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Substantial Antiviral Potential of Deoxyribozymes Fixed on Anatase Nanoparticles Against Influenza A Viruses in vitro and in vivo. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1202-1208. [PMID: 37879408 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a high threat to humanity because of a lack of proper effective antiviral drugs and resistance of viruses to existing vaccines. We describe the sufficient anti-IAV effect of Ans/PL-Dz nanocomposites that contain deoxyribozymes (Dz) immobilized on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (Ans) through polylysine linker (PL). The Dz-containing nanocomposites appear to be more efficient than the Ans/PL-ODN nanocomposites that contain common oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) targeted to the same RNA regions of the viral genome. The simultaneous use of nanocomposites that contain Dz and ODN, which are targeted to different sites of viral RNA provides a higher overall effect than the independent action of each of them (synergism). The inhibition of IAV with the proposed nanocomposites was shown to be effective, sequence-specific, and dose-dependent. The most efficient Ans/PL-Dz nanocomposite exhibited a high antiviral effect in vivo on mice models. The efficiency of IAV inhibition with this nanocomposite in vitro and in vivo is higher than that for the approved antiflu drug oseltamivir. The results open the prospect of creating a unique antiviral agent suitable for IAV suppression.
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Untranslated Regions of a Segmented Kindia Tick Virus Genome Are Highly Conserved and Contain Multiple Regulatory Elements for Viral Replication. Microorganisms 2024; 12:239. [PMID: 38399643 PMCID: PMC10893285 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel segmented tick-borne RNA viruses belonging to the group of Jingmenviruses (JMVs) are widespread across Africa, Asia, Europe, and America. In this work, we obtained whole-genome sequences of two Kindia tick virus (KITV) isolates and performed modeling and the functional annotation of the secondary structure of 5' and 3' UTRs from JMV and KITV viruses. UTRs of various KITV segments are characterized by the following points: (1) the polyadenylated 3' UTR; (2) 5' DAR and 3' DAR motifs; (3) a highly conserved 5'-CACAG-3' pentanucleotide; (4) a binding site of the La protein; (5) multiple UAG sites providing interactions with the MSI1 protein; (6) three homologous sequences in the 5' UTR and 3' UTR of segment 2; (7) the segment 2 3' UTR of a KITV/2017/1 isolate, which comprises two consecutive 40 nucleotide repeats forming a Y-3 structure; (8) a 35-nucleotide deletion in the second repeat of the segment 2 3' UTR of KITV/2018/1 and KITV/2018/2 isolates, leading to a modification of the Y-3 structure; (9) two pseudoknots in the segment 2 3' UTR; (10) the 5' UTR and 3' UTR being represented by patterns of conserved motifs; (11) the 5'-CAAGUG-3' sequence occurring in early UTR hairpins. Thus, we identified regulatory elements in the UTRs of KITV, which are characteristic of orthoflaviviruses. This suggests that they hold functional significance for the replication of JMVs and the evolutionary similarity between orthoflaviviruses and segmented flavi-like viruses.
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The Viromes of Mosquitoes from the Natural Landscapes of Western Siberia. Viruses 2023; 15:1896. [PMID: 37766302 PMCID: PMC10537626 DOI: 10.3390/v15091896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The metagenomic analysis of mosquitoes allows for the genetic characterization of mosquito-associated viruses in different regions of the world. This study applied a metagenomic approach to identify novel viral sequences in seven species of mosquitoes collected from the Novosibirsk region of western Siberia. Using NGS sequencing, we identified 15 coding-complete viral polyproteins (genomes) and 15 viral-like partial sequences in mosquitoes. The complete sequences for novel viruses or the partial sequences of capsid proteins, hypothetical viral proteins, and RdRps were used to identify their taxonomy. The novel viral sequences were classified within the orders Tymovirales and Picornavirales and the families Partitiviridae, Totiviridae, Tombusviridae, Iflaviridae, Nodaviridae, Permutotetraviridae, and Solemoviridae, with several attributed to four unclassified RNA viruses. Interestingly, the novel putative viruses and viral sequences were mainly associated with the mosquito Coquillettidia richardii. This study aimed to increase our understanding of the viral diversity in mosquitoes found in the natural habitats of Siberia, which is characterized by very long, snowy, and cold winters.
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The First Case of Zika Virus Disease in Guinea: Description, Virus Isolation, Sequencing, and Seroprevalence in Local Population. Viruses 2023; 15:1620. [PMID: 37631963 PMCID: PMC10459603 DOI: 10.3390/v15081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a widespread mosquito-borne pathogen. Phylogenetically, two lineages of ZIKV are distinguished: African and Asian-American. The latter became the cause of the 2015-2016 pandemic, with severe consequences for newborns. In West African countries, the African lineage was found, but there is evidence of the emergence of the Asian-American lineage in Cape Verde and Angola. This highlights the need to not only monitor ZIKV but also sequence the isolates. In this article, we present a case report of Zika fever in a pregnant woman from Guinea identified in 2018. Viral RNA was detected through qRT-PCR in a serum sample. In addition, the seroconversion of anti-Zika IgM and IgG antibodies was detected in repeated blood samples. Subsequently, the virus was isolated from the C6/36 cell line. The detected ZIKV belonged to the African lineage, the Nigerian sublineage. The strains with the closest sequences were isolated from mosquitoes in Senegal in 2011 and 2015. In addition, we conducted the serological screening of 116 blood samples collected from patients presenting to the hospital of Faranah with fevers during the period 2018-2021. As a result, it was found that IgM-positive patients were identified each year and that the seroprevalence varied between 5.6% and 17.1%.
