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Anderson J, Imran S, Ng YY, Wang T, Ashley S, Minh Thang C, Quang Thanh L, Thi Trang Dai V, Van Thanh P, Thi Hong Nhu B, Ngoc Xuan Trang D, Thi Phuong Trinh P, Thanh Binh L, Thuong Vu N, Trong Toan N, Novakovic B, Tang MLK, Wurzel D, Mulholland K, Pellicci DG, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Differential anti-viral response to respiratory syncytial virus A in preterm and term infants. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105044. [PMID: 38447274 PMCID: PMC10933467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are more likely to experience severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease compared to term infants. The reasons for this are multi-factorial, however their immature immune system is believed to be a major contributing factor. METHODS We collected cord blood from 25 preterm (gestational age 30.4-34.1 weeks) and 25 term infants (gestation age 37-40 weeks) and compared the response of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) to RSVA and RSVB stimulation using neutralising assays, high-dimensional flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine assays and RNA-sequencing. FINDINGS We found that preterm and term infants had similar maternally derived neutralising antibody titres to RSVA and RSVB. Preterm infants had significantly higher myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) RSV infection compared to term infants. Differential gene expression analysis of RSVA stimulated CBMCs revealed enrichment of genes involved in cytokine production and immune regulatory pathways involving IL-10, IL-36γ, CXCL1, CXCL2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 in term infants, while differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in preterm infants were related to cell cycle (CDK1, TTK, ESCO2, KNL1, CDC25A, MAD2L1) without associated expression of immune response genes. Furthermore, enriched genes in term infants were highly correlated suggesting an increased co-ordination of their immune response to RSVA. When comparing DEGs in preterm and term infants following RSVB stimulation, no differences in immune response genes were identified. INTERPRETATION Overall, our data suggests that preterm infants have a more restricted immunological response to RSVA compared with term infants. While further studies are required, these findings may help to explain why preterm infants are more susceptible to severe RSV disease and identify potential therapeutic targets to protect these vulnerable infants. FUNDING Murdoch Children's Research Institute Infection and Immunity theme grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Samira Imran
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Yung Ng
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Ashley
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boris Novakovic
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Piyaphanee N, Charuvanij S, Thepveera S, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Pattaragarn A, Wongprompitak P, Boonnak K, Pheerapanyawaranun C, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2024; 33:450-461. [PMID: 38335115 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241232576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (adoSLE) receiving either high- or low-dose immunosuppressant (High-IS and Low-IS). METHODS Patients aged 12-18 years diagnosed with SLE were enrolled. High-IS was defined as >7.5 mg/day prednisolone or with other immunosuppressant, while Low-IS was defined as only ≤7.5 mg/day of prednisolone and no immunosuppressant. Two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination were given 4 weeks apart, followed by a booster (third) dose at 4-6 months later. Anti-spike receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG against Wuhan, neutralising antibody (NT) against Wuhan and Omicron variants, and cellular immune response by IFN-γ-ELISpot assay were evaluated following vaccination. Adverse events (AEs) and SLE flare were monitored. RESULTS A total of 73 participants were enrolled, 40 and 33 in the High-IS and Low-IS group, respectively. At 4 weeks following the 2nd dose, overall anti-RBD IgG seropositivity was 97.3%, with no difference between the groups (p = .498). AdoSLE on High-IS had lower anti-RBD IgG (p < .001), Wuhan NT (p < .001), and IFN-γ-ELISpot (p = .022) than those on Low-IS. A 3rd dose induced significantly higher antibody responses than after the 2nd dose (p < .001) in both groups and established seroconversion against Omicron variants, with persistent lower antibody levels in High-IS group. SELENA-SLEDAI scores within 12 weeks after 2-dose vaccination was higher than before vaccination (3.1 vs 2.5; p < .036); however, the occurrence of disease flare by SELENA-SLEDAI flare index was not different after vaccination compared to before vaccination, consistent across groups. Non-severe AEs occurred similarly in both groups. CONCLUSION AdoSLE on High-IS induced lower SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune responses than Low-IS. Vaccination can increase disease activity and requires close monitoring for disease flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntawan Piyaphanee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Charuvanij
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutheera Thepveera
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anirut Pattaragarn
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Mackenzie GA, Osei I, Salaudeen R, Licciardi PV, Greenwood B, Mulholland K, Nguyen C. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedules in infants-acquisition, immunogenicity, and pneumococcal conjugate and yellow fever vaccine co-administration study: statistical analysis plan. Trials 2024; 25:216. [PMID: 38532475 PMCID: PMC10964629 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The effectiveness of immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been demonstrated in many countries. However, the global impact of PCV is limited by its cost, which has prevented its introduction in some countries. Reducing the cost of PCV programmes will facilitate further vaccine introductions and improve the sustainability of PCV in low-income countries when they transition from subsidised vaccine supply. We are conducting a large, population-level, cluster-randomised field trial (PVS) of an alternative reduced-dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule. We are also conducting a nested sub-study at the individual level to investigate the immunogenicity of the two schedules and their effects on pneumococcal carriage acquisition (PVS-AcqImm). METHODS AND DESIGN PVS-AcqImm is a prospective, cluster-randomised trial of an alternative schedule of one dose of PCV scheduled at age 6 weeks with a booster dose at age 9 months compared to the standard of three primary doses scheduled at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Sub-groups within the alternative schedule group receive yellow fever vaccine separately or co-administered with PCV at 9 months of age. The primary endpoints are (a) concentrations of vaccine-type anti-pneumococcal IgG at 18 months of age, (b) proportions with yellow fever neutralising antibody titre ≥ 1:8 4 weeks after separate or co-administration of PCV and yellow fever vaccines, and (c) rate of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal acquisition from 10-14 months of age. Participants and field staff are not masked to group allocation while measurement of the laboratory endpoints is masked. Approximately equal numbers of participants are resident in each of 28 randomly allocated geographic clusters (14 clusters in each group); 784 enrolled for acquisition measurements and 336 for immunogenicity measurements. PURPOSE This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the PVS-AcqImm cohort and follow-up criteria to be used in different analyses. The SAP defines the endpoints and describes how adherence to the interventions will be presented. We describe the approach to analyses and how we will account for the effect of clustering. Defining the SAP prior to the conduct of analysis will avoid bias in analyses that may arise from prior knowledge of trial findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN7282161328. Registered on 28 November 2019. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN72821613 . PROTOCOL MRCG SCC number 1670, LSHTM Ref 17683. Current protocol version: 6.0, 24 May 2021. Version: 1.0 (5 April 2023); SAP revisions-none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Mackenzie
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia.
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Isaac Osei
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rasheed Salaudeen
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Greenwood
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cattram Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Manning J, Manna S, Dunne EM, Bongcaron V, Pell CL, Patterson NL, Kuil SD, Dhar P, Goldblatt D, Kim Mulholland E, Licciardi PV, Robins-Browne RM, Malley R, Wijburg O, Satzke C. Immunization with a whole cell vaccine reduces pneumococcal nasopharyngeal density and shedding, and middle ear infection in mice. Vaccine 2024; 42:1714-1722. [PMID: 38350767 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) have substantially reduced the burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). However, protection is limited to vaccine serotypes, and when administered to children who are colonized with pneumococci at the time of vaccination, immune responses to the vaccine are blunted. Here, we investigate the potential of a killed whole cell pneumococcal vaccine (WCV) to reduce existing pneumococcal carriage and mucosal disease when given therapeutically to infant mice colonized with pneumococci. We show that a single dose of WCV reduced pneumococcal carriage density in an antibody-dependent manner. Therapeutic vaccination induced robust immune responses to pneumococcal surface antigens CbpA, PspA (family 1) and PiaA. In a co-infection model of otitis media, a single dose of WCV reduced pneumococcal middle ear infection. Lastly, in a two-dose model, therapeutic administration of WCV reduced nasal shedding of pneumococci. Taken together, our data demonstrate that WCV administered in colonized mice reduced pneumococcal density in the nasopharynx and the middle ear, and decreased shedding. WCVs would be beneficial in low and middle-income settings where pneumococcal carriage in children is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Manning
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Manna
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eileen M Dunne
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Viktoria Bongcaron
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Casey L Pell
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sacha D Kuil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poshmaal Dhar
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Goldblatt
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Kim Mulholland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roy M Robins-Browne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infectious Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Odilia Wijburg
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Translational Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Moscatelli OG, Russell AK, Henneken LM, Hardy MY, Mazarakis N, Higgins R, Ekin J, McLeod H, Simkin P, Licciardi PV, Bryant VL, Tye-Din JA. Impaired IgM Memory B Cell Function Is Common in Coeliac Disease but Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccination Induces Robust Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:214. [PMID: 38400197 PMCID: PMC10891918 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is associated with hyposplenism, an acquired impairment of spleen function associated with reduced IgM memory B cells and increased susceptibility to serious pneumococcal infection. Little is known about the immune implications of hyposplenism in CD or the optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategy. In this study, the immune effects of hyposplenism in CD, and the accuracy of screening approaches and protective responses induced by two different pneumococcal vaccines were examined. Active and treated CD cohorts, and healthy and surgically splenectomised controls underwent testing for the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies and pitted red cells, spleen ultrasound, and immune assessment of IgM memory B cell frequency and IgM memory B cell responses to T cell-dependent (TD) or T cell-independent (TI) stimulation. Responses following conjugate (TD) and polysaccharide (TI) pneumococcal vaccination were compared using ELISA and opsonophagocytic assays. Although hyposplenism is rare in treated CD (5.1%), functional B cell defects are common (28-61%) and are not detected by current clinical tests. Conjugate pneumococcal vaccination induced superior and sustained protection against clinically relevant serotypes. Clinical practice guidelines in CD should recommend routine pneumococcal vaccination, ideally with a conjugate vaccine, of all patients in lieu of hyposplenism screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G. Moscatelli
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Amy K. Russell
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lee M. Henneken
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melinda Y. Hardy
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rachel Higgins
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jesse Ekin
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Harry McLeod
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Simkin
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vanessa L. Bryant
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jason A. Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (O.G.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Assantachai P, Niyomnaitham S, Toh ZQ, Thammasalee M, Pengsorn N, Monklang W, Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of repeated intradermal mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered as a second booster dose in a Thai geriatric population. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1302041. [PMID: 38274835 PMCID: PMC10810025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Geriatric populations are at an increased risk of severe presentations, hospitalization, and loss of life from COVID-19. Few studies have explored vaccination regimens in adults >65 years old. Repeated booster vaccination is required for high-risk populations as COVID-19 vaccine efficacy is short-lived. We compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of second intradermal (ID) COVID-19 booster vaccination with second intramuscular (IM) vaccination in older adults. Methods This single-center, open-labeled, prospective, cohort study conducted at Siriraj Hospital enrolled older adults ≥65 years old who previously received a first booster (third dose) mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2) via ID or IM administration. Participants were allocated to receive a second booster of the same vaccine type and route as their first booster 16-17 weeks thereafter. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain IgG and neutralizing antibody titers against Wuhan and Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5) were measured 2 weeks after vaccination. Results Of 91 enrolled participants, 72.5% were women, with a median age of 75 years. Forty-nine participants (53.8%) received a second ID booster, and 42 (46.2%) received a second IM booster. Two weeks after the second booster, all groups generated anamnestic IgG antibody responses that were 5.41- to 10.00-fold higher than at baseline. Overall, higher antibody GMTs against Wuhan and Omicron subvariants were observed in IM compared with ID regimens. ID mRNA-1273 induced similar GMTs to IM BNT162b2 2 weeks after the second booster against Wuhan (486.77 [321.48, 737.05] vs. 472.63 [291.24, 767.01], respectively; p = 0.072). Higher GMTs against Omicron BA.1 (GMR [95% CI], 1.71 [1.39, 2.11]; p = 0.023), BA.2 (1.34 [1.11, 1.62]; p = 0.845), and BA.4/5 (1.10 [0.92, 1.33]; p = 0.531) were seen in all groups at 2 weeks after the second booster compared with 2-4 weeks after the first booster. Both local and systemic AEs were less frequent after the second than after the first booster, regardless of administrative route and vaccine type. Local AEs were significantly more frequent in ID mRNA-1273 arms than their respective BNT162b2 arms 2 weeks after the second booster (ID-mRNA-1273 vs. ID-BNT162b2: p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Repeated fractional ID vaccination may be an alternative booster vaccination strategy for geriatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Assantachai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Monthira Thammasalee
