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Ohba M, Scarazzato T, Espinosa D, Panossian Z. Study of metal electrodeposition by means of simulated and experimental polarization curves: Zinc deposition on steel electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Son ES, Kyung SY, Lee SP, Jeong SH, Shin JY, Ohba M, Yeo EJ, Park JW. Role of protein kinase C-η in cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis in MRC-5-cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:869-77. [PMID: 25504686 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114561343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for emphysema, which causes cell death in structural cells of the lung by mechanisms that are still not completely understood. We demonstrated previously that CS extract (CSE) induces caspase activation in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts, activated protein kinase C-η (PKC-η), and translocated PKC-η from the cytosol to the membrane. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of PKC-η activation in a CSE-induced extrinsic apoptotic pathway. We determined that CSE increases expression of caspase 3 and 8 cleavage in MRC-5 cells and overexpression of PKC-η significantly increased expression of caspase 3 and 8 cleavage compared with control LacZ-infected cells. In contrast, dominant negative (dn) PKC-η inhibited apoptosis in MRC-5 cells exposed to CSE and decreased expression of caspase 3 and 8 compared with control cells. Exposure to 10% CSE for >8 h significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase release in PKC-η-infected cells compared with LacZ-infected cells. Additionally, PKC-η-infected cells had an increased number of Hoechst 33342 stained nuclei compared with LacZ-infected cells, while dn PKC-η-infected cells exhibited fewer morphological changes than LacZ-infected cells under phase-contrast microscopy. In conclusion, PKC-η activation plays a pro-apoptotic role in CSE-induced extrinsic apoptotic pathway in MRC-5 cells. These results suggest that modulation of PKC-η may be a useful tool for regulating the extrinsic apoptosis of MRC-5 cells by CSE and may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of CS-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Son
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kyung
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S P Lee
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Shin
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M Ohba
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E J Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Matsuda D, Ohshiro T, Ohba M, Jiang W, Hong B, Si S, Tomoda H. The molecular target of rubimaillin in the inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1317-20. [PMID: 19652367 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The naphthohydroquinone rubimaillin, which has an angular-type three cyclic skeleton and was isolated from the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, was found to inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in mouse macrophages and to selectively inhibit cholesteryl ester synthesis (IC(50): 18 microM). The metabolism of cholesterol from lysosomes to lipid droplets was inhibited by the compound with a similar IC(50) (45 microM). Moreover, rubimaillin inhibited acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT1) activity in ACAT1-expressing cells (IC(50): 80 microM). Thus, these data strongly suggest that rubimaillin inhibits macrophage ACAT activity in order to decrease cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis, leading to a reduction in the number of lipid droplets. Furthermore, rubimaillin was found to inhibit the ACAT2 isozyme in ACAT2-expressing cells (IC(50): 22 microM). We concluded that rubimaillin is a dual inhibitor of ACAT1 and ACAT2, but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sawada H, Oeda T, Yamamoto K, Kitagawa N, Mizuta E, Hosokawa R, Ohba M, Nishio R, Yamakawa K, Takeuchi H, Shimohama S, Takahashi R, Kawamura T. Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:174-82. [PMID: 19146639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigram for detection of Parkinson disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study with index test of MIBG scintigram and reference standard of U.K. Parkinson's Disease Brain Bank Criteria was performed in 403 patients. Ratio of cardiac-to-mediastinum MIBG accumulation was determined at 20 min (early H/M) and 4 h (late H/M). Area under the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity in detecting Parkinson disease were analyzed. Accuracy was analyzed in a subgroup of patients with disease duration of 3 years or less. RESULTS Area under the ROC curve was 0.89 using either early or late H/M as a diagnostic marker (95% CI 0.85-0.92 for early H/M and 0.86-0.93 for late H/M). Sensitivity and specificity were 81.3% (76.1-85.8%) and 85.0% (77.7-90.6%) for early H/M and 84.3% (79.3-88.4%) and 89.5% (83.01-94.1%) for late H/M. In the subgroup with duration of 3 years or less, the ROC curve area, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.86 (0.79-0.92), 76.0% (64.8-85.1%), and 83.9% (71.7-92.4%) for early H/M and 0.85 (0.78-0.92), 73.3% (61.9-82.9%), and 87.5% (75.9-94.8%) for late H/M. CONCLUSION Although diagnostic accuracy of cardiac MIBG scintigram is high, it is limited because of insufficient sensitivity in patients with short duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawada
- Clinical Research Center, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
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Ohba M, Aratake Y. Comparative study of the frequency and flagellar serotype flora ofBacillus thuringiensisin soils and silkworm-breeding environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ohba M. Bacillus thuringiensis populations naturally occurring on mulberry leaves: a possible source of the populations associated with silkworm-rearing insectaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Steinberg R, Harari O, Lidington E, Samarel A, Ohba M, Haskard D, Mason J. Protein kinase Cε (PKCε) regulates BCL-2 expression in vascular endothelial cells (EC) and protects against apoptosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Akiba T, Ichimatsu T, Katayama H, Akao T, Nakamura O, Mizuki E, Ohba M, Harata K. Structure of parasporin-1, a novel bacterial cytotoxin against human cancer cells. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305089348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Okumura S, Akao T, Higuchi K, Saitoh H, Mizuki E, Ohba M, Inouye K. Bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis strain 89-T-34-22 produces multiple cytotoxic proteins with similar molecular masses against human cancer cells. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 39:89-92. [PMID: 15189293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To prove that Bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis strain 89-T-34-22 produces several novel cytotoxic proteins against human leukaemic T cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Parasporal inclusion protein was solubilized and processed by proteinase K and was separated by anion-exchange chromatography. Cytopathic effects of each fraction against MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells were monitored. CONCLUSIONS Existence of at least two novel cytotoxic proteins was suggested and N-terminal sequences of the newly identified proteins were determined to be QSTTDVIREY and X (Y or I) (P or I) NLANELA (X indicates uncertain amino acids). Molecular masses of the two proteins were approx. 27-28 kDa. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, we demonstrated that the strain 89-T-34-22 produces at least two novel cytotoxic proteins with similar molecular masses against human cancer cells. This is the first strain of B. thuringiensis which produces multiple cytotoxic proteins against human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okumura
