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Margaritte-Jeannin P, Babron MC, Laprise C, Lavielle N, Sarnowski C, Brossard M, Moffatt M, Gagné-Ouellet V, Etcheto A, Lathrop M, Just J, Cookson WO, Bouzigon E, Demenais F, Dizier MH. The COL5A3 and MMP9 genes interact in eczema susceptibility. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 48:297-305. [PMID: 29168291 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies of eczema have identified many genes, which explain only 14% of the heritability. Missing heritability may be partly due to ignored gene-gene (G-G) interactions. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to detect new interacting genes involved in eczema. METHODS The search for G-G interaction in eczema was conducted using a two-step approach, which included as a first step, a biological selection of genes, which are involved either in the skin or epidermis development or in the collagen metabolism, and as a second step, an interaction analysis of the selected genes. Analyses were carried out at both SNP and gene levels in three asthma-ascertained family samples: the discovery dataset of 388 EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma) families and the two replication datasets of 253 SLSJ (Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean) families and 207 MRCA (Medical Research Council) families. RESULTS One pair of SNPs, rs2287807 in COL5A3 and rs17576 in MMP9, that were detected in EGEA at P ≤ 10-5 showed significant interaction by meta-analysis of EGEA, SLSJ and MRCA samples (P = 1.1 × 10-8 under the significant threshold of 10-7 ). Gene-based analysis confirmed strong interaction between COL5A3 and MMP9 (P = 4 × 10-8 under the significant threshold of 4 × 10-6 ) by meta-analysis of the three datasets. When stratifying the data on asthma, this interaction remained in both groups of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. CONCLUSION This study identified significant interaction between two new genes, COL5A3 and MMP9, which may be accounted for by a degradation of COL5A3 by MMP9 influencing eczema susceptibility. Further confirmation of this interaction as well as functional studies is needed to better understand the role of these genes in eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Margaritte-Jeannin
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M-C Babron
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Laprise
- Université du Québec, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - N Lavielle
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Sarnowski
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Brossard
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Moffatt
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - A Etcheto
- Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM U1153, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - M Lathrop
- Mc Gill University and Genome Quebec's Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - J Just
- Service d'Allergologie Pédiatrique, Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau-UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - W O Cookson
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Bouzigon
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - F Demenais
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M-H Dizier
- Inserm, UMR-946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases unit, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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2
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Defurne M, Jiménez-Argüello AM, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Allada K, Aniol KA, Bellini V, Benali M, Boeglin W, Bertin P, Brossard M, Camsonne A, Canan M, Chandavar S, Chen C, Chen JP, de Jager CW, de Leo R, Desnault C, Deur A, El Fassi L, Ent R, Flay D, Friend M, Fuchey E, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Giusa A, Glamazdin O, Golge S, Gomez J, Hansen O, Higinbotham D, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang J, Huang M, Hyde CE, Iqbal S, Itard F, Kang H, Kelleher A, Keppel C, Koirala S, Korover I, LeRose JJ, Lindgren R, Long E, Magne M, Mammei J, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Mazouz M, Meddi F, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Nuruzzaman N, Paremuzyan R, Puckett A, Punjabi V, Qiang Y, Rakhman A, Rashad MNH, Riordan S, Roche J, Russo G, Sabatié F, Saenboonruang K, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Selvy L, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Solvignon P, Sperduto ML, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Sutera C, Tobias WA, Urciuoli GM, Wang D, Wojtsekhowski B, Yao H, Ye Z, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Zheng X, Zhu P. A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1408. [PMID: 29123117 PMCID: PMC5680334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)-a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Defurne
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - A Martí Jiménez-Argüello
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
- Facultad de Física, Universidad de Valencia, Carrer del Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Z Ahmed
- Syracuse University, 900 South Crouse Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Engineering Complex, 700 University Blvd, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - K A Aniol
- California State University, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - V Bellini
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - M Benali
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - P Bertin
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - M Brossard
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - M Canan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - S Chandavar
- Ohio University, 123 University Terrace, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - C Chen
- Hampton University, 100 E Queen St, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - R de Leo
- Università di Bari, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - C Desnault
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 7 College Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - D Flay
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - M Friend
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
- University of Connecticut, 2390 Alumni Drive, Unit 3206, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - S Frullani
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - F Garibaldi
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - A Giusa
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Akademichna St, 1, Kharkov, Kharkiv Oblast, 61000, Ukraine
| | - S Golge
- North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - J Gomez
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - D Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Longwood University, 201 High St, Farmville, VA, 23909, USA
| | - T Horn
- The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - J Huang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - M Huang
- Duke University, Physics Bldg., Science Dr., Campus Box 90305, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - C E Hyde
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - S Iqbal
- California State University, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - F Itard
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - H Kang
- Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seol, South Korea
| | - A Kelleher
- College of William and Mary, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - I Korover
- Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - J J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - E Long
- Kent State University, 800 E Summit St, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - M Magne
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - J Mammei
- University of Massachusetts, 1126 Lederle Graduate Research Tower (LGRT), Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - M Mazouz
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Avenue de l'environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F Meddi
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - M Mihovilovic
- University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, 100 E Queen St, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - R Paremuzyan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
| | - A Puckett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - A Rakhman
- Syracuse University, 900 South Crouse Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, 123 University Terrace, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - G Russo
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Saenboonruang
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Kasetsart University, 50 Thanon Ngam Wong Wan, Khwaeng Lat Yao, Khet Chatuchak, Krung Thep, Maha Nakhon, 10900, Thailand
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - L Selvy
- Kent State University, 800 E Summit St, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2. Alikhanian Br. Street, Yerevan, 0036, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
- University of New Hampshire, 105 Main St, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - M L Sperduto
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - R Subedi
- George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - C Sutera
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - G M Urciuoli
- INFN/Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Wang
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - H Yao
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - B Zhao
- College of William and Mary, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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Liu Y, Brossard M, Sarnowski C, Vaysse A, Moffatt M, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Llinares-López F, Dizier MH, Lathrop M, Cookson W, Bouzigon E, Demenais F. Network-assisted analysis of GWAS data identifies a functionally-relevant gene module for childhood-onset asthma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:938. [PMID: 28428554 PMCID: PMC5430538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of genetic factors associated with asthma remains limited. To identify new genes with an undetected individual effect but collectively influencing asthma risk, we conducted a network-assisted analysis that integrates outcomes of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and protein-protein interaction networks. We used two GWAS datasets, each consisting of the results of a meta-analysis of nine childhood-onset asthma GWASs (5,924 and 6,043 subjects, respectively). We developed a novel method to compute gene-level P-values (fastCGP), and proposed a parallel dense-module search and cross-selection strategy to identify an asthma-associated gene module. We identified a module of 91 genes with a significant joint effect on childhood-onset asthma (P < 10−5). This module contained a core subnetwork including genes at known asthma loci and five peripheral subnetworks including relevant candidates. Notably, the core genes were connected to APP (encoding amyloid beta precursor protein), a major player in Alzheimer’s disease that is known to have immune and inflammatory components. Functional analysis of the module genes revealed four gene clusters involved in innate and adaptive immunity, chemotaxis, cell-adhesion and transcription regulation, which are biologically meaningful processes that may underlie asthma risk. Our findings provide important clues for future research into asthma aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.
| | - M Brossard
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - C Sarnowski
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - A Vaysse
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - M Moffatt
- Genomic Medicine Section, National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Margaritte-Jeannin
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - F Llinares-López
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M H Dizier
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - M Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - W Cookson
- Genomic Medicine Section, National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Bouzigon
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - F Demenais
- INSERM, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, UMR-946, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.
