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Scelo G, Tran TN, Le TT, Faregås M, Dorscheid D, Busby J, Al-Ahmad M, Al-Lehebi R, Altraja A, Beastall A, Bergeron C, Bjermer L, Bjerrum AS, Cano-Rosales DJ, Canonica GW, Carter V, Charriot J, Christoff GC, Cosio BG, Denton E, Fernandez-Sanchez MJ, Fonseca JA, Gibson PG, Goh C, Heaney LG, Heffler E, Hew M, Iwanaga T, Katial R, Koh MS, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lehtimäki L, Mahboub B, Martin N, Matsumoto H, Menzies-Gow AN, Papadopoulos NG, Patel P, Perez-De-Llano L, Peters M, Pfeffer PE, Popov TA, Porsbjerg CM, Rhee CK, Sadatsafavi M, Taillé C, Torres-Duque CA, Tsai MJ, Ulrik CS, Upham JW, von Bülow A, Wang E, Wechsler ME, Price DB. Exploring definitions and predictors of response to biologics for severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2024:S2213-2198(24)00530-0. [PMID: 38768896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic effectiveness is often assessed as 'response', a term which eludes consistent definition. Identifying those most likely to respond in real-life has proven challenging. OBJECTIVE To explore definitions of biologic responders in adults with severe asthma and investigate patient characteristics associated with biologic response. METHODS This was a longitudinal cohort study using data from 21 countries, which shared data with the International Severe Asthma Registry. Changes in 4 asthma outcome domains were assessed in the 1-year period pre- and post-biologic-initiation in patients with predefined level of pre-biologic impairment. Responder cut-offs were: ≥50% reduction in exacerbation rate, ≥50% reduction in long-term oral corticosteroid [LTOCS] daily dose, ≥1 category improvement in asthma control, and ≥100mL improvement in FEV1. Responders were defined using single- and multiple-domains. The association between pre-biologic characteristics and post-biologic-initiation response were examined by multivariable analysis. RESULTS 2,210 patients were included. Responder rate ranged from 80.7% (n=566/701) for exacerbation-response to 10.6% (n=9/85) for 4-domain-response. Many responders still exhibited significant impairment post-biologic-initiation: 46.7% (n=206/441) of asthma control-responders with uncontrolled asthma pre-biologic still had incompletely-controlled disease post-biologic-initiation. Predictors of response were outcome-dependent. Lung function-responders were more likely to have higher pre-biologic FeNO (OR:1.20 for every 25ppb increase), and shorter asthma duration (OR:0.81, for every 10-year increase in duration). Higher BEC and presence of T2-related comorbidities were positively associated with higher odds of meeting LTOCS-, control- and lung function-responder criteria. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the multi-modal nature of 'response', show that many responders experience residual symptoms post-biologic-initiation, and that predictors of response vary according to outcome assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Scelo
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, (Singapore); Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge (UK)
| | - Trung N Tran
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Gaithersburg, MD (USA)
| | - Tham T Le
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Gaithersburg, MD (USA)
| | - Malin Faregås
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Gothenburg (Sweden); BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Gaithersburg, MD (USA)
| | - Delbert Dorscheid
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, (Canada)
| | - John Busby
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University - Belfast (UK)
| | - Mona Al-Ahmad
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University; Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health - Kuwait (Kuwait)
| | - Riyad Al-Lehebi
- Department of Pulmonology, King Fahad Medical City; Alfaisal University - Riyadh (Saudi Arabia); College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu and Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, (Estonia)
| | | | - Celine Bergeron
- Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Canada)
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, (Sweden)
| | - Anne S Bjerrum
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, (Denmark)
| | | | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Italy); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan (Italy)
| | - Victoria Carter
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, (Singapore); Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge (UK)
| | - Jeremy Charriot
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, (France)
| | | | - Borja G Cosio
- Son Espases University Hospital-IdISBa-Ciberes, Mallorca (Spain)
| | - Eve Denton
- Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, (Australia); Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, (Australia)
| | - Maria Jose Fernandez-Sanchez
- Pulmonary Unit, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, (Colombia); Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota (Colombia)
| | - João A Fonseca
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto - Porto (Portugal)
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Australian Severe Asthma Network, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital - Newcastle (Australia)
| | - Celine Goh
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, (Singapore); Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge (UK)
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University - Belfast (UK)
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Italy); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan (Italy)
| | - Mark Hew
- Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Health; Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University - Melbourne (Australia)
| | | | - Rohit Katial
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, (USA)
| | - Mariko S Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital - Singapore (Singapore)
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz - Lodz (Poland)
| | | | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, (Finland); Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, (Finland)
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Rashid hospital, Dubai Health Authority (DHA) - Dubai (Utd.Arab Emir.)
| | - Neil Martin
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Cambridge (UK)
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, (Japan)
| | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, (UK); Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Greece)
| | - Pujan Patel
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, (UK)
| | - Luis Perez-De-Llano
- Pneumology Service. Lucus Augusti University Hospital. EOXI Lugo, Monforte, Cervo (Spain)
| | - Matthew Peters
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Paul E Pfeffer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London (UK)
| | - Todor A Popov
- University Hospital Sv. Ivan Rilski, Sofia (Bulgaria)
| | - Celeste M Porsbjerg
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infections Diseases, Research Unit - Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Chin K Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea - Seoul (South Korea)
| | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia - Vancouver (Canada)
| | - Camille Taillé
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP Nord-Université Paris Cité, Paris, (France)
| | - Carlos A Torres-Duque
- CINEUMO, Respiratory Research Center, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana - Bogotá (Colombia)
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, (Taiwan); Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, (Taiwan)
| | - Charlotte S Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, (Denmark)
| | - John W Upham
- Frazer Institute & PA-Southside Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, (Australia)
| | - Anna von Bülow
- Respiratory Research Unit - Hvidovre, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg hospital, Copenhagen, (Denmark)
| | - Eileen Wang
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine - Denver and Aurora (USA)
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (USA)
| | - David B Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, (Singapore); Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge (UK); Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen (UK).
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Perez-de-Llano L, Scelo G, Tran TN, Le TT, Fagerås M, Cosio BG, Peters M, Pfeffer PE, Al-Ahmad M, Al-Lehebi RO, Altraja A, Bergeron C, Bjermer LH, Bjerrum AS, Bulathsinhala L, Busby J, Cano Rosales DJ, Canonica GW, Carter VA, Charriot J, Christoff GC, Denton EJ, Dorscheid DR, Fernandez Sanchez MJ, Fonseca JA, Gibson PG, Goh CYY, Heaney LG, Heffler E, Hew M, Iwanaga T, Katial R, Koh MS, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann DES, Lehtimäki L, Mahboub B, Martin N, Matsumoto H, Menzies-Gow AN, Papadopoulos NG, Popov TA, Porsbjerg CM, Patel P, Rhee CK, Sadatsafavi M, Taillé C, Torres-Duque CA, Tsai MJ, Ulrik CS, Upham JW, von Bülow A, Wang E, Wechsler ME, Price DB. Exploring Definitions and Predictors of Severe Asthma Clinical Remission Post-Biologic in Adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38701495 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202311-2192oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE There is no consensus on criteria to include in an asthma remission definition in real-life. Factors associated with achieving remission post-biologic-initiation remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To quantify the proportion of adults with severe asthma achieving multi-domain-defined remission post-biologic-initiation and identify pre-biologic characteristics associated with achieving remission which may be used to predict it. METHODS This was a longitudinal cohort study using data from 23 countries from the International Severe Asthma Registry. Four asthma outcome domains were assessed in the 1-year pre- and post-biologic-initiation. A priori-defined remission cut-offs were: 0 exacerbations/year, no long-term oral corticosteroid (LTOCS), partly/well-controlled asthma, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second ≥80%. Remission was defined using 2 (exacerbations + LTOCS), 3 (+control or +lung function) and 4 of these domains. The association between pre-biologic characteristics and post-biologic remission was assessed by multivariable analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS 50.2%, 33.5%, 25.8% and 20.3% of patients met criteria for 2, 3 (+control), 3 (+lung function) and 4-domain-remission, respectively. The odds of achieving 4-domain remission decreased by 15% for every additional 10-years asthma duration (odds ratio: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.00). The odds of remission increased in those with fewer exacerbations/year, lower LTOCS daily dose, better control and better lung function pre-biologic-initiation. CONCLUSIONS One in 5 patients achieved 4-domain remission within 1-year of biologic-initiation. Patients with less severe impairment and shorter asthma duration at initiation had a greater chance of achieving remission post-biologic, indicating that biologic treatment should not be delayed if remission is the goal. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Optimum Patient Care Global, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Trung N Tran
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Tham T Le
- AstraZeneca R&D Gaithersburg, 468090, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Borja G Cosio
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 375118, IdISBa and Respiratory Medicine, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew Peters
- Concord Hospital, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul E Pfeffer
- Queen Mary University of London, 4617, William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mona Al-Ahmad
- Kuwait University, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait , Kuwait
| | - Riyad O Al-Lehebi
- King Fahad Medical City, 37849, Department of Pulmonology,, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alfaisal University, 101686, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan Altraja
- University of Tartu and Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Celine Bergeron
- Vancouver General Hospital, 8167, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The University of British Columbia, 8166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leif H Bjermer
- Skåne University Hospital Labmedicin Skane, 405121, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Anne S Bjerrum
- Aarhus Universitetshospital, 11297, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lakmini Bulathsinhala
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd, 614173, Singapore, Singapore
- Optimum Patient Care UK, 601419, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - John Busby
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Giorgio W Canonica
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 9268, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Rozzano, Lombardia, Italy
- Humanitas University, 437807, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Victoria A Carter
- Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Charriot
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Maria J Fernandez Sanchez
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, 173049, Pulmonary Unit, Bogota, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 27964, Faculty of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia
| | - João A Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal
- CUF Porto, Allergy Department, Senhora da Hora, Portugal
| | - Peter G Gibson
- University of Newcastle, 5982, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celine Y Y Goh
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd, 614173, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Belfast City Hospital, Regional Respiratory Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Universita degli Studi di Catania, 9298, Clinical and Experimental Medicie, Catania, Italy
| | - Mark Hew
- Alfred Hospital, 5390, Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, 22457, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Kindai University Hospital, 326473, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rohit Katial
- AstraZeneca US, 33366, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Mariko S Koh
- Singapore General Hospital, 37581, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Medical University of Lodz, 37808, Division of Internal Medicine Asthma and Allergy, Lodz, Lodzkie, Poland
| | | | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- University of Tampere, 7840, Immunopharmacology reserach group, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | | | - Neil Martin
- AstraZeneca R&D Cambridge, 468087, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- University of Leicester, 4488, Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew N Menzies-Gow
- AstraZeneca UK Limited, 4978, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, 4964, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- University of Athens, Allergy Dpt, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens, Greece
- University of Manchester, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Todor A Popov
- Medical University Sofia, Clinic of Allergy & Asthma, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Celeste M Porsbjerg
- Bispebjerg Hospital, 53166, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Pujan Patel
- Royal Brompton Hospital, 156726, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Chin K Rhee
- Catholic university of Korea, Internal medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- University of British Columbia, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Camille Taillé
- Inserm, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of respiratory diseases. Epidemiology team, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris,, Paris, France
| | - Carlos A Torres-Duque
- Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Research Department, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, 27989, Chia, Colombia
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Charlotte S Ulrik
- Hvidovre Hospital, 53137, Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Denmark
| | - John W Upham
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna von Bülow
- Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eileen Wang
- National Jewish Health, 2930, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - David B Price
- University of Aberdeen, Academic Primary Care, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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Le TT, Emmanuel B, Katial R, Tran TN, Kwiatek JJ, Cohen DS, Daniel SR, Cao Y, Shih VH, Melcón MG, Devouassoux G, Pelaia G. Benralizumab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: The Real-World, Multi-Country RANS Observational Study. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:313-324. [PMID: 38595692 PMCID: PMC11003468 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s437190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Real-world evidence of benralizumab effectiveness on nasal polyps (NP) and asthma outcomes in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with NP are limited. The objective of this study was to assess NP and asthma outcomes in benralizumab-treated patients with SEA and comorbid NP in a real-world setting. Patients and Methods RANS was a retrospective, multi-country observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05180357) using medical chart reviews of adults with SEA and comorbid NP. Total NP Score (NPS), SinoNasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) total score, annualized exacerbation rate (AER), and 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores during the 12 months pre-index (baseline) and post-index (follow-up) were measured. Clinically meaningful improvement from baseline following treatment, in terms of total NPS (≥1-point reduction), SNOT-22 total (≥8.9-point reduction), ACQ-6 (≥0.5-point reduction) or ACT (≥3-point increase) scores, were reported. Results A total of 233 patients were included. Baseline mean (standard deviation [SD]) NPS and SNOT-22 total scores were 3.8 (2.4) and 47.5 (22.6), respectively. The mean change (95% confidence interval [CI]) from baseline was -1.2 (-1.7, -0.6) for NPS, and -19.8 (-23.6, -15.9) for SNOT-22. The AER (95% CI) was 1.2 (0.96, 1.41) at baseline and 0.2 (0.13, 0.28) at follow-up. Mean (SD) ACQ-6 and ACT scores were 1.6 (1.3) and 15.0 (5.2) at baseline and 0.8 (1.0) and 22.0 (3.9) at follow-up, respectively. The proportion of patients who achieved clinically meaningful improvements in NPS, SNOT-22 total, ACQ-6, and ACT scores was 49.1%, 67.6%, 56.6%, and 81.1%, respectively. Conclusion In this real-world study, improvements in NP and asthma outcomes in patients with SEA and comorbid NP were observed during the 12 months following benralizumab initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham T Le
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Rohit Katial
- Center for Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health & University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Trung N Tran