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abidov A, Hachamovitch R, Friedman JD, Hayes SW, Kang X, Cohen I, Germano G, Berman DS, Kjaer A, Cortsen A, Federspiel M, Hesse B, Holm S, O’Connor M, Dhalla AK, Wong MY, Wang WQ, Belardinelli L, Therapeutics CV, Epps A, Dave S, Brewer K, Chiaramida S, Gordon L, Hendrix GH, Feng B, Pretorius PH, Bruyant PP, Boening G, Beach RD, Gifford HC, King MA, Fessler JA, Hsu BL, Case JA, Gegen LL, Hertenstein GK, Cullom SJ, Bateman TM, Akincioglu C, Abidov A, Nishina H, Kavanagh P, Kang X, Aboul-Enein F, Yang L, Hayes S, Friedman J, Berman D, Germano G, Santana CA, Rivero A, Folks RD, Grossman GB, Cooke CD, Hunsche A, Faber TL, Halkar R, Garcia EV, Hansen CL, Silver S, Kaplan A, Rasalingam R, Awar M, Shirato S, Reist K, Htay T, Mehta D, Cho JH, Heo J, Dubovsky E, Calnon DA, Grewal KS, George PB, Richards DR, Hsi DH, Singh N, Meszaros Z, Thomas JL, Reyes E, Loong CY, Latus K, Anagnostopoulos C, Underwood SR, Kostacos EJ, Araujo LI, Kostacos EJ, Araujo LI, Lewin HC, Hyun MC, DePuey EG, Tanaka H, Chikamori T, Igarashi Y, Harafuji K, Usui Y, Yanagisawa H, Hida S, Yamashina A, Nasr HA, Mahmoud SA, Dalipaj MM, Golanowski LN, Kemp RAD, Chow BJ, Beanlands RS, Ruddy TD, Michelena HI, Mikolich BM, McNelis P, Decker WAV, Stathopoulos I, Duncan SA, Isasi C, Travin MI, Kritzman JN, Ficaro EP, Corbett JR, Allison JS, Weinsaft JW, Wong FJ, Szulc M, Okin PM, Kligfield P, Harafuji K, Chikamori T, Igarashi Y, Tanaka H, Usui Y, Yanagisawa H, Hida S, Ishimaru S, Yamashima A, Giedd KN, Bergmann SR, Shah S, Emmett L, Allman KC, Magee M, Van Gaal W, Kritharides L, Freedman B, Abidov A, Gerlach J, Akincioglu C, Friedman J, Kavanagh P, Miranda R, Germano G, Berman DS, Hayes SW, Damera N, Lone B, Singh R, Shah A, Yeturi S, Prasad Y, Blum S, Heller EN, Bhalodkar NC, Koutelou M, Kollaros N, Theodorakos A, Manginas A, Leontiadis E, Kouzoumi A, Cokkinos D, Mazzanti M, Marini M, Cianci G, Perna GP, Pai M, Greenberg MD, Liu F, Frankenberger O, Kokkinos P, Hanumara D, Goheen E, Wu C, Panagiotakos D, Fletcher R, Greenberg MD, Liu F, Frankenberger O, Kokkinos P, Hanumara D, Goheen E, Rodriguez OJ, Iyer VN, Lue M, Hickey KT, Blood DK, Bergmann SR, Bokhari S, Chareonthaitawee P, Christensen SD, Allen JL, Kemp BJ, Hodge DO, Ritman EL, Gibbons RJ, Smanio P, Riva G, Rodriquez F, Tricoti A, Nakhlawi A, Thom A, Pretorius PH, King MA, Dahlberg S, Leppo J, Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS, Akincioglu C, Abidov A, Friedman JD, Hayes SW, Germano G, Petrovici R, Husain M, Lee DS, Nanthakumar K, Iwanochko RM, Brunken RC, DiFilippo F, Neumann DR, Bybel B, Herrington B, Bruckbauer T, Howe C, Lohmann K, Hayden C, Chatterjee C, Lathrop B, Brunken RC, Chen MS, Lohmann KA, Howe WC, Bruckbauer T, Kaczur T, Bybel B, DiFilippo FP, Druz RS, Akinboboye OA, Grimson R, Nichols KJ, Reichek N, Ngai K, Dim R, Ho KT, Pary S, Ahmed SU, Ahlberg A, Cyr G, Vitols PJ, Mann A, Alexander L, Rosenblatt J, Mieres J, Heller GV, Ahmed SU, Ahlberg AW, Cyr G, Navare S, O’Sullivan D, Heller GV, Chiadika S, Lue M, Blood DK, Bergmann SR, Bokhari S, Heston TF, Heller GV, Cerqueira MD, Jones PG, Bryngelson JR, Moutray KL, Gegen LL, Hertenstein GK, Moser K, Case JA, Zellweger MJ, Burger PC, Pfisterer ME, Mueller-Brand J, Kang WJ, Lee BI, Lee DS, Paeng JC, Lee JS, Chung JK, Lee MC, To BN, O’Connell WJ, Botvinick EH, Duvall WL, Croft LB, Einstein AJ, Fisher JE, Haynes PS, Rose RK, Henzlova MJ, Prasad Y, Vashist A, Blum S, Sagar P, Heller EN, Kuwabara Y, Nakayama K, Tsuru Y, Nakaya J, Shindo S, Hasegawa M, Komuro I, Liu YH, Wackers F, Natale D, DePuey G, Taillefer R, Araujo L, Kostacos E, Allen S, Delbeke D, Anstett F, Kansal P, Calvin JE, Hendel RC, Gulati M, Pratap P, Takalkar A, Kostacos E, Alavi A, Araujo L, Melduni RM, Duncan SA, Travin MI, Isasi CR, Rivero A, Santana C, Esiashvili S, Grossman G, Halkar R, Folks RD, Garcia EV, Su H, Dobrucki LW, Chow C, Hu X, Bourke BN, Cavaliere P, Hua J, Sinusas AJ, Spinale FG, Sweterlitsch S, Azure M, Edwards DS, Sudhakar S, Chyun DA, Young LH, Inzucchi SE, Davey JA, Wackers FJ, Noble GL, Navare SM, Calvert J, Hussain SA, Ahlberg AM, Katten DM, Boden WE, Heller GV, Shaw LJ, Yang Y, Antunes A, Botelho MF, Gomes C, de Lima JJP, Silva ML, Moreira JN, Simões S, GonÇalves L, Providência LA, Elhendy A, Bax JJ, Schinkel AF, Valkema R, van Domburg RT, Poldermans D, Arrighi J, Lampert R, Burg M, Soufer R, Veress AI, Weiss JA, Huesman RH, Gullberg GT, Moser K, Case JA, Loong CY, Prvulovich EM, Reyes E, Aswegen AV, Anagnostopoulos C, Underwood SR, Htay T, Mehta D, Sun L, Lacy J, Heo J, Brunken RC, Kaczur T, Jaber W, Ramakrishna G, Miller TD, O’connor MK, Gibbons RJ, Bural GG, Mavi A, Kumar R, El-Haddad G, Srinivas SM, A Alavi, El-Haddad G, Alavi A, Araujo L, Thomas GS, Johnson CM, Miyamoto MI, Thomas JJ, Majmundar H, Ryals LA, Ip ZTK, Shaw LJ, Bishop HA, Carmody JP, Greathouse WG, Yanagisawa H, Chikamori T, Tanaka H, Usui Y, Igarashi U, Hida S, Morishima T, Tanaka N, Takazawa K, Yamashina A, Diedrichs H, Weber M, Koulousakis A, Voth E, Schwinger RHG, Mohan HK, Livieratos L, Gallagher S, Bailey DL, Chambers J, Fogelman I, Sobol I, Barst RJ, Nichols K, Widlitz A, Horn E, Bergmann SR, Chen J, Galt JR, Durbin MK, Ye J, Shao L, Garcia EV, Mahenthiran J, Elliott JC, Jacob S, Stricker S, Kalaria VG, Sawada S, Scott JA, Aziz K, Yasuda T, Gewirtz H, Hsu BL, Moutray K, Udelson JE, Barrett RJ, Johnson JR, Menenghetti C, Taillefer R, Ruddy T, Hachamovitch R, Jenkins SA, Massaro J, Haught H, Lim CS, Underwood R, Rosman J, Hanon S, Shapiro M, Schweitzer P, VanTosh A, Jones S, Harafuji K, Giedd KN, Johnson NP, Berliner JI, Sciacca RR, Chou RL, Hickey KT, Bokhari SS, Rodriguez O, Bokhari S, Moser KW, Moutray KL, Koutelou M, Theodorakos A, Kollaros N, Manginas A, Leontiadis E, Cokkinos D, Mazzanti M, Marini M, Cianci G, Perna GP, Nanasato M, Fujita H, Toba M, Nishimura T, Nikpour M, Urowitz M, Gladman D, Ibanez D, Harvey P, Floras J, Rouleau J, Iwanochko R, Pai M, Guglin ME, Ginsberg FL, Reinig M, Parrillo JE, Cha R, Merhige ME, Watson GM, Oliverio JG, Shelton V, Frank SN, Perna AF, Ferreira MJ, Ferrer-Antunes AI, Rodrigues V, Santos F, Lima J, Cerqueira MD, Magram MY, Lodge MA, Babich JW, Dilsizian V, Line BR, Bhalodkar NC, Lone B, Singh R, Prasad Y, Yeturi S, Blum S, Heller EN, Rodriguez OJ, Skerrett D, Charles C, Shuster MD, Itescu S, Wang TS, Bruyant PP, Pretorius PH, Dahlberg S, King MA, Petrovici R, Iwanochko RM, Lee DS, Emmett L, Husain M, Hosokawa R, Ohba M, Kambara N, Tadamura E, Kubo S, Nohara R, Kita T, Thompson RC, McGhie AI, O’Keefe JH, Christenson SD, Chareonthaitawee P, Kemp BJ, Jerome S, Russell TJ, Lowry DR, Coombs VJ, Moses A, Gottlieb SO, Heiba SI, Yee G, Coppola J, Elmquist T, Braff R, Youssef I, Ambrose JA, Abdel-Dayem HM, Canto J, Dubovsky E, Scott J, Terndrup TE, Faber TL, Folks RD, Dim UR, Mclaughlin J, Pollepalle D, Schapiro W, Wang Y, Akinboboye O, Ngai K, Druz RS, Polepalle D, Phippen-Nater B, Leonardis J, Druz R. Abstracts of original contributions ASNC 2004 9th annual scientific session September 3-–October 3, 2004 New York, New York. J Nucl Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02974964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ohgushi A, Wasano N, Shisa N, Saitoh H, Mizuki E, Maeda M, Ohba M. Characterization of a mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain isolated from Okinawa, Japan. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 95:982-9. [PMID: 14633026 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the mosquitocidal activity of parasporal inclusions of the Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain 96-OK-85-24, for comparison with two well-characterized mosquitocidal strains. METHODS AND RESULTS The strain 96-OK-85-24 significantly differed from the existing mosquitocidal B. thuringiensis strains in: (1) lacking the larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens molestus and haemolytic activity, and (2) SDS-PAGE profiles, immunological properties and N-terminal amino acid sequences of parasporal inclusion proteins. CONCLUSIONS It is clear from the results that the strain 96-OK-85-24 synthesizes a novel mosquitocidal Cry protein with a unique toxicity spectrum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of the occurrence of a mosquitocidal B. thuringiensis strain with an unusual toxicity spectrum, lacking the activity against the culicine mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ohgushi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ohba M, Shibazaki M, Sasano T, Inoue M, Takada H, Endo Y. Platelet responses and anaphylaxis-like shock induced in mice by intravenous injection of whole cells of oral streptococci. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:26-30. [PMID: 14678471 DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2002.00107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of lyophilized whole cells of various oral streptococcal strains into muramyldipeptide (MDP)-primed C3H/HeN mice induces rapid anaphylactoid shock. Here we examined the mechanism underlying this shock. In non-primed mice, Streptococcus intermedius K-213K (SiK213) and Streptococcus constellatus T21 (ScT21) produced little or no sign of shock. In MDP-primed mice, SiK213 caused lethal shock, while ScT21 only had a weak effect. SiK213 induced decreases in blood platelets and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) preceding the shock, while the effects of ScT21 were weak. The SiK213-induced 5HT decrease and shock were reduced by a complement-C5 inhibitor. These results suggest that (i). streptococcal bacterial cells can induce rapid platelet responses, (ii). complement-dependent degradation of platelets may be involved in streptococcus-induced shock, (iii). the streptococcus-induced platelet degradation or degranulation may occur largely in the systemic circulation, and (iv). platelets may play a role not only in infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria, but also in diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohba
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan
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Maeda M, Mizuki E, Hara M, Tanaka R, Akao T, Yamashita S, Ohba M. Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from intertidal brackish sediments in mangroves. Microbiol Res 2002; 156:195-8. [PMID: 11572461 DOI: 10.1078/0944-5013-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intertidal brackish sediments in mangroves were examined for isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis strains with novel toxicity spectra. A total of 18 B. thuringiensis isolates were recovered from eight sediment samples (36.4%) out of 22 samples tested. The frequency of B. thuringiensis was 1.3% among the colonies of Bacillus cereus/B. thuringiensis group. While five isolates were allocated to the four H serogroups, the majority of the isolates were serologically untypable or untestable. Two isolates belonging to the serovar israelensis/tochigiensis (H14/19) exhibited strong toxicities against larvae of the mosquito, Culex pipiens molestus, and mammalian cells (sheep erythrocyte and two human cancer cell lines) in vitro. The other 16 isolates showed no toxicity against the mosquito and mammalian cells. None of the isolates showed larvicidal activity against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Strong lectin activities against sheep erythrocytes were associated with two serologically untestable isolates and an H3 isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Section of Microbiology, Kyushu Medical Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Wasano
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka and
| | - S. Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Ohba
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka and
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Mizuki E, Ichimatsu T, Hwang S‐H, Park YS, Saitoh H, Higuchi K, Ohba M. Ubiquity ofBacillus thuringiensison phylloplanes of arboreous and herbaceous plants in Japan. J Appl Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Mizuki
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, and
| | - T. Ichimatsu
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, and
| | - S. ‐H. Hwang
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, and
| | - Y. S. Park
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, and
| | - H. Saitoh
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, and
| | - K. Higuchi
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, and
| | - M. Ohba
- Institute of Biological Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wakino S, Kintscher U, Liu Z, Kim S, Yin F, Ohba M, Kuroki T, Schönthal AH, Hsueh WA, Law RE. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit mitogenic induction of p21(Cip1) by modulating the protein kinase Cdelta pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:47650-7. [PMID: 11598137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108719200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1) is up-regulated in response to mitogenic stimulation in various cells. PPARgamma ligands troglitazone (TRO, 10 microm) and rosiglitazone (RSG, 10 microm) attenuated the induction of p21(Cip1) protein by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin without affecting cognate mRNA levels in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) inhibitor rottlerin also blocked the induction of p21(Cip1) protein, whereas the conventional PKC isotype inhibitor Gö 6976 had no effect. Kinetic studies using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed that TRO, RSG, and rottlerin shortened the half-life of p21(Cip1) protein. TRO, RSG, and rottlerin inhibited PDGF-induced expression of p21(Cip1), but they did not affect insulin-induced expression of p21(Cip1). Both ligands inhibited PKCdelta enzymatic activity in PDGF-stimulated RASMC but not in insulin-stimulated cells. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of PKCdelta rescued the down-regulation of p21(Cip1) expression both by TRO and RSG in PDGF-treated RASMC. These data suggested that the PKCdelta pathway plays a critical role in PDGF-induced expression of p21(Cip1) in RASMC and may be the potential target for PPARgamma ligand effects. Src kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCdelta was decreased substantially by TRO and RSG. Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of c-Src in response to PDGF were unaffected by either PPARgamma ligand. Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibitors sodium orthovanadate and dephostatin prevented PPARgamma ligand effects on PKCdelta tyrosine phosphorylation and enzymatic activity. Both inhibitors also reversed PPARgamma ligand effects on p21(Cip1) expression in PDGF-treated RASMC. PPARgamma ligands enhanced protein-tyrosine-phosphatase activity in RASMC, which may be the mechanism for decreased PKCdelta tyrosine phosphorylation and activity. PPARgamma ligands regulate p21(Cip1) at a post-translational level by blocking PKCdelta signaling and accelerating p21(Cip1) turnover.