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napaporn Pengsorn
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiyachatr Monklang
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Manna S, Werren JP, Ortika BD, Bellich B, Pell CL, Nikolaou E, Gjuroski I, Lo S, Hinds J, Tundev O, Dunne EM, Gessner BD, Bentley SD, Russell FM, Mulholland EK, Mungun T, von Mollendorf C, Licciardi PV, Cescutti P, Ravenscroft N, Hilty M, Satzke C. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 33G: genetic, serological, and structural analysis of a new capsule type. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357923. [PMID: 38059623 PMCID: PMC10782959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03579-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen with the greatest burden of disease in Asia and Africa. The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide has biological relevance as a major virulence factor as well as public health importance as it is the target for currently licensed vaccines. These vaccines have limited valency, covering up to 23 of the >100 known capsular types (serotypes) with higher valency vaccines in development. Here, we have characterized a new pneumococcal serotype, which we have named 33G. We detected serotype 33G in nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 20) from children and adults hospitalized with pneumonia, as well as healthy children in Mongolia. We show that the genetic, serological, and biochemical properties of 33G differ from existing serotypes, satisfying the criteria to be designated as a new serotype. Future studies should focus on the geographical distribution of 33G and any changes in prevalence following vaccine introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Manna
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel P. Werren
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Belinda D. Ortika
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Casey L. Pell
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilche Gjuroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Lo
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Hinds
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- BUGS Bioscience, London Bioscience Innovation Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Odgerel Tundev
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Russell
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E. Kim Mulholland
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tuya Mungun
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Claire von Mollendorf
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Markus Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Batmunkh T, Moore KA, Thomson H, Altangerel B, Amraa O, Avaa N, Batbayar L, Batsukh K, Bright K, Burentogtokh T, Ha Do LA, Dorj G, Hart JD, Javkhlantugs K, Jigjidsuren S, Justice F, Li S, Licciardi PV, Mashbaatar K, Mazarakis N, Neal EF, Nguyen CD, Ochirbat B, Tsolmon B, Tuya A, Surenjav U, von Mollendorf C, Mulholland K. Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of a half- versus full-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) booster following a two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BBIBP-CorV, or Gam-COVID-Vac priming schedule in Mongolia: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024; 42:100953. [PMID: 38357398 PMCID: PMC10865044 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine booster doses restore vaccine effectiveness lost from waning immunity and emerging variants. Fractional dosing may improve COVID-19 booster acceptability and uptake and will reduce the per-dose cost of COVID-19 booster programmes. We sought to quantify the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a half-dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) booster relative to the standard formulation. Methods This randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial recruited adults in Mongolia primed with a two-dose homologous ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca, n = 129 participants), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm (Beijing), n = 399), or Gam-COVID-Vac (Gamaleya, n = 70) schedule. Participants were randomised (1:1) to receive a 15 μg (half-dose) or 30 μg (full-dose) BNT162b2 booster. Participants and study staff assessing reactogenicity were blinded up to day 28. Co-primary endpoints were Wuhan-Hu-1 anti-spike S1 IgG seroresponse 28 days post-boosting and reactogenicity within 7 days of boosting. The non-inferiority margin for the absolute difference in seroresponse was -10%. Differences in seroresponse were estimated from logistic regression with marginal standardisation. Geometric mean ratios of IgG were also estimated. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05265065. Findings Between May 27th and September 30th, 2022, 601 participants were randomized to full-dose BNT162b2 (n = 300) or half-dose (n = 301). 598 were included in safety analyses, and 587 in immunological analyses. The frequency of grade 3-4 reactions was similar between arms (half-dose: 4/299 [1.3%]; full-dose: 6/299 [2.0%]). Across all severity grades, half-dose recipients reported fewer local and systemic reactions (60% versus 72% and 25% versus 32%, respectively). Seroresponse was 84.7% (250/295) and 86.6% (253/292) in the half-dose and full-dose arms, respectively (Difference: -2.8%; 95% CI -7.7, 2.1). Geometric mean IgG titres were similar in those receiving full and half-dose boosters for the ChAdOx1 and BBIBP-CorV primed groups, but lower in the half-dose arm in Gam-COVID-Vac-primed participants (GMR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.54, 0.93). Interpretation Half-dose BNT162b2 boosting elicited an immune response that was non-inferior to a full-dose, with fewer reactions, in adults primed with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BBIBP-CorV. Half-dose boosting may not be suitable in adults primed with Gam-COVID-Vac. Half-dose BNT162b2 boosting may be considered in populations primed with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BBIBP-CorV. Funding Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerryn A. Moore
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Helen Thomson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Khishigjargal Batsukh
- General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Kathryn Bright
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Tsogjargal Burentogtokh
- General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gantuya Dorj
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - John D. Hart
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | | | - Sarantsetseg Jigjidsuren
- General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Frances Justice
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Shuo Li
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Eleanor F.G. Neal
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cattram Duong Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Batbayar Ochirbat
- Mongolia Ministry of Health, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon
- National Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Alimaa Tuya
- Onoshmed Laboratory, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Claire von Mollendorf
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
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9
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Leach AJ, Wilson N, Arrowsmith B, Beissbarth J, Mulholland EK, Santosham M, Torzillo PJ, McIntyre P, Smith-Vaughan H, Skull SA, Oguoma VM, Chatfield M, Lehmann D, Binks MJ, Licciardi PV, Andrews R, Snelling T, Krause V, Carapetis J, Chang AB, Morris PS. Otitis media at 6-monthly assessments of Australian First Nations children between ages 12-36 months: Findings from two randomised controlled trials of combined pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 175:111776. [PMID: 37951020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In remote communities of northern Australia, First Nations children with hearing loss are disproportionately at risk of poor school readiness and performance compared to their peers with no hearing loss. The aim of this trial is to prevent early childhood persisting otitis media (OM), associated hearing loss and developmental delay. To achieve this, we designed a mixed pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedule that could maximise immunogenicity and thereby prevent bacterial otitis media (OM) and a trajectory of educational and social disadvantage. METHODS In two sequential parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trials, eligible infants were first allocated 1:1:1 to standard or mixed PCV primary schedules at age 28-38 days, then at age 12 months to a booster dose (1:1) of 13-valent PCV, PCV13 (Prevenar13®, +P), or 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugated vaccine, PHiD-CV10 (Synflorix®, +S). Here we report findings of standardised ear assessments conducted six-monthly from age 12-36 months, by booster dose. RESULTS From March 2013 to September 2018, 261 children were allocated to booster + P (n = 131) or + S (n = 130). There were no significant differences in prevalence of any OM diagnosis by booster dose or when stratified by primary schedule. We found high, almost identical prevalence of OM in both boost groups at each age (for example 88% of 129 and 91% of 128 children seen, respectively, at primary endpoint age 18 months, difference -3% [95% Confidence Interval -11, 5]). At each age prevalence of bilateral OM was 52%-78%, and tympanic membrane perforation was 10%-18%. CONCLUSION Despite optimal pneumococcal immunisation, the high prevalence of OM persists throughout early childhood. Novel approaches to OM prevention are needed, along with improved early identification strategies and evaluation of expanded valency PCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Leach
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - N Wilson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - B Arrowsmith
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Beissbarth
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - E K Mulholland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Santosham
- Departments of International Health and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - P J Torzillo
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P McIntyre
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H Smith-Vaughan
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S A Skull
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - V M Oguoma
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Chatfield
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Lehmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M J Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - P V Licciardi
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Andrews
- Office of the Chief Health Officer, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Snelling
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Krause
- Centre for Disease Control (CDC)-Environmental Health, Northern Territory Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A B Chang
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P S Morris
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Paediatrics Department, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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10
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Edirisinghe HS, Rajapaksa AE, Royce SG, Sourial M, Bischof RJ, Anderson J, Sarila G, Nguyen CD, Mulholland K, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Aerosol Delivery of Palivizumab in a Neonatal Lamb Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2276. [PMID: 38005952 PMCID: PMC10675108 DOI: 10.3390/v15112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Palivizumab has been an approved preventative monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection for over two decades. However, due to its high cost and requirement for multiple intramuscular injections, its use has been limited mostly to high-income countries. Following our previous study showing the successful lung deposition of aerosolised palivizumab in lambs, this current study evaluated the "proof-of-principle" effect of aerosolised palivizumab delivered as a therapeutic to neonatal lambs following RSV infection. (2) Methods: Neonatal lambs were intranasally inoculated with RSV-A2 on day 0 (day 3 post-birth) and treated with aerosolised palivizumab 3 days later (day 3 post-inoculation). Clinical symptoms, RSV viral load and inflammatory response were measured post-inoculation. (3) Results: Aerosolised therapeutic delivery of palivizumab did not reduce RSV viral loads in the nasopharynx nor the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but resulted in a modest reduction in inflammatory response at day 6 post-inoculation compared with untreated lambs. (4) Conclusions: This proof-of-principle study shows some evidence of aerosolised palivizumab reducing RSV inflammation, but further studies using optimized protocols are needed in order to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasindu S. Edirisinghe
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Anushi E. Rajapaksa
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Simon G. Royce
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia;
| | - Magdy Sourial
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Robert J. Bischof
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Melbourne 3806, Australia;
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Gulcan Sarila
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Cattram D. Nguyen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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11
