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Ishiuchi K, Morinaga O, Yoshino T, Mitamura M, Hirasawa A, Maki Y, Tashita Y, Kondo T, Ogawa K, Lian F, Ogawa-Ochiai K, Minamizawa K, Namiki T, Mimura M, Watanabe K, Makino T. Corrigendum: Identification of an alternative glycyrrhizin metabolite causing liquorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism and the development of ELISA system to detect the predictive biomarker. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1090327. [PMID: 36506582 PMCID: PMC9731148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688508.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan’ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Natural Medicines, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yoshino
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miaki Mitamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirasawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Maki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuuna Tashita
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kondo
- Department of Natural Medicines, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kakuyou Ogawa
- Department of Natural Medicines, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fangyi Lian
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Clinic of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan,*Correspondence: Toshiaki Makino,
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Ota M, Maki Y, Xu LY, Makino T. Prolonging effects of Valeriana fauriei root extract on pentobarbital-induced sleep in caffeine-induced insomnia model mice and the pharmacokinetics of its active ingredients under conditions of glycerol fatty acid ester as emulsifiers. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115625. [PMID: 35970315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Valeriana plant roots have traditionally been used to treat central nervous system-related disorders in European countries. Among this genus, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia registers the dried roots of V. fauriei Briq. (VF). However, insufficient pharmacological data are available for this species. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the sedative effects of VF extract in a murine caffeine-induced insomnia model as well as the active ingredients and their pharmacokinetics to determine its basic pharmacological action mechanisms under conditions glycerol fatty acid ester is used as emulsifiers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine insomnia model was created by caffeine. Samples derived from the ethanol extract of VF were administered per oral (p.o.), and caffeine was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Pentobarbital was injected i.p. and the sleep latency and duration were measured. To confirm the mechanism of action of VF, flumazenil, a specific γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA receptor) antagonist, was administered (i.p.) immediately prior to the sample administration. We examined the pharmacokinetic profiles of the active ingredients in the plasma, brain, urine, and feces of mice after the administration (p.o and intravenous (i.v.)) of VF samples. RESULTS VF extract (5 g as VF/kg, p.o.) significantly shorten sleep latency and prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep in caffeine-induced insomnia mice, partially mediated via the GABAergic nervous system, although a higher dose (10 g as VF/kg, p.o.) was required to exhibit the significant effects in normal mice. Kessyl glycol diacetate (KGD), the main constitutive compound in VF, did not shorten sleep latency but exhibited the same sleep prolonged effect at a dose related to VF extract. The concentration of kessyl glycol 8-acetate (KG8) in the plasma was higher than that of KGD in mice treated (p.o.) with VF extract. The profiles of brain concentrations of KGD and KG8 were similar to those in the plasma, and approximately 20% of those in the plasma were distributed throughout the brain. The excretions of KGD and KG8 in urine and feces was slightly detected, and an unknown large peak related to KG8 was detected in the urine of mice administered with VF extract by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. CONCLUSIONS VF exhibits more sedative effects under stressed conditions, such as insomnia, and the major active ingredients are KGD and its metabolite KG8, which are distributed from the blood circulation into the brain by simple diffusion. KG8 is further metabolized into other metabolites that are easily excreted in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan; Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Maki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan; Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Ling-Yu Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Maki Y, Natsume J, Ito Y, Okai Y, Bagarinao E, Yamamoto H, Ogaya S, Takeuchi T, Fukasawa T, Sawamura F, Mitsumatsu T, Maesawa S, Saito R, Takahashi Y, Kidokoro H. Involvement of the Thalamus, Hippocampus, and Brainstem in Hypsarrhythmia of West Syndrome: Simultaneous Recordings of Electroencephalography and fMRI Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1502-1507. [PMID: 36137665 PMCID: PMC9575537 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE West syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by epileptic spasms, neurodevelopmental regression, and a specific EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia. Our aim was to investigate the brain activities related to hypsarrhythmia at onset and focal epileptiform discharges in the remote period in children with West syndrome using simultaneous electroencephalography and fMRI recordings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen children with West syndrome underwent simultaneous electroencephalography and fMRI at the onset of West syndrome. Statistically significant blood oxygen level-dependent responses related to hypsarrhythmia were analyzed using an event-related design of 4 hemodynamic response functions with peaks at 3, 5, 7, and 9 seconds after the onset of each event. Six of 14 children had focal epileptiform discharges after treatment and underwent simultaneous electroencephalography and fMRI from 12 to 25 months of age. RESULTS At onset, positive blood oxygen level-dependent responses were seen in the brainstem (14/14 patients), thalami (13/14), basal ganglia (13/14), and hippocampi (13/14), in addition to multiple cerebral cortices. Group analysis using hemodynamic response functions with peaks at 3, 5, and 7 seconds showed positive blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the brainstem, thalamus, and hippocampus, while positive blood oxygen level-dependent responses in multiple cerebral cortices were seen using hemodynamic response functions with peaks at 5 and 7 seconds. In the remote period, 3 of 6 children had focal epileptiform discharge-related positive blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the thalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem. CONCLUSIONS Positive blood oxygen level-dependent responses with hypsarrhythmia appeared in the brainstem, thalamus, and hippocampus on earlier hemodynamic response functions than the cerebral cortices, suggesting the propagation of epileptogenic activities from the deep brain structures to the neocortices. Activation of the hippocampus, thalamus, and brainstem was still seen in half of the patients with focal epileptiform discharges after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
| | - J Natsume
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
- Developmental Disability Medicine (J.N.)
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Ito
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics (Y.I.), Aichi Prefectural Mikawa Aoitori Medical and Rehabilitation Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Y Okai
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (Y.O.), Toyota Municipal Child Development Center, Toyota, Japan
| | - E Bagarinao
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ogaya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (S.O.), Aichi Developmental Disability Center Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - T Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics (T.T.), Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital
| | - T Fukasawa
- Nagoya, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (T.F.), Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - F Sawamura
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
| | - T Mitsumatsu
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
| | - S Maesawa
- Neurosurgery (S.M., R.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Saito
- Neurosurgery (S.M., R.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
| | - H Kidokoro
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (Y.M., J.N., Y.I., Y.O., H.Y., F.S., T.M., Y.T., H.K.)
