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Paterson RL, La Manna MP, Arena De Souza V, Walker A, Gibbs-Howe D, Kulkarni R, Fergusson JR, Mulakkal NC, Monteiro M, Bunjobpol W, Dembek M, Martin-Urdiroz M, Grant T, Barber C, Garay-Baquero DJ, Tezera LB, Lowne D, Britton-Rivet C, Pengelly R, Chepisiuk N, Singh PK, Woon AP, Powlesland AS, McCully ML, Caccamo N, Salio M, Badami GD, Dorrell L, Knox A, Robinson R, Elkington P, Dieli F, Lepore M, Leonard S, Godinho LF. An HLA-E-targeted TCR bispecific molecule redirects T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318003121. [PMID: 38691588 PMCID: PMC11087797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides presented by HLA-E, a molecule with very limited polymorphism, represent attractive targets for T cell receptor (TCR)-based immunotherapies to circumvent the limitations imposed by the high polymorphism of classical HLA genes in the human population. Here, we describe a TCR-based bispecific molecule that potently and selectively binds HLA-E in complex with a peptide encoded by the inhA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans. We reveal the biophysical and structural bases underpinning the potency and specificity of this molecule and demonstrate its ability to redirect polyclonal T cells to target HLA-E-expressing cells transduced with mycobacterial inhA as well as primary cells infected with virulent Mtb. Additionally, we demonstrate elimination of Mtb-infected cells and reduction of intracellular Mtb growth. Our study suggests an approach to enhance host T cell immunity against Mtb and provides proof of principle for an innovative TCR-based therapeutic strategy overcoming HLA polymorphism and therefore applicable to a broader patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco P. La Manna
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Walker
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Gibbs-Howe
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Kulkarni
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mauro Monteiro
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcin Dembek
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tressan Grant
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Barber
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Diana J. Garay-Baquero
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Liku Bekele Tezera
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
| | - David Lowne
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Pengelly
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amanda P. Woon
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nadia Caccamo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Knox
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Robinson
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elkington
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo90127, Italy
| | - Marco Lepore
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Leonard
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Luis F. Godinho
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RY, United Kingdom
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2
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Zou Z, Cheng Q, Zhou J, Guo C, Hadjinicolaou AV, Salio M, Liang X, Yang C, Du Y, Yao W, Wang D, Cerundolo V, Wang Q, Xia M. ATF4-SLC7A11-GSH axis mediates the acquisition of immunosuppressive properties by activated CD4 + T cells in low arginine condition. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113995. [PMID: 38527061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is restricted in metabolic nutrients including the semi-essential amino acid arginine. While complete arginine deprivation causes T cell dysfunction, it remains unclear how arginine levels fluctuate in the TME to shape T cell fates. Here, we find that the 20-μM low arginine condition, representing the levels found in the plasma of patients with cancers, confers Treg-like immunosuppressive capacities upon activated T cells. In vivo mouse tumor models and human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets reveal positive correlations between low arginine condition and intratumoral Treg accumulation. Mechanistically, low arginine-activated T cells engage in metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming, using the ATF4-SLC7A11-GSH axis, to preserve their suppressive function. These findings improve our understanding of the role of arginine in human T cell biology with potential applications for immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zou
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenyao Guo
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Andreas V Hadjinicolaou
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK; Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XZ Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Xinghua Liang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cuiyu Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Du
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiran Yao
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Meng Xia
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK.
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3
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Pankhurst TE, Buick KH, Lange JL, Marshall AJ, Button KR, Palmer OR, Farrand KJ, Montgomerie I, Bird TW, Mason NC, Kuang J, Compton BJ, Comoletti D, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Painter GF, Hermans IF, Connor LM. MAIT cells activate dendritic cells to promote T FH cell differentiation and induce humoral immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112310. [PMID: 36989114 PMCID: PMC10045373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective immune responses against respiratory pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus, are initiated by the mucosal immune system. However, most licensed vaccines are administered parenterally and are largely ineffective at inducing mucosal immunity. The development of safe and effective mucosal vaccines has been hampered by the lack of a suitable mucosal adjuvant. In this study we explore a class of adjuvant that harnesses mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. We show evidence that intranasal immunization of MAIT cell agonists co-administered with protein, including the spike receptor binding domain from SARS-CoV-2 virus and hemagglutinin from influenza virus, induce protective humoral immunity and immunoglobulin A production. MAIT cell adjuvant activity is mediated by CD40L-dependent activation of dendritic cells and subsequent priming of T follicular helper cells. In summary, we show that MAIT cells are promising vaccine targets that can be utilized as cellular adjuvants in mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Pankhurst
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Kaitlin H Buick
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Joshua L Lange
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Kaileen R Button
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Olga R Palmer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn J Farrand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Montgomerie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W Bird
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ngarangi C Mason
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Kuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Davide Comoletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
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Engelen SE, Ververs FA, Markovska A, Lagerholm BC, Kraaijenhof JM, Yousif LI, Zurke YX, Gulersonmez CM, Kooijman S, Goddard M, van Eijkeren RJ, Jervis PJ, Besra GS, Haitjema S, Asselbergs FW, Kalkhoven E, Ploegh HL, Boes M, Cerundolo V, Hovingh GK, Salio M, Stigter EC, Rensen PC, Monaco C, Schipper HS. Lipoproteins act as vehicles for lipid antigen delivery and activation of invariant natural killer T-cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:158089. [PMID: 36976644 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells act at the interface between lipid metabolism and immunity, due to their restriction to lipid antigens presented on CD1d by antigen presenting cells (APC). How foreign lipid antigens are delivered to APC remains elusive. Since lipoproteins routinely bind glycosylceramides structurally similar to lipid antigens, we hypothesized that circulating lipoproteins form complexes with foreign lipid antigens. In this study, we used 2-color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to show, for the first time, stable complex formation of lipid antigens α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), Isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) and OCH, a sphingosine-truncated analogue of αGalCer, with very-low-density (VLDL) and/or low-density (LDL) lipoproteins in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate LDL receptor (LDLR)-mediated uptake of lipoprotein-αGalCer complexes by APCs, leading to potent complex-mediated activation of iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, LDLR-mutant PBMCs of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia showed impaired activation and proliferation of iNKT cells upon stimulation, underscoring the relevance of lipoproteins as a lipid antigen delivery system in humans. Taken together, circulating lipoproteins form complexes with lipid antigens to facilitate their transport and uptake by APCs, leading to enhanced iNKT cell activation. This study thereby reveals a novel mechanism of lipid antigen delivery to APCs, and provides further insight in the immunological capacities of circulating lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Engelen
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca A Ververs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Angela Markovska
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B Christoffer Lagerholm
- Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan M Kraaijenhof
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Ie Yousif
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Can Mc Gulersonmez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Goddard
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J van Eijkeren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Jervis
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, United Kingdom
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Departement of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Departement of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Ca Stigter
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cn Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Woodcock VK, Chen J, Purshouse K, Butcher C, Collins L, Haddon C, Verrall G, Elhussein L, Roberts C, Tarlton A, Rei M, Napolitani G, Salio M, Middleton MR, Cerundolo V, Crew J, Protheroe AS. PemBla: A Phase 1 study of intravesical pembrolizumab in recurrent non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. BJUI Compass 2023; 4:322-330. [PMID: 37025470 PMCID: PMC10071078 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the anti-PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab as a potential agent for use in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by conducting a Phase 1 safety run-in study to assess the safety and tolerability of intravesical pembrolizumab after transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). Patients and methods Eligible patients had recurrent NMIBC for which adjuvant treatment post TURBT was a reasonable treatment option, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0-1 and adequate end-organ function. Pembrolizumab was administered by intravesical instillation once weekly for a total of six doses. Intra-patient dose escalation was performed in three paired patient cohorts with doses starting at 50 mg and increasing through 100 mg to a maximum of 200 mg. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.03 with dose limiting toxicity (DLT) defined as a clinically significant, drug-related, Grade 4 haematological or Grade 3 or higher non-haematological toxicity occurring within 7 days of administration of the first treatment at a given dose for that patient. Results Six patients were treated with no DLTs seen during dose escalation. Drug-related AEs were of low grade and included dysuria and fatigue. All patients completed six doses of treatment as planned. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assays did not detect any pembrolizumab in the serum following repeated intravesical administration, and no changes in peripheral immune cell populations were observed. Conclusions Administration of intravesical pembrolizumab was well tolerated and did not raise any safety concerns in patients with NMIBC following TURBT. There was no evidence of systemic absorption or systemic immune effects following intravesical administration. Further studies are required to assess whether intravesical administration has anti-tumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Woodcock
- Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Ji‐Li Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Chrissie Butcher
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, Department of Oncology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Linda Collins
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, Department of Oncology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Caroline Haddon
- Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Leena Elhussein
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Corran Roberts
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Andrea Tarlton
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Margarida Rei
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Mark R. Middleton
- Department of Oncology Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Oxford UK
| | - Jeremy Crew
- Department of Urology Churchill Hospital Oxford UK
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Abstract
Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) exert potent antimicrobial activity through direct recognition of metabolite-MR1 complexes and indirect activation by inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, via licensing of antigen presenting cells, MAIT cells orchestrate humoral and cellular adaptive immunity. Our recent understanding of molecular mechanisms of MAIT cell activation, and of the signals required to differentiate them in polarised subsets, pave the way for harnessing their functionality through small molecules or adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- Immunocore LTD, 92 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, United Kingdom.
