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Venturini C, Houldcroft CJ, Lazareva A, Wegner F, Morfopoulou S, Amrolia PJ, Golwala Z, Rao A, Marks SD, Simmonds J, Yoshikawa T, Farrell PJ, Cohen JI, Worth AJ, Breuer J. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) deletions as biomarkers of response to treatment of chronic active EBV. Br J Haematol 2021; 195:249-255. [PMID: 34431085 PMCID: PMC8589012 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a rare condition characterised by persistent EBV infection in previously healthy individuals. Defective EBV genomes were found in East Asian patients with CAEBV. In the present study, we sequenced 14 blood EBV samples from three UK patients with CAEBV, comparing the results with saliva CAEBV samples and other conditions. We observed EBV deletions in blood, some of which may disrupt viral replication, but not saliva in CAEBV. Deletions were lost overtime after successful treatment. These findings are compatible with CAEBV being associated with the evolution and persistence of EBV+ haematological clones that are lost on successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arina Lazareva
- Bone Marrow Transplantation DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Fanny Wegner
- Applied Microbiology ResearchDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselSwitzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and MycologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Persis J. Amrolia
- Bone Marrow Transplantation DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Zainab Golwala
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Anupama Rao
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Stephen D. Marks
- Department of Paediatric NephrologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Jacob Simmonds
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Paul J. Farrell
- Section of VirologyDepartment of Infectious DiseaseImperial College Faculty of MedicineLondonUK
| | - Jeffrey I. Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious DiseaseNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Austen J. Worth
- Department of ImmunologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustUK
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Rahman S, Wathington D, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Brenner N, Giuliano AR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex 2, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C and associated factors among a cohort of men ages 18-70 years from three countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253005. [PMID: 34157055 PMCID: PMC8219163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), herpes simplex type-2 (HSV2), hepatitis C (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nine human papilloma virus (HPV) types, and investigated factors associated with the seropositivity among men from three countries (Brazil, Mexico and U.S). Methods Archived serum specimens collected at enrollment for n = 600 men were tested for antibodies against CT, HSV2, HCV, EBV, and 9-valent HPV vaccine types (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) using multiplex serologic assays. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and sexual behavior data at enrollment were collected through a questionnaire. Results Overall, 39.3% of the men were seropositive for CT, 25.4% for HSV2, 1.3% for HCV, 97.3% for EBV, 14.0% for at least one of the seven oncogenic HPV (types: 16/18/31/33/45/52/58), and 17.4% for HPV 6/11. In the unadjusted models, age, race, smoking, sexual behavior variables, and seropositivity for high-risk HPV were significantly associated with the seropositivity for CT. In multivariable analyses, self-reported black race, higher numbers of lifetime female/male sexual partners, current smoking, and seropositivity to high-risk HPV were significantly associated with increased odds of CT seropositivity. Odds of HSV2 seroprevalence were elevated among older men and those seropositive for high risk HPV. Conclusion Exposure to STIs is common among men. Prevention and screening programs should target high-risk groups to reduce the disease burden among men, and to interrupt the disease transmission to sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Rahman
- Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Deanna Wathington
- Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Luisa L. Villa
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nicole Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen WJ, Xu WN, Wang HY, Chen XX, Li XQ, Xie SH, Lin DF, Cao SM. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a prospective seropositive population. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:651. [PMID: 34074258 PMCID: PMC8168313 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is considered a biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its long-term role in NPC development is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1363 participants seropositive for EBV VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA in a community-based NPC screening program in southern China were tested for plasma EBV DNA levels by real-time qPCR between 2008 and 2015. New NPC cases were confirmed by active follow-up approach and linkage to local cancer registry through the end of 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for NPC risk with plasma EBV DNA. RESULTS Thirty patients were newly diagnosed during a median 7.5 years follow-up. NPC incidence increased with the plasma EBV DNA load ranging from 281.46 to 10,074.47 per 100,000 person-years in participants with undetectable and ≥ 1000 copies/ml levels; the corresponding cumulative incidence rates were 1.73 and 50%. Furthermore, plasma EBV DNA loads conferred an independent risk for NPC development after adjustment for other risk factors, with HRs of 7.63 for > 3-999 copies/ml and 39.79 for ≥1000 copies/ml. However, the HRs decreased gradually after excluding NPC cases detected in the first 2 to 3 years and became statistically nonsignificant by excluding cases detected during the first 4 years. CONCLUSION Elevated plasma EBV DNA can predict NPC risk over 3 years. Monitoring plasma EBV DNA can be used as a complementary approach to EBV serological antibody-based screening for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Na Xu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Feng Lin
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Naresh K, Miraclin TA, Prabhakar AT, Mathew V, Sivadasan A, Moorthy M, Prakash JAJ, Mathews DA, Benjamin RN. Epstein-Barr virus infection in a woman with aquaporin-4 seropositive neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 356:577581. [PMID: 33940232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are characterised by pathological antibodies to aquaporin-4 water channels of astrocytes, resulting in severe brain and spinal cord injury. Serological evidence suggests that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation may contribute to their pathogenesis. We describe an unusual case of a woman with fever, rash and headache preceding an Aquaporin-4 antibody positive longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. EBV was detected in her cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction assay. This case highlights the potential role of EBV in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vivek Mathew
- Neurology, Christian Medial College Vellore, India
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Peravali R, Acharya S, Raza SH, Pattanaik D, Randall MB. Dermatomyositis Developed After Exposure to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Antibiotics Use. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:402-405. [PMID: 32591093 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disorder involving muscle and skin. Similar to many other autoimmune diseases, environmental factors appear to trigger the onset of disease in some cases. Many drugs have been reported to be associated with dermatomyositis, and rarely infections have been described as potential triggering agents. Here we are describing a case of dermatomyositis that developed after doxycycline and levofloxacin use, who also had recent Epstein-Barr virus infection. Dermatomyositis associated with doxycycline or levofloxacin use has not yet been described in the literature, while reports of dermatomyositis after Epstein-Barr virus infection have been rare and limited to juvenile dermatomyositis or in association with cancer. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this rare association so that the diagnosis and treatment can be exercised promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Peravali
- University of Tennessee Medical School, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Saurav Acharya
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Syed Hasan Raza
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Debendra Pattanaik
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Milton Barry Randall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Kuri A, Jacobs BM, Vickaryous N, Pakpoor J, Middeldorp J, Giovannoni G, Dobson R. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:912. [PMID: 32532296 PMCID: PMC7291753 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gamma-herpesvirus with which ~ 95% of the healthy population is infected. EBV infection has been implicated in a range of haematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Delayed primary EBV infection increases the risk of subsequent complications. Contemporaneous seroepidemiological data is needed to establish best approaches for successful vaccination strategies in the future. METHODS We conducted a sero-epidemiological survey using serum samples from 2325 individuals between 0 and 25 years old to assess prevalence of detectable anti-EBV antibodies. Second, we conducted a retrospective review of Hospital Episode Statistics to examine changes in Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) incidence over time. We then conducted a large case-control study of 6306 prevalent IM cases and 1,009,971 unmatched controls extracted from an East London GP database to determine exposures associated with IM. RESULTS 1982/2325 individuals (85.3%) were EBV seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased more rapidly in females than males during adolescence (age 10-15). Between 2002 and 2013, the incidence of IM (derived from hospital admissions data) increased. Exposures associated with an increased risk of IM were lower BMI, White ethnicity, and not smoking. CONCLUSIONS We report that overall EBV seroprevalence in the UK appears to have increased, and that a sharp increase in EBV seropositivity is seen in adolescent females, but not males. The incidence of IM requiring hospitalisation is increasing. Exposures associated with prevalent IM in a diverse population include white ethnicity, lower BMI, and never-smoking, and these exposures interact with each other. Lastly, we provide pilot evidence suggesting that antibody responses to vaccine and commonly encountered pathogens do not appear to be diminished among EBV-seronegative individuals. Our findings could help to inform vaccine study designs in efforts to prevent IM and late complications of EBV infection, such as Multiple Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvin Kuri
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikki Vickaryous
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Julia Pakpoor
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaap Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Hu Z, Zheng X, Zeng W, Wang H, Yang H, Fan Y. Dynamically Expressed miR-BART16 Functions as a Suppressor of CAND1 in Infectious Mononucleosis Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus in Children. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:371-377. [PMID: 32581028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MiR-BART16 is a newly discovered Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded microRNA (miRNA). We aimed to explore the role of EBV-miR-BART16 in infectious mononucleosis (IM). METHODS Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in 30 IM and 10 healthy children by flow cytometry. MiR-BART16 and its targets were measured by real-time PCR, western blot, ELISA, and dual-luciferase assay. RESULTS Serum miR-BART16 expression was significantly higher in the IM children than that in the healthy children, and was positively correlated with EBV copy number. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed serum miR-BART16 could differentiate IM and healthy individuals (P=0.0041). CAND1 was targeted and downregulated by miR-BART16 in an EBV infection-dependent way. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that EBV-miR-BART16 plays an important role in regulating the expression of CAND1 to affect pediatric IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanjie Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yisun Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