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MESH Headings
- Acetophenones/pharmacology
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Apoptosis
- Benzopyrans/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cell Division
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromans/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/metabolism
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Hydroquinones/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Insulin/metabolism
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C-delta
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone
- Signal Transduction
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Troglitazone
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Vanadates/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wakino
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, School of Medicine, 142-8555 UCLA, 900 Veteran Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Braiman L, Alt A, Kuroki T, Ohba M, Bak A, Tennenbaum T, Sampson SR. Activation of protein kinase C zeta induces serine phosphorylation of VAMP2 in the GLUT4 compartment and increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:7852-61. [PMID: 11604519 PMCID: PMC99955 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.22.7852-7861.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into skeletal muscle tissue mainly through the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. The precise mechanism involved in this process is presently unknown. In the cascade of events leading to insulin-induced glucose transport, insulin activates specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. In this study we investigated the roles of PKC zeta in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle. We found that insulin initially caused PKC zeta to associate specifically with the GLUT4 compartments and that PKC zeta together with the GLUT4 compartments were then translocated to the plasma membrane as a complex. PKC zeta and GLUT4 recycled independently of one another. To further establish the importance of PKC zeta in glucose transport, we used adenovirus constructs containing wild-type or kinase-inactive, dominant-negative PKC zeta (DNPKC zeta) cDNA to overexpress this isoform in skeletal muscle myotube cultures. We found that overexpression of PKC zeta was associated with a marked increase in the activity of this isoform. The overexpressed, active PKC zeta coprecipitated with the GLUT4 compartments. Moreover, overexpression of PKC zeta caused GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and increased glucose uptake in the absence of insulin. Finally, either insulin or overexpression of PKC zeta induced serine phosphorylation of the GLUT4-compartment-associated vesicle-associated membrane protein 2. Furthermore, DNPKC zeta disrupted the GLUT4 compartment integrity and abrogated insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. These results demonstrate that PKC zeta regulates insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport through the unique colocalization of this isoform with the GLUT4 compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Braiman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Gonda-Goldschmied Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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19
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Matsubayashi T, Kaneko S, Shimizu M, Ohba M, Suzuki T, Inukai K. Colitis associated with deficiency of the sixth component of complement and congenital chronic neutropenia. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:1211-2. [PMID: 11697441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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20
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Kodera M, Taniike Y, Itoh M, Tanahashi Y, Shimakoshi H, Kano K, Hirota S, Iijima S, Ohba M, Okawa H. Synthesis, characterization, and activation of thermally stable mu-1,2-peroxodiiron(III) complex. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4821-2. [PMID: 11531426 DOI: 10.1021/ic0155434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kodera
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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21
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Ando T, Komaki G, Karibe M, Kawamura N, Hara S, Takii M, Naruo T, Kurokawa N, Takei M, Tatsuta N, Ohba M, Nozoe S, Kubo C, Ishikawa T. 5-HT2A promoter polymorphism is not associated with anorexia nervosa in Japanese patients. Psychiatr Genet 2001; 11:157-60. [PMID: 11702058 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-200109000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors have been implicated in playing a significant role in susceptibility to anorexia nervosa (AN). Among many candidate genes for AN, an association with the A allele of the -1438G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the 5-HT2A receptor has been reported. However, these findings are controversial and all patients studied to date have been Caucasian. This study was designed to determine whether this association is reproducible in Japanese subjects. This case-control study of a cohort of 75 female Japanese AN sufferers and 127 normal female control subjects revealed no significant association between the 5-HT2A promoter polymorphism and AN. Thus, at least for Japanese subjects, the A-allele of the -1438G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the 5-HT2A receptor gene does not contribute to a predisposition to AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ando
- Division of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
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22
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Abstract
Sheep erythrocyte-agglutinating parasporal inclusion proteins from four Bacillus thuringiensis strains (FITC-20, FITC-73, FITC-76 and IBC-1456) were examined for lectin activity against erythrocytes from four mammalian (rabbit, horse, cow and guinea pig) and an avian (chicken) species. Of the five erythrocyte species, only rabbit cells were agglutinated with the protein of the human cancer cell-killing strain IBC-1456. No haemagglutination (HA) activities were shown in other protein-erythrocyte combinations. The lectin activity of the strain IBC-1456 against rabbit cells was strongly inhibited by preincubation with D-galactose. Overall results revealed that the B. thuringiensis lectins have a preference for sheep erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akao
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Nishihara H, Nakagawa Y, Ishikawa H, Ohba M, Shimizu K, Nakamura T. Matrix vesicles and media vesicles as nonclassical pathways for the secretion of m-Calpain from MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:845-53. [PMID: 11453670 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calpain was generally believed to exist and function only in the cytoplasm. However, m-calpain has now been detected in the extracellular spaces of some kinds of tissue. In this study, we demonstrated the existence of m-calpain in the medium surrounding MC3T3-E1 cultures, and its activity by zymography. At the same time, the amount of lactate dehydrogenase in medium of MC3T3-E1 culture was extremely low compared with other cell cultures, suggesting that m-calpain found in the culture medium of MC3T3-E1 cells originated mainly from active secretion. Moreover, the secretion of m-calpain was not blocked by brefeldin A, implying that m-calpain may be secreted by a nonclassical pathway. Recently, MC3T3-E1 has been reported to produce matrix vesicles and media vesicles, and we demonstrated m-calpain in these vesicles produced by MC3T3-E1 cultures. We therefore concluded that these vesicles are partly responsible for the secretion of m-calpain into the culture medium of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nishihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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24
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Nakamura Y, Yonemura M, Arimura K, Usuki N, Ohba M, Okawa H. Tetranuclear mixed-metal M(II)2Cu(II)2 complexes derived from a phenol-based macrocyclic ligand having two N(amine)2O2 and two N(imine)2O2 metal-binding sites. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:3739-44. [PMID: 11442372 DOI: 10.1021/ic001162z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-ethylenebis(5-bromo-3-formyl-2-hydroxybenzylaminato)copper(II) with ethylenediamine in aqueous DMF with excess perchloric acid resulted in the [2:2] cyclic condensation of the constituents, providing the dinuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu2(H2R)](ClO4)2. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 19.603(3) A, b = 13.370(2) A, c = 21.072(3) A, beta = 98.87(1) degrees, V = 5456(1) A3, and Z = 4. The ligand R4- has two N(amine)2O2 and two N(imine)2O2 metal-binding sites sharing two phenolic oxygens, and [Cu2(H2R)](ClO4)2 has the two Cu(II) ions in the N(imine)2O2 sites and two protons in the N(amine)2O2 sites. [Cu2(H2R)](ClO4)2 was converted by neutralization into [Cu2(R)], from which mixed-metal Cu(II)2M(II)2 complexes [Cu2M2(R)Cl4] (M = Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) were derived. [Cu2Co2(R)Cl4]*2CHCl3*H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 32.514(3) A, b = 12.246(3) A, c = 19.827(2) A, beta = 126.082(1) degrees, V = 6380(1) A3, and Z = 4. [Cu2Zn2(R)Cl4]*2CHCl3*H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 32.53(1) A, b = 12.242(2) A, c = 19.729(9) A, beta = 126.03(3) degrees, V = 6354(4) A3, and Z = 4. The two complexes are isotructural and have a dimer-of-dimers structure with two separated Cu(II)M(II) units. In each dinuclear unit, the Cu(II) is bound to the N(imine)2O2 site and the M(II) is bonded to a phenolic oxygen and two nitrogens of the N(amine)2O2 site. The Cu(II) and M(II) ions are bridged by a phenolic oxygen and an exogenous chloride ion. The Cu(II)2Ni(II)2 complex has a defect double-cubane structure. Cryomagnetic studies for the Cu(II)2Co(II)2 complex indicate an antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction within each dinuclear Cu(II)Co(II) unit (J = -9.5 cm(-1) based on H = -2JS(Cu)S(Co)). The Cu(II)2Ni(II)2 complex shows a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the adjacent Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions (-3.5 cm(-1)) and a weak ferromagnetic interaction between the two Ni(II) ions (+2.0 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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25
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Shinohara H, Kayagaki N, Yagita H, Oyaizu N, Ohba M, Kuroki T, Ikawa Y. A protective role of PKCepsilon against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:1162-7. [PMID: 11414705 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the TRAIL-induced apoptosis sensitivity, we conducted the following experiments utilizing TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant glioma cells. We examined the expression of TRAIL receptors mRNA, but no significant differences were detected in those cells. TRAIL-resistant cells were sensitized to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by staurosporine pretreatment and preferentially expressed PKCepsilon. Since several lines of evidence suggest that PKC may play a protective role for apoptosis, we analyzed the involvement of PKCepsilon in TRAIL-induced apoptosis by an adenovirus vector expression system. We found that TRAIL susceptibility was augmented by the expression of a dominant negative PKCepsilon in TRAIL-resistant cells. Conversely, PKCepsilon introduction in TRAIL-sensitive cells resulted in the reduction of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that PKCepsilon may be a regulator of susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gliomas and probably other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinohara
- Department of Retroviral Regulation, Medical Research Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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26
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Mizuki E, Maeda M, Tanaka R, Lee DW, Hara M, Akao T, Yamashita S, Kim HS, Ichimatsu T, Ohba M. Bacillus thuringiensis: a common member of microflora in activated sludges of a sewage treatment plant. Curr Microbiol 2001; 42:422-5. [PMID: 11381335 DOI: 10.1007/s002840010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2000] [Accepted: 11/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis was recovered at a high frequency from activated-sludge system environments in an urban sewage-digestive plant. All of the test materials, sampled at several digesting steps, contained the organism. Of 515 colonies belonging to the B. cereus/B. thuringiensis group, 45 (8.7%) were assigned to B. thuringiensis. The highest density of this bacterium was 1.6 x 103 cfu/ml in a scum sample of the first aeration basin. Among the 45 isolates, 7 were assigned to the known H serovars. Two isolates of the serovar kenyae isolates exhibited Lepidoptera-specific toxicity. Diptera-specific toxicity was shown by an isolate of serovar israelensis and a serologically undefined isolate. Lectin activity was associated with 12 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mizuki
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, 1465-5 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan.