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7
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Ahern DJ, Ai Z, Ainsworth M, Allan C, Allcock A, Angus B, Ansari MA, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Aschenbrenner D, Attar M, Baillie JK, Barnes E, Bashford-Rogers R, Bashyal A, Beer S, Berridge G, Beveridge A, Bibi S, Bicanic T, Blackwell L, Bowness P, Brent A, Brown A, Broxholme J, Buck D, Burnham KL, Byrne H, Camara S, Candido Ferreira I, Charles P, Chen W, Chen YL, Chong A, Clutterbuck EA, Coles M, Conlon CP, Cornall R, Cribbs AP, Curion F, Davenport EE, Davidson N, Davis S, Dendrou CA, Dequaire J, Dib L, Docker J, Dold C, Dong T, Downes D, Drakesmith H, Dunachie SJ, Duncan DA, Eijsbouts C, Esnouf R, Espinosa A, Etherington R, Fairfax B, Fairhead R, Fang H, Fassih S, Felle S, Fernandez Mendoza M, Ferreira R, Fischer R, Foord T, Forrow A, Frater J, Fries A, Gallardo Sanchez V, Garner LC, Geeves C, Georgiou D, Godfrey L, Golubchik T, Gomez Vazquez M, Green A, Harper H, Harrington HA, Heilig R, Hester S, Hill J, Hinds C, Hird C, Ho LP, Hoekzema R, Hollis B, Hughes J, Hutton P, Jackson-Wood MA, Jainarayanan A, James-Bott A, Jansen K, Jeffery K, Jones E, Jostins L, Kerr G, Kim D, Klenerman P, Knight JC, Kumar V, Kumar Sharma P, Kurupati P, Kwok A, Lee A, Linder A, Lockett T, Lonie L, Lopopolo M, Lukoseviciute M, Luo J, Marinou S, Marsden B, Martinez J, Matthews PC, Mazurczyk M, McGowan S, McKechnie S, Mead A, Mentzer AJ, Mi Y, Monaco C, Montadon R, Napolitani G, Nassiri I, Novak A, O'Brien DP, O'Connor D, O'Donnell D, Ogg G, Overend L, Park I, Pavord I, Peng Y, Penkava F, Pereira Pinho M, Perez E, Pollard AJ, Powrie F, Psaila B, Quan TP, Repapi E, Revale S, Silva-Reyes L, Richard JB, Rich-Griffin C, Ritter T, Rollier CS, Rowland M, Ruehle F, Salio M, Sansom SN, Sanches Peres R, Santos Delgado A, Sauka-Spengler T, Schwessinger R, Scozzafava G, Screaton G, Seigal A, Semple MG, Sergeant M, Simoglou Karali C, Sims D, Skelly D, Slawinski H, Sobrinodiaz A, Sousos N, Stafford L, Stockdale L, Strickland M, Sumray O, Sun B, Taylor C, Taylor S, Taylor A, Thongjuea S, Thraves H, Todd JA, Tomic A, Tong O, Trebes A, Trzupek D, Tucci FA, Turtle L, Udalova I, Uhlig H, van Grinsven E, Vendrell I, Verheul M, Voda A, Wang G, Wang L, Wang D, Watkinson P, Watson R, Weinberger M, Whalley J, Witty L, Wray K, Xue L, Yeung HY, Yin Z, Young RK, Youngs J, Zhang P, Zurke YX. A blood atlas of COVID-19 defines hallmarks of disease severity and specificity. Cell 2022; 185:916-938.e58. [PMID: 35216673 PMCID: PMC8776501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of severe COVID-19 is currently limited by clinical heterogeneity and incomplete description of specific immune biomarkers. We present here a comprehensive multi-omic blood atlas for patients with varying COVID-19 severity in an integrated comparison with influenza and sepsis patients versus healthy volunteers. We identify immune signatures and correlates of host response. Hallmarks of disease severity involved cells, their inflammatory mediators and networks, including progenitor cells and specific myeloid and lymphocyte subsets, features of the immune repertoire, acute phase response, metabolism, and coagulation. Persisting immune activation involving AP-1/p38MAPK was a specific feature of COVID-19. The plasma proteome enabled sub-phenotyping into patient clusters, predictive of severity and outcome. Systems-based integrative analyses including tensor and matrix decomposition of all modalities revealed feature groupings linked with severity and specificity compared to influenza and sepsis. Our approach and blood atlas will support future drug development, clinical trial design, and personalized medicine approaches for COVID-19.
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8
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Kulicke CA, De Zan E, Hein Z, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Ghanwat S, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Klenerman P, Christianson JC, Springer S, Nijman SM, Cerundolo V, Salio M. The P5-type ATPase ATP13A1 modulates major histocompatibility complex I-related protein 1 (MR1)-mediated antigen presentation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101542. [PMID: 34968463 PMCID: PMC8808182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex-I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents small-molecule metabolites to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. The MR1-MAIT cell axis has been implicated in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, and recent studies have begun to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this specialized antigen presentation pathway. However, proteins regulating MR1 folding, loading, stability, and surface expression remain to be identified. Here, we performed a gene trap screen to discover novel modulators of MR1 surface expression through insertional mutagenesis of an MR1-overexpressing clone derived from the near-haploid human cell line HAP1 (HAP1.MR1). The most significant positive regulators identified included β2-microglobulin, a known regulator of MR1 surface expression, and ATP13A1, a P5-type ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) not previously known to be associated with MR1-mediated antigen presentation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ATP13A1 in both HAP1.MR1 and THP-1 cell lines revealed a profound reduction in MR1 protein levels and a concomitant functional defect specific to MR1-mediated antigen presentation. Collectively, these data are consistent with the ER-resident ATP13A1 being a key posttranscriptional determinant of MR1 surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Kulicke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Erica De Zan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zeynep Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Swapnil Ghanwat
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John C Christianson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Nijman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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9
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Louka E, Povinelli B, Rodriguez-Meira A, Buck G, Wen WX, Wang G, Sousos N, Ashley N, Hamblin A, Booth CAG, Roy A, Elliott N, Iskander D, de la Fuente J, Fordham N, O'Byrne S, Inglott S, Norfo R, Salio M, Thongjuea S, Rao A, Roberts I, Mead AJ. Heterogeneous disease-propagating stem cells in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211665. [PMID: 33416891 PMCID: PMC7802370 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a poor-prognosis childhood leukemia usually caused by RAS-pathway mutations. The cellular hierarchy in JMML is poorly characterized, including the identity of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). FACS and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal marked heterogeneity of JMML hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), including an aberrant Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA+ population. Single-cell HSPC index-sorting and clonogenic assays show that (1) all somatic mutations can be backtracked to the phenotypic HSC compartment, with RAS-pathway mutations as a “first hit,” (2) mutations are acquired with both linear and branching patterns of clonal evolution, and (3) mutant HSPCs are present after allogeneic HSC transplant before molecular/clinical evidence of relapse. Stem cell assays reveal interpatient heterogeneity of JMML LSCs, which are present in, but not confined to, the phenotypic HSC compartment. RNA sequencing of JMML LSC reveals up-regulation of stem cell and fetal genes (HLF, MEIS1, CNN3, VNN2, and HMGA2) and candidate therapeutic targets/biomarkers (MTOR, SLC2A1, and CD96), paving the way for LSC-directed disease monitoring and therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Louka
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Povinelli
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Meira
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma Buck
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Xiong Wen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikolaos Sousos
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Hamblin
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher A G Booth
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anindita Roy
- Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deena Iskander
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Josu de la Fuente
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Fordham
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sorcha O'Byrne
- Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Inglott
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ruggiero Norfo
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anupama Rao
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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10
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Klenerman P, Ogg G, Salio M. CD1-MR1 EMBO workshop: Beyond MHC-restricted lymphocytes, Oxford September 2019. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:170-171. [PMID: 33780684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Crump NT, Hadjinicolaou AV, Xia M, Walsby-Tickle J, Gileadi U, Chen JL, Setshedi M, Olsen LR, Lau IJ, Godfrey L, Quek L, Yu Z, Ballabio E, Barnkob MB, Napolitani G, Salio M, Koohy H, Kessler BM, Taylor S, Vyas P, McCullagh JSO, Milne TA, Cerundolo V. Chromatin accessibility governs the differential response of cancer and T cells to arginine starvation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109101. [PMID: 33979616 PMCID: PMC8131582 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depleting the microenvironment of important nutrients such as arginine is a key strategy for immune evasion by cancer cells. Many tumors overexpress arginase, but it is unclear how these cancers, but not T cells, tolerate arginine depletion. In this study, we show that tumor cells synthesize arginine from citrulline by upregulating argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1). Under arginine starvation, ASS1 transcription is induced by ATF4 and CEBPβ binding to an enhancer within ASS1. T cells cannot induce ASS1, despite the presence of active ATF4 and CEBPβ, as the gene is repressed. Arginine starvation drives global chromatin compaction and repressive histone methylation, which disrupts ATF4/CEBPβ binding and target gene transcription. We find that T cell activation is impaired in arginine-depleted conditions, with significant metabolic perturbation linked to incomplete chromatin remodeling and misregulation of key genes. Our results highlight a T cell behavior mediated by nutritional stress, exploited by cancer cells to enable pathological immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Andreas V Hadjinicolaou
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Meng Xia
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ji-Li Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mashiko Setshedi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Lars R Olsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - I-Jun Lau
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Laura Godfrey
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Lynn Quek
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SGDP Centre, Memory Lane, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Zhanru Yu
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Erica Ballabio
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mike B Barnkob
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Hashem Koohy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Stephen Taylor
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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12