- Brain and Mind Research Center (J.N., Y.I., Y.O., E.B., H.Y., S.M., H.K.), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ota M, Ni H, Maki Y, Kato D, Moriguchi S, Nakayama S, Oiwa Y, Ishiuchi K, Makino T. Binding activity of Valeriana fauriei root extract on GABA A receptor flunitrazepam sites and distribution of its active ingredients in the brain of mice - A comparison with that of V. officinalis root. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114262. [PMID: 34116188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Valeriana fauriei root (VF) is a crude drug registered in the Japanese Pharmacopeia 17th Edition and a known substitute for V. officinalis (VO). Although VO has been pharmacologically evaluated for its sedative effects and mechanism of action, data regarding VF remain scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY We compared the binding affinity of VF and VO extracts, as well as examined the active ingredients in the VF extract, on flunitrazepam sites of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA receptor). Furthermore, we confirmed whether these active ingredients were distributed in the brain of mice orally administered the VF extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared the assay system to evaluate the binding activity of flunitrazepam sites of GABAA receptor using a 96-well plate and assessed the activities of VF and VO extracts. We then analyzed their constituents using HPLC with principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated active ingredients correlated with their activities. The distribution of active ingredients in the plasma and brain of mice orally administered the VF extract prepared with different emulsifiers were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The ethanol extract of VF exhibited significantly higher activity on flunitrazepam sites of GABAA receptor than VO. For the VF extract, kessyl glycol diacetate (KGD) was markedly associated with the binding activities; however, active ingredients included KGD, kessyl glycol 8-acetate (KG8), α-kessyl acetate (α-KA), and coniferyl isovalerate (CI). For VO, valerenic acid and five other compounds were associated with the binding affinity on flunitrazepam sites of GABAA receptor. On emulsifying the VF extract with a fat-soluble glycerin fatty acid ester, the plasma and brain distributions of KGD tended to be higher, those of KG8 were significantly more than 10-times higher, and those of α-KA was lower than those of the VF extract emulsified with water-soluble gum arabic, after oral administration in mice. CONCLUSIONS Based on the binding activity on flunitrazepam sites of GABAA receptor and brain distribution, KGD, KG8, and α-KA can be considered active ingredients of VF. The addition of a fat-soluble emulsifier promoted the absorption of KGD, the main active ingredient, and KGD was metabolized to KG8 in the body. The present results suggest a possible mechanism underlying the sedative effect for VF, and these three compounds can be used as marker compounds to evaluate the quality of VF products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan; Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Hao Ni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Maki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan; Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Daiki Kato
- Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Shohei Moriguchi
- Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Shuto Nakayama
- Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Kuki Sangyo Co., Ltd., 11 Onoe-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie, 510-0059, Japan.
| | - Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Ishiuchi K, Morinaga O, Yoshino T, Mitamura M, Hirasawa A, Maki Y, Tashita Y, Kondo T, Ogawa K, Lian F, Ogawa-Ochiai K, Minamizawa K, Namiki T, Mimura M, Watanabe K, Makino T. Identification of an Alternative Glycyrrhizin Metabolite Causing Liquorice-Induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism and the Development of ELISA System to Detect the Predictive Biomarker. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:688508. [PMID: 34079468 PMCID: PMC8165744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquorice is usually used as crude drug in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Liquorice-containing glycyrrhizin (GL) can cause pseudohyperaldosteronism as a side effect. Previously, we identified 18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (3) as a GL metabolite in Eisai hyperbilirubinuria rats (EHBRs) with the dysfunction of multidrug resistance-related protein (Mrp2). We speculated that 3 was associated with the onset of liquorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism, because it was mainly detected in serum of patients with suspected to have this condition. However, it is predicted that other metabolites might exist in the urine of EHBRs orally treated with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). We explored other metabolites in the urine of EHBRs, and investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles of the new metabolite in EHBRs and normal Sprague-Dawley rats. We further analyzed the serum concentrations of the new metabolite in the patients of pseudohyperaldosteronism. Finally, we developed the analyzing method of these metabolites as a preventive biomarker for the onset of pseudohyperaldosteronism using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We isolated a new GL metabolite, 18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate-30-O-glucuronide (4). Compound 4 significantly inhibited rat type-2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) and was a substrate of both organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3. Compound 4 was also detected in the serum of patients with suspected pseudohyperaldosteronism at an approximately 10-fold lower concentrations than 3, and these concentrations were positively correlated. Compound 4 showed a lower serum concentration and weaker inhibitory titer on 11β-HSD2 than 3. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using an anti-18β-glycyrrhetyl-3-O-glucuronide (3MGA) monoclonal antibody to measure the serum concentration of 3 to facilitate the measurement of biomarkers to predict the onset of pseudohyperaldosteronism. Although we found 4 as the secondary candidate causative agent, 3 could be the main potent preventive biomarker of liquorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism. Compound 3 was detected in serum at a higher concentration than GA and 4, implying that 3 may be a pharmacologically active ingredient mediating not only the development of pseudohyperaldosteronism but anti-inflammatory effects in humans administered GL or other liquorice-containing preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Natural Medicines, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yoshino
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miaki Mitamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirasawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Maki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuuna Tashita
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kondo
- Department of Natural Medicines, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kakuyou Ogawa
- Department of Natural Medicines, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fangyi Lian
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Clinic of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan,*Correspondence: Toshiaki Makino,
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Abstract
Population-based studies on dementia prevention have focused on exercise, nutrition, and maintaining social involvement and the effectiveness of these interventions has been determined based on cognitive functions assessed using standardized tests, such as memory function (1, 2). However, the question arises whether all human cognitive functions can be measured with standardized cognitive tests alone. The human brain is assumed to have evolved for cooperation in social settings, and altruistic behaviors and cooperative behaviors have been found mostly in humans. Thus social cognition, which is difficult to be measured with standardized cognitive tests, can be the essence of human cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- Yohko Maki, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Japan,
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Yamashita M, Maki Y, Sugimoto R, Ueno T, Toyooka S. P3.17-21 Surgical Treatment for Centrally Located or Hilar Invasive Locally Advanced Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Iwase M, Kikuchi M, Nunoi K, Wakisaka M, Maki Y, Sadoshima S, Fujishima M. Blood Pressure Changes in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats with Neonatal Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07300077.1987.11983332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Iwase
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
| | - M Kikuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
| | - K Nunoi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
| | - M Wakisaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
| | - Y Maki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
| | - S Sadoshima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
| | - M Fujishima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812, Japan