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - David S Cohen
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Yunhui Cao
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Vivian H Shih
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Maria Gil Melcón
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, and F-CRIN INSERM Network CRISALIS, Toulouse, France
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - On behalf of the RANS Study Investigators
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Center for Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health & University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
- Market Access Consulting, Fortrea Inc., Durham, NC, USA
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, and F-CRIN INSERM Network CRISALIS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Mathimani T, Le TT, Salmen SH, Ali Alharbi S, Jhanani GK. Process optimization of one-step direct transesterification and dual-step extraction-transesterification of the Chlorococcum-Nannochloropsis consortium for biodiesel production. Environ Res 2024; 240:117580. [PMID: 37925129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the efficacy of one-step direct transesterification (OSDT) and Dual-step extraction-transesterification (DSET) of Chlorococcum sp., Nannochloropsis sp., and their consortium was evaluated for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. Initially, the biomass yield and lipid content of the two strains and their consortium were estimated. Of the biomasses, the consortium showed a higher biomass yield of 1.41 g/L and lipid content of 30.2%, which is higher than the monocultures irrespective of the different biomass drying methods used. With regards to the FAME yield, OSDT and DSET have yielded almost similar quantities about 21 g/100g dried biomass. Of the different reaction conditions of OSDT tested, a higher FAME yield at 70-71% (based on lipid weight) was obtained at 75 °C reaction temperature, 3 h reaction time with a 2g sample size. Eventually, the fatty acid composition of consortium biomass revealed higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the vicinity of 46 and 25%, respectively. Based on the results, it is concluded that OSDT is a promising method due to its low energy consumption, cost-effective and time-saving attributes for quality biodiesel production from the Chlorococcum-Nannochloropsis consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Mathimani
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - T T Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G K Jhanani
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Bharathi D, Lee J, F Albeshr M, Fahad Alrefaei A, Le TT, Mathimani T. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by graphitic carbonitride-nickel (g-C 3N 4-Ni) nanocomposite. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140464. [PMID: 37852378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to synthesize g-C3N4-Ni nanocomposites composed of graphitic carbon nitride and magnetic nickel nanoparticles for benzopyrene degradation, which is one of the most potent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) molecules. The concocted g-C3N4-Ni nanocomposites contained confined nanospheres with a mean particle dimension of 22 nm. Batch adsorption studies revealed that a rise in adsorbent dosage elevates benzopyrene degradation percentage in both water and soil samples with respect to time. The increase in the benzopyrene concentration did not have much influence on the degradation efficiency, and hence, the minimal concentration of PAH molecule is essential for the effective adsorption by g-C3N4-Ni nanocomposites. The rise in pH tends to increase the degradation of Benzopyrene till 3 h of the incubation period, and beyond 3 h, the degradation percentage declines. With regard to the effect of light source, UV light has been shown to accelerate the degradation of benzopyrene by g-C3N4-Ni nanocomposites than sunlight. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm investigations have proven that the Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model were appropriate for our study. Thus, the g-C3N4-Ni nanocomposites were found to be efficient as a photocatalyst for the adsorption of benzopyrene from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Bharathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - T T Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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6
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Tran NT, Phan TNT, Pham TT, Le TT, Le HM, Nguyen DT, Lam AN, Pham TT, Le HT, Dang NB, Tran KC, Tran VD. Urban-rural disparities in acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among women in Can Tho, Vietnam. Ann Ig 2023; 35:641-659. [PMID: 37313797 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2023.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background In Vietnam, cervical cancer is a significant public health concern for women. Unfortunately, despite the availability of the HPV vaccine, low vaccination rates persist. Objectives This study investigates the discrepancy between urban and rural areas in the willingness to receive HPV vaccination with or without fees. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 648 women aged between 15 and 49, living in two urban and two rural Vietnamese districts of Can Tho, between May and December 2021. Results The overall vaccination rate was 4%, with urban women having a higher rate of 4.9% compared to rural women at 3.1%. Among unvaccinated women, those from rural areas expressed a significantly higher desire to receive the free vaccine (91.4%) than urban women (84.4%). However, the intention to vaccinate declined when rural women and urban women were advised to pay the cost (63.4% and 57.1%, respectively). A strong correlation was found between a positive attitude and intention for vaccination, irrespective of its price or free availability. Education and access to information about the HPV vaccine were also identified as the most significant factors influencing the intention to vaccination among urban and rural women. Conclusion The low HPV vaccination rates among women aged 15-49 living in both urban and rural regions of Vietnam are a notable public health concern. These outcomes emphasize the critical need for effective programs of vaccine laterization, as an introduction to the offer of affordable and accessible HPV vaccines for women in Can Tho, Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Tran
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T N T Phan
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T T Pham
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T T Le
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - H M Le
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - D T Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - A N Lam
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T T Pham
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - H T Le
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - N B Dang
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong Thap Medical College, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - K C Tran
- Science in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong Thap Medical College, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - V D Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
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7
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Le TT, Bjarnadóttir M, Qato DM, Magder L, Zafari Z, Simoni-Wastila L. Prediction of treatment nonadherence among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using Medicare real-world data. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2022; 28:631-644. [PMID: 35621722 PMCID: PMC10373023 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.6.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal maintenance medication (MM) adherence remains a clinical problem among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: To inform risk-based personalized decision-making, this study sought to develop and validate prediction models of nonadherence to COPD MMs for Medicare beneficiaries. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with COPD and inhaled MMs. Nonadherence (proportion of days covered < 0.8) was measured in 12 months following the first MM fill after COPD diagnosis. Logistic and least absolute shrinkage selector operator regressions were implemented, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) evaluated model accuracy, as well as positive predictive values and negative predictive values. Our models evaluated different sets of predictors for two cohorts: those with an MM prescription before COPD diagnosis (prevalent users) and those without (new users). RESULTS: Among 16,157 prevalent and 40,279 new users of MMs, 11,271 (69.8%) and 34,009 (84.4%), respectively, were nonadherent. The best-performing logistic models achieved AUROCs of 0.8714 and 0.881, positive predictive values of 0.881 and 0.881, and negative predictive values of 0.559 and 0.578, respectively, for prevalent and new users. The least absolute shrinkage selector operator models had similar accuracy. Models with baseline-only predictors had average performance (AUROC < 0.72). The most important predictors were initial MM adherence, short-acting bronchodilator use, and asthma. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first to develop predictive models of nonadherence to COPD MMs. Generated models achieved good discrimination and underlined the importance of early adherence. Well-performed models can be useful for care decision-making and interventions to improve COPD medication adherence after the first critical few months following a treatment episode. DISCLOSURES: All authors declared no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham T Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore
- Peter Lamy Center for Drug Therapeutic and Aging, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Margrét Bjarnadóttir
- Department of Decision, Operation, and Information Technologies, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Danya M Qato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore
- Peter Lamy Center for Drug Therapeutic and Aging, University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Larry Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Zafar Zafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore
| | - Linda Simoni-Wastila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore
- Peter Lamy Center for Drug Therapeutic and Aging, University of Maryland, Baltimore
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Ebruke BE, Deloria Knoll M, Haddix M, Zaman SMA, Prosperi C, Feikin DR, Hammitt LL, Levine OS, O’Brien KL, Murdoch DR, Brooks WA, Scott JAG, Kotloff KL, Madhi SA, Thea DM, Baillie VL, Chisti MJ, Dione M, Driscoll AJ, Fancourt N, Karron RA, Le TT, Mohamed S, Moore DP, Morpeth SC, Mwaba J, Mwansa J, Bin Shahid ASMS, Sow SO, Tapia MD, Antonio M, Howie SRC. The Etiology of Pneumonia From Analysis of Lung Aspirate and Pleural Fluid Samples: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e3788-e3796. [PMID: 32710751 PMCID: PMC8662778 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An improved understanding of childhood pneumonia etiology is required to inform prevention and treatment strategies. Lung aspiration is the gold standard specimen for pneumonia diagnostics. We report findings from analyses of lung and pleural aspirates collected in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study. METHODS The PERCH study enrolled children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia in 7 countries in Africa and Asia. Percutaneous transthoracic lung aspiration (LA) and pleural fluid (PF) aspiration was performed on a sample of pneumonia cases with radiological consolidation and/or PF in 4 countries. Venous blood and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected from all cases. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and routine microbiologic culture were applied to clinical specimens. RESULTS Of 44 LAs performed within 3 days of admission on 622 eligible cases, 13 (30%) had a pathogen identified by either culture (5/44) or by PCR (11/29). A pathogen was identified in 12/14 (86%) PF specimens tested by either culture (9/14) or PCR (9/11). Bacterial pathogens were identified more frequently than viruses. All but 1 of the cases with a virus identified were coinfected with bacterial pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae (9/44 [20%]) and Staphylococcus aureus (7/14 [50%]) were the predominant pathogens identified in LA and PF, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial pathogens predominated in this selected subgroup of PERCH participants drawn from those with radiological consolidation or PF, with S. pneumoniae and S. aureus the leading pathogens identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard E Ebruke
- Medical Research Council Unit, Basse, The Gambia
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria (IFAIN), Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maria Deloria Knoll
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Haddix
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed M A Zaman
- Medical Research Council Unit, Basse, The Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Prosperi
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel R Feikin
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Hammitt
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Orin S Levine
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine L O’Brien
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Murdoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Donald M Thea
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicky L Baillie
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- Dhaka Hospital, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Michel Dione
- Medical Research Council Unit, Basse, The Gambia
- International Livestock Research Institute, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amanda J Driscoll
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Fancourt
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - Ruth A Karron
- Department of International Health, Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tham T Le
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shebe Mohamed
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - David P Moore
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan C Morpeth
- Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Laboratory, Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Mwaba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- Zambia Center for Applied Health Research and Development, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - James Mwansa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Microbiology, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Antonio
- Medical Research Council Unit, Basse, The Gambia
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R C Howie
- Medical Research Council Unit, Basse, The Gambia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Simoni-Wastila L, Wallem A, Fleming SP, Le TT, Kepczynska P, Yang J, Qato DM. Staffing and Protective Equipment Access Mitigated COVID-19 Penetration and Spread in US Nursing Homes During the Third Surge. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:2504-2510. [PMID: 34678266 PMCID: PMC8492746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives During the last quarter of 2020—despite improved distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) and knowledge of COVID-19 management—nursing homes experienced the greatest increases in cases and deaths since the pandemic's beginning. We sought to update COVID-19 estimates of cases, hospitalization, and mortality and to evaluate the association of potentially modifiable facility-level infection control factors on odds and magnitude of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in nursing homes during the third surge of the pandemic. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting and Participants Facility-level data from 13,156 US nursing home facilities. Methods Two series of multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models to examine the association of infection control factors (personal protective equipment and staffing) on incidence and magnitude, respectively, of confirmed COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in nursing home residents reported in the last quarter of 2020. Results Nursing homes experienced steep increases in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths during the final quarter of 2020. Four-fifths (80.51%; n = 10,592) of facilities reported at least 1 COVID-19 case, 49.44% (n = 6504) reported at least 1 hospitalization, and 49.76% (n = 6546) reported at least 1 death during this third surge. N95 mask shortages were associated with increased odds of at least 1 COVID-19 case [odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.40] and hospitalization (1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.40), as well as larger numbers of hospitalizations (1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20). Nursing aide shortages were associated with lower odds of at least 1 COVID-19 death (1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.34) and higher hospitalizations (1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17). The number of nursing hours per resident per day was largely insignificant across all outcomes. Of note, smaller (<50-bed) and midsized (50- to 150-bed) facilities had lower odds yet higher magnitude of all COVID outcomes. Bed occupancy rates >75% increased odds of experiencing a COVID-19 case (1.48, 95% CI 1.35-1.62) or death (1.25, 95% CI 1.17-1.34). Conclusions and Implications Adequate staffing and PPE—along with reduced occupancy and smaller facilities—mitigate incidence and magnitude of COVID-19 cases and sequelae. Addressing shortcomings in these factors is critical to the prevention of infections and adverse health consequences of a next surge among vulnerable nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Simoni-Wastila
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Peter Lamy Center on Drug Therapy and Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Sean P Fleming
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Peter Lamy Center on Drug Therapy and Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tham T Le
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Yang
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danya M Qato
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Peter Lamy Center on Drug Therapy and Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Chin C, Le TT, Singh G, Yip J, Chai SC, Yong QW, Lee E, Yeo D, Tay E, Goh PP, Ling LF, Richards AM, Delgado V, Ding ZP, Ling LH. Echocardiographic global longitudinal strain as a marker of myocardial fibrosis predicts outcomes in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) reflects intrinsic myocardial function, influenced by interstitial abnormalities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) detects myocardial fibrosis non-invasively, but it is limited for widespread use. We aim to establish LV-GLS as a marker of replacement myocardial fibrosis on CMR and validate the prognostic value of LV-GLS thresholds associated with fibrosis.
