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Tian J, Mallinger JC, Shi P, Ling D, Deleyrolle LP, Lin M, Khoshbouei H, Sarkisian MR. Aurora kinase A inhibition plus Tumor Treating Fields suppress glioma cell proliferation in a cilium-independent manner. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101956. [PMID: 38640786 PMCID: PMC11053227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) extend the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients by interfering with a broad range of tumor cellular processes. Among these, TTFields disrupt primary cilia stability on GBM cells. Here we asked if concomitant treatment of TTFields with other agents that interfere with GBM ciliogenesis further suppress GBM cell proliferation in vitro. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) promotes both cilia disassembly and GBM growth. Inhibitors of AURKA, such as Alisertib, inhibit cilia disassembly and increase ciliary frequency in various cell types. However, we found that Alisertib treatment significantly reduced GBM cilia frequency in gliomaspheres across multiple patient derived cell lines, and in patient biopsies treated ex vivo. This effect appeared glioma cell-specific as it did not reduce normal neuronal or glial cilia frequencies. Alisertib-mediated depletion of glioma cilia appears specific to AURKA and not AURKB inhibition, and attributable in part to autophagy pathway activation. Treatment of two different GBM patient-derived cell lines with TTFields and Alisertib resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation compared to either treatment alone. However, this effect was not cilia-dependent as the combined treatment reduced proliferation in cilia-depleted cell lines lacking, ARL13B, or U87MG cells which are naturally devoid of ARL13B+ cilia. Thus, Alisertib-mediated effects on glioma cilia may be a useful biomarker of drug efficacy within tumor tissue. Considering Alisertib can cross the blood brain barrier and inhibit intracranial growth, our data warrant future studies to explore whether concomitant Alisertib and TTFields exposure prolongs survival of brain tumor-bearing animals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julianne C Mallinger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dahao Ling
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Chakraborty A, Yang C, Kresak JL, Silver A, Feier D, Tian G, Andrews M, Sobanjo OO, Hodge ED, Engelbart MK, Huang J, Harrison JK, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. KR158 spheres harboring slow-cycling cells recapitulate GBM features in an immunocompetent system. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.26.577279. [PMID: 38501121 PMCID: PMC10945590 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment-resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor-microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM-pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections.
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Yang C, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. Comment on Mahajan, S.; Schmidt, M.H.H. Distinct Lineage of Slow-Cycling Cells Amidst the Prevailing Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cancers 2023, 15, 3843. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:277. [PMID: 38254768 PMCID: PMC10814058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We greatly appreciate the interest, careful reading, and appraisal by Mahajan and Schmidt [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Yang
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Shi P, Tian J, Mallinger JC, Ling D, Deleyrolle LP, McIntyre JC, Caspary T, Breunig JJ, Sarkisian MR. Increasing Ciliary ARL13B Expression Drives Active and Inhibitor-Resistant Smoothened and GLI into Glioma Primary Cilia. Cells 2023; 12:2354. [PMID: 37830570 PMCID: PMC10571910 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B), a regulatory GTPase and guanine exchange factor (GEF), enriches in primary cilia and promotes tumorigenesis in part by regulating Smoothened (SMO), GLI, and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Gliomas with increased ARL13B, SMO, and GLI2 expression are more aggressive, but the relationship to cilia is unclear. Previous studies have showed that increasing ARL13B in glioblastoma cells promoted ciliary SMO accumulation, independent of exogenous SHH addition. Here, we show that SMO accumulation is due to increased ciliary, but not extraciliary, ARL13B. Increasing ARL13B expression promotes the accumulation of both activated SMO and GLI2 in glioma cilia. ARL13B-driven increases in ciliary SMO and GLI2 are resistant to SMO inhibitors, GDC-0449, and cyclopamine. Surprisingly, ARL13B-induced changes in ciliary SMO/GLI2 did not correlate with canonical changes in downstream SHH pathway genes. However, glioma cell lines whose cilia overexpress WT but not guanine exchange factor-deficient ARL13B, display reduced INPP5e, a ciliary membrane component whose depletion may favor SMO/GLI2 enrichment. Glioma cells overexpressing ARL13B also display reduced ciliary intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88), suggesting that altered retrograde transport could further promote SMO/GLI accumulation. Collectively, our data suggest that factors increasing ARL13B expression in glioma cells may promote both changes in ciliary membrane characteristics and IFT proteins, leading to the accumulation of drug-resistant SMO and GLI. The downstream targets and consequences of these ciliary changes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.S.); (J.T.); (J.C.M.); (D.L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.S.); (J.T.); (J.C.M.); (D.L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Julianne C. Mallinger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.S.); (J.T.); (J.C.M.); (D.L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Dahao Ling
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.S.); (J.T.); (J.C.M.); (D.L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.S.); (J.T.); (J.C.M.); (D.L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Joshua J. Breunig
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.S.); (J.T.); (J.C.M.); (D.L.); (J.C.M.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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Ghosh T, Chakraborty A, Jin L, Feier D, Silver A, Rahman M, Flores C, Sarkisian M, Huang J, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. Abstract 904: Optimizing CAR T therapy via metabolic engineering for the treatment of glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma represent a great challenge and current therapies are negligibly effective, with disease recurrence being inevitable. T cell therapy has emerged as a viable treatment for brain malignancies. While promising, the efficacy of this approach is often limited by a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These complexities mean that more sophisticated T cell products are required. The brain tumor microenvironment provides local restraints via metabolic competition suppressing antitumor immunity, specifically inhibiting infiltration and effector functions of host and adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. The objective of this project is to test new treatments to reverse immune dysfunction in brain cancer through the regulation of T cell metabolic signaling. We propose that modulating glucose signaling can potentiate T cell anti-tumor activity. The glucose signaling pathway of T cells was modulated through overexpression of glucose transporters and the function of metabolically modified T cells was investigated using murine and human models. We revealed a competition for glucose between T cells and tumor cells, with tumor cells imposing glucose restriction mediating T cell hyporesponsiveness. Overexpression of glucose transporters such as Glut1 and Glut3 enhanced T cell glucose utilization and provided a survival/growth advantage and greater activation, specifically in glucose-restricted conditions. We established that glucose transporter overexpression improves intratumoral infiltration and expansion of adoptively transferred CAR T cells, resulting in improved survival. Our study integrates fundamental concepts of tumor and immune metabolism in the design of immunotherapy and confirms that immunometabolism represents a viable target for new cancer therapy to treat brain tumors.