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Frost JN, Tan TK, Abbas M, Wideman SK, Bonadonna M, Stoffel NU, Wray K, Kronsteiner B, Smits G, Campagna DR, Duarte TL, Lopes JM, Shah A, Armitage AE, Arezes J, Lim PJ, Preston AE, Ahern D, Teh M, Naylor C, Salio M, Gileadi U, Andrews SC, Dunachie SJ, Zimmermann MB, van der Klis FR, Cerundolo V, Bannard O, Draper SJ, Townsend AR, Galy B, Fleming MD, Lewis MC, Drakesmith H. Hepcidin-Mediated Hypoferremia Disrupts Immune Responses to Vaccination and Infection. Med 2021; 2:164-179.e12. [PMID: 33665641 PMCID: PMC7895906 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How specific nutrients influence adaptive immunity is of broad interest. Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide and imparts a significant burden of global disease; however, its effects on immunity remain unclear. METHODS We used a hepcidin mimetic and several genetic models to examine the effect of low iron availability on T cells in vitro and on immune responses to vaccines and viral infection in mice. We examined humoral immunity in human patients with raised hepcidin and low serum iron caused by mutant TMPRSS6. We tested the effect of iron supplementation on vaccination-induced humoral immunity in piglets, a natural model of iron deficiency. FINDINGS We show that low serum iron (hypoferremia), caused by increased hepcidin, severely impairs effector and memory responses to immunizations. The intensified metabolism of activated lymphocytes requires the support of enhanced iron acquisition, which is facilitated by IRP1/2 and TFRC. Accordingly, providing extra iron improved the response to vaccination in hypoferremic mice and piglets, while conversely, hypoferremic humans with chronically increased hepcidin have reduced concentrations of antibodies specific for certain pathogens. Imposing hypoferremia blunted the T cell, B cell, and neutralizing antibody responses to influenza virus infection in mice, allowing the virus to persist and exacerbating lung inflammation and morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Hypoferremia, a well-conserved physiological innate response to infection, can counteract the development of adaptive immunity. This nutrient trade-off is relevant for understanding and improving immune responses to infections and vaccines in the globally common contexts of iron deficiency and inflammatory disorders. FUNDING Medical Research Council, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe N. Frost
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Munawar Abbas
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah K. Wideman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Bonadonna
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole U. Stoffel
- ETH Zurich, Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Wray
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, and Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dean R. Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiago L. Duarte
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular & Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine (FMUP) and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Akshay Shah
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew E. Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - João Arezes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pei Jin Lim
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra E. Preston
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David Ahern
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Megan Teh
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Caitlin Naylor
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon C. Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, and Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael B. Zimmermann
- ETH Zurich, Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiona R.M. van der Klis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alain R.M. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruno Galy
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D. Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie C. Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Haematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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13
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McWilliam HEG, Salio M. Understanding and modulating the MR1 metabolite antigen presentation pathway. Mol Immunol 2020; 129:121-126. [PMID: 33293099 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I-related protein, MR1, presents small metabolite antigens to an unusual subset of innate-like T cells. Herein, we highlight recent progress in our understanding of MR1's unique antigen presenting pathway, with features of both MHC class I and class II antigen presentation, as highlighted during the EMBO Workshop: CD1-MR1, Beyond MHC-restricted lymphocytes, Oxford, 2019. There is increasing evidence for a role of MR1 restricted T cells in several immune contexts, from cancer to autoimmunity and infections, and therapeutic harnessing of this important biological axis through generation of agonist and antagonist MR1 ligands requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MR1-dependent antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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14
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Peng Y, Mentzer AJ, Liu G, Yao X, Yin Z, Dong D, Dejnirattisai W, Rostron T, Supasa P, Liu C, López-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Zhao Y, Stuart DI, Paesen GC, Grimes JM, Antson AA, Bayfield OW, Hawkins DEDP, Ker DS, Wang B, Turtle L, Subramaniam K, Thomson P, Zhang P, Dold C, Ratcliff J, Simmonds P, de Silva T, Sopp P, Wellington D, Rajapaksa U, Chen YL, Salio M, Napolitani G, Paes W, Borrow P, Kessler BM, Fry JW, Schwabe NF, Semple MG, Baillie JK, Moore SC, Openshaw PJM, Ansari MA, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Frater J, Kerr G, Goulder P, Lockett T, Levin R, Zhang Y, Jing R, Ho LP, Cornall RJ, Conlon CP, Klenerman P, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, McMichael A, Knight JC, Ogg G, Dong T. Broad and strong memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1336-1345. [PMID: 32887977 PMCID: PMC7611020 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 834] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and therapeutics will depend on understanding viral immunity. We studied T cell memory in 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19 (28 with mild disease and 14 with severe disease) and 16 unexposed donors, using interferon-γ-based assays with peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 except ORF1. The breadth and magnitude of T cell responses were significantly higher in severe as compared with mild cases. Total and spike-specific T cell responses correlated with spike-specific antibody responses. We identified 41 peptides containing CD4+ and/or CD8+ epitopes, including six immunodominant regions. Six optimized CD8+ epitopes were defined, with peptide-MHC pentamer-positive cells displaying the central and effector memory phenotype. In mild cases, higher proportions of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells were observed. The identification of T cell responses associated with milder disease will support an understanding of protective immunity and highlights the potential of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Guihai Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zixi Yin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danning Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Radiation Therapy, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Timothy Rostron
- Sequencing and Flow Cytometry Facility, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - César López-Camacho
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose Slon-Campos
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK
| | - Guido C Paesen
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK
| | - Alfred A Antson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Oliver W Bayfield
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Dorothy E D P Hawkins
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - De-Sheng Ker
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lance Turtle
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Krishanthi Subramaniam
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Thomson
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ping Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Ratcliff
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thushan de Silva
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Sopp
- Sequencing and Flow Cytometry Facility, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dannielle Wellington
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ushani Rajapaksa
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wayne Paes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Institute in The Park, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division of Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shona C Moore
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Azim Ansari
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Georgina Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Goulder
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lockett
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Yonghong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jing
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher P Conlon
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew McMichael
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Lee CH, Salio M, Napolitani G, Ogg G, Simmons A, Koohy H. Predicting Cross-Reactivity and Antigen Specificity of T Cell Receptors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565096. [PMID: 33193332 PMCID: PMC7642207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune recognition is mediated by specific interactions between heterodimeric T cell receptors (TCRs) and their cognate peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligands, and the methods to accurately predict TCR:pMHC interaction would have profound clinical, therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. Herein, we review recent developments in predicting cross-reactivity and antigen specificity of TCR recognition. We discuss current experimental and computational approaches to investigate cross-reactivity and antigen-specificity of TCRs and highlight how integrating kinetic, biophysical and structural features may offer valuable insights in modeling immunogenicity. We further underscore the close inter-relationship of these two interconnected notions and the need to investigate each in the light of the other for a better understanding of T cell responsiveness for the effective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe H. Lee
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hashem Koohy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Pinto-Fernandez A, Greenwood H, Salio M, Chen J, Partridge T, Vere G, Scott HC, Damianou A, Borrow P, Muschel R, Cerundolo V, Kessler BM. Abstract LB-080: USP18 modulates the ISGylome, immune signaling and sensitizes tumor cells to irradiation and CTL recognition. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-lb-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The innate immune response plays a critical role in modulating the efficacy of and mechanisms conferring resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in humans. A major negative regulator of the Interferon (IFN) stimulated gene (ISG) pathway, is the ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18). USP18 is the predominant human deubiquitylating enzyme that processes Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein that covalently modifies protein substrates, a tightly regulated process in the context of innate immunity. In this study, using advanced mass spectrometry and chemical biology tools, we defined the USP18 Interactome and ISG15ylome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-derived cells (HAP1) treated with Interferon alpha (IFNα). Novel ISG15ylation targets were characterized that reduce the sensing of innate ligands and secretion of cytokines. In addition, we show that USP18 deletion leads to enhanced ISG15ylation profiles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CML USP18-/- cells are more antigenic, leading to increased activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and are more susceptible to irradiation. Our results reinforce the role of USP18 as a key “brake” for inflammatory signals in tumor cells. As USP18 expression is upregulated in lung, breast and colon cancers, USP18 pharmacological inhibition may reflect a target opportunity in cancer immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Adan Pinto-Fernandez, Helene Greenwood, Mariolina Salio, Jianzhou Chen, Thomas Partridge, George Vere, Hannah C. Scott, Andreas Damianou, Persephone Borrow, Ruth Muschel, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Benedikt M. Kessler. USP18 modulates the ISGylome, immune signaling and sensitizes tumor cells to irradiation and CTL recognition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-080.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George Vere