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Assantachai P, Niyomnaitham S, Chatthanawaree W, Intalapaporn S, Muangpaisan W, Phannarus H, Saichompoo RB, Sura-amonrattana U, Wongprompitak P, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Srisutthisamphan K, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Booster Administered by Intradermal or Intramuscular Route in Thai Older Adults. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:868-877. [PMID: 37141388 PMCID: PMC10547455 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradermal (ID) vaccination may alleviate COVID-19 vaccine shortages and vaccine hesitancy. METHODS Persons aged ≥65 years who were vaccinated with 2-dose ChAdOx1 12-24 weeks earlier were randomized to receive a booster vaccination by either ID (20 µg mRNA-1273 or 10 µg BNT162b2) or intramuscular (IM) (100 µg mRNA-1273 or 30 µg BNT162b2) route. Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibody (NAb), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-producing cells were measured at 2-4 weeks following vaccination. RESULTS Of 210 participants enrolled, 70.5% were female and median age was 77.5 (interquartile range, 71-84) years. Following booster dose, both ID vaccinations induced 37% lower levels of anti-RBD IgG compared with IM vaccination of the same vaccine. NAb titers against ancestral and Omicron BA.1 were highest following IM mRNA-1273 (geometric mean, 1718 and 617), followed by ID mRNA-1273 (1212 and 318), IM BNT162b2 (713 and 230), and ID BNT162b2 (587 and 148), respectively. Spike-specific IFN-γ responses were similar or higher in the ID groups compared with IM groups. ID route tended to have fewer systemic adverse events (AEs), although more local AEs were reported in the ID mRNA-1273 group. CONCLUSIONS Fractional ID vaccination induced lower humoral but comparable cellular immunity compared to IM and may be an alternative for older people. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION TCTR20220112002.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science Development Agency, Pathum-thani
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Binks MJ, Bleakley AS, Pizzutto SJ, Lamberth M, Powell V, Nelson J, Kirby A, Morris PS, Simon D, Mulholland EK, Rathnayake G, Leach AJ, D'Antoine H, Licciardi PV, Snelling T, Chang AB. Randomised controlled trial of perinatal vitamin D supplementation to prevent early-onset acute respiratory infections among Australian First Nations children: the 'D-Kids' study protocol. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001646. [PMID: 37586777 PMCID: PMC10432658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. While ARI-related mortality is low in Australia, First Nations infants are hospitalised with ARIs up to nine times more often than their non-First Nations counterparts. The gap is widest in the Northern Territory (NT) where rates of both acute and chronic respiratory infection are among the highest reported in the world. Vitamin D deficiency is common among NT First Nations neonates and associated with an increased risk of ARI hospitalisation. We hypothesise that perinatal vitamin D supplementation will reduce the risk of ARI in the first year of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 'D-Kids' is a parallel (1:1), double-blind (allocation concealed), randomised placebo-controlled trial conducted among NT First Nations mother-infant pairs. Pregnant women and their babies (n=314) receive either vitamin D or placebo. Women receive 14 000 IU/week or placebo from 28 to 34 weeks gestation until birth and babies receive 4200 IU/week or placebo from birth until age 4 months. The primary outcome is the incidence of ARI episodes receiving medical attention in the first year of life. Secondary outcomes include circulating vitamin D level and nasal pathogen prevalence. Tertiary outcomes include infant immune cell phenotypes and challenge responses. Blood, nasal swabs, breast milk and saliva are collected longitudinally across four study visits: enrolment, birth, infant age 4 and 12 months. The sample size provides 90% power to detect a 27.5% relative reduction in new ARI episodes between groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial is approved by the NT Human Research Ethics Committee (2018-3160). Study outcomes will be disseminated to participant families, communities, local policy-makers, the broader research and clinical community via written and oral reports, education workshops, peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618001174279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Binks
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Amy S Bleakley
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Susan J Pizzutto
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle Lamberth
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Verity Powell
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jane Nelson
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Adrienne Kirby
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney CAR, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S Morris
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - E Kim Mulholland
- New Vaccines Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Amanda J Leach
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Heather D'Antoine
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne VCCC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Chayachinda C, Watananirun K, Phatihattakorn C, Anuwutnavin S, Niyomnaitham S, Phongsamart W, Lapphra K, Wittawatmongkol O, Rungmaitree S, Jansarikit L, Boonnak K, Wongprompitak P, Senawong S, Upadhya A, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2228670. [PMID: 37439770 PMCID: PMC10406153 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2228670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This open-labeled non-inferiority trial evaluated immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccination schedules in pregnant Thai women. 18-45-year-old pregnant women with no history of COVID-19 infection or vaccination and a gestational age of ≥12 weeks were randomized 1:1:1 into three two-dose primary series scheduled 4 weeks apart: BNT162b2-BNT162b2 (Group 1), ChAdOx1-BNT162b2 (Group 2), and CoronaVac-BNT162b2 (Group 3). Serum antibody responses, maternal and cord blood antibody levels at delivery, and adverse events (AEs) following vaccination until delivery were assessed. The 124 enrolled participants had a median age of 31 (interquartile range [IQR] 26.0-35.5) years and gestational age of 23.5 (IQR 18.0-30.0) weeks. No significant difference in anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG were observed across arms at 2 weeks after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers against the ancestral Wuhan strain were highest in Group 3 (258.22, 95% CI [187.53, 355.56]), followed by Groups 1 (187.47, 95% CI [135.15, 260.03]) and 2 (166.63, 95% CI [124.60, 222.84]). Cord blood anti-RBD IgG was correlated with, and equal to or higher than, maternal levels at delivery (r = 0.719, P < .001) and inversely correlated with elapsed time after the second vaccination (r = -0.366, P < .001). No significant difference in cord blood antibody levels between groups were observed. Local and systemic AEs were mild-to-moderate and more frequent in Group 2. Heterologous schedules of CoronaVac-BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-BNT162b2 induced immunogenicity on-par with BNT162b2-BNT162b2 and may be considered as alternative schedules for primary series in pregnant women in mRNA-limited vaccine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchit Chayachinda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwaroon Watananirun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayawat Phatihattakorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sanitra Anuwutnavin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanatpreeya Phongsamart
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keswadee Lapphra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orasri Wittawatmongkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supattra Rungmaitree
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Jansarikit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansnee Senawong
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Avishek Upadhya
- Department of Sciences, Mahidol University International College, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Perriman L, Tavakolinia N, Jalali S, Li S, Hickey PF, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Ho WWH, Baldwin TM, Piers AT, Konstantinov IE, Anderson J, Stanley EG, Licciardi PV, Kannourakis G, Naik SH, Koay HF, Mackay LK, Berzins SP, Pellicci DG. A three-stage developmental pathway for human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells within the postnatal thymus. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabo4365. [PMID: 37450574 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the largest population of γδ T cells in adults and can play important roles in providing effective immunity against cancer and infection. Many studies have suggested that peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are derived from the fetal liver and thymus and that the postnatal thymus plays little role in the development of these cells. More recent evidence suggested that these cells may also develop postnatally in the thymus. Here, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry, transcriptomic analysis, functional assays, and precursor-product experiments to define the development pathway of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus. We identify three distinct stages of development for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus that are defined by the progressive acquisition of functional potential and major changes in the expression of transcription factors, chemokines, and other surface markers. Furthermore, our analysis of donor-matched thymus and blood revealed that the molecular requirements for the development of functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are delivered predominantly by the postnatal thymus and not in the periphery. Tbet and Eomes, which are required for IFN-γ and TNFα expression, are up-regulated as Vγ9Vδ2 T cells mature in the thymus, and mature thymic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly express high levels of these cytokines after stimulation. Similarly, the postnatal thymus programs Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to express the cytolytic molecules, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme K. This study provides a greater understanding of how Vγ9Vδ2 T cells develop in humans and may lead to opportunities to manipulate these cells to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Perriman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sedigheh Jalali
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shuo Li
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Wing Ho Ho
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Advanced Genomics Facility and Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam T Piers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Anderson J, Jalali S, Licciardi PV, Pellicci DG. OMIP-91: A 27-color flow cytometry panel to evaluate the phenotype and function of human conventional and unconventional T-cells. Cytometry A 2023. [PMID: 37183268 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This 27-color panel was developed to simultaneously measure different T-cell populations (CD4, CD8, γδ T-cells, and MAIT cells) and their subsets (Memory, Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg) along with functional markers associated with their activation status, cytokine production and cytotoxicity. This panel will be useful for both in vivo and in vitro studies evaluating T-cells in the context of human health and disease. This panel is valuable in settings where samples are limited as a large amount of data will be generated using small volumes of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sedi Jalali
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cellular Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cellular Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Anderson J, Bender G, Minh Thang C, Quang Thanh L, Thi Trang Dai V, Van Thanh P, Thi Hong Nhu B, Ngoc Xuan Trang D, Thi Phuong Trinh P, Vu Thuong N, Trong Toan N, Mulholland K, Pellicci DG, Anh Ha Do L, Licciardi PV. TLR Responses in Preterm and Term Infant Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040596. [PMID: 37111482 PMCID: PMC10145848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are more susceptible to severe bacterial and viral infectious diseases than their full-term counterparts. A major contributor to this increased susceptibility may be due to differences in their ability to respond to pathogens. While studies have demonstrated altered bacterial Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses, there is limited data on viral TLR responses in preterm infants. In this study, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from 10 moderately preterm (30.4-34.1 wGA), 10 term (37-39.5 wGA) infants, and 5 adults were stimulated with TLR2 (lipoteichoic acid), TLR3 (poly I:C), TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide), TLR7/8 (R848), and TLR9 (CpG-ODN 2216) agonists. Following stimulation, the cellular response was measured by intracellular flow cytometry to detect cell-specific NF-κB (as a marker of the inflammatory response), and multiplex assays were used to measure the cytokine response. This study found that preterm and term infants exhibit very similar baseline TLR expression. In response to both bacterial and viral TLR agonists comparing cell-specific NF-κB activation, preterm infants exhibited increased monocyte activation following LTA stimulation; however, no other differences were observed. Similarly, no difference in cytokine response was observed following stimulation with TLRs. However, a stronger correlation between NF-κB activation and cytokine responses was observed in term infants following poly I:C and R848 stimulation compared to preterm infants. In contrast, despite similar TLR expression, adults produced higher levels of IFN-α following R848 stimulation compared to preterm and term infants. These findings suggest preterm and term infants have a similar capacity to respond to both bacterial and viral TLR agonists. As preterm infants are more likely to develop severe infections, further research is required to determine the immunological factors that may be driving this and develop better interventions for this highly vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Georgia Bender
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cao Minh Thang
- Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72408, Vietnam
| | | | - Vo Thi Trang Dai
- Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72408, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Thanh
- Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72408, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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17