Methods
LV-GLS thresholds of replacement fibrosis were established in the derivation cohort: 151 patients (57±10 years; 58% males) with hypertension who underwent STE to measure LV-GLS and CMR for replacement myocardial fibrosis. Prognostic value of the thresholds was validated in a separate outcome cohort: 261 patients with moderate-severe aortic stenosis (AS; 71±12 years; 58% males; NYHA functional class I-II) and preserved LVEF ≥50%. Primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalization, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events.
Results
In the derivation cohort, LV-GLS demonstrated good discrimination (c-statistics 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.83; P<0.001) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow X2=6.37; P=0.605) for replacement fibrosis. In the outcome cohort, 52 events occurred over 16 [3.1, 42.0] months of follow-up. Patients with LV-GLS >−15.0% (corresponding to 95% specificity to rule-in myocardial fibrosis) had the worst outcomes compared to patients with LV-GLS <−21.0% (corresponding to 95% sensitivity to rule-out myocardial fibrosis) and those between −21.0 and −15.0% (log-rank P<0.001; Figure 1). Furthermore, LV-GLS offered independent prognostic value over clinical variables, AS severity, echocardiographic LVEF and E/e' (hazard ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.30; P=0.001).
Conclusions
LV-GLS thresholds associated with replacement myocardial fibrosis is a novel approach to risk-stratify patients with AS and preserved LVEF (Figure 2).
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Medical Research Council Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Singh
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Yip
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S C Chai
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Q W Yong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Lee
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Yeo
- Apex Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Tay
- Asian Heart and Vascular Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P P Goh
- Asian Heart and Vascular Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L F Ling
- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A M Richards
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Delgado
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - Z P Ding
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - L H Ling
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Le TT, Qato DM, Magder L, Bjarnadóttir M, Zafari Z, Simoni-Wastila L. Prevalence and Newly Diagnosed Rates of Multimorbidity in Older Medicare Beneficiaries with COPD. COPD 2021; 18:541-548. [PMID: 34468243 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2021.1968815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have quantified the multimorbidity burden in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using large and generalizable data. Such evidence is essential to inform evidence-based research, clinical care, and resource allocation. This retrospective cohort study used a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with COPD and 1:1 matched (on age, sex, and race) non-COPD beneficiaries to: (1) quantify the prevalence of multimorbidity at COPD onset and one-year later; (2) quantify the rates [per 100 person-years (PY)] of newly diagnosed multimorbidity during in the year prior to and in the year following COPD onset; and (3) compare multimorbidity prevalence in beneficiaries with and without COPD. Among 739,118 eligible beneficiaries with and without COPD, the average number of multimorbidity was 10.0 (SD = 4.7) and 1.0 (SD = 3.3), respectively. The most prevalent multimorbidity at COPD onset and at one-year after, respectively, were hypertension (70.8% and 80.2%), hyperlipidemia (52.2% and 64.8%), anemia (42.1% and 52.0%), arthritis (39.8% and 47.7%), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (31.3% and 38.8%). Conditions with the highest newly diagnosed rates before and following COPD onset, respectively, included hypertension (39.8 and 32.3 per 100 PY), hyperlipidemia (22.8 and 27.6), anemia (17.8 and 20.3), CHF (16.2 and 13.2), and arthritis (12.9 and 13.2). COPD was significantly associated with increased odds of all measured conditions relative to non-COPD controls. This study updates existing literature with more current, generalizable findings of the substantial multimorbidity burden in medically complex older adults with COPD-necessary to inform patient-centered, multidimensional care.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2021.1968815 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham T Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Peter Lamy Center for Drug Therapeutic and Aging, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Danya M Qato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Peter Lamy Center for Drug Therapeutic and Aging, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Larry Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margrét Bjarnadóttir
- Department of Decision, Operation, and Information Technologies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zafar Zafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Simoni-Wastila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Peter Lamy Center for Drug Therapeutic and Aging, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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12
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Le TT, Bryant J, Ang B, Su B, Cook S, Chin CALVIN. P962 The Remodeling Index risk stratifies patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
National Medical Research Council
BACKGROUND
Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The authors previously developed the Remodeling Index (RI) that incorporated LV volume and wall-thickness in a single measure of advanced hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
PURPOSE
This study examined the mechanisms and prognostic potential of the RI in reference with current LVH classifications.
METHODS
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 400 asymptomatic hypertensive patients. The newly derived RI ([(EDV)^1/3]/t; where EDV is LV end-diastolic volume and t is the maximal wall thickness across 16 myocardial segments) stratified hypertensive patients into 3 groups: without LVH, LVH with normal RI (LVH_Normal-RI) and LVH with low RI (LVH_Low-RI). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndromes, strokes and decompensated heart failure.
RESULTS
LVH_Low-RI was associated with increased LV mass index, fibrosis burden, impaired myocardial function and elevated biochemical markers of myocardial injury and wall stress. Over 18.3 ± 7.0 months (601.3 patient-years), patients with LVH_Low-RI had more than a 5-fold increase in adverse events compared to those with LVH_Normal-RI (11.6 events/100patient-years versus 2.0 events/100 patient-years, respectively; log-rank P < 0.001; Figure A). The RI provided incremental prognostic value over and above a model consisting of clinical variables and LVH (P = 0.02). Conversely concentric and eccentric LVH were associated with adverse prognosis (4.5 events/100patient-years versus 6.0 events/100patient-years, respectively; log-rank P = 0.62) that was similar as the natural history of hypertensive LVH (5.1 events/100patient-years).
CONCLUSIONS
The RI provides mechanistic insights and prognostic value that improves risk-stratification of hypertensive LVH.
Abstract P962 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - CALVIN Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Phua AIH, Tara SW, Le TT, Bryant JA, Toh DFK, Ang BWY, Su B, Cook SA, Chin CWL. P1419 Sex-related differences in cardiac remodeling in health and hypertension. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
National Medical Research Council
OnBehalf
National Heart Centre Singapore
BACKGROUND
Adverse cardiac remodelling is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Development of left ventricular hypertrophy (defined as increased myocardial mass) is a complex process mediated by myocardial wall thickening and/or ventricular dilatation. Sex-related differences in the relationship between myocardial mass and wall thickening/ventricular dilatation have not been well-described.
PURPOSE
We examine differences in determinants and patterns of cardiac remodeling between males and females.
METHODS
Comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 1006 participants: 316 healthy volunteers (50% males, 46 ± 14 years) and 690 asymptomatic hypertensive patients (60% males, 57 ± 11 years). Myocardial mass, ventricular volumes and maximal myocardial wall thickness (across 16 myocardial segments) were measured using standardized contouring techniques. Clinically relevant variables (age, weight, height, and adiposity) that demonstrated significant univariate association with myocardial mass (P < 0.05) were selected in the multivariable linear regression model using the forward approach.
RESULTS
Increased body weight, lower body fat composition and higher systolic blood pressures were independently associated with increased myocardial mass in healthy volunteers (males and females) and hypertensive females. In hypertensive males, only increased body weight and elevated systolic blood pressure were independently associated with increased myocardial mass.
The association between myocardial mass and ventricular volumes was almost identical between males and females (P = 0.65 for interaction; Figure). Conversely, there was a significant gender-related difference in the association between wall thickness and myocardial mass after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.001 for interaction). Concentric remodeling was initially more evident in males; but further with increase, myocardial mass was associated with greater concentric remodeling in females (Figure). Similar results were observed when analyses were performed separately in healthy volunteers and hypertensive patients.
CONCLUSION
There were sex-related differences in concentric remodeling at progressive stages of myocardial hypertrophy that may explain the higher prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction reported in females.
Abstract P1419 Figure
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Affiliation(s)
- A I H Phua
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S W Tara
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D F K Toh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B W Y Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S A Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W L Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Park S, Le TT, Slejko JF, Villalonga-Olives E, Onukwugha E. Changes in Opioid Utilization Following Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Initiation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2019; 6:611-616. [PMID: 31628617 PMCID: PMC6858479 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-019-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain control is one of the most important aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management from the patient's perspective. Newer generations of RA treatment including tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) have the potential to alleviate pain and thus reduce opioid utilization. However, patterns of opioid utilization before and after TNFi initiation have not been well characterized. This study aims to examine multiple measures of change in opioid utilization after the initiation of TNFi. METHODS Patients aged ≥ 18 years with RA and 24 months continuous enrollment between January 2007 and December 2015 who newly initiated a TNFi in IQVIA™ Health Plan Claims Data were included in our study. Opioid utilization at baseline and during follow-up were identified and compared. RESULTS Of 2330 patients with RA that were included in the study, 38.8% of patients used opioids in both baseline and follow-up periods. From pre-index to post-index, the proportion of patients receiving any opioid decreased from 54.0 to 51.0%. In addition, the proportion of those who received ≥ 50 mg median daily MED decreased from 12.6 to 10.6% during pre-post periods. CONCLUSIONS This real-world study of commercially insured patients with RA suggests that opioid use among these patients is prevalent. There was a small decrease in overall opioid utilization after TNFi initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Tham T Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Julia F Slejko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ester Villalonga-Olives
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Eberechukwu Onukwugha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
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15
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Le TT, Bryant JA, Ang BWY, Pua CJ, Su BWY, Ho PY, Lim S, Huang W, Lee PT, Tang HC, Chin CT, Tan BY, Cook SA, Chin CW. 202Discriminating between exercise induced cardiac remodeling and dilated cardiomyopathy using exercise cardiac MRI. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez128.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B W Y Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - C J Pua
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B W Y Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Y Ho
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Lim
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Huang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - P T Lee
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - H C Tang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - C T Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Y Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S A Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Lee PT, Uy FMR, Le TT, Foo JS, Tan JL, Chin CWL. P367TGA with interarterial coronary artery course and Athlete"s heart. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez109.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P T Lee
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - F M R Uy
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J S Foo
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J L Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W L Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Yeow CES, Cai J, Le TT, Bryant JA, Su B, Chin CWL. P3696Determinants of left ventricular trabeculations in hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C E S Yeow
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cai
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W L Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Santoru A, Garroni S, Pistidda C, Milanese C, Girella A, Marini A, Masolo E, Valentoni A, Bergemann N, Le TT, Cao H, Haase D, Balmes O, Taube K, Mulas G, Enzo S, Klassen T, Dornheim M. A new potassium-based intermediate and its role in the desorption properties of the K-Mg-N-H system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3910-20. [PMID: 26765796 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the reaction pathways of different potassium/magnesium amide-hydride based systems are discussed. In situ SR-PXD experiments were for the first time performed in order to reveal the evolution of the phases connected with the hydrogen releasing processes. Evidence of a new K-N-H intermediate is shown and discussed with particular focus on structural modification. Based on these results, a new reaction mechanism of amide-hydride anionic exchange is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santoru
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - S Garroni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - C Pistidda
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - C Milanese
- Pavia H2 Lab, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, VialeTaramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Girella
- Pavia H2 Lab, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, VialeTaramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Marini
- Pavia H2 Lab, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, VialeTaramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - E Masolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Valentoni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - N Bergemann
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - T T Le
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - H Cao
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - D Haase
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Römers väg 1, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - O Balmes
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Römers väg 1, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - K Taube
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - G Mulas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Enzo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - T Klassen
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
| | - M Dornheim
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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19
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Chumphukam O, Le TT, Piletsky S, Cass AEG. Generation of a pair of independently binding DNA aptamers in a single round of selection using proximity ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:9050-3. [PMID: 25941004 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly generate a pair of aptamers that bind independently to a protein target would greatly extend their use as reagents for two site ('sandwich') assays. We describe here a method to achieve this through proximity ligation. Using lysozyme as a target we demonstrate that under optimal conditions such a pair of aptamers, with nanomolar affinities, can be generated in a single round.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chumphukam
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK.