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27
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Alt A, Ohba M, Li L, Gartsbein M, Belanger A, Denning MF, Kuroki T, Yuspa SH, Tennenbaum T. Protein kinase Cdelta-mediated phosphorylation of alpha6beta4 is associated with reduced integrin localization to the hemidesmosome and decreased keratinocyte attachment. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4591-8. [PMID: 11389095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian epidermis, expression of the alpha6beta4 integrin is restricted to the hemidesmosome complexes, which connect the proliferative basal cell layer with the underlying basement membrane. Keratinocyte differentiation is associated with down-regulation of alpha6beta4 expression and detachment of keratinocytes from the basement membrane. Neoplastic keratinocytes delay maturation, proliferate suprabasally, and retain the expression of the alpha6beta4 integrin in suprabasal cells disassociated from the hemidesmosomes. We now show that the alpha6beta4 integrin is a substrate for serine phosphorylation by protein kinase C in keratinocytes. Furthermore, protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of alpha6beta4 is associated with redistribution of this integrin from the hemidesmosome to the cytosol. Specifically, in vitro kinase assays identified the protein kinase Cdelta as the primary isoform phosphorylating alpha6 and beta4 integrin subunits. Using recombinant protein kinase C adenoviruses, overexpression of protein kinase Cdelta but not protein kinase Calpha in primary keratinocytes increased beta4 serine phosphorylation, decreased alpha6beta4 localization to the hemidesmosome complexes, and reduced keratinocyte attachment. Taken together, these results establish a link between protein kinase Cdelta-mediated serine phosphorylation of alpha6beta4 integrin and its effects on alpha6beta4 subcellular localization and keratinocyte attachment to the laminin underlying matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alt
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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28
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Lee D, Katayama H, Akao T, Maeda M, Tanaka R, Yamashita S, Saitoh H, Mizuki E, Ohba M. A 28 kDa protein of the Bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis isolate 89-T-34-22 induces a human leukemic cell-specific cytotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1547:57-63. [PMID: 11343791 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 28 kDa protein that exhibits cytocidal activity specific for human leukemic T (MOLT-4) cells was purified from proteinase K-digested parasporal inclusion of a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis isolate. The N-terminal sequence of the protein was identical with that of the 32 kDa protein, regarded as a protoxin, of the inclusion proteins. The median effective concentration of this protein was 0.23 microg/ml against MOLT-4 cells and its specific activity was 7.9 times greater than that of the whole inclusion proteins. The 28 kDa protein induced necrosis-like cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 cells and the cytopathic effect with the passage of time was characterized by cell swelling, nuclear membrane isolation and chromatin condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lee
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Kurume, Japan
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29
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Wang DS, Hanamoto M, Fang F, Ohba M, Ishii M, Kimura F, Higaki E, Senga H. Defibrinogenating effect of batroxobin (Defibrase®) in rats and inhibition of migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells by the plasma of batroxobin-treated rats in vitro. Atherosclerosis 2001; 156:73-80. [PMID: 11368999 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The defibrinogenating effect of batroxobin (Defibrase) in male Wistar rats and the inhibitory effects of the plasma of batroxobin-treated rats on the migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were investigated in vitro. At 1 h after a single intravenous injection of 3.0, 10.0 or 30.0 BU/kg batroxobin (ten rats in each group), the fibrinogen levels in the plasma of the rats decreased to 88.3, 66.2 and 16.5%, respectively, of that in the plasma of control saline-treated rats (261.0+/-26.7 mg/dl). When the plasma from the batroxobin-treated rats was added to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium at a concentration of 0.2% for a vascular SMC migration assay and incubated in a modified Boyden's chamber system at 37 degrees C for 24 h, significant inhibitory effects on vascular SMC migration were observed in the 10.0 (P<0.05) and 30.0 BU/kg (P<0.01) batroxobin-treated rats. The plasma of batroxobin-treated rats as well as standard rat fibrinogen induced vascular SMC migration in a fibrinogen content-dependent manner except the plasma of the 30.0 BU/kg batroxobin-treated rats. Moreover, the rat serum (0.1 approximately 5.0%) did not show any activity on vascular SMC migration in the present experimental system. These results indicate that the plasma fibrinogen significantly influences vascular SMC migration, and that the inhibitory effect of the plasma of batroxobin-treated rats on vascular SMC migration is related to the defibrinogenating action of batroxobin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Wang
- Ome Research Laboratories, Tobishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 7-1, 1-chome, Suehiro-cho, Ome-shi, Tokyo 198-0025, Japan.