Citation Format: Tanya Ghosh, Avirup Chakraborty, Linchun Jin, Diana Feier, Aryeh Silver, Maryam Rahman, Catherine Flores, Matthew Sarkisian, Jianping Huang, Duane A. Mitchell, Loic P. Deleyrolle. Optimizing CAR T therapy via metabolic engineering for the treatment of glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 904.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, requires multi-treatment intervention which unfortunately barely shifts the needle in overall survival. The treatment options after diagnosis and surgical resection (if possible) include irradiation, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and now tumor treating fields (TTFields). TTFields are electric fields delivered locoregionally to the head/tumor via a wearable medical device (Optune®). Overall, the concomitant treatment of TTFields and TMZ target tumor cells but spare normal cell types in the brain. Here, we examine whether primary cilia, microtubule-based "antennas" found on both normal brain cells and GBM cells, play specific roles in sensitizing tumor cells to treatment. We discuss evidence supporting GBM cilia being exploited by tumor cells to promote their growth and treatment resistance. We review how primary cilia on normal brain and GBM cells are affected by GBM treatments as monotherapy or concomitant modalities. We also focus on latest findings indicating a differential regulation of GBM ciliogenesis by TTFields and TMZ. Future studies await arrival of intracranial TTFields models to determine if GBM cilia carry a prognostic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Takacs GP, Kreiger CJ, Luo D, Tian G, Garcia JS, Deleyrolle LP, Mitchell DA, Harrison JK. Glioma-derived CCL2 and CCL7 mediate migration of immune suppressive CCR2 +/CX3CR1 + M-MDSCs into the tumor microenvironment in a redundant manner. Front Immunol 2023; 13:993444. [PMID: 36685592 PMCID: PMC9854274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized in part by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive, hematopoietic cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a potent subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers, distinguished by dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate into the TME. This study evaluated the T cell suppressive function and migratory properties of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ MDSCs. Bone marrow-derived CCR2+/CX3CR1+ cells adopt an immune suppressive cell phenotype when cultured with glioma-derived factors. Recombinant and glioma-derived CCL2 and CCL7 induce the migration of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ MDSCs with similar efficacy. KR158B-CCL2 and -CCL7 knockdown murine gliomas contain equivalent percentages of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ MDSCs compared to KR158B gliomas. Combined neutralization of CCL2 and CCL7 completely blocks CCR2-expressing cell migration to KR158B cell conditioned media. CCR2+/CX3CR1+ cells are also reduced within KR158B gliomas upon combination targeting of CCL2 and CCL7. High levels of CCL2 and CCL7 are also associated with negative prognostic outcomes in GBM patients. These data provide a more comprehensive understanding of the function of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ MDSCs and the role of CCL2 and CCL7 in the recruitment of these immune suppressive cells and further support the significance of targeting this chemokine axis in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Takacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christian J. Kreiger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Defang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julia S. Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Silver A, Feier D, Ghosh T, Rahman M, Huang J, Sarkisian MR, Deleyrolle LP. Heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells in the context of the immune microenvironment and geospatial organization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022716. [PMID: 36338705 PMCID: PMC9628999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor with a 10-year survival of just 0.71%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to seed GBM's inevitable recurrence by evading standard of care treatment, which combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, contributing to this grim prognosis. Effective targeting of CSCs could result in insights into GBM treatment resistance and development of novel treatment paradigms. There is a major ongoing effort to characterize CSCs, understand their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and identify ways to eliminate them. This review discusses the diversity of CSC lineages present in GBM and how this glioma stem cell (GSC) mosaicism drives global intratumoral heterogeneity constituted by complex and spatially distinct local microenvironments. We review how a tumor's diverse CSC populations orchestrate and interact with the environment, especially the immune landscape. We also discuss how to map this intricate GBM ecosystem through the lens of metabolism and immunology to find vulnerabilities and new ways to disrupt the equilibrium of the system to achieve improved disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Silver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana Feier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Loic P. Deleyrolle,
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Shi P, Tian J, Ulm BS, Mallinger JC, Khoshbouei H, Deleyrolle LP, Sarkisian MR. Tumor Treating Fields Suppression of Ciliogenesis Enhances Temozolomide Toxicity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837589. [PMID: 35359402 PMCID: PMC8962950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low-intensity, alternating intermediate-frequency (200 kHz) electrical fields that extend survival of glioblastoma patients receiving maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. How TTFields exert efficacy on cancer over normal cells or interact with TMZ is unclear. Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles triggered by extracellular ligands, mechanical and electrical field stimulation and are capable of promoting cancer growth and TMZ chemoresistance. We found in both low- and high-grade patient glioma cell lines that TTFields ablated cilia within 24 h. Halting TTFields treatment led to recovered frequencies of elongated cilia. Cilia on normal primary astrocytes, neurons, and multiciliated/ependymal cells were less affected by TTFields. The TTFields-mediated loss of glioma cilia was partially rescued by chloroquine pretreatment, suggesting the effect is in part due to autophagy activation. We also observed death of ciliated cells during TTFields by live imaging. Notably, TMZ and TTFields have opposing effects on glioma ciliogenesis. TMZ-induced stimulation of ciliogenesis in both adherent cells and gliomaspheres was blocked by TTFields. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of TTFields and TMZ on tumor cell recurrence are linked to the relative timing of TMZ exposure to TTFields and ARL13B+ cilia. Finally, TTFields disrupted cilia in patient tumors treated ex vivo. Our findings suggest that the efficacy of TTFields may depend on the degree of tumor ciliogenesis and relative timing of TMZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brittany S. Ulm
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julianne C. Mallinger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew R. Sarkisian,
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Yang C, Tian G, Dajac M, Doty A, Wang S, Lee JH, Rahman M, Huang J, Reynolds BA, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell D, Deleyrolle LP. Slow-Cycling Cells in Glioblastoma: A Specific Population in the Cellular Mosaic of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1126. [PMID: 35267434 PMCID: PMC8909138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits populations of cells that drive tumorigenesis, treatment resistance, and disease progression. Cells with such properties have been described to express specific surface and intracellular markers or exhibit specific functional states, including being slow-cycling or quiescent with the ability to generate proliferative progenies. In GBM, each of these cellular fractions was shown to harbor cardinal features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we focus on the comparison of these cells and present evidence of great phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in brain cancer cell populations with stemness properties, especially between slow-cycling cells (SCCs) and cells phenotypically defined based on the expression of markers commonly used to enrich for CSCs. Here, we present an integrative analysis of the heterogeneity present in GBM cancer stem cell populations using a combination of approaches including flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing, and single cell transcriptomics completed with functional assays. We demonstrated that SCCs exhibit a diverse range of expression levels of canonical CSC markers. Importantly, the property of being slow-cycling and the expression of these markers were not mutually inclusive. We interrogated a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset and defined a group of cells as SCCs based on the highest score of a specific metabolic signature. Multiple CSC groups were determined based on the highest expression level of CD133, SOX2, PTPRZ1, ITGB8, or CD44. Each group, composed of 22 cells, showed limited cellular overlap, with SCCs representing a unique population with none of the 22 cells being included in the other groups. We also found transcriptomic distinctions between populations, which correlated with clinicopathological features of GBM. Patients with strong SCC signature score were associated with shorter survival and clustered within the mesenchymal molecular subtype. Cellular diversity amongst these populations was also demonstrated functionally, as illustrated by the heterogenous response to the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. In conclusion, our study supports the cancer stem cell mosaicism model, with slow-cycling cells representing critical elements harboring key features of disseminating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Mariana Dajac
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Andria Doty
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.W.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.W.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Brent A. Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Duane Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.Y.); (G.T.); (M.D.); (M.R.); (J.H.); (B.A.R.); (D.M.)