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Martins Fernandes S, Badano L, Garcia Campos A, Erdei T, Mehdipoor G, Hanboly N, Michalski BW, Vriz O, Mo VY, Le TT, Ribeiro JM, Ternacle J, Yurdakul SELEN, Shetye A, Stoebe S, Lisowska A, Chinali M, Orabona M, Contaldi C, De La Chica JA, Codolosa JN, Trzcinski P, Prado Diaz S, Morales Portano JD, Ha SJ, Valente F, Joseph G, Valente F, Scali MC, Cordeiro F, Duchateau N, Fabris E, Costantino MF, Cho IJ, Goublaire C, Lam W, Galli E, Kim KH, Mariani M, Malev E, Zuercher F, Tang Z, Cimino S, Mahia P, De La Chica JA, Petrovic J, Ciobotaru V, Remsey- Semmelweiss E, Kogoj P, Guerreiro S, Saxena A, Mozenska O, Pontone G, Macaya Ten F, Caballero L, Avegliano G, Halmai L, Reis L, Trifunovic D, Gospodinova M, Makavos G, D'ascenzi F, Dantas Tavares De Melo M, Bonapace S, Kulkarni A, Cameli M, Ingvarsson A, Driessen MMP, Tufekcioglu O, Radulescu D, Barac A, Cioffi G, Almeida Morais L, Ledakowicz-Polak A, Portugal G, Naksuk N, Parato VM, Kovalova S, Cherubini A, Corrado G, Malev E, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Lesevic H, Laredj N, Pieles GE, Generati G, Van Zalen JJ, Aquila I, Cheng HL, Lanzoni L, Asmarats Serra L, Kadrabulatova S, Ranjbar S, Szczesniak-Stanczyk D, Sharka I, Di Salvo G, Ben Kahla S, Li L, Hadeed HA, Habeeb HA, Toscano A, Granata F, Djikic D, Wdowiak-Okrojek K, Girgis HYA, Sharma A, Soro C, Gallego Page JC, Corneli M, Teixeira R, Roussin I, Lynch M, Muraru D, Romeo G, Ermacora D, Marotta C, Aruta P, Cucchini U, Iliceto S, Martin-Fernandez M, De La Hera Galarza JM, Corros-Vicente C, Colunga Blanco S, Velasco-Alonso E, Leon-Aguero V, Rodriguez-Suarez ML, Moris De La Tassa C, Edwards J, Braim D, Price C, Fraser AG, Salmani F, Arjmand Shabestari A, Szymczyk E, Kupczynska K, Peczek L, Nawrot B, Lipiec P, Kasprzak JD, Driussi C, Ferrara F, Brosolo G, Antonini-Canterin F, Magne J, Aboyans V, Bossone E, Bellucci BM, Fisher JM, Balekian AA, Idapalapati S, Huang F, Wong JI, Tan RS, Teixeira R, Madeira M, Almeida I, Reis L, Siserman A, Dinis P, Dias L, Ramos AP, Goncalves L, Wan FW, Sawaki DS, Dubois-Rande JLDR, Adnot SA, Czibik GC, Derumeaux GD, Ercan G, Tekkesin ILKER, Sahin ST, Cengiz B, Celik G, Demircan S, Aytekin SAIDE, Razvi NA, Nazir SA, Price N, Khan JN, Kanagala P, Singh A, Squire I, Mccann GP, Langel M, Pfeiffer D, Hagendorff A, Ptaszynska-Kopczynska K, Marcinkiewicz-Siemion M, Knapp M, Witkowski M, Musial WJ, Kaminski K, Natali B, D' Anna C, Leonardi B, Secinaro A, Pongiglione G, Rinelli G, Renard S, Michel N, Mancini J, Haentjens J, Sitbon O, Habib G, Imbriaco M, Alcidi G, Santoro C, Buonauro A, Lo Iudice F, Lembo M, Cuocolo A, Trimarco B, Galderisi M, Mora Robles J, Roldan Jimenez MA, Mancisidor MA, De Mora MA, Alnabelsi T, Goykhman I, Koshkelashvili N, Romero-Corral A, Pressman GS, Michalski BW, Kupczynska K, Miskowiec D, Lipiec P, Kasprzak JD, Montoro Lopez N, Refoyo Salicio E, Valbuena Lopez SC, Gonzalez O, Alvarez C, Moreno Yanguela M, Bartha Rasero JL, De La Calle M, Guzman Martinez G, Suarez-Cuenca JA, Merino JA, Gomez Alvarez EB, Delgado LG, Woo YM, Bang WD, Sohn GH, Cheong SS, Yoo SY, Rodriguez Palomares JF, Gutierrez L, Maldonado G, Pineda V, Galian L, Teixido G, Gonzalez Allujas MT, Evangelista A, Garcia Dorado D, Zaremba T, Ekeloef S, Heiberg E, Engblom H, Jensen SE, Sogaard P, Rodriguez Palomares JF, Gutierrez L, Garcia G, Pineda V, Galian L, Teixido G, Gonzalez Allujas MT, Evangelista A, Garcia Dorado D, Dini FL, Galli F, Lattanzi F, Picano E, Marzilli M, Leao S, Moz M, Magalhaes P, Trigo J, Mateus PS, Ferreira A, Moreira JI, De Craene M, Legallois D, Labombarda F, Pellissier A, Sermesant M, Saloux E, Merlo M, Moretti M, Barbati G, Stolfo D, Gigli M, Pinamonti B, Sinagra G, Dores E, Matera A, Innelli P, Innelli P, Lopizzo A, Violini R, Fiorilli R, Cappabianca G, Picano E, Tarsia G, Seo J, Chang HJ, Heo R, Kim IC, Shim CY, Hong GR, Chung N, Melissopoulou MM, Nguyen V, Brochet E, Cimadevilla C, Codogno I, Vahanian A, Messika-Zeitoun D, Pontana F, Vassiliou V, Prasad S, Leclercq C, Samset E, Donal E, Lim DS, Bianchi G, Rossi F, Gianetti J, Marchi F, Cerone E, Nardelli A, Terrazzi M, Solinas M, Maffei S, Pshepiy A, Vasina L, Timofeev E, Reeva S, Zemtsovsky E, Brugger N, Jahren S, De Marchi SF, Seiler C, Jin CN, Tang H, Fan K, Kam K, Yan BP, Yu CM, Lee PW, Reali M, Silvetti E, Salatino T, Mancone M, Pennacchi M, Giordano A, Sardella G, Agati L, Tirado G, Nogales-Romo MT, Marcos-Alberca P, De Agustin A, Almeria C, Rodrigo JL, Garcia Fernandez MA, Macaya C, Perez De Isla L, Mancisidor M, Lara Garcia C, Vivancos R, De Mora M, Petrovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Trifunovic D, Boricic-Kostic M, Petrovic I, Draganic G, Petrovic O, Tomic-Dragovic M, Furlan T, Ambrozic J, Mohorko Pleskovic PN, Bunc M, Ribeiras R, Abecasis J, Andrade MJ, Mendes M, Ramakrishnan S, Gupta SK, Juneja R, Kothari SS, Zaleska M, Segiet A, Chwesiuk S, Kroc A, Kosior DA, Andreini D, Solbiati A, Guglielmo M, Mushtaq S, Baggiano A, Beltrama V, Rota C, Guaricci AI, Pepi M, Pons Llinares J, Asmarats Serra L, Pericas Ramis P, Caldes Llull O, Grau Sepulveda A, Frontera G, Vaquer Segui A, Noris M, Bethencourt Gonzalez A, Climent Paya V, Martinez Moreno M, Saura D, Oliva MJ, Sanchez Quinones J, Garcia Honrubia A, Valdes M, De La Morena G, Terricabras M, Costabel JP, Ronderos R, Evangelista A, Venturini C, Galve E, Nemes A, Neubauer S, Rahman Haley S, Banner N, Teixeira R, Caetano F, Almeida I, Trigo J, Botelho A, Silva J, Nascimento J, Goncalves L, Tesic M, Jovanovic I, Petrovic O, Boricic-Kostic M, Dragovic M, Petrovic M, Stepanovic J, Banovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Guergelcheva V, Chamova T, Sarafov S, Tournev I, Denchev S, Ikonomidis I, Psarogiannakopoulos P, Tsirigotis P, Paraskevaidis I, Lekakis J, Pelliccia A, Natali BM, Cameli M, Focardi M, Bonifazi M, Mondillo S, Lima C, Assed L, Kalil Filho R, Mady C, Bochi EA, Salemi VMC, Targher G, Valbusa F, Rossi A, Lanzoni L, Lipari P, Zenari L, Molon G, Canali G, Barbieri E, Li L, Craft M, Nanda M, Lorenzo JM, Kutty S, Bombardini T, Sparla S, Di Tommaso C, Losito M, Incampo E, Maccherini M, Mondillo S, Werther Evaldsson A, Radegran G, Stagmo M, Waktare J, Roijer A, Meurling CJ, Hui W, Meijboom FJ, Bijnens B, Dragulescu A, Mertens L, Friedberg MK, Sensoy B, Suleymanoglu M, Akin Y, Sahan E, Sasmaz H, Pasca L, Buzdugan E, Chis B, Stoicescu L, Lynce FC, Smith KL, Mete M, Isaacs C, Viapiana O, Di Nora C, Ognibeni F, Fracassi E, Giollo A, Mazzone C, Faganello G, Di Lenarda A, Rossini M, Galrinho A, Branco L, Timoteo AT, Rodrigues I, Daniel P, Rosa S, Ferreira L, Ferreira R, Polak L, Krauza G, Stokfisz K, Zielinska M, Branco LM, Galrinho A, Mota Carmo M, Teresa Timoteo A, Aguiar Rosa S, Abreu J, Pinto Teixeira P, Viveiros Monteiro A, Cruz Ferreira R, Peeraphatdit T, Chaiteerakij R, Klarich KW, Masia S, Necas J, Nistri S, Negri F, Barbati G, Cioffi G, Russo G, Mazzone C, Faganello G, Pandullo C, Di Lenarda A, Durante A, Rovelli E, Genchi V, Trabattoni L, Zerboni SC, Cattaneo L, Butti E, Ferrari G, Luneva E, Mitrofanova L, Uspensky V, Zemtsovsky E, Kasprzak JD, Rosner S, Karl M, Ott I, Sonne C, Ali Lahmar HM, Hammou L, Forsey J, Gowing L, Miller F, Ramanujam P, Stuart AG, Williams CA, Bandera F, Pellegrino M, Carbone F, Labate V, Alfonzetti E, Guazzi M, Patel NR, Raju P, Beale L, Brickley G, Lloyd GW, Fernandez-Golfin C, Gonzalez A, Rincon LM, Hinojar R, Garcia A, Megias A, Jimenez-Nacher JJ, Moya JL, Zamorano JL, Molon G, Canali G, Bonapace S, Chiampan A, Albrigi L, Barbieri E, Noris Mora M, Rodriguez Fernandez A, Exposito Pineda C, Grande C, Gonzalez Colino R, Macaya Ten F, Fernandez Vazquez X, Fortuny Frau E, Bethencourt Gonzalez A, Karvandi M, Blaszczyk R, Zarczuk R, Brzozowski W, Janowski M, Wysokinski A, Stanczyk B, Myftiu S, Teferici D, Quka A, Dado E, Djamandi J, Kresto L, Duka A, Kristo A, Balla I, Issa Z, Moiduddin N, Siblini G, Bulbul Z, Abid L, Abid D, Kammoun S, Rush E, Craft M, Goodwin J, Kreikemeier R, Cantinotti M, Kutty S, Zolaly MA, Khoshhal SQ, El-Harbi K, Tarawah A, Al-Hawsawi Z, Al-Mozainy I, Bakhoum SWG, Nabil MN, Elebrashy IN, Chinali M, Albanese S, Carotti A, Iacobelli R, Esposito C, Secinaro A, Moscogiuri G, Pasquini L, Malvezzi Caracciolo M, Bianchi RM, Caso P, Arenga F, Riegler L, Scarafile R, D'andrea A, Russo MG, Calabro' P, Simic DS, Peric VP, Mujovic NM, Marinkovic MM, Jankovic NJ, Shim A, Wejner-Mik P, Kasprzak JD, Lipiec P, Jain N, Kharwar R, Saran RK, Narain VS, Dwivedi SK, Sethi R, Chandra S, Pradhan A, Safal S, Marchetti MF, Cacace C, Congia M, Nissardi V, Ruscazio M, Meloni L, Montisci R, Gallego Sanchez G, Calero S, Portero JJ, Tercero A, Garcia JC, Barambio M, Martinez Lazaro R, Meretta AH, Perea GO, Belcastro F, Aguirre E, De Luca I, Henquin R, Masoli O. Poster session 2THE IMAGING EXAMINATIONP536Appropriate use criteria of transthoracic echocardiography and its clinical impact: a continuous challengeP537Implementation of proprietary plug-ins in the DICOM-based computerized echo reporting system fuels the use of 3D echo and deformation imaging in the clinical routine of a multivendor laboratoryP538Exercise stress echocardiography appropriate use criteria: real-life cases classification ease and agreement among cardiologistsANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELSP539Functional capacity in older people with normal ejection fraction correlates with left ventricular functional reserve and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity but not with E/e and augmentation indexP540Survey of competency of practitioners for diagnosis of acute cardiopulmonary diseases manifest on chest x-rayASSESSMENT OF DIAMETERS, VOLUMES AND MASSP541Left atrium remodeling in dialysis patients with normal ejection fractionP542The prediction of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling and the role of of leptin and MCP-1 in regard to the presence of metabolic syndromeP543Ascending aorta and common carotid artery: diameters and stiffness in a group of 584 healthy subjectsAssessments of haemodynamicsP544Alternate echo parameters in patients without estimable RVSPAssessment of systolic functionP545Reduced contractile performance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: determination using novel preload-adjusted maximal left ventricular ejection forceP546Left ventricular dimensions and prognosis in acute coronary syndromesP547Time course of myocardial alterations in a murine model of high fat diet: A strain rate imaging studyP548Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with premature ventricular contractionsP549Global myocardial strain by CMR-based feature tracking (FT) and tagging to predict development of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute st-elevation myocardial infarctionP550Echocardiographic analysis of left and right ventricular function in patients after mitral valve reconstructionP551The role of regional longitudinal strain assessment in predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left bundle branch blockP552Speckle tracking automatic border detection improves echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular systolic function in repaired tetralogy of fallot patients: comparison with MRI findingsP553Echocardiography: a reproducible and relevant tool in pah? intermediate results of the multicentric efort echogardiographic substudy (evaluation of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in pah)Assessment of diastolic functionP554Relationship between left ventricular filling pressures and myocardial fibrosis in patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertensionP555Cardiac rehabilitation improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function in patients with ischemic heart diseaseP556Diastolic parameters in the calcified mitral annulusP557Biomarkers and echocardiography - combined weapon to diagnose and prognose heart failure with and without preserved ejection fractionP558Diastolic function changes of the maternal heart in twin and singleton pregnancyIschemic heart diseaseP559Syntax score as predictor for the correlation between epicardial adipose tissue and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with significant coronary diseaseP560Impact of strain analysis in ergonovine stress echocardiography for diagnosis vasospastic anginaP561Cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking: a novel method to predict infarct transmurality in acute myocardial infarctionP562Infarct size is correlated to global longitudinal strain but not left ventricular ejection fraction in the early stage of acute myocardial infarctionP563Magnetic resonance myocardial deformation assessment with tissue tracking and risk stratification in acute myocardial infarction patientsP564Increase in regional end-diastolic wall thickness by transthoracic echocardiography as a biomarker of successful reperfusion in anterior ST elevation acute myocardial infarctionP565Mitral regurgitation is associated with worse long-term prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary interventionP566Statistical significance of 3D motion and deformation indexes for the analysis of LAD infarctionHeart valve DiseasesP567Paradoxical low gradient aortic stenosis: echocardiographic progression from moderate to severe diseaseP568The beneficial effects of TAVI in mitral insufficiencyP569Impact of thoracic aortic calcification on the left ventricular hypertrophy and its regression after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosisP570Additional value of exercise-stress