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Yokoro M, Otaki N, Yano M, Tani M, Tanino N, Fukuo K. Associations between Dietary Variety and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People Who Live Alone: Gender Differences. J Frailty Aging 2021; 12:30-36. [PMID: 36629081 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influences of living arrangements on the association between dietary variety and frailty by gender in community-dwelling older people. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Nishinomiya city, Hyogo prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4,996 randomly selected community-dwelling older people aged 65 years and older and living in Nishinomiya City. MEASUREMENTS Survey questionnaires were distributed via mail. The frailty score was evaluated by the 5-item frailty screening index. Dietary variety was assessed using the dietary variety score developed for the general older Japanese population. RESULTS A total of 2,764 community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years responded to the questionnaires. After excluding missing data, 1,780 participants were included in the study analysis. The frailty scores in older men living alone were significantly higher than those in older men living with someone (P < 0.001). The dietary variety scores in older men living alone were significantly lower than those in older men living with someone (P < 0.001). However, differences in the frailty and dietary variety scores between living alone and living with someone were not were observed in older women (P = 0.360 and P = 0.265, respectively). In the multivariable regression analysis, the associations between dietary variety score and frailty score in living alone (β= -0. 271, P = 0.011) were stronger than those in living with someone in the case of older men (β= -0.131, P = 0.045). Similar associations between dietary variety and frailty were presented in older women living alone than in those living with someone (β -0.114, P = 0.002; β -0.088, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Older men who live alone had higher frailty score and lower dietary variety. The associations between dietary variety and frailty were different according to living arrangements in both older men and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yokoro
- Naoto Otaki, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan. , Tel and Fax: +81-798-45-3728
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Otaki N, Tanino N, Yokoro M, Yano M, Akita M, Uemura H, Maeda M, Fukuo K. Relationship between Economic Security and Self-Rated Health in Elderly Japanese Residents Living Alone. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:695-699. [PMID: 29806858 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between economic security and self-rated health for elderly Japanese residents living alone. DESIGN A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. SETTING N City, H. Prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Survey questionnaires were distributed to 2,985 elderly residents living alone, aged ≥70 years, of which, 1,939 (65.0%) were returned and treated as valid responses. MEASUREMENTS The survey included questions about gender, age, number of years spent in N City, self-rated health, economic security, number of years spent living alone, reason for living alone, life satisfaction, cooking frequency, frequency of seeing a doctor, long-term care service usage, as well as whether they enjoyed their lives, participated in social organizations. RESULTS Of the respondents, 1,563 (80.6%) reported that they were economically secure, and 376 (19.4%) responded that they were insecure. The odds ratio predicting poor self-rated health for the economically insecure participants was significantly high (odds ratio: 3.19, 95%, Confidence Interval (CI): 2.53-4.02, and P < 0.001). Similarly, the adjusted odds ratio for poor self-rated health was significantly high for the economically insecure participants in multivariate analyses controlling for factors such as age, gender, cooking frequency, and social participation (adjusted odds ratio: 2.21, 95%, CI: 1.70-2.88, and P < 0.001). Furthermore, a similar trend was observed in stratified analyses based on gender and age groups. CONCLUSION Economic security predicted self-rated health independently of confounders, including social participation and cooking frequency, among the elderly Japanese living alone in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Otaki
- Keisuke Fukuo, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan, Tel and Fax: +81-798-45-9922,