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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11
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Dastmalchi F, Deleyrolle LP, Karachi A, Mitchell DA, Rahman M. Metabolomics Monitoring of Treatment Response to Brain Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691246. [PMID: 34150663 PMCID: PMC8209463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized care for many solid tissue malignancies, and is being investigated for efficacy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. Identifying a non-invasive monitoring technique such as metabolomics monitoring to predict patient response to immunotherapy has the potential to simplify treatment decision-making and to ensure therapy is tailored based on early patient response. Metabolomic analysis of peripheral immune response is feasible due to large metabolic shifts that immune cells undergo when activated. The utility of this approach is under investigation. In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes induced during activation of an immune response, and the role of metabolic profiling to monitor immune responses in the context of immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors. This review provides original insights into how metabolomics monitoring could have an important impact in the field of tumor immunotherapy if achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Dastmalchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aida Karachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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12
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Rahman M, Sawyer WG, Lindhorst S, Deleyrolle LP, Harrison JK, Karachi A, Dastmalchi F, Flores-Toro J, Mitchell DA, Lim M, Gilbert MR, Reardon DA. Adult immuno-oncology: using past failures to inform the future. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1249-1261. [PMID: 32391559 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In oncology, "immunotherapy" is a broad term encompassing multiple means of utilizing the patient's immune system to combat malignancy. Prominent among these are immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) has had mixed results in early trials. In this context, the past, present, and future of immune oncology for the treatment of GBM was discussed by clinical, research, and thought leaders as well as patient advocates at the first annual Remission Summit in 2019. The goal was to use current knowledge (published and unpublished) to identify possible causes of treatment failures and the best strategies to advance immunotherapy as a treatment modality for patients with GBM. The discussion focuses on past failures, current limitations, failure analyses, and proposed best practices moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - W Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeffrey K Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aida Karachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Farhad Dastmalchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joseph Flores-Toro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael Lim
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A Reardon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Badr CE, Silver DJ, Siebzehnrubl FA, Deleyrolle LP. Metabolic heterogeneity and adaptability in brain tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5101-5119. [PMID: 32506168 PMCID: PMC8272080 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic complexity and flexibility commonly observed in brain tumors, especially glioblastoma, is fundamental for their development and progression. The ability of tumor cells to modify their genetic landscape and adapt metabolically, subverts therapeutic efficacy, and inevitably instigates therapeutic resistance. To overcome these challenges and develop effective therapeutic strategies targeting essential metabolic processes, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity and define metabolic preferences and liabilities of malignant cells. In this review, we will discuss metabolic diversity in brain cancer and highlight the role of cancer stem cells in regulating metabolic heterogeneity. We will also highlight potential therapeutic modalities targeting metabolic vulnerabilities and examine how intercellular metabolic signaling can shape the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Badr
- Neuro-Oncology Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Long Y, Tao H, Karachi A, Grippin AJ, Jin L, Chang YE, Zhang W, Dyson KA, Hou AY, Na M, Deleyrolle LP, Sayour EJ, Rahman M, Mitchell DA, Lin Z, Huang J. Dysregulation of Glutamate Transport Enhances Treg Function That Promotes VEGF Blockade Resistance in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 80:499-509. [PMID: 31723000 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-VEGF therapy prolongs recurrence-free survival in patients with glioblastoma but does not improve overall survival. To address this discrepancy, we investigated immunologic resistance mechanisms to anti-VEGF therapy in glioma models. A screening of immune-associated alterations in tumors after anti-VEGF treatment revealed a dose-dependent upregulation of regulatory T-cell (Treg) signature genes. Enhanced numbers of Tregs were observed in spleens of tumor-bearing mice and later in tumors after anti-VEGF treatment. Elimination of Tregs with CD25 blockade before anti-VEGF treatment restored IFNγ production from CD8+ T cells and improved antitumor response from anti-VEGF therapy. The treated tumors overexpressed the glutamate/cystine antiporter SLC7A11/xCT that led to elevated extracellular glutamate in these tumors. Glutamate promoted Treg proliferation, activation, suppressive function, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlutR1) expression. We propose that VEGF blockade coupled with glioma-derived glutamate induces systemic and intratumoral immunosuppression by promoting Treg overrepresentation and function, which can be pre-emptively overcome through Treg depletion for enhanced antitumor effects. SIGNIFICANCE: Resistance to VEGF therapy in glioblastoma is driven by upregulation of Tregs, combined blockade of VEGF, and Tregs may provide an additive antitumor effect for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haipeng Tao
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aida Karachi
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adam J Grippin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Linchun Jin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yifan Emily Chang
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wang Zhang
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kyle A Dyson
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alicia Y Hou
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Meng Na
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jianping Huang
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Hoang-Minh LB, Siebzehnrubl FA, Yang C, Suzuki-Hatano S, Dajac K, Loche T, Andrews N, Schmoll Massari M, Patel J, Amin K, Vuong A, Jimenez-Pascual A, Kubilis P, Garrett TJ, Moneypenny C, Pacak CA, Huang J, Sayour EJ, Mitchell DA, Sarkisian MR, Reynolds BA, Deleyrolle LP. Infiltrative and drug-resistant slow-cycling cells support metabolic heterogeneity in glioblastoma. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798772. [PMID: 30322894 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been described in rapidly growing tumors, which are thought to mostly contain fast-cycling cells (FCCs) that have impaired mitochondrial function and rely on aerobic glycolysis. Here, we characterize the metabolic landscape of glioblastoma (GBM) and explore metabolic specificities as targetable vulnerabilities. Our studies highlight the metabolic heterogeneity in GBM, in which FCCs harness aerobic glycolysis, and slow-cycling cells (SCCs) preferentially utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for their functions. SCCs display enhanced invasion and chemoresistance, suggesting their important role in tumor recurrence. SCCs also demonstrate increased lipid contents that are specifically metabolized under glucose-deprived conditions. Fatty acid transport in SCCs is targetable by pharmacological inhibition or genomic deletion of FABP7, both of which sensitize SCCs to metabolic stress. Furthermore, FABP7 inhibition, whether alone or in combination with glycolysis inhibition, leads to overall increased survival. Our studies reveal the existence of GBM cell subpopulations with distinct metabolic requirements and suggest that FABP7 is central to lipid metabolism in SCCs and that targeting FABP7-related metabolic pathways is a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Changlin Yang
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle Dajac
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tyler Loche
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Schmoll Massari
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jaimin Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Krisha Amin
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alvin Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Kubilis
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig Moneypenny
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Sayour EJ, Grippin A, Leon GD, Stover B, Rahman M, Karachi A, Wummer B, Moore G, Castillo-Caro P, Fredenburg K, Sarkisian MR, Huang J, Deleyrolle LP, Sahay B, Carrera-Justiz S, Mendez-Gomez HR, Mitchell DA. Personalized Tumor RNA Loaded Lipid-Nanoparticles Prime the Systemic and Intratumoral Milieu for Response to Cancer Immunotherapy. Nano Lett 2018; 18:6195-6206. [PMID: 30259750 PMCID: PMC6597257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Translation of nanoparticles (NPs) into human clinical trials for patients with refractory cancers has lagged due to unknown biologic reactivities of novel NP designs. To overcome these limitations, simple well-characterized mRNA lipid-NPs have been developed as cancer immunotherapeutic vaccines. While the preponderance of RNA lipid-NPs encoding for tumor-associated antigens or neoepitopes have been designed to target lymphoid organs, they remain encumbered by the profound intratumoral and systemic immunosuppression that may stymie an activated T cell response. Herein, we show that systemic localization of untargeted tumor RNA (derived from whole transcriptome) encapsulated in lipid-NPs, with excess positive charge, primes the peripheral and intratumoral milieu for response to immunotherapy. In immunologically resistant tumor models, these RNA-NPs activate the preponderance of systemic and intratumoral myeloid cells (characterized by coexpression of PD-L1 and CD86). Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (to animals primed with RNA-NPs) augments peripheral/intratumoral PD-1+CD8+ cells and mediates synergistic antitumor efficacy in settings where ICIs alone do not confer therapeutic benefit. These synergistic effects are mediated by type I interferon released from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In translational studies, personalized mRNA-NPs were safe and active in a client-owned canine with a spontaneous malignant glioma. In summary, we demonstrate widespread immune activation from tumor loaded RNA-NPs concomitant with inducible PD-L1 expression that can be therapeutically exploited. While immunotherapy remains effective for only a subset of cancer patients, combination therapy with systemic immunomodulating RNA-NPs may broaden its therapeutic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J. Sayour
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Corresponding Author Phone: (352) 273-9000. Fax: (352) 392-8413. .