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Gianella S, Moser C, Vitomirov A, McKhann A, Layman L, Scott B, Caballero G, Lada S, Bosch RJ, Hoenigl M, Lurain N, Landay A, Lederman MM, Hunt PW, Smith D. Presence of asymptomatic cytomegalovirus and Epstein--Barr virus DNA in blood of persons with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy is associated with non-AIDS clinical events. AIDS 2020; 34:849-857. [PMID: 32271250 PMCID: PMC7239326 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even with antiretroviral therapy (ART), persons with HIV (PWH) experience increased morbidity and mortality. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein--Barr virus (EBV) co-infections likely exacerbate inflammatory-related diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine if presence of detectable CMV or EBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is associated with non-AIDS events among PWH receiving modern ART. DESIGN We performed a case--control study of PWH starting ART and HIV-suppressed at year 1 and thereafter, 140 cases who experienced non-AIDS events and 305 matched controls. Events included myocardial infarction, stroke, malignancy, serious bacterial infection or death. METHODS Blood samples were studied pre-ART, 1-year post-ART and pre-event. Controls had an event-free follow-up equal or greater than cases. CMV and EBV DNA levels were measured in PBMC. Conditional logistic regression analysis assessed associations and adjusted for relevant covariates; Spearman's correlations compared CMV and EBV DNA levels with other biomarkers. RESULTS CMV DNA was detected in PBMC of 25% of participants, EBV DNA was detected in more than 90%. Higher EBV DNA levels were associated with increased risk of events at all time points (odds ratio (OR) per one IQR = 1.5-1.7, all P < 0.009). At year 1, detectable CMV DNA was associated with increased risk of events in most adjusted models (OR = 1.4-1.8, P values ranging 0.03-0.17). Higher levels of CMV and EBV DNA correlated with multiple inflammatory markers and lower CD4/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSION In PWH starting ART, detection of CMV and EBV DNA in PBMC was associated with development of non-AIDS events. Clinical trials will be needed to understand causal mechanisms and ways to interrupt them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gianella
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlee Moser
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashley McKhann
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Layman
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Scott
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven Lada
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nell Lurain
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Peter W. Hunt
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Davey Smith
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common pathogens of respiratory infection in children, while Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is usually subclinical in immunocompetent children. Although single MP infection is common enough, MP and EBV coinfection have received little attention. Especially, the pathogenic role of EBV in lung when coinfection with MP, has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of EBV on MP pneumonia (MPP) in hospitalized children. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of MPP children who underwent screening for EBV by polymerase chain reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during hospitalization in 2014. Of total 147 patients, 68 patients were in the MP group and 79 were in the MP/EBV coinfection group. We found longer fever duration and higher CRP, IgA, IgG, interleukin-2 (IL-2), percentage of peripheral neutrophils levels, higher incidence of pulmonary consolidation and percentage of refractory MPP in coinfection group, when compared to those in MP group. In ROC curve analysis, IL-2 was useful for differentiating patients with coinfection from those with MP infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that the IL-2 ≥ 3.35 pg/ml (OR = 3.677) was a significant predictor regarding to MP/EBV coinfection. In conclusion, coinfection of EBV and MP poses a higher risk for prolonged symptoms. IL-2 could be used as a good predictor of coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Xu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
| | - Junfen Zhou
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenling
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingshuo Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou
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Dworzański J, Strycharz-Dudziak M, Kliszczewska E, Kiełczykowska M, Dworzańska A, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 infected with Epstein-Barr virus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230374. [PMID: 32210468 PMCID: PMC7094858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is suggested to be the crucial factor in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) pathogenesis and in the development of diabetic complications. Patients with DM2 may be more susceptible to infections due to hyperglycaemia-induced virulence of various microorganisms. Several studies pointed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or activation of signalling pathways connected with ROS. The present study analyzed serum activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DM2 patients with and without EBV infection. Blood and saliva were collected from 120 patients with DM2. EBV DNA was detected in the saliva using nested-PCR technique. Spectrophotometric methods were implemented to determine serum GPx and SOD activity with the use of diagnostic kits produced by Randox Laboratories. GPx and SOD activity was decreased in diabetic patients, with the lowest values in DM2 EBV-positive patients. There was correlation between GPx and SOD activity-with increased value of GPx, SOD activity was also rised. In patients with DM2 history longer than 10 years as well as in DM2 patients with obesity, antioxidant enzymes activity was decreased. Determination of examined parameters may be useful in diabetic patients with EBV infection and could be important prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Kliszczewska
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Information Technology and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Camargo MC, Kim KM, Matsuo K, Torres J, Liao LM, Morgan D, Michel A, Waterboer T, Song M, Gulley ML, Dominguez RL, Yatabe Y, Kim S, Cortes-Martinez G, Lissowska J, Zabaleta J, Pawlita M, Rabkin CS. Circulating Antibodies against Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and p53 in EBV-Positive and -Negative Gastric Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:414-419. [PMID: 31719065 PMCID: PMC8272980 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric cancers have clinicopathologic differences from EBV-negative tumors and lack TP53 mutation. Serologic profiles may inform viral contribution to carcinogenesis. METHODS We compared humoral responses of EBV-positive (n = 67) and EBV-negative (n = 137) patients with gastric cancer from the International EBV-Gastric Cancer Consortium. Serum antibodies against four EBV proteins, nuclear (EBNA), viral capsid (VCA), early-diffuse (EA-D), and Zta replication activator (ZEBRA), and to p53 were assessed by multiplex assays. OR of antibody level tertiles (T1-T3) were adjusted by logistic regression. We also conducted a meta-analysis of reported anti-p53 seropositivity in gastric cancer. RESULTS Consistent with EBV's ubiquity, 99% of patients were seropositive for anti-EBNA and 98% for anti-VCA, without difference by tumor EBV status. Seropositivity varied between patients with EBV-positive and EBV-negative tumors for anti-EA-D (97% vs. 67%, respectively, P < 0.001) and anti-ZEBRA (97% vs. 85%, respectively, P = 0.009). Adjusted ORs (vs. T1) for patients with EBV-positive versus EBV-negative tumors were significantly elevated for higher antibodies against EBNA (2.6 for T2 and 13 for T3), VCA (1.8 for T2 and 2.4 for T3), EA-D (6.0 for T2 and 44 for T3), and ZEBRA (4.6 for T2 and 12 for T3). Antibodies to p53 were inversely associated with EBV positivity (3% vs. 15%; adjusted OR = 0.16, P = 0.021). Anti-p53 prevalence from the literature was 15%. CONCLUSIONS These serologic patterns suggest viral reactivation in EBV-positive cancers and identify variation of p53 seropositivity by subtype. IMPACT Anti-EBV and anti-p53 antibodies are differentially associated with tumor EBV positivity. Serology may identify EBV-positive gastric cancer for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Douglas Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Margaret L Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ricardo L Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Western Regional Hospital, Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gustavo Cortes-Martinez
- Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital de Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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12
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Montgomery ND, Randall C, Painschab M, Seguin R, Kaimila B, Kasonkanji E, Zuze T, Krysiak R, Sanders MK, Elliott A, Miller MB, Kampani C, Chimzimu F, Mulenga M, Damania B, Tomoka T, Fedoriw Y, Dittmer DP, Gopal S. High pretreatment plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA level is a poor prognostic marker in HIV-associated, EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Malawi. Cancer Med 2020; 9:552-561. [PMID: 31782984 PMCID: PMC6970037 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA measurement has established prognostic utility in EBV-driven lymphomas, where it serves as a circulating tumor DNA marker. The value of plasma EBV measurement may be amplified in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where advanced imaging and molecular technologies for risk stratification are not typically available. However, its utility in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is less certain, given that only a subset of DLBCLs are EBV-positive. To explore this possibility, we measured plasma EBV DNA at diagnosis in a cohort of patients with DLBCL in Malawi. High plasma EBV DNA at diagnosis (≥3.0 log10 copies/mL) was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (P = .048). When stratified by HIV status, the prognostic utility of baseline plasma EBV DNA level was restricted to HIV-positive patients. Unexpectedly, most HIV-positive patients with high plasma EBV DNA at diagnosis had EBV-negative lymphomas, as confirmed by multiple methods. Even in these HIV-positive patients with EBV-negative DLBCL, high plasma EBV DNA remained associated with shorter OS (P = .014). These results suggest that EBV reactivation in nontumor cells is a poor prognostic finding even in HIV-positive patients with convincingly EBV-negative DLBCL, extending the potential utility of EBV measurement as a valuable and implementable prognostic marker in SSA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- DNA, Viral/blood
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- HIV/isolation & purification
- HIV Infections/blood
- HIV Infections/complications
- HIV Infections/diagnosis
- HIV Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/mortality
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Malawi/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- UNC Project‐MalawiLilongweMalawi
| | - Cara Randall
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- UNC Project‐MalawiLilongweMalawi
| | - Matthew Painschab
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- UNC Project‐MalawiLilongweMalawi
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & OncologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia K. Sanders
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | - Melissa B. Miller
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | | | | | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- UNC Project‐MalawiLilongweMalawi
| | - Dirk P. Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Satish Gopal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- UNC Project‐MalawiLilongweMalawi
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & OncologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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13
