Chen G, Olivier KN, Ghio A, Tse LV, Leist SR, Gralinski LE, Schäfer A, Dang H, Gilmore R, Nakano S, Sun L, Fulcher ML, Livraghi-Butrico A, Nicely NI, Cameron M, Cameron C, Kelvin DJ, de Silva A, Margolis DM, Markmann A, Bartelt L, Zumwalt R, Martinez FJ, Salvatore SP, Borczuk A, Tata PR, Sontake V, Kimple A, Jaspers I, O'Neal WK, Randell SH, Boucher RC, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract. Cell 2020; 182:429-446.e14. [PMID: 32526206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mode of acquisition and causes for the variable clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unknown. We utilized a reverse genetics system to generate a GFP reporter virus to explore severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and a luciferase reporter virus to demonstrate sera collected from SARS and COVID-19 patients exhibited limited cross-CoV neutralization. High-sensitivity RNA in situ mapping revealed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the nose with decreasing expression throughout the lower respiratory tract, paralleled by a striking gradient of SARS-CoV-2 infection in proximal (high) versus distal (low) pulmonary epithelial cultures. COVID-19 autopsied lung studies identified focal disease and, congruent with culture data, SARS-CoV-2-infected ciliated and type 2 pneumocyte cells in airway and alveolar regions, respectively. These findings highlight the nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin E Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Teresa M Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rodney Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Leslie Fulcher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Nathan I Nicely
- Protein Expression and Purification Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David J Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Laboratory of Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alena Markmann
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luther Bartelt
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ross Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Salvatore
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Purushothama R Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Kimple
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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33
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Hou YJ, Okuda K, Edwards CE, Martinez DR, Asakura T, Dinnon KH, Kato T, Lee RE, Yount BL, Mascenik TM, Chen G, Olivier KN, Ghio A, Tse LV, Leist SR, Gralinski LE, Schäfer A, Dang H, Gilmore R, Nakano S, Sun L, Fulcher ML, Livraghi-Butrico A, Nicely NI, Cameron M, Cameron C, Kelvin DJ, de Silva A, Margolis DM, Markmann A, Bartelt L, Zumwalt R, Martinez FJ, Salvatore SP, Borczuk A, Tata PR, Sontake V, Kimple A, Jaspers I, O'Neal WK, Randell SH, Boucher RC, Baric RS. SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract. Cell 2020; 182:429-446.e14. [PMID: 32526206 PMCID: PMC7250779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1039] [Impact Index Per Article: 259.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mode of acquisition and causes for the variable clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unknown. We utilized a reverse genetics system to generate a GFP reporter virus to explore severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and a luciferase reporter virus to demonstrate sera collected from SARS and COVID-19 patients exhibited limited cross-CoV neutralization. High-sensitivity RNA in situ mapping revealed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the nose with decreasing expression throughout the lower respiratory tract, paralleled by a striking gradient of SARS-CoV-2 infection in proximal (high) versus distal (low) pulmonary epithelial cultures. COVID-19 autopsied lung studies identified focal disease and, congruent with culture data, SARS-CoV-2-infected ciliated and type 2 pneumocyte cells in airway and alveolar regions, respectively. These findings highlight the nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin E Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Teresa M Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rodney Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Leslie Fulcher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Nathan I Nicely
- Protein Expression and Purification Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David J Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Laboratory of Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alena Markmann
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luther Bartelt
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ross Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Salvatore
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Purushothama R Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Kimple
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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34