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4
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Defurne M, Mazouz M, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Allada K, Aniol KA, Bellini V, Benali M, Boeglin W, Bertin P, Brossard M, Camsonne A, Canan M, Chandavar S, Chen C, Chen JP, de Jager CW, de Leo R, Desnault C, Deur A, El Fassi L, Ent R, Flay D, Friend M, Fuchey E, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Giusa A, Glamazdin O, Golge S, Gomez J, Hansen O, Higinbotham D, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang J, Huang M, Huber GM, Hyde CE, Iqbal S, Itard F, Kang H, Kang H, Kelleher A, Keppel C, Koirala S, Korover I, LeRose JJ, Lindgren R, Long E, Magne M, Mammei J, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Martí Jiménez-Argüello A, Meddi F, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Muangma N, Muñoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Nuruzzaman N, Paremuzyan R, Puckett A, Punjabi V, Qiang Y, Rakhman A, Rashad MNH, Riordan S, Roche J, Russo G, Sabatié F, Saenboonruang K, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Selvy L, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Solvignon P, Sperduto ML, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Sutera C, Tobias WA, Urciuoli GM, Wang D, Wojtsekhowski B, Yao H, Ye Z, Zana L, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Zheng X, Zhu P. Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:262001. [PMID: 28059549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.262001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present deeply virtual π^{0} electroproduction cross-section measurements at x_{B}=0.36 and three different Q^{2} values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV^{2}, obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E07-007. The Rosenbluth technique is used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component and, thus, is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Nonetheless, an indication of a nonzero longitudinal contribution is provided by the measured interference term σ_{LT}. Results are compared with several models based on the leading-twist approach of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). In particular, a fair agreement is obtained with models in which the scattering amplitude includes convolution terms of chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs of the nucleon with the twist-3 pion distribution amplitude. This experiment, together with previous extensive unseparated measurements, provides strong support to the exciting idea that transversity GPDs can be accessed via neutral pion electroproduction in the high-Q^{2} regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Defurne
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Mazouz
- Faculté des sciences de Monastir, 5000 Tunisia
| | - Z Ahmed
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K A Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - V Bellini
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M Benali
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P Bertin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Brossard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Canan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | | | - C Chen
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R de Leo
- Università di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - C Desnault
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Flay
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M Friend
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Giusa
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - S Golge
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - J Gomez
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA
| | - T Horn
- The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - J Huang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Huang
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C E Hyde
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Iqbal
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - F Itard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ho Kang
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Hy Kang
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - A Kelleher
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - I Korover
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Long
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - M Magne
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Mammei
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Martí Jiménez-Argüello
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
- Facultad de Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46071, Spain
| | - F Meddi
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - N Muangma
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R Paremuzyan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
| | - A Puckett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Rakhman
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - G Russo
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Saenboonruang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - L Selvy
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - R Subedi
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Sutera
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | | - D Wang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Yao
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Zana
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Zhao
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Major JD, Al Turkestani M, Bowen L, Brossard M, Li C, Lagoudakis P, Pennycook SJ, Phillips LJ, Treharne RE, Durose K. In-depth analysis of chloride treatments for thin-film CdTe solar cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13231. [PMID: 27775037 PMCID: PMC5078995 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CdTe thin-film solar cells are now the main industrially established alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics. These cells remain reliant on the so-called chloride activation step in order to achieve high conversion efficiencies. Here, by comparison of effective and ineffective chloride treatments, we show the main role of the chloride process to be the modification of grain boundaries through chlorine accumulation, which leads an increase in the carrier lifetime. It is also demonstrated that while improvements in fill factor and short circuit current may be achieved through use of the ineffective chlorides, or indeed simple air annealing, voltage improvement is linked directly to chlorine incorporation at the grain boundaries. This suggests that focus on improved or more controlled grain boundary treatments may provide a route to achieving higher cell voltages and thus efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Major
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
| | - M Al Turkestani
- Department of Physics, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA, Mecca Al Taif Road, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Bowen
- Department of Physics, G.J. Russell Microscopy Facility, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M Brossard
- University of Southampton, School of Physics &Astronomy, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - C Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Lagoudakis
- University of Southampton, School of Physics &Astronomy, Southampton, Hants SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - S J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - L J Phillips
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
| | - R E Treharne
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
| | - K Durose
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
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Girardin P, Brossard M. Développement d’une hypersensibilité retardéechez des lapins infestés par les femelles d’Ixodes ricinusL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/parasite/1985603299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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7