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T lymphocytes that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial vitamin B metabolites presented by the highly conserved major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I like molecule, MR1. The vitamin B metabolites are produced by several commensal and pathogenic bacteria and yeast, but not viruses. Nevertheless, viral infections can trigger MAIT cell activation in a TCR-independent manner, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). MAIT cells belong to the innate like T family of cells with a memory phenotype, which allows them to rapidly release Interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and in some circumstances Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10, exerting an immunomodulatory role on the ensuing immune response, akin to iNKT cells and γδ T cells. Recent studies implicate MAIT cells in a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and in cancer. In addition, through the analysis of the transcriptome of MAIT cells activated in different experimental conditions, an important function in tissue repair and control of immune homeostasis has emerged, shared with other innate-like T cells. In this review, we discuss these recent findings, focussing on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning MAIT cell activation and effector function in health and disease, which ultimately will aid in clinically harnessing this unique, not donor-restricted cell subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ioannidis
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Peng Y, Mentzer AJ, Liu G, Yao X, Yin Z, Dong D, Dejnirattisai W, Rostron T, Supasa P, Liu C, Lopez-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Zhao Y, Stuart D, Paeson G, Grimes J, Antson F, Bayfield OW, Hawkins DE, Ker DS, Turtle L, Subramaniam K, Thomson P, Zhang P, Dold C, Ratcliff J, Simmonds P, de Silva T, Sopp P, Wellington D, Rajapaksa U, Chen YL, Salio M, Napolitani G, Paes W, Borrow P, Kessler B, Fry JW, Schwabe NF, Semple MG, Baillie KJ, Moore S, Openshaw PJ, Ansari A, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Frater J, Kerr G, Goulder P, Lockett T, Levin R, Cornall RJ, Conlon C, Klenerman P, McMichael A, Screaton G, Mongkolsapaya J, Knight JC, Ogg G, Dong T. Broad and strong memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent COVID-19 patients. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32577665 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.05.134551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an ongoing global crisis in which the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics will depend critically on understanding the natural immunity to the virus, including the role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. We have conducted a study of 42 patients following recovery from COVID-19, including 28 mild and 14 severe cases, comparing their T cell responses to those of 16 control donors. We assessed the immune memory of T cell responses using IFNγ based assays with overlapping peptides spanning SARS-CoV-2 apart from ORF1. We found the breadth, magnitude and frequency of memory T cell responses from COVID-19 were significantly higher in severe compared to mild COVID-19 cases, and this effect was most marked in response to spike, membrane, and ORF3a proteins. Total and spike-specific T cell responses correlated with the anti-Spike, anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) as well as anti-Nucleoprotein (NP) endpoint antibody titre (p<0.001, <0.001 and =0.002). We identified 39 separate peptides containing CD4 + and/or CD8 + epitopes, which strikingly included six immunodominant epitope clusters targeted by T cells in many donors, including 3 clusters in spike (recognised by 29%, 24%, 18% donors), two in the membrane protein (M, 32%, 47%) and one in the nucleoprotein (Np, 35%). CD8+ responses were further defined for their HLA restriction, including B*4001-restricted T cells showing central memory and effector memory phenotype. In mild cases, higher frequencies of multi-cytokine producing M- and NP-specific CD8 + T cells than spike-specific CD8 + T cells were observed. They furthermore showed a higher ratio of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + to CD4 + T cell responses. Immunodominant epitope clusters and peptides containing T cell epitopes identified in this study will provide critical tools to study the role of virus-specific T cells in control and resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The identification of T cell specificity and functionality associated with milder disease, highlights the potential importance of including non-spike proteins within future COVID-19 vaccine design.
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19
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Salio M, Awad W, Veerapen N, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Kulicke C, Waithe D, Martens AWJ, Lewinsohn DM, Hobrath JV, Cox LR, Rossjohn J, Besra GS, Cerundolo V. Ligand-dependent downregulation of MR1 cell surface expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10465-10475. [PMID: 32341160 PMCID: PMC7229755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003136117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigen-presenting molecule MR1 presents riboflavin-based metabolites to Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. While MR1 egress to the cell surface is ligand-dependent, the ability of small-molecule ligands to impact on MR1 cellular trafficking remains unknown. Arising from an in silico screen of the MR1 ligand-binding pocket, we identify one ligand, 3-([2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]formamido)propanoic acid, DB28, as well as an analog, methyl 3-([2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]formamido)propanoate, NV18.1, that down-regulate MR1 from the cell surface and retain MR1 molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in an immature form. DB28 and NV18.1 compete with the known MR1 ligands, 5-OP-RU and acetyl-6-FP, for MR1 binding and inhibit MR1-dependent MAIT cell activation. Crystal structures of the MAIT T cell receptor (TCR) complexed with MR1-DB28 and MR1-NV18.1, show that these two ligands reside within the A'-pocket of MR1. Neither ligand forms a Schiff base with MR1 molecules; both are nevertheless sequestered by a network of hydrophobic and polar contacts. Accordingly, we define a class of compounds that inhibits MR1 cellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
| | - Wael Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Kulicke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
- Research Department, Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Dominic Waithe
- MRC Centre for Computational Biology, The Wolfson Imaging Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Anne W J Martens
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
- Research Department, Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Judith V Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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20
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Chen YL, Gomes T, Hardman CS, Vieira Braga FA, Gutowska-Owsiak D, Salimi M, Gray N, Duncan DA, Reynolds G, Johnson D, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Barlow JL, McKenzie AN, Teichmann SA, Haniffa M, Ogg G. Re-evaluation of human BDCA-2+ DC during acute sterile skin inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190811. [PMID: 31845972 PMCID: PMC7062525 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferon (IFN-I) and are traditionally defined as being BDCA-2+CD123+. pDCs are not readily detectable in healthy human skin, but have been suggested to accumulate in wounds. Here, we describe a CD1a-bearing BDCA-2+CD123int DC subset that rapidly infiltrates human skin wounds and comprises a major DC population. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that these cells are largely activated DCs acquiring features compatible with lymph node homing and antigen presentation, but unexpectedly express both BDCA-2 and CD123, potentially mimicking pDCs. Furthermore, a third BDCA-2-expressing population, Axl+Siglec-6+ DCs (ASDC), was also found to infiltrate human skin during wounding. These data demonstrate early skin infiltration of a previously unrecognized CD123intBDCA-2+CD1a+ DC subset during acute sterile inflammation, and prompt a re-evaluation of previously ascribed pDC involvement in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Gomes
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare S. Hardman
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felipe A. Vieira Braga
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicki Gray
- Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David A. Duncan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Dermatology and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Lange J, Anderson RJ, Marshall AJ, Chan STS, Bilbrough TS, Gasser O, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Hermans IF, Painter GF. The Chemical Synthesis, Stability, and Activity of MAIT Cell Prodrug Agonists That Access MR1 in Recycling Endosomes. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:437-445. [PMID: 31909966 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antibacterial effector T cells that react to pyrimidines derived from bacterial riboflavin synthesis presented by the monomorphic molecule MR1. A major challenge in MAIT cell research is that the commonly used MAIT agonist precursor, 5-amino-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU), is labile to autoxidation, resulting in a loss of biological activity. Here, we characterize two independent autoxidation processes by LCMS. To overcome the marked instability, we report the synthesis of a 5-A-RU prodrug generated by modification of the 5-amino group with a cleavable valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyl carbamate. The compound is stable in prodrug form, with the parent amine (i.e., 5-A-RU) released only after enzymatic cleavage. Analysis of the prodrug in vitro and in vivo showed an enhanced MAIT cell activation profile compared to 5-A-RU, which was associated with preferential loading within recycling endosomes, a route used by some natural agonists. This prodrug design therefore overcomes the difficulties associated with 5-A-RU in biological studies and provides an opportunity to explore different presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lange
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Regan J Anderson
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Susanna T S Chan
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Timothy S Bilbrough
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland , New Zealand
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22