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Chen G, Sun L, Kato T, Okuda K, Martino MB, Abzhanova A, Lin JM, Gilmore RC, Batson BD, O'Neal YK, Volmer AS, Dang H, Deng Y, Randell SH, Button B, Livraghi-Butrico A, Kesimer M, Ribeiro CM, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. IL-1β dominates the promucin secretory cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4433-4450. [PMID: 31524632 DOI: 10.1172/jci125669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by early and persistent mucus accumulation and neutrophilic inflammation in the distal airways. Identification of the factors in CF mucopurulent secretions that perpetuate CF mucoinflammation may provide strategies for novel CF pharmacotherapies. We show that IL-1β, with IL-1α, dominated the mucin prosecretory activities of supernatants of airway mucopurulent secretions (SAMS). Like SAMS, IL-1β alone induced MUC5B and MUC5AC protein secretion and mucus hyperconcentration in CF human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Mechanistically, IL-1β induced the sterile α motif-pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and downstream endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 (ERN2) to upregulate mucin gene expression. Increased mRNA levels of IL1B, SPDEF, and ERN2 were associated with increased MUC5B and MUC5AC expression in the distal airways of excised CF lungs. Administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) blocked SAMS-induced expression of mucins and proinflammatory mediators in CF HBE cells. In conclusion, IL-1α and IL-1β are upstream components of a signaling pathway, including IL-1R1 and downstream SPDEF and ERN2, that generate a positive feedback cycle capable of producing persistent mucus hyperconcentration and IL-1α and/or IL-1β-mediated neutrophilic inflammation in the absence of infection in CF airways. Targeting this pathway therapeutically may ameliorate mucus obstruction and inflammation-induced structural damage in young CF children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Research Center of Regeneration Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary B Martino
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aiman Abzhanova
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lin
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany D Batson
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yvonne K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison S Volmer
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yangmei Deng
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carla Mp Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Rao W, Wang S, Duleba M, Niroula S, Goller K, Xie J, Mahalingam R, Neupane R, Liew AA, Vincent M, Okuda K, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC, Dickey BF, Wechsler ME, Ibrahim O, Engelhardt JF, Mertens TCJ, Wang W, Jyothula SSK, Crum CP, Karmouty-Quintana H, Parekh KR, Metersky ML, McKeon FD, Xian W. Regenerative Metaplastic Clones in COPD Lung Drive Inflammation and Fibrosis. Cell 2020; 181:848-864.e18. [PMID: 32298651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition of chronic bronchitis, small airway obstruction, and emphysema that represents a leading cause of death worldwide. While inflammation, fibrosis, mucus hypersecretion, and metaplastic epithelial lesions are hallmarks of this disease, their origins and dependent relationships remain unclear. Here we apply single-cell cloning technologies to lung tissue of patients with and without COPD. Unlike control lungs, which were dominated by normal distal airway progenitor cells, COPD lungs were inundated by three variant progenitors epigenetically committed to distinct metaplastic lesions. When transplanted to immunodeficient mice, these variant clones induced pathology akin to the mucous and squamous metaplasia, neutrophilic inflammation, and fibrosis seen in COPD. Remarkably, similar variants pre-exist as minor constituents of control and fetal lung and conceivably act in normal processes of immune surveillance. However, these same variants likely catalyze the pathologic and progressive features of COPD when expanded to high numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Marcin Duleba
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Suchan Niroula
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Kristina Goller
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Jingzhong Xie
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Rahul Neupane
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | - Audrey-Ann Liew
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA
| | | | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Omar Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Soma S K Jyothula
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark L Metersky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Frank D McKeon
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA.
| | - Wa Xian
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77003, USA.