echocardiography in asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosisP571Valvulo-arterial impedance in severe aortic stenosis: a dual imaging modalities studyP572Left ventricular mechanics: novel tools to evaluate left ventricular performance in patients with aortic stenosisP573Comparison of long-term outcome after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty versus mitral valve replacement in moderate to severe mitral stenosis with left ventricular dysfunctionP574Incidence of de novo left ventricular dysfunction in patient treated with aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitationP575Transforming growth factor-beta dependant progression of the mitral valve prolapseP576Quantification of mitral regurgitation with multiple jets: in vitro validation of three-dimensional PISA techniqueP577Impaired pre-systolic contraction and saddle-shape deepening of mitral annulus contributes to atrial functional regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiographic studyP578Incidence and determinants of left ventricular (lv) reverse remodeling after MitraClip implantation in patients with moderate-to severe or severe mitral regurgitation and reduced lv ejection fractionP579Severe functional tricuspid regurgitation in rheumatic heart valve disease. New insights from 3D transthoracic echocardiographyP58015 years of evolution of the etiologic profile for prosthetic heart valve replacement through an echocardiography laboratoryP581The role of echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of prolonged fever of unknown originP582Predictive value for paravalvular regurgitation of 3-dimensional anatomic aortic annulus shape assessed by multidetector computed tomography post-transcatheter aortic valve replacementP583The significance and advantages of echo and CT imaging & measurement at transcatherter aortic valve implantation through the left common carotid accessP584Comparison of the self-expandable Medtronic CoreValve versus the balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN bioprostheses in high-risk patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantationP585The impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on mitral regurgitation severityP586Echocardiographic follow up of children with valvular lesions secondary to rheumatic heart disease: Data from a prospective registryP587Valvular heart disease and different circadian blood pressure profilesCardiomyopathiesP588Comparison of transthoracic echocardiography versus cardiac magnetic for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in primary prevention strategy dilated cardiomyopathy patientsP589Incidence and prognostic significance of left ventricle reverse remodeling in a cohort of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathyP590Early evaluation of diastolic function in fabry diseaseP591Echocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation development in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP592Altered Torsion mechanics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: LVOT-obstruction is the topdog?P593Prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: what has changed in the guidelines?P594Coronary microcirculatory function as determinator of longitudinal systolic left ventricular function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP595Detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction by tissue Doppler ehocardiography in patients with muscular dystrophiesP596Speckle tracking myocardial deformation analysis and three dimensional echocardiography for early detection of chemotherapy induced cardiac dysfunction in bone marrow transplantation patientsP597Left ventricular non compaction or hypertrabeculation: distinguishing between physiology and pathology in top-level athletesP598Role of multi modality imaging in familiar screening of Danon diseaseP599Early impairment of global longitudinal left ventricular systolic function independently predicts incident atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitusP600Fetal cardiovascular programming in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity: insights from deformation imagingP601Longitudinal strain stress echo evaluation of aged marginal donor hearts: feasibility in the Adonhers project.P602Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular size and function following heart transplantation - Gender mattersSystemic diseases and other conditionsP603The impact of septal kinetics on adverse ventricular-ventricular interactions in pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary arterial hypertensionP604Improvement in right ventricular mechanics after inhalation of iloprost in pulmonary hypertensionP605Does the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome correct the right ventricular diastolic dysfunction?P606Predictors of altered cardiac function in breast cancer survivors who were treated with anthracycline-based therapyP607Prevalence and factors related to left ventricular systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective tissue-doppler echocardiography studyP608Diastolic and systolic left ventricle dysfunction presenting different prognostic implications in cardiac amyloidosisP609Diagnostic accuracy of Bedside Lung Ultrasonography in Emergency (BLUE) protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolismP610Right ventricular systolic dysfunction and its incidence in breast cancer patients submitted to anthracycline therapyP611Right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor of survival among cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantCongenital heart diseaseP612Hypoplasia or absence of posterior leaflet: a rare congenital anomaly of the mitral valveP613ECHO screening for Barlow disease in proband's relativesDiseases of the aortaP614Aortic size distribution and prognosis in an unselected population of patients referred for standard transthoracic echocardiographyP615Abdominal aorta aneurysm ultrasonographic screening in a large cohort of asympromatic volounteers in an Italian urban settingP616Thoracic aortic aneurysm and left ventricular systolic functionStress echocardiographyP617Wall motion score index, systolic mitral annulus velocity and left ventricular mass predicted global longitudinal systolic strain in 238 patients examined by stress echocardiographyP618Prognostic parameters of exercise-induced severe mitral valve regurgitation and exercise-induced systolic pulmonary hypertensionP619Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiographyP620relationship between LV and RV myocardial contractile reserve and metabolic parameters during incremental exercise and recovery in healthy children using 2-D strain analysisP621Increased peripheral extraction as a mechanism compensatory to reduced cardiac output in high risk heart failure patients with group 2 pulmonary hypertension and exercise oscillatory ventilationP622Can exercise induced changes in cardiac synchrony predict response to CRT?Transesophageal echocardiographyP623Fully-automated software for mitral valve assessment in chronic mitral regurgitation by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographyP624Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography provides more accurate orifice measurement in percutaneous transcatheter left atrial appendage closureP625Percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage: experience of 36 casesReal-time three-dimensional TEEP626Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography during pulmonary vein cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrilationP627Three dimensional ultrasound anatomy of intact mitral valve and in the case of type 2 disfunctionTissue Doppler and speckle trackingP629Left ventricle wall motion tracking from echocardiographic images by a non-rigid image registrationP630The first experience with the new prototype of a robotic system for remote echocardiographyP631Non-invasive PCWP influence on a loop diuretics regimen monitoring model in ADHF patients.P632Normal range of left ventricular strain, dimensions and ejection fraction using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in neonatesP633Circumferential ascending aortic strain: new parameter in the assessment of arterial stiffness in systemic hypertensionP634Aortic vascular properties in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta: a two-dimensional echocardiography derived aortic strain studyP635Assessment of cardiac functions in children with sickle cell anemia: doppler tissue imaging studyP636Assessment of left ventricular function in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: relation to duration and control of diabetesP637A study of left ventricular torsion in l-loop ventricles using speckle-tracking echocardiographyP638Despite No-Reflow, global and regional longitudinal strains assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography are predictive indexes of left ventricular remodeling in patients with STEMIP639The function of reservoir of the left atrium in patients with medicaly treated arterial hypertensionP640The usefulness of speckle tracking analysis for predicting the recovery of regional systolic function after myocardial infarctionP641Two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation and normal ejection fractionP642The prediction of left-main and tripple vessel coronary artery disease by tissue doppler based longitudinal strain and strain rate imagingP643Role of speckle tracking in predicting arrhythmic risk and occurrence of appropriate implantable defibrillator Intervention in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathyComputed Tomography & Nuclear CardiologyP644Cardiac adrenergic activity in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlation with echocardiographyP645Different vascular territories and myocardial ischemia, there is a gradient of association? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Fonville JM, Wilks SH, James SL, Fox A, Ventresca M, Aban M, Xue L, Jones TC, Le NMH, Pham QT, Tran ND, Wong Y, Mosterin A, Katzelnick LC, Labonte D, Le TT, van der Net G, Skepner E, Russell CA, Kaplan TD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Masurel N, de Jong JC, Palache A, Beyer WEP, Le QM, Nguyen TH, Wertheim HFL, Hurt AC, Osterhaus ADME, Barr IG, Fouchier RAM, Horby PW, Smith DJ. Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination. Science 2014; 346:996-1000. [PMID: 25414313 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fonville
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - S H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - S L James
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - A Fox
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M Ventresca
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - M Aban
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - L Xue
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - T C Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - N M H Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Q T Pham
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N D Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Y Wong
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK
| | - A Mosterin
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - L C Katzelnick
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - D Labonte
- Insect Biomechanics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - T T Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - G van der Net
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - E Skepner
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - C A Russell
- WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - T D Kaplan
- bobblewire.com, Saint Louis, MO 63112, US
| | - G F Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - N Masurel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - J C de Jong
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - A Palache
- Abbott Laboratories, Weesp 1380 DA, the Netherlands
| | - W E P Beyer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Q M Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T H Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H F L Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - A C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - I G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - R A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - P W Horby
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - D J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
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Le TT, Adamiak B, Benton DJ, Johnson CJ, Sharma S, Fenton R, McCauley JW, Iqbal M, Cass AEG. Aptamer-based biosensors for the rapid visual detection of flu viruses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15533-6. [PMID: 25354585 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07888h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA aptamers showing affinity and specificity for different strains of human influenza virus were assembled onto gold nanoparticles that subsequently formed a gold nanoshell (AuNS) around the viral envelope. These shells could be visualised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in size and structure of the AuNS coated virus can be used to detect the viruses. We show that sedimentation with a low cost centrifuge and visual determination can detect 3 × 10(8) viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK.