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Bouzigon E, Nadif R, Thompson EE, Concas MP, Kuldanek S, Du G, Brossard M, Lavielle N, Sarnowski C, Vaysse A, Dessen P, van der Valk RJP, Duijts L, Henderson AJ, Jaddoe VWV, de Jongste JC, Casula S, Biino G, Dizier MH, Pin I, Matran R, Lathrop M, Pirastu M, Demenais F, Ober C. A common variant in RAB27A gene is associated with fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels in adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:797-806. [PMID: 25431337 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker for eosinophilic inflammation in the airways and for responsiveness to corticosteroids in asthmatics. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify in adults the genetic determinants of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels and to assess whether environmental and disease-related factors influence these associations. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study of FeNO through meta-analysis of two independent discovery samples of European ancestry: the outbred EGEA study (French Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, N = 610 adults) and the Hutterites (N = 601 adults), a founder population living on communal farms. Replication of main findings was assessed in adults from an isolated village in Sardinia (Talana study, N = 450). We then investigated the influence of asthma, atopy and tobacco smoke exposure on these genetic associations, and whether they were also associated with FeNO values in children of the EAGLE (EArly Genetics & Lifecourse Epidemiology, N = 8858) consortium. RESULTS We detected a common variant in RAB27A (rs2444043) associated with FeNO that reached the genome-wide significant level (P = 1.6 × 10(-7) ) in the combined discovery and replication adult data sets. This SNP belongs to member of RAS oncogene family (RAB27A) and was associated with an expression quantitative trait locus for RAB27A in lymphoblastoid cell lines from asthmatics. A second suggestive locus (rs2194437, P = 8.9 × 10(-7) ) located nearby the sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (SLC8A1) was mainly detected in atopic subjects and influenced by inhaled corticosteroid use. These two loci were not associated with childhood FeNO values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study identified a common variant located in RAB27A gene influencing FeNO levels specifically in adults and with a biological relevance to the regulation of FeNO levels. This study provides new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying FeNO levels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bouzigon
- Inserm, UMR-946, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
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8
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Andreakou P, Brossard M, Li C, Lagoudakis PG, Bernechea M, Konstantatos G. Spectroscopic evidence of resonance energy transfer mechanism from PbS QDs to bulk silicon. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135401017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Terslev L, D'Agostino MA, Brossard M, Aegerter P, Balint P, Backhaus M, Bruyn GA, Chary-Valckenare I, Filippucci E, Freeston J, Gandjbakhch F, Iagnocco A, Jousse-Joulin S, Mandl P, Möller I, Naredo E, Szkudlarek M, Wakefield RJ, Zayat A, Schmidt WA. Which knee and probe position determines the final diagnosis of knee inflammation by ultrasound? Results from a European multicenter study. Ultraschall Med 2012; 33:E173-E178. [PMID: 22194046 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate which knee and probe position best identifies knee inflammation and to determine a cut-off level for abnormal synovial effusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 experienced sonographers (all rheumatologists) performed ultrasound examinations of the knee joint in patients with knee symptoms and in healthy controls. Each sonographer performed longitudinal suprapatellar ultrasound scans using 9 different configurations at each knee: Midline, parapatallar lateral and parapatellar medial from midline in neutral position (0°) with and without quadriceps muscle contraction and in 30° flexion of the knee. The presence of synovial effusion (SE), the effusion measured in millimeters and the presence of synovial hypertrophy (SH) was noted. RESULTS A total of 298 knees of 149 subjects (129 patients and 20 controls) were examined. The detection of SH is more sensitive and specific than the detection of SE, independently of the knee and probe position, for the final diagnosis of abnormality. The detection of both synovial hypertrophy and effusion in the knee in neutral position (0°) with quadriceps contraction and with the probe in the midline position, are the best independent predictors for knee abnormalities. Knee effusion > 3.2 mm measured with the probe in the lateral aspect of the knee is the best diagnostic characteristics for predicting pathological SE. CONCLUSION The best combination for detecting SH and SE is obtained by placing the probe in the midline position with the knee in 0° with quadriceps contraction. A cut-off value for pathological effusion may be obtained in the lateral aspect of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Terslev
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Copenhagen, Hospitals at Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M A D'Agostino
- Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines University; EA 2506, Rheumatology Department Ambroise-Paré Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - M Brossard
- Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines University; EA 2506, Rheumatology Department Ambroise-Paré Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - P Aegerter
- Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines University; EA 2506, Public Health Department Ambroise-Paré-Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - P Balint
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, 3rd Department of Pediatric and General Rheumatology Budapese, Hungary
| | - M Backhaus
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Gremany
| | - G A Bruyn
- MC Groep hospitals, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - I Chary-Valckenare
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Nancy, Le Brabois Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - E Filippucci
- Cattedra di Reumatologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - J Freeston
- LIMM Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, England
| | - F Gandjbakhch
- Department of Rheumatology, la Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - A Iagnocco
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinica e Terapia Medica Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - S Jousse-Joulin
- Rheumatology Department, La Cavale Blanche Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest, France
| | - P Mandl
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, 3rd Department of Pediatric and General Rheumatology Budapese, Hungary
| | - I Möller
- Instituto Poal de Reumatologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Naredo
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Szkudlarek
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Copenhagen Hospital at Koege, Koege, Denmark
| | - R J Wakefield
- LIMM Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, England
| | - A Zayat
- LIMM Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, England
| | - W A Schmidt
- Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Medical Centre for Rheumatology Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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Mandl P, Brossard M, Aegerter P, Backhaus M, Bruyn GA, Chary-Valckenaere I, Iagnocco A, Filippucci E, Freeston J, Gandjbakhch F, Jousse-Joulin S, Möller I, Naredo E, Schmidt WA, Szkudlarek M, Terslev L, Wakefield RJ, Zayat A, D'Agostino MA, Balint PV. Ultrasound evaluation of fluid in knee recesses at varying degrees of flexion. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:773-9. [PMID: 22232128 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various methods are utilized in daily practice to obtain optimal information on effusion in the knee. Our aim is to investigate which scanning position provides the best information about synovial fluid in the knee by using ultrasound and to evaluate the magnitude of difference for measuring synovial fluid in 3 major recesses (suprapatellar, medial parapatellar, and lateral parapatellar) of the knee according to various degrees of flexion. METHODS Sonographers in 14 European centers documented bilateral knee joint ultrasound examinations on a total of 148 knee joints. The largest sagittal diameter of fluid was measured in scans corresponding to the 3 major recesses at different (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) degrees of flexion of the knee. The difference of measurement of effusion according to transducer position, knee position, and the interaction between them was investigated by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. RESULTS No correlation was noted between patient characteristics and ultrasound detection of effusion. The sagittal diameter of synovial fluid in all 3 recesses was greatest at 30° flexion. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test revealed that the suprapatellar scan and 30° flexion is the best combination for detecting effusion as confirmed by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSION The suprapatellar scan of the knee in 30° flexion was the most sensitive position to detect fluid in knee joints. Sagittal diameter of fluid in all 3 recesses increased with the knee in the 30° flexed position as compared to the extended position.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mandl
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria.