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[Structural Motifs and Spatial Structures of Helicase (NS3) and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (NS5) of a Flavi-like Kindia tick virus (unclassified Flaviviridae)]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:7-17. [PMID: 36961231 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kindia tick virus (KITV) is a novel segmented unclassified flavi-like virus of the Flaviviridae family. This virus is associated with ixodes ticks and is potentially pathogenic to humans. The main goal of this work was to search for structural motifs of viral polypeptides and to develop a 3D-structure for viral proteins of the flavi-like KITV. MATERIALS AND METHODS The complete genome sequences for KITV, Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and yellow fever viruses were retrieved from GenBank. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the different software packages. RESULTS Analysis of the KITV structural proteins showed that they have no analogues among currently known viral proteins. Spatial models of NS3 and NS5 KITV proteins have been obtained. These models had a high level of topological similarity to the tick-borne encephalitis and dengue viral proteins. The methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase domains were found in the NS5 KITV. The latter was represented by fingers, palm and thumb subdomains, and motifs A-F. The helicase domain and its main structural motifs IVI were identified in NS3 KITV. However, the protease domain typical of NS3 flaviviruses was not detected. The highly conserved amino acid motives were detected in the NS3 and NS5 KITV. Also, eight amino acid substitutions characteristic of KITV/2018/1 and KITV/2018/2 were detected, five of them being localized in alpha-helix and three in loops of nonstructural proteins. CONCLUSION Nonstructural proteins of KITV have structural and functional similarities with unsegmented flaviviruses. This confirms their possible evolutionary and taxonomic relationships.
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Novel Flavi-like virus in ixodid ticks and patients in Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102101. [PMID: 36529011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel Haseki tick virus (HSTV) was detected in ixodid ticks and patients in the Asian part of Russia. Sequencing of the genome fragments corresponding whole polyprotein and viral RdRp demonstrated that HSTV is genetically close to unclassified Flavi-like viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of HSTV sequences showed that these viruses were close to Bole tick virus 4 (BLTV 4), which was detected early in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Caribbean region. The organization of the genome predicts that HSTV and BLTV 4 may also be classified as putative new genera within Flaviviridae with enlarged Flavi-like positive-sense ssRNA viral genomes. Cases of HSTV putative human incidents after Ixodes persulcatus attack were discovered in hospital patients with tick-borne infections in Vladivostok (Russia). The illness was associated with 3-5 days of fever, accompanied by acute respiratory lesions. Mixed human tick-borne infections (TBIs) were also detected for these patients as dual or triple coinfections for tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia spp., Anaplasma spp., and HSTV. Thus, it is necessary to study HSTV antibody tests, virus isolation, and surveillance for HSTV sequences in different species of ticks, different geographical regions and patients after tick attacks.
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[Molecular and genetic characteristics of the multicomponent flavi-like Kindia tick virus (Flaviviridae) found in ixodes ticks on the territory of the Republic of Guinea]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 67:487-495. [PMID: 37264838 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ixodes ticks are vectors for pathogens of many infectious diseases. Recently, during the study of Rhipicephalus geigyi ticks collected from livestock in the Republic of Guinea, a new multicomponent flavi-like RNA virus, called Kindia tick virus (KITV), was discovered with an unusual mechanism for the implementation of genetic information. The aim of the work is to detect and study the genetic diversity of KITV in ixodes ticks collected in the territory of the Kindia province of the Republic of Guinea. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2021, 324 specimens of ticks of the species Amblyomma variegatum, Rh. geigyi, Rh. annulatus, Rh. decoloratus, Rh. senegalensis were collected from cattle. The detection of viral RNA was carried out in individual samples of ticks by RT-PCR, followed by the determination of the nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION KITV detection rates in ticks of the species Rh. geigyi was 12.2%, Rh. annulatus 4.4%, Rh. decoloratus 3.3%. However, the KITV genetic material has not been identified in Am. variegatum ticks, which are one of the dominant species in West Africa. For all virus isolates, a partial nucleotide sequences of each of the four viral segments (GenBank, OK345271OK345306) were determined. The phylogenetic analysis showed a high level of identity (98.599.8%) for each of the four segments of the viral genome with those previously found in the Republic of Guinea. The obtained KITV isolates are most genetically close to Mogiana tick virus, which was previously detected in South America in Rh. microplus ticks and significantly differed from other multicomponent viruses circulating in Europe and Asia, including the Russian Federation. CONCLUSION KITV genetic material was found in three species of ixodid ticks collected from livestock in a number of prefectures of the Republic of Guinea. The infection rate in ticks was 3.312.2%. The continuation of research in this direction remains relevant.