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Winter JR, Taylor GS, Thomas OG, Jackson C, Lewis JEA, Stagg HR. Predictors of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus in young people in England. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1007. [PMID: 31779585 PMCID: PMC6883578 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human pathogen which causes lifelong infection of > 90% people globally and is linked to infectious mononucleosis (arising from infection in the later teenage years) and several types of cancer. Vaccines against EBV are in development. In order to determine the most cost-effective public health strategy for vaccine deployment, setting-specific data on the age at EBV acquisition and risk factors for early infection are required. Such data are also important to inform mathematical models of EBV transmission that can determine the required target product profile of vaccine characteristics. We thus aimed to examine risk factors for EBV infection in young people in England, in order to improve our understanding of EBV epidemiology and guide future vaccination strategies. METHODS The Health Survey for England (HSE) is an annual, cross-sectional representative survey of households in England during which data are collected via questionnaires and blood samples. We randomly selected individuals who participated in the HSE 2002, aiming for 25 participants of each sex in each single year age group from 11 to 24 years. Stored samples were tested for EBV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies. We undertook descriptive and regression analyses of EBV seroprevalence and risk factors for infection. RESULTS Demographic data and serostatus were available for 732 individuals. EBV seroprevalence was strongly associated with age, increasing from 60.4% in 11-14 year olds throughout adolescence (68.6% in 15-18 year olds) and stabilising by early adulthood (93.0% in those aged 22-24 years). In univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, ethnicity was associated with serostatus (adjusted odds ratio for seropositivity among individuals of other ethnicity versus white individuals 2.33 [95% confidence interval 1.13-4.78]). Smoking was less strongly associated with EBV seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS By the age of 11 years, EBV infection is present in over half the population, although age is not the only factor associated with serostatus. Knowledge of the distribution of infection in the UK population is critical for determining future vaccination policies, e.g. comparing general versus selectively targeted vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne R Winter
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham S Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olivia G Thomas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Jackson
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Current address: MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna E A Lewis
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling Methodology, and Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen R Stagg
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Peng H, Li Z, Long Y, Li J, Liu Z, Zhou R. Clinical value of a plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA assay in the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190691. [PMID: 31484795 PMCID: PMC6753325 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the diagnostic value of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with locoregional or distant recurrence. METHODS Articles related to the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic NPC by the detection of EBV DNA in plasma or serum were retrieved from different databases. Sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, and likelihood ratios were pooled to assess the diagnostic value of individual diagnostic tests. RESULTS This meta-analysis pooled 25 eligible studies including 2496 patients with NPC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) of EBV DNA in the diagnosis of NPC were 0.858 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.801-0.901), 0.890 (95% CI: 0.866-0.909), 7.782 (95% CI: 6.423-9.429) and 0.159 (95% CI: 0.112-0.226), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 48.865 (95% CI: 31.903-74.845). The SROC for EBV DNA detection was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90-0.95). CONCLUSION The detection of EBV DNA for the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic NPC has good sensitivity and specificity and might be helpful in monitoring recurrent or metastatic NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhanzhan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yujiao Long
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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15
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Pyzik A, Grywalska E, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B, Ludian J, Kiszczak-Bochyńska E, Smoleń A, Roliński J, Pyzik D. Does the Epstein-Barr Virus Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133145. [PMID: 31252621 PMCID: PMC6650880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) it the most common chronic organ-specific thyroid disorder without a fully recognized etiology. The pathogenesis of the disease accounts for an interaction between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The most important environmental factors include viral and bacterial infections. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common latent human viruses. Literature has suggested its role in the development of certain allergic and autoimmune diseases. EBV also exhibits oncogenic properties. The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the presence of EBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with newly recognized GD and to find a correlation between EBV infection and the clinical picture of GD. The study included 39 untreated patients with newly diagnosed GD and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers who were gender and age matched. EBV DNA was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay. The studies showed a significantly higher incidence of EBV copies in PBMCs among GD patients compared to the control group. Whereas, no significant correlations were found between the incidence of EBV copies and the evaluated clinical parameters. Our results suggest a probable role of EBV in GD development. EBV infection does not affect the clinical picture of Graves’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pyzik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Jarosław Ludian
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Agata Smoleń
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Pyzik
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Center of Oncology in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Goscé L, Winter JR, Taylor GS, Lewis JEA, Stagg HR. Modelling the dynamics of EBV transmission to inform a vaccine target product profile and future vaccination strategy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9290. [PMID: 31243321 PMCID: PMC6594949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common human viruses and the cause of pathologies such as infectious mononucleosis (IM) and certain cancers. No vaccine against EBV infection currently exists, but such vaccines are in development. Knowledge of how EBV is transmitted at the population level is critical to the development of target product profiles (TPPs) for such vaccines and future vaccination strategies. We present the first mathematical model of EBV transmission, parameterised using data from England, and use it to compare hypothetical prophylactic vaccines with different characteristics and the impact of vaccinating different age groups. We found that vaccine duration had more impact than vaccine efficacy on modelled EBV and IM prevalence. The age group vaccinated also had an important effect: vaccinating at a younger age led to a greater reduction in seroprevalence but an increase in IM cases associated with delayed infection. Vaccination had impact on cancer incidence only in the long run, because in England most EBV-related cancers arise in later life. Durability of protection should be a key factor to prioritise in EBV vaccine development and included in vaccine TPPs. These findings are timely and important for vaccine developers and policy-makers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Goscé
- University College London, Institute for Global Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Joanne R Winter
- University College London, Institute for Global Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Graham S Taylor
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joanna E A Lewis
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, School of Public Health, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Helen R Stagg
- University College London, Institute for Global Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Peng L, Yang Y, Guo R, Mao Y, Xu C, Chen Y, Sun Y, Ma J, Tang L. Relationship between pretreatment concentration of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and tumor burden in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An updated interpretation. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5988-5998. [PMID: 30378277 PMCID: PMC6308091 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pretreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA is an important tumor marker and prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma EBV DNA level and tumor burden. Materials and Methods Pretreatment tumor burden was measured by radiologically delineated volumes, including nasopharynx tumor volume (GTVnx) and malignant nodes volume (GTVnd); pretreatment level of plasma EBV DNA was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between natural logarithm of EBV DNA (ln‐DNA) and square root of tumor volume (sq‐GTV) was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficient. Correlations in subgroups of tumor and nodal stages were also analyzed. A linear regression model was constructed to evaluate the contribution of tumor volumes to plasma EBV DNA. The prognostic effects of EBV DNA independent of tumor burden were evaluated. Results Two thousand two hundred and forty nine nonmetastatic NPC patients with detectable plasma EBV DNA were included in correlation analyses. Ln‐DNA showed significant correlation with sq‐GTVnx (r = 0.171) and sq‐GTVnd (r = 0.339) separately. Together, sq‐GTVnx and sq‐GTVnd could only explain 12.9% of the ln‐DNA. Tumor and nodal stages of disease could clearly influence the strength of relationship in subgroup analysis. After excluding confounding volume information, EBV DNA still can predict death and distant metastasis, but not locoregional relapse. Conclusion This study suggests that plasma EBV DNA is not only an index of tumor burden, but may also reflect other tumor features, such as accessibility to circulation, angiogenesis, tumor cell kinetics, metabolic activity, and metastatic potential, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical OncologyGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Pei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Long Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
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18
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Sohn MJ, Cho JM, Moon JS, Ko JS, Yang HR. EBV VCA IgM and cytomegalovirus IgM dual positivity is a false positive finding related to age and hepatic involvement of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12380. [PMID: 30235701 PMCID: PMC6160097 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is common in childhood, and dual positivity of serum EBV IgM and cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM antibodies occur in some cases. This study aimed to evaluate the cause of EBV and CMV IgM dual positivity to determine whether it represents a false-positive finding or a true coinfection.A total of 494 children diagnosed with primary EBV infection, manifesting as infectious mononucleosis, were recruited. The diagnosis was based on positive EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM antibodies, and serum CMV IgM antibodies and liver enzymes were also evaluated in 149 subjects.Of 149 children with primary EBV infection, 40 (26.8%) had serum EBV VCA IgM and CMV IgM dual positivity. However, true CMV infection was confirmed only in 1 child of 40 (2.5%) who was positive for both serum CMV Ag and urine CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and negative for serum CMV IgG antibody. Among the children with primary EBV infection, the rate of dual positivity was higher in infants and lower in adolescents (P = .013). Liver enzymes were more significantly elevated in children with dual positivity than in those with negative results for CMV IgM antibodies (P = .026), which correlated with the serum EBV and CMV IgM titers.Serum EBV and CMV IgM dual positivity are more prevalent in children with primary EBV infection than what was previously reported. Our results indicate that serum EBV and CMV IgM dual positivity represents a false-positive finding, as opposed to an actual CMV coinfection, possibly due to antigenic cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - Jin Min Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Kuusela E, Kouri VP, Olkkonen J, Koivuniemi R, Äyräväinen L, Rajamäki K, Valleala H, Nordström D, Leirisalo-Repo M, Ainola M, Eklund KK. Serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA, detected by droplet digital PCR, correlates with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36:778-784. [PMID: 29600942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of asymptomatic activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to analyse the correlation of serum EBV DNA with the disease activity. METHODS The level of EBV DNA was determined by droplet digital PCR assay from the serum of 46 DMARD naive early RA (ERA) and 22 chronic RA (CRA)-patients at study onset. Follow-up samples from 31 ERA and 16 CRA patients were obtained after starting or modifying the anti-rheumatic treatment. EBV DNA was also measured from 33 healthy controls and 9 patients with adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). Disease activity was assessed by the disease activity score (DAS28). RESULTS At baseline, EBV DNA was detected in the serum of 7 of the 46 ERA patients all of whom had moderate or high disease activity. In the follow-up samples, 11 of 31 patients were EBV DNA positive. At baseline EBV positive patients had significantly higher disease activity (p=0.036) and the concentration of EBV DNA correlated significantly with DAS28 (rs=0.333, p=0.024). EBV DNA was detected in 3 of 22 CRA patients at study onset and in 8 of 16 in the follow-up samples. At follow-up EBV positive patients had significantly higher DAS28 (p=0.027) and the concentration of EBV DNA correlated significantly with DAS28 (rs=0.724, p=0.002). Only one of the healthy controls and none of the AOSD patients were positive for EBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS Active RA is associated with a lytic EBV infection which may have a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kuusela