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Maki Y, Ueno T, Sugimoto R, Harada D, Uwatsu K, Kozuki T, Nishikawa A, Nogami N, Kataoka M, Yamashita M. P2.05-009 Outcome of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Clinical Stage I Non Small Cell Lung Cancer and CT Findings: Comparison with Surgical Resection. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED We report on the outcomes of flexor tendon repair in zone 2 subzones with early active mobilization in 102 fingers in 88 consecutive patients. There were 28, 53, 15, and six fingers with repairs in zones 2A to 2D, respectively. Rupture of the repair occurred in four fingers, all in zone 2B. Excluding those with repair ruptures, the mean total active motion was 230° (range 143°-286°). Evaluated with Tang's criteria, the outcomes were ranked excellent in 39 fingers, good in 46, fair in ten, poor in three, and failure in four. The outcomes in zone 2C were significantly inferior to those in zones 2B and 2D ( p = 0.02). Our results suggest that the tendon laceration in the area covered by the A2 pulley (zone 2C) is the most difficult area to obtain satisfactory active digital motion and tendon repair in zone 2B is the area where the risk of rupture is highest. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moriya
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Yoshizu
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Tsubokawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Narisawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Matsuzawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Maki
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
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Maki Y, Mitsui T, Nagahama K, Takahashi A, Kaji R. Parkin is associated with miRNA processing. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ueki K, Inoue M, Maki Y. Validity of the Monte Carlo Method for Shielding Analysis of a Spent-Fuel Shipping Cask: Comparison with Experiment. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse83-a17795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ueki
- Ship Research Institute, Nuclear Ship Division, 6-38-1 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan
| | - M. Inoue
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Structure Department, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Ibaraki 270-11, Japan
| | - Y. Maki
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Structure Department, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Ibaraki 270-11, Japan
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13
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Moriya K, Yoshizu T, Tsubokawa N, Narisawa H, Hara K, Maki Y. Clinical results of releasing the entire A2 pulley after flexor tendon repair in zone 2C. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2016; 41:822-8. [PMID: 27178574 DOI: 10.1177/1753193416646521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report the results of complete release of the entire A2 pulley after zone 2C flexor tendon repair followed by early postoperative active mobilization in seven fingers and their comparisons with 33 fingers with partial A2 pulley release. In seven fingers, release of the entire A2 pulley was necessary to allow free gliding of the repairs in five fingers and complete release of both the A2 and C1 pulleys was necessary in two. No bowstringing was clinically evident in any finger. Two fingers required tenolysis. Using Tang's criteria, the function of two digits was ranked as excellent, four good and one fair; there was no failure. The functional return in these seven fingers was similar with that in 33 fingers with partial A2 pulley release; in these patients only one finger required tenolysis. Our results support the suggestion that release of the entire A2 pulley together with the adjacent C1 pulley does not clinically affect finger motion or cause tendon bowstringing, provided that the other pulleys are left intact. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moriya
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Yoshizu
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Tsubokawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Narisawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Hara
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Maki
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
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Moriya K, Yoshizu T, Tsubokawa N, Narisawa H, Hara K, Maki Y. Outcomes of release of the entire A4 pulley after flexor tendon repairs in zone 2A followed by early active mobilization. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2016; 41:400-5. [PMID: 26676484 DOI: 10.1177/1753193415619082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the outcomes of repair of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon in zone 2a in 22 fingers. The tendon was repaired with a six-strand repair method and the A4 pulley was completely released. Release of the C2 pulley combined with the A4 pulley was necessary in 12 fingers, nine fingers underwent a complete release of the A3, C2, and A4 pulleys, and one finger underwent a release of the C1, A3, C2, and A4 pulleys. The mean total active motion of the three finger joints was 234° at 5 to 12 months of follow-up. No bowstringing was noted in these fingers. The good and excellent recovery of active digital motion was in 20 (91%) out of 22 fingers according to Strickland's criteria or Tang's criteria. Our results suggest that release of the A3, C2, and A4 pulleys makes the repair surgery easier and does not cause tendon bowstringing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moriya
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Yoshizu
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Tsubokawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Narisawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Hara
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Maki
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- K Imao
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
| | - N Tsubokawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
| | - Y Maki
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
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16
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Nomura H, Hatogai K, Suzuki S, Maki Y, Mochizuki N, Tanaka M, Kojima T, Saito S. 1627 Febrile neutropenia in patients with esophageal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Moriya K, Yoshizu T, Maki Y, Tsubokawa N, Narisawa H, Endo N. Clinical outcomes of early active mobilization following flexor tendon repair using the six-strand technique: short- and long-term evaluations. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:250-8. [PMID: 25249185 DOI: 10.1177/1753193414551682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the factors influencing outcomes of flexor tendon repair in 112 fingers using a six-strand suture with the Yoshizu #1 technique and early postoperative active mobilization in 101 consecutive patients. A total of 32 fingers had injuries in Zone I, 78 in Zone II, and two in Zone III. The mean follow-up period was 6 months; 16 patients (19 fingers) participated in long-term follow-up of 2 to 16 years. The total active motion was 230° SD 29°; it correlated negatively with age. The total active motion was 231° SD 28° after repair of the lacerated flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, and was 205° SD 37° after excision of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon ends (p = 0.0093). A total of 19 fingers showed no significant increases in total active motion more than 2 years after surgery. The rupture rate was 5.4% in our patients and related to surgeons' level of expertise. Five out of six ruptured tendons were repaired by inexperienced surgeons. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moriya
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Yoshizu
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Maki
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Tsubokawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Narisawa
- Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Endo
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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18
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Mikami B, Maki Y, Hashizume R, Mizutani K, Takahashi N, Matsubara H, Sugita A, Sato K, Yamaguchi S. Crystal structure of enzyme–substrate complex of protein-glutaminase obtained by the mutant of pro-enzyme. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312096766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Maki Y. UP-01.101 Clinical Value of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Nonaka K, Honda Y, Gushima R, Maki Y, Sakurai K, Iyama K, Sasaki Y. Narrow-band imaging of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma originating in the duodenum. Endoscopy 2011; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E113-4. [PMID: 21425001 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Nonaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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21
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Clarkson J, Watt R, Rugg-Gunn A, Pitiphat W, Ettinger R, Horowitz A, Petersen P, ten Cate J, Vianna R, Ferrillo P, Gugushe T, Siriphant P, Pine C, Buzalaf M, Pessan J, Levy S, Chankanka O, Maki Y, Postma T, Villena R, Wang W, MacEntee M, Shinsho F, Cal E, Rudd R, Schou L, Shin S, Fox C. Proceedings: 9th World Congress on Preventive Dentistry (WCPD) “Community Participation and Global Alliances for Lifelong Oral Health for All,” Phuket, Thailand, September 7—10, 2009. Adv Dent Res 2010; 22:2-30. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510368756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Clarkson
- Dental School, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R.G. Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London,
United Kingdom
| | - A.J. Rugg-Gunn
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - W. Pitiphat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - R.L. Ettinger
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dows Institute for
Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - A.M. Horowitz
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College
Park, USA
| | - P.E. Petersen
- World Health Organization, Global Oral Health Programme,
WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J.M. ten Cate
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Academic
Center for Dentistry-Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Vianna
- Dental School, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P. Ferrillo
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of
Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T.S. Gugushe
- School of Dentistry, University of Limpopo, MEDUNSA
Campus, South Africa
| | - P. Siriphant
- Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum-Thani,
Thailand
| | - C. Pine
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Practice
and Research, University of Salford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S. Levy
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Y. Maki
- Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - T.C. Postma
- Department of Dental Management Sciences, School of
Dentistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R.S. Villena
- Social Dentistry Department. Peruvian University Cayetano
Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - W.J. Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology,
Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M.I. MacEntee
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F. Shinsho
- Nankoh Community Dental Health Center, Sayo, Hyogo,
Japan
| | - E. Cal
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege
University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - R.E. Rudd
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L. Schou
- Department of Community Dentistry and Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S.C. Shin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Dankook University,
Yongin, Korea
| | - C.H. Fox
- IADR Global Headquarters, Alexandria, VA, USA
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22
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Asaumi JI, Hisatomi M, Yanagi Y, Unetsubo T, Maki Y, Matsuzaki H, Honda Y, Konouchi H. Evaluation of panoramic radiographs taken at the initial visit at a department of paediatric dentistry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:340-3. [PMID: 18757719 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/31214423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine oral and maxillofacial lesions other than those related to the chief complaint in panoramic radiographs taken at the department of paediatric dentistry at our hospital. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all 1092 patients who had visited the department of paediatric dentistry at our hospital and had a panoramic radiograph taken between August 1999 and October 2004. The following information was obtained from the patients' files and panoramic radiographs: gender, age, chief complaints and the presence or absence of lesions. RESULTS Lesions were observed in 140 of the 1092 panoramic radiographs (12.8%). Among the 140 patients discovered to have lesions in the panoramic radiographs, 66 (47.1%, or 6.05% of the entire group of 1092 patients) had different lesions from those underlying the chief complaint. These 66 patients ages ranged from 3 years to 14 years and the lesions involved 39 (59.1%) missing teeth, 20 (30.3%) mesiodentes, 4 supernumerary teeth, 1 odontoma, 1 radicular cyst and 1 impacted tooth. The missing teeth were observed in the central and lateral incisor, canine, and first and second premolar positions of both jaws, especially in the lower lateral incisor and upper central incisor positions. CONCLUSIONS We were able to detect incidental lesions at a rate of 6.05% (66 of 1092 patients) and at a relatively early age (mean 6.8 years) in the present study. Early treatment of these lesions could avoid maxillofacial deformity and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-I Asaumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Field of Tumor Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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23
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Kato M, Claveria FG, Maki Y, Sanda K, Tanaka T, Omata Y, Nagasawa H, Suzuki N. Reactivity of Synthetic SAG1 (p30) Peptide Sequences with RH, S273 and Beverley Strain-Induced Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies. Pathobiology 2007; 74:50-6. [PMID: 17496433 DOI: 10.1159/000101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the reactivity of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in mouse sera after infection with virulent RH and low-virulent S273 and Beverley strains of Toxoplasma gondii against RH SAG1 recombinant p30 (rp30) and synthetic SAG1 peptides. METHODS Infected mouse serum samples were collected 9 days after infection, and the level of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a against the RH SAG1 rp30 protein and twenty peptides of the RH SAG1 protein were assessed. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) modification site, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic structure, the transmembrane region and the secondary structure of the SAG1 sequence of virulent and low-virulent strains were analyzed using software. RESULTS The virulent strain-infected mice produced a higher level of IgG1 but a lower IgG2a against the rp30 antigen, while the low-virulent strain-infected mice produced a higher level of IgG2a than the virulent strain. The difference in the secondary structure of SAG1 protein between the virulent and low-virulent strain was largely confined to amino acid positions 291-336, showing mutations and GPI anchor site. CONCLUSION The difference in the reactivity of IgG against the rp30 antigen and synthetic peptides between virulent and low-virulent strains points to the importance of the primary and secondary structure assumed by antigens in the activation of Th cells and, subsequently, in the induction of IgG and its subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kato
- Obihiro University, Obihiro, Japan
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Shikata N, Maki Y, Noguchi Y, Mori M, Hanai T, Takahashi M, Okamoto M. Multi-layered network structure of amino acid (AA) metabolism characterized by each essential AA-deficient condition. Amino Acids 2006; 33:113-21. [PMID: 17031477 PMCID: PMC7088186 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of free amino acids in plasma change coordinately and their profiles show distinctive features in various physiological conditions; however, their behavior can not always be explained by the conventional flow-based metabolic pathway network. In this study, we have revealed the interrelatedness of the plasma amino acids and inferred their network structure with threshold-test analysis and multilevel-digraph analysis methods using the plasma samples of rats which are fed diet deficient in single essential amino acid. In the inferred network, we could draw some interesting interrelations between plasma amino acids as follows: 1) Lysine is located at the top control level and has effects on almost all of the other plasma amino acids. 2) Threonine plays a role in a hub in the network, which has direct links to the most number of other amino acids. 3) Threonine and methionine are interrelated to each other and form a loop structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shikata
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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25
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Liu S, Ishikawa H, Tsuyama N, Li FJ, Abroun S, Otsuyama KI, Zheng X, Ma Z, Maki Y, Iqbal MS, Obata M, Kawano MM. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis in CD45(+) myeloma cells accompanied by the increased expression of VDAC1. Oncogene 2006; 25:419-29. [PMID: 16247487 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CD45 is quite variable in human myeloma cells and cell lines, such as U266, and CD45(+) U266 proliferates in response to a growth factor, interleukin-6. Here, we show that CD45(+) myeloma cell lines were more sensitive to various apoptotic stimuli, such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, than CD45(-) cells. Reactive oxygen species and calcium ion seemed to be involved in the susceptibility to apoptosis of CD45(+) U266. The activation of the src family kinases associated with CD45 phosphatase played an important role in the augmented apoptosis in CD45(+) U266 by oxidative stress. These results indicate that the CD45-expression renders myeloma cells competent for not only mitogenic but also apoptotic stimuli, resulting in either proliferation or apoptosis of CD45(+) myeloma cells dependently upon the circumstantial stimuli. Furthermore, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) 1 was identified as a gene highly expressed in CD45(+) U266 by cDNA subtraction. The increased expression of VDAC1 seemed to augment the sensitivity to the ER-stress because the VDAC1-transfected U266 was more susceptible to the thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. Thus, CD45 expression accompanied by the increased VDAC1 expression sensitizes myeloma cells to the various extracellular stimuli that trigger apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular Signal Analysis, Department of Bio-Signal Analysis, Applied Medical Engineering Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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26