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[Prevalence and molecular genetic characteristics of parenteral hepatitis B, C and D viruses in HIV positive persons in the Novosibirsk region]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:423-438. [PMID: 36515288 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parenteral viral hepatitis (B, C, D) and HIV share modes of transmission and risk groups, in which the probability of infection with two or more of these viruses simultaneously is increased. Mutual worsening of the course of viral infections is important issue that occurs when HIV positive patients are coinfected with parenteral viral hepatitis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HCV, HBV and HDV in HIV positive patients in the Novosibirsk region and to give molecular genetic characteristics of their isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 185 blood samples were tested for the presence of total antibodies to HCV, HCV RNA, HBV DNA and HDV RNA. The identified isolates were genotyped by amplification of the NS5B gene fragment for HCV, the polymerase gene for HBV and whole genome for HDV. RESULTS The total antibodies to HCV were detected in 51.9% (95% CI: 44.758.9), HCV RNA was detected in 32.9% (95% CI: 26.639.5) of 185 studied samples. The distribution of HCV RNA positive cases completely repeated the distribution of HCV serological markers in different sex and age groups. The number of HCV infected among HIV positive patients increases with age. HCV subgenotypes distribution was as follows: 1b (52.5%), 3а (34.5%), 1а (11.5%), 2а (1.5%). 84.3% of detected HCV 1b isolates had C316N mutation associated with resistance to sofosbuvir and dasabuvir. The prevalence of HBV DNA in the studied samples was 15.2% (95% CI: 10.721.0). M204I mutation associated with resistance to lamivudine and telbivudine was identified in one HBV isolate. Two HDV isolates that belonged to genotype 1 were detected in HIV/HBV coinfected patients. CONCLUSION The data obtained confirm the higher prevalence of infection with parenteral viral hepatitis among people living with HIV in the Novosibirsk region compared to the general population of that region. The genetic diversity of these viruses among HIV infected individuals is similar to that observed in the general population.
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[Development of a method for detection of specific antibodies to E protein of yellow fever virus (Flaviviridae: <I>Flavivirus</I>) by enzyme immunoassay]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:341-450. [PMID: 36097715 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yellow fever (YF) remains one of the most common natural focal infectious diseases in the world. In connection with the increasing tourist flow to countries endemic for YF, the discovery of stable populations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus which are the main vectors of the yellow fever virus (YFV), in the southern regions of Russia, and the fact that in medical institutions in our country it is possible to obtain a live attenuated vaccine against YF, but there is no way to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination, the question arises of the development and implementation of diagnostic kits for detecting antibodies (AB) to the pathogen by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).The aim of this study was to develop a method for detecting specific IgG antibodies to the E protein of YFV by ELISA and assessing its diagnostic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A specific cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription on an RNA template of YFV isolated on a cell culture of Aedes albopictus clone C6/36, and a fragment of the genome coding the YFV E protein was amplified and subsequently cloned into the plasmid pET160 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The resulting gene fragment was used as a DNA template to obtain a recombinant analog of the third domain of the YFV E protein in Escherichia coli cells (BL-21(DE3)). Next, the immunogenicity of the obtained antigen was evaluated and the analysis conditions were optimized. RESULTS The optimal conditions for the production of the obtained recombinant E protein of YFV were determined, its specificity was confirmed by immunological methods (Western blot and ELISA), sorption buffers and blocking solutions were selected, and sensitivity and specificity of detection of antibodies to YFV using the recombinant antigen were assessed. CONCLUSION A method for the detection of specific IgG antibodies to the YFV E protein by ELISA was developed. This diagnostic kit can be used both to study the protective properties of the YF vaccine and to detect imported cases of infection in non-endemic areas.
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Detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and their ticks in Western Siberia and high level of their mismatch. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 34825655 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tick-borne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth's reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5 %), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions.
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[Genetic Variability of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Genome 5'-UTR from Northern Eurasia]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2021; 55:431-440. [PMID: 34097678 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898421030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) genomic RNA isolated from 39 individual taiga ticks collected in several regions of Northern Eurasia. The sequences of 5'-UTRs of the Siberian and Far East TBEV genotypes were 89% and 95% identical to the prototype strains (Zausaev and 205), respectively. The detected nucleotide substitutions were typical for these two TBEV genotypes, which made possible unambiguous identification. Both conservative and variable motifs were detected in the 5'-UTR RNA. The B2, C1, and C2 elements of the Y-shaped 5'-UTR structure and the presumable viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase binding site were the most variable. The A2, CS A, CS В elements as well as the start codon were conservative. Interestingly, five substitutions in the 5'-UTR C1 variable element of the TBEVs isolated in different geographical regions were strictly conservative, while 11 different substitutions were detected in this element among the laboratory TBEV variants. A little less that a third of all nucleotide substitutions were mapped outside the main elements of the Y-shaped structure. In general, nucleotide substitutions were localized to stem structures, not being found in the hairpin regions of the TBEV 5'-UTR. The results indicated significant variability of the genomic RNA 5'-UTR in the TBEV laboratory strains and field isolates obtained from different geographical regions. It has been suggested that genetic variability of 5'-UTR is characteristic of the TBEV genome 5'-UTR organization and may serve as a structural basis for virus efficient replication in various avian, mammalian, and ixodic tick cells.