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Brossard M, Corda E, Chaudru V, Demenais F. Identification de voies biologiques associées au risque de mélanome cutané par analyse pangénomique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Rotz A, Mumcuoglu Y, Pohlenz JFL, Suter M, Brossard M, Barth D. Experimentelle Infestation von Rindern mit Ektoparasiten und deren Einfluß auf die Lederqualität5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1983.tb01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Mazouz M, Camsonne A, Camacho CM, Ferdi C, Gavalian G, Kuchina E, Amarian M, Aniol KA, Beaumel M, Benaoum H, Bertin P, Brossard M, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Craver B, Cusanno F, de Jager CW, Deur A, Feuerbach R, Fieschi JM, Frullani S, Garçon M, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Gomez J, Gueye P, Guichon PAM, Guillon B, Hansen O, Hayes D, Higinbotham D, Holmstrom T, Hyde CE, Ibrahim H, Igarashi R, Jiang X, Jo HS, Kaufman LJ, Kelleher A, Kolarkar A, Kumbartzki G, Laveissiere G, Lerose JJ, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Lu HJ, Margaziotis DJ, Meziani ZE, McCormick K, Michaels R, Michel B, Moffit B, Monaghan P, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Potokar M, Qiang Y, Ransome RD, Réal JS, Reitz B, Roblin Y, Roche J, Sabatié F, Saha A, Sirca S, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Ulmer PE, Voutier E, Wang K, Weinstein LB, Wojtsekhowski B, Zheng X, Zhu L. Deeply virtual compton scattering off the neutron. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:242501. [PMID: 18233443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment exploits the interference between the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and the Bethe-Heitler processes to extract the imaginary part of DVCS amplitudes on the neutron and on the deuteron from the helicity-dependent D(e,e'gamma)X cross section measured at Q2=1.9 GeV2 and xB=0.36. We extract a linear combination of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) particularly sensitive to E_{q}, the least constrained GPD. A model dependent constraint on the contribution of the up and down quarks to the nucleon spin is deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazouz
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS/IN2P3, INPG, F-38026 Grenoble, France
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Prevot PP, Couvreur B, Denis V, Brossard M, Vanhamme L, Godfroid E. Protective immunity against Ixodes ricinus induced by a salivary serpin. Vaccine 2007; 25:3284-92. [PMID: 17270322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Iris is a specific elastase inhibitor expressed in the salivary glands of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. It belongs to the superfamily of serpins and interferes with both haemostasis and the immune response of the host. In this study, we first show that Iris is expressed in nymphs but not in the female midgut nor in males. We also show that Iris is present in the saliva. To examine its potency as anti-tick vaccine candidate, we set up three models of I. ricinus infestation on immunized animals: nymphs on mice, and adults and nymphs on rabbits. We report the rise of neutralizing antibodies following immunization of rabbits and mice. This comes with a significant protective immunity against ticks in rabbits only, resulting in a 30% mortality rate and a diminution of weight gain in both nymphs and adults and a prolongation of blood feeding time in adults. This is the first report on an anti-tick vaccine trial on I. ricinus using a protein able to interact with both host immunity and haemostasis, as a vaccinating antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-P Prevot
- Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 12, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Camacho CM, Camsonne A, Mazouz M, Ferdi C, Gavalian G, Kuchina E, Amarian M, Aniol KA, Beaumel M, Benaoum H, Bertin P, Brossard M, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Craver B, Cusanno F, de Jager CW, Deur A, Feuerbach R, Fieschi JM, Frullani S, Garçon M, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Gomez J, Gueye P, Guichon PAM, Guillon B, Hansen O, Hayes D, Higinbotham D, Holmstrom T, Hyde-Wright CE, Ibrahim H, Igarashi R, Jiang X, Jo HS, Kaufman LJ, Kelleher A, Kolarkar A, Kumbartzki G, Laveissière G, Lerose JJ, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Lu HJ, Margaziotis DJ, Meziani ZE, McCormick K, Michaels R, Michel B, Moffit B, Monaghan P, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Potokar M, Qiang Y, Ransome RD, Réal JS, Reitz B, Roblin Y, Roche J, Sabatié F, Saha A, Sirca S, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Ulmer PE, Voutier E, Wang K, Weinstein LB, Wojtsekhowski B, Zheng X, Zhu L. Scaling tests of the cross section for deeply virtual Compton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:262002. [PMID: 17280421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.262002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurements of the e[over -->]p-->epgamma cross section in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) regime and the valence quark region. The Q(2) dependence (from 1.5 to 2.3 GeV(2)) of the helicity-dependent cross section indicates the twist-2 dominance of DVCS, proving that generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are accessible to experiment at moderate Q(2). The helicity-independent cross section is also measured at Q(2)=2.3 GeV(2). We present the first model-independent measurement of linear combinations of GPDs and GPD integrals up to the twist-3 approximation.
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Abstract
Ticks are of vast medical and veterinary public health importance due to direct damage caused by feeding and their roles in transmitting well known and emerging infectious agents. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens stimulate the immune system of the host. Those immune interactions are of importance in tick biology, pathogen transmission and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Both innate and specific acquired immune defenses are involved in the responses of vertebrate hosts to infestation. Ticks have evolved countermeasures to circumvent host immune defenses. This review addresses the immunobiology of the tick-host interface from the perspectives of the pharmacology of tick saliva; relationship of tick saliva to pathogen transmission; host immune responses to infestation; tick modulation of host immune defences; and genomic/proteomic strategies for studying tick salivary gland molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brossard
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2007, Neuchatel, Switzerland
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17
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Mejri N, Franscini N, Rutti B, Brossard M. Th2 polarization of the immune response of BALB/c mice to Ixodes ricinus instars, importance of several antigens in activation of specific Th2 subpopulations. Parasite Immunol 2001; 23:61-9. [PMID: 11240897 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2001.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BALB/c mice were infested with Ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs or adults. Expression of IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA in axillary and brachial draining lymph node cells were measured by competitive quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 9 days after the beginning of primary-infestation. IL-4 mRNA was always higher than that of IFN-gamma mRNA for all tick instars. Moreover, IL-4 mRNA expression progressively increased during nymphal primary-infestation with a high burst of expression 7 days after the beginning of infestation. No evolution of IFN-gamma mRNA expression was detected. Draining lymph node cells of infested BALB/c produced higher level of IL-4 than IFN-gamma following in vitro restimulation with adult tick saliva, salivary gland extract (SGE) or with five selected different chromatographic fractions of SGE. Anti-tick IgG1 antibodies but no IgG2a were detected in BALB/c pluri-infested with I. ricinus nymphs, which confirmed the Th2 polarization of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mejri
- Institute of Zoology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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18
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Christe M, Rutti B, Brossard M. Cytokines (IL-4 and IFN-gamma) and antibodies (IgE and IgG2a) produced in mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto via nymphs of Ixodes ricinus ticks or syringe inoculations. Parasitol Res 2000; 86:491-6. [PMID: 10894476 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mice were tolerant to tick bites during three infestations with nymphs of Ixodes ricinus infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. To determine whether tick bites influence the immune response against B. burgdorferi, we examined the production of cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma by lymph node cells of BALB/c mice and IL-4 deficient BALB/c mice after tick inoculation versus syringe inoculation of B. burgdorferi. We also measured IgG2a anti-borrelial antibodies and total IgE in these mice. Results showed that BALB/c mice developed a Th2 immune response against B. burgdorferi after tick inoculation and a mixed Th1/Th2 response after syringe inoculation of B. burgdorferi. IL-4 deficient mice produced a Th1 immune response in both cases. IL-4 produced following tick bites greatly decreased the production of anti-borrelial IgG2a antibodies by comparison with the production of anti-borrelial IgG2a antibodies produced following syringe injection of B. burgdorferi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christe
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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19
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Abstract