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Anderson J, Do LAH, Wurzel D, Licciardi PV. Understanding the increased susceptibility to asthma development in preterm infants. Allergy 2023; 78:928-939. [PMID: 36719074 DOI: 10.1111/all.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with aberrant pulmonary development and increased susceptibility to a range of chronic lung diseases. Even in healthy preterms, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma is far higher than in infants born at term. While physiological, environmental, and genetic factors have been studied extensively, few studies have investigated the immunological factors underpinning this increased susceptibility. Lower rates of atopy and allergic sensitization in preterm compared to term infants suggests non-allergic mechanisms may be driving asthma development in preterms. Preterm infants are more likely to develop severe RSV and HRV disease and have altered microbiomes compared to term infants. Therefore, investigating the differences in immunological interactions (e.g., response to viral infections, microbiome) between children born preterm and term will aid in understanding the immunological basis for their increased susceptibility to asthma development. This is critical to inform the development of interventions to reduce the burden of asthma in this highly vulnerable demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Niyomnaitham S, Atakulreka S, Wongprompitak P, Copeland KK, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Srisutthisamphan K, Jansarikit L, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of accelerated regimens of fractional intradermal COVID-19 vaccinations. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1080791. [PMID: 36733395 PMCID: PMC9886662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This phase I study explored the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of accelerated, Q7 fractional, intradermal vaccination regimens for COVID-19. Methods Participants (n = 60) aged 18-60 years, naïve to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, were randomly allocated into one of four homologous or heterologous accelerated two-dose, two-injection intradermal regimens seven days apart:(1) BNT162b2-BNT162b2(n= 20),(2) ChAdOx1- BNT162b2 (n = 20), (3) CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 (n = 10), and (4) ChAdOx1-ChAdOx1 (n = 10). CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 were 20%, and BNT162b2 17%, of their standard intramuscular doses (0.1 mL and 0.05 mL per injection, respectively). Humoral immune responses were measured through IgG response towards receptor binding domains (RBD-IgG) of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and pseudovirus neutralization tests (PVNT50). Cellular immune responses were measured using ELISpot for ancestral protein pools. Results Immunogenicity was highest in regimen (2), followed by (1), (4), and (3) 2 weeks after the second dose (P < 0.001 for anti-RBD-IgG and P= 0.01 for PVNT50). Each group had significantly lower anti-RBD IgG (by factors of 5.4, 3.6, 11.6, and 2.0 for regimens (1) to (4), respectively) compared to their respective standard intramuscular regimens (P < 0.001 for each). Seroconversion rates for PVNT50 against the ancestral strain were 75%, 90%, 57% and 37% for regimens (1) to (4), respectively. All participants elicited ELISpot response to S-protein after vaccination. Adverse events were reportedly mild or moderate across cohorts. Discussion We concluded that accelerated, fractional, heterologous or homologous intradermal vaccination regimens of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 were well tolerated, provided rapid immune priming against SARS-CoV-2, and may prove useful for containing future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Katherine Kradangna Copeland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection and Immunology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Jansarikit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit,
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19
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Niyomnaitham S, Quan Toh Z, Wongprompitak P, Jansarikit L, Srisutthisamphan K, Sapsutthipas S, Jantraphakorn Y, Mingngamsup N, Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac, ChAdox1 nCov-19 and BNT162b2 plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2091865. [PMID: 35816053 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary schedules involving BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) in healthy adults, as well as booster response to BNT162b2 following heterologous CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 regimens. Participants were randomized to one of seven groups that received two-dose homologous BNT162b2 or heterologous combinations of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2, with 4 weeks interval. A total of 210 participants were enrolled, 30 in each group. Median age of participants was 38 (19-60) years, and 108/210 (51.43%) were female. Overall adverse events after the second dose were mild to moderate. We found that groups that received BNT162b2 as second dose induced the highest anti-receptor binding domain IgG response against the ancestral strain [BNT162b2: geometric mean concentration (GMC) 2133-2249 BAU/mL; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19: 851-1201; CoronaVac: 137-225 BAU/mL], neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against Beta and Delta, and interferon gamma response. All groups induced low to negligible NAb against Omicron after second dose. A BNT162b2 booster (third dose) following heterologous CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 regimens induced >140-fold increase in NAb titers against Omicron. Our findings indicate that heterologous regimens using BNT162b2 as the second dose may be an alternative schedule to maximize immune response. While heterologous two-dose schedules induced low NAb against Omicron, the use of an mRNA vaccine booster dose substantially increased the Omicron response. These findings are relevant for low-income countries considering heterologous primary and booster COVID-19 vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Jansarikit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum thani, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sapsutthipas
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biological Products, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuparat Jantraphakorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum thani, Thailand
| | | | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Royce SG, Licciardi PV, Beh RC, Bourke JE, Donovan C, Hung A, Khurana I, Liang JJ, Maxwell S, Mazarakis N, Pitsillou E, Siow YY, Snibson KJ, Tobin MJ, Ververis K, Vongsvivut J, Ziemann M, Samuel CS, Tang MLK, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC. Sulforaphane prevents and reverses allergic airways disease in mice via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and epigenetic mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:579. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Chatsiricharoenkul S, Niyomnaitham S, Posen HJ, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Wongprompitak P, Duangchinda T, Pakchotanon P, Chantima W, Chokephaibulkit K. Safety and immunogenicity of intradermal administration of fractional dose CoronaVac®, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 as primary series vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010835. [PMID: 36268028 PMCID: PMC9577032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited supply of COVID-19 vaccines, with less than 20% of eligible populations in low-income countries having received one dose. Intradermal delivery of fractional dose vaccines is one way to improve global vaccine access, but no studies have reported data on intradermal delivery of COVID-19 primary series vaccination. We conducted a pilot study to examine the safety and immunogenicity of three intradermal primary series regimens – heterologous regimen of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 (CoronaVac-ChAdOx1), homologous regimen of ChAdOx1 (ChAdOx1-ChAdOx1), and homologous regimen of BNT162b2 (BNT162b2-BNT162b2). Each dose was 1/5th or 1/6th of the standard dose. Two additional exploratory arms of intradermal vaccination for the second dose following an intramuscular first dose of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 were included. Intradermal vaccination was found to be immunogenic and safe. The antibody responses generated by the intradermal primary series were highest in the BNT162b2 arms. The anti-receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG concentration following fractional dose intradermal vaccination was similar to that of standard dose intramuscular vaccination of the same regimen for all study arms except for BNT162b2. The BNT162b2 intradermal series generated a lower antibody concentration than the reference intramuscular series, despite generating the highest antibody concentration of all three intradermal primary series regimens. Neutralizing antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain were consistent with what was observed for anti-RBD IgG, with lower titers for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Neutralizing titers were lowest against the omicron variant, being undetectable in about a quarter of study participants. T-cell responses against spike- and nucleocapsid-membrane-open reading frame proteins were also detected following intradermal vaccination. Adverse effects following intradermal vaccination were generally comparable with post-intramuscular vaccination effects. Taken together, our data suggest that intradermal vaccination using 1/5th or 1/6th of standard COVID-19 intramuscular vaccination dosing were immunogenic with tendency of lower systemic adverse reactions than intramuscular vaccination. Our findings have implications in settings where COVID-19 vaccines are in shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somruedee Chatsiricharoenkul
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Harry Joshua Posen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Team, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarakul Pakchotanon
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Team, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Team, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit,
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22
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Binns E, Tuckerman J, Licciardi PV, Wurzel D. Respiratory syncytial virus, recurrent wheeze and asthma: A narrative review of pathophysiology, prevention and future directions. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:1741-1746. [PMID: 36073299 PMCID: PMC9826513 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children, and the association between severe RSV disease and later recurrent wheeze and asthma is well established. Whilst a causal link between RSV and wheeze/asthma is not yet proven, immunological evidence suggests skewing towards a Th2-type response, and dampening of IFN-γ antiviral immunity during RSV infection underpins airway hyper-reactivity in a subset of susceptible children after RSV infection. Age at primary RSV infection, viral co-infection and genetic influences may act as effect-modifiers. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality burden of RSV disease in children, there is currently no licensed vaccine. Recent advancements in RSV preventatives, including long-acting monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccinations, show significant promise and we are on the cusp of a new era in RSV prevention. However, the potential impact of RSV preventatives on subsequent wheeze and asthma remains unclear. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the usual seasonality of RSV. Whilst this has posed challenges for health-care services it has also enhanced our understanding of RSV transmission. The near absence of RSV cases during the first year of the pandemic in the context of strict public health measures has provided a rare opportunity to study the impact of delayed age of primary RSV infection on asthma prevalence. In this review, we summarise current understanding of the association between RSV, recurrent wheeze and asthma with a focus on pathophysiology, preventative strategies and future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Binns
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jane Tuckerman
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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23
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Niyomnaitham S, Chatsiricharoenkul S, Toh ZQ, Senawong S, Pheerapanyawaranun C, Phumiamorn S, Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K. Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Fractional Intradermal COVID-19 Vaccines as a Booster: A Pilot Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091497. [PMID: 36146575 PMCID: PMC9505744 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradermal vaccination using fractional dosages of the standard vaccine dose is one strategy to improve access to COVID-19 immunization. We conducted a pilot study in healthy adults in Thailand to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of intradermal administration of fractional doses of ChAdOx1 (1/5th of standard dosage) or BNT162b2 (1/6th of standard dosage) to individuals previously vaccinated (prime) with two-dose intramuscular CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2. Following an initial immunogenicity exploratory phase for each vaccine combination group (n = 10), a total of 135 participants (n = 45 per group) were recruited to 3 groups (CoronaVac prime-intradermal BNT162b2 boost, CoronaVac prime-intradermal ChAdOx1 boost and ChAdOx1 prime-intradermal BNT162b2 boost) and their immunogenicity data were compared to a previous cohort who received the same vaccine intramuscularly. Two weeks following booster vaccination, neutralizing antibodies against the delta variant were similar between the participants who received intradermal and intramuscular vaccination. However, neutralizing antibodies against the omicron variant in the intradermal BNT162b2 boost groups were ~6-fold lower, while the levels in the ChAdOx1 boost group were similar compared to their respective vaccine regimen given intramuscularly. The intradermal booster significantly increased spike-specific T cell responses in all three groups from pre-booster levels. Local and systemic adverse reactions were milder in intradermal compared to intramuscular injections. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings and the feasibility of administration of intradermal COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somruedee Chatsiricharoenkul
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sansnee Senawong
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Phumiamorn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-4141899; Fax: +66-2-4128243
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24