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30
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Liu YF, Paz K, Herschkovitz A, Alt A, Tennenbaum T, Sampson SR, Ohba M, Kuroki T, LeRoith D, Zick Y. Insulin stimulates PKCzeta -mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). A self-attenuated mechanism to negatively regulate the function of IRS proteins. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14459-65. [PMID: 11278339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007281200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation of rat hepatoma Fao cells with insulin leads to a transient rise in Tyr phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins. This is followed by elevation in their P-Ser/Thr content, and their dissociation from the insulin receptor (IR). Wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, abolished the increase in the P-Ser/Thr content of IRS-1, its dissociation from the IR, and the decrease in its P-Tyr content following 60 min of insulin treatment, indicating that the Ser kinases that negatively regulate IRS-1 function are downstream effectors of PI3K. PKCzeta fulfills this criterion, being an insulin-activated downstream effector of PI3K. Overexpression of PKCzeta in Fao cells, by infection of the cells with adenovirus-based PKCzeta construct, had no effect on its own, but it accelerated the rate of insulin-stimulated dissociation of IR.IRS-1 complexes and the rate of Tyr dephosphorylation of IRS-1. The insulin-stimulated negative regulatory role of PKCzeta was specific and could not be mimic by infecting Fao cells with adenoviral constructs encoding for PKC alpha, delta, or eta. Because the reduction in P-Tyr content of IRS-1 was accompanied by a reduced association of IRS-1 with p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, it suggests that this negative regulatory process induced by PKCzeta, has a built-in attenuation signal. Hence, insulin triggers a sequential cascade in which PI3K-mediated activation of PKCzeta inhibits IRS-1 functions, reduces complex formation between IRS-1 and PI3K, and inhibits further activation of PKCzeta itself. These findings implicate PKCzeta as a key element in a multistep negative feedback control mechanism of IRS-1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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31
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Matsumoto M, Ogawa W, Hino Y, Furukawa K, Ono Y, Takahashi M, Ohba M, Kuroki T, Kasuga M. Inhibition of insulin-induced activation of Akt by a kinase-deficient mutant of the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14400-6. [PMID: 11278835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011093200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt, also known as protein kinase B, is a protein-serine/threonine kinase that is activated by growth factors in a phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase-dependent manner. Although Akt mediates a variety of biological activities, the mechanisms by which its activity is regulated remain unclear. The potential role of the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C (PKC) in the activation of Akt induced by insulin has now been examined. Expression of a kinase-deficient mutant of PKCepsilon (epsilonKD), but not that of wild-type PKCepsilon or of kinase-deficient mutants of PKCalpha or PKClambda, with the use of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of Akt induced by insulin in Chinese hamster ovary cells or L6 myotubes. Whereas the epsilonKD mutant did not affect insulin stimulation of PI 3-kinase activity, the phosphorylation and activation of Akt induced by a constitutively active mutant of PI 3-kinase were inhibited by epsilonKD, suggesting that epsilonKD affects insulin signaling downstream of PI 3-kinase. PDK1 (3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1) is thought to participate in Akt activation. Overexpression of PDK1 with the use of an adenovirus vector induced the phosphorylation and activation of Akt; epsilonKD inhibited, whereas wild-type PKCepsilon had no effect on, these actions of PDK1. These results suggest that epsilonKD inhibits the insulin-induced phosphorylation and activation of Akt by interfering with the ability of PDK1 to phosphorylate Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsumoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Ohba M, Li XK, Kita Y, Enosawa S, Funeshima N, Nagai H, Zhang H, Okuyama T, Ogoshi S, Sasaguri S, Amemiya H, Suzuki S. Long-term graft acceptance in rat heart transplantation by CTLA4Ig gene transfection combined with FTY720 treatment. World J Surg 2001; 25:391-7; discussion 397-8. [PMID: 11344387 DOI: 10.1007/s002680020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CTLA4Ig strongly adheres to B7 molecules on antigen-presenting cells to block intracellular signal transduction via CD28 on helper T cells, which eventually inhibits immune responses. We have demonstrated that the administration to recipient animals of adenoviral vectors containing CTLA4Ig gene (adCTLA4Ig) prolonged graft survival, although the gene expression diminished in a time-dependent manner and the grafts were finally rejected. In addition, recipient animals treated with FTY720, a new immunosuppressant, exhibited a decrease in the number of peripheral lymphocytes due to apoptosis. In this study, we performed adCTLA4Ig transfection combined with FTY720 treatment in heart-grafted rats to determine if the combination could induce a mutual effect on graft survival. The recipient animals were given injections of 1 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of adCTLA4Ig via the tail vein immediately after grafting. On the day before transplantation we administered FTY720 orally to some of these animals at a dosage of 5 mg/kg and again on the day of transplantation. The median graft survival period in the adCTLA4Ig-only group was 27 days, whereas that in the combination group was markedly prolonged to 56 days. Of 15 grafts, 5 survived indefinitely. In these groups we observed detectable levels of CTLA4Ig in the sera 49 days after grafting; the levels were always higher in the combination group than in the adCTLA4Ig-only group. As a result, this study revealed that FTY720 and adCTLA4Ig have a potent mutual effect on graft survival during rat heart transplantation. Furthermore, it is highly possible that FTY720 enhances gene expression of adCTLA4Ig, which may be related to the long-term acceptance of grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohba
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Bioengineering, National Children's Medical Research Center, 3-35-31 Taishido, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8509, Japan
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Braiman L, Alt A, Kuroki T, Ohba M, Bak A, Tennenbaum T, Sampson SR. Insulin induces specific interaction between insulin receptor and protein kinase C delta in primary cultured skeletal muscle. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:565-74. [PMID: 11266508 DOI: 10.1210/mend.15.4.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, in particular PKCs beta II, delta, and zeta, are activated by insulin stimulation. In primary cultures of skeletal muscle, PKCs beta II and zeta, but not PKC delta, are activated via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that PKC delta may be activated upstream of PI3K by direct interaction with insulin receptor (IR). Experiments were done on primary cultures of newborn rat skeletal muscle, age 5--6 days in vitro. The time course of insulin-induced activation of PKC delta closely paralleled that of IR. Insulin stimulation caused a selective coprecipitation of PKC delta with IR, and these IR immunoprecipitates from insulin-stimulated cells displayed a striking induction of PKC activity due specifically to PKC delta. To examine the involvement of PKC delta in the IR signaling cascade, we used recombinant adenovirus constructs of wild-type (W.T.) or dominant negative (D.N.) PKC delta. Overexpression of W.T.PKC delta induced PKC delta activity and coassociation of PKC delta and IR without addition of insulin. Overexpression of D.N.PKC delta abrogated insulin- induced coassociation of PKC delta and IR. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IR was greatly attenuated in cells overexpressing W.T.PKC delta, whereas in myotubes overexpressing D.N.PKC delta, tyrosine phosphorylation occurred without addition of insulin and was sustained longer than that in control myotubes. In control myotubes IR displayed a low level of serine phosphorylation, which was increased by insulin stimulation. In cells overexpressing W.T.PKC delta, serine phosphorylation was strikingly high under basal conditions and did not increase after insulin stimulation. In contrast, in cells overexpressing D.N.PKC delta, the level of serine phosphorylation was lower than that in nonoverexpressing cells and did not change notably after addition of insulin. Overexpression of W.T.PKC delta caused IR to localize mainly in the internal membrane fractions, and blockade of PKC delta abrogated insulin-induced IR internalization. We conclude that PKC delta is involved in regulation of IR activity and routing, and this regulation may be important in subsequent steps in the IR signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Braiman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Gonda-Goldschmied Center Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Okumura S, Akao T, Mizuki E, Ohba M, Inouye K. Screening of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin on the artificial phospholipid monolayer incorporated with brush border membrane vesicles of Plutella xylostella by optical biosensor technology. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2001; 47:177-88. [PMID: 11245889 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The binding of Cry1Ac, an insecticidal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, to a brush border membrane (BBM) isolated from midguts of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella was examined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor. BBM was mixed with 1,3-ditetradecylglycero-2-phosphocholine (PC14), a neutral charged artificial lipid, and was reconstructed to a monolayer on a hydrophobic chip for the biosensor. The binding of Cry1Ac to the reconstructed monolayer was analyzed by a two-state binding model, and it was shown that Cry1Ac bound to the monolayer in the first step with an affinity constant (K(1)) of 508 nM, followed by the second uni-molecular step with an equilibrium constant (K(2)) of 0.472. The overall affinity constant K(d) was determined to be 240 nM. The binding was markedly inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (K(i)=8 mM). The monolayer was shown to retain a high affinity to Cry1Ac, providing an insect-free system for rapid and large-scale screening of B. thuringiensis insecticidal proteins by the SPR-based biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okumura
