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Tseng JY, Hsu SH, Lai HY. A disposable envelope for video-assisted intubating stylet during tracheal intubation in COVID-19 pandemic. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:136. [PMID: 34812770 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Steven H Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsien-Yung Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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Jamaludin FH, Fathil SM, Wong TW, Termizi MS, Hsu SH, Lai HY. Simulation and evaluation of the protective barrier enclosure for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resusc Plus 2021; 8:100180. [PMID: 34806055 PMCID: PMC8590516 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge for infection prevention and control during airway management in anaesthesia and critical care. The protective barrier enclosure has been described and studied particularly for perioperative anaesthesia use. The potential use of the protective barrier enclosure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been poorly explored in the current literature. This work aims to demonstrate the potential of protective barrier enclosure in limiting aerosol dispersion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation delivery. METHODS A proof-of-concept simulation study was conducted to evaluate the protective properties of the protective barrier enclosure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Aerosol was simulated using a fluorescent dye trapped within the manikin. Three different methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation delivery with a protective barrier enclosure applied over the manikin's head were conducted. The first method simulated a chest compression only cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the second method also used chest compressions only, with a face mask fitted on the victim, while the third method, the victim was given chest compression and bag-valve-mask ventilation by two rescuers. RESULTS In the first method, release of aerosol from the manikin's mouth was observed during chest compression, while in second method, most of the aerosol was trapped within the face mask, with only minor leaking. However, when bag-valve-mask ventilation was delivered, the aerosol leaked out at high speed around the bag-valve-mask seal. No aerosol condensation was found outside of the protective barrier enclosure in all scenes. CONCLUSION Protective barrier enclosure may reduce aerosol exposure to the rescuers during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah H. Jamaludin
- Clinical Engineering Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Tuck-Whye Wong
- Clinical Engineering Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Maryam S. Termizi
- Department of Emergency and Trauma, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Steven H. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsien Y. Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Li L, Hsu SH, Wang C, Li B, Sun L, Shi J, Ren Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu J. Characteristics of viral pneumonia in non-HIV immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:767. [PMID: 34362320 PMCID: PMC8343364 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerning viral pneumonia, few large-scale comparative studies have been published describing non-HIV immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, but the epidemiological characteristics of different viruses or underlying diseases in immunocompromised hosts are lacking. METHODS We retrospectively recruited patients hospitalised with viral pneumonia from six academic hospitals in China between August 2016 and December 2019. We measured the prevalence of comorbidities, coinfections, nosocomial infections, and in-hospital mortalities. RESULTS Of the 806 patients, 370 were immunocompromised and 436 were immunocompetent. The disease severity and in-hospital mortality of immunocompromised patients were higher than those of immunocompetent patients. During the influenza season, an increased number of cases of influenza virus (IFV) infection were found in the immunocompromised group, followed by cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. During the non-influenza season, CMV was the main virus detected in the immunocompromised group, while RSV, adenovirus (AdV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and rhinovirus (HRV) were the main viruses detected in the immunocompetent group. Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (22.4%), Aspergillus spp. (14.1%), and bacteria (13.8%) were the most frequently observed coinfections in immunocompromised patients but not in immunocompetent patients (Aspergillus spp. [10.8%], bacteria [7.1%], and Mycoplasma spp. [5.3%]). CMV infection and infection with two-or-more viruses were associated with a higher in-hospital mortality rate than non-IFV infection. However, patients with IFV and non-IFV infection in immunocompromised patients had similar disease severity and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Immunocompromised patients have a high frequency of coinfections, and a higher mortality rate was observed among those infected with CMV and two-or-more viruses. In addition, patients with IFV and non-IFV infection in immunocompromised patients had similar same disease severity and prognosis. The type of viral infection varied with seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan E St, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Steven H Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan E St, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan E St, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingxiao Sun
- Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinying Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yali Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Abstract
SUMMARY Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 most commonly present in severe cases and range from mild complications, such as headache and dizziness, to severe complications, such as encephalopathy and acute cerebrovascular disease. Seizures, however, are an underreported neurological manifestation of this disease. We present three critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients with EEG monitoring who developed new-onset seizures and encephalopathy up to three-and-a-half weeks after symptom onset. There are several speculated etiologies for the development of new-onset seizures; however, the pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Testing of coronavirus disease 2019 in the cerebrospinal fluid in addition to extensive research on neurological manifestations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mithani
- Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Meryim Poursheykhi
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Brandy Ma
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, U.S.A
| | - Robert G Smith
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Steven H Hsu
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; and
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Deepa Gotur
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; and
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Steven H Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsien-Yung Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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Li L, Hsu SH, Gu X, Jiang S, Shang L, Sun G, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang C, Ren Y, Wang J, Pan J, Liu J, Bin C. Aetiology and prognostic risk factors of mortality in patients with pneumonia receiving glucocorticoids alone or glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037419. [PMID: 33109645 PMCID: PMC7592294 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term use of high-dose glucocorticoids can lead to severe immunosuppression and increased risk of treatment-resistant pneumonia and mortality. We investigated the aetiology and prognostic risk factors of mortality in hospitalised patients who developed pneumonia while receiving glucocorticoid therapy alone or glucocorticoid and other immunosuppressant therapies. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Six secondary and tertiary academic hospitals in China. PARTICIPANTS Patients receiving glucocorticoids who were hospitalised with pneumonia between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES We analysed the prevalence of comorbidities, microbiology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, 30-day and 90-day mortality and prognostic risk factors. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: A total of 716 patients were included, with pneumonia pathogens identified in 69.8% of patients. Significant morbidities occurred, including respiratory failure (50.8%), intensive care unit transfer (40.8%) and mechanical ventilation (36%), with a 90-day mortality of 26.0%. Diagnosis of pneumonia occurred within 6 months of glucocorticoid initiation for 69.7% of patients with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia and 79.0% of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). Pathogens, including Pneumocystis, CMV and multidrug-resistant bacteria, were identified more frequently in patients with persistent lymphocytopenia and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment (≥30 mg/day of prednisolone or equivalent within 30 days before admission). The 90-day mortality was significantly lower for non-CMV viral pneumonias than for PCP (p<0.05), with a similar mortality as CMV pneumonias (24.2% vs 38.1% vs 27.4%, respectively). Cox regression analysis indicated several independent negative predictors for mortality in this patient population, including septic shock, respiratory failure, persistent lymphocytopenia, interstitial lung disease and high-dose glucocorticoid use.Patients who developed pneumonia while receiving glucocorticoid therapy experienced high rates of opportunistic infections, with significant morbidity and mortality. These findings should be carefully considered when determining treatment strategies for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Steven H Hsu