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Leach AJ, Wilson N, Arrowsmith B, Beissbarth J, Mulholland EK, Santosham M, Torzillo PJ, McIntyre P, Smith-Vaughan H, Chatfield MD, Lehmann D, Binks M, Chang AB, Carapetis J, Krause V, Andrews R, Snelling T, Skull SA, Licciardi PV, Oguoma VM, Morris PS. Immunogenicity, otitis media, hearing impairment, and nasopharyngeal carriage 6-months after 13-valent or ten-valent booster pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, stratified by mixed priming schedules: PREVIX_COMBO and PREVIX_BOOST randomised controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1374-1387. [PMID: 35772449 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australian First Nations children are at very high risk of early, recurrent, and persistent bacterial otitis media and respiratory tract infection. With the PREVIX randomised controlled trials, we aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules. METHODS PREVIX_BOOST was a parallel, open-label, outcome-assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Aboriginal children living in remote communities of the Northern Territory of Australia were eligible if they had previously completed the three-arm PREVIX_COMBO randomised controlled trial of the following vaccine schedules: three doses of a 13-valent PCV (PCV13; PPP) or a ten-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10; SSS) given at 2, 4, and 6 months, or SSS given at 1, 2, and 4 months followed by PCV13 at 6 months (SSSP). At age 12 months, eligible children were randomly assigned by a computer-generated random sequence (1:1, stratified by primary group allocation) to receive either a PCV13 booster or a PHiD-CV10 booster. Analyses used intention-to-treat principles. Co-primary outcomes were immunogenicity against protein D and serotypes 3, 6A, and 19A. Immunogenicity measures were geometric mean concentrations (GMC) and proportion of children with IgG concentrations of 0·35 μg/mL or higher (threshold for invasive pneumococcal disease), and GMCs and proportion of children with antibody levels of 100 EU/mL or higher against protein D. Standardised assessments of otitis media, hearing impairment, nasopharyngeal carriage, and developmental outcomes are reported. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01735084 and NCT01174849). FINDINGS Between April 10, 2013, and Sept 4, 2018, 261 children were randomly allocated to receive a PCV13 booster (n=131) or PHiD-CV10 booster (n=130). Adequate serum samples for pneumococcal serology were obtained from 127 (95%) children in the PCV13 booster group and 126 (97%) in the PHiD-CV10 booster group; for protein D, adequate samples were obtained from 126 (96%) children in the PCV13 booster group and 123 (95%) in the PHiD-CV10 booster group. The proportions of children with IgG concentrations above standard thresholds in PCV13 booster versus PHiD-CV10 booster groups were the following: 71 (56%) of 126 versus 81 (66%) of 123 against protein D (difference 10%, 95% CI -2 to 22), 85 (67%) of 127 versus 59 (47%) of 126 against serotype 3 (-20%, -32 to -8), 119 (94%) of 127 versus 91 (72%) of 126 against serotype 6A (-22%, -31 to -13), and 116 (91%) of 127 versus 108 (86%) of 126 against serotype 19A (-5%, -13 to 3). Infant PCV13 priming mitigated differences between PCV13 and PHiD-CV10 boosters. In both groups, we observed a high prevalence of otitis media (about 90%), hearing impairment (about 75%), nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus (about 66%), and non-typeable H influenzae (about 57%). Of 66 serious adverse events, none were vaccine related. INTERPRETATION Low antibody concentrations 6 months post-booster might indicate increased risk of pneumococcal infection. The preferred booster was PCV13 if priming did not have PCV13, otherwise either PCV13 or PHiD-CV10 boosters provided similar immunogenicity. Mixed schedules offer flexibility to regional priorities. Non-PCV13 serotypes and non-typeable H influenzae continue to cause substantial disease and disability in Australian First Nation's children. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jane Leach
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Nicole Wilson
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Beth Arrowsmith
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jemima Beissbarth
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Edward Kim Mulholland
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathuram Santosham
- Departments of International Health and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for American Indian Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul John Torzillo
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- University of Otago, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Smith-Vaughan
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deborah Lehmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Binks
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vicki Krause
- Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Health, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ross Andrews
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sue A Skull
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor M Oguoma
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Stanley Morris
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Paediatrics Department, Darwin, NT, Australia
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25
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Manna S, Spry L, Wee-Hee A, Ortika BD, Boelsen LK, Batinovic S, Mazarakis N, Ford RL, Lo SW, Bentley SD, Russell FM, Blyth CC, Pomat WS, Petrovski S, Hinds J, Licciardi PV, Satzke C. Variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 14 from Papua New Guinea with the Potential to Be Mistyped and Escape Vaccine-Induced Protection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0152422. [PMID: 35862970 PMCID: PMC9431120 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01524-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a human pathogen of global importance, classified into serotypes based on the type of capsular polysaccharide produced. Serotyping of pneumococci is essential for disease surveillance and vaccine impact measurement. However, the accuracy of serotyping methods can be affected by previously undiscovered variants. Previous studies have identified variants of serotype 14, a highly invasive serotype included in all licensed vaccine formulations. However, the potential of these variants to influence serotyping accuracy and evade vaccine-induced protection has not been investigated. In this study, we screened 1,386 nasopharyngeal swabs from children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in Papua New Guinea for pneumococci. Swabs containing pneumococci (n = 1,226) were serotyped by microarray to identify pneumococci with a divergent serotype 14 capsule locus. Three serotype 14 variants ('14-like') were isolated and characterized further. The serotyping results of these isolates using molecular methods varied depending on the method, with 3/3 typing as nontypeable (PneumoCaT), 3/3 typing as serotype 14 (seroBA), and 2/3 typing as serotype 14 (SeroCall and quantitative PCR). All three isolates were nontypeable by phenotypic methods (Quellung and latex agglutination), indicating the absence of capsule. Illumina and nanopore sequencing were employed to examine their capsule loci and revealed unique mutations. Lastly, when incubated with sera from vaccinated individuals, the 14-like isolates evaded serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing. Our study highlights the need for phenotypic testing to validate serotyping data derived from molecular methods. The convergent evolution of capsule loss underscores the importance of studying pneumococcal population biology to monitor the emergence of pneumococci capable of vaccine escape, globally. IMPORTANCE Pneumococcus is a pathogen of major public health importance. Current vaccines have limited valency, targeting a subset (up to 20) of the more than 100 capsule types (serotypes). Precise serotyping methods are therefore essential to avoid mistyping, which can reduce the accuracy of data used to inform decisions around vaccine introduction and/or maintenance of national vaccination programs. In this study, we examine a variant of serotype 14 (14-like), a virulent serotype present in all currently licensed vaccine formulations. Although these 14-like pneumococci no longer produce a serotype 14 capsule, widely used molecular methods can mistype them as serotype 14. Importantly, we show that 14-like pneumococci can evade opsonophagocytic killing mediated by vaccination. Despite the high accuracy of molecular methods for serotyping, our study reemphasizes their limitations. This is particularly relevant in situations where nonvaccine type pneumococci (e.g., the 14-likes in this study) could potentially be misidentified as a vaccine type (e.g., serotype 14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Manna
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leena Spry
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Wee-Hee
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda D. Ortika
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K. Boelsen
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Ford
- Infection and Immunity Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea
| | - Stephanie W. Lo
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Russell
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute and School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Australia
| | - William S. Pomat
- Infection and Immunity Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Hinds
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom
- BUGS Bioscience, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Nathanielsz J, Toh ZQ, Do LAH, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and implications for vaccination. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1177-1187. [PMID: 35970935 PMCID: PMC9376896 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for more than 500 million cases worldwide as of April 2022. Initial estimates in 2020 found that children were less likely to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 and more likely to be asymptomatic or display mild COVID-19 symptoms. Our early understanding of COVID-19 transmission and disease in children led to a range of public health measures including school closures that have indirectly impacted child health and wellbeing. The emergence of variants of concern (particularly Delta and Omicron) has raised new issues about transmissibility in children, as preliminary data suggest that children may be at increased risk of infection, especially if unvaccinated. Global national prevalence data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents is rising due to COVID-19 vaccination among adults and increased circulation of Delta and Omicron variants. To mitigate this, childhood immunisation programmes are being implemented globally to prevent direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19 including severe complications (e.g., MIS-C), debilitating long-COVID symptoms, and the indirect impacts of prolonged community and school closures on childhood education, social and behavioural development and mental health. This review explores the current state of knowledge on COVID-19 in children including COVID-19 vaccination strategies. IMPACT: Provides an up-to-date account of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children. Discusses the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 in children. Provides the latest information on the current state of global COVID-19 vaccination in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Nathanielsz
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.267362.40000 0004 0432 5259Department of Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XInfection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XInfection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XInfection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XInfection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XInfection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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27
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Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, Kedzierski L, Neeland MR, Petersen J, Crawford JC, Allen LF, Clemens EB, Chua B, McQuilten HA, Minervina AA, Pogorelyy MV, Chaurasia P, Tan HX, Wheatley AK, Jia X, Amanat F, Krammer F, Allen EK, Sonda S, Flanagan KL, Jumarang J, Pannaraj PS, Licciardi PV, Kent SJ, Bond KA, Williamson DA, Rossjohn J, Thomas PG, Tosif S, Crawford NW, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs is established in unvaccinated children who seroconvert after infection. Immunity 2022; 55:1299-1315.e4. [PMID: 35750048 PMCID: PMC9174177 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As the establishment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory in children remains largely unexplored, we recruited convalescent COVID-19 children and adults to define their circulating memory SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to vaccination. We analyzed epitope-specific T cells directly ex vivo using seven HLA class I and class II tetramers presenting SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, together with Spike-specific B cells. Unvaccinated children who seroconverted had comparable Spike-specific but lower ORF1a- and N-specific memory T cell responses compared with adults. This agreed with our TCR sequencing data showing reduced clonal expansion in children. A strong stem cell memory phenotype and common T cell receptor motifs were detected within tetramer-specific T cells in seroconverted children. Conversely, children who did not seroconvert had tetramer-specific T cells of predominantly naive phenotypes and diverse TCRαβ repertoires. Our study demonstrates the generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs in unvaccinated seroconverted children after their first virus encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brendon Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Jaycee Jumarang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katherine A Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Immunisation Service, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Wurzel D, Licciardi PV. Targeted strategies are needed to prevent childhood asthma. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:60/1/2200378. [PMID: 35835473 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00378-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wurzel
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Tosif S, Haycroft ER, Sarkar S, Toh ZQ, Do LAH, Donato CM, Selva KJ, Hoq M, Overmars I, Nguyen J, Lee L, Clifford V, Daley A, Mordant FL, McVernon J, Mulholland K, Marcato AJ, Smith MZ, Curtis N, McNab S, Saffery R, Kedzierska K, Subarrao K, Burgner D, Steer A, Bines JE, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Chung AW, Neeland MR, Crawford NW. Virology and immune dynamics reveal high household transmission of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:10.1111/pai.13824. [PMID: 35871459 PMCID: PMC9349415 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household studies are crucial for understanding the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be underestimated from PCR testing of respiratory samples alone. We aim to combine the assessment of household mitigation measures; nasopharyngeal, saliva, and stool PCR testing; along with mucosal and systemic SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, to comprehensively characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households. METHODS Between March and September 2020, we obtained samples from 92 participants in 26 households in Melbourne, Australia, in a 4-week period following the onset of infection with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. RESULTS The secondary attack rate was 36% (24/66) when using nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) PCR positivity alone. However, when respiratory and nonrespiratory samples were combined with antibody responses in blood and saliva, the secondary attack rate was 76% (50/66). SARS-CoV-2 viral load of the index case and household isolation measures were key factors that determine secondary transmission. In 27% (7/26) of households, all family members tested positive by NPS for SARS-CoV-2 and were characterized by lower respiratory Ct values than low transmission families (Median 22.62 vs. 32.91; IQR 17.06-28.67 vs. 30.37-34.24). High transmission families were associated with enhanced plasma antibody responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Three distinguishing saliva SARS-CoV-2 antibody features were identified according to age (IgA1 to Spike 1, IgA1 to nucleocapsid protein (NP)), suggesting that adults and children generate distinct mucosal antibody responses during the acute phase of infection. CONCLUSION Utilizing respiratory and nonrespiratory PCR testing, along with the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific local and systemic antibodies, provides a more accurate assessment of infection within households and highlights some of the immunological differences in response between children and adults.