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Salio M, Cerundolo V. Interactions Between MAIT Cells and Dendritic Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2098:125-139. [PMID: 31792819 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0207-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize intermediates of the vitamin B2 biosynthetic pathway present in a variety of bacteria, presented by the monomorphic MR1 molecules. Because of their central role in shaping adaptive immunity through interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells, their manipulation can be of translational relevance. We describe a method to routinely isolate and maintain MAIT cells from peripheral blood and to investigate their activity using DC as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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23
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Bedard M, Shrestha D, Priestman DA, Wang Y, Schneider F, Matute JD, Iyer SS, Gileadi U, Prota G, Kandasamy M, Veerapen N, Besra G, Fritzsche M, Zeissig S, Shevchenko A, Christianson JC, Platt FM, Eggeling C, Blumberg RS, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Sterile activation of invariant natural killer T cells by ER-stressed antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23671-23681. [PMID: 31690657 PMCID: PMC6876220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910097116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have the unique ability to shape immunity during antitumor immune responses and other forms of sterile and nonsterile inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a variety of classes of endogenous and pathogen-derived lipid antigens that can trigger iNKT cell activation under sterile and nonsterile conditions. However, the context and mechanisms that drive the presentation of self-lipid antigens in sterile inflammation remain unclear. Here we report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stressed myeloid cells, via signaling events modulated by the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway, increase CD1d-mediated presentation of immunogenic endogenous lipid species, which results in enhanced iNKT cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate that actin cytoskeletal reorganization during ER stress results in an altered distribution of CD1d on the cell surface, which contributes to enhanced iNKT cell activation. These results define a previously unidentified mechanism that controls iNKT cell activation during sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuting Wang
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Prota
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matheswaran Kandasamy
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Egdbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Egdbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - John C Christianson
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technologies e.V., 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom;
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24
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Lau K, Flandes J, Christensen M, Bezzi M, Lamprecht B, Salio M, Vergnon J, Studnicka M, Trigiani M, Fernandez I, Kropfmüller R, Barisione E, Viby NE, Khandhar S, Folch E. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy in the European cohort of the prospective, multicenter NAVIGATE study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Napolitani G, Kurupati P, Teng KWW, Gibani MM, Rei M, Aulicino A, Preciado-Llanes L, Wong MT, Becht E, Howson L, de Haas P, Salio M, Blohmke CJ, Olsen LR, Pinto DMS, Scifo L, Jones C, Dobinson H, Campbell D, Juel HB, Thomaides-Brears H, Pickard D, Bumann D, Baker S, Dougan G, Simmons A, Gordon MA, Newell EW, Pollard AJ, Cerundolo V. Publisher Correction: Clonal analysis of Salmonella-specific effector T cells reveals serovar-specific and cross-reactive T cell responses. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:514. [PMID: 30862955 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, the first affiliation lacked 'MRC'; the correct name of the institution is 'MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine'. Two designations (SP110Y and ST110H) were incorrect in the legend to Fig. 6f,h,i. The correct text is as follows: for panel f, "...loaded with either the CdtB(105-125)SP110Y (DRB4*SP110Y) or the CdtB(105-125)ST110H (DRB4*ST110H) peptide variants..."; for panel h, "...decorated by the DRB4*SP110Y tetramer (lower-right quadrant), the DRB4*ST110H (upper-left quadrant)..."; and for panel i, "...stained ex vivo with DRB4*SP110Y, DRB4*ST110H...". In Fig. 8e, the final six residues (LTEAFF) of the sequence in the far right column of the third row of the table were missing; the correct sequence is 'CASSYRRTPPLTEAFF'. In the legend to Fig. 8d, a designation (HLyE) was incorrect; the correct text is as follows: "(HlyE?)." Portions of the Acknowledgements section were incorrect; the correct text is as follows: "This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) (MR/K021222/1) (G.N., M.A.G., A.S., V.C., A.J.P.),...the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (A.J.P., V.C.),...and core funding from the Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) (E.W.N.) and the SIgN immunomonitoring platform (E.W.N.)." Finally, a parenthetical element was phrased incorrectly in the final paragraph of the Methods subsection "T cell cloning and live fluorescence barcoding"; the correct phrasing is as follows: "...(which in all cases included HlyE, CdtB, Ty21a, Quailes, NVGH308, and LT2 strains and in volunteers T5 and T6 included PhoN)...". Also, in Figs. 3c and 4a, the right outlines of the plots were not visible; in the legend to Fig. 3, panel letter 'f' was not bold; and in Fig. 8f, 'ND' should be aligned directly beneath DRB4 in the key and 'ND' should be removed from the diagram at right, and the legend should be revised accordingly as follows: "...colors indicate the HLA class II restriction (gray indicates clones for which restriction was not determined (ND)). Clonotypes are grouped on the basis of pathogen selectivity (continuous line), protein specificity (dashed line) and epitope specificity; for ten HlyE-specific clones (pixilated squares), the epitope specificity was not determined...". The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Prathiba Kurupati
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Wei Weng Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malick M Gibani
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Margarida Rei
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Aulicino
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorena Preciado-Llanes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Thomas Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lauren Howson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paola de Haas
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christoph J Blohmke
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Laura Scifo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Jones
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Hazel Dobinson
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle Campbell
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene B Juel
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Thomaides-Brears
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dirk Bumann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Baker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Evan William Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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26
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Woodcock VK, Purshouse K, Butcher C, Haddon C, Verrall G, Elhussein L, Salio M, Middleton MR, Cerundolo V, Crew J, Protheroe A. A phase I study to assess the safety and tolerability of intravesical pembrolizumab in recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
406 Background: Intravesical BCG has been the mainstay of therapy following TURBT for intermediate risk NMIBC for many years and is thought to act through activation of non-specific local immunity. With the recent success of checkpoint inhibitor treatment in metastatic bladder cancer, we sought to investigate the anti-PD1 inhibitor pembrolizumab as a potential agent for use in patients with intermediate risk NMIBC in a phase I/II study. The primary aim of the phase I safety run-in was to assess the safety and tolerability of intravesical pembrolizumab after TURBT in patients with intermediate risk NMIBC. Methods: Eligible patients had recurrent NMIBC for which adjuvant treatment post TURBT was a reasonable treatment option, ECOG PS 0-1 and adequate end organ function. Pembrolizumab was administered by intravesical instillation once weekly for a total of 6 doses. Intra-patient dose escalation was performed in three paired patient cohorts with doses starting at 50mg and increasing through 100mg to a maximum of 200mg. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed using CTCAE v4.03 with dose limiting toxicity (DLT) defined as a clinically significant, drug related, grade 4 haematological or ≥ grade 3 non-haematological toxicity occurring within 7 days of administration of the first treatment at a given dose for that patient. Results: In the first 4 patients treated, no DLTs were seen during dose escalation. Drug-related AEs included Grade 1 dysuria, fatigue and nausea. Grade 1-2 urinary tract infections, Grade 1 cystitis and Grade 3 urosepsis (SAE) were observed but assessed as probably not related to pembrolizumab. Recruitment of a final cohort of two patients at repeated doses of 200mg is ongoing to confirm safety and tolerability of this dose. Conclusions: Administration of intravesical pembrolizumab was safe and well tolerated in patients with NMIBC following TURBT. A randomised, parallel group, phase II marker-lesion study to assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of either intravesical pembrolizumab or intravenous pembrolizumab in a larger cohort of patients with intermediate risk recurrent NMIBC is planned. Clinical trial information: NCT03167151.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Purshouse
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissie Butcher
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Haddon
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Verrall
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Elhussein
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Crew
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Protheroe
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Purshouse K, Woodcock V, Butcher C, Haddon C, Verrall G, Elhussein L, Salio M, Middleton M, Cerundolo V, Kwok J, Blagden S, Protheroe A, Crew J. A phase I study to assess the safety and tolerability of intravesical pembrolizumab in recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(19)30564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Bedard M, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Harnessing the Power of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1829. [PMID: 29326711 PMCID: PMC5741693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of innate-like lymphocytes bearing an invariant T-cell receptor, through which they recognize lipid antigens presented by monomorphic CD1d molecules. Upon activation, iNKT cells are capable of not only having a direct effector function but also transactivating NK cells, maturing dendritic cells, and activating B cells, through secretion of several cytokines and cognate TCR-CD1d interaction. Endowed with the ability to orchestrate an all-encompassing immune response, iNKT cells are critical in shaping immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. In this review, we examine the critical role of iNKT cells in antitumor responses from two perspectives: (i) how iNKT cells potentiate antitumor immunity and (ii) how CD1d+ tumor cells may modulate their own expression of CD1d molecules. We further explore hypotheses to explain iNKT cell activation in the context of cancer and how the antitumor effects of iNKT cells can be exploited in different forms of cancer immunotherapy, including their role in the development of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Salio M, Gasser O, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Martens A, Veerapen N, Gileadi U, Verter JG, Napolitani G, Anderson R, Painter G, Besra GS, Hermans IF, Cerundolo V. Activation of Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Induces CD40L-Dependent Maturation of Monocyte-Derived and Primary Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2017; 199:2631-2638. [PMID: 28877992 PMCID: PMC5632842 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T cells that recognize intermediates of the vitamin B2 biosynthetic pathway presented by the monomorphic MR1 molecule. It remains unclear whether, in addition to their cytolytic activity that is important in antimicrobial defense, MAIT cells have immune-modulatory functions that could enhance dendritic cell (DC) maturation. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms dictating the interactions between human MAIT cells and DCs and demonstrate that human MAIT cells mature monocyte-derived and primary DCs in an MR1- and CD40L-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that MAIT cell–derived signals synergize with microbial stimuli to induce secretion of bioactive IL-12 by DCs. Activation of human MAIT cells in whole blood leads to MR1- and cytokine-dependent NK cell transactivation. Our results underscore an important property of MAIT cells, which can be of translational relevance to rapidly orchestrate adaptive immunity through DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Martens