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36
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Okuda K, Chen G, Subramani DB, Wolf M, Gilmore RC, Kato T, Radicioni G, Kesimer M, Chua M, Dang H, Livraghi-Butrico A, Ehre C, Doerschuk CM, Randell SH, Matsui H, Nagase T, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Localization of Secretory Mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in Normal/Healthy Human Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:715-727. [PMID: 30352166 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0734oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE MUC5AC and MUC5B are the predominant gel-forming mucins in the mucus layer of human airways. Each mucin has distinct functions and site-specific expression. However, the regional distribution of expression and cell types that secrete each mucin in normal/healthy human airways are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To characterize the regional distribution of MUC5B and MUC5AC in normal/healthy human airways and assess which cell types produce these mucins, referenced to the club cell secretory protein (CCSP). METHODS Multiple airway regions from 16 nonsmoker lungs without a history of lung disease were studied. MUC5AC, MUC5B, and CCSP expression/colocalization were assessed by RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in five lungs with histologically healthy airways. Droplet digital PCR and cell cultures were performed for absolute quantification of MUC5AC/5B ratios and protein secretion, respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Submucosal glands expressed MUC5B, but not MUC5AC. However, MUC5B was also extensively expressed in superficial epithelia throughout the airways except for the terminal bronchioles. Morphometric calculations revealed that the distal airway superficial epithelium was the predominant site for MUC5B expression, whereas MUC5AC expression was concentrated in proximal, cartilaginous airways. RNA in situ hybridization revealed MUC5AC and MUC5B were colocalized with CCSP-positive secretory cells in proximal superficial epithelia, whereas MUC5B and CCSP-copositive cells dominated distal regions. CONCLUSIONS In normal/healthy human airways, MUC5B is the dominant secretory mucin in the superficial epithelium and glands, with distal airways being a major site of expression. MUC5B and MUC5AC expression is a property of CCSP-positive secretory cells in superficial airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Durai B Subramani
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Monroe Wolf
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Takafumi Kato
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Chua
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Dang
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Camille Ehre
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- 2 Center for Respiratory Diseases, Tokyo National Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; and the
| | - Takahide Nagase
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- 1 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Sakane T, Okuda K, Yokota K, Tatematsu T, Endo K, Nakanishi R. EP1.15-07 A Mutational Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway Genes in Thymic Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tomita N, Okuda K, Oosaga S, Miyakawa A, Nakanishi R, Shibamoto Y. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Surgery for Patients with Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Comparison of Long-Term Outcome with a Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen G, Ribeiro CMP, Sun L, Okuda K, Kato T, Gilmore RC, Martino MB, Dang H, Abzhanova A, Lin JM, Hull-Ryde EA, Volmer AS, Randell SH, Livraghi-Butrico A, Deng Y, Scherer PE, Stripp BR, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. XBP1S Regulates MUC5B in a Promoter Variant-Dependent Pathway in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:220-234. [PMID: 30973754 PMCID: PMC6635783 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1972oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The goal was to connect elements of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis, including chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory epithelia associated with injury/inflammation and remodeling, distal airway mucus obstruction and honeycomb cyst formation with accumulation of MUC5B (mucin 5B), and associations between IPF risk and polymorphisms in the MUC5B promoter. Objectives: To test whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor protein ERN2 (ER-to-nucleus signaling 2) and its downstream effector, the spliced form of XBP1S (X-box-binding protein 1), regulate MUC5B expression and differentially activate the MUC5B promoter variant in respiratory epithelia. Methods: Primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cells, transgenic mouse models, human IPF lung tissues, and cell lines expressing XBP1S and MUC5B promoters were used to explore relationships between the ERN2/XBP1S pathway and MUC5B. An inhibitor of the pathway, KIRA6, and XBP1 CRISPR-Cas9 were used in HAE cells to explore therapeutic potential. Measurements and Main Results: ERN2 regulated MUC5B and MUC5AC mRNAs. Downstream XBP1S selectively promoted MUC5B expression in vitro and in distal murine airway epithelia in vivo. XBP1S bound to the proximal region of the MUC5B promoter and differentially upregulated MUC5B expression in the context of the MUC5B promoter rs35705950 variant. High levels of ERN2 and XBP1S were associated with excessive MUC5B mRNAs in distal airways of human IPF lungs. Cytokine-induced MUC5B expression in HAE cells was inhibited by KIRA6 and XBP1 CRISPR-Cas9. Conclusions: A positive feedback bistable ERN2-XBP1S pathway regulates MUC5B-dominated mucus obstruction in IPF, providing an unfolded protein response-dependent mechanism linking the MUC5B promoter rs35705950 polymorphism with IPF pathogenesis. Inhibiting ERN2-dependent pathways/elements may provide a therapeutic option for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ling Sun