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Anderson J, Oeum M, Verkolf E, Licciardi PV, Mulholland K, Nguyen C, Chow K, Waller G, Costa AM, Daley A, Crawford NW, Babl FE, Duke T, Do LAH, Wurzel D. Factors associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:359-364. [PMID: 34526293 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early recognition of children at risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection is important as it informs management decisions. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with severe disease among young children hospitalised with RSV infection. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children <2 years of age hospitalised for RSV lower respiratory tract infection at a single tertiary paediatric hospital over three RSV seasons (January 2017-December 2019). We classified children as having 'moderate' or 'severe' disease based on the level of respiratory intervention and used univariable and multivariable regression models to determine factors associated with severe disease. RESULTS Of 970 hospitalised children, 386 (40%) were classified as having 'severe' and 584 (60%) as having 'moderate' RSV disease. On multivariable analyses, age <2 months (OR: 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.3, p<0.0001), prematurity (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4, p=0.02) and RSV-parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) codetection (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.05 to 6.5, p=0.04) were independently associated with severe disease. CONCLUSION Younger age, prematurity and PIV3 codetection were associated with severe RSV disease in children <2 years of age hospitalised with RSV infection. The association between PIV3 and severe RSV disease is a novel finding and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne - Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Oeum
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Verkolf
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne - Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cattram Nguyen
- The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne - Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory Waller
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna-Maria Costa
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Daley
- Microbiology and Infection Control, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Emergency Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor Duke
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne - Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Toh ZQ, Anderson J, Mazarakis N, Neeland M, Higgins RA, Rautenbacher K, Dohle K, Nguyen J, Overmars I, Donato C, Sarkar S, Clifford V, Daley A, Nicholson S, Mordant FL, Subbarao K, Burgner DP, Curtis N, Bines JE, McNab S, Steer AC, Mulholland K, Tosif S, Crawford NW, Pellicci DG, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Comparison of Seroconversion in Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e221313. [PMID: 35262717 PMCID: PMC8908077 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The immune response in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To compare seroconversion in nonhospitalized children and adults with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify factors that are associated with seroconversion. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This household cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection collected weekly nasopharyngeal and throat swabs and blood samples during the acute (median, 7 days for children and 12 days for adults [IQR, 4-13] days) and convalescent (median, 41 [IQR, 31-49] days) periods after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis for analysis. Participants were recruited at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, from May 10 to October 28, 2020. Participants included patients who had a SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimen using PCR analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cellular (T cell and B cell) responses in children and adults. Seroconversion was defined by seropositivity in all 3 (an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and 2 commercial assays: a SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay and a SARS-CoV-2 antibody ELISA) serological assays. RESULTS Among 108 participants with SARS-CoV-2-positive PCR findings, 57 were children (35 boys [61.4%]; median age, 4 [IQR, 2-10] years) and 51 were adults (28 women [54.9%]; median age, 37 [IQR, 34-45] years). Using the 3 established serological assays, a lower proportion of children had seroconversion to IgG compared with adults (20 of 54 [37.0%] vs 32 of 42 [76.2%]; P < .001). This result was not associated with viral load, which was similar in children and adults (mean [SD] cycle threshold [Ct] value, 28.58 [6.83] vs 24.14 [8.47]; P = .09). In addition, age and sex were not associated with seroconversion within children (median age, 4 [IQR, 2-14] years for both seropositive and seronegative groups; seroconversion by sex, 10 of 21 girls [47.6%] vs 10 of 33 boys [30.3%]) or adults (median ages, 37 years for seropositive and 40 years for seronegative adults [IQR, 34-39 years]; seroconversion by sex, 18 of 24 women [75.0%] vs 14 of 18 men [77.8%]) (P > .05 for all comparisons between seronegative and seropositive groups). Symptomatic adults had 3-fold higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than asymptomatic adults (median, 227.5 [IQR, 133.7-521.6] vs 75.3 [IQR, 36.9-113.6] IU/mL), whereas no differences were observed in children regardless of symptoms. Moreover, differences in cellular immune responses were observed in adults compared with children with seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that among patients with mild COVID-19, children may be less likely to have seroconversion than adults despite similar viral loads. This finding has implications for future protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and for interpretation of serosurveys that involve children. Further research to understand why seroconversion and development of symptoms are potentially less likely in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection and to compare vaccine responses may be of clinical and scientific importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Neeland
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Higgins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Rautenbacher
- Laboratory Services, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jill Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabella Overmars
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Celeste Donato
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Daley
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesca L. Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- WHO (World Health Organization) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P. Burgner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie E. Bines
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Steer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel W. Crawford
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Pellicci
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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32
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Anderson J, Imran S, Frost HR, Azzopardi KI, Jalali S, Novakovic B, Osowicki J, Steer AC, Licciardi PV, Pellicci DG. Immune signature of acute pharyngitis in a Streptococcus pyogenes human challenge trial. Nat Commun 2022; 13:769. [PMID: 35140232 PMCID: PMC8828729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes causes at least 750 million infections and more than 500,000 deaths each year. No vaccine is currently available for S. pyogenes and the use of human challenge models offer unique and exciting opportunities to interrogate the immune response to infectious diseases. Here, we use high-dimensional flow cytometric analysis and multiplex cytokine and chemokine assays to study serial blood and saliva samples collected during the early immune response in human participants following challenge with S. pyogenes. We find an immune signature of experimental human pharyngitis characterised by: 1) elevation of serum IL-1Ra, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP-10 and IL-18; 2) increases in peripheral blood innate dendritic cell and monocyte populations; 3) reduced circulation of B cells and CD4+ T cell subsets (Th1, Th17, Treg, TFH) during the acute phase; and 4) activation of unconventional T cell subsets, γδTCR + Vδ2+ T cells and MAIT cells. These findings demonstrate that S. pyogenes infection generates a robust early immune response, which may be important for host protection. Together, these data will help advance research to establish correlates of immune protection and focus the evaluation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hannah R Frost
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sedigheh Jalali
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua Osowicki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Mackenzie GA, Osei I, Salaudeen R, Secka O, D'Alessandro U, Clarke E, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Licciardi PV, Nguyen C, Greenwood B, Mulholland K. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedules in infants-acquisition, immunogenicity, and pneumococcal conjugate and yellow fever vaccine co-administration study. Trials 2022; 23:39. [PMID: 35033180 PMCID: PMC8760872 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) effectively prevent pneumococcal disease, but the global impact of pneumococcal vaccination is hampered by its cost. The evaluation of reduced dose schedules of PCV includes measurement of effects on immunogenicity and carriage acquisition compared to standard schedules. The relevance and feasibility of trials of reduced dose schedules is greatest in middle- and low-income countries, such as The Gambia, where the introduction of PCV resulted in good disease control but where transmission of vaccine-type pneumococci persists. We designed a large cluster-randomised field trial of an alternative reduced dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule, the PVS trial. We will also conduct a sub-study to evaluate the individual-level effect of the two schedules on carriage acquisition, immunogenicity, and co-administration of PCV with yellow fever vaccine, the PVS-AcqImm trial. METHODS PVS-AcqImm is a prospective, cluster-randomised trial of one dose of PCV scheduled at age 6 weeks with a booster dose at age 9 months (i.e. alternative '1+1' schedule) compared to three primary doses scheduled at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age (i.e. standard '3+0' schedule). Sub-groups within the alternative schedule group will receive yellow fever vaccine separately or co-administered with PCV at 9 months of age. The primary endpoints are (a) rate of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal acquisition from 9 to 14 months of age, (b) geometric mean concentration of vaccine-type pneumococcal IgG at 18 months of age, and (c) proportions with yellow fever neutralising antibody titre ≥8 four weeks after administration of yellow fever vaccine. Participants and field staff will not be masked to group allocation while the measurement of laboratory endpoints will be masked. Approximately equal numbers of participants will be resident in each of 28 geographic clusters (14 clusters in alternative and standard schedule groups); 784 enrolled for acquisition measurements and 336 for immunogenicity measurements. DISCUSSION Analysis will account for potential non-independence of measurements by cluster and so interpretation of effects will be at the individual level (i.e. a population of individuals). PVS-AcqImm will evaluate whether acquisition of vaccine-type pneumococci is reduced by the alternative compared to the standard schedule, which is required if the alternative schedule is to be effective. Likewise, evidence of superior immune response at 18 months of age and safety of PCV co-administration with yellow fever vaccine will support decision-making regarding the use of the alternative 1+1 schedule. Acquisition and immunogenicity outcomes will be essential for the interpretation of the results of the large field trial comparing the two schedules. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 72821613 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Mackenzie
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia.