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhan Shang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guolei Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Clinical Research on Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yali Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cao Bin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yung Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Christian Mennonite Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence: Dr. Hsien-Yung Lai, Department of Anesthesiology, Christian Mennonite Hospital, 44, Ming Churn Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (H.-Y. Lai)
| | - Mu-Liang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Christian Mennonite Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Steven H. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hsu SH, Lai HY, Zabaneh F, Masud FN. Aerosol containment box to the rescue: extra protection for the front line. Emerg Med J 2020; 37:400-401. [PMID: 32527948 PMCID: PMC7299660 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic has created shortages of vital personal protective equipment that threatens healthcare workers’ risk of exposure, a need for innovative new ways to protect healthcare workers has emerged. An aerosol containment box that covers the patient’s head and neck in bed provides a solution to protect clinicians during aerosol-generating procedures such as intubation. We collaborated with original designer HYL and modified the size to adapt to larger patients and operator mobility. We expand its applicability by allowing the use of different instruments. The container is outfitted with an ultra-low particulate air-equipped filtration vacuum device to create negative pressure within the chamber and actively remove floating droplet nuclei generated during a procedure. This barrier method will be a valuable and economical option to protect healthcare workers on the front line globally during this pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsien Yung Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Firas Zabaneh
- System Infection Prevention and Control, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Faisal N Masud
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hsu SH, Campbell C, Weeks AK, Herklotz M, Kostelecky N, Pastores SM, Halpern NA, Voigt LP. A pilot survey of ventilated cancer patients' perspectives and recollections of early mobility in the intensive care unit. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:747-753. [PMID: 31144173 PMCID: PMC7223790 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the level of recall, satisfaction, and perceived benefits of early mobility (EM) among ventilated cancer patients after extubation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A survey of patients’ perceptions and recollections of EM was administered within 72 h of extubation. Data on recall of EM participation, activities achieved, adequacy of staffing and rest periods, strength to participate, activity level of difficulty, satisfaction with staff instructions, breathing management, and overall rating of the experience were analyzed. The Confusion Assessment Method for ICU (CAM-ICU) was used for delirium screening. Results Fifty-four patients comprised the study group. Nearly 90% reported satisfaction with instructions, staffing, rest periods, and breathing management during EM. Participants indicated that EM maintained their strength (67%) and gave them control over their recovery (61%); a minority felt optimistic (37%) and safe (22%). Patients who achieved more sessions and “out-of-bed” exercises had better recall of actual activities compared with those who exercised in bed. Overall, patients with CAM-ICU-positive results (33%) performed less physical and occupational therapy exercises. Conclusions Ventilated cancer patients reported an overall positive EM experience, but factual memory impairment of EM activities was common. These findings highlight the needs and the importance of shaping strategies to deliver a more patient focused EM experience. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00520-019-04867-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Hsu
- Critical Care Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Suite C-1179, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudine Campbell
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda K Weeks
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maryann Herklotz
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Kostelecky
- Critical Care Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Suite C-1179, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stephen M Pastores
- Critical Care Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Suite C-1179, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neil A Halpern
- Critical Care Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Suite C-1179, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Louis P Voigt
- Critical Care Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Suite C-1179, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Abstract
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a common household item that has gained popularity as an alternative cancer treatment. Some have speculated that alkali therapy neutralizes the extracellular acidity of tumor cells that promotes metastases. Internet blogs have touted alkali as a safe and natural alternative to chemotherapy that targets cancer cells without systemic effects. Sodium bicarbonate overdose is uncommon, with few reports of toxic effects in humans. The case described here is the first reported case of severe metabolic alkalosis related to topical use of sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for cancer. This case highlights how a seemingly benign and readily available product can have potentially lethal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Galinko
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Steven H Hsu
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
| | - Cosmin Gauran
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Michael L Fingerhood
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Stephen M Pastores
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Neil A Halpern
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Sanjay Chawla
- Laura B. Galinko is an anesthesiology resident at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. At the time of this case report, Steven H. Hsu was a critical care medicine fellow and Michael L. Fingerhood was a pulmonary medicine fellow at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cosmin Gauran is an assistant attending, Stephen M. Pastores is the critical care fellowship director, and Neil A. Halpern is the director of the Critical Care Center, and Sanjay Chawla is an associate attending in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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Viter R, Jekabsons K, Kalnina Z, Poletaev N, Hsu SH, Riekstina U. Bioanalytical system for detection of cancer cells with photoluminescent ZnO nanorods. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:465101. [PMID: 27731308 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/465101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using photoluminescent ZnO nanorods and carbohydrate marker SSEA-4, a novel cancer cell recognition system was developed. Immobilization of SSEA-4 antibodies (αSSEA-4) on ZnO nanorods was performed in buffer solution (pH = 7.1) over 2 h. The cancer cell line probes were fixed on the glass slide. One hundred microliters of ZnO-αSSEA-4 conjugates were deposited on the cell probe and exposed for 30 min. After washing photoluminescence spectra were recorded. Based on the developed methodology, ZnO-αSSEA-4 probes were tested on patient-derived breast and colorectal carcinoma cells. Our data clearly show that the carbohydrate SSEA-4 molecule is expressed on cancer cell lines and patient-derived cancer cells. Moreover, SSEA-4 targeted ZnO nanorods bind to the patient-derived cancer cells with high selectivity and the photoluminescence signal increased tremendously compared to the signal from the control samples. Furthermore, the photoluminescence intensity increase correlated with the extent of malignancy in the target cell population. A novel portable bioanalytical system, based on optical ZnO nanorods and fiber optic detection system was developed. We propose that carbohydrate SSEA-4 specific ZnO nanorods could be used for the development of cancer diagnostic biosensors and for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Hsu SY, Wang PC, Yang TH, Lin TF, Hsu SH, Hsu CJ. Auditory efferent dysfunction in normal-hearing chronic idiopathic tinnitus. B-ENT 