We have investigated the effects of different biologically active components from natural products, including green tea polyphenols (GTP), resveratrol, genistein and organosulfur compounds from garlic, on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MMP-12 activities. GTP caused the strongest inhibition of the three enzymes, as measured by fluorescence assays using gelatin or elastin as substrates. The inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 caused by GTP was confirmed by gelatin zymography and was observed for MMPs associated with both various rat tissues and human brain tumors (glioblastoma and pituitary tumors). The activities of MMPs were also measured in the presence of various catechins isolated from green tea including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (+)-catechin (C). The most potent inhibitors of these activities, as measured by fluorescence and by gelatin or casein zymography, were EGCG and ECG. GTP and the different catechins had no effect on pancreatic elastase, suggesting that the effects of these molecules on MMP activities are specific. Furthermore, in vitro activation of proMMP-2 secreted from the glioblastomas cell line U-87 by the lectin concanavalin A was completely inhibited by GTP and specifically by EGCG. These results indicate that catechins from green tea inhibit MMP activities and proMMP-2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demeule
- Laboratoire de Médecine Moléculaire, Hopital Sainte-Justine - UQAM, C.P. 8888, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
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20
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Liz JS, Anderes L, Sumner JW, Massung RF, Gern L, Rutti B, Brossard M. PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1002-7. [PMID: 10698987 PMCID: PMC86323 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1002-1007.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae was demonstrated by PCR in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in Switzerland in two areas of endemicity for bovine ehrlichiosis. Six ticks (three females and three nymphs) (1.4%) of 417 I. ricinus ticks collected by flagging vegetation contained ehrlichial DNA. A total of 201 small mammals from five species, wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), earth vole (Pitymys subterraneus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and common shrew (Sorex araneus), were trapped. The analysis of I. ricinus ticks [corrected] collected on 116 small mammals showed that nine C. glareolus voles and two A. sylvaticus mice hosted infected tick larvae. In these rodents, granulocytic ehrlichia infection was also detected in blood, spleen, liver, and ear samples. Further examinations of 190 small mammals without ticks or with noninfected ticks showed the presence of ehrlichial DNA in spleen and other tissues from six additional C. glareolus, three A. flavicollis, and one S. araneus mammals. This study suggests that A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, S. araneus, and particularly C. glareolus are likely to be natural reservoirs for granulocytic ehrlichiae. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of granulocytic ehrlichiae from ticks and rodents showed a high degree of homology (99 to 100%) with granulocytic ehrlichiae isolated from humans. In contrast, groESL heat shock operon sequence analysis showed a strong divergence (approximately 5%) between the sequences in samples derived from rodents and those derived from samples from questing ticks or from other published ehrlichia sequences. Dual infections with granulocytic ehrlichia and Borrelia burgdorferi were found in ticks and small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Liz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, 2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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21
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Demeule M, Brossard M, Béliveau R. Cisplatin induces renal expression of P-glycoprotein and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:F832-40. [PMID: 10600929 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1999.277.6.f832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of two members of the ATP-binding cassette family of transport proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or Mrp2), was evaluated in renal brush-border membranes (BBM) and various rat tissues after cisplatin treatment. One administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) increased P-gp expression by >200-300% in renal BBM and in crude membranes from liver and intestine. The increase in P-gp expression in the kidney was also detected in photolabeling experiments, suggesting the induction of functional P-gp. cMOAT expression was increased by >10-fold in renal BBM after cisplatin administration, although it had no effect on liver cMOAT expression. The increase in the levels of both proteins was maximal at 2 days after cisplatin treatment and lasted for at least 8 days. These results indicate that a single administration of cisplatin induces overexpression of P-gp and cMOAT in specific tissues. This may be of significant relevance to the design of clinical trials using cisplatin as a single chemotherapeutic agent or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demeule
- Laboratoire de Médecine Moléculaire, Département de Chimie-Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
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22
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Frossard E, Rutti B, Burgherr J, Godfroid E, Brossard M, Gerber NJ. [Detection of Borrelia DNA in synovial fluid for diagnosis of Lyme arthritis]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1999; 129:979-84. [PMID: 10431321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test sensitivity and specificity of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Borrelia specific outer surface protein (Osp) A gene in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of Lyme arthritis, and thus permit an earlier start to treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospectively we examined the synovial fluid of 37 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Lyme arthritis or with other arthropathies of known or unknown origin, searching for the presence of detectable borrelial DNA in both arms of the study. Retrospectively we examined the stored synovial fluid from 50 patients of the Department of Rheumatology of the University Hospital, Berne, with the clinical diagnosis of monarthritis or oligoarthritis of unknown etiology, juvenile chronic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The laboratory biologist was unaware of the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS In the prospective study no true false positive results were found: of the 28 patients without strong clinical suspicion of Lyme arthritis 27 were PCR negative. In one case with positive PCR for borrelial DNA the diagnosis could not be clarified, Lyme arthritis remaining a possibility. Therefore the specificity in the prospective study was at least 96%. Borrelial DNA in the synovial fluid was found in 5 out of 9 patients with strong clinical suspicion of Lyme arthritis. All 7 patients in this group were new, untreated cases. All the 5 PCR positive results belonged to this group, thus the "sensitivity" of the tested method was 71% in untreated cases of Lyme arthritis. In the retrospective study we found borrelial DNA in the synovial fluid of 2 patients. These 2 patients had gonarthritis of unknown origin. Retrospectively these 2 cases could be diagnosed as Lyme arthritis. CONCLUSION In cases with clinical suspicion of Lyme arthritis the PCR method targeting a borrelial Osp A gene fragment common to all 3 European genospecies shows very good specificity and in untreated cases acceptable sensitivity. Introduction of the method studied into clinical practice is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frossard
- Institut de Zoologie Université de Neuchâtel
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23
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Christe M, Rutti B, Brossard M. Influence of the genetic background and parasite load of mice on the immune response developed against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus. Parasitol Res 1999; 85:557-61. [PMID: 10382605 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The immune response of BALB/c (H-2d), DBA (H-2d), C57BL/6 (H-2b), C3H (H-2k), CBA (H-2k), SJL (H-2s), and FVB (H-2q) mice infested once with 15 nymphs of Ixodes ricinus is polarized toward Th2 as suggested by cytokines produced by lymph node cells stimulated with concanavalin A. The parasite load does not influence the polarization of the immune response as observed in BALB/c mice, which developed a Th2 response when infested with 5 or 45 nymphs. As assessed by attachment and weights of engorged nymphs, no resistance was acquired by BALB/c, C57BL/6, or C3H mice undergoing three successive infestations. However, these mice produced a gradual increase in IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christe
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
The expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or Mrp2) was evaluated by Western blotting analysis of rat tissues isolated following daily administration (1 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) of dexamethasone over 4 days. Dexamethasone rapidly increased P-gp expression more than 4.5- and 2-fold in liver and lung, respectively, while it was decreased 40% in kidney. cMOAT expression was increased 2-fold in liver and kidney following dexamethasone treatment. The levels of both proteins returned to control values by 6 days after the conclusion of dexamethasone administration. These results indicate that dexamethasone can modulate P-gp and cMOAT expression in specific rat tissues and may have significant relevance for patients treated with dexamethasone as a single agent or in combination therapy with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demeule
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire et Centre de Cancérologie Charles Bruneau, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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25