| | - Adam Grippin
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gabriel De Leon
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian Stover
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Aida Karachi
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brandon Wummer
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ginger Moore
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Paul Castillo-Caro
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kristianna Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sheila Carrera-Justiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hector R. Mendez-Gomez
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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17
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Li Q, Lin H, Rauch J, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA, Viljoen HJ, Zhang C, Zhang C, Gu L, Van Wyk E, Lei Y. Scalable Culturing of Primary Human Glioblastoma Tumor-Initiating Cells with a Cell-Friendly Culture System. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3531. [PMID: 29476107 PMCID: PMC5824878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and deadly brain cancer. There is growing interest to develop drugs that specifically target to glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells (TICs). However, the cost-effective production of large numbers of high quality glioblastoma TICs for drug discovery with current cell culturing technologies remains very challenging. Here, we report a new method that cultures glioblastoma TICs in microscale alginate hydrogel tubes (or AlgTubes). The AlgTubes allowed long-term culturing (~50 days, 10 passages) of glioblastoma TICs with high growth rate (~700-fold expansion/14 days), high cell viability and high volumetric yield (~3.0 × 108 cells/mL) without losing the stem cell properties, all offered large advancements over current culturing methods. This method can be applied for the scalable production of glioblastoma TICs at affordable cost for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jack Rauch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hendrik J Viljoen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Linxia Gu
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. .,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. .,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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18
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Hoang-Minh L, Siebzehnrubl F, Yang C, Dajac K, Andrews N, Schmoll M, Amin K, Vuong A, Jimenez-Pascual A, Huang J, Garrett T, Sayour E, Mitchell D, Sarkisian M, Reynolds BA, Deleyrolle LP. STEM-09. TREATMENT-RESISTANT SLOW-CYCLING CELLS SUPPORT METABOLIC HETEROGENEITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Reynolds BA, Deleyrolle LP. DRES-20. APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES TO MANAGE TUMOR POPULATIONS: ADAPTIVE THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Hoang-Minh LB, Deleyrolle LP, Siebzehnrubl D, Ugartemendia G, Futch H, Griffith B, Breunig JJ, De Leon G, Mitchell DA, Semple-Rowland S, Reynolds BA, Sarkisian MR. Disruption of KIF3A in patient-derived glioblastoma cells: effects on ciliogenesis, hedgehog sensitivity, and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7029-43. [PMID: 26760767 PMCID: PMC4872766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KIF3A, a component of the kinesin-2 motor, is necessary for the progression of diverse tumor types. This is partly due to its role in regulating ciliogenesis and cell responsiveness to sonic hedgehog (SHH). Notably, primary cilia have been detected in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor biopsies and derived cell lines. Here, we asked whether disrupting KIF3A in GBM cells affected ciliogenesis, in vitro growth and responsiveness to SHH, or tumorigenic behavior in vivo. We used a lentiviral vector to create three patient-derived GBM cell lines expressing a dominant negative, motorless form of Kif3a (dnKif3a). In all unmodified lines, we found that most GBM cells were capable of producing ciliated progeny and that dnKif3a expression in these cells ablated ciliogenesis. Interestingly, unmodified and dnKif3a-expressing cell lines displayed differential sensitivities and pathway activation to SHH and variable tumor-associated survival following mouse xenografts. In one cell line, SHH-induced cell proliferation was prevented in vitro by either expressing dnKif3a or inhibiting SMO signaling using cyclopamine, and the survival times of mice implanted with dnKif3a-expressing cells were increased. In a second line, expression of dnKif3a increased the cells' baseline proliferation while, surprisingly, sensitizing them to SHH-induced cell death. The survival times of mice implanted with these dnKif3a-expressing cells were decreased. Finally, expression of dnKif3a in a third cell line had no effect on cell proliferation, SHH sensitivity, or mouse survival times. These findings indicate that KIF3A is essential for GBM cell ciliogenesis, but its role in modulating GBM cell behavior is highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dorit Siebzehnrubl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - George Ugartemendia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hunter Futch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Griffith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua J Breunig
- Cedars-Sinai Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabriel De Leon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan Semple-Rowland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Hoang-Minh LB, Deleyrolle LP, Nakamura NS, Parker AK, Martuscello RT, Reynolds BA, Sarkisian MR. PCM1 Depletion Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Ciliogenesis and Increases Cell Death and Sensitivity to Temozolomide. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:392-402. [PMID: 27661404 PMCID: PMC5035360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the molecules implicated in the growth and survival of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and their response to temozolomide (TMZ), the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent, is necessary for the development of new therapies that would improve the outcome of current GBM treatments. In this study, we characterize the role of pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), a component of centriolar satellites surrounding centrosomes, in GBM cell proliferation and sensitivity to genotoxic agents such as TMZ. We show that PCM1 is expressed around centrioles and ciliary basal bodies in patient GBM biopsies and derived cell lines and that its localization is dynamic throughout the cell cycle. To test whether PCM1 mediates GBM cell proliferation and/or response to TMZ, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate primary GBM cell lines depleted of PCM1. These PCM1-depleted cells displayed reduced AZI1 satellite protein localization and significantly decreased proliferation, which was attributable to increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, PCM1-depleted lines were more sensitive to TMZ toxicity than control lines. The increase in TMZ sensitivity may be partly due to the reduced ability of PCM1-depleted cells to form primary cilia, as depletion of KIF3A also ablated GBM cells' ciliogenesis and increased their sensitivity to TMZ while preserving PCM1 localization. In addition, the co-depletion of KIF3A and PCM1 did not have any additive effect on TMZ sensitivity. Together, our data suggest that PCM1 plays multiple roles in GBM pathogenesis and that associated pathways could be targeted to augment current or future anti-GBM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nariaki S Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander K Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Regina T Martuscello
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Silva-Nichols HB, Rossi AP, Woolf EC, Fairres MJ, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA, Scheck AC. Abstract 1670: Radiosensitization of glioma cells by the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is associated with enhanced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a 5 year survival rate of 25% in children and less than 10% in adults. Improvement in the prognosis of GBM patients requires the development of new therapeutic approaches. One emerging strategy is to target aberrant cell metabolism, a trait shared by virtually all tumor cells. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, low carbohydrate and protein metabolic therapy has been shown to prolong survival in animal glioma models, and when used in conjunction with radiation cured 9 of 11 mice of their implanted tumors. We have also shown that the KD alters hypoxia, angiogenesis, and other hallmarks of glioma progression. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which ketones exert their effects on glioma, we are doing analyses of the effect of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), the most prevalent ketone body synthesized during ketosis, on glioma cells in vitro. We found that βHB both alone and in conjunction with radiation significantly inhibits proliferation of human and mouse glioma cells and human glioma stem cells (GSC). Alterations in passage through the cell cycle may affect proliferation, and cells are also more sensitive to radiation in the G2/M cell cycle phase. We therefore analyzed the effect of βHB on cell cycle distribution of cells treated with βHB and/or radiation. An analysis of cell cycle status by flow cytometry demonstrated that treating the GSC line L0 with 5mM βHB in combination with 4 Gy of radiation significantly increased the number of cells in G2/M cell cycle arrest. In GL261-Luc2 mouse glioma cells, 5mM βHB alone significantly enhanced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which could lead to radiosensitization. Currently we are analyzing proteins involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis to better understand βHB mediated changes in growth and radioresistance. In summary, these data provide insight to the radiosensitization and anti-proliferative mechanisms of βHB and may hold implications for the use of the KD in the treatment of GBM.
Citation Format: Helena B. Silva-Nichols, Alex P. Rossi, Eric C. Woolf, Marshall J. Fairres, Loic P. Deleyrolle, Brent A. Reynolds, Adrienne C. Scheck. Radiosensitization of glioma cells by the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is associated with enhanced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1670.