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Isaac Osei
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rasheed Salaudeen
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ousman Secka
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ed Clarke
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | | | - Cattram Nguyen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Greenwood
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Jalali S, Harpur CM, Piers AT, Auladell M, Perriman L, Li S, An K, Anderson J, Berzins SP, Licciardi PV, Ashhurst TM, Konstantinov IE, Pellicci DG. A high-dimensional cytometry atlas of peripheral blood over the human life span. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:805-821. [PMID: 36218032 PMCID: PMC9828744 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Age can profoundly affect susceptibility to a broad range of human diseases. Children are more susceptible to some infectious diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis, while in others, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and hepatitis A, they are more protected compared with adults. One explanation is that the composition of the immune system is a major contributing factor to disease susceptibility and severity. While most studies of the human immune system have focused on adults, how the immune system changes after birth remains poorly understood. Here, using high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry and computational methods for data integration, we analyzed more than 50 populations of immune cells in the peripheral blood, generating an immune cell atlas that defines the healthy human immune system from birth up to 75 years of age. We focused our efforts on children under 18 years old, revealing major changes in immune cell populations after birth and in children of schooling age. Specifically, CD4+ T effector memory cells, Vδ2+ gamma delta (γδ)T cells, memory B cells, plasmablasts, CD11c+ B cells and CD16+ CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells peaked in children aged 5-9 years old, whereas frequencies of T helper 1, T helper 17, dendritic cells and CD16+ CD57+ CD56dim NK cells were highest in older children (10-18 years old). The frequency of mucosal-associated invariant T cells was low in the first several years of life and highest in adults between 19 and 30 years old. Late adulthood was associated with fewer mucosal-associated invariant T cells and Vδ2+ γδ T cells but with increased frequencies of memory subsets of B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD57+ NK cells. This human immune cell atlas provides a critical resource to understand changes to the immune system during life and provides a reference for investigating the immune system in the context of human disease. This work may also help guide future therapies that target specific populations of immune cells to protect at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Jalali
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Adam T Piers
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Global Product Development Consulting for Infectious DiseasesPharmaceutical Product Development (PPD), Part of Thermo Fisher ScientificBennekomThe Netherlands
| | - Louis Perriman
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,The Fiona Elsey Cancer Research InstituteBallaratVICAustralia,Federation UniversityBallaratVICAustralia
| | - Shuo Li
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kim An
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,The Fiona Elsey Cancer Research InstituteBallaratVICAustralia,Federation UniversityBallaratVICAustralia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thomas M Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research FacilityThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineMelbourneVICAustralia,Cardiothoracic SurgeryRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative MedicineMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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35
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Toh ZQ, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Factors and Challenges in Understanding SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels, Symptoms, and Transmissibility. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:1292-1293. [PMID: 34542579 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Anderson J, Thang CM, Thanh LQ, Dai VTT, Phan VT, Nhu BTH, Trang DNX, Trinh PTP, Nguyen TV, Toan NT, Harpur CM, Mulholland K, Pellicci DG, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Immune Profiling of Cord Blood From Preterm and Term Infants Reveals Distinct Differences in Pro-Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777927. [PMID: 34790206 PMCID: PMC8591285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm infants are highly vulnerable to infectious disease. While many factors are likely to contribute to this enhanced susceptibility, the immature nature of the preterm immune system is postulated as one key factor. Methods In our study, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and cytokine assays to characterise the immune profiles in 25 preterm (range: 30.4-34.1 weeks gestational age) and 25 term infant (range: 37-40 weeks gestational age) cord blood samples. Results We found that preterm infants exhibit reduced frequencies of monocytes, CD56bright NK cells, CD8+ T-cells, γδ T-cells and an increased frequency of intermediate monocytes, CD4+ T-cells, central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, Tregs and transitional B-cells compared to term infants. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A were lower in preterm infants in addition to chemokines IL-8, eotaxin, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. However, IL-15 and MCP-1 were higher in preterm infants. Conclusion Overall, we identify key differences in pro-inflammatory immune profiles between preterm and term infants. These findings may help to explain why preterm infants are more susceptible to infectious disease during early life and facilitate the development of targeted interventions to protect this highly vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cao Minh Thang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | - Vo Thi Trang Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Van Thanh Phan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Hong Nhu
- Department of Labour Delivery, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Nguyen Trong Toan
- Clinical Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Christopher M Harpur
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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37
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Neeland MR, Bannister S, Clifford V, Nguyen J, Dohle K, Overmars I, Toh ZQ, Anderson J, Donato CM, Sarkar S, Do LAH, McCafferty C, Licciardi PV, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Bines JE, Mulholland K, Curtis N, McNab S, Steer AC, Burgner DP, Saffery R, Tosif S, Crawford NW. Children and Adults in a Household Cohort Study Have Robust Longitudinal Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Exposure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741639. [PMID: 34721408 PMCID: PMC8548628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have reduced severity of COVID-19 compared to adults and typically have mild or asymptomatic disease. The immunological mechanisms underlying these age-related differences in clinical outcomes remain unexplained. Here, we quantify 23 immune cell populations in 141 samples from children and adults with mild COVID-19 and their PCR-negative close household contacts at acute and convalescent time points. Children with COVID-19 displayed marked reductions in myeloid cells during infection, most prominent in children under the age of five. Recovery from infection in both children and adults was characterised by the generation of CD8 TCM and CD4 TCM up to 9 weeks post infection. SARS-CoV-2-exposed close contacts also had immunological changes over time despite no evidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection on PCR testing. This included an increase in low-density neutrophils during convalescence in both exposed children and adults, as well as increases in CD8 TCM and CD4 TCM in exposed adults. In comparison to children with other common respiratory viral infections, those with COVID-19 had a greater change in innate and T cell-mediated immune responses over time. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the immune response during and after recovery from COVID-19 in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha Bannister
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Laboratory Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jill Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabella Overmars
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Conor McCafferty
- Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie E Bines
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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38
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Licciardi PV. Streptococcus pneumoniae controlled human infection models: Opportunities and challenges. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103620. [PMID: 34628352 PMCID: PMC8511837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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39
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Higgins RA, Temple B, Dai VTT, Phan TV, Toan NT, Spry L, Toh ZQ, Nation ML, Ortika BD, Uyen DY, Cheung YB, Nguyen CD, Bright K, Hinds J, Balloch A, Smith-Vaughan H, Huu TN, Mulholland K, Satzke C, Licciardi PV. IMMUNOGENICITY AND IMPACT ON NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE OF A SINGLE DOSE OF PCV10 GIVEN TO VIETNAMESE CHILDREN AT 18 MONTHS OF AGE. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 16:100273. [PMID: 34590071 PMCID: PMC8453212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated the immunogenicity and impact on nasopharyngeal carriage of a single dose of PCV10 given to 18-month-old Vietnamese children. This information is important for countries considering catch-up vaccination during PCV introduction and in the context of vaccination during humanitarian crises. Methods Two groups of PCV-naïve children within the Vietnam Pneumococcal Project received PCV10 (n=197) or no PCV (unvaccinated; n=199) at 18 months of age. Blood samples were collected at 18, 19, and 24 months of age, and nasopharyngeal swabs at 18 and 24 months of age. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring serotype-specific IgG, opsonophagocytosis (OPA) and memory B cells (Bmem). Pneumococci were detected and quantified using real-time PCR and serotyped by microarray. Findings At 19 months of age, IgG and OPA responses were higher in the PCV10 group compared with the unvaccinated group for all PCV10 serotypes and cross-reactive serotypes 6A and 19A. This was sustained out to 24 months of age, at which point PCV10-type carriage was 60% lower in the PCV10 group than the unvaccinated group. Bmem levels increased between 18 and 24 months of age in the vaccinated group. Interpretation We demonstrate strong protective immune responses in vaccinees following a single dose of PCV10 at 18 months of age, and a potential impact on herd protection through a substantial reduction in vaccine-type carriage. A single dose of PCV10 in the second year of life could be considered as part of catch-up campaigns or in humanitarian crises to protect children at high-risk of pneumococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Higgins
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beth Temple
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Global Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vo Thi Trang Dai
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh V Phan
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Toan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Leena Spry
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monica L Nation
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belinda D Ortika
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Doan Y Uyen
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Cattram D Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Bright
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Hinds
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.,BUGS Bioscience, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Anne Balloch
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heidi Smith-Vaughan
- Global Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Tran Ngoc Huu
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Toh ZQ, Quang C, Tooma JA, Garland SM, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Australia's Role in Pneumococcal and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Evaluation in Asia-Pacific. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080921. [PMID: 34452046 PMCID: PMC8402478 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Australian researchers have made substantial contributions to the field of vaccinology over many decades. Two examples of this contribution relate to pneumococcal vaccines and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, with a focus on improving access to these vaccines in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). Many LLMICs considering introducing one or both of these vaccines into their National Immunisation Programs face significant barriers such as cost, logistics associated with vaccine delivery. These countries also often lack the resources and expertise to undertake the necessary studies to evaluate vaccine performance. This review summarizes the role of Australia in the development and/or evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines and the HPV vaccine, including the use of alternative vaccine strategies among countries situated in the Asia-Pacific region. The outcomes of these research programs have had significant global health impacts, highlighting the importance of these vaccines in preventing pneumococcal disease as well as HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Chau Quang
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Tooma
- Australia Cervical Cancer Foundation, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Suzanne M. Garland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Regional WHO HPV Reference Laboratory, Centre Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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41
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Tuckerman J, Lee L, Wurzel D, Tosif S, Clifford V, McMinn A, O'Donaghue K, Rautenbacher K, Licciardi PV, Toh R, Daley A, Crawford NW. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in health-care workers at a tertiary paediatric hospital. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1136-1139. [PMID: 34216170 PMCID: PMC8447152 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tuckerman
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lai‐Yang Lee
- Microbiology, Laboratory ServicesThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Respiratory MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia,General MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Immunisation ServiceRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Microbiology, Laboratory ServicesThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alissa McMinn
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kate O'Donaghue
- Infection Prevention and ControlThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karin Rautenbacher
- Microbiology, Laboratory ServicesThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ryan Toh
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew Daley
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Microbiology, Laboratory ServicesThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and ImmunityMurdoch Children's Research InstituteVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia,General MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Immunisation ServiceRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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42
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Toh ZQ, Higgins RA, Mazarakis N, Abbott E, Nathanielsz J, Balloch A, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Evaluating Functional Immunity Following Encapsulated Bacterial Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:677. [PMID: 34203030 PMCID: PMC8234458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis cause significant morbidity and mortality in young children despite the availability of vaccines. Highly specific antibodies are the primary mechanism of protection against invasive disease. Robust and standardised assays that measure functional antibodies are also necessary for vaccine evaluation and allow for the accurate comparison of data between clinical studies. This mini review describes the current state of functional antibody assays and their importance in measuring protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Higgins
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Elysia Abbott
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Jordan Nathanielsz
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Anne Balloch
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.); (E.A.); (J.N.); (A.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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43
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Toh ZQ, Higgins RA, Do LAH, Rautenbacher K, Mordant FL, Subbarao K, Dohle K, Nguyen J, Steer AC, Tosif S, Crawford NW, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG in Children 6 Months After Infection, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2233-2235. [PMID: 34016252 PMCID: PMC8314814 DOI: 10.3201/eid2708.210965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The duration of the humoral immune response in children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is unknown. We detected specific IgG 6 months after infection in children who were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms of coronavirus disease. These findings will inform vaccination strategies and other prevention measures.