2013; 9:101-109. [PMID: 23909116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of the auditory efferent system in patients with chronic idiopathic tinnitus, but normal pure-tone audiograms. METHODS We studied 15 subjects with normal hearing that had experienced either unilateral or bilateral persistent tinnitus for at least 3 months. The ears of the 15 subjects were classified into tinnitus-positive-ear (TPE) and tinnitus-negative-ear (TNE) groups. The control-ear group (CE) comprised the ears of 15 subjects with normal hearing and no tinnitus. We measured different types of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), including spontaneous (SOAEs), transient evoked (TEOAEs), and distortion product (DPOAEs). We also analyzed contralateral suppression of OAEs and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Data were compared among TPE, TNE, and CE groups. RESULTS The data associated with cochlear mechanics, including the prevalence of SOAEs, the number of SOAE peaks, and the overall TEOAE responses in the absence of a contralateral stimulus, were not significantly different among the TPE, TNE, and CE groups. In the TPE group, contralateral stimuli failed to significantly suppress overall TEOAEs, and contralateral suppression of DPOAEs was significantly reduced over a limited frequency range. Furthermore, the TPE group showed prolonged latencies in waves III and V of ABRs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that abnormal contralateral suppression of OAEs and ABRs indicated a dysfunction in the ipsilateral efferent medial olivocochlear system; this might play a role in normal-hearing tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kamat N, Nguyen-Ehrenreich KLT, Hsu SH, Ma AP, Sinn I, Coleman L, Tai J. Characterization of Vascular Injury Responses to Stent Insertion in an Ex-vivo Arterial Perfusion Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011; 22:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Heng BC, Hsu SH, Cowan CM, Liu A, Tai J, Chan Y, Sherman W, Basu S. Transcatheter injection-induced changes in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:1111-21. [PMID: 19650972 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x12483162197006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are being administered by direct intramyocardial (IM) injection into patients with myocardial dysfunction with an objective to improve clinical status. However, surprisingly little attention has been directed to qualifying hMSC functionality beyond simple viability. In particular, the transit of hMSCs through a small-caliber needle lumen, the final fluidic pathway for all IM injection devices, may be especially prone to inducing unwarranted effects on cell function. This study evaluated the changes in clonogenicity, gene expression, and cytokine secretion that may be induced in hMSC (20 million/ml) by injection through a 26-gauge Nitinol needle at two different flow rates compared to noninjected control samples. Results indicated that hMSC viability and colony forming unit (CFU) formation was not altered by changes in injection rate, although a trend toward lower titers was noted at the higher flow rate, for the specific batch of hMSCs studied. The gene expression and cytokine analysis data suggest that delivering a suspension of MSCs through narrow lumen needles may marginally alter certain gene expression programs, but that such in vitro effects are transient and not translated into measurable differences in protein production. Gene expression levels of four cytokines (bFGF, SDF-1, SCF, VEGF) were significantly different at 400 microl/min, and that of all cytokines were significantly different at 1600 microl/min when compared to controls (p < 0.05). These changes were less pronounced (statistically insignificant for most cases, p > 0.05) and, in certain instances directionally opposite, at 72 h. However, no differences in the amounts of secreted bFGF, VEGF, or TGF-beta were detectable at either of the two time points or flow rates. We infer that intramyocardial administration by transcatheter techniques is unlikely to interfere with the machinery required for cell replication or secretion of regulatory and other growth factors, which are the mainstays of MSC contribution to cardiac tissue repair and regeneration.
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17
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Chiu CH, Yu P, Kuo HC, Chen CC, Lu TC, Wang SC, Hsu SH, Cheng YJ, Chang YC. Broadband and omnidirectional antireflection employing disordered GaN nanopillars. Opt Express 2008; 16:8748-8754. [PMID: 18545588 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.008748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Disordered GaN nanopillars of three different heights: 300, 550, and 720 nm are fabricated, and demonstrate broad angular and spectral antireflective characteristics, up to an incident angle of 60? and for the wavelength range of lambda=300-1800 nm. An algorithm based on a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method is developed to investigate the correlations between the reflective characteristics and the structural properties of the nanopillars. The broadband and omnidirectional antireflection arises mainly from the refractive-index gradient provided by nanopillars. Calculations show excellent agreement with the measured reflectivities for both s- and p- polarizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chiu
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Guo H, Fang B, Liao L, Zhao Z, Liu J, Chen H, Hsu SH, Cui Q, Zhao RC. Hemangioblastic characteristics of fetal bone marrow-derived Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) cells. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:650-8. [PMID: 12842710 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) cells isolated from fetal bone marrow (BM) have characteristics of hemangioblasts, i.e., progenitors of endothelial and hematopoietic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mononuclear cells from fetal BM were negatively sorted by CD45, GlyA, and CD34 micromagnetic beads, then cultured to form cell colonies. A single colony was harvested. Culture-expanded cells were seeded on ECM gel or semisolid media supplemented with endothelial and hematopoietic growth factors, respectively. Immunochemistry staining and RT-PCR were performed for cell characterization. RESULTS 99% of cells from the single colony maintained Flk1(+) and CD31/CD34(-) during passaging. On ECM gel, Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) cells could grow into vascular structure that was positive for CD31 and vWF. There were round CD34(+) cells around the vascular structure. When angiogenesis inhibitor suramin was added before tube formation, formation of vascular structure was blocked. Additionally, Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) cells cultured on hematopoietic condition could differentiate into hematopoietic cells which expressed GATA-1, 2, and gamma, beta globin gene. After being replated in methylcellulose medium, they formed typical erythroid colonies. CONCLUSIONS Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) cells derived from fetal BM could differentiate into endothelial and hematopoietic cells. The results suggested that these Flk1(+)CD31(-)CD34(-) cells after embryo stage bear characteristics of hemangioblast and may have potential application for the hematopoietic and vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Sino-American Collaborative Laboratory, Stat Key Lab of Experimental Haematology, Institute of Haematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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19
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Tsai KS, Yen ML, Pan HA, Wu MH, Cheng WC, Hsu SH, Yen BL, Huang KE. Raloxifene versus continuous combined estrogen/progestin therapy: densitometric and biochemical effects in healthy postmenopausal Taiwanese women. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12:1020-5. [PMID: 11846327 DOI: 10.1007/s001980170011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We treated 116 healthy postmenopausal women (age 47-66 years, mean 57 years) in Taiwan with either raloxifene (RLX) 60 mg (n = 92) or 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (CCEP, n = 24) daily for 12 months in a randomized, double-masked, active-controlled fashion. The results showed that both regimens increased bone mineral density (BMD) at hip sites (means: RLX 2.5-4.9%, CCEP 4.6-7.9%, all p<0.005 compared with baseline), and the difference between the two regimens was not significant. The spinal BMD increased significantly in both groups (1.4% with RLX and 6.0% with CCEP, both p<0.01), and more with CCEP (p<0.003). Osteocalcin levels and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide/creatinine ratios decreased significantly in both regimens, but the decreases were significantly larger with CCEP. Compared with baseline, both RLX and CCEP decreased the total cholesterol (median 4.9% and 8.6% respectively, p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (median 11% and 19% respectively, p<0.001), and increased HDL-cholesterol (median 8.6% and 10.7% respectively, p<0.01). Both regimens increased triglyceride levels (median 3.2% and 18.9% respectively, both p<0.05), although to a lesser extent with RLX than with CCEP (p<0.05). Only 3 subjects (3.3%) reported vaginal bleeding in the RLX group, as compared with 31% (7/22) with CCEP (p<0.05). We conclude that in healthy, postmenopausal Taiwanese women, RLX 60 mg given daily has favorable results in BMD, bone turnover and serum lipids, although the dosage we used showed a potency less than that of conventional CCEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, Taipei, ROC