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Dolan MC, Piesman J, Mbow ML, Maupin GO, Péter O, Brossard M, Golde WT. Vector competence of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) for three genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Med Entomol 1998; 35:465-470. [PMID: 9701928 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/35.4.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The vector competence of 2 tick species, Ixodes ricinus (L.) and Ixodes scapularis Say, was determined and compared for 3 genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi. The 3 genospecies of B. burgdorferi used in the following experiments were Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (B-31 and B-31.D1 clone), Borrelia afzelii (strain Pgau. C3), and Borrelia garinii (strain VS286 and VSBP). Spirochetes from all 5 strains were inoculated intradermally into outbred mice; larval ticks of both species were subsequently fed on those mice and replete larvae were assayed for infection by culture in BSK-H media every 7 d for 4 wk. Infection frequencies in I. scapularis exposed to the 5 strains were as follows: B-31 (90%), B-31.D1 (83%), Pgau.C3 (87%), VS286 (10%), and VSBP (5%). The comparable infection frequencies for I. ricinus were B-31 (3%), B-31.D1 (3%), Pgau.C3 (90%), VS286 (5%), and VSBP (3%). Resultant nymphal I. scapularis successfully transmitted B-31, B-31,D1, Pgau.C3, and VS286 to outbred mice. I. ricinus nymphs transmitted Pgau.C3 and VS286. Both species failed to transmit strain VSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dolan
- Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
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26
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27
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Christe M, Rutti B, Brossard M. Susceptibility of BALB/c mice to nymphs and larvae of Ixodes ricinus after modulation of IgE production with anti-interleukin-4 or anti-interferon-gamma monoclonal antibodies. Parasitol Res 1998; 84:388-93. [PMID: 9610636 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BALB/c mice infested three times with nymphs or larvae of Ixodes ricinus ticks do not acquire resistance as assessed by evaluation of both tick attachment and the weight of engorged nymphs or larvae. Tick challenge causes a gradual increase in total IgE antibody production from the first to the third infestation. Anti-tick IgG antibodies are never detected. When the mice are treated with anti-interleukin-4 (anti-IL-4) or anti-interferon-gamma (anti-IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 1 day before each infestation, they produce fewer or more IgE antibodies, respectively. No effect is observed on IgG antibodies. In IL-4-deficient mice, no IgE or IgG antibody is produced. However, these treatments and the use of IL-4-deficient mice have no negative effect on either tick attachment or the weight of engorged nymphs or larvae. Treatment with anti-IL-4 mAb and the use of IL-4-deficient mice inhibits and abolishes the switching of IgE, respectively, but these are apparently not sufficient to shift the response toward Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christe
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
The control of ticks and diseases transmitted by ticks is extremely difficult. Application of acaricides is the most common prophylactic and therapeutic control measure against these ectoparasites. The selection of tick strains which are resistant to these products, the appearance of chemical residues in milk and meat, and environmental pollution resulting from the use of acaricides pose real problems. This article deals with aspects of current work on the alternative control of ticks and places special emphasis on the development of vaccines and the utilisation of genetically resistant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brossard
- Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Blendon
- Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, USA
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30
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Abstract
Infestation with ixodid tick stimulates the immune regulatory and effector pathways of the hosts involving antigen presenting cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils and a variety of bioactive molecules like cytokines, antibodies and complement. Tick-mediated immunosuppression has been investigated using cells derived from infested animals and by exposing cells from uninfected animals to tick salivary gland molecules. Tick-induced suppression of host immune defences is characterized by reduced ability of lymphocytes from infested animals to proliferate in vitro in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A), diminished primary antibody responses to T-cell dependent antigen, and decreased elaboration of macrophage (IL-1 and TNF-alpha) and Th1-lymphocyte cytokines (IFN-gamma), whereas Th2 cytokines production (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) is enhanced. It is known that IL-10 inhibits Th1 cell development and also reduces the in vitro T-lymphocyte proliferative response to Con A stimulation. Proteins which inhibited T-lymphocyte in vitro responsiveness to Con A were also isolated from tick salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brossard
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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31
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Ganapamo F, Rutti B, Brossard M. Identification of an Ixodes ricinus salivary gland fraction through its ability to stimulate CD4 T cells present in BALB/c mice lymph nodes draining the tick fixation site. Parasitology 1997; 115 ( Pt 1):91-6. [PMID: 9226956 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182097008913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BALB/c mice infested with larvae or nymphs of Ixodes ricinus develop in their lymph nodes a T cell-specific immune response triggered by salivary gland soluble antigens (SGA). SGA are apparently conserved in the 3 biological stages of I. ricinus ticks and are species specific. SGA derived from partially fed females I. ricinus stimulate lymph node T cells from mice infested with I. ricinus larvae or nymphs. In contrast, lymph node cells from mice infested with Amblyomma hebraeum nymphs do not respond. A chromatographic fraction enriched with a 65 kDa protein (IrSG65) isolated from salivary glands of I. ricinus partially fed females induces in vitro a specific T cell proliferation of lymph node cells from mice infested with I. ricinus nymphs. The depletion of CD4+ T cells drastically reduces the ability of lymphocytes from infested mice to proliferate after IrSG65 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ganapamo
- Department of Immunology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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32
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Ganapamo F, Rutti B, Brossard M. Cytokine production by lymph node cells from mice infested with Ixodes ricinus ticks and the effect of tick salivary gland extracts on IL-2 production. Scand J Immunol 1996; 44:388-93. [PMID: 8845033 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In BALB/c mice repeatedly infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks, lymphocytes from axillary and brachial lymph nodes which drain the tick attachment site produced significant levels of IL-2, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF when stimulated in vitro with Con A or anti-CD3 antibodies. Cytokine production by cells from lymph nodes of the opposite flank was equivalent to that of cells from uninfested mice. Nine days after the first infestation and IL-2, GM-CSF were produced primarily by the CD4+ T cells, while some other cell types contributed also to the TNF-alpha production. In mice repeatedly infested, a gradual increase of lymph node cell production of IL-2 was observed. The IL-2 levels regularly increased from the first to the third infestation compared to TNF-alpha levels which gradually decreased. The in vitro production of GM-CSF was not affected by successive infestations. Spleen lymphocytes from naive mice produced higher levels of IL-2 than lymphocytes from axillary and brachial lymph nodes. Both tick salivary gland extracts and D-mannose inhibited IL-2 production by these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ganapamo
- Department of Immunology, University of Neuchátel, Switzerland
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33
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Gottstein B, Saucy F, Wyss C, Siegenthaler M, Jacquier P, Schmitt M, Brossard M, Demierre G. Investigations on a Swiss area highly endemic for Echinococcus multilocularis. Appl Parasitol 1996; 37:129-36. [PMID: 8688861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anecdotal information suggested that a focus of hyperendemicity may be present in a small area of the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Therefore, the prevalence of E. multilocularis was assessed both in the fox and the rodent population over a two-season-period. A high prevalence ranging between 47% and 56% was consistently determined in the fox population. An Arvicola terrestris population was infected at 39% in the first season of investigation and at 11% in the following season. A subsequent seroepidemiological survey in the population of inhabitants surrounding the area provided no indication of seroconversion and thus no indication of infection for humans. However, a longer-term survey will be needed to assess more precisely the risk of disease occurrence among these inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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34
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Abstract