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Fortin JM, Azari H, Zheng T, Darioosh RP, Schmoll ME, Vedam-Mai V, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA. Transplantation of Defined Populations of Differentiated Human Neural Stem Cell Progeny. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23579. [PMID: 27030542 PMCID: PMC4814839 DOI: 10.1038/srep23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurological injuries are likely too extensive for the limited repair capacity of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs). An alternative is to isolate NSCs from a donor, and expand them in vitro as transplantation material. Numerous groups have already transplanted neural stem and precursor cells. A caveat to this approach is the undefined phenotypic distribution of the donor cells, which has three principle drawbacks: (1) Stem-like cells retain the capacity to proliferate in vivo. (2) There is little control over the cells’ terminal differentiation, e.g., a graft intended to replace neurons might choose a predominantly glial fate. (3) There is limited ability of researchers to alter the combination of cell types in pursuit of a precise treatment. We demonstrate a procedure for differentiating human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) in vitro, followed by isolation of the neuronal progeny. We transplanted undifferentiated hNPCs or a defined concentration of hNPC-derived neurons into mice, then compared these two groups with regard to their survival, proliferation and phenotypic fate. We present evidence suggesting that in vitro-differentiated-and-purified neurons survive as well in vivo as their undifferentiated progenitors, and undergo less proliferation and less astrocytic differentiation. We also describe techniques for optimizing low-temperature cell preservation and portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M Fortin
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA.,Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences &Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Roya P Darioosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Michael E Schmoll
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M Fortin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Preston A. Wells, Jr. for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Preston A. Wells, Jr. for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Martuscello RT, Vedam-Mai V, McCarthy DJ, Schmoll ME, Jundi MA, Louviere CD, Griffith BG, Skinner CL, Suslov O, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA. A Supplemented High-Fat Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2482-95. [PMID: 26631612 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated energetics coupled with uncontrolled proliferation has become a hallmark of cancer, leading to increased interest in metabolic therapies. Glioblastoma (GB) is highly malignant, very metabolically active, and typically resistant to current therapies. Dietary treatment options based on glucose deprivation have been explored using a restrictive ketogenic diet (KD), with positive anticancer reports. However, negative side effects and a lack of palatability make the KD difficult to implement in an adult population. Hence, we developed a less stringent, supplemented high-fat low-carbohydrate (sHFLC) diet that mimics the metabolic and antitumor effects of the KD, maintains a stable nutritional profile, and presents an alternative clinical option for diverse patient populations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The dietary paradigm was tested in vitro and in vivo, utilizing multiple patient-derived gliomasphere lines. Cellular proliferation, clonogenic frequency, and tumor stem cell population effects were determined in vitro using the neurosphere assay (NSA). Antitumor efficacy was tested in vivo in preclinical xenograft models and mechanistic regulation via the mTOR pathway was explored. RESULTS Reducing glucose in vitro to physiologic levels, coupled with ketone supplementation, inhibits proliferation of GB cells and reduces tumor stem cell expansion. In vivo, while maintaining animal health, the sHFLC diet significantly reduces the growth of tumor cells in a subcutaneous model of tumor progression and increases survival in an orthotopic xenograft model. Dietary-mediated anticancer effects correlate with the reduction of mTOR effector expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the sHFLC diet is a viable treatment alternative to the KD, and should be considered for clinical testing. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2482-95. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Center for Movement Disorders and Neuro-restoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David J McCarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael E Schmoll
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Musa A Jundi
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher D Louviere
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Benjamin G Griffith
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Colby L Skinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Oleg Suslov
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Silva-Nichols HB, Woolf EC, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA, Scheck AC. ATPS-77THE KETONE BODY ß-HYDROXYBUTYRATE RADIOSENSITIZES GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME STEM CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov204.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hitomi M, Deleyrolle LP, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Jarrar A, Li M, Sinyuk M, Otvos B, Brunet S, Flavahan WA, Hubert CG, Goan W, Hale JS, Alvarado AG, Zhang A, Rohaus M, Oli M, Vedam-Mai V, Fortin JM, Futch HS, Griffith B, Wu Q, Xia CH, Gong X, Ahluwalia MS, Rich JN, Reynolds BA, Lathia JD. Differential connexin function enhances self-renewal in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1031-42. [PMID: 25959821 PMCID: PMC4502443 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of complex tumor processes requires cells to rapidly modify their phenotype and is achieved by direct cell-cell communication through gap junction channels composed of connexins. Previous reports have suggested that gap junctions are tumor suppressive based on connexin 43 (Cx43), but this does not take into account differences in connexin-mediated ion selectivity and intercellular communication rate that drive gap junction diversity. We find that glioblastoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess functional gap junctions that can be targeted using clinically relevant compounds to reduce self-renewal and tumor growth. Our analysis reveals that CSCs express Cx46, while Cx43 is predominantly expressed in non-CSCs. During differentiation, Cx46 is reduced, while Cx43 is increased, and targeting Cx46 compromises CSC maintenance. The difference between Cx46 and Cx43 is reflected in elevated cell-cell communication and reduced resting membrane potential in CSCs. Our data demonstrate a pro-tumorigenic role for gap junctions that is dependent on connexin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hitomi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA; Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Awad Jarrar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Meizhang Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Balint Otvos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Sylvain Brunet
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - William A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Winston Goan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA; Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Mark Rohaus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Muna Oli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Jeff M Fortin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Hunter S Futch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Benjamin Griffith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA
| | - Chun-Hong Xia
- Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0261, USA.
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44915, USA; Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Heldermon CD, Griffith BG, Bloom M, Owen J, Martuscello RJ, Schwartz Y, Reynolds BA, Deleyrolle LP. Abstract P5-15-10: A combination natural product therapy attenuates common side effects associated with chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p5-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The taxanes and platinum agents provide substantial improvement in the treatment of breast and other cancers. Neuropathy is often the dose limiting toxicity of these agents and can devastatingly affect the patient due to diminished fine motor skills and pain in the hands and feet that diminishes the ability to exercise and interact in normal life. Clinically significant neuropathy occurs in 40% of patients and >10% will persist past a year causing permanent effects on quality of life. Perhaps more devastating, patients often have to discontinue effective treatment due to the development of these symptoms.
Additionally, anemia contributes to dose reductions and delays that compromise therapy and cause significant fatigue that diminishes quality of life.
Interventions that could reduce these symptoms would provide a substantial improvement in the ability to care for these patients. Toward this end we have developed a non-toxic dietary approach that incorporates supplementation with several natural products. Together, this therapeutic approach, called CS.001 is able to alleviate many of the negative side effects of breast cancer chemotherapy.
Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with Paclitaxel weekly or Oxaliplatin three times weekly. Animals were tested for neuropathic pain using a cold sensitivity test [acetone test] and sensitivity to mechanical stimulus [Von Frey Test]. A CBC and CMP were performed to assess systemic toxicity. Animals were provided with a nutritional complete diet that limited their carbohydrates to 10% of total caloric input and were additionally supplemented with the following natural products: [1] Medium chain triglycerides [30g/kg], [2] Curcumin [1200mg/kg], [3]EGCG [1200mg/kg] and [4]broccoli sprout powder [20g/kg]. Animals were placed on the CS.001 diet 1 week before beginning chemotherapy.
Results: Paclitaxel & Oxaliplatin treatment resulted in a statistically significantly increase in sensitivity to cold stimulus [Acetone test, p<0.001] that was reduced to control levels in the CS.001 treated animals. Mechanosensitivity was increased with Oxaliplatin & reduced with Paclitaxel treatment, and addition of CS.001 resulted in a statistically significant attenuation of the chemotherapy treatment [Paclitaxel vs Paclitaxel+CS.001, p<0.005 & Oxaliplatin vs Oxaliplatin+CS.001, p<0.05]. Additionally, reductions in RBC, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit with Oxaliplatin treatment [p<0.001] were significantly attenuated [p<0.05] with CS.001 treatment.
Conclusion: Dietary intervention combined with a supplementation of 4 natural products was able to attenuate chemotherapy induced anemia and neuropathy following chemotherapy treatment in mice. This combination is a promising quality of life intervention to evaluate in cancer patients receiving taxanes or platinums.