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20
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Abstract
Members of the RING finger family are implicated in a variety of functions such as signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and other developmental processes. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the RING domain, we isolated a novel RING finger gene from the mouse testis cDNA library, which was about 1.8 kb and was termed Trif (testis-specific ring finger). This deduced protein contains an N-terminal RING-finger, a B-box, and a C-terminal B-30.2-like domain, which make the Trif protein a member of the RING finger-B-box-coil-coil family. Northern blot analysis of adult multiple tissues indicated that Trif is expressed predominantly in the testis. Further analysis detected Trif transcripts in the testis from day 20 of the postnatal stage. In situ hybridization indicated that Trif is expressed in the round spermatids of the seminiferous tubules. These expression data suggest that Trif may play an important role in the regulation of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Shyu
- Institute of Life Science, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Hsu SH, Cheng WC, Jang MW, Tsai KS. Effects of long-term use of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on thyroid function test profiles. Clin Chem 2001; 47:1865-7. [PMID: 11568106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
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22
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Abstract
We isolated a novel bHLH-Zip gene designated Spz1 from a mouse testis cDNA library. Spz1 is expressed specifically in the testis and epididymis. Immunofluorescence staining detected Spz1 protein in the nuclei of LFG6 Leydig cells. The ability of Spz1 protein to bind to the bHLH consensus-binding site, the E-box, was confirmed by EMSA, and a 9-bp asymmetric target site was identified by random selection and PCR amplification. Hormonal regulation of Spz1 was investigated and downregulation of Spz1 expression by testosterone and retinoic acid was found. This nuclear transcription factor may play a crucial role in spermatogenesis by regulating cell proliferation or differentiation through binding to specific DNA sequences like other bHLH-Zip molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Kuo KW, Hsu SH, Li YP, Lin WL, Liu LF, Chang LC, Lin CC, Lin CN, Sheu HM. Anticancer activity evaluation of the solanum glycoalkaloid solamargine. Triggering apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:1865-73. [PMID: 11108802 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Solamargine, an herbal and molluscicidal medicine derived from Solanum incanum, is a steroidal alkaloid glycoside. To characterize the anticancer mechanism of solamargine on human hepatoma cells (Hep3B), changes of cell morphology, DNA content, and gene expression of cells after solamargine treatment were studied. The appearance in solamargine-treated cells of chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and a sub-G(1) peak in a DNA histogram suggests that solamargine induces cell death by apoptosis. The maximum number of dead Hep3B cells was detected within 2 hr of incubation with constant concentrations of solamargine, and no further cell death was observed after an extended incubation with solamargine, indicating that the action of solamargine was irreversible. To determine the susceptibility of cell phases to solamargine-mediated apoptosis, Hep3B cells were synchronized at defined cell cycles by cyclosporin A, colchicine, and genistein, followed by solamargine treatment. The IC(50) values of solamargine for control, G(0)/G(1)-, M-, and G(2)/M-synchronized Hep3B cells were 5.0, > 10, 3.7, and 3.1 microg/mL, implying that cells in the G(2)/M phases are relatively susceptible to solamargine-mediated apoptosis. In addition, a parallel up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-I and -II on Hep3B cells was detected after solamargine treatment, and the solamargine-mediated cytotoxicity could be neutralized with either TNFR-I or -II specific antibody. Therefore, these results reveal that the actions of TNFR-I and -II on Hep3B cells may be independent, and both are involved in the mechanism of solamargine-mediated apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Solanaceous Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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24
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Abstract
To evaluate the effects of alendronate on postmenopausal Chinese women with osteopenia, we treated 46 subjects daily with either 10 mg alendronate (N = 24) or placebo plus 500 mg calcium supplement (N = 22), and measured their bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and hip, and urinary bone resorption markers before, during, and after the 1 year treatment period. The bone markers included N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd); both were corrected by the concentration of creatinine in the same sample (NTx/Cr and Dpd/Cr). Both NTx/Cr and Dpd/Cr decreased significantly by 44% and 28%, respectively (p < 0.05 for both), in 1 month in the active treatment group but did not change in the placebo group. BMD at the spine, femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle increased significantly by 6 months and showed a further increase through month 12 at the spine in the alendronate-treated group. Relative to the placebo group, BMD changes at various sites in the alendronate-treated group were higher at 12 months by 6%-11%. Thus, our data suggest that 10 mg alendronate daily resulted in significant increases in spine and hip BMD, and decreases of urinary resorption markers in the osteopenic postmenopausal Chinese women studied. The amplitude of responses was higher than in previous reports in the USA and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Republic of China, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Abstract
Three experiments using Chinese text were conducted to investigate word spacing and its effect on reading performance. In Exp. 1, a sonogram detector was used to analyze interword and intercharacter (within a word) time intervals from text read aloud by professional TV broadcasters versus college graduates. The results showed interword intervals were significantly longer than intercharacter intervals, indicating that interword spacing has psychological reality in speech. Exp. 2 examined the effect on reading performance due to separating the characters that compose a word. Separating the characters of a word did not decrease reading accuracy but did result in significantly longer reading times. Exp. 3 explored the effect of word spacing in Chinese sentences on reading performance. Analysis showed that word spacing did not affect reading accuracy, but half character and whole-character spacing significantly reduced reading time. The results of the present study suggest that word spacing in Chinese text layout enhances reading performance. Word spacing may help the reader to segment more quickly a string of characters into words and reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation. Also, ambiguity of sentence structure severely degraded reading accuracy. The implications of the results for word spacing design in Chinese text are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
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26
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Lin SC, Chung TC, Ueng TH, Lin YH, Hsu SH, Chiang CL, Lin CC. The hepatoprotective effects of Solanum alatum Moench. on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Am J Chin Med 2000; 28:105-14. [PMID: 10794122 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x00000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Solanum alatum Moench. has been shown to have a protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Solanum alatum treatment (100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; GOT) induced by acetaminophen (paracetamol) (600 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. It also decreased the extent of visible necrosis in liver tissue. In addition, Solanum alatum treatment restored hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Microsomal enzyme levels such as P-450, reductase, and aniline hydroxylation enzyme were also restored to normal levels after Solanum alatum administration. The hepatoprotective mechanism may function through direct binding with acetaminophen toxic metabolites, decreasing the attraction of acetaminophen metabolites for other cellular GSH or thiol protein. Additionally, Solanum alatum treatment increased the concentration of hepatic GSH and maintained a high level activity of GSTase, which led to acceleration of the excretion of toxic acetaminophen metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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27