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Detection of Babesia caballi, Theileria mutans and Th. velifera in ixodid ticks collected from cattle in Guinea in 2017-2018. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 24:100564. [PMID: 34024380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites from the genera Babesia and Theileria may infect a wide range of animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to detect the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in ticks collected from household cows in the Republic of Guinea from 2017 to 2018 by PCR and then genotype the gene fragments by sequencing. A total of 907 ticks from 319 cows were collected in seven prefectures of Guinea (Boke, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou and N'Zerekore). The following tick species on cattle were identified: Amblyomma variegatum (44.2%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (34.7%), Rh. annulatus (10.3%), Rh. geigyi (7.3%) Hyalomma truncatum (2.4%), Rh. senegalensis (0.8%) and Haemaphysalis leachi (0.6%). Genetic markers for piroplasms were found in Am. variegatum, Rh. decoloratus, Rh. annulatus, and Rh. geigyi ticks, and the total infection rate for these ticks was 4.2%. The highest infection rate was found in Rh. annulatus ticks (10.9%). The piroplasms were genotyped as Babesia caballi, Theileria mutans and Theileria velifera by phylogenetic analysis of the 1150 bp 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragments. These pathogens were discovered in practically all studied prefectures in Guinea except for Mamou Prefecture. We propose that these ixodid ticks might play a major role in the transmission of piroplasm infections in domestic animals in Guinea.
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Detection of Ehrlichia spp. and Theileria spp. in Hyalomma anatolicum ticks collected in Tajikistan. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:55-59. [PMID: 33659781 PMCID: PMC7716523 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to survey the prevalence of genetic markers for Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. in Hyalomma anatolicum ticks collected in southwestern Tajikistan and to perform sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and groESL operon from Ehrlichia spp. and fragments of the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria spp. detected in H. anatolicum ticks. Hyalomma anatolicum ticks collected in the Tursunzade and Rudaki districts of Tajikistan were tested for DNA of Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. by PCR with specific primers. The amplified fragments were sequenced and analyzed. DNA of Ehrlichia spp. (3.3 %) and Theileria spp. (3.3 %) was detected only in H. anatolicum ticks collected from the Rudaki district, and DNA of Ehrlichia spp. (0.7 %) was found in H. anatolicum ticks from the Tursunzade district. Sequence analysis of fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and groESL operon from Ehrlichia spp. revealed high similarity to Ehrlichia spp. The Tajik isolates of Theileria spp. were genotyped as Theileria annulata based on the analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that Ehrlichia spp. isolates are highly similar to Ehrlichia spp. circulating in China and Brazil. The isolate Tajikistan-5 is closely related to the putative novel species Ehrlichia mineirensis. The Tajik isolates of Theileria spp. were clustered with T. annulata isolates from Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and China by phylogenetic analyses.
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Occurrence and characteristics of Bacillus cereus group bacterial atmospheric aerosols in Novosibirsk region. VESTNIK TOMSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA. BIOLOGIYA 2021. [DOI: 10.17223/19988591/56/3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The microbial diversity of atmospheric bioaerosols involves microorganisms that can cause allergic and infectious diseases or toxic effects. They include bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group (B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, B. mycoides, B. pseudomycoides, etc.), which can result in diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and other infectious diseases. Accordingly, monitoring the presence of Bacillus cereus group bacteria in aerosols is critical. However, practically no data exist on Bacillus cereus and other cereus-group bacteria in southwestern Siberia’s poorly investigated atmospheric aerosol environment. Bacteria of the cereus group are capable of effective production of various biologically active compounds, with important implications for biotechnology; microorganism strains with new capabilities are being investigated. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and characteristics of B. cereus group bacteria in ground-level and high-altitude atmospheric aerosols in Novosibirsk region of southwestern Siberia, and to evaluate the biotechnological potential of the obtained microbial isolates. High-altitude atmospheric samples were collected over Karakan Pine Forest, approximately 50 km south of Novosibirsk, at altitudes of 7000, 5500, 4000, 2000, 1500, 1000, and 500 m, by aircraft sounding. Вoundaries of the aircraft flight path: 54° 26'38'' N, 82° 30'47'' E; 54°10'55'' N, 81° 44'00'' E. Ground-level samples were collected at various sites in Koltsovo settlement, Novosibirsk region. Impingers with a flow rate of 50 L/min containing 50 ml of Hanks’ solution were used for air sampling. The obtained aerosol samples were sown on a set of nutrient media and incubated at 28–30°C and 6–10 °C. The titers of microorganisms in high-altitude and ground-level samples were determined in terms of 1 m3 of atmospheric air. Standard microbiological methods were employed to study the phenotypic characteristics of the identified microbial isolates. Lipolytic activity was determined on yolk agar and LB agarized medium containing fatty acid esters with 0.01% CaCl2 . The substrates used were 1.0% monolaurate (tween-20) and monooleate (tween-80). Amylolytic activity of the cultures was determined by their isolation on starch-ammonia agar, and proteolytic activity by their ability to hydrolyse milk gelatin and casein (Maniatis T et al., 1984). The ability to hemolysis was taken into account when cultures were plated on LB medium with the addition of ram’s blood. Nuclease activity was studied on LB medium with the addition of Sigma DNA (USA) (Maniatis T et al., 1984). The content of plasmid DNA in the isolates was determined by screening according to Maniatis T et al. (1984). The capacity for RNAase secretion in culture medium (peptone - 9.27 g/l, yeast extract - 5 g/l, NaCl - 3.00; 10 ml of 50% glycerin, 2 ml of 20% glucose; pH 7.07.2) during cultivation of bacteria at 30 °С, for 18-24 h, was determined by the accumulation of acid-soluble products, formed upon hydrolysis of high-polymer RNA of yeast (1 mg/ml). Antibiotic activity of the studied strains was determined by cross-strics (Yasuda T et al., 1992) on LB medium at 37 °C. The following pathogenic test strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albicans 620, Klebsiella pneumoniae B-4894, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium 2606, and Shigella sonnei 32 (collection of FSBI State Research Centre Vektor of the Rospotrebnadzor). The genetic analysis of bacterial isolates was performed using PCR with specific primers on 16S rRNA. The calculation of the number of cultivated microorganisms in the samples was carried out according to the Kerber method [Bottone EJ, 2010], and the number of microorganisms was averaged over three parallels of the inoculated samples. The annual average numbers of cultivated microorganisms were calculated as a mean ± the confidence interval at a significance level of 95% of t-Student’s (p < 0.05). Percentages of spore-forming cultured bacteria in aerosol samples varied significantly across the years of observation (1998–present): in high-altitude samples, the minimum and maximum were 0.5% (in 2005) and 55% (in 2011), respectively, and, in ground-level samples, the minimum and maximum were 0.1% (in 2002) and 83% (in 2016), respectively (See Fig. 1 and 2). Annual averages of total concentration of microorganisms ranged from < 1 to 5×105 CFU/m3 . The number of cereus-group bacteria also varied significantly from sample to sample, with averages ranging from 0.01% to 6.5% of the total number of isolated microorganisms. A total of 2.025 bacterial isolates, of which 62 formed endospores, were isolated from ground-level and highaltitude aerosol samples collected during the predominance of south-westerly winds from Kazakhstan in autumn 2016, and were characterized by increased dust-component content. Spore-forming bacteria were identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Lysinibacillus, and some others. Both high-altitude and ground-level aerosol samples were shown to contain bacteria of the cereus group: Bacillus cereus (Bc) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Bt ssp. kurstaki, Bt ssp. galleriae subspecies; Bt strains with indefinite serotype were also found. Notably, Bacillus anthracis species were not found (See Table 1). Screening for enzyme secretion revealed Bt and Bc strains with pronounced proteolytic, phosphatase, lipolytic, and amylolytic activities in a medium pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 (See Table 2). An atypical strain of B. thuringiensis Cb-527, which demonstrates high production of RNase, was isolated. All strains demonstrated hemolysis capability, were multi-resistant to antibiotics (resistant to 6-15 drugs (See Table 3), and suppressed the growth of the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, to varying degrees. The Bt Cb-527 strain, as well as several Bc strains, also effectively inhibited the growth of Gram-positive test strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Gram-negative bacterial test strains were low-sensitive to the action of metabolites of the studied Bc and Bt strains (See Table 4). In high-altitude and ground-level samples of the studied atmospheric aerosols, bacteria of the cereus group belonging to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis species were found in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 6.5% of the total number of cultured microorganisms isolated under experimental conditions. The presence of aggression enzymes such as phospholipases, hemolysins, proteases, and nucleolytic enzymes typical of representatives of these taxa, was found. We isolated Bc and Bt strains with high levels of secretion of enzymes and metabolites that possess antibiotic activity; these strains are promising as producers. The Bacillus thuringiensis Cb-527 strain (with a pronounced secretion of the RNase complex) can be used for the development of anti-RNA-containing virus drugs. The isolated Bc and Bt strains demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance, which confirms literature data on the increasing prevalence of polyresistance among the identified natural microbial isolates. The paper contains 4 Figures, 4 Tables, and 41 References.
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Complete mitogenome of the ixodid tick Dermacentor reticulatus (Acari: Ixodida). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:3366-3368. [PMID: 33458171 PMCID: PMC7782210 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1821811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Dermacentor reticulatus. The mitogenome is 14,806 bp and contains 13 protein-coding, 2 rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes, along with 2 control regions. Dermacentor reticulatus mitogenome has the common mitochondrial gene order of Metastriata ticks. It is phylogenetically close to the mitogenomes of Dermacentor ticks, of which D. everestanus mitogenome is the closest with 85.7% similarity. These data provide insights into the phylogenetic relations among Dermacentor ticks.
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[Development and assessment of a reagent kit for RNA detection of CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever virus with using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 64:571-577. [PMID: 31610111 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-9-571-577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the results of laboratory trials of the reagent kit for the rapid detection of RNA of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) using loop-mediated isothermal amplification with reverse transcription (RT-LAMP). The developed RT-LAMP reagent kit was used to detect the CCHFV and showed a sensitivity of 103 GE/ml of viral RNA, which is sufficient for detection of the CCHFV in the early stage of human infections. The kit showed high specificity and no cross-reactivity with viral panel from the State collection of viruses of the FBRI SRC VB «Vector» (arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever viruses). Laboratory trials of the RT-LAMP kit are showed a high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for RNA detection of the CCHFV and high speed of the analysis (60-70 min with sample preparation) compared to real-time PCR. Approbation of the kit field version has showed the possibility of setting the RT-LAMP reaction and viral RNA detection without the using of analytical equipments.