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Matsumoto Y, Sugihara N, Koseki M, Maki Y. A Rapid and Quantitative Detection System for Streptococcus mutans in Saliva Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Caries Res 2005; 40:15-9. [PMID: 16352875 DOI: 10.1159/000088900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new semiquantitative enumeration system was developed to detect Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Using species-specific monoclonal antibodies, the system quickly detected salivary S. mutans in 30 min and classified the results into three levels. In this study, saliva samples collected from 28 young adults aged between 22 and 24 years were subjected to the monoclonal antibody-based detecting system and selective medium-based detecting methods. The results generated from the PCR-confirmed culture method indicated the mean salivary S. mutans counts at level 1, 2 and 3 were 5.7 x 10(4), 1.3 x 10(5) and 3.4 x 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively. The differences between level 3 and 1 and level 3 and 2 were statistically significant (one-way ANOVA; p < 0.01). The results generated from the system were consistent with the data generated from two culture-based commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsumoto
- GC Corporation, Research and Developmental Department, Oral Health Care Group, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Kato M, Claveria FG, Maki Y, Tanaka T, Suzuki N, Nagasawa H. Toxoplasma gondii antigens GRA1 (p24) and SAG1 (p30): a comparison of their stimulatory influence on T-cell activation and cytokine expression in in vitro cultures. Pathobiology 2005; 72:160-4. [PMID: 15860934 DOI: 10.1159/000084120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of recombinant cell surface SAG1 (rp30) and secretory GRA1 (rp24) antigens (Ag) on T-cell activation and cytokine induction in vitro was compared. T-cell activity and the level of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 expression in rp30-immunized T cells were considerably increased in the presence of rp30 Ags. IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies (Ab) were detected in sera of rp24- and rp30-immunized mice, with the secretory rp24 Ag having induced significantly higher titer of IgG1 Ab. In vitro, the greater antigenicity of surface rp30 Ag was notable based on the level of T-cell activation, and cytokine synthesis suggestive of the participation of Th1 cells. Although, IFN-gamma expression by rp24 Ag was lower compared to rp30 Ag, the synthesis of both IgG2a and IgG1 Abs reflects the protective nature of rp24 Ag. We have generated two recombinant Toxoplasma gondii Ags that demonstrated differences in antigenicity in vitro. It would be interesting to evaluate the mechanism(s) of immunity induced by SAG1 (p30) and GRA1 (p24) Ags against infection with T. gondii in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kato
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University-Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate oral symptoms and clinical parameters in dry eye patients. Subjective reports of the sensation of a dry mouth, salivary flow rates, and clinical parameters of oral disease related to three different types of dry eye patients were examined. SUBJECTS AND METHODS There were 224 individuals, including dry eye patients and control subjects. The dry eye patients were classified into three types: patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS-DE), patients without SS-DE (non-SS-DE), and patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS-DE). Salivary flow rates were measured using two kinds of sialometry. Subjective and objective oral symptoms and signs were also examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Over half of the dry eye patients complained of a dry mouth. The flow rates of their stimulated whole saliva and parotid saliva were significantly lower than those of the control groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The sensation of a dry mouth and changes in oral soft tissues, dental caries, and oral Candida frequently occurred in dry eye patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koseki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
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29
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Seng S, Makala LHC, Maki Y, Choi Y, Yokoyama M, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y, Nagasawa H. Unresponsiveness to surface antigen 1 modifies cytokine profiles in acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Pathobiology 2003; 70:237-46. [PMID: 12679602 DOI: 10.1159/000069335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2002] [Accepted: 12/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii involves the development of a highly polarized Th1-type cytokine expression. SAG1 transgenic mice are highly susceptible to T. gondii infection due to their non-reactivity to SAG1 of the protozoan parasite. Here we describe cytokine profiles during the acute phase of T. gondii infection, which are associated with the susceptibility of SAG1 transgenic mice. SAG1 transgenic mice showed a 4.5-fold increase in susceptibility upon inoculation with a sublethal dose of the Beverley strain of T. gondii compared to their wild-type counterparts (mortality: 81 vs. 18%, respectively). When analysis of the most important cytokines involved in the mediation of resistance to infection was carried out, SAG1 transgenic mice exhibited low production levels of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in sera during the acute phase of T. gondii infection. Antibody and T cells specific for SAG1 were not mounted upon SAG1 stimulation in SAG1 transgenic mice. Moreover, in vitro studies indicated that in SAG1 transgenic mice IFN-gamma and IL-12 production was lower than in their wild-type counterparts, although levels of TNF-alpha increased in SAG1 transgenic mice on day 9 after infection. Low IgG2a levels were detected in SAG1 transgenic mouse sera. Unresponsiveness to SAG1 of T. gondii renders SAG1 transgenic mice unable to develop a strong Th1-based protection against T. gondii infection. These results provide evidence that SAG1 is a pivotal antigen involved in the induction of immune responses towards the development of Th1-protective immunity during T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Tsushima T, Nasu Y, Saika T, Maki Y, Noda M, Suyama B, Yamato T, Kumon H. Optimal starting time for flutamide to prevent disease flare in prostate cancer patients treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Urol Int 2001; 66:135-9. [PMID: 11316974 DOI: 10.1159/000056592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flare-up phenomena, such as an increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or deterioration of symptoms, are observed in some patients undergoing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy. This study was carried out to determine the optimal time for starting the administration of flutamide to prevent flare-up phenomena. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with prostate cancer and elevated serum levels of PSA were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Group A patients (n = 6) were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot alone. Group B, C, D and E patients (5 patients in each group) were treated with 375 mg/day of orally administered flutamide combined with leuprorelin. Flutamide was initiated on the day of leuprorelin injection in group B, and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks before leuprorelin injection in groups C, D and E, respectively. Serum PSA and testosterone levels were measured in each patient. RESULTS Pretreatment with flutamide increased the serum testosterone level, but the testosterone surge after leuprorelin administration was almost the same in all 5 treatment groups. In patients who had been treated with flutamide in combination with leuprorelin, the mean PSA level did not exceed the pretreatment levels after leuprorelin administration. The rate of decrease in PSA in the group receiving simultaneous administration of flutamide with leuprorelin showed a decline comparable to that during the period before leuprorelin administration in the flutamide pretreatment groups. CONCLUSION Simultaneous administration of flutamide with a GnRH agonist is sufficient to prevent flare-up phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsushima
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
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Nagaki M, Kimura K, Kimura H, Maki Y, Goto E, Nishino T, Koyama T. Artificial substrates of medium-chain elongating enzymes, hexaprenyl- and heptaprenyl diphosphate synthases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2157-9. [PMID: 11514159 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the reactivity of 3-alkyl group homologues of farnesyl diphosphate or isopentenyl diphosphate for medium-chain prenyl diphosphate synthases, hexaprenyl diphosphate- or heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase. But-3-enyl diphosphate, which lacks the methyl group at the 3-position of isopentenyl diphosphate, condensed only once with farnesyl diphosphate to give E-norgeranylgeranyl diphosphate by the action of either enzyme. However, norfarnesyl diphosphate was never accepted as an allylic substrate at all. 3-Ethylbut-3-enyl diphosphate also reacted with farnesyl diphosphate giving a mixture of (all-E)-3-ethyl-7,11,15-trimethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraenyl- and (all-E)-3,7-diethyl-11,15,19-trimethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaenyl diphosphates by hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase. On the other hand, heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase reaction of 3-ethylbut-3-enyl diphosphate with farnesyl diphosphate gave only (all-E)-3-ethyl-7,11,15-trimethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraenyl diphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Aomori, Japan.