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Cheng YL, Yu CP, Hsu SH, Lee SC. Hemangiopericytoma of the pleura causing massive hemothorax. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:428-30. [PMID: 10870335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemangiopericytoma is an unusual soft tissue tumor. A 54-year-old man presented with sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea for 1 day. The initial chest x-ray showed a massive left pleural effusion. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a homogenously enhanced mass in the intrathoracic extrapulmonary space. A tube thoracostomy was performed and hemothorax was confirmed. A posterolateral thoracotomy was performed and a tumor in the parietal pleura of the left chest wall was resected. Grossly, the resected tumor arose from the parietal pleura, and the cut surface was elastic, soft, and pale yellow. There were several cystic formations and hemorrhages. Based on histologic findings, hemangiopericytoma with lower grade malignancy was diagnosed. The patient was alive and free from tumor recurrence 1 year after surgery. Intrathoracic extrapulmonary hemangiopericytoma is extremely rare, and surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is indicated because of the high risk of recurrence and potential malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of designing space between words in Chinese text, i.e., whether using a "word" instead of a "character" as a presentation unit, will facilitate the performance of reading from a video display terminal. Experimental results indicated that the main effect of word spacing significantly affected the reading time and the number of questions answered correctly. Subjects spent less time on the text with half-character word spacing or with whole-character word spacing than with conventional type (without word spacing). We also discovered that the number of questions answered correctly for stimuli with half-character spacing is significantly greater than that for stimuli with whole-character spacing, while both are smaller than for stimuli with conventional type. The additional variables, such as text difficulty and display control have significant effects as well. Our results suggested that the optimal word spacing in Chinese text should be greater than that in the traditional layout and less than a whole-character spacing. Apparently, in Chinese text, using a "word" as a presentation unit is more favorable than the traditional layouts that do not have any explicit word boundaries. The word spacing design may benefit in reading difficult or unfamiliar materials and further apply in emergency situations or in reading ambiguous sentences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
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29
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Abstract
Lactide-grafted polyurethanes were prepared by exposing the polyurethane films to argon plasma discharge, followed by grafting L-lactide onto the plasma-treated surface. The modified surfaces were characterized by measuring the static contact angle and by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The water contact angle of polyurethanes was decreased by L-lactide grafting, indicating hydrophilicity of the modified surface. Grafting also increased the O/C atomic ratio and C(C=O)/Ctotal percentage on the surfaces as detected by ESCA. The grafted surfaces showed enhanced attachment and growth in both 3T3 fibroblast and human umbilical vein endothelial cell culture tests. Platelet adhesion to the modified surfaces was also reduced in vitro. L-Lactide monomers grafted onto polyurethane substrates could therefore be useful in facilitating endothelial cell seeding process in small vascular graft applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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30
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Hsu SH, Tseng HJ, Fang ZK. Polyurethane blended with polylactides for improved cell adhesion and reduced platelet activation. Artif Organs 1999; 23:958-61. [PMID: 10610681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) or 50:50 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was blended with a commercial polyurethane (PU), Pellethane 2103-80A, using a mutual solvent technique. After preparation by salt casting, the mechanical properties of the porous matrices were measured, and the surface element was characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The attachment and growth of fibroblasts as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells on the substrates were investigated by the cell culture test. Platelet activation on different substrates was also studied. It was found that blending with these biodegradable polymers, especially PLGA. enhanced the cellular attachment and growth. This enhancement may be correlated with the higher oxygen/carbon (0/C) atomic ratio on the surface of the blends. Blending with either PLLA or PLGA was also found to decrease platelet adhesion and activation in vitro. These characteristics make PU/polylactide blends potential substrates for cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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31
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Lin SC, Chung CY, Chiang CL, Hsu SH. The influence of propolis ethanol extract on liver microsomal enzymes and glutathione after chronic alcohol administration. Am J Chin Med 1999; 27:83-93. [PMID: 10354820 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x99000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis designates a series of gums, resins and balms of viscous consistency, which are gathered by honeybees from certain parts, mainly the buds and barks of plants, especially those found on coniferous trees. Bees bring propolis back to the hive, where it is modified and mixed with other substances including the bees' own wax and salivary secretions. In this study, the influences of propolis ethanol extract on chronic alcohol induced liver microsomal enzyme changes were investigated. Three grams of alcohol was added to rats' daily diet for four weeks to induce chronic alcohol liver injuries, and two different doses of propolis ethanol extract were p.o. administrated three times per day on the 28th, 29th, and 30th day. During the period of propolis administration, the ethanol diet was continued. After sacrifice, the rat livers were excised for assay of microsomal enzymes activity, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione-S-transferase (GSTase) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSase) activity. It was found that 30 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract significantly prevented the elevations of total cytochrome P-450 enzymes, NADPH-dependent cytochrome C reductase, aniline hydroxylation, 7-ethoxyresorufin hydroxylation (7-ERH), 7-penthoxyresorufin hydroxylation (7-PRH), and lipid peroxidation induced by chronic ethanol administration. Additionally, propolis ethanol extract (100 mg/kg) also induced GSTase and gamma-GCSase activities and decreased glutathione levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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32
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Tsai KS, Hsu SH, Yang RS, Cheng WC, Chieng PU. The effectiveness of cyclic and continuous oral clodronate therapy on bone density and markers in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1999; 64:384-8. [PMID: 10203414 DOI: 10.1007/pl00005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have been used effectively to treat established osteoporosis and prevent postmenopausal bone loss. However, the optimal manner of its administration-whether cyclic or continuous-has not been well established. This study investigated the efficacy of cyclic and continuous oral administration of clodronate in 54 newly identified osteopenic postmenopausal women in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion. The participants were randomly separated into two groups. The cyclic group (n = 29) received 800 mg twice daily of oral clodronate for 2 weeks every 3 months for the first 12 months followed by placebo for the second 12 months. The continuous group (n = 25) received placebo in the first 12 months and ingested 400 mg of clodronate once daily for the second 12 months. The urinary amino-terminal (NTXtrade mark) and carboxy-terminal (CrossLapstrade mark) cross-linked fragments of type I collagen, both markers of bone resorption, showed a marked decrease (25-50%) with both regimens during the period of active treatment. In the cyclic group, the levels of these two markers increased in the second 12 months with placebo, but did not return to the baseline completely. However, bone mineral density (BMD), determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), showed no significant change of BMD at various sites after 1 year of active treatment in both groups. Thoracic and lumbar spine X-ray showed no new vertebral fracture in either group after 2 years of treatment. With the two treatment protocols in this study, oral clodronate was effective in decreasing postmenopausal bone resorption, causing no significant changes in BMD at various sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, #7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10016, Taiwan, Republic of China
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33
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Tsai KS, Jang MH, Hsu SH, Cheng WC, Chang MH. Bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type-I procollagen in healthy Chinese girls and boys. Clin Chem 1999; 45:136-8. [PMID: 9895353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China.