- University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Riitta Koivuniemi
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Leena Äyräväinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heikki Valleala
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Dan Nordström
- Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Mari Ainola
- University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, and ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Kraal LJN, Nijland ML, Germar KL, Baeten DLP, ten Berge IJM, Fehres CM. Anti-citrullinated protein antibody response after primary EBV infection in kidney transplant patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197219. [PMID: 29746558 PMCID: PMC5945038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of synovial joints, characterized by the presence of the highly disease-specific anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in approximately 70% of patients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has previously been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of RA. However, given the high incidence of EBV in the general population and the difficulty of detecting initial infection, providing a direct link between EBV infection and RA development has remained elusive. We hypothesized that primary EBV infection may be a trigger for the development of the ACPA response in vivo. Using a unique cohort of 26 kidney transplant patients with a primary EBV infection, the presence of ACPA before and following infection was determined. No increase in IgG anti-CCP2 titers was detected following EBV infection. IgG anti-CCP2 antibodies were present in two patients and borderline positive in another. These three patients were HLA-DR4 negative. To test whether EBV infection may trigger a non-class switched anti-CCP2 response, IgM anti-CCP2 antibodies were analyzed. No general trend in the IgM anti-CCP2 response was observed following EBV infection. Since two out of the three IgG anti-CCP2 (borderline) positive patients were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy, 23 additional IgA nephropathy patients were tested for IgG anti-CCP2, regardless of their EBV status. All of these patients were IgG anti-CCP2 negative, indicating that IgG anti-CCP2 is not commonly present in IgA nephropathy patients. Collectively, these data do not support the hypothesis that EBV does trigger the highly RA specific ACPA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne J. N. Kraal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke L. Nijland
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristine L. Germar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L. P. Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke J. M. ten Berge
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia M. Fehres
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center/ University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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21
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McHugh D, Caduff N, Barros MHM, Rämer PC, Raykova A, Murer A, Landtwing V, Quast I, Styles CT, Spohn M, Fowotade A, Delecluse HJ, Papoudou-Bai A, Lee YM, Kim JM, Middeldorp J, Schulz TF, Cesarman E, Zbinden A, Capaul R, White RE, Allday MJ, Niedobitek G, Blackbourn DJ, Grundhoff A, Münz C. Persistent KSHV Infection Increases EBV-Associated Tumor Formation In Vivo via Enhanced EBV Lytic Gene Expression. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:61-73.e7. [PMID: 28704654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The human tumor viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establish persistent infections in B cells. KSHV is linked to primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and 90% of PELs also contain EBV. Studies on persistent KSHV infection in vivo and the role of EBV co-infection in PEL development have been hampered by the absence of small animal models. We developed mice reconstituted with human immune system components as a model for KSHV infection and find that EBV/KSHV dual infection enhanced KSHV persistence and tumorigenesis. Dual-infected cells displayed a plasma cell-like gene expression pattern similar to PELs. KSHV persisted in EBV-transformed B cells and was associated with lytic EBV gene expression, resulting in increased tumor formation. Evidence of elevated lytic EBV replication was also found in EBV/KSHV dually infected lymphoproliferative disorders in humans. Our data suggest that KSHV augments EBV-associated tumorigenesis via stimulation of lytic EBV replication.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coinfection
- Cytokines/blood
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, Viral/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/blood
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/etiology
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/virology
- Mice
- Neoplasms/virology
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen/virology
- Survival Rate
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal McHugh
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick C Rämer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Raykova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Landtwing
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isaak Quast
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine T Styles
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Spohn
- Virus Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adeola Fowotade
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | - Yong-Moon Lee
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaap Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover and German Centre of Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccarda Capaul
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert E White
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin J Allday
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Adam Grundhoff
- Virus Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Luo L, Wang H, Fan H, Xie J, Qiu Z, Li T. The clinical characteristics and the features of immunophenotype of peripheral lymphocytes of adult onset chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Beijing. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9854. [PMID: 29489682 PMCID: PMC5851729 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare disease with high mortality. Most of CAEBV patients have been reported from Japan and are pediatric cases.The goal was to describe the clinical characteristics and the immunophenotypic features of peripheral lymphocytes in adult onset CAEBV patients.We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed all adult onset CAEBV cases admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between 2012 and 2016. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, and the immunophentyping data of peripheral lymphocytes were collected.There were 28 adult onset CAEBV patients. The median age was 45 (range, 20-81). Most of the patients presented with fever; splenomegaly; lymphadenopathy and hepatitis. Unlike pediatric cases reported, the manifestations of cardiovascular diseases in our patients were pulmonary arterial hypertension, decreased cardiac function and aorta vasculitis. Prevalence of interstitial pneumonitis in our patients were comparatively higher and prevalence of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites were comparatively lower than that reported by Japan. In this study, CAEBV patients had decreased B cell, NK cell, CD4 cell and CD8 cell counts. The prevalence of low level of B cells, NK cells, CD4 cells was relatively higher than reported ever.Chinese adult onset CAEBV patients have different clinical characteristics and are featured by an immunosuppression status as demonstrated by decreased B cell, NK cell, CD4 cell and CD8 cell.
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Beader N, Kolarić B, Slačanac D, Tabain I, Vilibić-Čavlek T. Seroepidemiological Study of Epstein-Barr Virus in Different Population Groups in Croatia. Isr Med Assoc J 2018; 20:86-90. [PMID: 29431301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common viruses found in humans, causing lifelong infection in up to 95% of the world population. OBJECTIVES To analyze the seroprevalence of EBV infection in different population groups in Croatia. METHODS During a 2 year period (2015-2016), a total of 2022 consecutive serum samples collected from Croatian residents were tested for the presence of EBV-specific viral capsid antigen (VCA) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. IgM/IgG-positive samples were further tested for IgG avidity. RESULTS The overall prevalence of EBV IgG antibodies was 91.4%. Females had significantly higher IgG seroprevalence than males (93.1% vs. 89.9%, P = 0.008). According to age, IgG seropositivity increased progressively from 59.6% in children age < 9 years to 98.3% in 30-39 year olds, and remained stable thereafter (P < 0.001). The IgG seroprevalence differed significantly among groups: 68.1% in children/adolescents and 95.9% in adults; multiple sclerosis (100%), hemodialysis patients (97.7%), heart transplant recipients (93.8%), hematological malignancies (91.2%), and Crohn's disease (88.5%), P < 0.001. IgM antibodies were detected in 9% of participants. Using IgG avidity, recent primary EBV infection was documented in 83.8% of IgM-positive subjects < 9 years old, 69.2% age 10-19, 33.3% age 20-29, and 3.6-4.2% > 40. All IgM positive participants > 40 years showed high IgG avidity. Logistic regression showed that age is associated with EBV IgG seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS EBV is widespread in the Croatian population. Older age appears to be the main risk factor for EBV seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Beader
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Kolarić
- Department for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Epidemiology, Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb Croatia
| | - Domagoj Slačanac
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Virology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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24
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Okuyama S, Terada T, Kumagai H, Tsumanuma R, Omoto E, Ueki T, Yanagawa N, Maeda K, Tajima K. Epstein-Barr virus clonality and plasmacytosis in a patient with atypical angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2017; 97:537-539. [PMID: 29189897 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Clone Cells/virology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/blood
- Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis
- Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/pathology
- Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/virology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/virology
- Male
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/virology
- Plasma Cells/pathology
- Plasma Cells/virology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Okuyama
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Taichi Terada
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumagai
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Riko Tsumanuma
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Eijiro Omoto
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Maeda
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tajima
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan.