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Research Center of Regeneration Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mary B. Martino
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Aiman Abzhanova
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer M. Lin
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily A. Hull-Ryde
- Center of Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Allison S. Volmer
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Pulmonary Research, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ, Baclawska A, Okuda K, Skarzynski DJ. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on endometrial collagen and metallopeptidase expression during the course of equine endometrosis. Cytokine 2019; 123:154767. [PMID: 31265984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine endometrosis (endometrial fibrosis) is a degenerative chronic process that occurs in the uterus of the mare and disturbs proper endometrial function. Fibrosis is attributed to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The turnover of ECM is mediated by matrix metallopeptidases (MMP). Previously, it was shown that cytokines modulate MMP expression in other tissues and may regulate fibrosis indirectly by attracting inflammatory cells to the site of inflammation and directly on various tissues. However, the regulation of MMP expression in equine endometrosis is still relatively unknown. Thus, our aim was to determine if interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 regulate ECM, MMPs, or their inhibitors (TIMPs) and whether this regulation differs during endometrosis in the mare. Endometrial fibrosis was divided into four categories according to severity: I (no degenerative changes), IIA (mild degenerative changes), IIB (moderate degenerative changes) and III (severe degenerative changes) according to Kenney and Doig classification. Endometrial explants (n = 5 for category I, IIA, IIB and III according to Kenney and Doig) were incubated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or IL-6 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Secretion and mRNA transcription of collagen type 1 (Col1a1) and type 3 (Col3a1), fibronectin (Fn1), Mmp-1, -2, -3, -9, -13, Timp-1, -2 were analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. IL-1β treatment up-regulated secretion of COL1, MMP-2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 in category I endometrial fibrosis tissues (P < 0.05). IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of ECM, MMP-2, and MMP-3 and down-regulated secretion of MMP-9 in category I tissues (P < 0.05). In category IIA tissues, IL-1β and IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of COL3 (P < 0.05; P < 0.05), and IL-6 treatment also down-regulated secretion of MMP-9 (P < 0.05). In category IIB tissues, IL-1β treatment down-regulated secretion of COL3 (P < 0.05) and up-regulated secretion of MMP-3 (P < 0.01), while IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (P < 0.05). In category III tissues, IL-1β treatment up-regulated secretion of COL1, MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 (P < 0.05), and IL-6 up-regulated secretion of all investigated ECM components, MMPs and TIMPs. These results reveal that the effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on equine endometrium differs depending on the severity of endometrial fibrosis. Our findings indicate an association between inflammation and development of endometrosis through the effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on expression of ECM components, MMPs, and TIMPs in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A Baclawska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Okuda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Science, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - D J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Okuda K, Nakajima K, Saito H, Ito T, Kikuchi A, Yoneyama H, Shibutani T, Onoguchi M, Matsuo S, Hashimoto M, Kinuya S. P126Texture analysis of myocardial perfusion SPECT with a digital cardiac phantom. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez147.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Okuda
- Kanazawa Medical University, Physics, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Nakajima
- Kanazawa University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Saito
- Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Radiology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Kikuchi
- Hokkaido University of Science, Radiological Technology, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Yoneyama
- Kanazawa University Hospital, Radiological Technology, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Shibutani
- Kanazawa University, Quantum Medical Technology, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M Onoguchi
- Kanazawa University, Quantum Medical Technology, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - S Matsuo
- Kanazawa University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M Hashimoto
- Kanazawa Medical University, Physics, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - S Kinuya