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34
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Kmieciak D, Bednarek I, Takiguchi M, Wasik TJ, Bratosiewicz J, Wierzbicki A, Teppler H, Pientka J, Hsu SH, Kaneko Y, Kozbor D. The effect of epitope variation on the profile of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to the HIV envelope glycoprotein. Int Immunol 1998; 10:1789-99. [PMID: 9885899 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/10.12.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the relationship between viral and host factors during HIV infection, we analyzed the effect of viral mutations on T cell responses in seropositive, asymptomatic HLA-A2+ individuals using four envelope (env)-specific peptides with the HLA-A*0201 binding motif. We showed that the natural sequence variation was frequent within epitopes located in the C-terminal region of the env glycoprotein and was largely responsible for a lower env-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in the peptide-stimulated cultures. The highest CTL responses in vitro were induced with conserved epitopes D1 and 4.3 that mapped to the N-terminal region of the env glycoprotein. These peptides exhibited high binding affinity for HLA-A*0201 molecules and stimulated CD8+ T cells of relatively limited TCR Vbeta chain repertoire. Decreased CTL activities to the D1 epitope were observed in the absence of any detectable viral mutation, and were associated with lower proliferative responses and expression of the CD28 antigen. Results of this study demonstrate that the degree of sequence variation within a stimulatory epitope of the viral quasispecies, as well as proliferative potential of the effector cells, are among the factors underlying decreased CTL activity in HIV-infected patients. These experiments also provide evidence that the D1 peptide might be useful for the development of vaccines and immune-based therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD28 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Genetic Variation
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Prospective Studies
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kmieciak
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neurology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Abstract
In this model study, we simulated the initial airway reopening event in a rigid tube model. The air-liquid interface during airway reopening was assumed to be a simple axisymmetric meniscus similar to that of a two-phase flow in a rigid tube (radius R), where the applied pressures and the meniscus velocities were measured experimentally for fluids of different viscosities and surface tensions (gamma). Bulk flow contribution was deducted from the applied pressure to obtain the pressure accounting for interfacial movement (P*(int)). A semi-empirical formula for the interface was generated by dimensional analysis. The dimensionless interfacial pressure (P(int) = P*(int),R/gamma) was found to approach 2 for sufficiently small velocities, consistent with Bretherton's theoretical prediction. This formula also resembles that previously obtained in collapsible tubes simulating airways. The result suggests that the critical pressures required to reopen a collapsible airway and a non-collapsible one with the same radius are similar in magnitude (approximately 2 - 3gamma/R). However, in a collapsible airway, no significant bulk flow of lining fluids would develop while the interface proceeds, leading to a much smaller overall pressure for further reopening. Airway wall collapsibility thus could play a crucial role in maintaining proper ventilation through rapid reopening of the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineerng, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, PR China.
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36
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Kmieciak D, Wasik TJ, Teppler H, Pientka J, Hsu SH, Takahashi H, Okumura K, Kaneko Y, Kozbor D. The effect of deletion of the V3 loop of gp120 on cytotoxic T cell responses and HIV gp120-mediated pathogenesis. J Immunol 1998; 160:5676-83. [PMID: 9605175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New strategies for improving the efficacy of HIV vaccines are of significant importance. In this study, we analyzed the effect of deletion of the hypervariable V3 loop of gp120 on envelope (env)-specific CTL responses in PBMC of HIV-infected individuals. We showed increased CTL activities against conserved epitopes of the env glycoprotein in cultures induced with the AV3 mutant compared with those stimulated with the full-length env gene products. In contrast to the wild-type env, the AV3 mutant-expressing cells were resistant to Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, formed no syncytia, and neither underwent nor induced apoptosis in CD4+ cells. Thus, the AV3 mutant may redirect immune responses toward conserved epitopes of gp160, has longer expression time due to increased resistance to Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and does not trigger cytopathic effects associated with apoptosis and syncytium formation. This approach may apply to other Ags of HIV, where deletions of highly variable or immunosuppressive epitopes may improve the efficacy of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kmieciak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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37
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Gan KH, Fann YF, Hsu SH, Kuo KW, Lin CN. Mediation of the cytotoxicity of lanostanoids and steroids of Ganoderma tsugae through apoptosis and cell cycle. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:485-487. [PMID: 9584403 DOI: 10.1021/np9704664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new lanostanoid ester glucoside, 3 alpha-acetoxy-5 alpha-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid ester beta-d-glucoside (1), and a known steroid, 2 beta,3 alpha,9 alpha-trihydroxy-5 alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene (2), were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma tsugae and their structures determined by spectroscopic methods. To study the cytotoxicity of 1 and 2, the changes of DNA content in human hepatocytes (Hep 3B) were studied. A sub-G1 cell stage was drastically increased after 24-h incubation with 1 (24 micrograms/mL). Compound 2 (100 micrograms/mL) inhibited the cell cycle progression of Hep 3B cells at the G2/M phase with an IC50 value of about 87.1 micrograms/mL. These results indicate that 1 causes cell death by apoptosis and 2 may possess the activity of cell cycle inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- American Red Cross, Blood Services, HLA/Molecular Genetics Department, Penn-Jersey Region, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19123-3594, USA
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39
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Lin SC, Lin YH, Chen CF, Chung CY, Hsu SH. The hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of propolis ethanol extract on chronic alcohol-induced liver injuries. Am J Chin Med 1997; 25:325-32. [PMID: 9358906 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x97000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Propolis designates a mixture of gums, resins and balms, of viscous consistency, which are gathered on certain parts (buds and bark, mainly) of vegetables (especially coniferous trees) by honeybees. They bring this back to the hive, where it is modified and mixed with other substances (essentially their own wax and salivary secretions). In this study, the hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of propolis ethanol extract on chronic alcohol-induced liver injuries were investigated in rats. 3.125 ml of 99.5% alcohol was added to animal's daily diet for four weeks to induce chronic alcohol liver injuries. After sacrifice, serum transaminases (GOT, GPT), triacylglyceride and hepatic triacylglyceride (HTG) concentration were assayed to observe liver injuries induced by chronic alcohol abuse. In addition, the phenomenon of alcohol induced fatty liver were also observed by histopathological changes. Different doses of propolis ethanol extract were p.o. administered three times per day for three days, after four weeks' alcohol administration. It was found that 10 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract significantly decreased the elevations of serum GOT, GPT, TG and HTG. In histopathological examination, 30 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract also remarkably decreased the hepatocellular fatty degeneration, apparent as vacuolization, induced by chronic alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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40