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25
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26
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Gurtsevitch VE, Senyuta NB, Ignatova AV, Lomaya MV, Kondratova VN, Pavlovskaya AI, Dushenkina TE, Maximovich DM, Smirnova KV, Mudunov AM, Lichtenstein AV. Epstein-Barr virus biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in non-endemic regions. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2118-2127. [PMID: 28786806 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a key role in the development of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (uNPC). In uNPC endemic regions EBV-specific antibodies and plasma EBV DNA load are used as markers for the early detection of uNPC and monitoring of the disease. In non-endemic regions, such studies were practically not conducted. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical significance of EBV serological markers and plasma EBV DNA levels for uNPC patients in a non-endemic region, Russia. The results obtained indicate that both viral capsid antigen/immunoglobulin A (VCA/IgA) antibodies and plasma EBV DNA copies can effectively be used for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) diagnosis. Besides, plasma EBV DNA load was found to be a more sensitive marker of uNPC than VCA/IgA antibody titres, as it reflected the effect of the therapy in stages of remission and relapse of the disease more precisely. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that the simultaneous use of plasma EBV DNA loads and VCA/IgA antibody levels are indispensable markers for uNPC in non-endemic regions: a serological marker can be more effectively used for NPC screening, but EBV DNA copies are better for monitoring the disease. However, both markers turned out to be practically unsuitable for assessing the clinical status of patients. Serological markers did not correlate with any signs of the tumour process estimated by tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) classification and the plasma EBV DNA loads correlated only with the size of the pathologically altered lymph nodes (N). Additional study is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Gurtsevitch
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - N B Senyuta
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Ignatova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Lomaya
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Kondratova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Pavlovskaya
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - T E Dushenkina
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Maximovich
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Smirnova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Mudunov
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Lichtenstein
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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27
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Queiroz RM, Lauar LZ, Miyake CH, Abud LG, Oliveira RGGD. Acute Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis in an immunocompetent adolescent patient. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2017; 75:489-490. [PMID: 28746439 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20170080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Mendes Queiroz
- Hospital São Lucas, MED - Medicina Diagnóstica, Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil
| | - Lara Zupelli Lauar
- Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Hospital das Clínicas, Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil
| | - Cecília Hissae Miyake
- Hospital São Lucas, MED - Medicina Diagnóstica, Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil
- Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Hospital das Clínicas, Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil
| | - Lucas Giansante Abud
- Hospital São Lucas, MED - Medicina Diagnóstica, Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil
- Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Hospital das Clínicas, Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brasil
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28
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Leo M, Maggi F, Dottore GR, Casini G, Mazzetti P, Pistello M, Sellari-Franceschini S, Nardi M, Vitti P, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Graves' orbitopathy, idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and Epstein-Barr virus infection: a serological and molecular study. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:499-503. [PMID: 27987077 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the hypotheses on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO), involves bacterial or viral infections. Recently, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (IOIP) in Asians. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of GO with EBV infection/exposure, as compared with IOIP, using serum and tissue samples, as well as primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts. METHODS Thirty-one patients were studied, including four with IOIP, ten with GO, nine with GD without GO and eight control patients without IOIP, GD and GO. All patients with IOIP and GO underwent orbital decompression. Control patients underwent palpebral surgery. Fibroadipose orbital tissue samples were collected. Serum anti-EBV antibodies were measured in all patients. EBV-DNA was measured in blood samples, orbital tissue samples and primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts. RESULTS Serum assays showed that the vast majority of patients have had a previous exposure to EBV, but no one had an acute infection. EBV-DNA was detected in ~40% of blood samples from GO, GD and control patients, but in none of the IOIP samples. EBV-DNA was not detected in any of the orbital tissue samples tested or in primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS EBV infection does not seem to be associated with GD, GO and IOIP in Caucasians. Whether EBV is involved in IOIP in Asians or other populations remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Maggi
- Division of Virology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G R Dottore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Mazzetti
- Division of Virology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pistello
- Division of Virology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sellari-Franceschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, ENT Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Nardi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Fourcade G, Germi R, Guerber F, Lupo J, Baccard M, Seigneurin A, Semenova T, Morand P, Epaulard O. Evolution of EBV seroprevalence and primary infection age in a French hospital and a city laboratory network, 2000-2016. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175574. [PMID: 28414725 PMCID: PMC5393566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to rare studies, the age at EBV primary infection (PI) has recently risen in some developed countries. A later age at infection is generally considered a risk factor for severe EBV PI, although few studies exist on this subject. Our investigation aimed to determine whether EBV seroprevalence and EBV PI epidemiology have evolved in France, and to what extent age and infection intensity (regarding biological parameters) are correlated. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective study of the following EBV serological tests databases: tests carried out at Grenoble University Hospital (2000-2016) (n = 53,553); and tests carried out by a network of city laboratories in Grenoble area (2008-2015) (n = 27,485). The hospital population showed a continuous, significant decrease in EBV seroprevalence over the studied period for patients aged 20 and over (p<0.01). The seroprevalence also decreased for different age classes (<10, 15-19, 20-30, and 30-40 years old) over the periods 2001-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2015. Consistently, the age at PI was significantly higher in the years 2008-2015 than in the years 2001-2007 (15.6±12.0 vs. 13.7±11.0; p = 0.03). The city laboratory population showed the same trend of decreasing seroprevalence (p = 0.06); no significant variations in age at PI were observed. The age at PI was positively correlated with ASAT, ALAT, γGT, and bilirubin blood levels (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with platelet counts (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In the last 15 years, the age at EBV PI has increased, whereas seroprevalence has decreased. Moreover, our findings confirm the positive correlation between age and biological abnormalities. Taken together, these results suggest that the incidence of severe EBV PI will increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Fourcade
- Infectious Disease Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Raphaele Germi
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Team “HIV and other persistent human viruses”, Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julien Lupo
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Team “HIV and other persistent human viruses”, Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Monique Baccard
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Seigneurin
- Unité d'évaluation médicale, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Grenoble, France
| | - Touyana Semenova
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Morand
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Team “HIV and other persistent human viruses”, Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Infectious Disease Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Fédération d’Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l’Arc Alpin, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Team “HIV and other persistent human viruses”, Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Popov М, Lyadova Т, Volobuyeva О, Shepileva N, Kozlov А, Sorokina О. CYTOKINE PRODUCTION PECULIARITIES IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION. Georgian Med News 2017:55-59. [PMID: 28452728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In article presented results of the study of basic levels of regulatory cytokines in patients with various forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Analysis of the dynamics of cytokine profile in patients with EBV infection revealed the opposite changes studied synthesis of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which was the basis for the establishment of the four types of immune response. The findings confirm the existence of cytokine imbalance with EBV infection. The established types of immune responses indicate inadequate cell humoral reactivity in a long persistence of EBV, which manifests a tendency to suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immune response enhancement mechanisms and displayed in the clinical and biochemical manifestations of the disease, and also leads to prolonged undulating course.
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Affiliation(s)
- М Popov
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University; Kharkov Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Т Lyadova
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University; Kharkov Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - О Volobuyeva
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University; Kharkov Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - N Shepileva
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University; Kharkov Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - А Kozlov
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University; Kharkov Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - О Sorokina
- V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University; Kharkov Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
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Brook MJ, Christian LM, Hade EM, Ruffin MT. The Effect of Perceived Stress on Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Titers in Appalachian Ohio Women. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:67-73. [PMID: 28934729 DOI: 10.1159/000478658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Appalachian population suffers a disparate burden of chronic stress leading to high perceived stress. The study aim was to determine the association between perceived stress and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titers, along with the impact of perceived social support, Appalachian self-identify, and health behaviors. METHODS Serum EBV VCA-IgG antibody titer levels from 169 female Appalachian residents (aged 18-26 years) were examined. Perceived stress, perceived social support, Appalachian self-identity, and health behaviors were assessed via self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS There were 169 of 185 women positive for EBV. Among these women, the median EBV antibody titer level was 404 U/mL (range 101-6,464), and the overall geometric mean was 563.2 (95% CI 486.6-651.9). For a 1-point increase in perceived stress, the EBV antibody titer increased by 1.92% (95% CI 0.04-3.76%). For every point increase in perceived social support, the EBV antibody titer decreased by 1.00% (95% CI 0.06-1.98%). Perceived stress was significantly associated with sleep quality, BMI, and current smoking status, but not with binge-drinking, drug use, or Appalachian self-identity. No mediating effects of sleep quality, BMI, binge-drinking, current drug use, or >4 sexual partners were observed in the relationship between perceived stress and EBV titer level. CONCLUSION Young Appalachian women reported high levels of perceived stress that were significantly associated with higher EBV titers. Higher perceived social support was associated with lower EBV titers. Health behaviors and Appalachian self-identity did not impact the relationship between perceived stress and EBV titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Brook
- Internal Medicine-Pediatric Residency Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Werler MM, Parker SE, Hedman K, Gissler M, Ritvanen A, Surcel HM. Maternal Antibodies to Herpes Virus Antigens and Risk of Gastroschisis in Offspring. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:902-912. [PMID: 27856447 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroschisis risk is highest in offspring of young women and is increasing in prevalence, suggesting that exposures that are increasingly common among younger females may be causal. Some infections by viruses in the herpes family are more common in the earlier childbearing years and have been increasing in prevalence over time. Data from the Finnish Maternity Cohort were linked to Finnish malformation and birth registers (1987-2012) for this study, a nested case-control study of mothers of offspring with gastroschisis and age-matched controls. Maternal antibody responses in early pregnancy (mean gestational age = 11.1 weeks) to Epstein Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and cytomegalovirus were measured. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for high immunoglobulin reactivity. Odds ratios for high immunoglobulin M (IgM) reactivity to EBV-viral capsid antigen and HSV-1 or HSV-2 (as indicators of recent infection) were 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 4.79) and 1.94 (95% CI: 0.74, 5.12), respectively. For higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity to EBV-viral capsid antigen and HSV-2 IgG, odds ratios were 2.16 (95% CI: 0.82, 5.70) and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.50, 4.10), respectively. Reactivities to HSV-1 IgG, cytomegalovirus IgM, or cytomegalovirus IgG did not appear to increase gastroschisis risk. Primary EBV infection was not associated with gastroschisis, but observed associations with both IgM and IgG reactivities to EBV and HSV suggest that reactivations may be risk factors for it.