- Kanazawa University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Ando T, Kawashima M, Masuda K, Takeda K, Okuda K, Suzuki J, Ohshima N, Horibe M, Tamura A, Nagai H, Matsui H, Ohta K. Exacerbation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis was associated with a high rebleeding rate after bronchial artery embolization. Respir Investig 2019; 57:260-267. [PMID: 30692051 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoptysis is a common symptom associated with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). While surgery is the primary choice to manage hemoptysis, it is often avoided because patients with CPA are more likely to have complications such as respiratory insufficiency and low pulmonary function. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) may be considered one of the treatments of massive and persistent hemoptysis for such patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 41 patients, admitted to National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan with hemoptysis arising from CPA between January 2011 to December 2016, who were considered inoperable and had undergone BAE. RESULTS Out of the 41 cases analyzed in this study, 21 (51.2%) developed rebleeding after BAE within the mean follow-up duration of 24 months. The non-rebleeding rate of patients after BAE was 92.7% within a month and 65.8% within a year. Patients who developed rebleeding had significantly more non-bronchial systemic arteries responsible for the bleeding compared with patients who did not develop rebleeding (mean of 2.55 vs. 4.86, respectively, P = 0.011). Patients with stable or improved radiological findings demonstrated significantly lower rebleeding rates than those with radiological deterioration (P < 0.001). The non-rebleeding patients had significantly better survival than those with rebleeding (79.7% vs. 39.9% over 5 years, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Bronchial artery embolization was effective in controlling hemoptysis in patients with CPA, especially those who could not undergo surgical resection. However, disease control of CPA was important to prevent rebleeding over the long term and to improve survival after BAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ando
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Kimihiko Masuda
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Keita Takeda
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Junko Suzuki
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Nobuharu Ohshima
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Horibe
- Radiology Department, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Atsuhisa Tamura
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Nagai
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
| | - Ken Ohta
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
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Kira S, Shiihara K, Okuda K. Postoperative changes in serum creatine kinase in paediatric orthopaedic patients with preoperative hyperCKaemia: review of three cases. South Afr J Anaesth Analg 2019. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2019.25.3.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level is commonly known as hyperCKaemia, and anaesthesiologists must take into account the potential susceptibility of hyperCKaemia patients to develop malignant hyperthermia during general anaesthesia as well as acute onset of rhabdomyolysis postoperatively. Three paediatric patients with hyperCKaemia were scheduled for orthopaedic surgery. With the consent of their parents, their CK changes were monitored for seven days postoperatively to detect rhabdomyolysis. The results showed that the postoperative CK change patterns were almost the same as those for patients whose CK levels were within reference range. Maximum CK levels tended to be higher in these patients than in the CK reference-range patients studied previously, although the reason remains unclear. This experience and previous studies suggest that measuring CK levels at least on postoperative days 1 and 2 might be better for detecting early signs of rhabdomyolysis, even in paediatric patients with hyperCKaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kira
- Beppu Developmental Medicine & Rehabilitation Center
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Takatani J, Takeshima N, Okuda K, Uchino T, Hagiwara S, Noguchi T. Enhanced Needle Visualization: Advantages and Indications of an Ultrasound Software Package. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 40:856-60. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1204000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Takatani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan
| | - N. Takeshima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan
| | - K. Okuda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan
| | - T. Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan
| | - S. Hagiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan
| | - T. Noguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan
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Oda R, Okuda K, Watanabe T, Sakane T, Tatematsu T, Yokota K, Haneda H, Nakanishi R. P3.16-37 Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes Between VATS and Open Lobectomies for Stage I NSCLC: Propensity Score-Matching Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sakane T, Haneda H, Okuda K, Yokota K, Tatematsu T, Oda R, Watanabe T, Saito Y, Yamada T, Nakanishi R. OA11.04 A Comparative Study of PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Assays with Four Reliable Antibodies in Thymic Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nishikawa S, Kondo N, Endo Y, Hato Y, Hisada T, Nishimoto M, Dong Y, Okuda K, Kato H, Takahashi S, Nakanishi R, Toyama T. Abstract P3-08-11: The prognostic impact of retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) expression in ERα-positive breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-08-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer cells disseminate to the bone marrow and form bone metastases in a large majority of late-stage patients. Retinoic Acid-Induced 2 (RAI2) was reported as a putative suppressor of early hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells to the bone marrow in breast cancer, particularly in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. Here, we investigated mRNA expression of RAI-2 in breast cancer patients during long-term follow-up.