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, 1465-5 Aikawa, Kurume, 839-0861, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mitsutake N, Namba H, Shklyaev SS, Tsukazaki T, Ohtsuru A, Ohba M, Kuroki T, Ayabe H, Yamashita S. PKC delta mediates ionizing radiation-induced activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase through MKK7 in human thyroid cells. Oncogene 2001; 20:989-96. [PMID: 11314034 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2000] [Revised: 11/01/2000] [Accepted: 12/14/2000] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is one of the most sensitive organs in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced carcinogenesis. To determine, therefore, the specific cascade of IR-induced signal transduction in human thyroid cells, we investigated the functional role of protein kinase C (PKC), especially its interlocking activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In the present study, using adenovirus expression vectors for diverse dominant-negative (DN) types of PKC isoforms (alpha, beta2, delta, epsilon and zeta) expressed in primary cultured human thyroid cells, only DN/PKC delta suppressed IR-induced JNK activation. In addition, Rottlerin, a PKC delta specific inhibitor, inhibited IR-induced JNK activation. IR-induced activation of transcription factor AP-1, downstream target of JNK, was also attenuated by DN/PKC delta. To examine the involvement of upstream kinases of JNK, we performed immune-complex kinase assays of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MKK7. IR activated MKK7 but not MKK4, and this activation was inhibited by Rottlerin. Furthermore, IR-induced JNK activation was suppressed by overexpression of kinase-deficient MKK7. Our results indicate that IR selectively activates the cascade of PKC delta-MKK7-JNK-AP-1 in human thyroid cells, suggesting a not apoptotic but radio-resistant role of PKC delta in human thyroid cells following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mitsutake
- Department of Nature Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Wasano N, Ohba M, Miyamoto K. Two delta-endotoxin genes, cry9Da and a novel related gene, commonly occurring in Lepidoptera-specific Bacillus thuringiensis Japanese isolates that produce spherical parasporal inclusions. Curr Microbiol 2001; 42:129-33. [PMID: 11136135 DOI: 10.1007/s002843359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Six Lepidoptera-specific Bacillus thuringiensis isolates, which belong to the four H serovars (sotto, fukuokaensis, canadensis, and galleriae) and produce spherical parasporal inclusions, were examined for assignment of the classes of the delta-endotoxin genes. Gene analysis was conducted by PCR technique with primers designed to probe the genes cry9Ca and cry9Da. The data revealed that the delta-endotoxin of a serovar canadensis isolate is encoded by the gene cry9Da, while those of the five other strains are encoded by an undescribed delta-endotoxin gene. DNA fragments from five strains had an identical 1917-bp nucleotide sequence, covering the four conserved regions and a partial sequence of the block 5 region. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited a 70.6% homology to that of the corresponding region of the Cry9Ea delta-endotoxin protein which is active on the order Lepidoptera, and a 63.1% homology to the Cry9Ca protein highly toxic to the noctuid lepidopterans. The results showed that Japanese isolates of B. thuringiensis producing spherical parasporal inclusions with Lepidoptera-specific activity are categorized into two groups: one produces the class Cry9Da protein and the other a novel delta-endotoxin allied to the class Cry9. It also appeared that heterogeneous multiple H serovars are involved in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wasano
- Bioresources and Management Lab, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Shen S, Alt A, Wertheimer E, Gartsbein M, Kuroki T, Ohba M, Braiman L, Sampson SR, Tennenbaum T. PKCdelta activation: a divergence point in the signaling of insulin and IGF-1-induced proliferation of skin keratinocytes. Diabetes 2001; 50:255-64. [PMID: 11272134 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.2.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are members of the family of the insulin family of growth factors, which activate similar cellular downstream pathways. In this study, we analyzed the effects of insulin and IGF-1 on the proliferation of murine skin keratinocytes in an attempt to determine whether these hormones trigger the same signaling pathways. Increasing doses of insulin and IGF-1 promote keratinocyte proliferation in an additive manner. We identified downstream pathways specifically involved in insulin signaling that are known to play a role in skin physiology; these include activation of the Na+/K+ pump and protein kinase C (PKC). Insulin, but not IGF-1, stimulated Na+/K+ pump activity. Furthermore, ouabain, a specific Na+/K+ pump inhibitor, abolished the proliferative effect of insulin but not that of IGF-1. Insulin and IGF-1 also differentially regulated PKC activation. Insulin, but not IGF-1, specifically activated and translocated the PKCB isoform to the membrane fraction. There was no effect on PKC isoforms alpha, eta, epsilon, and zeta, which are expressed in skin. PKC8 overexpression increased keratinocyte proliferation and Na+/K+ pump activity to a degree similar to that induced by insulin but had no affect on IGF-1-induced proliferation. Furthermore, a dominant negative form of PKCdelta abolished the effects of insulin on both proliferation and Na+/K+ pump activity but did not abrogate induction of keratinocyte proliferation induced by other growth factors. These data indicate that though insulin or IGF-1 stimulation induce keratinocyte proliferation, only insulin action is specifically mediated via PKC8 and involves activation of the Na+/K+ pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Gonda-Goldschmeid Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Kashiwagi M, Ohba M, Watanabe H, Ishino K, Kasahara K, Sanai Y, Taya Y, Kuroki T. PKCeta associates with cyclin E/cdk2/p21 complex, phosphorylates p21 and inhibits cdk2 kinase in keratinocytes. Oncogene 2000; 19:6334-41. [PMID: 11175348 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PKC is activated on the cell membrane by phospholipids, thereby transducing signals to intracellular pathways. We provide here another function of PKC, namely, regulating cell cycle by interaction with the cyclin E/cdk2/p21 complex. Among the 10 isoforms of PKC, PKCeta is predominantly expressed in squamous cell epithelia and induces terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. PKCeta that is endogenously expressed or overexpressed was found to associate with the cyclin E/cdk2/p21 complex in keratinocytes of mice and humans. Requirement of a possible adaptor protein to the binding was suggested by the reconstitution of PKCeta and the cyclin E/cdk2/p21 complex which were prepared from human keratinocytes or Sf9 insect cells. Colocalization of PKCeta with cdk2 and cyclin E was observed in the cytoplasm, particularly in the perinuclear region. p21 was phosphorylated in the complex in a PKC-activator dependent manner. Association of PKCeta with cdk2 resulted in marked inhibition of cdk2-kinase activity when measured by phosphorylation of Rb. Dominant negative PKCeta associated with the cyclin E/cdk2/p21 complex, but caused a little inhibition of cdk2 kinase activity. Among the known regulatory mechanisms of cdk2 activity, dephosphorylation of Thr160 was demonstrated. Oncogene (2000) 19, 6334 - 6341.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kashiwagi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Ohba M, Li XK, Kita Y, Tamura A, Enosawa S, Sasakuri S, Ogoshi S, Amemiya H, Suzuki S. Perioperative administration of FTY720 and CTLA4IG in rat heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2024-5. [PMID: 11120049 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ohba
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Bioengineering, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Kita Y, Li XK, Ohba M, Funeshima N, Enosawa S, Nogimura H, Ohi S, Kageyama Y, Matsushita K, Ito Y, Takahashi T, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Kazui T. Adenoviral vectors containing the CTLA4IG-gene inhibit chronic rejection in heterotopically transplanted rat tracheas. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2036-7. [PMID: 11120055 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kita
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Yamashita S, Akao T, Mizuki E, Saitoh H, Higuchi K, Park YS, Kim HS, Ohba M. Characterization of the anti-cancer-cell parasporal proteins of a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate. Can J Microbiol 2000; 46:913-9. [PMID: 11068678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
An unusual activity, associated with non-insecticidal and non-haemolytic parasporal inclusion proteins of a Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolate, designated 89-T-26-17, was characterized. The parasporal inclusion of this isolate was bipyramidal, rounded at both ends, containing proteins of 180, 150, 120, 100, and 88 kDa. No homologies with the Cry and Cyt proteins of B. thuringiensis were detected based on N-terminal sequences. Proteolytic processing of the inclusion proteins by proteinase K, trypsin, and chymotrypsin produced a major protein of 64 kDa exhibiting cytocidal activity against human leukaemic T cells and uterus cervix cancer (HeLa) cells. The protease-activated proteins showed no cytotoxicity to normal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamashita
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NF, A1B 3X7 (Canada)