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Chen Y, Xin X, Cui Z, Zheng Y, Guo J, Chen Y, Lin Y, Su G. Diagnostic Value of Serum Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen-IgA for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: a Meta-Analysis Based on 21 Studies. Clin Lab 2016; 62:1155-66. [PMID: 27468579 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2015.151122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen immunoglobulin A (EBV VCA-IgA) exerts an important role in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled diagnostic performance of VCA-IgA for NPC. METHODS Literature fulfilling the criteria was searched in PubMed and Embase databases. The quality of the studies was assessed in terms of the Quality Assessment of Diagnosis Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) criteria. The pooled diagnostic parameters were generated using a bivariate meta-analysis model. Statistical analysis was performed based on the platforms of Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 software. The trim and fill adjustment method was applied to further assess the possible effects of publication bias. RESULT Twenty one studies comprising 2986 NPC patients and 3507 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of serum VCA-IgA for NPC were 0.83 (95%CI: 0.82 - 0.84) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.87 - 0.89), respectively, accompanied by a pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 49.87 and area under curve (AUC) of 0.9390. Moreover, our stratified analyses suggested that combinations of multiple EBV antigens (sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC of 0.93, 0.95, 331.8, and 0.9850, respectively) yielded higher accuracy than single VCA-IgA test (sensitivity, specificity, DOR and AUC of 0.83, 0.88, 49.87, and 0.9393, respectively). Additionally, the immunoenzyme assay (IEA) seemed to be a better alternative for the analysis of serum VCA-IgA level, with a sensitivity of 0.92, specificity of 0.94, and AUC of 0.9644. CONCLUSIONS Serum VCA-IgA hallmarks promising accuracy in the management of NPC and that parallel tests of multiple EBV antigens may be more suitable for NPC serodiagnosis than single VCA-IgA assay. .151122)
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Carreon-Guarnizo E, Andreu-Reinon E, Cerdan-Sanchez M, Carrasco-Torres R, Hernandez-Clares R, Prieto-Valiente L, Garcia-Escriba C, Sola-Roca A, Martinez-Andreu ME, Miralles Gonzalez-Conde MA, Martin-Fernandez JJ, Meca-Lallana JE. [Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Region of Murcia]. Rev Neurol 2016; 62:396-402. [PMID: 27113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with immune-mediated pathogenesis. Recent research points to an increase in its prevalence, and a number of studies relate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with its aetiology. AIMS This study seeks to analyse the prevalence of MS in the Region of Murcia, and includes a description of the clinical characteristics at the time of onset of the disease, and of the EBV serological status of patients with MS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study based on a sample consisting of the population living within the central-west healthcare area of the Region of Murcia (257,865 inhabitants). Clinical and serological data extracted from different sources were analysed. RESULTS Prevalence of MS in the population under study: 88 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Prevalence of MS together with isolated demyelinating syndrome: 98.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Mean incidence of MS: 5.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year. At the onset of MS, 67.8% were females, 81.9% presented a relapsing-remitting course, the mean age was 31.4 years, the sensory system was the most frequently compromised (45.1%), onset was monofocal in 55.4% and the degree of disability on the Expanded Disability Status Scale was 2.1 points. The seroprevalence of EBV was 99.3%. The reactivation of EBV infection was related to the clinical activity of MS in 10 patients (45.4%). CONCLUSIONS Currently, the prevalence of MS in the Region of Murcia is similar to that estimated in other Spanish autonomous regions. The study confirms the trend of increased prevalence observed over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carreon-Guarnizo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca., El Palmar, Espana
- UCAM. Universidad Catolica San Antonio. Murcia., Guadalupe, Espana
| | - E Andreu-Reinon
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Espana
| | - M Cerdan-Sanchez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Espana
- UCAM. Universidad Catolica San Antonio. Murcia., Guadalupe, Espana
| | | | - R Hernandez-Clares
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Espana
- UCAM. Universidad Catolica San Antonio. Murcia., Guadalupe, Espana
| | | | | | - A Sola-Roca
- Instituto Murciano de Accion Social, Murcia, Espana
| | - M E Martinez-Andreu
- Consejeria de Sanidad y Politica Social de la Region de Murcia, Murcia, Espana
| | | | | | - J E Meca-Lallana
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca., Murcia, Espana
- UCAM. Universidad Catolica San Antonio. Murcia., Guadalupe, Espana
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Chen J, Wang X, He P, Li Y, Si M, Fan Z, Chang X, Xie Q, Jiao X. Viral etiology, clinical and laboratory features of adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Med Virol 2016; 88:541-9. [PMID: 26287378 PMCID: PMC7166822 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH) is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome with a heterogeneous etiology and has nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings. The diagnosis and treatment of adult SHLH is challenging because the etiology of the disease is difficult to identify, and the majority of reported cases are pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to describe the etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of adult SHLH. Fifty-four adult patients who fulfilled the criteria of SHLH were enrolled in the study. Viral etiology, blood biomarkers, and clinical manifestations of SHLH were analyzed in these patients. Twenty-four SHLH patients had viraemia, whereas 30 SHLH patients were secondary to other diseases. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the most common virus that associated SHLH among all viruses studied. Severe SHLH patients with EBV-viraemia presented significantly high levels of ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). Positively relationships existed between EBV DNA titers and levels of AST and ALT (P < 0.05). The prognosis of SHLH patients with EBV viraemia was worse than that of non-EBV SHLH and non-viral SHLH. Our data reveal that EBV is the major pathogen in virus-associated SHLH, and EBV load influence disease development in SHLH patients with EBV infection that prognosis is worse than other viruses associated SHLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- Shantou Center for Disease Control and PreventionShantouGuangdongChina
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Ping He
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Yazhen Li
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Mengya Si
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhichen Fan
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaolan Chang
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Qindong Xie
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Cell Biology and Genetics Department of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
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Khmilevakaya SA, Zaitseva IA. [USING INTERFERON INDUCTORS IN THERAPY OF PRE-SCHOOL-AGE PATIENTS WITH REACTIVATED EPSTEIN - BARR VIRUS INFECTION.]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2016; 79:24-29. [PMID: 29782751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of including interferon inductor - meglumine acridone acetate (cycloferon) - into a complex therapy of pre-school-age patients with reactivated Epstein - Barr virus infection in the form of mononucleosis has been assessed. It is established that the use of cycloferon leads to regression of the main clinical-hematological symptoms of disorder during the progression period (with a decrease in the clinical treatment period on the average by 4.39 bed days) and favors smoother course of the restoration period. The maximum effect was achieved using prolonged cycloferon treatment schedule, which led to more pronounced relief of residual phenomena, decreased recurrence frequency, and number of acute respiratory complications as comparted to a short-term treatment and control groups.
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Xia C, Zhu K, Zheng G. Expression of EBV antibody EA-IgA, Rta-IgG and VCA-IgA and SA in serum and the implication of combined assay in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:16104-16110. [PMID: 26884888 PMCID: PMC4730101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important non-invasive index for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Serum sialic acid (SA) level was known to be related with tumor progression. Rta protein antibody IgG (Rta-IgG), early antigen antibody (EA-IgA) and viral capsid antibody (VCA-IgA) levels in serum can also be used to effectively monitor the progression of cancer. This study investigated serum level of SA, Rta-IgG, EA-IgA and VCA-IgA in nasopharyngeal cancer patients and the diagnostic value of combined assay. A total of 64 nasopharyngeal cancer patients were recruited, in parallel with 60 benign rhinitis and 60 healthy individuals. Serum SA, EA-IgA, Rta-IgG and VCA-IgA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic value of these indexes was further evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the diagnostic implication of combined assay. The expression levels of SA, EA-IgA, Rta-IgG, and VCA-IgA were highest in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Those indexes were also increased with advanced TNM stage of cancer. The overall diagnostic efficacy was ranked as: VCA-IgA, Rta-IgA, EA-IgA and SA. The combined diagnosis increased the sensitivity to 98.44% and the negative predictive value to 99.03%, without compromising specificity. SA, EA-IgA, Rta-IgG and VCA-IgA expression levels were elevated in nasopharyngeal patients. The combined diagnosis of those serum indexes may improve the diagnostic efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 71004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 71004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoxi Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 71004, Shaanxi, China
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Cárdenas D, Vélez G, Orfao A, Herrera MV, Solano J, Olaya M, Uribe AM, Saavedra C, Duarte M, Rodríguez M, López M, Fiorentino S, Quijano S. Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes from diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients are functionally impaired. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:173-83. [PMID: 26174440 PMCID: PMC4608507 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a persistent virus with oncogenic capacity that has been implicated in the development of aggressive B cell lymphomas, primarily in immunosuppressed individuals, although it can be present in immunocompetent individuals. Changes in the function and clonal diversity of T lymphocytes might be implied by viral persistence and lymphoma development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, phenotype, function and clonotypical distribution of EBV-specific T cells after peripheral blood stimulation with a virus lysate in newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged more than 50 years without prior histories of clinical immunosuppression compared with healthy controls. Our results showed impaired EBV-specific immune responses among DLBCL patients that were associated primarily with decreased numbers of central and effector memory CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In contrast to healthy controls, only a minority of the patients showed CD4(+)/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α(+) T cells expressing T cell receptor (TCR)-Vβ17 and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+) T cells with TCR-Vβ5·2, Vβ9 and Vβ18 in response to EBV. Notably, the production of TNF-α was undetectable among TCR-Vβ5·3(+), Vβ11(+), Vβ12(+), Vβ16(+) and Vβ23(+) CD8(+) T cells. In addition, we observed decreased numbers of CD4(+)/TNF-α(+) and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+), CD8(+)/interleukin (IL)-2(+) and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+)/IL-2(+) T lymphocytes in the absence of T cells capable of producing TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ after EBV stimulation simultaneously. Moreover, DLBCL patients displayed higher IL-10 levels both under baseline conditions and after EBV stimulation. These findings were also observed in patients with positive EBV viral loads. Prospective studies including a large number of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Viral Load/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cárdenas
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
| | - G Vélez
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
| | - A Orfao
- Servicio General De Citometría Y Departamento De Medicina, Centro De Investigación Del Cáncer (Instituto De Biología Molecular Y Celular Del Cáncer and IBSAL; CSIC-USAL), Universidad De SalamancaSalamanca, España
| | - M V Herrera
- Servicio De Hematología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Centro De Oncología Javeriano
| | - J Solano
- Servicio De Hematología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Centro De Oncología Javeriano
| | - M Olaya
- Departamento de Patología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
| | - A M Uribe
- Departamento de Patología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
| | - C Saavedra
- Grupo De Patología Fundación Santa Fe De Bogotá
| | - M Duarte
- Servicio De Hematología Fundación Santa Fe De BogotáBogotá, Colombia
| | - M Rodríguez
- Servicio De Hematología Fundación Santa Fe De BogotáBogotá, Colombia
| | - M López
- Fundación Cardiovascular De ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
| | - S Fiorentino
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
| | - S Quijano
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
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Rudenko MY. [IMMUNE SYSTEM DATA IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT RECURENT HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS IN DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX THERAPY]. Lik Sprava 2015:14-20. [PMID: 27089710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The positive clinical, serolgical and immunological effects of Glutamyl-Triptophan in patients on persistent herpes virus infections are shown. Treatment resulted in the increase of avidity on HSV 1, HSV 2, CMV, EBV antibody, the levels of CD3+-, ICD8+-, CD16+-, CD3+HLA-DR+- (%, abs) and.CD3+CD25t-cells (%), that indicates the optimization of the immune systemdata. The data received allow to recommend Bestim for patients with persistent herpes virus infections.