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Variability in the 3' untranslated regions of the genomes of the different tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes. Virus Genes 2019; 55:448-457. [PMID: 31111398 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEVs) are usually divided into three major subtypes: European (TBEV-Eu), Siberian (TBEV-Sib) and Far Eastern (TBEV-FE). The TBEV-Eu strains have the longest genomes, and TBEV-FE strains have the smallest genomes. Changes in the variable region of the untranslated region (V3' UTR) play a major role in determining the viral genome length. Analyses of the 3' UTRs of the different subtypes of TBEV have revealed significant changes in the secondary structures of the V3' UTR of TBEV. More complex secondary structures of the V3' UTR regions are typical for TBEV-Eu. The Siberian strain Tomsk-PT122 was isolated from birds and has an unusual 3' UTR. Several short fragment (24-26 nucleotides) insertions derived from the viral E (2) and NS4a (1) genes have been found in the V3' UTR of Tomsk-PT122. Additionally, the length of the V3' UTR increases from 21 to 37 nucleotides during passages of the C11-13 strain of TBEV-Sib into PEK, 293 and Neuro-2a cells. The elongation of the V3' UTRs of Tomsk-PT122 and C11-13 is the first direct evidence of an intragenomic 3' UTR modification (insertion) for TBEV. Thus, the obtained results suggest that changing the length of the V3' UTR in the genome is typical for different TBEV subtypes and can play an essential role in effective TBEV replication in different host cells.
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Detection of Rickettsia helvetica and Candidatus R. tarasevichiae DNA in Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in Northeastern European Russia (Komi Republic). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:588-592. [PMID: 28433730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number of tick-borne infections in the northern European regions of Russia has increased considerably in the last years. In the present study, 676 unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected in the Komi Republic from 2011 to 2013 to study tick-borne rickettsioses. Rickettsia spp. DNA was detected by PCR in 51 (7.6%) ticks. The nucleotide sequence analysis of gltA fragments (765bp) from 51 ticks indicated that 60.8% and 39.2% of the ticks were infected with Rickettsia helvetica and Candidatus R. tarasevichiae, respectively. The gltA fragments showed 100% identity with those of Candidatus R. tarasevichiae previously discovered in Siberia and China, whereas R. helvetica showed 99.9% sequence identity with European isolates. The ompB had 8 nucleotide substitutions, 6 of which resulted in amino acid substitutions. In the sca9 gene, 3 nucleotide substitutions were detected, and only one resulted in amino acid substitution. The smpA, ompW, and β-lactamase genes of R. helvetica also showed a high level of sequence identity.
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[THE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE DETECTION OF DNA RICKETTSIA USING TECHNIQUE OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN REAL-TIME]. Klin Lab Diagn 2015; 60:39-43. [PMID: 27032252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The article considers development of highly effective technique of detection of genetic material of ricketsia based on polymerase chain reaction in real-time using original primers to the most conservative sites of gene of citrate synthase (gItA). The analytical sensitivity of the developed polymerase chain reaction in real-time test permits to detect from 80 genome equivalents in analyzed sample during three hours. The high specificity of test-system is substantiated by detection of nucleotide sequences of amplificated fragments of gene gltA. The approbation ofthe polymerase chain reaction in real-time test is carried out on collection of 310 ticks of species I. persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi, D. reticulatus. It is demonstrated that the developed alternate ofprimers and probe permits with high degree of sensitivity and specifcity to detect DNA of different species of ricketsia widespread on territory of Russia (R. sibirica, R. raoultii, R. helvetica, R. tarasevichiae). The proposed polymerase chain reaction in real-time test can be appliedfor isolation of fragment of gene gltA with purpose for detecting nucleotide sequence and subsequent genetic typing of ricketsia. The application ofthe proposed technique can facilitate task of monitoring hot spots of ricketsiosis.
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Detection of Far-Eastern subtype of tick-borne encephalitis viral RNA in ticks collected in the Republic of Moldova. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:334-336. [PMID: 26714515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
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Imported cases of dengue fever in Russia during 2010-2013. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:90-3. [PMID: 25902020 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm dengue infection among Russian tourists returned from Southeast and Mexico in 2010-2013 with clinical signs of infection. METHODS Blood and serum samples from patients were collected. NS1 antigen and human IgM/IgG antibodies to dengue virus were identified using commercial tests manufactured by "Standard Diagnostics, INC.", Korea. ELISA test was used for the quantitative analyses of human IgM/IgG antibodies to dengue virus ("Orgenics Ltd.", Israel). Viral RNA was detected using commercial real-time PCR tests manufactured by "Genome Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd.", India and "Vector", Russia. Genotypes of revealed dengue viruses were determined employing nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 5'-UTR of the viral genome. RESULTS A total of 98 collected blood samples were analyzed. Fifty samples were positive for at least one of four markers of dengue infection. IgM to dengue virus were revealed in 38 samples, in 25 samples IgM were combined with IgG. NS1 antigen was detected in 43 samples. 22 serum samples were positive for dengue virus RNA. The majority of samples (12 patients) from tourists returned from Thailand were positive for genotype 1 of dengue virus, 2nd and 4th genotype were identified each in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS Due to laboratory confirmed cases of imported dengue fever in Russia, the differential diagnosis of dengue is strictly recommended for tourists returning from endemic areas.
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Complete mitogenome of the ixodid tick Ixodes pavlovskyi (Acari: Ixodida). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:407-8. [PMID: 24621218 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.898280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Ixodes pavlovskyi Pom., 1946 for the first time. The mitogenome is 14,575 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a control region. The overall base composition is 40.1% T, 13.8% C, 37.9% A and 8.1% G. Four protein-coding genes are initiated by ATT codon, three genes--by ATA codon and ATG start codon is found for six genes. Only tRNA-Lys, tRNA-Ile, tRNA-Arg are folded into the cloverleaf secondary structure, other tRNA have atypical structure with reduced T- or D-arms.