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of slanting muscle insertions for "A" and "V" exotropia. METHODS We performed slanting recession and resection of medial or lateral rectus muscles. A slanting surgical incision creating a 3-4 mm difference between the upper and lower margins of the muscles was performed in 28 patients with "A" or "V" exotropia ( "V" exotropia, 16 patients; "A" exotropia, 12 patients). Cases of "V" exotropia with moderate or marked overaction of the inferior oblique muscle were excluded. RESULTS "V" exotropia: The average "V" pattern was 17.9 prism diopters (Delta) before and 7.6 delta after the operation. Slanting surgery reduced the "V" pattern in 15 of the 16 "V" patients. The mean reduction was 10.3 Delta in the "V" pattern and 29.8 Delta in the upward gaze deviation. "A" exotropia: The average "A" pattern was 26.6 Delta before and 6.3 Delta after the operation. Slanting surgery reduced the "A" pattern in 8 of the 12 "A" patients. The mean reduction was 20.3 Delta in the "A" pattern and 36.4 Delta in the downward gaze deviation. CONCLUSION We conclude that the surgical technique of slanting muscle insertions for correcting exotropia of "A" pattern with superior oblique muscle overaction and "V" pattern without moderate or marked inferior oblique muscle overaction is suitable for reducing "A" and "V" patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Mizuki E, Park YS, Saitoh H, Yamashita S, Akao T, Higuchi K, Ohba M. Parasporin, a human leukemic cell-recognizing parasporal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000; 7:625-34. [PMID: 10882663 PMCID: PMC95925 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.7.4.625-634.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An unusual property, human leukemic cell-recognizing activity, associated with parasporal inclusions of a noninsecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolate was investigated, and a protein (named parasporin in this study) responsible for the activity was cloned. The parasporin, encoded by a gene 2,169 bp long, was a polypeptide of 723 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 81, 045. The sequence of parasporin contained the five conserved blocks commonly found in B. thuringiensis Cry proteins; however, only very low homologies (<25%) between parasporin and the existing classes of Cry and Cyt proteins were detected. Parasporin exhibited cytocidal activity only when degraded by proteases into smaller molecules of 40 to 60 kDa. Trypsin and proteinase K activated parasporin, while chymotrypsin did not. The activated parasporin showed strong cytocidal activity against human leukemic T cells (MOLT-4) and human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa) but not against normal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mizuki
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
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45
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Kim HS, Yamashita S, Akao T, Saitoh H, Higuchi K, Park YS, Mizuki E, Ohba M. In vitro cytotoxicity of non-cyt inclusion proteins of a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate against human cells, including cancer cells. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:16-23. [PMID: 10945774 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A soil isolate designated 90-F-45-14, belonging to Bacillus thuringiensis serovar dakota (H15), was examined for characterization of in vitro cytotoxicity, associated with parasporal inclusion proteins, against human cells. When activated with proteolytic processing, inclusion proteins of the isolate 90-F-45-14 exhibited a moderate cytotoxicity against the human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa) with an EC(50) value of 60.8 microg ml(-1), while showing extremely high activities on the human leukaemic T cells (MOLT-4) and the normal T cells with EC(50) values of 0.27 and 0.20 microg ml(-1), respectively. Anti-leukaemic cell activity of the 90-F-45-14 proteins was eight to nine times greater than that of the B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis proteins containing the Cyt1 protein, a broad-spectrum cytolysin. The cytopathy by the 90-F-45-14 proteins was characterized by marked cell-ballooning, while the israelensis proteins induced early breakdown of the cells due to cytolysis. Inclusions of the isolate consisted of five major polypeptides of 170, 103, 73, 40 and 32 kDa. A 100% homology was observed in the sequence of 15 N-terminal amino acids between the proteins of 170 and 103 kDa. There was no N-terminal sequence homology between 90-F-45-14 proteins and the existing Cry/Cyt proteins of B. thuringiensis. Proteolytic processing by proteinase K yielded several proteins with molecular masses ranging from 40 to 28 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Centre, Japan
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46
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Abstract
Electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of a new type of large appendage on the spores of two Bacillus cereus strains isolated from phylloplanes. The appendages were thin and sword-like in shape, having the sizes of 1.5 to 2.8 microns in length and 0.03 to 0.6 micron in width. There were no core or sheath structures in these appendages. The number of appendages on a spore ranged from three to more than twenty, radiating from the swelling on one end of the exosporium. These appendages gave a unique octopus- or jellyfish-like feature to the spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mizuki
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Marine sediments from a Japanese bay were examined for the occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis. Of 1313 colonies belonging to the Bacillus cereus/B. thuringiensis group, 22 (1.7%) were allocated to B. thuringiensis. Marine isolates of B. thuringiensis consisted of heterogeneous multiple H serogroups; 10 isolates were assigned to the eight serovars (kurstaki, sumiyoshiensis, sotto, aizawai, darmstadiensis, thompsoni, neoleonensis, and higo); two motile isolates failed to react with the reference antisera; and the others were serologically untestable. Insecticidal activities were associated with two kurstaki isolates (toxic to both Lepidoptera and Diptera) and a higo isolate (Diptera-specific). None of the parasporal inclusion proteins of the 22 isolates exhibited in vitro cytotoxic activity against two vertebrate cells, sheep erythrocytes and HeLa cells. All B. thuringiensis isolates had no halophilism, although seawater-based medium supported their growth, sporulation, and formation of parasporal inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Kyushu Medical Co., Ltd., 13-4 Ohte-machi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-0814, Japan
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Lee DW, Akao T, Yamashita S, Katayama H, Maeda M, Saitoh H, Mizuki E, Ohba M. Noninsecticidal parasporal proteins of a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis isolate exhibit a preferential cytotoxicity against human leukemic T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:218-23. [PMID: 10872830 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A Bacillus thuringiensis isolate, 89-T-34-22, belonging to the serovar shandongiensis (H22) produced noninsecticidal and nonhemolytic proteins crystallizing into irregular-shaped parasporal inclusions. The proteins showed in vitro cytotoxicity to human cells, including cancer cells, only when activated by protease treatment. The human leukemic T (MOLT-4) cells were > 100 times more susceptible than HeLa and normal T cells to the proteins of 89-T-34-22. The cytotoxicity was dose dependent and the median effective concentration for the MOLT-4 was 3.5 microg/ml. The cytopathy induced by the 89-T-34-22 proteins was characterized by remarkable condensation of the nucleus and cell-ballooning. Five major parasporal proteins of 89-T-34-22, with molecular masses in the range of 16-160 kDa, shared no similarity with the previously reported proteins in terms of the N-terminal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Lee
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Kurume, Japan
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Saitoh H, Hwang SH, Park YS, Higuchi K, Mizuki E, Ohba M. Cloning and characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo gene encoding a novel class of the delta-endotoxin protein, Cry27A, specifically active on the Anopheles mosquito. Syst Appl Microbiol 2000; 23:25-30. [PMID: 10879975 DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(00)80042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene encoding a 98-kDa mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin protein, designated Cry27A, was cloned from a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo strain. The Cry27A protein contained the five sequence blocks of amino acids commonly conserved in most B. thuringiensis Cry proteins. Relatively high homologies, ranging from 43.0% to 84.4%, existed between the Cry27A protein and several established classes of mosquitocidal Cry proteins (Cry4A, Cry10A, Cry19A, Cry19B, and Cry20A) in the sequence of 51 N-terminal amino acids. The complete sequence of this protein, however, showed low levels (<40%) of amino acid identity to those of the known Cry proteins. Although the expression level of the cry27A gene was low in the transformants under the control of its own promoter, the use of the cyt1A promoter resulted in high-level expression of the gene, leading to the formation of inclusions. The expressed Cry27A protein showed larvicidal activity highly specific for Anopheles stephensi, but lacked the toxicity against Culex pipiens molestus and Aedes aegypti. The results suggest that the Cry27A protein is responsible for the Anopheles-preferential toxicity of the B. thuringiensis serovar higo strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saitoh
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Kurume, Japan
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Abstract
Of 809 soil samples collected from the seven islands of the Ryukyus, Japan, 107 samples (13.2%) contained Bacillus thuringiensis. The frequency of B. thuringiensis among the B. cereus group was 1.1% (235/21842) on the average. The B. thuringiensis soil populations of the Ryukyus consisted of more than 22 H serogroups. The predominant H serotype was the H5ac/21 (serovar canadensis/colmeri), followed by the H3ad (serovar sumiyoshiensis) and H16 (serovar indiana). Geographically, most widely distributed H serogroups were the H16 and H10ac (serovar londrina); the former was recovered from five islands and the latter from three islands. Parasporal inclusions of the isolates were morphologically heterogeneous, roughly grouped into four categories: bipyramidal/cuboidal, spherical/ovoid, irregularly-pointed, and irregular-shaped. About 53% of the isolates formed spherical to ovoid parasporal inclusions. None of the isolates exhibited larvicidal activity against the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Only four isolates belonging to four different serotypes killed larvae of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. These mosquito-specific isolates all produced spherical parasporal inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohba
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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