Citation Format: Coy D Heldermon, Ben G Griffith, Matt Bloom, Jennifer Owen, Regina J Martuscello, Yosef Schwartz, Brent A Reynolds, Loic P Deleyrolle. A combination natural product therapy attenuates common side effects associated with chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben G Griffith
- 2University of Florida
- 3Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine
| | | | - Jennifer Owen
- 4College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida
| | - Regina J Martuscello
- 2University of Florida
- 3Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine
| | - Yosef Schwartz
- 2University of Florida
- 3Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- 2University of Florida
- 3Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- 2University of Florida
- 3Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine
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Wong SY, Ulrich TA, Deleyrolle LP, MacKay JL, Lin JMG, Martuscello RT, Jundi MA, Reynolds BA, Kumar S. Constitutive activation of myosin-dependent contractility sensitizes glioma tumor-initiating cells to mechanical inputs and reduces tissue invasion. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1113-22. [PMID: 25634210 PMCID: PMC4359960 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) perpetuate tumor growth, enable therapeutic resistance, and drive initiation of successive tumors. Virtually nothing is known about the role of mechanotransductive signaling in controlling TIC tumorigenesis, despite the recognized importance of altered mechanics in tissue dysplasia and the common observation that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness strongly regulates cell behavior. To address this open question, we cultured primary human glioblastoma (GBM) TICs on laminin-functionalized ECMs spanning a range of stiffnesses. Surprisingly, we found that these cells were largely insensitive to ECM stiffness cues, evading the inhibition of spreading, migration, and proliferation typically imposed by compliant ECMs. We hypothesized that this insensitivity may result from insufficient generation of myosin-dependent contractile force. Indeed, we found that both pharmacologic and genetic activation of cell contractility through RhoA GTPase, Rho-associated kinase, or myosin light chain kinase restored stiffness-dependent spreading and motility, with TICs adopting the expected rounded and nonmotile phenotype on soft ECMs. Moreover, constitutive activation of RhoA restricted three-dimensional invasion in both spheroid implantation and Transwell paradigms. Orthotopic xenotransplantation studies revealed that control TICs formed tumors with classical GBM histopathology including diffuse infiltration and secondary foci, whereas TICs expressing a constitutively active mutant of RhoA produced circumscribed masses and yielded a 30% enhancement in mean survival time. This is the first direct evidence that manipulation of mechanotransductive signaling can alter the tumor-initiating capacity of GBM TICs, supporting further exploration of these signals as potential therapeutic targets and predictors of tumor-initiating capacity within heterogeneous tumor cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Y Wong
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Theresa A Ulrich
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joanna L MacKay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Jung-Ming G Lin
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Musa A Jundi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
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Marshall GP, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA, Steindler DA, Laywell ED. Microglia from neurogenic and non-neurogenic regions display differential proliferative potential and neuroblast support. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:180. [PMID: 25076873 PMCID: PMC4100441 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia isolated from the neurogenic subependymal zone (SEZ) and hippocampus (HC) are capable of massive in vitro population expansion that is not possible with microglia isolated from non-neurogenic regions. We asked if this regional heterogeneity in microglial proliferative capacity is cell intrinsic, or is conferred by interaction with respective neurogenic or non-neurogenic niches. By combining SEZ and cerebral cortex (CTX) primary tissue dissociates to generate heterospatial cultures, we find that exposure to the SEZ environment does not enhance CTX microglia expansion; however, the CTX environment exerts a suppressive effect on SEZ microglia expansion. Furthermore, addition of purified donor SEZ microglia to either CTX- or SEZ-derived cultures suppresses the expansion of host microglia, while the addition of donor CTX microglia enhances the over-all microglia yield. These data suggest that SEZ and CTX microglia possess intrinsic, spatially restricted characteristics that are independent of their in vitro environment, and that they represent unique and functionally distinct populations. Finally, we determined that the repeated supplementation of neurogenic SEZ cultures with expanded SEZ microglia allows for sustained levels of inducible neurogenesis, provided that the ratio of microglia to total cells remains within a fairly narrow range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Marshall
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis A Steindler
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric D Laywell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
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31
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Nabilsi NH, Deleyrolle LP, Darst RP, Riva A, Reynolds BA, Kladde MP. Multiplex mapping of chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation within targeted single molecules identifies epigenetic heterogeneity in neural stem cells and glioblastoma. Genome Res 2013; 24:329-39. [PMID: 24105770 PMCID: PMC3912423 DOI: 10.1101/gr.161737.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human tumors are comprised of heterogeneous cell populations that display diverse molecular and phenotypic features. To examine the extent to which epigenetic differences contribute to intratumoral cellular heterogeneity, we have developed a high-throughput method, termed MAPit-patch. The method uses multiplexed amplification of targeted sequences from submicrogram quantities of genomic DNA followed by next generation bisulfite sequencing. This provides highly scalable and simultaneous mapping of chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation on single molecules at high resolution. Long sequencing reads from targeted regions maintain the structural integrity of epigenetic information and provide substantial depth of coverage, detecting for the first time minority subpopulations of epigenetic configurations formerly obscured by existing genome-wide and population-ensemble methodologies. Analyzing a cohort of 71 promoters of genes with exons commonly mutated in cancer, MAPit-patch uncovered several differentially accessible and methylated promoters that are associated with altered gene expression between neural stem cell (NSC) and glioblastoma (GBM) cell populations. In addition, considering each promoter individually, substantial epigenetic heterogeneity was observed across the sequenced molecules, indicating the presence of epigenetically distinct cellular subpopulations. At the divergent MLH1/EPM2AIP1 promoter, a locus with three well-defined, nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs), a fraction of promoter copies with inaccessible chromatin was detected and enriched upon selection of temozolomide-tolerant GBM cells. These results illustrate the biological relevance of epigenetically distinct subpopulations that in part underlie the phenotypic heterogeneity of tumor cell populations. Furthermore, these findings show that alterations in chromatin accessibility without accompanying changes in DNA methylation may constitute a novel class of epigenetic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H Nabilsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Siebzehnrubl FA, Silver DJ, Tugertimur B, Deleyrolle LP, Siebzehnrubl D, Sarkisian MR, Devers KG, Yachnis AT, Kupper MD, Neal D, Nabilsi NH, Kladde MP, Suslov O, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Reynolds BA, Steindler DA. The ZEB1 pathway links glioblastoma initiation, invasion and chemoresistance. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1196-212. [PMID: 23818228 PMCID: PMC3944461 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains one of the most lethal types of cancer, and is the most common brain tumour in adults. In particular, tumour recurrence after surgical resection and radiation invariably occurs regardless of aggressive chemotherapy. Here, we provide evidence that the transcription factor ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1) exerts simultaneous influence over invasion, chemoresistance and tumourigenesis in glioblastoma. ZEB1 is preferentially expressed in invasive glioblastoma cells, where the ZEB1-miR-200 feedback loop interconnects these processes through the downstream effectors ROBO1, c-MYB and MGMT. Moreover, ZEB1 expression in glioblastoma patients is predictive of shorter survival and poor Temozolomide response. Our findings indicate that this regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition orchestrates key features of cancer stem cells in malignant glioma and identify ROBO1, OLIG2, CD133 and MGMT as novel targets of the ZEB1 pathway. Thus, ZEB1 is an important candidate molecule for glioblastoma recurrence, a marker of invasive tumour cells and a potential therapeutic target, along with its downstream effectors.
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Siebzehnrubl FA, Silver DJ, Tugertimur B, Deleyrolle LP, Siebzehnrubl D, Sarkisian MR, Devers KG, Yachnis AT, Kupper MD, Neal D, Nabilsi NH, Kladde MP, Suslov O, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Reynolds BA, Steindler DA. Abstract 4906: ZEB1 maintains self-renewal, invasion and chemoresistance of glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite intense efforts in basic research and clinical medicine, glioblastoma remains one of the most lethal types of cancer. In particular, tumor recurrence after surgical resection, targeted radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy remains an insurmountable obstacle. Recurrence has been attributed to residual cancer cells that re-initiate tumor growth after primary clinical intervention. Hierarchical attribution of this capacity for tumor (re-)initiation to a specific cellular subpopulation is one of the hallmarks of the cancer stem cell hypothesis. In cancers outside the CNS, a considerable overlap between cancer stem cell phenotypes and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) has been found. EMT is frequently associated with distant spreading and the generation of secondary tumors. Tumor cells undergoing EMT have a higher propensity for invasion and therapy resistance, as well as greater stemness potential. Transcription factors regulating EMT, including ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1), have been found to regulate typical stem cell-associated genes. We therefore tested whether the EMT-associated transcription factor ZEB1 may coordinate mechanisms of invasion, therapy resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma.