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Surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis virus in wild birds and ticks in Tomsk city and its suburbs (Western Siberia). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 5:145-51. [PMID: 24380691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To study the role of wild birds in the transmission of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), we investigated randomly captured wild birds bearing ixodid ticks in a very highly endemic TBE region located in Tomsk city and its suburbs in the south of Western Siberia, Russia. The 779 wild birds representing 60 species were captured carrying a total of 841 ticks, Ixodes pavlovskyi Pom., 1946 (n=531), Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch., 1930 (n=244), and Ixodes plumbeus Leach. 1815 (n=66). The highest average number of ticks per bird in a particular species was found for the fieldfare (Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758) (5.60 ticks/bird) and the tree pipit (Anthus trivialis Linnaeus, 1758) (13.25 ticks/bird). Samples from wild birds and ticks collected in highly endemic periods from 2006 to 2011 were tested for the TBEV markers using monoclonal modified enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and RT-PCR. TBEV RNA and antigen were found in 9.7% and 22.8% samples collected from wild birds, respectively. TBEV markers were also detected in 14.1% I. persulcatus ticks, 5.2% I. pavlovskyi, and 4.2% I. plumbeus ticks collected from wild birds. Two TBEV strains were also isolated on PKE (pig kidney embryo) cells from fieldfare and Blyth's reed warbler (Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, 1849). Sequencing of 5'-NCR of TBEV revealed that all TBEV isolates belong to Far Eastern (dominate) and Siberian genotypes. Several phylogenetic subgroups included TBEV sequences novel for the Tomsk region. Our data suggest that wild birds are potential disseminators of TBEV, TBEV-infected ixodid ticks, and possibly other tick-borne infections.
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Characterization of glycoprotein E C-end of West Nile virus and evaluation of its interaction force with alphaVbeta3 integrin as putative cellular receptor. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:472-80. [PMID: 20618137 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant polypeptide containing the 260-466 amino acid sequence of West Nile virus (WNV) strain LEIV-Vlg99-27889-human glycoprotein E (gpE, E(260-466)) was constructed. Immunochemical similarity between the E(260-466) and gpE of WNV was proven by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunoblot, competitive EIA, hemagglutination inhibition, and neutralization tests using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the viral gpE and recombinant E(260-466). Polypeptide E(260-466) induced formation of virus neutralizing and cross-reactive antibodies that were interactive with various epitopes of this recombinant protein. It is shown by evaluation of the interaction of E(260-466) with one of the proposed cell receptors of WNV that average E(260-466)-alphaVbeta3 integrin-specific interaction force measured using atomic force spectroscopy was 80 and 140 pN for single and double interactions, correspondingly. Taken together with previously described interaction between laminin-binding protein (LBP) and WNV gpE domain II, it is proposed that WNV gpE can interact specifically with two cellular proteins (LBP and alphaVbeta3 integrin) during virus entry.
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Variability of the tick-borne encephalitis virus genome in the 5' noncoding region derived from ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi in Western Siberia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:365-75. [PMID: 19877811 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the prevalence of Siberian and Far Eastern subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Ixodes persulcatus and Ix. pavlovskyi ticks collected in Tomsk and its suburbs during 2006-2008. The TBEV was detected in 5.7% ticks collected in the city, where Ix. pavlovskyi ticks were dominated and 7.5% ticks from suburban foci with prevalence Ix. persulcatus ticks. Genotyping of the virus showed that Siberian subtype (89.5%) is predominant in individual ticks of Tomsk suburbs; however, the proportion of Far Eastern subtype in two urban sites reached 47%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Siberian subtype variants from individual ticks were quite divergent and original. Only one subclade was found to be similar to Zausaev strain of TBEV, which is the etiological agent of lethal chronic form of tick-borne encephalitis infection. The average level of homology of 5' noncoding region (5'-NCR) of TBEV in the individual ticks was 95% for Far Eastern subtype and 89% for Siberian subtype of TBEV. Multiple substitutions in 5'-NCR were found in viral RNA derived from individual ticks. The A2 and C1 elements of Y-shaped structure and putative site for viral RNA polymerase were most variable regions for TBEV 5'-NCR. The B1 and B2 elements and the start codon were practically conserved. The viral RNA from three TBEV-infected pig kidney embryo cells after three passages (out of 21 polymerase chain reaction-positive ticks) were found to multiple substitutions in 5'-NCR in comparison with viral RNA from individual parent tick. However, these three variants did not replicate efficiently in pig kidney embryo cells that may be connected with a considerable modification of Y-shaped structure of 5'-NCR. The efficiently replicating isolate Kolarovo had only seven substitutions in the 5'-NCR and typical Y-shaped structure for Siberian subtype of TBEV. Our data support the idea that hypervariability of the 5'-NCR reflects viral strategy to select the fittest RNA molecule for productive viral infection in mammalian and tick cells.
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Abstract
We isolated a novel strain of tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Glubinnoe/2004, from a patient with a fatal case in Russia. We sequenced the strain, whose landmark features included 57 amino acid substitutions and 5 modified cleavage sites. Phylogenetically, Glubinnoe/2004 is a novel variant that belongs to the Eastern type of TBEV.