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Skrzypski M, Kaczmarek P, Le TT, Wojciechowicz T, Pruszyńska-Oszmalek E, Szczepankiewicz D, Sassek M, Arafat A, Wiedenmann B, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ. Effects of orexin A on proliferation, survival, apoptosis and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:4157-64. [PMID: 23123090 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activities of orexin A (OXA) in mature adipocytes are mediated via PI3K/PKB and PPARγ. However, the effects of OXA on preadipocytes are largely unknown. We report here that OXA stimulates the proliferation and viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and protects them from apoptosis via ERK1/2, but not through PKB. OXA reduces proapoptotic activity of caspase-3 via ERK1/2. Inhibition of ERK1/2 prevents the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Unlike insulin, neither short-term nor prolonged exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to OXA induces preadipocyte differentiation to adipocytes, despite increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Unlike insulin, OXA fails to activate PKB, which explains its inability to induce the differentiation of preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skrzypski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology & Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Le TT, Van de Wiele T, Do TNH, Debyser G, Struijs K, Devreese B, Dewettinck K, Van Camp J. Stability of milk fat globule membrane proteins toward human enzymatic gastrointestinal digestion. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2307-18. [PMID: 22541459 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction refers to the thin film of polar lipids and membrane proteins that surrounds fat globules in milk. It is its unique biochemical composition that renders MFGM with some beneficial biological activities, such as anti-adhesive effects toward pathogens. However, a prerequisite for the putative bioactivity of MFGM is its stability during gastrointestinal digestion. We, therefore, subjected MFGM material, isolated from raw milk, to an in vitro enzymatic gastrointestinal digestion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE, in combination with 2 staining methods, Coomassie Blue and periodic acid Schiff staining, was used to evaluate polypeptide patterns of the digest, whereas mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of specific MFGM proteins. Generally, it was observed that glycoproteins showed higher resistance to endogenous proteases compared with non-glycosylated proteins. Mucin 1 displayed the highest resistance to digestion and a considerable part of this protein was still detected at its original molecular weight after gastric and small intestine digestion. Cluster of differentiation 36 was also quite resistant to pepsin. A significant part of periodic acid Schiff 6/7 survived the gastric digestion, provided that the lipid moiety was not removed from the MFGM material. Overall, MFGM glycoproteins are generally more resistant to gastrointestinal digestion than serum milk proteins and the presence of lipids, besides glycosylation, may protect MFGM glycoproteins from gastrointestinal digestion. This gastrointestinal stability makes MFGM glycoproteins amenable to further studies in which their putative health-promoting effects can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Salameh TS, Le TT, Nichols MB, Bauer E, Cheng J, Camarillo IG. An ex vivo co-culture model system to evaluate stromal-epithelial interactions in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:288-96. [PMID: 22696278 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. High breast cancer incidence and mortality rates, especially in obese patients, emphasize the need for a better biological understanding of this disease. Previous studies provide substantial evidence for a vital role of the local extracellular environment in multiple steps of tumor progression, including proliferation and invasion. Current evidence supports the role of adipocytes as an endocrine organ, which produces steroid hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as leptin. To further define the role of the mammary microenvironment on tumorigenesis, we have developed an adipose-tumor epithelial cell co-culture system designed to reproduce the in vivo mammary environment. We validate this model through use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, a label-free vibrational imaging technique. CARS analysis demonstrates the sustained viability of the adipocytes, and that mammary cancer cell morphology parallels that of tumors in vivo. Also, characterized was the influence of mammary adipose tissue on tumor cell growth and migration. Adipose tissue co-cultured with mammary tumor epithelial cells, in the absence of any serum or supplemental growth factors, resulted in substantial increases in growth and migration of tumor cells. In conclusion, this novel co-culture system provides an ideal model to study epithelial-stromal interactions in the mammary gland. Understanding the relationship between adipose tissue, the most abundant and least studied component of the breast stroma and tumor epithelial cells is critical to clarifying the influence of obesity on the development, progression and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Salameh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 49706, USA
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Le TT, Fischbein NJ, André JB, Wijman C, Rosenberg J, Zaharchuk G. Identification of venous signal on arterial spin labeling improves diagnosis of dural arteriovenous fistulas and small arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:61-8. [PMID: 22158927 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DAVFs and small AVMs are difficult to detect on conventional MR imaging/MRA or CTA examinations and often require DSA for definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of venous signal intensity on ASL imaging for making this diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two neuroradiologists and 1 neurologist reviewed MR imaging studies in 26 patients, 15 of whom had DSA-proved DAVFs or small (<2 cm) AVMs. Pseudocontinuous ASL was performed at 1.5T with background-suppressed 3D-FSE readout. Using a 5-point scale, these readers assessed the likelihood of positive findings on a DSA study before and after reviewing the ASL findings. Agreement on imaging findings, including venous ASL signal intensity, was performed by using κ statistics. Logistic regression and ROC analysis were performed to determine which imaging findings improved diagnosis. RESULTS Venous ASL signal intensity was seen frequently in cases with positive findings on DSA. The sensitivity and specificity of venous ASL signal intensity for predicting positive findings on a DSA study were 78% and 85%, respectively. On ROC analysis, there was a significant increase in the AUC after review of the ASL images (AUC = 0.798 pre-ASL, AUC = 0.891 post-ASL; P = .02). Multivariate regression identified venous ASL signal intensity as the strongest predictor of positive findings on a DSA study, with an odds ratio of 17.3 (95% CI, 3.3-90.4). CONCLUSIONS Identifying venous ASL signal intensity improved detection of DAVFs and small AVMs. Attention to this finding may improve triage to DSA in patients with suspected small vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA, USA
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Skrzypski M, T Le T, Kaczmarek P, Pruszynska-Oszmalek E, Pietrzak P, Szczepankiewicz D, Kolodziejski PA, Sassek M, Arafat A, Wiedenmann B, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ. Orexin A stimulates glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and adiponectin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and isolated primary rat adipocytes. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1841-52. [PMID: 21505958 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Orexin A (OXA) modulates body weight, food intake and energy expenditure. In vitro, OXA increases PPARγ (also known as PPARG) expression and inhibits lipolysis, suggesting direct regulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we characterise the metabolic effects and mechanisms of OXA action in adipocytes. METHODS Isolated rat adipocytes and differentiated murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to OXA in the presence or absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Pparγ expression was silenced using small interfering RNA. Glucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate production, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and adiponectin secretion were measured. Adiponectin plasma levels were determined in rats treated with OXA for 4 weeks. RESULTS OXA PI3K-dependently stimulated active glucose uptake by translocating the glucose transporter GLUT4 from cytoplasm into the plasma membrane. OXA increased cellular triacylglycerol content via PI3K. Cellular triacylglycerol accumulation resulted from increased lipogenesis as well as from a decrease of lipolysis. Adiponectin levels in chow- and high-fat diet-fed rats treated chronically with OXA were increased. OXA stimulated adiponectin expression and secretion in adipocytes. Both pharmacological blockade of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity or silencing Pparγ expression prevented OXA from stimulating triacylglycerol accumulation and adiponectin production. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates that OXA stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes and that the evolved energy is stored as lipids. OXA increases lipogenesis, inhibits lipolysis and stimulates the secretion of adiponectin. These effects are conferred via PI3K and PPARγ2. Overall, OXA's effects on lipids and adiponectin secretion resemble that of insulin sensitisers, suggesting a potential relevance of this peptide in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skrzypski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Schroder WA, Gardner J, Le TT, Duke M, Burke ML, Jones MK, McManus DP, Suhrbier A. SerpinB2 deficiency modulates Th1⁄Th2 responses after schistosome infection. Parasite Immunol 2011; 32:764-8. [PMID: 21086717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SerpinB2, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2, is a major product of macrophages and is upregulated during many infections. Although SerpinB2 inhibits urokinase plasminogen activator in vitro, evidence that this represents its physiological role in vivo is not compelling. We have recently shown that SerpinB2-/-mice generate enhanced Th1 responses after immunization with a Th1 immunogen. Herein,we show that Schistosoma japonicum granulomas induced liver SerpinB2 mRNA expression by >600-fold in wild-type mice. In SerpinB2-/- mice, worm and egg burden, and granuloma number and volume were unaffected. However, granulomas in these mice were associated with reduced fibrosis (as determined by Sirius red staining and image analysis) and increased iNOS, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFa and decreased Arg 1 and IL-13 mRNA expression. SerpinB2-/- mice immunized with soluble egg antigen (SEA) also showed reduced levels of SEA-specific IgG1. SerpinB2 deficiency thus promoted certain Th1 and reduced certain Th2 responses in response to this Th2 immunogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Schroder
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
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Le TT, Miocinovic J, Van Camp J, Devreese B, Strijs K, Vande WT, Dewettinck K. Isolation and applications of milk fat globule membrane material: isolation from buttermilk and butter serum. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2011; 76:111-114. [PMID: 21539210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Hoang-Le D, Smeenk L, Anraku I, Pijlman GP, Wang XJ, de Vrij J, Liu WJ, Le TT, Schroder WA, Khromykh AA, Suhrbier A. A Kunjin replicon vector encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor for intra-tumoral gene therapy. Gene Ther 2008; 16:190-9. [PMID: 19092857 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have recently developed a non-cytopathic RNA replicon-based viral vector system based on the flavivirus Kunjin. Here, we illustrate the utility of the Kunjin replicon system for gene therapy. Intra-tumoral injections of Kunjin replicon virus-like particles encoding granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were able to cure >50% of established subcutaneous CT26 colon carcinoma and B16-OVA melanomas. Regression of CT26 tumours correlated with the induction of anti-cancer CD8 T cells, and treatment of subcutaneous CT26 tumours also resulted in the regression of CT26 lung metastases. Only a few immune-based strategies are able to cure these aggressive tumours once they are of a reasonable size, illustrating the potential of this vector system for intra-tumoral gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hoang-Le
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Le TT, Rombaut R, Dewettink K. Effect of washing steps on the recovery of milk fat globule membrane material isolated from milk. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2007; 72:229-233. [PMID: 18018893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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32
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Silins SL, Sherritt MA, Silleri JM, Cross SM, Elliott SL, Bharadwaj M, Le TT, Morrison LE, Khanna R, Moss DJ, Suhrbier A, Misko IS. Asymptomatic primary Epstein-Barr virus infection occurs in the absence of blood T-cell repertoire perturbations despite high levels of systemic viral load. Blood 2001; 98:3739-44. [PMID: 11739180 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.13.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary infection with the human herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), may result in subclinical seroconversion or may appear as infectious mononucleosis (IM), a lymphoproliferative disease of variable severity. Why primary infection manifests differently between patients is unknown, and, given the difficulties in identifying donors undergoing silent seroconversion, little information has been reported. However, a longstanding assumption has been held that IM represents an exaggerated form of the virologic and immunologic events of asymptomatic infection. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of a unique cohort of subclinically infected patients undergoing silent infection were studied, and the results highlight a fundamental difference between the 2 forms of infection. In contrast to the massive T-cell expansions mobilized during the acute symptomatic phase of IM, asymptomatic donors largely maintain homeostatic T-cell control and peripheral blood repertoire diversity. This disparity cannot simply be linked to severity or spread of the infection because high levels of EBV DNA were found in the blood from both types of acute infection. The results suggest that large expansions of T cells within the blood during IM may not always be associated with the control of primary EBV infection and that they may represent an overreaction that exacerbates disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Silins
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia.