ZEB1 is preferentially expressed at the tumor invasion front, and its knockdown results in a dramatic reduction of tumorigenicity, invasion and increased sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide (Temodar®, TMZ). We found that ZEB1 indirectly controls expression of the chemoresistance-mediating enzyme MGMT (O-6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase), as well as cell-cell adhesion and stemness pathways, thus linking chemoresistance and invasion in brain cancer stem cells.
Moreover, ZEB1 expression in glioblastoma patients is predictive of shorter survival and poor TMZ response. These results indicate that invasive glioblastoma cells are particularly sheltered from current therapeutic approaches, rendering them likely candidates for tumor recurrence. This offers a potential novel model for GBM recurrence, and a potential therapeutic target.
Citation Format: Florian A. Siebzehnrubl, Daniel J. Silver, Bugra Tugertimur, Loic P. Deleyrolle, Dorit Siebzehnrubl, Matthew R. Sarkisian, Kelly G. Devers, Antony T. Yachnis, Marius D. Kupper, Daniel Neal, Nancy H. Nabilsi, Michael P. Kladde, Oleg Suslov, Simone Brabletz, Thomas Brabletz, Brent A. Reynolds, Dennis A. Steindler. ZEB1 maintains self-renewal, invasion and chemoresistance of glioblastoma stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4906. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4906
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Neal
- 1Univ Florida McnKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Oleg Suslov
- 1Univ Florida McnKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL
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Deleyrolle LP, Rohaus MR, Fortin JM, Reynolds BA, Azari H. Identification and isolation of slow-dividing cells in human glioblastoma using carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE). J Vis Exp 2012:3918. [PMID: 22565048 DOI: 10.3791/3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity represents a fundamental feature supporting tumor robustness and presents a central obstacle to the development of therapeutic strategies(1). To overcome the issue of tumor heterogeneity, it is essential to develop assays and tools enabling phenotypic, (epi)genetic and functional identification and characterization of tumor subpopulations that drive specific disease pathologies and represent clinically relevant targets. It is now well established that tumors exhibit distinct sub-fractions of cells with different frequencies of cell division, and that the functional criteria of being slow cycling is positively associated with tumor formation ability in several cancers including those of the brain, breast, skin and pancreas as well as leukemia(2-8). The fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) has been used for tracking the division frequency of cells in vitro and in vivo in blood-borne tumors and solid tumors such as glioblastoma(2,7,8). The cell-permeant non-fluorescent pro-drug of CFSE is converted by intracellular esterases into a fluorescent compound, which is retained within cells by covalently binding to proteins through reaction of its succinimidyl moiety with intracellular amine groups to form stable amide bonds(9). The fluorescent dye is equally distributed between daughter cells upon divisions, leading to the halving of the fluorescence intensity with every cell division. This enables tracking of cell cycle frequency up to eight to ten rounds of division(10). CFSE retention capacity was used with brain tumor cells to identify and isolate a slow cycling subpopulation (top 5% dye-retaining cells) demonstrated to be enriched in cancer stem cell activity(2). This protocol describes the technique of staining cells with CFSE and the isolation of individual populations within a culture of human glioblastoma (GBM)-derived cells possessing differing division rates using flow cytometry(2). The technique has served to identify and isolate a brain tumor slow-cycling population of cells by virtue of their ability to retain the CFSE labeling.
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Azari H, Millette S, Ansari S, Rahman M, Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA. Isolation and expansion of human glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells using the neurosphere assay. J Vis Exp 2011:e3633. [PMID: 22064695 DOI: 10.3791/3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-like cells have been isolated in tumors such as breast, lung, colon, prostate and brain. A critical issue in all these tumors, especially in glioblastoma mutliforme (GBM), is to identify and isolate tumor initiating cell population(s) to investigate their role in tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. Understanding tumor initiating cell populations will provide clues to finding effective therapeutic approaches for these tumors. The neurosphere assay (NSA) due to its simplicity and reproducibility has been used as the method of choice for isolation and propagation of many of this tumor cells. This protocol demonstrates the neurosphere culture method to isolate and expand stem-like cells in surgically resected human GBM tumor tissue. The procedures include an initial chemical digestion and mechanical dissociation of tumor tissue, and subsequently plating the resulting single cell suspension in NSA culture. After 7-10 days, primary neurospheres of 150-200 μm in diameter can be observed and are ready for further passaging and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, USA.
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36
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Fotovati A, Abu-Ali S, Wang PS, Deleyrolle LP, Lee C, Triscott J, Chen JY, Franciosi S, Nakamura Y, Sugita Y, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Leavitt BR, Singh SK, Jury A, Jones C, Wakimoto H, Reynolds BA, Pallen CJ, Dunn SE. YB-1 bridges neural stem cells and brain tumor-initiating cells via its roles in differentiation and cell growth. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5569-78. [PMID: 21730024 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is upregulated in many human malignancies including glioblastoma (GBM). It is also essential for normal brain development, suggesting that YB-1 is part of a neural stem cell (NSC) network. Here, we show that YB-1 was highly expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mouse fetal brain tissues but not in terminally differentiated primary astrocytes. Conversely, YB-1 knockout mice had reduced Sox-2, nestin, and musashi-1 expression in the SVZ. Although primary murine neurospheres were rich in YB-1, its expression was lost during glial differentiation. Glial tumors often express NSC markers and tend to loose the cellular control that governs differentiation; therefore, we addressed whether YB-1 served a similar role in cancer cells. YB-1, Sox-2, musashi-1, Bmi-1, and nestin are coordinately expressed in SF188 cells and 9/9 GBM patient-derived primary brain tumor-initiating cells (BTIC). Silencing YB-1 with siRNA attenuated the expression of these NSC markers, reduced neurosphere growth, and triggered differentiation via coordinate loss of GSK3-β. Furthermore, differentiation of BTIC with 1% serum or bone morphogenetic protein-4 suppressed YB-1 protein expression. Likewise, YB-1 expression was lost during differentiation of normal human NSCs. Consistent with these observations, YB-1 expression increased with tumor grade (n = 49 cases). YB-1 was also coexpressed with Bmi-1 (Spearmans 0.80, P > 0.001) and Sox-2 (Spearmans 0.66, P > 0.001) based on the analysis of 282 cases of high-grade gliomas. These proteins were highly expressed in 10/15 (67%) of GBM patients that subsequently relapsed. In conclusion, YB-1 correlatively expresses with NSC markers where it functions to promote cell growth and inhibit differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Fotovati
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Azari H, Osborne GW, Yasuda T, Golmohammadi MG, Rahman M, Deleyrolle LP, Esfandiari E, Adams DJ, Scheffler B, Steindler DA, Reynolds BA. Purification of immature neuronal cells from neural stem cell progeny. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20941. [PMID: 21687800 PMCID: PMC3109004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities make neural stem cells (NSCs) a promising renewable source of cells for therapeutic applications. However, the practical application for neuronal cell replacement is limited by heterogeneity of NSC progeny, relatively low yield of neurons, predominance of astrocytes, poor survival of donor cells following transplantation and the potential for uncontrolled proliferation of precursor cells. To address these impediments, we have developed a method for the generation of highly enriched immature neurons from murine NSC progeny. Adaptation of the standard differentiation procedure in concert with flow cytometry selection, using scattered light and positive fluorescent light selection based on cell surface antibody binding, provided a near pure (97%) immature neuron population. Using the purified neurons, we screened a panel of growth factors and found that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) demonstrated a strong survival effect on the cells in vitro, and enhanced their functional maturity. This effect was maintained following transplantation into the adult mouse striatum where we observed a 2-fold increase in the survival of the implanted cells and a 3-fold increase in NeuN expression. Additionally, based on the neural-colony forming cell assay (N-CFCA), we noted a 64 fold reduction of the bona fide NSC frequency in neuronal cell population and that implanted donor cells showed no signs of excessive or uncontrolled proliferation. The ability to provide defined neural cell populations from renewable sources such as NSC may find application for cell replacement therapies in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W. Osborne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Takahiro Yasuda
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad G. Golmohammadi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - David J. Adams
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bjorn Scheffler
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis A. Steindler
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brent A. Reynolds