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B11 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob G Verter
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Anderson
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand; and
| | - Gavin Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand; and
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B11 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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30
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Kamaladasa A, Wickramasinghe N, Adikari TN, Gomes L, Shyamali NLA, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Expansion of highly activated invariant natural killer T cells with altered phenotype in acute dengue infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:228-38. [PMID: 26874822 PMCID: PMC4954999 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are capable of rapid activation and production of cytokines upon recognition of antigenic lipids presented by CD1d molecules. They have been shown to play a significant role in many viral infections and were observed to be highly activated in patients with acute dengue infection. In order to characterize further their role in dengue infection, we investigated the proportion of iNKT cells and their phenotype in adult patients with acute dengue infection. The functionality of iNKT cells in patients was investigated by both interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 ex-vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays following stimulation with alpha-galactosyl-ceramide (αGalCer). We found that circulating iNKT cell proportions were significantly higher (P = 0·03) in patients with acute dengue when compared to healthy individuals and were predominantly of the CD4(+) subset. iNKT cells of patients with acute dengue had reduced proportions expressing CD8α and CD161 when compared to healthy individuals. The iNKT cells of patients were highly activated and iNKT activation correlated significantly with dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody levels. iNKT cells expressing Bcl-6 (P = 0·0003) and both Bcl-6 and inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) (P = 0·006) were increased significantly in patients when compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, our data suggest that in acute dengue infection there is an expansion of highly activated CD4(+) iNKT cells, with reduced expression of CD161 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamaladasa
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Sri Lanka
| | - N Wickramasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Sri Lanka
| | - T N Adikari
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Sri Lanka
| | - L Gomes
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Sri Lanka
| | - N L A Shyamali
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Sri Lanka
| | - M Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - V Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - G Neelika Malavige
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayawardanapura, Sri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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31
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Jarrett R, Salio M, Lloyd-Lavery A, Subramaniam S, Bourgeois E, Archer C, Cheung KL, Hardman C, Chandler D, Salimi M, Gutowska-Owsiak D, de la Serna JB, Fallon PG, Jolin H, Mckenzie A, Dziembowski A, Podobas EI, Bal W, Johnson D, Moody DB, Cerundolo V, Ogg G. Filaggrin inhibits generation of CD1a neolipid antigens by house dust mite-derived phospholipase. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:325ra18. [PMID: 26865566 PMCID: PMC4872823 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common pruritic skin disease in which barrier dysfunction and cutaneous inflammation contribute to pathogenesis. Mechanisms underlying the associated inflammation are not fully understood, and although Langerhans cells expressing the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) family member CD1a are known to be enriched within lesions, their role in clinical disease pathogenesis has not been studied. We observed that house dust mite (HDM) allergen generates neolipid antigens presented by CD1a to T cells in the blood and skin lesions of affected individuals. HDM-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells increased in frequency after birth in individuals with atopic dermatitis and showed rapid effector function, consistent with antigen-driven maturation. In HDM-challenged human skin, we observed phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in vivo. CD1a-reactive T cell activation was dependent on HDM-derived PLA2, and such cells infiltrated the skin after allergen challenge. Moreover, we observed that the skin barrier protein filaggrin, insufficiency of which is associated with atopic skin disease, inhibited PLA2 activity and decreased CD1a-reactive PLA2-generated neolipid-specific T cell activity from skin and blood. The most widely used classification schemes of hypersensitivity suggest that nonpeptide stimulants of T cells act as haptens that modify peptides or proteins; however, our results show that HDM proteins may also generate neolipid antigens that directly activate T cells. These data define PLA2 inhibition as a function of filaggrin, supporting PLA2 inhibition as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Jarrett
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Antonia Lloyd-Lavery
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sumithra Subramaniam
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Elvire Bourgeois
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Charles Archer
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ka Lun Cheung
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David Chandler
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Childrens Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Jolin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Izabela Podobas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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Torreno-Pina JA, Manzo C, Salio M, Aichinger MC, Oddone A, Lakadamyali M, Shepherd D, Besra GS, Cerundolo V, Garcia-Parajo MF. The actin cytoskeleton modulates the activation of iNKT cells by segregating CD1d nanoclusters on antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E772-81. [PMID: 26798067 PMCID: PMC4760795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514530113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize endogenous and exogenous lipid antigens presented in the context of CD1d molecules. The ability of iNKT cells to recognize endogenous antigens represents a distinct immune recognition strategy, which underscores the constitutive memory phenotype of iNKT cells and their activation during inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanisms regulating such "tonic" activation of iNKT cells remain unclear. Here, we show that the spatiotemporal distribution of CD1d molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) modulates activation of iNKT cells. By using superresolution microscopy, we show that CD1d molecules form nanoclusters at the cell surface of APCs, and their size and density are constrained by the actin cytoskeleton. Dual-color single-particle tracking revealed that diffusing CD1d nanoclusters are actively arrested by the actin cytoskeleton, preventing their further coalescence. Formation of larger nanoclusters occurs in the absence of interactions between CD1d cytosolic tail and the actin cytoskeleton and correlates with enhanced iNKT cell activation. Importantly and consistently with iNKT cell activation during inflammatory conditions, exposure of APCs to the Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist R848 increases nanocluster density and iNKT cell activation. Overall, these results define a previously unidentified mechanism that modulates iNKT cell autoreactivity based on the tight control by the APC cytoskeleton of the sizes and densities of endogenous antigen-loaded CD1d nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Torreno-Pina
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Aichinger
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Oddone
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dawn Shepherd
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B11 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Subramaniam S, Aslam A, Misbah SA, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Moody DB, Ogg G. Elevated and cross-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells in bee and wasp venom allergic individuals. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:242-52. [PMID: 26518614 PMCID: PMC4738458 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of CD1a-reactive T cells in human allergic disease is unknown. We have previously shown that circulating CD1a-reactive T cells recognize neolipid antigens generated by bee and wasp venom phospholipase, and here tested the hypothesis that venom-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells associate with venom allergy. Circulating T cells from bee and wasp venom allergic individuals, before and during immunotherapy, were exposed to CD1a-transfected K562 cells in the presence of wasp or bee venom. T-cell response was evaluated based on IFNγ, GM-CSF, and IL-13 cytokine production. Venom allergic individuals showed significantly higher frequencies of IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and IL-13 producing CD1a-reactive T cells responsive to venom and venom-derived phospholipase than healthy individuals. Venom-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells were cross-responsive between wasp and bee suggesting shared pathways of allergenicity. Frequencies of CD1a-reactive T cells were initially induced during subcutaneous immunotherapy, peaking by weeks 5, but then reduced despite escalation of antigen dose. Our current understanding of venom allergy and immunotherapy is largely based on peptide and protein-specific T cell and antibody responses. Here, we show that lipid antigens and CD1a-reactive T cells associate with the allergic response. These data have implications for mechanisms of allergy and approaches to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Subramaniam
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford, NIHR Biomedical Research CentreOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Aamir Aslam
- Section of Musculoskeletal DiseaseUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Siraj A. Misbah