A study was carried out on piroplasms of small ruminants in the Macedonia region of Greece. During 1984-1985, 721 serum samples were collected from sheep in 49 localities and 487 from goats in 43 localities. Blood smears were also prepared from 26 sheep and eight goats in 16 localities. The prevalence of positive IFA titres for sheep and goat sera, respectively, was: 24.6% and 0.6% for Theileria ovis, 52.1% and 36.4% for Babesia ovis, 10.5% and 4.2% for Babesia motasi, 12.6% and 6.6% for Babesia crassa. Many of the positive reactions, specially for the large Babesia species, B. motasi and B. crassa, probably resulted from cross-reactions and the presence of these two species is doubtful. Antibodies against B. ovis were found in animals from more than 90% of the localities. T. ovis was also common, but it was confined essentially to sheep. The examination of Giemsa stained blood smears revealed the presence of T. ovis and B. ovis in sheep, and Anaplasma ovis in a goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Papadopoulos
- Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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35
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Abstract
A study was carried out on piroplasms of cattle in the Macedonia region of Greece. During 1984-1986, 602 serum samples were collected from cattle in 33 localities. Blood smears were also prepared from 50 of the animals in 13 localities. The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test revealed that 41.4% of cattle sera were positive to Theileria orientalis, 2.0% to Theileria annulata, 21.6% to Babesia bovis, 15.2% to Babesia bigemina, 5.1% to Babesia major and 2.7% to Babesia divergens. Some of the positive titres were probably due to cross reactions. T. orientalis was widely distributed. T. annulata was limited to a small number of foci. B. bigemina and B. bovis, often present together, were widespread, whereas B. major was only present in a small number of localities. No convincing evidence of B. divergens infection was found. By examination of Giemsa stained blood smears T. orientalis, T. annulata and a Babesia sp. were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Papadopoulos
- Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Ganapamo F, Rutti B, Brossard M. Immunosuppression and cytokine production in mice infested with Ixodes ricinus ticks: a possible role of laminin and interleukin-10 on the in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens. Immunology 1996; 87:259-63. [PMID: 8698388 PMCID: PMC1384282 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.450512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells from BALB/c mice infested 9 days before with Ixodes ricinus nymphs had a suppressed response to in vitro concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation compared to cells from uninfested mice. When laminin (the main component of the extracellular matrix) was used as a coating agent, the Con A response of naive mice was characterized by a decrease in cell proliferation, whereas there was no significant effect on the mitogen response of cells from infested mice. In contrast, an increased response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was observed when assaying lymph node cells of infested mice, probably reflecting an increase in B-lymphocyte number or activity. LPS cell stimulation was not modified by laminin. Supernatants of lymph node cells, taken 9 days after the first infestation of mice, stimulated with Con A in vitro, contained interleukin-10 (IL-10) but no significant levels of IL-5 as tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At this stage of the infestation all T cells reactive with tick antigens generated in lymph nodes that drain the tick fixation site, were CD4+ cells, as determined by CD4+ depletion. With cells taken 9 days after the third infestation an increase of IL-5 and IL-10 was observed. The IL-10 levels were higher than the IL-5. According to these observations, we conclude that the reduction of T-cell proliferation in response to Con A observed in lymph node cells from infested mice, may be due to the combined effect of laminin interaction with T lymphocytes during migration and IL-10 production by these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ganapamo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Ganapamo F, Rutti B, Brossard M. In vitro production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by lymph node cells from BALB/c mice infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. Immunology 1995; 85:120-4. [PMID: 7635513 PMCID: PMC1384034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the ability of lymphocytes taken from axillary and brachial lymph nodes of BALB/c mice that had been infested once three times with 15 nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks, to produce interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A). They released high levels of IL-4 and low levels of IFN-gamma. An increase of IFN-gamma between the first and the third tick infestation was observed. Salivary gland extracts from female I. ricinus ticks induced specific in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from infested mice. IL-4 production was correlated with the salivary gland extracts' ability to stimulate tick-specific lymphocyte proliferation. Its levels remained high from the first to the third infestation. IFN-gamma production was not necessarily associated with tick salivary gland antigen stimulation. In BALB/c mice, anti-tick immune response induction is regional and the contribution of other similar secondary lymphoid organs is negligible. Only cells from the lymph nodes which drained the tick-fixation site proliferated in vitro in the presence of tick antigens, and when stimulated with Con A produced IL-4 and IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ganapamo
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Ganapamo F, Rutti B, Brossard M. Spleen accessory cell antigen processing and in vitro induction of specific lymphocyte proliferation in BALB/c mice infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995; 378:195-7. [PMID: 8526053 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1971-3_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ganapamo
- Institute of Zoology, University, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Schorderet S, Brossard M. Effects of human recombinant interleukin-2 on resistance, and on the humoral and cellular response of rabbits infested with adult Ixodes ricinus ticks. Vet Parasitol 1994; 54:375-87. [PMID: 7839562 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rabbits were treated with subcutaneous injections of ten doses of 5 x 10(3) units of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) during a first infestation with five adult pairs Ixodes ricinus per rabbit, while untreated controls were infested by either five (direct control) or 25 pairs (resistant control) per rabbit. During the second infestation with 25 pairs per rabbit in each group, rabbits treated with IL-2 became more resistant than the rabbits in the two untreated control groups. Stronger resistance was manifested by lower engorgement and egg laying weights, and by smaller numbers of normally fed or ovipositioning ticks. IL-2 treatment had no significant effects on the rabbit anti-tick antibody production and the lymphocyte proliferation to a salivary gland extract (SGE). By contrast, the highest cutaneous responses to SGE were observed in the IL-2 treated group. IL-2 may increase rabbit cell-mediated immunity, and stimulate an increase in the production of memory cells during the induction phase of the immune response (first infestation), allowing the development of a strong resistance in lightly infested rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schorderet
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Mbow ML, Rutti B, Brossard M. Infiltration of CD4+ CD8+ T cells, and expression of ICAM-1, Ia antigens, IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha in the skin lesion of BALB/c mice undergoing repeated infestations with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. Immunology 1994; 82:596-602. [PMID: 7835923 PMCID: PMC1414904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin cellular immune response of BALB/c mice was examined during three successive infestations with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. An immunohistochemical analysis of skin cryostat sections 72 hr post-tick attachment revealed that CD4+ T cells outnumbered CD8+ T cells in all infestations. The CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio was 2.2:1 in the primary infestation, then increased to 3.2:1 and 4.7:1 in the secondary and tertiary infestations. No B lymphocytes (CD45R) were detected in the skin of control and infested mice. A positive staining of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on vascular endothelial cells, dendritic cells and some other mononuclear cells was observed in the dermis. Also, a strong positive staining of Ia antigens on dendritic cells and infiltrated mononuclear cells was noted. The staining pattern was more intense and positive cells increased in number in the skin of re-infested mice compared to the primary infestation. In addition, cells such as epidermal keratinocytes, dermal dendritic cells and infiltrated mononuclear cells positive for the 'pro-inflammatory' cytokines interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were localized in the skin of infested mice, as detected at the mRNA level by in situ hybridization and at protein level by immunostaining with antibodies. These results suggest that an antigen was presented to infiltrating T lymphocytes which then became activated. This event may explain the cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity previously described in tick-infected BALB/c mice. Importantly, this cutaneous reaction was not sufficient to protect the mouse against tick re-infestation. Furthermore, ICAM-1 could mediate, at least in part, the extravasation of inflammatory cells into the skin of infested mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mbow