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Abstract
We propose a system named AIGNET (Algorithms for Inference of Genetic Networks), and introduce two top-down approaches for the inference of interrelated mechanism among genes in genetic network that is based on the steady state and temporal analyses of gene expression patterns against some kinds of gene perturbations such as disruption or overexpression. The former analysis is performed by a static Boolean network model based on multi-level digraph, and the latter one is by S-system model. By integrating these two analyses, we show our strategy is flexible and rich in structure to treat gene expression patterns; we applied our strategy to the inference of a genetic network that is composed of 30 genes as a case study. Given the gene expression time-course data set under the conditions of wild-type and the deletion of one gene, our system enabled us to reconstruct the same network architecture as original one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering & Science, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4, Kawazu, Iizuka-city, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
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35
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Maki Y. [A behavioral and neurochemical study on the mechanism of the anxiolytic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors]. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi 2001; 76:133-42. [PMID: 11481866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The author examined the acute anxiolytic effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on freezing behavior, a putative index of anxiety, induced by conditioned fear stress. The selective serotonin1A receptor agonist inhibited freezing dose dependently. The irreversible, non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors tranylcypromine (3 and 15 mg/kg) and phenelzine (30 and 80 mg/kg) reduced freezing significantly. Clorgyline (10 mg/kg, irreversible selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor), Ro 41-1049 (30 mg/kg, reversible selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor), selegiline (3 mg/kg, irreversible selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor) and lazabemide (10 mg/kg, reversible selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor) had no effect on freezing behavior. However, combined administration of clorgyline (10 mg/kg) and selegiline (3 mg/kg) reduced freezing significantly, as well as combined administration of clorgyline (10 mg/kg) and lazabemide (10 mg/kg), Ro 41-1049 (30 mg/kg) and selegiline (3 mg/kg), or Ro 41-1049 (30 mg/kg) and lazabemide (10 mg/kg). These effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on freezing were not due to non-specific motor effects. These results suggest that acute inhibition of both monoamine oxidase A and B reduces anxiety or fear, while inhibition of monoamine oxidase A or B alone fails to reduce anxiety or fear. In vivo microdialysis studies showed that the irreversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor clorgyline and the irreversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline induced a mild increase and no increase in extracellular serotonin, respectively. Interestingly, the combined treatment with clorgyline and selegiline resulted in much larger increases in extracellular serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex than did either monoamine oxidase inhibitor alone. Our previous studies have indicated that facilitation of 5-HT neurotransmission decreases conditioned freezing, i.e., anxiety or fear. The results of these in vivo microdialysis studies may account for the results of this study that the simultaneous blockade of both monoamine oxidase A and B reduced conditioned freezing, whereas blockade of either monoamine oxidase alone failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, Neural Function, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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36
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Tsushima T, Kobashi K, Akebi N, Yamato T, Asahi T, Maki Y, Ohmori H. [Early phase II study of amrubicin (SM-5887) for superficial bladder cancer: a dose-finding study for intravesical chemotherapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001; 28:483-91. [PMID: 11329782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
An early phase II study (dose-finding study) of amrubicin hydrochloride for superficial bladder cancer was conducted. Amrubicin was dissolved in 30 ml of physiological saline and injected intravesically for 6 consecutive days. The drug solution was retained for 2 hours. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups, which were administered amrubicin at doses of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/day, respectively. Of 65 patients registered in this study, 63 were eligible and assessable for toxicities, and 55 assessable for efficacy. The response rate at each dose level was 50.0% (7PRs/14 patients) at 30 mg/day, 53.3% (8 PRs/15) at 60 mg/day, 61.5% (2 CRs + 6 PRs/13) at 90 mg/day, and 69.2% (2 CRs + 7 PRs/13) at 120 mg/day, respectively. These data suggests that the efficacy was related to the doses of amrubicin. The major toxicities were cystic irritabilities, such as micturition pain, pollakisuria and hematuria. These toxicities were related to the doses of amrubicin. Their incidence and the severity were not high compared with those reported about other anthracyclines such as doxorubicin and epirubicin. The optimal dose of amrubicin was estimated to be 90 to 120 mg/day in the intravesical treatment for superficial bladder cancer once a day for 6 consecutive days.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsushima
- Dept. of Urology, Okayama University Medical School
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37
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Shirakura T, Maki Y, Yoshida H, Arisue N, Wada A, Sánchez LB, Nakamura F, Müller M, Hashimoto T. Characterization of the ribosomal proteins of the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 112:153-6. [PMID: 11166398 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shirakura
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 4-6-7 Minami-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8569, Japan
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38
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Kinoshita H, Maki Y, Nakai R, Sen K, Shibai H. Competitive Amino Acid Transport between <sc><font size = -1>L</font></sc>-Tryptophan and Other Amino Acids in Schizophyllum commune. J Biosci Bioeng 2001; 92:556-9. [PMID: 16233145 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.92.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Accepted: 09/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our study on nutritional requirement for the hyphal growth of Schizophyllum commune, we found that a Trp- mutant could not grow in the L-Trp-supplied medium in the presence of L-Ser. Further growth studies showed that not only L-Ser but also as many as 11 kinds of amino acid including L-Ala, L-Arg, L-Asn, L-His, L-Leu, L-Met, L-Phe, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Tyr and L-Val inhibited the growth of the Trp- mutant in the L-Trp-supplied medium. However, these amino acids did not inhibit the growth of a Trp+ strain. The inhibition of growth of Trp+ strain induced by a Trp analogue of 5-fluoro-DL-tryptophan (5FT), which was usually recovered by L-Trp, was rescued by the same amino acids mentioned above. The exceptions were Gly and L-Ile, which also recovered the growth inhibition induced by 5FT. These results indicate that the permease responsible for the Trp transport in S. commune might also be active to other amino acids. However, it is considered that the permease shows high affinity to L-Trp and low affinity to other amino acids. As a result, the transport of L-Trp and 5FT may be counteracted by other amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kinoshita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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39
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomes in Escherichia coli change their composition and conformation in the stationary phase. Ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and ribosomal protein S22 are known to be associated with stationary phase ribosomes. RMF association causes the loss of translational activity and the dimerization of 70S ribosomes into 100S ribosomes, which may increase cell survival in the stationary phase. RESULTS Two weakly acidic proteins having related amino acid sequences were found to be associated with E. coli ribosomes in the stationary phase. These proteins are the products of ORFs named yfiA and yhbH. The sum of the copy numbers of their product proteins, YfiA and YhbH, in the ribosomal particles was low in the log phase, but increased to nearly one in the stationary phase. YfiA was found in the 70S ribosomal fraction rather than the 100S. On the other hand, YhbH was detected exclusively in the 100S ribosomal fraction. When the stationary phase cells were transferred to fresh medium, YfiA and YhbH were found in the 70S ribosomal fraction, but not in the polysome fraction. CONCLUSIONS Two proteins, YfiA and YhbH, associated with E. coli ribosomes were found to accumulate in the stationary phase, leading to the formation of several types of ribosomes. They are not likely to have roles in the elongation step of the translation in log phase cells, but are likely to be involved in the stabilization and preservation of ribosomes in the stationary phase, which might be necessary for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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40