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Hsu SH, Mumme SP. Water Resource Protection in Taiwan: An Evaluation of the Taipei Water Management Commission. Environ Manage 1997; 21:841-850. [PMID: 9336483 DOI: 10.1007/s002679900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
/ This study evaluates the institutional capacity and performance of the Taipei Water Management Commission. The commission, which manages the Taipei Water Special Area-one of 95 such areas in Taiwan and the only one managed by a supervisory agency-has established a record of water conservation that suggests its utility as a model for managing other protected water resources areas in Taiwan. However, its present institutional structure limits its ability deliver on its mandate. The study identifies a number of problems related to the commission's current institutional structure that need to be addressed if the commission is to serve as a viable model for managing other protected water resource areas in Taiwan.KEY WORDS: Water resources management; Commissions; Institutional capacity; Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Hsu
- Transworld Junior College of Commerce No. 88 Yen-shan Rd. Tou-Liu, Taiwan
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41
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in remote pointing movements. The subjects were recruited from three age groups (ages 18-22 yr., 40-50 yr., and 60-70 yr., with 9 men and 9 women in each group). They were required to perform cursor-positioning tasks using a remote pointing device, in which the dependent measures were the time taken to reposition the cursor and the accuracy of subjects' movement trajectories. The movement time was further separated into two components, First Submovement duration and Adjustment Submovement duration. Analysis indicated that age groups showed reduced performance on remote pointing. Moreover, remote positioning movement for the young-adult group was mostly completed in their First Submovement phase, while the elderly subjects spent most of their movement time on the Adjustment Submovement phase. These results support the proposition that different age groups exhibit different kinds of movement patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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42
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Stevens JC, White RB, Hsu SH, Martinet M. Human liver CYP2B6-catalyzed hydroxylation of RP 73401. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282:1389-95. [PMID: 9316851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RP 73401 is a potent inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type IV. RP 73401 is metabolized by human liver microsomes almost exclusively by transhydroxylation of the cyclopentyl group to RPR 113406. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis of plasma from patients given RP 73401 also revealed a molecular ion and fragmentation consistent with RPR 113406. Thus, the objective was to determine the oxidative enzyme(s) responsible for RP 73401 hydroxylation. Kinetic constants of RP 113406 formation ranged from 8 to 26 MM and 0.83 to 5.99 nmol/min/mg protein for K(m) and V(max), respectively (n = 3). Enzyme activity varied 23-fold among 15 human liver microsome samples and correlated with CYP2A6-catalyzed coumarin hydroxylase (r2 = 0.85, P < .01) and CYP2B6-catalyzed 7-ethoxytrifluoromethylcoumarin O-deethylase (r2 = 0.82, P < .01) activities. Chemical inhibition studies showed a 63% decrease in RP 73401 hydroxylation by 500 microM orphenadrine. Coumarin (10 microM), however, did not inhibit RP 73401 hydroxylation. Also, anti-CYP2B1 IgG produced 85% inhibition of RP 73401 hydroxylation, but only a negligible decline in coumarin hydroxylase activity. Of the 10 expressed P450 forms studied, only CYP2B6 catalyzed RP 73401 hydroxylation. Finally, expressed CYP2B6 showed a high affinity (K(m) = 22.5 microM) for RP 73401 hydroxylation, similar to the human liver microsome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Stevens
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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43
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Hsu SH, Lu CL, Chan CY, Lin SH, Chang FY, Lee SD. The effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with severe obstructive jaundice after drainage procedure. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1997; 60:142-6. [PMID: 9419950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for patients with severe obstructive jaundice after drainage procedure. METHODS From September 1993 to December 1994, patients admitted with severe obstructive jaundice (serum bilirubin > 15 mg/dl) and successful drainage were enrolled into our study. They were randomly divided into two groups to receive UDCA 600 mg per day (UDCA group) or a placebo (placebo group) until operation or discharge. Bile drainage amount, clinical symptoms and signs and adverse effects of drugs were recorded daily. Biochemical tests, including albumin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and prothrombin time, were checked first, on the third and seventh days, and then two weeks after drainage. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (M/F = 36/ 2, mean age 66.6 +/- 6.4 years) completed the study, 18 in the UDCA group and 20 in the placebo group. There were no differences in age, sex, causes of obstructive jaundice or methods of drainage procedure between the UDCA and placebo groups. Improvement in biochemical test results were noted in both groups. However, bile drainage amount and changes in liver biochemical test, especially the decrement of serum bilirubin, were not significantly different between both groups. CONCLUSIONS UDCA seemed not to benefit patients with severe obstructive jaundice after successful drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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44
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Tai PC, Banik D, Lin GI, Pai S, Pai K, Lin MH, Yuoh G, Che S, Hsu SH, Chen TC, Kuo TT, Lee CS, Yang CS, Shih C. Novel and frequent mutations of hepatitis B virus coincide with a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted T-cell epitope of the surface antigen. J Virol 1997; 71:4852-6. [PMID: 9151885 PMCID: PMC191713 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.6.4852-4856.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope (surface antigen or HBV small surface antigen [HBsAg]) sequences of 12 different liver samples from 10 different hepatoma-containing chronic carriers. Surprisingly, novel and frequent mutations occurred predominantly at amino acids 40 and 47 of HBsAg, in addition to within a known protective B-cell epitope (so-called group a determinant of HBsAg 124-148). Approximately 58% of chronic carriers contain mutations at the group a determinant. The mutation frequency at the hotspot codons 40 and 47 is approximately 83%, 1 order of magnitude higher than at the known polymorphic sites of subtype-specific determinants at codons 122 and 160, which is approximately 4%. This new mutational domain is found to coincide with a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted T-cell epitope. The potential biological significance of this novel mutation in the immunopathogenesis of HBV chronic carriers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Tai
- Department of Pathology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA
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45
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Abstract