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Abstract
CD8 alphabeta cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) polyepitope or polytope vaccines have traditionally been delivered using recombinant vector or DNA based delivery modalities. Here we show the delivery of polytope vaccines in the form of either synthetic polypeptides or recombinant polytope proteins by ImmunoStimulatory COMplexes (ISCOMs(R)). Induction of multiple protective CTL responses by these polytope-ISCOM formulations were comparable to viral vector or DNA based delivery modalities as assessed by IFNgamma ELISpot, chromium release and viral challenge assays. Measurement of CTL responses specific for the different epitopes revealed immunodominance patterns, which were largely independent of the vaccine vector or the order of the epitopes in the polytope. ISCOMs thus emerge as a viable human delivery modality for protein-based polytope vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Australian National Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and the University of Queensland, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate patterns of drug use and injection-related risk behaviours among young Indo-Chinese injecting drug users (IDUs). METHOD Cross-sectional survey. A structured questionnaire was administered to 184 Indo-Chinese IDUs aged 15 to 24 in Sydney and Melbourne. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling techniques; measures included patterns of heroin and other drug use, injection-related risk behaviours, perceived susceptibility to HIV and HCV infection and access to services. RESULTS Despite perceived high availability of sterile injecting equipment, 36% had ever shared a needle and syringe and 22% had done so in the preceding month. Lifetime sharing was significantly associated with duration of injecting, history of incarceration and residence in Sydney. Sharing of injecting paraphernalia other than needles and syringes was also common, with young women and Sydney residents significantly more likely to report sharing equipment in the preceding month. CONCLUSIONS Young Indo-Chinese IDUs are at high risk of infection with hepatitis C and other blood-borne viruses. Results indicate an urgent need for culturally appropriate and sustainable risk reduction programs which specifically target this population. IMPLICATIONS Health services must respond swiftly to implement effective blood-borne virus prevention programs for young Indo-Chinese IDUs. Failure to do so may sustain the current epidemic of hepatitis C among IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maher
- School of Medical Education, University of New South Wales.
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Young PJ, Le TT, Dunckley M, Nguyen TM, Burghes AH, Morris GE. Nuclear gems and Cajal (coiled) bodies in fetal tissues: nucleolar distribution of the spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN. Exp Cell Res 2001; 265:252-61. [PMID: 11302690 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SMN, the affected protein in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is a cytoplasmic protein that also occurs in nuclear structures called "gems" and is involved in snRNP maturation. Coilin-p80 is a marker protein for nuclear Cajal bodies (coiled bodies; CBs) which are also involved in snRNP maturation, storage or transport. We now show that gems and CBs are present in all fetal tissues, even those that lack gems/CBs in the adult. Most gems and CBs occur as separate nuclear structures in fetal tissues, but their colocalization increases with fetal age and is almost complete in the adult. In adult tissues, up to half of all gems/CBs are inside the nucleolus, whereas in cultured cells they are almost exclusively nucleoplasmic. The nucleolar SMN is often more diffusely distributed, compared with nucleoplasmic gems. Up to 30% of cells in fetal tissues have SMN distributed throughout the nucleolus, instead of forming gems in the nucleoplasm. The results suggest a function for gems distinct from Cajal bodies in fetal nuclei and a nucleolar function for SMN. Spinal cord, the affected tissue in SMA, behaves differently in several respects. In both fetal and adult motor neurons, many gems/CBs occur as larger bodies closely associated with the nucleolar perimeter. Uniquely in motor neurons, gems/CBs are more numerous in adult than in fetal stages and colocalization of gems and CBs occurs earlier in development. These unusual features of motor neurons may relate to their special sensitivity to reduced SMN levels in SMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Young
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, North East Wales Institute, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
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Young PJ, Man NT, Lorson CL, Le TT, Androphy EJ, Burghes AH, Morris GE. The exon 2b region of the spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN, is involved in self-association and SIP1 binding. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:2869-77. [PMID: 11092763 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.19.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations in the SMN (survival of motor neurons) gene and there is a correlation between disease severity and levels of functional SMN protein. Studies of structure-function relationships in SMN protein may lead to a better understanding of SMA pathogenesis. Self-association of the spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN, is important for its function in RNA splicing. Biomolecular interaction analysis core analysis now shows that SMN self-association occurs via SMN regions encoded by exons 2b and 6, that exon 2b encodes a binding site for SMN-interacting protein-1 and that interaction occurs between exon 2- and 4-encoded regions within the SMN monomer. The presence of two separate self-association sites suggests a novel mechanism by which linear oligomers or closed rings might be formed from SMN monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Young
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, North East Wales Institute, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, UK
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37
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Le TT, Coovert DD, Monani UR, Morris GE, Burghes AH. The survival motor neuron (SMN) protein: effect of exon loss and mutation on protein localization. Neurogenetics 2000; 3:7-16. [PMID: 11085591 DOI: 10.1007/s100480000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations in the telomeric copy of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) but not mutations in the centromeric copy (SMN2). The critical difference between the two genes is a nucleotide difference in exon 7 that affects splicing and causes this exon to be spliced out of most SMN2 transcripts. A majority of the SMN1 gene transcripts contain exon 7. To investigate the effect of exon loss or mutations in SMN on protein localization, 15 SMN constructs were prepared and transfected into COS-7 cells and fibroblasts derived from a type I SMA patient. Loss of exon 5 (Iso5-SMN), a putative nuclear localization signal in exon 2, and the G279V point mutation had little effect on SMN localization. Loss of both exons 5 and 7 (Iso57-SMN) resulted in low gem numbers and the localization of the majority of the SMN protein to the cytoplasm. Cells expressing constructs lacking only exon 7 (Iso7-SMN) did not produce large numbers of gems in general, although there were a few cells that had a staining pattern similar to cells transfected with a full-length (Full-SMN) construct. HeLa cells stably transfected with full-length SMN or Iso7-SMN did not overexpress SMN, and both constructs produced a similar localization of the protein, although Iso7-SMN formed gems less efficiently. Removal of the amino-terminus, deletion of the conserved domain in exon 2A, and the mutation Y272C all caused accumulation of SMN in the nucleus, sometimes in large aggregates. These findings suggest that the amino-terminal domain of SMN is essential for the correct cellular distribution of SMN, whereas Iso7-SMN is capable of forming gems, albeit at a reduced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Coovert DD, Le TT, Morris GE, Man NT, Kralewski M, Sendtner M, Burghes AH. Does the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) interact with Bcl-2? J Med Genet 2000; 37:536-9. [PMID: 10970187 PMCID: PMC1734632 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.7.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bartlett RJ, Stockinger S, Denis MM, Bartlett WT, Inverardi L, Le TT, thi Man N, Morris GE, Bogan DJ, Metcalf-Bogan J, Kornegay JN. In vivo targeted repair of a point mutation in the canine dystrophin gene by a chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotide. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:615-22. [PMID: 10835598 DOI: 10.1038/76448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in golden retrievers (GRMD), a point mutation within the splice acceptor site of intron 6 leads to deletion of exon 7 from the dystrophin mRNA, and the consequent frameshift causes early termination of translation. We have designed a DNA and RNA chimeric oligonucleotide to induce host cell mismatch repair mechanisms and correct the chromosomal mutation to wild type. Direct skeletal muscle injection of the chimeric oligonucleotide into the cranial tibialis compartment of a six-week-old affected male dog, and subsequent analysis of biopsy and necropsy samples, demonstrated in vivo repair of the GRMD mutation that was sustained for 48 weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of exons 5-10 demonstrated increasing levels of exon 7 inclusion with time. An isolated exon 7-specific dystrophin antibody confirmed synthesis of normal-sized dystrophin product and positive localization to the sarcolemma. Chromosomal repair in muscle tissue was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR and sequencing the PCR product. This work provides evidence for the long-term repair of a specific dystrophin point mutation in muscle of a live animal using a chimeric oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bartlett
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA.