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deleyrolle LP, Harding A, Cato K, Siebzehnrubl FA, Rahman M, Azari H, Olson S, Gabrielli B, Osborne G, Vescovi A, Reynolds BA. Evidence for label-retaining tumour-initiating cells in human glioblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:1331-43. [PMID: 21515906 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individual tumour cells display diverse functional behaviours in terms of proliferation rate, cell-cell interactions, metastatic potential and sensitivity to therapy. Moreover, sequencing studies have demonstrated surprising levels of genetic diversity between individual patient tumours of the same type. Tumour heterogeneity presents a significant therapeutic challenge as diverse cell types within a tumour can respond differently to therapies, and inter-patient heterogeneity may prevent the development of general treatments for cancer. One strategy that may help overcome tumour heterogeneity is the identification of tumour sub-populations that drive specific disease pathologies for the development of therapies targeting these clinically relevant sub-populations. Here, we have identified a dye-retaining brain tumour population that displays all the hallmarks of a tumour-initiating sub-population. Using a limiting dilution transplantation assay in immunocompromised mice, label-retaining brain tumour cells display elevated tumour-initiation properties relative to the bulk population. Importantly, tumours generated from these label-retaining cells exhibit all the pathological features of the primary disease. Together, these findings confirm dye-retaining brain tumour cells exhibit tumour-initiation ability and are therefore viable targets for the development of therapeutics targeting this sub-population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic P Deleyrolle
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Siebzehnrubl FA, Silver DJ, Deleyrolle LP, Suslov O, Tugertimur B, Yachnis AT, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Reynolds BA, Steindler DA. Abstract 3317: Single-cell invasion and chemoresistance of slowly proliferating brain-tumor stem cells. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite intense efforts in basic research and clinical medicine, glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal types of cancer. In particular, tumor recurrence after surgical resection, aggressive chemotherapy, and targeted radiation remains an insurmountable obstacle. Recurrence may be attributed to residual cancer stem cells that re-initiate tumor growth after primary clinical intervention. Here, we provide new evidence for a subpopulation of relatively quiescent and chemoresistant cancer stem cells that invade deeply into the parenchyma. We have identified a critical transcription factor that is upregulated in these glioma stem cells, which regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in other tumors. Knockdown of this transcription factor results in an increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and reduced tumor cell invasion. We hypothesize that single cell invasion of malignant gliomas is regulated by similar molecular pathways as EMT and metastasis in solid tissue tumors. These pathways allow slowly proliferating glioma stem cells to leave the site of the primary tumor, invade deeply into the surrounding parenchyma and, by virtue of their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, evade all types of classical brain tumor therapy. This offers a potential novel model for GBM recurrence, and a potential new therapeutic target.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3317. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3317
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oleg Suslov
- 1Univ Florida McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL
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40
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Deleyrolle LP, Ericksson G, Morrison BJ, Lopez JA, Burrage K, Burrage P, Vescovi A, Rietze RL, Reynolds BA. Determination of somatic and cancer stem cell self-renewing symmetric division rate using sphere assays. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15844. [PMID: 21246056 PMCID: PMC3016423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Representing a renewable source for cell replacement, neural stem cells have received substantial attention in recent years. The neurosphere assay represents a method to detect the presence of neural stem cells, however owing to a deficiency of specific and definitive markers to identify them, their quantification and the rate they expand is still indefinite. Here we propose a mathematical interpretation of the neurosphere assay allowing actual measurement of neural stem cell symmetric division frequency. The algorithm of the modeling demonstrates a direct correlation between the overall cell fold expansion over time measured in the sphere assay and the rate stem cells expand via symmetric division. The model offers a methodology to evaluate specifically the effect of diseases and treatments on neural stem cell activity and function. Not only providing new insights in the evaluation of the kinetic features of neural stem cells, our modeling further contemplates cancer biology as cancer stem-like cells have been suggested to maintain tumor growth as somatic stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis. Indeed, tumor stem cell's resistance to therapy makes these cells a necessary target for effective treatment. The neurosphere assay mathematical model presented here allows the assessment of the rate malignant stem-like cells expand via symmetric division and the evaluation of the effects of therapeutics on the self-renewal and proliferative activity of this clinically relevant population that drive tumor growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic P. Deleyrolle
- McKnight Brain Institute, Neurosurgery department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (LPD); (BAR)
| | - Geoffery Ericksson
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian J. Morrison
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J. Alejandro Lopez
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Burrage
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Burrage
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rodney L. Rietze
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pfizer Regenerative Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brent A. Reynolds
- McKnight Brain Institute, Neurosurgery department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (LPD); (BAR)
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Abstract
It has been thought for a long time that the adult brain is incapable of generating new neurons, or that neurons cannot be added to its complex circuitry. However, recent technology has resulted in an explosion of research demonstrating that neurogenesis, or the birth of new neurons from adult stem cells constitutively occurs in two specific regions of the mammalian brain; namely the subventricular zone and hippocampal dentate gyrus. Adult CNS stem cells exhibit three main characteristics: (1) they are "self-renewing," i.e., they possess a theoretically unlimited ability to produce progeny indistinguishable from themselves, (2) they are proliferative (undergoing mitosis) and (3) they are multipotent for the different neuroectodermal lineages of the CNS, including the different neuronal, and glial subtypes. CNS stem cells and all progenitor cell types are broadly termed "precursors." In this chapter, we describe methods to identify, isolate and experimentally manipulate stem cells of the adult brain. We outline how to prepare a precursor cell culture from naive brain tissue and how to test the "stemness" potential of different cell types present in that culture, which is achieved in a three-step paradigm. Following their isolation, stem/progenitor cells are expanded in neurosphere culture. Single cells obtained from these neurospheres are sorted for the expression of surface markers by flow cytometry. Finally, putative stem cells from cell sorting will be subjected to the so-called neural colony-forming cell assay, which allows discrimination between stem and progenitor cells. At the end of this chapter we will also describe how to identify neural stem cells in vivo.
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42
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Abstract
The discovery of stem cells in the adult central nervous system implied the potential for endogenous repair and exogenous cell-based therapeutics. The development of experimental protocols, like the neurosphere assay and the neural-colony forming cell assay, enable the accurate and meaningful investigation of neural stem cell properties and allow the exploration of mechanisms related to the role of neural stem cells in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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43
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the fundamental features of the neurosphere assay (NSA), which was initially described in 1992, and has since been used not only to detect the presence of stem cells in embryonic and adult mammalian neural tissues, but also to study their characteristics in vitro. Implicit in this review is a detailed examination of the limitations of the NSA, and how this assay is most accurately and appropriately used. Finally we will point out criteria that should be challenged to design alternative ways to overcome the limits of this assay. METHODS NSA is used to isolate putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the central nervous system (CNS) and to demonstrate the critical stem cell attributes of proliferation, extensive self-renewal and the ability to give rise to a large number of differentiated and functional progeny. Nevertheless, the capability of neural progenitor cells to form neurospheres precludes its utilisation to accurately quantify bona fide stem cell frequency based simply on neurosphere numbers. New culture conditions are needed to be able to distinguish the activity of progenitor cells from stem cells. CONCLUSION A commonly used, and arguably misused, methodology, the NSA has provided a wealth of information on precursor activity of cells derived from the embryonic through to the aged CNS. Importantly, the NSA has contributed to the demise of the 'no new neurogenesis' dogma, and the beginning of a new era of CNS regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, the interpretations arising from the utilisation of the NSA need to take into consideration its limits, so as not to be used beyond its specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic P Deleyrolle
- 1Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney L Rietze
- 1Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- 1Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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