Materials and methods: A total of 451 invasive breast cancer tissues was available for analysis of RAI2 mRNA using a TaqMan PCR system. We also sought correlations between clinicopathological factors and levels of RAI2 expression in these samples. The expression of markers associated with tumor-initiating capacity, such as SNAI1, SNAI2 and VIM was also analyzed. The median follow-up period was 9.0 years. Survival curves were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic values.
Results: We found positive correlations between low expression of RAI2 mRNA and shorter disease-free survival and overall survival in breast cancer patients (P=0.003, P<0.0001, respectively), which was limited to ERα-positive patients (P=0.04, P=0.0009, respectively), and not seen in ERα-negative patients (P=0.52, P=0.27, respectively). Low RAI2 mRNA levels were positively correlated with high grade, ERα-negativity and PgR negativity. Multivariate analysis indicated that low level RAI2 mRNA expression was an independent factor for survival both overall in breast cancer and in ERα-positive breast cancer patients
Multivariate analysis (ERα-positive breast cancer patients) OS Multivariate patientsp valueHR(95%CI)Tumor size≤2cm1390.83691 (Reference) >2cm207 1.08(0.54-2.28)Node statusNegative176<0.00011 (Reference) Positive144 4.72(2.33-10.34)Grade11240.95921 (Reference) 2•3218 0.98(0.50-2.14)RAI2 mRNA expressionhigh140<0.00011 (Reference) middle•low206 4.79(2.14-12.78)
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Conclusion:We show that low expression of RAI2 is an independent factor predictive of a poor prognosis in ERα-positive breast cancer patients. RAI2 could be a promising candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in ERα-positive breast cancer to prevent dissemination to the bone marrow.
Citation Format: Nishikawa S, Kondo N, Endo Y, Hato Y, Hisada T, Nishimoto M, Dong Y, Okuda K, Kato H, Takahashi S, Nakanishi R, Toyama T. The prognostic impact of retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) expression in ERα-positive breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishikawa
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - N Kondo
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Endo
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Hato
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - T Hisada
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Nishimoto
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Dong
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Okuda
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Takahashi
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - R Nakanishi
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - T Toyama
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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48
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Sato C, Okuda K, Tamiya H, Yamamoto K, Hoshina K, Narumoto O, Urushiyama H, Noguchi S, Amano Y, Watanabe K, Mitani A, Kage H, Tanaka G, Yamauchi Y, Takai D, Nagase T. Acute Arterial Thrombosis during Postoperative Adjuvant Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma. Intern Med 2018; 57:557-561. [PMID: 29225246 PMCID: PMC5849553 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8996-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A malignant tumor can cause hypercoagulation and it also often coexists with thrombosis. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy can also induce adverse vascular effects, including arterial thrombosis. We herein report a case of acute arterial thrombosis in a patient undergoing postoperative adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy for completely resected lung cancer. The patient complained of acute leg pain after chemotherapy, and computed tomography revealed multiple thrombi from the thoracic to popliteal arteries. Arterial thrombosis during adjuvant chemotherapy is extremely rare; however, careful clinical observation of patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy is important, because arterial thrombosis, even in the absence of the primary malignant tumor, is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Sato
- General Education Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Yamamoto
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hoshina
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Osamu Narumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Urushiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiya Takai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Nishie T, Kobayashi Y, Kimura K, Okuda K. Acute stimulation of a smooth muscle constrictor by oestradiol-17β via GPER1 in bovine oviducts. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:326-332. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Nishie
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
| | - K Kimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology; Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama Japan
| | - K Okuda
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Japan
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50
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Sakane T, Moriyama S, Haneda H, Okuda K, Kawano O, Watanabe T, Oda R, Nakanishi R. MA 16.10 Treatment Outcomes of Primary Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of the Mediastinum. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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