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Nawa A, Nishimori K, Lin P, Maki Y, Moue K, Sawada H, Toh Y, Fumitaka K, Nicolson GL. Tumor metastasis-associated human MTA1 gene: its deduced protein sequence, localization, and association with breast cancer cell proliferation using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. J Cell Biochem 2000. [PMID: 10967548 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(20001101)79:2<202::aid-jcb40>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using differential cDNA library screening techniques based on metastatic and nonmetastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines we previously cloned and sequenced the metastasis-associated gene mta1. Using homology to the rat MTA1 gene we cloned the human MTA1 gene and found it to be overexpressed in a variety of human cell lines. We found a close similarity between the human MTA1 and rat MTA1 genes, as shown by 88% and 96% identities of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences, respectively. Both genes encode novel proteins that contain a proline-rich region (SH3 binding motif), a putative zinc finger motif, a leucine zipper motif, and five copies of the SPXX motif often found in gene regulatory proteins. Using Southern blot analysis, the MTA1 gene was found to be highly conserved among all species examined; and using Northern blot analysis, MTA1 transcripts were found in virtually all cell lines of human origin that were analyzed, including melanoma and breast, cervix and ovarian carcinoma cells and normal breast epithelial cells. However, the expression level of the MTA1 gene in a normal breast epithelial cell was approximately 50% of that found in rapidly growing breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and an atypical mammary cell line. Experimental inhibition of MTA1 protein expression using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides resulted in growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with relatively high expression of the MTA1 gene. Furthermore, the MTA1 protein was localized in the nuclei of cells transfected using a mammalian expression vector containing the full-length MTA1 gene. The results suggest that the MTA1 protein may function in cellular signaling processes important in the progression and growth of cancer cells, possibly as a nuclear regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nawa
- Department of Tumor Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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41
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Maki Y, Inoue T, Izumi T, Muraki I, Ito K, Kitaichi Y, Li X, Koyama T. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors reduce conditioned fear stress-induced freezing behavior in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 406:411-8. [PMID: 11040348 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the acute anxiolytic effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on freezing behavior, a putative index of anxiety induced by conditioned fear stress. The selective serotonin 1A receptor agonist tandospirone (0.1-10 mg/kg) inhibited freezing dose dependently. The irreversible, non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors tranylcypromine (3 and 15 mg/kg) and phenelzine (30 and 80 mg/kg) reduced freezing significantly. Clorgyline (10 mg/kg, irreversible selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor), N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-(m-fluorophenyl)-4-thiazole carboxamide (Ro 41-1049) (30 mg/kg, reversible selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor), selegiline (3 mg/kg, irreversible selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor) and lazabemide (10 mg/kg, reversible selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor) had no effect on freezing behavior. However, combined administration of clorgyline (10 mg/kg) and selegiline (3 mg/kg) reduced freezing significantly, as well as combined administration of clorgyline (10 mg/kg) and lazabemide (10 mg/kg), Ro 41-1049 (30 mg/kg) and selegiline (3 mg/kg), or Ro 41-1049 (30 mg/kg) and lazabemide (10 mg/kg). These effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on freezing were not due to non-specific motor effects. These results suggest that acute inhibition of both monoamine oxidase A and B reduced anxiety or fear, while inhibition of monoamine oxidase A or B alone failed to reduce anxiety or fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, 060-8638, Sapporo, Japan
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42
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Shimokawa A, Yatomi N, Anamizu S, Ashikari I, Kohno M, Maki Y, Torii S, Isono H, Sugai Y, Koyama N, Matsuno Y. Comprehension of emotions: comparison between Alzheimer type and vascular type dementias. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000; 11:268-74. [PMID: 10940678 DOI: 10.1159/000017249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of recognizing emotion in dementia. Twenty-five patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 25 patients with vascular dementia (VD), and 12 normal control subjects were evaluated as to general cognition, visuoperception and emotion recognition. The score on the emotion recognition task significantly correlated with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination for VD patients while this was not the case for DAT patients. Moreover, VD patients performed significantly worse than DAT patients on the emotion recognition task in spite of the fact that there was no difference in the general cognitive and visuoperceptual abilities between them. The result of this study coupled with the past studies led to the hypothesis that the relationship between intellectual deficits and the deterioration in recognizing emotions differs according to type of dementia. Caregivers in nursing homes and hospitals need to take into account their patients' intellectual deficits but also their deteriorating ability of identifying emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shimokawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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43
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Nawa A, Nishimori K, Lin P, Maki Y, Moue K, Sawada H, Toh Y, Fumitaka K, Nicolson GL. Tumor metastasis-associated human MTA1 gene: its deduced protein sequence, localization, and association with breast cancer cell proliferation using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. J Cell Biochem 2000; 79:202-12. [PMID: 10967548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Using differential cDNA library screening techniques based on metastatic and nonmetastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines we previously cloned and sequenced the metastasis-associated gene mta1. Using homology to the rat MTA1 gene we cloned the human MTA1 gene and found it to be overexpressed in a variety of human cell lines. We found a close similarity between the human MTA1 and rat MTA1 genes, as shown by 88% and 96% identities of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences, respectively. Both genes encode novel proteins that contain a proline-rich region (SH3 binding motif), a putative zinc finger motif, a leucine zipper motif, and five copies of the SPXX motif often found in gene regulatory proteins. Using Southern blot analysis, the MTA1 gene was found to be highly conserved among all species examined; and using Northern blot analysis, MTA1 transcripts were found in virtually all cell lines of human origin that were analyzed, including melanoma and breast, cervix and ovarian carcinoma cells and normal breast epithelial cells. However, the expression level of the MTA1 gene in a normal breast epithelial cell was approximately 50% of that found in rapidly growing breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and an atypical mammary cell line. Experimental inhibition of MTA1 protein expression using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides resulted in growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with relatively high expression of the MTA1 gene. Furthermore, the MTA1 protein was localized in the nuclei of cells transfected using a mammalian expression vector containing the full-length MTA1 gene. The results suggest that the MTA1 protein may function in cellular signaling processes important in the progression and growth of cancer cells, possibly as a nuclear regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nawa
- Department of Tumor Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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44
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Abstract