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Otaki N, Obayashi K, Saeki K, Kitagawa M, Tone N, Kurumatani N. Relationship between Breakfast Skipping and Obesity among Elderly: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the HEIJO-KYO Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:501-504. [PMID: 28448079 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breakfast skipping is reported to be associated with obesity in children and younger populations; however, few studies report the association among elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between breakfast skipping and obesity prevalence among elderly. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Community-dwelling elderly in Nara, Japan. PARTICIPANTS 1052 elderly participants (mean age: 71.6 years). MEASUREMENTS Obesity and breakfast skipping were defined as body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and skipping breakfast one or more times per week, respectively. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-two participants (25.9%) were classified as obese and forty-one (3.9%) were as breakfast skippers. Obesity prevalence was significantly higher in breakfast skippers than in breakfast eaters (43.9% vs. 25.1%, P = 0.007). In multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex and alcohol consumption), breakfast skippers showed significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for obesity than breakfast eaters (OR, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-4.27; P = 0.015), which continued to be significant after further adjustment for socioeconomic status. In addition, breakfast skippers showed significantly lower daily potassium (P <0.001) and dietary fibre intakes (P = 0.001) and lower subjective physical activity (P = 0.035) than breakfast eaters. CONCLUSIONS Breakfast skipping was significantly associated with obesity among elderly. Poor diet quality and physical inactivity may be potential intermediators underlying the association between breakfast skipping and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Otaki
- Keigo Saeki, MD, PhD, 840 Shijocho, Kashiharashi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan, E-mail: , Phone: +81-744-22-3051, Fax: +81-744-25-7657
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Kubo K, Sakita Y, Otaki N, Kimura M, Minami T. Rapid identification of metallothionein isoforms in liver cytosol fraction by capillary zone electrophoresis using EDTA. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000; 742:193-8. [PMID: 10892598 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Identification of metallothionein (MT) isoforms on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) analysis was studied using a linear polyacrylamide-coated capillary at pH 7.4 and EDTA. The CZE system was able to separate standard (purified and commercially available) MT specimens into their isoforms within 10 min. The peaks of MT-1 and MT-2 isoforms disappeared on addition of EDTA to the specimen, and the disappearance was shown to be time-dependent and dose-dependent, although the reason why the peaks decreased is still unclear. A heat-treated cytosol fraction prepared from Zn-injected mouse liver showed many major and minor peaks on CZE analysis. Two major peaks were identified to be MT-1 and MT-2, respectively, by co-injection with the purified MT isoforms. When EDTA was added to the cytosol fraction, the two major peaks, MT-1 and MT-2, and three other minor peaks disappeared time-dependently. Therefore, each MT isoform in the cytosol fraction can be identified by the addition of EDTA, also the peaks are identified by the corresponding migration times of purified MTs. Unknown substances like MT sub-isoforms may also be detected, although this question warrants clarification. From these results, it was concluded that the addition of EDTA is useful for identification of MT isoforms in cytosol fractions on CZE analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
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Kubo K, Sakita Y, Okazaki Y, Otaki N, Kimura M, Minami T. Identification of metallothionein isoforms on capillary zone electrophoresis by adding anti-metallothionein antibody. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 736:185-90. [PMID: 10676998 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify metallothionein (MT) isoforms in mouse liver by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Purified MT-1 and MT-2 isoforms were completely separated by CZE using a polyacrylamide-coated tube at physiologic pH. There were two peaks in the cytosol fraction prepared from zinc-injected mouse liver, in which the migration times corresponded with those of purified MT-1 and MT-2 isoforms. When anti-MT monoclonal antibody was added with the purified MT-1 or MT-2 solution, the peaks decreased. Furthermore, the two peaks in the cytosol prepared from Zn-injected mouse liver decreased in a time-dependent manner from the electropherogram after the addition of the antibody. Therefore, those peaks were identified as MT-1 and MT-2 isoforms, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of anti-MT monoclonal antibody to the cytosol fraction of tissues is an effective method for identification of MT isoforms after separation using CZE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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Ishihara Y, Kyono H, Kohyama N, Otaki N, Serita F, Toya T, Kagawa J. Acute biological effects of intratracheally instilled titanium dioxide whiskers compared with nonfibrous titanium dioxide and amosite in rats. Inhal Toxicol 1999; 11:131-49. [PMID: 10380163 DOI: 10.1080/089583799197212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The dimensions of man-made mineral fiber whiskers are similar to those of some kinds of asbestos. Thus these mineral fibers raise the concern for potential health hazard for workers exposed in the occupational environments. This study was designed to define acute biological effects of intratracheally administered titanium dioxide whiskers (TO1) compared with nonfibrous titanium dioxide (TOP) and UICC amosite (Ams), and their relations to acute lung inflammation in rats. The observed geometric mean length (microm) and width (microm) and geometric standard deviation are: TO1(2.1[2.0], 0.14[1. 