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44
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Selva KJ, van de Sandt CE, Lemke MM, Lee CY, Shoffner SK, Chua BY, Davis SK, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Koutsakos M, Wong CY, Mordant F, Jackson DC, Flanagan KL, Crowe J, Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Crawford NW, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Chappell K, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Young P, Lee WS, Wines BD, Mark Hogarth P, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Arnold KB, Kedzierska K, Chung AW. Systems serology detects functionally distinct coronavirus antibody features in children and elderly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2037. [PMID: 33795692 PMCID: PMC8016934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of COVID-19 are higher pathogenicity and mortality in the elderly compared to children. Examining baseline SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive immunological responses, induced by circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs), is needed to understand such divergent clinical outcomes. Here we show analysis of coronavirus antibody responses of pre-pandemic healthy children (n = 89), adults (n = 98), elderly (n = 57), and COVID-19 patients (n = 50) by systems serology. Moderate levels of cross-reactive, but non-neutralizing, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are detected in pre-pandemic healthy individuals. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific Fcγ receptor binding accurately distinguishes COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces qualitative changes to antibody Fc, enhancing Fcγ receptor engagement. Higher cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are observed in healthy elderly, while healthy children display elevated SARS-CoV-2 IgM, suggesting that children have fewer hCoV exposures, resulting in less-experienced but more polyreactive humoral immunity. Age-dependent analysis of COVID-19 patients, confirms elevated class-switched antibodies in elderly, while children have stronger Fc responses which we demonstrate are functionally different. These insights will inform COVID-19 vaccination strategies, improved serological diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne K Shoffner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunisation Service, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection Prevention & Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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45
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Licciardi PV, Frazer IH, Garland SM, Mulholland K. Editorial: Immunology of HPV Infection and Vaccination: Progress and Challenges. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665463. [PMID: 33777057 PMCID: PMC7994341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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46
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Toh ZQ, Russell FM, Garland SM, Mulholland EK, Patton G, Licciardi PV. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination After COVID-19. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab011. [PMID: 33748668 PMCID: PMC7962726 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to derail the uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in low- and lower-middle income countries with major disruptions to routine immunization and the introduction of new vaccines delayed. This has a major impact on the World Health Organization cervical cancer elimination strategy, where it is dependent on HPV vaccination as well as cervical cancer screening and treatment. We discuss current opportunities and barriers to achieve high uptake of HPV vaccination in low- and lower-middle income countries as well as the impact of COVID-19. Implementation of 4 key recommendations for HPV vaccination in low- and lower-middle income countries is needed: increased global financial investment; improved vaccine supply and accelerated use of a single-dose schedule; education and social marketing; and adoption of universal school-based delivery. With the commitment of the global health community, the adoption of these strategies would underpin the effective elimination of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona M Russell
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Edward K Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - George Patton
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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47
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Toh ZQ, Higgins RA, Anderson J, Mazarakis N, Do LAH, Rautenbacher K, Ramos P, Dohle K, Tosif S, Crawford N, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. The use of dried blood spots for the serological evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:e260-e263. [PMID: 33611565 PMCID: PMC7928805 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine if dried blood spot specimens (DBS) can reliably detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in paired serum and eluates from DBS specimens. Methods A total of 95 paired DBS and serum samples were collected from 74 participants (aged 1–63 years) as part of a household cohort study in Melbourne, Australia. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S1 proteins between serum and eluates from DBS specimens were compared using an FDA-approved ELISA method. Results Among the 74 participants, 42% (31/74) were children and the rest were adults. A total of 16 children and 13 adults were SARS-CoV-2 positive by polymerase chain reaction. The IgG seropositivity rate was similar between serum and DBS specimens (18.9% (18/95) versus 16.8% (16/95)), respectively. Similar RBD and S1-specific IgG levels were detected between serum and DBS specimens. Serum IgG levels strongly correlated with DBS IgG levels (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) for both SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Furthermore, antibodies remained stable in DBS specimens for >3 months. Conclusions DBS specimens can be reliably used as an alternative to serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurement. The use of DBS specimens would facilitate serosurveillance efforts particularly in hard-to-reach populations and inform public health responses including COVID-19 vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rachel A Higgins
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karin Rautenbacher
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Pedro Ramos
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nigel Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK †Both authors contributed equally
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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48
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Anderson J, Do LAH, Wurzel D, Quan Toh Z, Mulholland K, Pellicci DG, Licciardi PV. Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in preterm infants: a case of innate immaturity. Thorax 2021; 76:942-950. [PMID: 33574121 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children under 5 years of age. Severe RSV disease is associated with the development of chronic respiratory complications such as recurrent wheezing and asthma. A common risk factor for developing severe RSV disease is premature gestation and this is largely due to an immature innate immune system. This increases susceptibility to RSV since the innate immune system is less able to protect against pathogens at a time when adaptive immunity has not fully developed. This review focuses on comparing different aspects of innate immunity between preterm and term infants to better understand why preterm infants are more susceptible to severe RSV disease. Identifying early life innate immune biomarkers associated with the development of severe RSV disease, and understanding how these compare between preterm and term infants, remains a critically important question that would aid the development of interventions to reduce the burden of disease in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne-Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne-Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne-Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne-Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne-Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne-Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Sarkar S, Selva KJ, Do LAH, Donato C, Quan Toh Z, Higgins R, Van de Sandt C, Lemke MM, Lee CY, Shoffner SK, Flanagan KL, Arnold KB, Mordant FL, Mulholland K, Bines J, Dohle K, Pellicci DG, Curtis N, McNab S, Steer A, Saffery R, Subbarao K, Chung AW, Kedzierska K, Burgner DP, Crawford NW. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in three children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5703. [PMID: 33177504 PMCID: PMC7658256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to adults, children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have predominantly mild or asymptomatic infections, but the underlying immunological differences remain unclear. Here, we describe clinical features, virology, longitudinal cellular, and cytokine immune profile, SARS-CoV-2-specific serology and salivary antibody responses in a family of two parents with PCR-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their three children, who tested repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative. Cellular immune profiles and cytokine responses of all children are similar to their parents at all timepoints. All family members have salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected, predominantly IgA, that coincide with symptom resolution in 3 of 4 symptomatic members. Plasma from both parents and one child have IgG antibody against the S1 protein and virus-neutralizing activity detected. Using a systems serology approach, we demonstrate higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody features of these family members compared to healthy controls. These data indicate that children can mount an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 without virological confirmation of infection, raising the possibility that immunity in children can prevent the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relying on routine virological and serological testing may not identify exposed children, with implications for epidemiological and clinical studies across the life-span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidan Tosif
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Celeste Donato
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Higgins
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolien Van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | | | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Bines
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Steer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Toh ZQ, He L, Chen C, Huang A, Russell FM, Garland SM, Reyburn R, Ratu T, Tuivaga E, Frazer IH, Mulholland EK, Licciardi PV. Measurement of Human Papillomavirus-Specific Antibodies Using a Pseudovirion-Based ELISA Method. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585768. [PMID: 33193410 PMCID: PMC7655971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are safe and effective in preventing HPV infection and cervical precancers. Neutralizing antibodies are thought to be the primary mechanism of protection for HPV vaccines, although the exact level required for protection has not been identified. Three common serological assays used in clinical trials to measure HPV antibodies are HPV pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA), competitive or total Luminex immunoassays (cLIA or LIA) and VLP-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). While PBNA is the gold-standard for measuring neutralizing antibodies (NAb), it is labor intensive. Luminex immunoassay and VLP-ELISA are rapid and high throughput, but their reagents and equipment can be difficult to source. Nevertheless, data generated from these assays generally correlate well with PBNA. Here, we described a simplified high-throughput PsV-based ELISA for HPV antibody measurement, to circumvent some of the limitations of existing assays. Using this assay, we were able to differentiate HPV-specific IgG and IgM, and found a strong correlation between HPV-specific IgG and NAb levels, as previously determined by PBNA. This assay platform is simpler and less time-consuming than PBNA. In addition, the materials can be readily produced and obtained commercially. This assay can be used as an alternative method to measure HPV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura He
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Chen
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Huang
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona M Russell
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Regional WHO HPV Reference Laboratory, Centre Women's Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rita Reyburn
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tupou Ratu
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Evelyn Tuivaga
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E Kim Mulholland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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