The authors previously reported that typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs inhibited the acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear. The present study examined the effects of the selective dopamine D(1/5) agonist (SKF 38393) and antagonist (SCH 23390) on the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. Drugs were administered subcutaneously to male Sprague-Dawley rats 30 min before foot shock (2.5 mA for 5 min). Twenty-four hours after foot shock, rats were again placed and observed in the shock chamber without shocks (conditioned fear). Freezing behavior induced by conditioned fear, an index of anxiety or fear, was recorded using a time-sampling procedure. SCH 23390 (0.1-1 mg/kg) inhibited the acquisition of conditioned freezing. The administration of SCH 23390 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 30 min after foot shock did not affect conditioned freezing. Taken together, it is concluded that D(1/5) antagonism inhibits the acquisition of conditioned fear. SKF 38393 (3-20 mg/kg) failed to change the acquisition of conditioned fear. SCH 23390 or SKF 38393 administered prior to testing did not reduce the expression of conditioned fear. These results suggest that D(1/5) receptors may play a role in the development of fear or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kit a-ku, 060-8638, Sapporo, Japan
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45
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Seng S, Yokoyama M, Suzuki R, Maki Y, Kato M, Lim C, Zayatiin B, Inoue N, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y. Expression of SAG-1 of Toxoplasma gondii in transgenic mice. Parasitol Res 2000; 86:263-9. [PMID: 10780733 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the expression of SAG-1 cDNA in B6C3F1 mice by microinjecting a 3.3 kbp DNA fragment, consisting of the cytomegalovirus enhancer-chicken beta-actin hybrid promoter and SAG-1 into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg at the one-cell stage. Offspring derived from this microinjection were analyzed for the integration and functional expression of the SAG-1 transgene. Steady-state expressions of both the mRNA for SAG-1 and SAG-1 protein product were detected in the brain, thymus, spleen and liver. Approximately 50% of F1 and F2 progeny inherited the SAG-1 transgene from SAG-1 transgenic mice in Mendelian fashion. These results indicated that SAG-1 transgenic lines were established. Transgenic mice harboring the SAG-1 gene will contribute a critical tool of defining the molecular mechanisms of SAG-1 in pathogenesis and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- The Research Center for Protozoan Molecular Immunology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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46
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Abstract
We analyzed the protein composition of plastid 70S ribosomes isolated from the stromal fractions of barley plastids by the radical-free and highly reducing method of two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RFHR 2D-PAGE). Intactness of the ribosomes was confirmed by the poly(U)-directed phenylalanine polymerization activity and by the reassociation capacity of the subunits into 70S ribosomes. The small and large ribosomal subunits were composed of 23 and 36 proteins, respectively. In addition, one acidic protein associated with ribosomes in low salt buffer but released in high salt buffer was found. The plastid ribosomes contained relatively larger numbers of acidic proteins than prokaryotic ribosomes. Stoichiometric analysis revealed the presence of several ribosomal proteins in low copy numbers, indicating that the ribosomes of plastids were heterogeneous. We also investigated the protein composition of plastid ribosomes from greening barley leaves and found that it did not change during greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Plant dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which re-reduces oxidized ascorbate to maintain an appropriate level of ascorbate, is very important, but no gene or cDNA for plant DHAR has been cloned yet. Here, we describe a cDNA for a rice glutathione-dependent DHAR (designated DHAR1). A recombinant Dhar1p produced in Escherichia coli was functional. The expression sequence tag database suggests that Dhar1p homologs exist in various plants. Furthermore, the rice Dhar1p has a low similarity to rat DHAR, although the rice enzyme has a considerably higher specific activity than the mammalian one. The mRNA level of DHAR1, the protein level of Dhar1p and the DHAR activity in rice seedlings were elevated by high temperature, suggesting the protection role of DHAR at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Urano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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48
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Tsubokawa N, Maki Y, Yoshizu T, Narisawa H. Comparison of the neurotropic effects of motor and sensory Schwann cells during regeneration of peripheral nerves. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1999; 33:379-85. [PMID: 10614745 DOI: 10.1080/02844319950159073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the inductive ability of motor and sensory Schwann cells on regeneration of motor and sensory axons using a silastic Y chamber, and Lewis rats L5 ventral root (motor) and saphenous nerve (sensory). We developed four experimental models: motor-motor nerve group-proximal motor stump with distal fresh and frozen/thawed motor nerve segments (n = 7); sensory-sensory nerve group-proximal sensory stump with distal fresh and frozen/thawed sensory nerve segments (n = 7); motor-sensory nerve group-proximal motor stump with distal fresh and frozen/thawed sensory segments (n = 8); and sensory-motor nerve group-proximal sensory stump with distal fresh and frozen/thawed motor segments (n = 8). The gap was set at 4 mm. Six weeks postoperatively we compared the number of regenerated myelinated axons in the two distal channels, and found that sensory Schwann cells have a strong inductive ability for regeneration of both sensory and motor axons. Motor Schwann cells have weak inductive ability for regeneration of motor axons and no inductive ability for regeneration of sensory axons.
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49
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate gender differences in oral health behavior and general health habits in adults. The subjects were 207 males and 196 females aged 20-64 yrs who were public officials in the city or town administrations in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The questionnaire survey included three items: (1) self assessment of oral health status, (2) oral health behavior and (3) general health habits. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test for differences of responses between males and females. The proportion of subjects with cognition of symptoms of oral disease ranged from 14.3 to 23.0%. The percentage of those who had not visited a dentist in the last year were 52.7% for males and 36.7% for females (p < 0.01). Subjects who brushed their teeth almost every day at bed time were 60.9% of males and 88.8% of females (p < 0.01). A comparison of the numbers of positive responses regarding general health habits found no differences in the distribution of general health habits score between males and females. Examining the relationship between oral health behavior and general health habits revealed that males with general habit high scores tended to have positive oral hygiene behavior. These results support the thesis that gender specificities in oral health depend on individual attitudes to oral health and dental utilization. In addition, understanding the cognitive factors of males and females would accelerate dental approaches to modifying oral health behavior of both groups, thus contributing to lifelong health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukai
- Department of Hygiene and Community Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
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Seng S, Nagasawa H, Maki Y, Yokoyama M, Inoue N, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Saito A, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Suzuki N, Toyoda Y. Increased susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection in SAG-1 transgenic mice. Int J Parasitol 1999; 29:1433-6. [PMID: 10579429 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
SAG-1, one of the major surface proteins of Toxoplasma gondii, has been reported to play an important role in immune and pathogenic mechanisms of the parasites but its exact function is still unclear. We investigated the time courses of T. gondii infection in B6C3F1 transgenic mice carrying the SAG-1 gene. SAG-1 transgenic mice were infected intraperitoneally with a high virulent RH strain or a low virulent Beverley strain of T. gondii. When infected with RH strain tachyzoites, no significant differences in time courses of survivals between SAG-1 transgenic and wild-type mice were observed. Both groups succumbed to an acute infection within 8 days after infection. However, a lower survival rate (20%) was observed in SAG-1 transgenic mice than in wild-type (80%), when infected with Beverley strain cysts. This result indicates that SAG-1 transgenic mice are more susceptible to T. gondii infection as compared with their wild-type counterpart. ELISA using recombinant SAG-1 protein indicates that SAG-1 transgenic mice do not produce antibodies to the SAG-1 molecule. These findings may provide a critical tool for analysing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and host immune responses during toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seng
- The Research Center for Protozoan Molecular Immunology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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