53]); Ams (4.3[3.3], 0.31[1.9]); and TOP (50 nm, 1-2 microm aggregates). Ten-week-old Wistar-Jcl male rats received a single tracheal injection of test materials at doses between 0.05 and 1.0 mg/rat. Control animals were injected with the same volume of saline. Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected from rats on days 1, 3, and 7 after administration. In the group injected with TO1, total protein, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)/growth-regulated gene product (GRO), interleukin (IL) 1beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha increased on day 1. Subsequently, total elastolytic activity and fucose levels in BAL increased by day 3. All parameters, except for fucose in BAL, recovered to the normal levels. Animals in the Ams group showed increased total protein and CINC/GRO and decreased total elastolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner on day 1. The fucose level increased on day 3 in the Ams group. All parameters returned to their control levels on day 7. Animals in the TOP group did not show significant changes any of parameters during the experimental period. Gene expression of TNF-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 3 in the lung increased dose-dependently in the animals treated with the three materials. The mRNAs for eotaxin and MIP-1alpha were overexpressed in the lung of animals treated with Ams and TO1, while RANTES mRNA was overexpressed dose-dependently in the lung of animals treated with Ams on day 1. Onset of inflammatory response was more rapid in the Ams group than the TO1 group. Recovery of the fucose level in BAL was slower in the TO1 group than in the Ams group, though we observed similar histopathological changes in the lung of animals with TO1 or Ams. We conclude that whisker-induced acute biological effects in the lung may be related to the shape of the whiskers and not to their chemical composition or surface crystal structure, showing biological effects similar to those of UICC amosite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishihara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health (I), School of Medicine, Tokyo Women s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Minami T, Matsubara H, O-higashi M, Otaki N, Kimura M, Kubo K, Okabe N, Okazaki Y. Identification of metallothionein isoforms with capillary zone electrophoresis using a polyacrylamide-coated tube. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996; 685:353-9. [PMID: 8953179 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) isoforms from various liver tissues were separated with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using a polyacrylamide-coated tube at neutral pH. The electrophoresis was performed on MT-1 and MT-2 purified from mouse, rat, rabbit and human livers. The retention times of mouse and rat MT-1 coincided, while the retention times of rabbit and human MT-1 were longer. The retention times of MT-2 purified from the four sources were the same. MT-1 and MT-2 separated more definitely with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-Tris buffer (25 mM, pH 7.4) than with N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropane sulfonic acid (TAPS)-Tris buffer (25 mM, pH 7.7) or with N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA)-Tris buffer (25 mM, pH 7.4). In addition, liver MT isoforms prepared from Zn- or Cd-administered mice could be separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Minami
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
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Itoh N, Kasutani K, Muto N, Otaki N, Kimura M, Tanaka K. Blocking effect of anti-mouse interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU38486, on metallothionein-inducing activity of serum from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Toxicology 1996; 112:29-36. [PMID: 8792846 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(96)03345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although there is much evidence to suggest that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation of hepatic metallothionein (MT) contents is mediated by cytokines, the presence of MT-inducing activity in the serum of LPS-treated animals has not been examined. It was found that serum from LPS-treated mice stimulated MT induction in a hepatoma cell culture. The MT-inducing activity in serum was highest 2 h after LPS injection. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the serum were highest 1 and 2 h, respectively, after LPS injection. Anti-mouse IL-6 monoclonal antibody neutralized MT-inducing activity in serum obtained from mice 2 h after LPS injection. The MT-inducing activity in serum was blocked by the glucocorticoid antagonist, RU38486. A similar requirement for glucocorticoid was also observed in an IL-6-stimulated culture. These results show that the LPS-induced elevation of hepatic MT is mediated by IL-6, and the expression of the stimulating activity of IL-6 is dependent on the presence of glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Itoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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Kon-ya K, Shimidzu N, Otaki N, Yokoyama A, Adachi K, Miki W. Inhibitory effect of bacterial ubiquinones on the settling of barnacle,Balanus amphitrite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01929360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) concentrations were measured in the seminal plasma of 4 fertile and 35 infertile men and in the hydrocele and spermatocele fluids. The relationship between MT content and sperm density, total number of sperm per ejaculate, sperm motility and abnormal form rates, leukocyte count and zinc levels in seminal plasma, as well as the relationship between MT and serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin were examined. MT was not detected in the hydrocele and spermatocele fluids. MT levels were related to zinc levels and to the leukocyte count in seminal plasma, but there was no correlation between MT and the other factors examined. This study supported previous findings that MT was secreted predominantly from the prostate and induced by inflammation of the prostate gland or seminal vesicles; the findings suggest that MT binds mainly to zinc and is one of the zinc-binding proteins in seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Abstract
Localization of metallothionein (MT) in the developing human brain was investigated by immunohistochemical techniques. Fetal brain at 21 weeks showed no MT expression. In 35-week-old fetuses, glial cells in the gray matter showed MT expression in the nucleus and perinuclear cytoplasm, but glial cells in the white matter showed MT not only in the nucleus and perinuclear cytoplasm but also in glial processes. At 40 weeks, glial cells in gray and white matter expressed immunoreactive MT in the nucleus, cytoplasm and glial processes. Blood vessels were positive for MT. In the infant brain, there were clear differences in glial cells between protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes; their nuclei, cytoplasm and processes were positive for MT, but the MT-positive glial processes of protoplasmic astrocytes were fine. In the child, typical protoplasmic astrocytes in gray matter and fibrous astrocytes in white matter were observed and their nuclei, cytoplasm and glial processes were positive for MT. Pia mater and blood vessels expressed MT in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, College of Medical Care and Technology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Tsujikawa K, Suzuki N, Shimaoka T, Iida K, Kohama Y, Otaki N, Kimura M, Sugiyama T, Mimura T. Abnormal accumulation of copper-metallothionein in the liver and kidney of Long-Evans rats with a cinnamon-like coat color (LEC rats). Biol Pharm Bull 1994; 17:591-5. [PMID: 7920414 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.17.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We determined the copper (Cu) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations in the liver and kidney supernatants of Long-Evans rats with a cinnamon-like coat color (LEC rats), and also measured the Cu and MT levels in the serum of these rats. Seven-week-old rats had abnormally high levels of both substances in the liver. The levels in the liver supernatant were over 80- and 16-fold higher, respectively, in LEC rats than in normal 7-week-old Wistar rats. LEC rats suffering from acute hepatitis or hepatoma had a much higher level of hepatic MT, but the Cu level was higher only in the liver of those with hepatoma. The serum levels of Cu and MT in LEC rats with acute hepatitis were more than 10-fold higher than those in normal LEC rats. These levels were decreased in the rats with chronic hepatitis or hepatoma. In the liver of LEC rats with hepatoma, the area of hepatocellular carcinoma and of noncancerous liver showed over twice higher Cu and MT levels than the area of cholangiofibrosis. The Sephadex G-75 elution profile from the liver supernatant of a normal LEC rat showed that the peak of Cu closely corresponded to that of MT recognized with anti-MT antiserum. The levels of Cu and MT in the kidney supernatant of LEC rats with acute hepatitis were more than 25-fold higher than in that of normal LEC rats. However, there were no marked increases in the levels in the kidney supernatant of LEC rats with chronic hepatitis or hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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Tsujikawa K, Suzuki N, Sagawa K, Itoh M, Sugiyama T, Kohama Y, Otaki N, Kimura M, Mimura T. Induction and subcellular localization of metallothionein in regenerating rat liver. Eur J Cell Biol 1994; 63:240-6. [PMID: 8082648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly specific antiserum against rat liver metallothionein (MT) was raised in a Japanese white rabbit. Using this anti-MT antiserum, we found that MT was localized in the nuclei as well as in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in newborn rats. Since it is known that these cells are growing actively, we suspected that there was a relationship between the localization of MT in cell nuclei and the cell proliferation. Therefore, the induction and subcellular localization of MT were examined in rat liver remaining after 70% removal. MT was induced in the remnant liver rapidly after the hepatectomy, its concentration being about 80-fold higher than that of the intact liver. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MT was translocated into the nuclei from the cytoplasm of hepatocytes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The highest MT level in the nuclei was observed 24 h after hepatectomy. MT-stained positive nuclei were in S to G2M phases of the cell cycle of regenerating hepatocytes, and the nuclei in G1 phase were not stained with anti-MT antiserum. The increase in hepatic MT levels did not directly cause MT translocation into the nuclei. These results suggested that MT was a cell cycle-dependent, nuclear protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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Abstract
The localization of metallothionein (MT), a small molecular weight heavy metal binding protein in aged human brain, was investigated by immunohistochemical techniques. The amount of MT and heavy metals (Zn, Cu) were also assayed by radioimmunoassay and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Immunohistochemically, MT was found in the pia mater, ependymal cells, protoplasmic astrocytes nand glial processes neuropil of the gray matter and fibrous astrocytes of the white matter of the telencephalon, whereas oligodendroglia and microglia did not show any positive immunostaining for MT. Cytoplasm, glial processes and some nuclei of protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes showed strong MT immunostaining. Vascular feet and adventitia were also positive for MT immunostaining. Moreover, the pia mater, astrocytes and ependyma in the diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cord showed the same positive immunostaining for MT as the telencephalon. In the cerebellum, Bergmann's glia, protoplasmic astrocytes of the granular layer and fibrous astrocytes of the white matter showed strongly positive immunostaining for MT. According to the radioimmunoassay, the amount of MT in the brain was relatively high at about 39.3 +/- 9.5 micrograms/g wet weight; of the heavy metals in the brain, zinc and copper were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, College of Medical Care and Technology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Sakurai H, Nakajima K, Kamada H, Satoh H, Otaki N, Kimura M, Kawano K, Hagino T. Copper-metallothionein distribution in the liver of Long-Evans cinnamon rats: studies on immunohistochemical staining, metal determination, gel filtration and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 192:893-8. [PMID: 8387294 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of metallothionein (MT) and copper ion (Cu) in the liver of LEC (Long-Evans Cinnamon) rats was investigated to examine the relationship between Cu-MT induction and the development of hepatitis followed by hepatocellular carcinomas. Immunohistochemical studies on MT in the liver of LEC rats indicated that MT is accumulated in nuclei and cytosols. Both MT and Cu, estimated by radioimmunoassay and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively, in subcellular fractions of the liver were found to be concentrated highest in cytosols, followed by nuclei, mitochondria and microsomal fractions. Gel-filtration (Sephadex G-75) studies demonstrated that MT is induced as the Cu-MT form. Furthermore, the Cu-MT fragment purified by the gel-filtration contains the Cu(I)-MT form, as demonstrated by ESR (electron spin resonance) measurements at 77K. These results will be important for understanding the development of hepatitis in LEC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sakurai