This study was performed to survey the vitamin D nutritional status of urban Chinese women, and to define its role in determining bone metabolic rate and bone mineral density (BMD). We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), the major storage form of vitamin D, and BMD, at the spine, hip, and total body skeleton, of 262 healthy Chinese women aged from 40 to 72 years, residing in Taipei city. Bone turnover markers, including serum osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme, and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and a urinary bone resorption marker, N-terminal crosslinked fragment of type I collagen, were also measured. We found generally adequate vitamin D nutritional stores. The mean concentration of serum 25-OHD was 30.7 (SD = 8.2) ng/mL for all 262 subjects and there were no significant age-related changes. Those who had serum sampled during the summer showed higher serum 25-OHD levels (N = 138; mean +/- SD: 32.7 +/- 7.6 ng/mL) than those who had serum sampled during winter (N = 124; mean +/- SD: 28.5 +/- 8.3 ng/mL; Student's t-test, p < 0.001), but these two groups showed similar BMD and bone marker values. Those with serum 25-OHD concentration in the lowest or highest tertile did not show different BMD or bone marker values than those in the other tertiles. Multiple regression demonstrated no correlation between 25-OHD and any bone marker or BMD at any site. Thus, in this free-living urban Chinese population, in a subtropical region, we could not demonstrate a role of vitamin D stores in determining bone turnover rate or BMD in women aged 40-70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
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46
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Hsu SH, Tsai KS. Different age-related trends of bone and nonbone forms of alkaline phosphatase in Chinese men and women. Clin Chem 1997; 43:186-8. [PMID: 8990247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Graduate Inst. of Med. Technol., College of Med., Natl. Taiwan Univ., Taipei
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Hsu SH, Tsai TR, Lin CN, Yen MH, Kuo KW. Solamargine purified from Solanum incanum Chinese herb triggers gene expression of human TNFR I which may lead to cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 229:1-5. [PMID: 8954074 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Solamargine possessed a potent cytotoxicity to human hepatocyte (Hep3B) and normal skin fibroblast. The inhibition curves of solamargine to the both cells were essentially overlapped, suggesting a parallel effect for the cell death. To define mechanism of cytotoxicity of solamargine, the changes of morphology and DNA content in cells were studied. A sub-G1 cell stage was drastically increased after 3-h incubation with solamargine. The results evidence that solamargine arises cell death by apoptosis. In addition, the gene expression of TNFR I were up-regulated within 30 min of solamargine treatment. Since TNF Receptor I has been involved in apoptosis, the overexpression of TNF receptor I may be related with the mechanism of cytotoxicity of solamargine. This communication is the first report that a component of Chinese herbs triggers gene expression of human TNFR I which may lead to cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan
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48
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Abstract
We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar (L2-L4) vertebrae and proximal femurs of 385 healthy Chinese women aged 40-70 years and 156 healthy Chinese men aged 20-85, and four markers-bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme (BAP), procollagen-I C terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin (BGP) in serum, and a bone resorption marker, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), of these subjects. The results indicate that in postmenopausal women, levels of all the markers increased with age. In men, serum BAP, PICP, and urinary NTX decreased significantly, and serum BGP decreased with borderline significance (P = 0.08). With increasing age, bone density decreased at both sites in postmenopausal women and at the proximal femur in men. The lumbar bone density showed no significant age-related changes in men. In premenopausal women, BMD at either site showed no significant change with increasing age. Despite the different trends between men and women of age-related changes in BMD and bone markers, bone density of both proximal femur and spine in both sexes correlated inversely with levels of the bone markers in a manner independent of age or body weight. The meaning of opposite age effects on bone markers in men and women needs further investigation. In addition, higher bone marker levels, implying faster bone turnover rate, are associated with lower BMD in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital. #7, Chung-Shan South Road, 100 Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Whether vitamin D receptor gene (VDRG) polymorphism can be used as a predictor for bone turnover rate or bone mass remains controversial. Its role within various ethnic populations are also unsettled. We examined VDRG polymorphism using restrictive enzymes Bsm-I, Apa-I, and Taq-I in 155 men aged 22-88 and 113 premenopausal women aged 40-53. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebrae (L2-4), proximal femur, and total body bone mineral content (tb-BMC) (women only), as well as urinary N-terminal crosslinked fragment of type I collagen (NTX), serum osteocalcin, bone isozyme of alkaline phosphatase, and caboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen levels were measured. Chinese men and women exhibited a low prevalence for B (absence of Bsm-I restriction site) phenotypes than white and Japanese. Within the tested samples there were 0.4% BB homozygotes, 6.7% Bb heterozygotes, and 93% bb homozygotes. The distributions of Apa-I polymorphism (9.0% AA, 42.5% Aa, and 48.5% aa) also differed from those reported for the white populations. Most of the Chinese men and women were TT homozygous (96.6%). A comparison of actual values and values adjusted for age and weight of tb-BMC and BMD at the lumbar spine, Trochanter, Ward's triangle, and femoral neck showed no significant difference among three subgroups in each of the three sets of polymorphism. Furthermore, the actual values and adjusted values (adjusted for age) of the four bone markers, respectively, showed no significant differences. We conclude that given the very low prevalence of the suspected high risk genotypes (B, A, and t), and the lack of difference among the polymorphic subgroups, VDRG polymorphism may not be an important determinant of the bone turnover rate and bone mass of Chinese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsu SH, Strohl KP, Haxhiu MA, Jamieson AM. Role of viscoelasticity in the tube model of airway reopening. II. Non-Newtonian gels and airway simulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996; 80:1649-59. [PMID: 8727551 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.5.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of viscoelastic gels as lining fluids on the pressure-velocity relationships in an airway tube model (Gaver et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 74-85, 1990) was examined. A flow instability was observed due to the occurrence of a sol-gel transition in the viscoelastic properties under flow conditions. We further report measurements of the viscoelastic properties of airway secretions. Airway secretions are gels under small strains and have a yield stress of 4-7 dyn/cm2. Secretions from the pharyngeal airway show lower elasticity than secretions from the trachea. The airway reopening process is simulated using a Weibel lung geometry by incorporating the constitutive equations from the model gel studies and utilizing the rheological data on airway secretions. In these simulations, a "popping-open" phenomenon arises from a flow instability in airway generations 8-14 when the rheological properties of the lining fluids are assumed to be similar to those of pharyngeal secretions. On the basis of these studies, the elasticity of airway secretions plays an important role in airway reopening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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