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Mbow ML, Rutti B, Brossard M. IFN-gamma IL-2, and IL-4 mRNA expression in the skin and draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice repeatedly infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. Cell Immunol 1994; 156:254-61. [PMID: 8200040 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1994.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The skin and draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice were examined for IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in three successive infestations with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA positive cells were readily detected in lymph node sections during primary antigenic stimulation (72 hr post-tick attachment), whereas hybridization with IL-4 probe yielded no or only a faint positive signal. No changes in the cytokine pattern were observed in lymph node sections from reinfested mice, with IL-4 mRNA always being expressed to a lesser extent than IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA. Seventy-two hours post-tick attachment in primary infestation, some infiltrating cells in the skin were positive for IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA, but not for IL-2 mRNA. In skin sections of reinfested mice, mRNA coding for IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were detected in infiltrating cells. Cells positive for IL-4 mRNA were lower in number than those positive for IFN-gamma and IL-1 mRNA. A significant decrease in the number of IL-4 mRNA positive cells in the tertiary infestation was noted. All together, these results indicate that I. ricinus nymphal ticks antigens are able to elicit expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2 mRNA and to a lesser extent IL-4 mRNA in both skin and draining lymph nodes. In addition, repeated infestations with ticks led to strong expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNAs in the skin that may be correlated with previous observations showing the occurrence of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity in tick-infested mice. Notably, the cytokine pattern observed in the skin and draining lymph nodes is not associated with a protective immune response in mice against I. ricinus nymphal ticks infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mbow
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Mbow ML, Christe M, Rutti B, Brossard M. Absence of Acquired Resistance to Nymphal Ixodes ricinus Ticks in BALB/c Mice Developing Cutaneous Reactions. J Parasitol 1994. [DOI: 10.2307/3283349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mbow ML, Christe M, Rutti B, Brossard M. Absence of acquired resistance to nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks in BALB/c mice developing cutaneous reactions. J Parasitol 1994; 80:81-7. [PMID: 8308662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BALB/c mice underwent 3 successive infestations with 15 Ixodes ricinus nymphs. No resistance was acquired as assessed by evaluating tick attachment, duration of blood meal, weights of engorged nymphs, and molting success. However, the hosts developed cutaneous immediate- and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions when reinfested. Histological examination of tick attachment sites showed that inflammatory cells consisting of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) infiltrated the skin more intensively during reinfestations. The number of intact mast cells did not vary between successive infestations, whereas the number of degranulated mast cells increased in the early stages of reinfestations. Basophils, which represent 12% of total infiltrating cells, were only observed and quantified in the skin of reinfested mice using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Degranulating eosinophils were also observed by use of TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mbow
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Two groups of rabbits were infested twice with different numbers of Ixodes ricinus adults: one group (high infestation) with twenty-five females and twenty-five males and the other group (low infestation) with five pairs. A third infestation was performed in both groups with fifteen adult pairs. Tick biology was monitored for resistance effects. At the second infestation, the feeding and the egg production were more perturbed in ticks fed on high infestation rabbits. The embryogenesis was only affected in ticks from high infestation rabbits. At the third infestation, resistance was increased only in low infestation rabbits, which became more resistant than high infestation rabbits. The blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes and antibody production against ticks were assessed. A salivary gland extract and an integumental antigen from I. ricinus adult females were able to initiate lymphocyte proliferation. The response was significantly higher in high infestation rabbits, especially at the end of the second infestation, and higher in low infestation rabbits during the third infestation. Non-specific proliferation with concanavalin A was temporarily decreased in both rabbits groups during the first and the second infestations. Specific antibody response to salivary and integument antigens were always the highest in high infestation rabbits. The involvement of tick-induced immunosuppression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schorderet
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Rutti B, Brossard M. Vaccination of cattle against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus with detergent solubilized tick tissue proteins and purified 20 kDa protein. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1992; 67:50-4. [PMID: 1290376 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/199267250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three groups of 4 cattle have been vaccinated with either detergent solubilized tick tissue proteins (SMP) of male and female Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, a 20 kDa soluble integumental antigen, a mixture of both SMP and 20 kDa. Two weeks after one booster injection all cattle were challenged by infestation with adult ticks. Treatment had no influence on tick attachment but on cattle vaccinated by the 20 kDa 32.5% fed ticks died (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean weight of ticks fed on 7 out of 12 vaccinated cattle was significantly lower (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Individual differences could be seen where the mean weight reduction was up to 30%. Moreover, ticks fed on 1 (group SMP) or 2 cattle (group 20 kDa) had some difficulties in converting their blood meal into eggs (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rutti
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Dhadialla TS, Rutti B, Brossard M. Induction of host resistance to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in rabbits: effects of immunizing with detergent-solubilized tick tissue proteins. Parasitol Res 1990; 76:536-9. [PMID: 2381896 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the hard tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, was induced in rabbits by immunizing them with tick tissue proteins extracted with a detergent, Triton X-100. There was 25% mortality in female ticks fed on immunized rabbits as compared with those fed on controls. Similarly, there was a 40% and 60% reduction in the engorged weight and the weight of egg batches, respectively, of ticks fed on immunized rabbits. Western blot analysis of detergent-solubilized tick tissue proteins, carried out using immune sera, recognized a complex pattern of proteins. A strong reaction was observed with proteins with apparent molecular weights of 94,000 and 40,000 daltons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Dhadialla
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Girardin P, Brossard M. Rabbits infested with Ixodes ricinus L. adults: effects of a treatment with cyclosporin A on the biology of ticks fed on naive and immune hosts. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1990; 65:262-6. [PMID: 2097933 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/1990655262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits have been infested 3 times with 10 female and 10 male Ixodes ricinus. Immunity which is induced when ticks feed on naive animals (1st infestation) perturbs feeding, oviposition and embryogenesis during reinfestations. Treatment of rabbits during a 3rd infestation (resistant animals) with cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent which works on the cellular compartment (chiefly T helper cells), partially reversed the negative effects of the immunity on the biology of the ticks. Conversely, CsA may also directly affect the reproductive processes of ticks. Thus, the weight of the eggs laid and the egg conversion factor of ticks fed on naive treated hosts (1st infestation) were diminished. In addition, the preoviposition was prolonged, and finally failure in oviposition and hatching occurred more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Girardin
- Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel
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Abstract
Rabbits have been infested 3 times with 10 females and 10 males Ixodes ricinus. Immunity which is acquired when ticks feed on naive rabbits (first infestation) perturbs tick feeding on reinfested animals (third infestation). Then ticks ingest less blood (p less than 0.001). Blood meal digestion in also altered. It was estimated by measuring haemoglobin concentration in ixodid midgut during 20 days after their drop off. After the first infestation this concentration decreases linearly with time (r2(1) = 46.14%, n1 = 63, p less than 0.001). After 3 infestations it is no longer correlated with time, indicating an impaired digestive process (r2(3) = 7.15%, n3 = 49, p greater than 0.05). This observation was corroborated by an analysis of multiple regression. Haemoglobin concentration of tick midgut only correlates with time after a first infestation (r2(1) = 45.25%). In ticks fed on immune animals this concentration is predicted with the quantity of midgut C3 and the weight of fed ticks and not with time (r2(3) = 60.99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brossard
- Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel
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Brossard M. [Aspects of the cycle of Echinococcus multilocularis and of the epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in the Jura mountains of Switzerland]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1989; 109:85-7. [PMID: 2922534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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