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich heavy metal-binding proteins, whose possible functions are thought to be the protection against toxic metals as well as the regulation of essential metals. It is known that there are several MT isoforms, but the biological roles of the individual isoforms have not been elucidated. To facilitate the functional analysis of these isoforms, we improved an analytical method of MTs developed previously, which is based on a denaturing gel electrophoresis of chemically modified MTs. The established technique makes it possible not only to separate MT isoforms with a high resolution, but to estimate the levels of the individual isoforms by analyzing directly crude cell extracts. By this method, six MT isoforms were identified in the extracts of Cd-exposed human cells. It was also revealed that there is an apparent heterogeneity of the rat liver MT; five isoforms were identified in the liver extracts of Cd-injected rats. The present method will be useful in the functional analysis of the MT isoforms, as well as in a variety of aspects of the MT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koizumi
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan
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Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) induction in the rat prostate gland was investigated by means of cadmium chloride administration. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats housed with cadmium free food were divided into three groups of six rats each and castrated. After seven days, 1 mg of testosterone propionate per rat was injected subcutaneously once a day until the end of the experiment. After three weeks, rats were injected daily for six days with a physiological saline, 0.3 mg/kg CdCl2, and 0.9 mg/kg CdCl2. MT concentration of the ventral and dorsal lobes was significantly increased in the three groups in proportion to the dose of CdCl2. MT content of the lateral lobe in three groups was also increased, but was not significantly different. Immunohistochemically, MT was induced mainly in the ventral lobe in the basal cells, and in the lateral and dorsal lobes in the epithelial cells. The weights of the prostatic lobes were similar in the three groups, and no histological change was identified. These results suggested that MT in the prostate was induced by cadmium administration, and that it may prevent cellular damage from harmful metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Sakurai H, Kamada H, Fukudome A, Kito M, Takeshima S, Kimura M, Otaki N, Nakajima K, Kawano K, Hagino T. Copper-metallothionein induction in the liver of LEC rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185:548-52. [PMID: 1610350 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91659-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, copper (Cu) was found to be unusually accumulated, suggesting the induction of metallothionein (MT) in the liver of LEC rats (Long-Evans rats with a cinnamon-like coat color), which develop spontaneous jaundice with hereditary hepatitis. Thus, the direct relationship between the unusual Cu accumulation and the induction of Cu-MT was investigated by giving LEC rats Cu-overloaded or Cu-deficient diets. Results based on the determinations of Cu and MT levels in several organs, as well as the gel-filtration profiles of the cytosols of liver homogenates, showed that dietary Cu induced Cu-MT and development of hepatic injury associated with jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sakurai
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Suzuki T, Yamanaka H, Nakajima K, Suzuki K, Kanatani K, Kimura M, Ohma C, Otaki N. Immunohistochemical study of metallothionein in human seminal vesicles. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1992; 167:127-34. [PMID: 1475785 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.167.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) in human seminal vesicles was examined by use of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Tissues were obtained from six patients with prostate cancer who underwent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist or estrogen therapy before radical prostatectomy (group 1) and from 18 patients without hormone therapy (three with prostate cancer, three with urinary bladder cancer, and twelve free of urogenital diseases at autopsy) (group 2). MT was localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei of epithelial cells and also in secretory products in the lumen. The epithelial cells lacked uniformity in immunoreaction; for instance, some stained strongly while others stained weakly. Smooth muscle cells were found to have positive immunoreaction, but other connective tissues had no immunoreaction. The number of strongly positive cells in group 1 was fewer than that in group 2 (not significant), and the secretory products in group 1 had no immunoreaction. These results suggest that MT is synthesized in the epithelial cells of the seminal vesicles and secreted into the fluids, and that the synthesis of MT is suppressed by the hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Sakurai H, Fukudome A, Tawa R, Kito M, Takeshima S, Kimura M, Otaki N, Nakajima K, Hagino T, Kawano K. Unusual accumulation of copper related to induction of metallothionein in the liver of LEC rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 184:1393-7. [PMID: 1317172 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) levels in organs of LEC rats (Long-Evans rats with a cinnamon-like coat color), which develop spontaneous jaundice with hereditary hepatitis, were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis method. Unusual accumulations of Cu in the liver of LEC rats were found, depending on the age of the animals, the metal concentration being more than approximately 20-40 times those of normal LEA rats (Long-Evans rats with an agouti coat color). Fe and Zn were also accumulated, in addition to Cu, significantly in the LEC rats. The unusual Cu accumulations in the liver of LEC rats were associated with the induction of metallothionein, estimated by radioimmunoassay method, in the liver of LEC rats, rather than that of superoxide dismutase, estimated by electron spin resonance -spin trapping method. These findings suggest that the unusual Cu accumulation in LEC rats is involved in the development of jaundice, hepatic injury and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sakurai
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Suzuki T, Yamanaka H, Tamura Y, Nakajima K, Kanatani K, Kimura M, Otaki N. Metallothionein of prostatic tissues and fluids in rats and humans. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1992; 166:251-7. [PMID: 1373527 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.166.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed metallothionein (MT) in rat prostates by gel filtration and radioimmunoassay. The concentration of MT in the prostate, kidney and liver of cadmium-induced rats was measured. The concentration of MT was also measured in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer and the prostatic fluids from various prostatic diseases in humans. MT was detected in rat prostates by gel filtration and radioimmunoassay. The concentration of MT (micrograms/g wet tissue) was 0.3 +/- 0.1 (S.D.) in the ventral lobe, 30.4 +/- 24.0 in the lateral lobe, 5.2 +/- 0.9 in the dorsal lobe, 25.0 +/- 6.4 in the kidney and 2.0 +/- 1.5 in the liver of the rat control group. Change in MT content in CdCl2-induced organs increased quantitatively with the dose administered. The concentration of MT (micrograms/g wet tissue) in human prostate was 99.3 +/- 121.8 in the peripheral zone (PZ), 12.0 +/- 8.5 in the preprostatic region (PR), 7.3 +/- 3.1 in the central zone (CZ), 17.5 +/- 15.0 in benign hyperplastic nodules (A) and 4.2 +/- 0.5 in cancer tissue (CA). MT concentration in PZ was very high and that of CA, low (p less than 0.05). MT concentration in prostatic fluids (ng/mg protein) was 11.5 +/- 5.7 in normal patients, 3.8 +/- 2.3 in acute prostatitis, 6.5 +/- 3.7 in chronic prostatitis with pyuria, 39.6 +/- 3.9 in chronic prostatitis without pyuria and 16.9 +/- 3.0 in benign prostatic hyperplasia. We concluded that MT in the prostate is induced by heavy metals and secreted into prostatic fluid. Possibly, it is a marker of secretory function in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Tsujikawa K, Imai T, Kakutani M, Kayamori Y, Mimura T, Otaki N, Kimura M, Fukuyama R, Shimizu N. Localization of metallothionein in nuclei of growing primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 1991; 283:239-42. [PMID: 2044762 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80597-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes stimulated by epidermal growth factor and insulin, dramatic changes in the subcellular distribution of metallothionein were clarified by indirect immunofluorescence using antisera specific for this protein. Metallothionein was detected only in the cytoplasm of cultured hepatocytes in the G0 and G1 phases, but was concentrated in the cell nuclei in the early S phase. The strongest staining pattern in the nuclei was observed 12 h after stimulation. Subsequently, the intensity of metallothionein staining in the nuclei decreased. These results suggest that primary cultured hepatocytes are suitable for examining the relation between subcellular localization of metallothionein and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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Abstract
HeLa cells synthesize metallothioneins in response to Cd2+. The kinetics of thionein (apoprotein of metallothionein) synthesis was studied by pulse-labelling the cells with [35S]cysteine and measuring relative amounts of the labelled thioneins separated by electrophoresis. Thionein synthesis rapidly increases in the first 6-8 h after exposure to 0.5 micrograms of Cd2+/ml, and begins to decrease in a few hours after reaching the maximum. However, the rate of synthesis never returns to the basal value at least in 30 h after Cd2+ exposure; instead, the second increase in thionein synthesis occurs at 16-18 h. A possible regulatory mechanism of thionein synthesis is discussed from these results, together with the data on intracellular accumulation and subcellular distribution of 109Cd2+. The initial increase of thionein synthesis is accompanied by an increase of mRNA coding for thioneins (MT-mRNA). The induction of MT-mRNA is sensitive to Actinomycin D, but not to cycloheximide, suggesting transcriptional regulation without any mediating protein synthesis. Two thionein isomers are coded for by mRNA molecules of almost the same size, which is similar to that of hepatic MT-mRNA of mouse and rat.