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40
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Shafiee H, Kanakasabapathy MK, Juillard F, Keser M, Sadasivam M, Yuksekkaya M, Hanhauser E, Henrich TJ, Kuritzkes DR, Kaye KM, Demirci U. Printed Flexible Plastic Microchip for Viral Load Measurement through Quantitative Detection of Viruses in Plasma and Saliva. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9919. [PMID: 26046668 PMCID: PMC4456945 DOI: 10.1038/srep09919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a biosensing platform for viral load measurement through electrical sensing of viruses on a flexible plastic microchip with printed electrodes. Point-of-care (POC) viral load measurement is of paramount importance with significant impact on a broad range of applications, including infectious disease diagnostics and treatment monitoring specifically in resource-constrained settings. Here, we present a broadly applicable and inexpensive biosensing technology for accurate quantification of bioagents, including viruses in biological samples, such as plasma and artificial saliva, at clinically relevant concentrations. Our microchip fabrication is simple and mass-producible as we print microelectrodes on flexible plastic substrates using conductive inks. We evaluated the microchip technology by detecting and quantifying multiple Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, G, and panel), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus (KSHV) in a fingerprick volume (50 µL) of PBS, plasma, and artificial saliva samples for a broad range of virus concentrations between 10(2) copies/mL and 10(7) copies/mL. We have also evaluated the microchip platform with discarded, de-identified HIV-infected patient samples by comparing our microchip viral load measurement results with reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) as the gold standard method using Bland-Altman Analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and
Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Kanakasabapathy
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and
Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franceline Juillard
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Mert Keser
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and
Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Magesh Sadasivam
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and
Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Yuksekkaya
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and
Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily Hanhauser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA,
USA
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA,
USA
| | - Daniel R. Kuritzkes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA,
USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kaye
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for
Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
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Abstract
NK/T-cell lymphomas are aggressive malignancies, and the outlook is poor when conventional anthracycline-containing regimens designed for B-cell lymphomas are used. With the advent of L-asparaginase-containing regimens, treatment outcome has significantly improved. L-asparaginase-containing regimens are now considered the standard in the management of NK/T-cell lymphomas. In advanced diseases, however, outcome remains unsatisfactory, with durable remission achieved in only about 50% of cases. Stratification of patients with advanced NK/T-cell lymphomas is needed, so that poor-risk patients can be given additional therapy to improve outcome. Conventional presentation parameters are untested and appear inadequate for prognostication when L-asparaginase-containing regimens are used. Recent evidence suggests that dynamic factors during treatment and interim assessment, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA quantification and positron emission tomography computed tomography findings, are more useful in patient stratification. The role of high-dose chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires evaluation in an overall risk-adapted treatment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tse
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Chen L, Guo R, Zhou G, Tang L, Mao Y, Li W, Liu X, Du X, Sun Y, Ma J. The clinical utility of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA assays in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the dawn of a new era?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 7836 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e845. [PMID: 25997061 PMCID: PMC4602858 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the potential of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA assays to predict clinical outcomes in a large sample of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and proposed a risk stratification model based on standardized EBV DNA load monitoring.We conducted a meta-analysis of 14 prospective and retrospective comparative studies (n = 7 836 patients) to evaluate the correlation between pretreatment plasma EBV DNA (pre-DNA), midtreatment plasma EBV DNA (mid-DNA), posttreatment plasma EBV DNA (post-DNA), the half-life value of plasma EBV DNA clearance rate (t1/2), and clinical outcomes. Our primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Our secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and local-regional-failure-free survival (LRFS).High pre-DNA, detectable mid-DNA, detectable post-DNA, and slow EBV DNA clearance rates were all significantly associated with poorer OS, with hazard radios (HRs) equal to 2.81, 3.29, 4.26, and 3.58, respectively. Pre-DNA, mid-DNA, and post-DNA had the same effects on PFS, DMFS, and LRFS.Plasma EBV DNA assays are highly prognostic of long-term survival and distant metastasis in NPC patients. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, we propose a 4-grade systematic risk stratification model. Given the inherent limitations of the included studies, future well-designed randomized clinical trials are required to confirm to the findings of this analysis and to contribute to the development of individualized treatment strategies for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhang
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Canton, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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43
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Shen T, Tang LQ, Luo DH, Chen QY, Li PJ, Mai DM, Guo SS, Liu LT, Qian CN, Guo X, Zeng MS, Mo HY, Mai HQ. Different prognostic values of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and maximal standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with recurrence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122756. [PMID: 25853677 PMCID: PMC4390333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the prognostic value of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and maximal standard uptake values (SUVmax ) of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) in subgroups of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with locoregional or distant recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 194 patients with recurrent NPC (locoregional recurrence: 107, distant recurrence: 87) were enrolled. Patients took evidence of recurrence performed with 18F-FDG-PET and an EBV DNA test before salvage treatment. Clinical parameters, the status of EBV DNA and the value of SUVmax were used for survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS In the subgroup of patients with locoregional recurrence, patients with SUVmax<8.65 had significantly better overall survival (OS) (P=0.005) compared with the patients with SUVmax ≥8.65. However, both elevated EBV DNA load (≥21,100 copies/ml) and distant SUVmax (≥13.55) were significantly associated with worse OS compared with the patients with EBV DNA <21,100 copies/ml or distant SUVmax <13.55 for the subgroup with distant recurrence (P=0.015 and P=0.006, respectively). The predictive ability of EBV DNA was superior to that of SUVmax (P=0.062). Multivariate analysis showed that SUVmax was only an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with locoregional recurrence (P=0.042), whereas EBV DNA independently predicted OS for the patients with distant recurrence (P=0.007). For those patients with undetectable EBV DNA, SUVmax<8.65 was still an independent favorable prognostic factor (P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS SUVmax is a useful biomarker for predicting OS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with locoregional recurrence or with undetectable EBV DNA. Both distant SUVmax and EBV DNA appear to be independent predictors of OS in patients with distant recurrence; however, the predictive ability of EBV DNA was superior to that of SUVmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Hua Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Jing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Mai
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ting Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yuan Mo
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (HQM); (HYM)
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (HQM); (HYM)
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44
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Jayasooriya S, de Silva TI, Njie-jobe J, Sanyang C, Leese AM, Bell AI, McAulay KA, Yanchun P, Long HM, Dong T, Whittle HC, Rickinson AB, Rowland-Jones SL, Hislop AD, Flanagan KL. Early virological and immunological events in asymptomatic Epstein-Barr virus infection in African children. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004746. [PMID: 25816224 PMCID: PMC4376400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection often occurs in early childhood and is asymptomatic. However, if delayed until adolescence, primary infection may manifest as acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM), a febrile illness characterised by global CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, much of it reflecting a huge expansion of activated EBV-specific CD8+ T-cells. While the events of AIM have been intensely studied, little is known about how these relate to asymptomatic primary infection. Here Gambian children (14-18 months old, an age at which many acquire the virus) were followed for the ensuing six months, monitoring circulating EBV loads, antibody status against virus capsid antigen (VCA) and both total and virus-specific CD8+ T-cell numbers. Many children were IgG anti-VCA-positive and, though no longer IgM-positive, still retained high virus loads comparable to AIM patients and had detectable EBV-specific T-cells, some still expressing activation markers. Virus loads and the frequency/activation status of specific T-cells decreased over time, consistent with resolution of a relatively recent primary infection. Six children with similarly high EBV loads were IgM anti-VCA-positive, indicating very recent infection. In three of these donors with HLA types allowing MHC-tetramer analysis, highly activated EBV-specific T-cells were detectable in the blood with one individual epitope response reaching 15% of all CD8+ T-cells. That response was culled and the cells lost activation markers over time, just as seen in AIM. However, unlike AIM, these events occurred without marked expansion of total CD8+ numbers. Thus asymptomatic EBV infection in children elicits a virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response that can control the infection without over-expansion; conversely, in AIM it appears the CD8 over-expansion, rather than virus load per se, is the cause of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamanthi Jayasooriya
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chilel Sanyang
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Alison M. Leese
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I. Bell
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. McAulay
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Yanchun
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Long
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hilton C. Whittle
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan B. Rickinson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- Nuffied Department of Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Hislop
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yao N, Cui X, Wang J. [The clinical significance of serum Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)/latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) assay in patients with nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2015; 54:106-110. [PMID: 25907839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of the serum Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)/latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL). METHODS The serum EBNA1 and LMP1 were detected by real-time PCR in 36 ENKL patients hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 2010 to August 2013. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. RESULTS The median serum EBNA1 was 1.9×10(4) (ranged from 0 to 11.0×10(4)) copies/µl in ENKL patients and 8.0 (ranged from 0 to 43.8) copies/µl in healthy volunteers. The median serum LMP1 was 3.9×10(3) (ranged from 118.3 to 24.0×10(3)) copies/µl in ENKL patients and 3.3 (ranged from 0 to 33.3) copies/µl in healthy volunteers. Both EBNA1 and LMP1 were higher in ENKL patients than healthy volunteers (all P < 0.01). The median EBNA1 and LMP1 in ENKL patients posttreatment were 1.0×10(3) (ranged from 0 to 2.0 × 10(3)) copies/µl and 300.8 (ranged from 0 to 825.7) copies/µl respectively, which were both significantly decreased than pretreatment (all P < 0.05). The EBNA1 and LMP1 were decreased in effective treatment group versus ineffective treatment group (P < 0.05). The serum EBNA1 and LMP1 were positively correlated with lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level (r = 0.364,0.546; P = 0.040,0.012). CONCLUSIONS (1) The measurement of EBNA1/LMP1 may be useful in evaluating the therapeutic effect. (2) The serum EBNA1/LMP1 may reflect the tumor load in ENKL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yao
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730, China.