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyOxford University Hospitals NHS TrustOxfordUK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford, NIHR Biomedical Research CentreOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford, NIHR Biomedical Research CentreOxfordEnglandUK
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of RheumatologyImmunology and AllergyDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford, NIHR Biomedical Research CentreOxfordEnglandUK
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Salio M, Cerundolo V. Regulation of Lipid Specific and Vitamin Specific Non-MHC Restricted T Cells by Antigen Presenting Cells and Their Therapeutic Potentials. Front Immunol 2015; 6:388. [PMID: 26284072 PMCID: PMC4517378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since initial reports, more than 25 years ago, that T cells recognize lipids in the context on non-polymorphic CD1 molecules, our understanding of antigen presentation to non-peptide-specific T cell populations has deepened. It is now clear that αβ T cells bearing semi-invariant T cell receptor, as well as subsets of γδ T cells, recognize a variety of self and non-self lipids and contribute to shaping immune responses via cross talk with dendritic cells and B cells. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that small molecules derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway (vitamin B2) bind monomorphic MR1 molecules and activate mucosal-associated invariant T cells, another population of semi-invariant T cells. Novel insights in the biological relevance of non-peptide-specific T cells have emerged with the development of tetrameric CD1 and MR1 molecules, which has allowed accurate enumeration and functional analysis of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells in humans and discovery of novel populations of semi-invariant T cells. The phenotype and function of non-peptide-specific T cells will be discussed in the context of the known distribution of CD1 and MR1 molecules by different subsets of antigen-presenting cells at steady state and following infection. Concurrent modulation of CD1 transcription and lipid biosynthetic pathways upon TLR stimulation, coupled with efficient lipid antigen processing, result in the increased cell surface expression of antigenic CD1-lipid complexes. Similarly, MR1 expression is almost undetectable in resting APC and it is upregulated following bacterial infection, likely due to stabilization of MR1 molecules by microbial antigens. The tight regulation of CD1 and MR1 expression at steady state and during infection may represent an important mechanism to limit autoreactivity, while promoting T cell responses to foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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35
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Howson LJ, Salio M, Cerundolo V. MR1-Restricted Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells and Their Activation during Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:303. [PMID: 26136743 PMCID: PMC4468870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize vitamin B metabolites, which are generated by a broad range of bacteria, from Escherichia coli to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG. MAIT cells have been described as innate sensors of infection as they accumulate early in infected tissues. MAIT cells maintain an activated phenotype throughout the course of infections, secrete inflammatory cytokines, and have the potential to directly kill infected cells, playing an important role in shaping the host response. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that underline MAIT cells activation in sterile and non-sterile inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Howson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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36
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McEwen-Smith RM, Salio M, Cerundolo V. CD1d-dependent endogenous and exogenous lipid antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 34:116-25. [PMID: 25805574 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize endogenous and exogenous lipids in the context of CD1d molecules, and through the activation and maturation of dendritic cells and B cells, can significantly enhance priming of antigen-specific T and B cell responses. Recent findings have provided important insights into the recognition of several novel endogenous lipids by iNKT cells, and into the mechanisms controlling their generation and loading onto CD1d molecules. In this review we discuss these latest findings and describe the role of autophagy in iNKT cell development and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna M McEwen-Smith
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique population of T lymphocytes, which lie at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and are important mediators of immune responses and tumor surveillance. iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens in a CD1d-dependent manner; their subsequent activation results in a rapid and specific downstream response, which enhances both innate and adaptive immunity. The capacity of iNKT cells to modify the immune microenvironment influences the ability of the host to control tumor growth, making them an important population to be harnessed in the clinic for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Indeed, the identification of strong iNKT-cell agonists, such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and its analogues, has led to the development of synthetic lipids that have shown potential in vaccination and treatment against cancers. In this Masters of Immunology article, we discuss these latest findings and summarize the major discoveries in iNKT-cell biology, which have enabled the design of potent strategies for immune-mediated tumor destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna M McEwen-Smith
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Nair et al describe a new population of type II natural killer T (NKT) cells with follicular helper phenotype (TFH), which is more abundant in patients and mice with Gaucher disease (GD) and is capable of regulating B-cell activity.
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Bourgeois EA, Subramaniam S, Cheng TY, De Jong A, Layre E, Ly D, Salimi M, Legaspi A, Modlin RL, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Moody DB, Ogg G. Bee venom processes human skin lipids for presentation by CD1a. J Exp Med 2015; 212:149-63. [PMID: 25584012 PMCID: PMC4322046 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms frequently co-opt host immune responses, so study of their mode of action can provide insight into novel inflammatory pathways. Using bee and wasp venom responses as a model system, we investigated whether venoms contain CD1-presented antigens. Here, we show that venoms activate human T cells via CD1a proteins. Whereas CD1 proteins typically present lipids, chromatographic separation of venoms unexpectedly showed that stimulatory factors partition into protein-containing fractions. This finding was explained by demonstrating that bee venom-derived phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activates T cells through generation of small neoantigens, such as free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, from common phosphodiacylglycerides. Patient studies showed that injected PLA2 generates lysophospholipids within human skin in vivo, and polyclonal T cell responses are dependent on CD1a protein and PLA2. These findings support a previously unknown skin immune response based on T cell recognition of CD1a proteins and lipid neoantigen generated in vivo by phospholipases. The findings have implications for skin barrier sensing by T cells and mechanisms underlying phospholipase-dependent inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire A Bourgeois
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Sumithra Subramaniam
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Annemieke De Jong
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Emilie Layre
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Dalam Ly
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - Annaliza Legaspi
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, England, UK
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Kelly C, Swadling L, Brown A, Capone S, Folgori A, Salio M, Klenerman P, Barnes E. Cross-reactivity of hepatitis C virus specific vaccine-induced T cells at immunodominant epitopes. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:309-16. [PMID: 25263407 PMCID: PMC4784727 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral diversity is a challenge to the development of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine. Following vaccination of humans with adenoviral vectors, we determined the capacity of T cells to target common viral variants at immundominant epitopes ex vivo. We identified two major variants for epitopes NS31073 and NS31446, and multiple variants for epitope NS31406 that occurred in >5% of genotype 1 and 3 sequences at a population level. Cross‐reactivity of vaccine‐induced T cells was determined using variant peptides in IFN‐γ ELISPOT assays. Vaccine‐induced T cells targeted approximately 90% of NS31073 genotype 1 sequences and 50% of NS31446 genotype 1 and 3 sequences. For NS31406, 62% of subtype‐1b sequences were targeted. Next, we assessed whether an in vitro priming system, using dendritic cells and T cells from healthy donors, could identify a variant of NS31406 that was maximally cross‐reactive. In vitro priming assays showed that of those tested the NS31406 vaccine variant was the most immunogenic. T cells primed with genotype 1 variants from subtype 1a or 1b were broadly cross‐reactive with other variants from the same subtype. We conclude that immunization with candidate HCV adenoviral vaccines generates cross‐reactive T cells at immunodominant epitopes. The degree of cross‐reactivity varies between epitopes and may be HCV‐subtype specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christabel Kelly
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Facciolongo N, Piro R, Menzella F, Lusuardi M, Salio M, Agli LL, Patelli M. Training and practice in bronchoscopy a national survey in Italy. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2014; 79:128-33. [PMID: 24761531 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2013.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Bronchoscopy is performed in a variety of different settings in Italy. The surveys conducted so far have highlighted the heterogeneity of the procedures and the frequent inability to adhere to the guidelines. The aim of this survey was to analyse procedures, training, and opinions of Italian respiratory physicians performing interventional bronchology in the clinical practice. METHODS The study was conducted retrospectively on 300 pulmonologists. From January to June 2008, these were invited to participate in an email survey to be sent out monthly to each participant for four consecutive months. RESULTS Two hundred and one respiratory physicians took part in the study, most of whom (83.5%) work in either Pulmonology or Interventional Pulmonology Units. The year before the survey, 21.2% of the participants had performed fewer than 100 examinations, 42.3% 100 to 300, and 36.6% more than 300 bronchoscopies; 53.9% were familiar with the international guidelines on the topic. Among the responders, 34.1% had received less than 6 months training, 55.3% considered further training in rigid bronchoscopy, laser procedures and thoracoscopy, invaluable for their professional activity. Adequate training for transbronchial needle aspirates, was reported by 49.6% of respondents. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that interventional bronchoscopy procedures are regularly performed according to current recommendations by over half of the Italian Pulmonologists participating in our survey. The need for more comprehensive basic education and training was put forward by the majority of physicians.