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Young PJ, Le TT, thi Man N, Burghes AH, Morris GE. The relationship between SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy protein, and nuclear coiled bodies in differentiated tissues and cultured cells. Exp Cell Res 2000; 256:365-74. [PMID: 10772809 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN, is a cytoplasmic protein that is also found in distinct nuclear structures called "gems." Gems are closely associated with nuclear coiled bodies and both may have a direct role in snRNP maturation and pre-RNA splicing. There has been some controversy over whether gems and coiled bodies colocalize or form adjacent/independent structures in HeLa and other cultured cells. Using a new panel of antibodies against SMN and antibodies against coilin-p80, a systematic and quantitative study of adult differentiated tissues has shown that gems always colocalize with coiled bodies. In some tissues, a small proportion of coiled bodies (<10%) had no SMN, but independent or adjacent gems were not found. The most striking observation, however, was that many cell types appear to have neither gems nor coiled bodies (e.g., cardiac and smooth muscle, blood vessels, stomach, and spleen) and this expression pattern is conserved across human, rabbit, and pig species. This shows that assembly of distinct nuclear bodies is not essential for RNA splicing and supports the view that they may be storage sites for reserves of essential proteins and snRNPs. Overexpression of SMN in COS-7 cells produced supernumerary nuclear bodies, most of which also contained coilin-p80, confirming the close relationship between gems and coiled bodies. However, when SMN is reduced to very low levels in type I SMA fibroblasts, coiled bodies are still formed. Overall, the data suggest that gem/coiled body formation is not determined by high cytoplasmic SMN concentrations or high metabolic activity alone and that a differentiation-specific factor may control their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Young
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, North East Wales Institute, Mold Road, Wrexham, LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
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Horrigan SK, Arbieva ZH, Xie HY, Kravarusic J, Fulton NC, Naik H, Le TT, Westbrook CA. Delineation of a minimal interval and identification of 9 candidates for a tumor suppressor gene in malignant myeloid disorders on 5q31. Blood 2000; 95:2372-7. [PMID: 10733509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletion or loss of chromosome 5 is frequent in malignant myeloid disorders, including myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was used to define a minimal deletion interval for this gene. Polymorphic markers on 5q31 were identified using a high-resolution physical and radiation hybrid breakpoint map and applied to a patient with AML with a subcytogenetic deletion of 5q. By comparing the DNA from leukemic cells to buccal mucosa cells, LOH was detected with markers D5S476 and D5S1372 with retention of flanking markers D5S500 to D5S594. The D5S500-D5S594 interval, which covers approximately 700 kb, thus represents a minimal localization for the tumor suppressor gene. Further refinement of the physical map enabled the specification of 9 transcription units within the encompassing radiation hybrid bins and 7 in flanking bins. The 9 candidates include genes CDC25, HSPA9, EGR1, CTNNA1, and 5 unknown ESTs. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirms that all of them are expressed in normal human bone marrow CD34(+) cells and in AML cell lines and thus represent likely candidates for the MDS-AML tumor suppressor gene at 5q31.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Horrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Monani UR, Sendtner M, Coovert DD, Parsons DW, Andreassi C, Le TT, Jablonka S, Schrank B, Rossoll W, Rossol W, Prior TW, Morris GE, Burghes AH. The human centromeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN2) rescues embryonic lethality in Smn(-/-) mice and results in a mouse with spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:333-9. [PMID: 10655541 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.3.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common motor neuron disease in humans and in its most severe form causes death by the age of 2 years. It is caused by defects in the telomeric survival motor neuron gene ( SMN1 ), but patients retain at least one copy of a highly homologous gene, centromeric SMN ( SMN2 ). Mice possess only one survival motor neuron gene ( Smn ) whose loss is embryonic lethal. Therefore, to obtain a mouse model of SMA we created transgenic mice that express human SMN2 and mated these onto the null Smn (-/-)background. We show that Smn (-/-); SMN2 mice carrying one or two copies of the transgene have normal numbers of motor neurons at birth, but vastly reduced numbers by postnatal day 5, and subsequently die. This closely resembles a severe type I SMA phenotype in humans and is the first report of an animal model of the disease. Eight copies of the transgene rescues this phenotype in the mice indicating that phenotypic severity can be modulated by SMN2 copy number. These results show that SMA is caused by insufficient SMN production by the SMN2 gene and that increased expression of the SMN2 gene may provide a strategy for treating SMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Monani
- Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Mohaghegh P, Rodrigues NR, Owen N, Ponting CP, Le TT, Burghes AH, Davies KE. Analysis of mutations in the tudor domain of the survival motor neuron protein SMN. Eur J Hum Genet 1999; 7:519-25. [PMID: 10439956 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive childhood onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading cause of infant mortality caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. The SMN protein is involved in RNA processing and is localised in structures called GEMs in the nucleus. Nothing is yet understood about why mutations in SMN gene result in the selective motor neuron loss observed in patients. The SMN protein domains conserved across several species may indicate functionally significant regions. Exon 3 of SMN contains homology to a tudor domain, where a Type I SMA patient has been reported to harbour a missense mutation. We have generated missense mutants in this region of SMN and have tested their ability to form GEMs when transfected into HeLa cells. Our results show such mutant SMN proteins still localise to GEMs. Furthermore, exon 7 deleted SMN protein appears to exert a dominant negative effect on localisation of endogenous SMN protein. However, exon 3 mutant protein and exon 5 deleted protein exert no such effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mohaghegh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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Lang J, Rongrre N, Plotkin S, Hoa DQ, Gioi NV, Le TT. Booster vaccination at 1 year with a rabies vaccine associated with DTP-IPV in infants living in a rabies endemic country. J Trop Pediatr 1999; 45:181-3. [PMID: 10401204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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45
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Prokhorov AV, Padgett DI, Wetter DW, Le TT, Kitsman HE. Spit tobacco intervention in dental practice: recommendations for clinicians. Tex Dent J 1998; 115:59-63. [PMID: 9667213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To address ST use effectively, awareness needs to be raised regarding its harmful affects and addictive nature. Clinicians can and should take a leadership role in the control of ST by addressing ST use with patients. The recommendations provide clinicians with practical tools and strategies for intervention with ST users and potential users. Although many of these strategies require training and time, it should be emphasized that even minimal intervention can be effective in combating ST use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Prokhorov
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, USA
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Kakumu S, Sato K, Morishita T, Trinh KA, Nguyen HB, Banh VD, Do HC, Nguyen HP, Nguyen VT, Le TT, Yamamoto N, Nakao H, Isomura S. Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infections in liver disease patients and inhabitants in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. J Med Virol 1998; 54:243-8. [PMID: 9557289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and GB virus C or hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infections was determined in 289 patients with liver disease in Ho Chi Minh City and 890 healthy inhabitants of its rural area, Dalat City, Vietnam, respectively. Serum HCV RNA and GBV-C/HGV RNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HBsAg, HCV antibodies, and GBV-C/HGV RNA were detected in 139 (47%), 69 (23%), and ten (3%) subjects, respectively, often accompanied by elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. HBsAg and HCV antibodies or HCV antibodies and GBV-C/HGV RNA were detectable simultaneously in 8% and 2% of the patients, respectively. In the inhabitants, HBsAg, HCV antibodies, and GBV-C/HGV RNA were found in 51 (5.7%), nine (1.0%), and 11 (1.2%) subjects, respectively. Thus, the prevalence of HBsAg, HCV antibodies, and GBV-C/HGV RNA was significantly higher in liver disease patients than those in the general population. In the samples from 69 patients and nine inhabitants who were seropositive for HCV antibodies, HCV RNA was detectable in 42 (61%) and 4 (44%), respectively. In patients with liver disease, ten belonged to HCV genotype 1a, ten to HCV 1b, three to HCV 2a, four to HCV 2b, and two to HCV 3a by PCR with genotype-specific primers. Nine patients had mixed genotypes, and the remaining four were not classified. Of the GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive individuals, two patients and two inhabitants were positive for HBsAg, while none of the residents had HCV antibodies, although six HCV antibodies (60%) and four HCV RNA (40%) were found in patients. When a phylogenetic tree of GBV-C/HGV was constructed based on the nucleotide sequences, the 21 isolates were classified into at least two genotypes; four isolates belonged to G2, and 17 to G3. The results indicate that in Ho Chi Minh HCV infection prevails with broad distribution of genotypes together with HBV infection among patients with liver disease. This study suggests that GBV-C/HGV infection occurs independently in the two different districts in association with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakumu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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Phan TT, Hughes MA, Cherry GW, Le TT, Pham HM. An aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum) (Eupolin) inhibits hydrated collagen lattice contraction by normal human dermal fibroblasts. J Altern Complement Med 1997; 2:335-43. [PMID: 9395667 DOI: 10.1089/acm.1996.2.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum) is used as a traditional medicine in Vietnam (Nghiem, 1992), where its Vietnamese common name is "co hoi." While it has been widely considered a weed by agriculturalists (Holm et al., 1991), the aqueous extract and the decoction from the leaves of this plant have been used throughout Vietnam for the treatment of soft tissue wounds, burn wounds, and skin infections. A number of clinical studies done by Vietnamese as well as foreign medical workers has demonstrated the efficacy of this extract on the wound-healing process. In this article, the effect of the Eupolin extract on hydrated collagen lattice contraction by human dermal fibroblasts, an in vitro model of wound contraction, is described. The significant inhibition of collagen gel contraction by Eupolin extract at 50 to 200 micrograms/ml is demonstrated in various concentrations of collagen. When the extract at 50 to 150 micrograms/ml was washed out of the lattices and replaced by fresh medium without Eupolin, the contraction of collagen by cells was resumed. The visualization of cells in the lattices by incubation in a tetrazolium salt for 2 h showed live cells at 50 to 150 micrograms/ml of extract. In contrast, all cells were killed in the higher extract doses of 300 or 400 micrograms/ml. These preliminary results showing the inhibitory effect of Eupolin extract on collagen contraction suggest that a clinical evaluation of its effect on wound contraction and scar quality should be made. This work illustrates that traditional remedies that are used by folk practitioners to improve healing can be examined in a scientific manner using in vitro wound-healing models. It could be that the synergistic properties of components of the natural extract contribute to the positive effects demonstrated on various wound-healing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Phan
- Wound Healing Institute, Churchill, Oxford, U.K
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Coovert DD, Le TT, McAndrew PE, Strasswimmer J, Crawford TO, Mendell JR, Coulson SE, Androphy EJ, Prior TW, Burghes AH. The survival motor neuron protein in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6:1205-14. [PMID: 9259265 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.8.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 38 kDa survival motor neuron (SMN) protein is encoded by two ubiquitously expressed genes: telomeric SMN (SMN(T)) and centromeric SMN (SMN(C)). Mutations in SMN(T), but not SMN(C), cause proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive disorder that results in loss of motor neurons. SMN is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The nuclear form is located in structures termed gems. Using a panel of anti-SMN antibodies, we demonstrate that the SMN protein is expressed from both the SMN(T) and SMN(C) genes. Western blot analysis of fibroblasts from SMA patients with various clinical severities of SMA showed a moderate reduction in the amount of SMN protein, particularly in type I (most severe) patients. Immunocytochemical analysis of SMA patient fibroblasts indicates a significant reduction in the number of gems in type I SMA patients and a correlation of the number of gems with clinical severity. This correlation to phenotype using primary fibroblasts may serve as a useful diagnostic tool in an easily accessible tissue. SMN is expressed at high levels in brain, kidney and liver, moderate levels in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and low levels in fibroblasts and lymphocytes. In SMA patients, the SMN level was moderately reduced in muscle and lymphoblasts. In contrast, SMN was expressed at high levels in spinal cord from normals and non-SMA disease controls, but was reduced 100-fold in spinal cord from type I patients. The marked reduction of SMN in type I SMA spinal cords is consistent with the features of this motor neuron disease. We suggest that disruption of SMN(T) in type I patients results in loss of SMN from motor neurons, resulting in the degeneration of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Coovert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-exposure vaccination against rabies generally simplifies treatment and could be especially beneficial to children in countries where the disease is enzootic. We studied the feasibility of administering to infants pre-exposure rabies vaccination with combined diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis, and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (DTP-IPV). METHODS 84 Vietnamese infants were randomly assigned to groups that received three doses of DTP-IPV vaccine at 2, 3, and 4 months of age alone (n = 43) or with two doses of purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) at 2 and 4 months (n = 41). The safety and immunogenicity data of the groups were compared. FINDINGS All infants in both groups developed protective antibody concentrations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio. All infants who received the PVRV vaccine developed protective antibody concentrations against rabies. No serious adverse effects were reported, nor did systemic reactions differ between groups. INTERPRETATION Administration of PVRV with DTP-IPV proved safe, and elicited what are presumed to be protective antibody concentrations to all antigens in all 41 infants. Confirmation of these results could lead to integration of pre-exposure rabies vaccination into Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) sessions in selected countries where rabies is enzootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lang
- Medical Department, Pasteur Mérieux Connaught, Lyon, France
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Yeh I, Tam CF, Catuira E, Le TT, Papa V, Pena L, Vasquez M, Vu C, Wang S, Lopez GA. Changes in various plasma lipid components, glucose, and insulin in Spermophilus lateralis during hibernation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1995; 111:651-63. [PMID: 8574926 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(95)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated fat mobilization as related to gluconeogenesis in two age groups of hibernating golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis). Our experimental group consisted of a total of 16 male and 15 female squirrels. Plasma samples were collected from selected animals being killed weekly from January to March, and the concentration of triglycerides, glycerol (GY), free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol, lipase activity, glucose, and insulin, were determined by biochemical assays and radioimmunoassay. Our results showed a mean FFA/GY ratio of five, which was higher than the predicted value of three, suggesting a significant depletion of GY and an enhanced rate of gluconeogenesis via GY to maintain glucose homeostasis in the hibernating animals. The factor of age did not significantly affect plasma lipid components. However, in the male group, plasma glucose levels were significantly higher for adults than for juveniles. Overall, females had significantly higher plasma glucose levels than males (150 +/- 11 vs. 110 +/- 8 mg%, P < 0.05). In the adult group, a gender influence was also seen on plasma insulin levels, with females' being higher than males' (66 +/- 13 vs. 25 +/- 3 microIU/ml, P < 0.01). We suggest that during hibernation, female squirrels may have a higher rate of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis along with a lower glucose utilization than their male counterparts. Additionally, adult females may exhibit a higher peripheral insulin resistance during hibernation than adult males, a possibility which merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yeh
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles 90032, USA
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