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46
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Goncharova EV, Senyuta NB, Smirnova KV, Shcherbak LN, Gurtsevich VE. [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Russia: infection of the population and analysis of the LMP1 gene variants in patients with EBV-associated pathologies and healthy individuals]. Vopr Virusol 2015; 60:11-17. [PMID: 26182651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus, widespread herpesvirus among the population of the planet, is also the etiologic agent for a number of malignancies. One of the oncoproteins encoded by the virus, the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1I), through activation of the complex signaling pathways is involved in the processes of cell immortalization and transformation. The goal of this work was to study the level of the EBV infection in Russian population and LMP1 polymorphism in patients with benign and malignant EBV-associated diseases and healthy virus carriers. Studies have shown that by the age of 5-9 years the percentage of the infected persons and the level of antibody titers reaches almost the maximum values. With the age, virus specific antibody titers are decreased (with a high percentage of infected persons) and increased again in groups of older persons. The analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the gene LMP1 translated in amino acid (aa) sequences unexpectedly revealed the dominance a low divergent variant LMP1 B95.8A not only in healthy individuals but also in patients with all forms of EBV-associated diseases. Highly divergent variants Ch1 and Med +, containing a deletion of 10 aa, and characterized by elevated transforming activity more often were detected in the tumor tissue samples than in the blood samples/mouth washes of the same patients. Detection of highly transforming variant LMP1 Ch1 in blood samples of healthy individuals indicates that this analog of Chinese variant Cao may persist in any population and is not necessarily associated with the occurrence of the EBV-associated disorders.
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47
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Snelder SM, Engels LK, van der Valk H, van Praag MCG. [Skin disorder as an indication of viral infection]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2015; 159:A8708. [PMID: 26083843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a dermatosis primarily affecting children between 2 and 6 years of age. It is characterized by multiple, itching, monomorphous, pink to red-brown papules or papulovesicles between 1 and 5 mm in size. GCS is associated with viral infections such as hepatitis B virus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is often accompanied by fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. The syndrome is self-limiting and disappears within 2 months. No treatment is therefore required. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a case of a 16-year-old female who presented with itching papulovesicles on the extremities and on the buttocks. She was diagnosed with GCS because of the clinical findings, histopathological tests and positive EBV serology. CONCLUSION GCS can also affect patients older than 6 years of age. Moreover, this syndrome may be a first sign of infection with Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, HIV or other viral infections.
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48
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Khandaker GM, Stochl J, Zammit S, Lewis G, Jones PB. Childhood Epstein-Barr Virus infection and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence: a population-based prospective serological study. Schizophr Res 2014; 158:19-24. [PMID: 25048425 PMCID: PMC4561501 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest a link between early-life infection and adult schizophrenia. Cross-sectional studies have reported: (1) increased prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a member of the Herpesviridae family in schizophrenia; (2) a possible role of Herpes simplex virus in cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and healthy controls. We report a longitudinal serological study of early-life EBV infection, childhood IQ, and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences (PE) in adolescence. METHODS Serum antibodies to EBV (anti-VCA IgG) were measured in 530 participants from the ALSPAC cohort at age 4 years. Assessments for IQ at age 9 and PE at age 13 were attended by 401 and 366 of these individuals, respectively. Logistic regression calculated odds ratio (OR) for PE in EBV-exposed, compared with unexposed group. Mean IQ scores were compared between these groups; effect of IQ on the EBV-PE association was examined. Potential confounders included age, gender, ethnicity, social class, household crowding, and concurrent depression and anxiety. RESULTS About 25% of the sample was exposed to EBV at age 4. EBV exposure was associated with subsequent risk of definite PE in adolescence; OR 5.37 (95% CI 1.71-16.87), which remained significant after confounding adjustment. EBV-exposed individuals compared with unexposed performed worse on all IQ measures; mean difference in full-scale IQ 4.15 (95% CI 0.44-7.87); however, this was explained by socio-demographic differences. The EBV-PE association was not explained by IQ. CONCLUSIONS Early-life exposure to EBV is associated with PE in adolescence, consistent with a role of infection/immune dysfunction in the aetiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Mental Health, Addiction and Suicide Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Mental Health, Addiction and Suicide Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Centre for Mental Health, Addiction and Suicide Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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49
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Walton AH, Muenzer JT, Rasche D, Boomer JS, Sato B, Brownstein BH, Pachot A, Brooks TL, Deych E, Shannon WD, Green JM, Storch GA, Hotchkiss RS. Reactivation of multiple viruses in patients with sepsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98819. [PMID: 24919177 PMCID: PMC4053360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A current controversy is whether patients with sepsis progress to an immunosuppressed state. We hypothesized that reactivation of latent viruses occurred with prolonged sepsis thereby providing evidence of clinically-relevant immunosuppression and potentially providing a means to serially-monitor patients' immune status. Secondly, if viral loads are markedly elevated, they may contribute to morbidity and mortality. This study determined if reactivation of herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, and the anellovirus TTV occurred in sepsis and correlated with severity. Serial whole blood and plasma samples from 560 critically-ill septic, 161 critically-ill non-septic, and 164 healthy age-matched patients were analyzed by quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction for cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr (EBV), herpes-simplex (HSV), human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6), and TTV. Polyomaviruses BK and JC were quantitated in urine. Detectable virus was analyzed with respect to secondary fungal and opportunistic bacterial infections, ICU duration, severity of illness, and survival. Patients with protracted sepsis had markedly increased frequency of detectable virus. Cumulative viral DNA detection rates in blood were: CMV (24.2%), EBV (53.2%), HSV (14.1%), HHV-6 (10.4%), and TTV (77.5%). 42.7% of septic patients had presence of two or more viruses. The 50% detection rate for herpesviruses was 5–8 days after sepsis onset. A small subgroup of septic patients had markedly elevated viral loads (>104–106 DNA copies/ml blood) for CMV, EBV, and HSV. Excluding TTV, DNAemia was uncommon in critically-ill non-septic patients and in age-matched healthy controls. Compared to septic patients without DNAemia, septic patients with viremia had increased fungal and opportunistic bacterial infections. Patients with detectable CMV in plasma had higher 90-day mortality compared to CMV-negative patients; p<0.05. Reactivation of latent viruses is common with prolonged sepsis, with frequencies similar to those occurring in transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy and consistent with development of an immunosuppressive state. Whether reactivated latent viruses contribute to morbidity and mortality in sepsis remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Walton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jared T. Muenzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Rasche
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Boomer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bryan Sato
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bernard H. Brownstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Pachot
- Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department, BioMérieux Inc., Marcy 1'Etoile, France
| | - Terrence L. Brooks
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Elena Deych
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William D. Shannon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Green
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Hotchkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun D, Yang Z, Fu Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang X. Clinical value of serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA assay in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8787-93. [PMID: 24879626 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA has been approved for diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The goal of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical value of the serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the diagnosis of NPC. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Chinese Wanfang Med Online, and National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify suitable studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of the serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA for the diagnosis of NPC were calculated. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall test performances. Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 12.0 softwares were used to analyze the data. A total of 2,520 patients from ten trials were subjected to meta-analysis. The summary estimates of the serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA for NPC diagnosis were as follows: sensitivity 0.69 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.72), specificity 0.84 (95 % CI = 0.82-0.86), LR + 4.81 (95 % CI = 2.94-7.88), LR - 0.25 (95 % CI = 0.13-0.48), DOR 24.65 (95 % CI = 12.64-48.07), and area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) was 0.8979. Our study demonstrates that the serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA could be a useful tumor marker for NPC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Linyi City People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
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