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Abstract
Over the past 15 years, investigators have shown that T lymphocytes can recognize not only peptides in the context of MHC class I and class II molecules but also foreign and self-lipids in association with the nonclassical MHC class I-like molecules, CD1 proteins. In this review, we describe the most recent events in the field, with particular emphasis on (a) structural and functional aspects of lipid presentation by CD1 molecules, (b) the development of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and transcription factors required for their differentiation, (c) the ability of iNKT cells to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through their cross talk with lymphoid and myeloid cells, and (d) MR1-restricted and group I (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c)-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;
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Torreno-Pina JA, Aichinger M, Manzo C, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Garcia-Parajo MF. The Actin Cytoskeleton Controls the Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by Fine-Tuning CD1d Nanoscale Aggregation on Antigen Presenting Cells. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Porubsky S, Speak AO, Salio M, Jennemann R, Bonrouhi M, Zafarulla R, Singh Y, Dyson J, Luckow B, Lehuen A, Malle E, Müthing J, Platt FM, Cerundolo V, Gröne HJ. Globosides but not isoglobosides can impact the development of invariant NKT cells and their interaction with dendritic cells. J Immunol 2012; 189:3007-17. [PMID: 22875802 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of endogenous lipid Ag(s) on CD1d is required for the development of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) has been implicated as this endogenous selecting ligand and recently suggested to control overstimulation and deletion of iNKT cells in α-galactosidase A-deficient (αGalA(-/-)) mice (human Fabry disease), which accumulate isoglobosides and globosides. However, the presence and function of iGb3 in murine thymus remained controversial. In this study, we generate a globotrihexosylceramide (Gb3)-synthase-deficient (Gb3S(-/-)) mouse and show that in thymi of αGalA(-/-)/Gb3S(-/-) double-knockout mice, which store isoglobosides but no globosides, minute amounts of iGb3 can be detected by HPLC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that iGb3 deficiency does not only fail to impact selection of iNKT cells, in terms of frequency and absolute numbers, but also does not alter the distribution of the TCR CDR 3 of iNKT cells. Analyzing multiple gene-targeted mouse strains, we demonstrate that globoside, rather than iGb3, storage is the major cause for reduced iNKT cell frequencies and defective Ag presentation in αGalA(-/-) mice. Finally, we show that correction of globoside storage in αGalA(-/-) mice by crossing them with Gb3S(-/-) normalizes iNKT cell frequencies and dendritic cell (DC) function. We conclude that, although detectable in murine thymus in αGalA(-/-)/Gb3S(-/-) mice, iGb3 does not influence either the development of iNKT cells or their interaction with peripheral DCs. Moreover, in αGalA(-/-) mice, it is the Gb3 storage that is responsible for the decreased iNKT cell numbers and impeded Ag presentation on DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Porubsky
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Speak AO, Platt N, Salio M, te Vruchte D, Smith DA, Shepherd D, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Yanjanin NM, Simmons L, Imrie J, Wraith JE, Lachmann RH, Hartung R, Runz H, Mengel E, Beck M, Hendriksz CJ, Porter FD, Cerundolo V, Platt FM. Invariant natural killer T cells are not affected by lysosomal storage in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1886-92. [PMID: 22585405 PMCID: PMC3461304 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a specialised subset of T cells that are restricted to the MHC class I like molecule, CD1d. The ligands for iNKT cells are lipids, with the canonical superagonist being α-galactosylceramide, a non-mammalian glycosphingolipid. Trafficking of CD1d through the lysosome is required for the development of murine iNKT cells. Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by dysfunction in either of two lysosomal proteins, NPC1 or NPC2, resulting in the storage of multiple lipids, including glycosphingolipids. In the NPC1 mouse model, iNKT cells are virtually undetectable, which is likely due to the inability of CD1d to be loaded with the selecting ligand due to defective lysosomal function and/or CD1d trafficking. However, in this study we have found that in NPC1 patients iNKT cells are present at normal frequencies, with no phenotypic or functional differences. In addi-tion, antigen-presenting cells derived from NPC1 patients are functionally competent to present several different CD1d/iNKT-cell ligands. This further supports the hypothesis that there are different trafficking requirements for the development of murine and human iNKT cells, and a functional lysosomal/late-endosomal compartment is not required for human iNKT-cell development.
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Stinchcombe JC, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Pende D, Arico M, Griffiths GM. Centriole polarisation to the immunological synapse directs secretion from cytolytic cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. BMC Biol 2011; 9:45. [PMID: 21711522 PMCID: PMC3149597 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-9-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytolytic cells of the immune system destroy pathogen-infected cells by polarised exocytosis of secretory lysosomes containing the pore-forming protein perforin. Precise delivery of this lethal hit is essential to ensuring that only the target cell is destroyed. In cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), this is accomplished by an unusual movement of the centrosome to contact the plasma membrane at the centre of the immunological synapse formed between killer and target cells. Secretory lysosomes are directed towards the centrosome along microtubules and delivered precisely to the point of target cell recognition within the immunological synapse, identified by the centrosome. We asked whether this mechanism of directing secretory lysosome release is unique to CTL or whether natural killer (NK) and invariant NKT (iNKT) cytolytic cells of the innate immune system use a similar mechanism to focus perforin-bearing lysosome release. Results NK cells were conjugated with B-cell targets lacking major histocompatibility complex class I 721.221 cells, and iNKT cells were conjugated with glycolipid-pulsed CD1-bearing targets, then prepared for thin-section electron microscopy. High-resolution electron micrographs of the immunological synapse formed between NK and iNKT cytolytic cells with their targets revealed that in both NK and iNKT cells, the centrioles could be found associated (or 'docked') with the plasma membrane within the immunological synapse. Secretory clefts were visible within the synapses formed by both NK and iNKT cells, and secretory lysosomes were polarised along microtubules leading towards the docked centrosome. The Golgi apparatus and recycling endosomes were also polarised towards the centrosome at the plasma membrane within the synapse. Conclusions These results reveal that, like CTLs of the adaptive immune system, the centrosomes of NK and iNKT cells (cytolytic cells of the innate immune system) direct secretory lysosomes to the immunological synapse. Morphologically, the overall structure of the immunological synapses formed by NK and iNKT cells are very similar to those formed by CTLs, with both exocytic and endocytic organelles polarised towards the centrosome at the plasma membrane, which forms a focal point for exocytosis and endocytosis within the immunological synapse. We conclude that centrosomal polarisation provides a rapid, responsive and precise mechanism for secretory lysosome delivery to the immunological synapse in CTLs, NK cells and iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Milani GF, Simonassi C, Salio M. Palliative therapy. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2011; 75:72-7. [PMID: 21626999 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2011.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G F Milani
- SOC di Pneumologia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Az ULSS 18 Rovigo, Italy
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Bozna BL, Polzella P, Rankl C, Zhu R, Salio M, Shepherd D, Duman M, Cerundolo V, Hinterdorfer P. Binding strength and dynamics of invariant natural killer cell T cell receptor/CD1d-glycosphingolipid interaction on living cells by single molecule force spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15973-9. [PMID: 21454514 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a population of T lymphocytes that play an important role in regulating immunity to infection and tumors by recognizing endogenous and exogenous CD1d-bound lipid molecules. Using soluble iNKT T cell receptor (TCR) molecules, we applied single molecule force spectroscopy for the investigation of the iNKT TCR affinity for human CD1d molecules loaded with glycolipids differing in the length of the phytosphingosine chain using either recombinant CD1d molecules or lipid-pulsed THP1 cells. In both settings, the dissociation of the iNKT TCR from human CD1d molecules loaded with the lipid containing the longer phytosphingosine chain required higher unbinding forces compared with the shorter phytosphingosine lipid. Our findings are discussed in the context of previous results obtained by surface plasmon resonance measurements. We present new insights into the energy landscape and the kinetic rate constants of the iNKT TCR/human CD1d-glycosphingolipid interaction and emphasize the unique potential of single molecule force spectroscopy on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L Bozna
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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Veerapen N, Reddington F, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Besra GS. Synthesis of truncated analogues of the iNKT cell agonist, α-galactosyl ceramide (KRN7000), and their biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:221-8. [PMID: 21145749 PMCID: PMC3052434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of iNKT cells by α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer), also known as KRN7000, and its truncated analogue OCH induces both Th1- and Th2-cytokines, with OCH inducing a Th2-cytokine bias. Skewing of the iNKT cells’ response towards either a Th1- or Th2-cytokine profile offers potential therapeutic benefits. The length of both the acyl and the sphingosine chains in α-galactosyl ceramides is known to influence the cytokine release profile. We have synthesized analogues of α-GalCer with truncated sphingosine chains for biological evaluation, with particular emphasis on the Th1/Th2 distribution. Starting from a common precursor, d-lyxose, the sphingosine derivatives were synthesised via a straightforward Wittig condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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De Santo C, Arscott R, Booth S, Karydis I, Jones M, Asher R, Salio M, Middleton M, Cerundolo V. Invariant NKT cells modulate the suppressive activity of IL-10-secreting neutrophils differentiated with serum amyloid A. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:1039-46. [PMID: 20890286 PMCID: PMC3001335 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary effector cells during inflammation, but can also control excessive inflammatory responses by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms modulating their plasticity remain unclear. We now show that systemic serum amyloid A-1 (SAA-1) controls the plasticity of neutrophil differentiation. SAA-1 not only induced anti-inflammatory IL-10-secreting neutrophils but also promoted invariant NKT (iNKT) cell interaction with these neutrophils, a process that limits their suppressive activity by reducing IL-10 and enhancing IL-12 production. Because SAA-1-producing melanomas promote differentiation of IL-10-secreting neutrophils, harnessing iNKT cells could be useful therapeutically by reducing the frequency of immunosuppressive neutrophils and restoring tumor specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Santo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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