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Koizumi S, Otaki N, Kimura M. Evidence for more than two metallothionein isoforms in primates. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:3672-5. [PMID: 3972842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two isoforms of metallothionein (MT) have in general been identified in mammalian cells. We have analyzed Cd2+-induced MTs of primate origin and demonstrated the presence of more than two isoforms. Four low molecular weight Cd2+-binding proteins were separated from Cd2+-exposed HeLa cells by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography and identified as MTs by amino acid analysis. These were carboxymethylated and analyzed by electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Three of these proteins were found to be distinct molecules. We also analyzed hepatic MTs from Cd2+-exposed rhesus monkeys, which have previously been partially separated. In this case, five distinct isomers were detected.
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Otaki N, Kimura M. Preparation of rabbit beta 2-microglobulin. Ind Health 1980; 18:165-170. [PMID: 6161116 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.18.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Kimura M, Otaki N, Kakefuda T. Characterization of cadmium-induced metallothionein in African green monkey kidney cells in vitro. Experientia Suppl 1979; 34:187-96. [PMID: 299365 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-6493-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Otaki N, Kagawa. [Clinical experience with clindamycin-2-phosphate in dermatological infections (author's transl)]. Jpn J Antibiot 1977; 30:169-73. [PMID: 853575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Young male rats were fed a diet containing cadmium (0, 10, 30, 100, and 300 ppm) so as to morphologically investigate the relationship between bone and kidney lesions caused by experimental cadmium intoxication. In the early stage of the experiment, before the occurrence of kidney lesions, ingeted cadmium caused osteoporotic changes in bone. In later stages, slight pathologic changes in the kdidney occurred in association with urinary excretion of cadmium. However, there was no evidence of osteomalacic change in bone during the 12-week experimental period. These findings suggest that cadmium may act primarily on bone, rather than secondarily through disturbances of the kidneys, which have some protective ability against cadmium intoxication in the early stage of ingestion of the metal.
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Abstract
Purified tyrosinase T1 was incubated with neuraminidase. The catalytic activity of tyrosinase was essentially retained, after this treatment. The tyrosinase band (Dopa stained) was transformed into a new less anodic form, similar to tyrosinase T2, on disc electrophoresis. The band of protein was also converted to the same position as the Dopa stained. The other hand, the only one PAS stained band of native tyrosinase T1 was splitted into the three slower-moving bands. One was consistent with Dopa and protein stained bands. The other two were much more slower than the former band and completely free of peptide and enzymic activity. The PAS-densitometric value of native tyrosinase T1 was almost equal to those of three separated bands in total. These results suggest that mammalian tyrosinase is a kind of glycoprotein.
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Kimura M, Otaki N, Yoshiki S, Suzuki M, Horiuchi N. The isolation of metallothionein and its protective role in cadmium poisoning. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 165:340-8. [PMID: 4441078 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Suda T, Horiuchi N, Ogata E, Ezawa I, Otaki N. Prevention by metallothionein of cadmium-induced inhibition of vitamin D activation reaction in kidney. FEBS Lett 1974; 42:23-6. [PMID: 4369038 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Otaki N. Melanosome and lysosome. II. Digestion of melanosome with mouse liver lysosome. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1970; 17:179-86. [PMID: 5273194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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