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Abstract
Background In 2005 huge epizooty of H5N1 HPAI occurred in Russia. It had been clear that territory of Russia becoming endemic for H5N1 HPAI. In 2006 several outbreaks have occurred. To develop new vaccines and antiviral therapies, animal models had to be investigated. We choose highly pathogenic strain for these studies. Results A/duck/Tuva/01/06 belongs to Quinghai-like group viruses. Molecular markers – cleavage site, K627 in PB2 characterize this virus as highly pathogenic. This data was confirmed by direct pathogenic tests: IVPI = 3.0, MLD50 = 1,4Log10EID50. Also molecular analysis showed sensivity of the virus to adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors. Serological analysis showed wide cross-reactivity of this virus with sera produced to H5N1 HPAI viruses isolated earlier in South-East Asia. Mean time to death of infected animals was 8,19+/-0,18 days. First time acute delayed hemorrhagic syndrome was observed in mice lethal model. Hypercytokinemia was determined by elevated sera levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10. Conclusion Assuming all obtained data we can conclude that basic model parameters were characterized and virus A/duck/Tuva/01/06 can be used to evaluate anti-influenza vaccines and therapeutics.
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Diversity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses that caused epizootic in Western Siberia in 2005. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2007; 414:226-30. [PMID: 17668629 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496607030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Evaluation of vaccine Encepur® Adult for induction of human neutralizing antibodies against recent Far Eastern subtype strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Vaccine 2007; 25:895-901. [PMID: 17011677 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied humoral immune response of 44 volunteers from Primorsky krai (Russia) immunized with the vaccine Encepur Adult. Induction of the humoral response towards the recently isolated tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains P-69, P-202, and P-73 was evaluated by neutralization test and enzyme immunoassay. These strains belong to Far Eastern TBEV subtype based on their genotype and antigenic structure but maintain significant genetic and antigenic variability. The average geometric titers of neutralizing antibodies to P-69, P-202, and P-73 strains were 1:28, 1:34, and 1:128, respectively. The percentage of volunteers with neutralizing antibodies to these strains after complete course immunization was 63.9, 97.6, and 95.5%, respectively. We concluded that Encepur Adult vaccine induced pronounced humoral immune response towards genetically and antigenically heterogeneous strains of the Far Eastern TBEV subtype.
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Highly pathogenic influenza virus H5N1 found in western Siberia is genetically related to viruses that circulated in Southeast Asia in 2003-2005. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2006; 406:63-5. [PMID: 16572815 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496606010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Abstract
We have developed a panel of 16 hybridomas secreting neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (Nt- MAbs) to Russian isolate (LEIV-Vlg99-27889-human) of the West Nile virus (WNV). Most of the Nt-Mabs were either IgG1 or IgG3 subtypes. Nine of the 16 neutralizing MAbs detected WNV protein E in Western blot. According to their Nt-activities, Western blot results and cross-reactivity, the MAbs were divided into four groups. Monoclonal antibodies from group I were able to neutralize WNV strains Vlg99-27889, Vlg00-27924, Hp-94, A-1640, A-72, Tur-2914, and Eg101. The Nt-activity of MAbs from groups II-IV towards these WNV strains was variable. Recombinant fragments E(1-180), E(1-321), and E(260-466) of protein E were used for preliminary mapping of domains recognized by Nt-MAbs. Only five Nt-MAbs were able to react with the recombinant polypeptides. The MAbs 9E2, 7G9, 11G3, and 7E6 from group Ia recognized Nt-epitope(s) between amino acids 321 and 466 of protein E and Nt-MAb 4F11 (group III) reacted with residues 1-180. This demonstrates that two discrete regions of protein E are involved in neutralization of WNV. Our data on immunochemical, biological activities of Nt-MAbs and mapping of Nt-epitopes using recombinant polypeptides suggest at least 13 different Nt-epitopes for WNV.
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Primary characterization of SARS coronavirus strain Frankfurt 1. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2004; 394:58-60. [PMID: 15088406 PMCID: PMC7088183 DOI: 10.1023/b:dobs.0000017131.06970.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Eight fatal cases of tick-borne encephalitis with an unusual hemorrhagic syndrome were identified in 1999 in the Novosibirsk Region, Russia. To study these strains, we sequenced cDNA fragments of protein E gene from six archival formalin-fixed brain samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed tick-borne encephalitis variants clustered with a Far Eastern subtype (homology 94.7%) but not with the Siberian subtype (82%).
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The Opisthorchis felineus paramyosin: cDNA sequence and characterization of its recombinant fragment. Parasitol Res 2002; 88:724-30. [PMID: 12122429 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-001-0514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2001] [Accepted: 07/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA sequence of Opisthorchis felineus paramyosin (PM) was determined and shown to have 66-70% homology with two schistosomes and two cestodes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an almost equal distance between O. felineus and these distinct clades. Because of its relatively low conservation, the PM gene may be a convenient genetic marker for studying phylogenetic relationships among platyhelminthes.A 25-kDa recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the central part of the full-length PM was produced. In Western blot analysis, murine hyperimmune serum against recombinant PM (recPM) detected 100-kDa polypeptides in the O. felineusegg and somatic antigens. Interactions of recPM with polyclonal anti-parasite antibodies and anti-recPM sera in ELISA with native antigens demonstrated that recPM carries a B cell epitope identical to the O. felineusnative antigen. Our sequence and immunologic data may be helpful in developing new diagnostic tools and candidate vaccines for O. felineus infection.
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