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Wang J, Lei B, Zhang W, Li L, Ji J, Liu M, Zhao K, Yuan W. Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Capsid Protein and Development of an Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of the Antibody against Porcine Circovirus 3. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:235. [PMID: 38254404 PMCID: PMC10812811 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is endemic in swine worldwide and causes reproductive disorders, dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome, and multi-organ inflammation. Currently, there is a growing need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods in disease monitoring. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PCV3 capsid proteins were prepared (mAbs 2F6, 2G8, 6E2, and 7E3). MAb 7E3, which had the highest binding affinity for the Cap protein, was chosen for further investigation. A novel B cell epitope 110DLDGAW115 was identified using mAb 7E3. An epitope-blocking (EB) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was successfully developed using horseradish-peroxidase-labeled mAb 7E3 to detect PCV3 antibodies in porcine sera. Moreover, the EB-ELISA showed no specific reaction with other porcine disease sera, and the cut-off value was defined as 35%. Compared with the commercial ELISA, the percentage agreement was 95.59%. Overall, we have developed a novel EB-ELISA method that accurately and conveniently detects PCV3 in serum, making it a valuable tool for the clinical detection of PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lijie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jiashuang Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mandi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- North China Research Center of Animal Epidemic Pathogen Biology, China Agriculture Ministry, Baoding 071000, China
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2
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Sun R, Qian MG, Zhang X. T and B cell epitope analysis for the immunogenicity evaluation and mitigation of antibody-based therapeutics. MAbs 2024; 16:2324836. [PMID: 38512798 PMCID: PMC10962608 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2324836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The surge in the clinical use of therapeutic antibodies has reshaped the landscape of pharmaceutical therapy for many diseases, including rare and challenging conditions. However, the administration of exogenous biologics could potentially trigger unwanted immune responses such as generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). Real-world experiences have illuminated the clear correlation between the ADA occurrence and unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes as well as immune-related adverse events. By retrospectively examining research involving immunogenicity analysis, we noticed the growing emphasis on elucidating the immunogenic epitope profiles of antibody-based therapeutics aiming for mechanistic understanding the immunogenicity generation and, ideally, mitigating the risks. As such, we have comprehensively summarized here the progress in both experimental and computational methodologies for the characterization of T and B cell epitopes of therapeutics. Furthermore, the successful practice of epitope-driven deimmunization of biotherapeutics is exceptionally highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Sun
- Global Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Preclinical & Translational Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark G. Qian
- Global Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Preclinical & Translational Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Global Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics & Modeling, Preclinical & Translational Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA), Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Liu C, Gupta S, Zhao J. Characterization of Linear IgE-Binding Epitopes in Food Allergens. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2717:65-76. [PMID: 37737978 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3453-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
An IgE epitope is a part of an allergen that is capable of binding to IgE antibodies and eliciting an immune response. Identifying and characterizing human-allergy-relevant epitopes are important for diagnosis and prognosis of food allergy and development of immunotherapy treatments. This chapter describes the protocol for manual synthesis of overlapping peptides on a cellulose membrane and subsequent dot blotting of the peptides with allergic patients' IgE to map the linear IgE-binding epitopes in food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Gao Y, Jiang X, Yang X, Zhang K, Jiang P, Bai J. Novel Epitope Mapping of African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:2081. [PMID: 37896858 PMCID: PMC10612046 DOI: 10.3390/v15102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most important pathogens that causes huge damage to worldwide swine production. The pI215L protein is found within the virion and expressed at a high level in infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), indicating a possible role of pI215L protein in ASFV detection and surveillance. In the present study, female BALB/c mice (5-6-week-old) were immunized with rpI215L protein, and six hybridomas, 1C1, 2F6, 2F10, 3C8, 5E1 and 5B3, steadily secreted anti-pI215L monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Among them, 1C4, 5E1, and 5B3 had the IgG1 isotype with a Lambda light chain, 2F10 and 3C8 had the IgG1 isotype with a Kappa light chain, and 2F6 had the IgG2a isotype with a Kappa light chain. Western blot showed a good reactivity of the six mAbs against ASFV. Eight truncated polypeptides were produced for epitope mapping. Two novel B cell epitopes, 67LTFTSEMWHPNIYS80 and 167IEYFKNAASN176, were identified by the mAbs. Further analysis revealed that 2F6 mAb could be widely used in ASFV surveillance and 5B3 mAb might serve as a tool in the distinguishment of different ASFV genotypes. This study provides tools of monoclonal antibodies for further study of I215L function and contributes to the development of serological diagnosis and vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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5
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Pal P, Aggarwal A, Rajput YS, Deb R, Joshi VG, Verma AK, Haldar A, Singh I, Grewal S, De S. Development of B cell epitopes-based enzyme linked immune sorbent assay for detection of bovine anti-Mullerian hormone. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:241. [PMID: 37342511 PMCID: PMC10277271 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to generate antibodies against predicted B cell epitopic peptides encoding bAMH for developing different ELISA models. Sandwich ELISA was determined to be an excellent technique for assessing bAMH in bovine plasma based on sensitivity tests. The assay's specificity, sensitivity, inter- and intra-assay CV, recovery %, Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and Upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) were determined. The test was selective since it did not bind to AMH-related growth and differentiation factors (LH and FSH) or non-related components (BSA, progesterone). The intra-assay CV was 5.67%, 3.12%, 4.94%, 3.61% and 4.27% for 72.44, 183.11, 368.24, 522.24 and 732.25 pg/ml AMH levels, respectively. At the same time, the inter-assay CV was 8.77%, 7.87%, 4.53%, 5.76% and 6.70% for 79.30, 161.27, 356.30, 569.33 and 798.19 pg/ml AMH levels, respectively. The average (Mean ± SEM) recovery percentages were 88-100%. LLOQ was 5 pg/ml and ULOQ at 50 µg/ml (CV < 20%). In conclusion, we developed a new highly sensitive ELISA against bAMH using epitope specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Pal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Y. S. Rajput
- Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Rajib Deb
- Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Vinay G. Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Arvind Kumar Verma
- Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Avijit Haldar
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700097 India
| | - Indra Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Sonika Grewal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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6
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Wang J, Bai J, Zhang L, Xia T, Yang X, Zhang K, Gao Y, Jiang P. A new B cell epitope of pC129R protein of African swine fever virus identified by monoclonal antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109744. [PMID: 37094439 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a most important pathogen which causes huge damage in swine production in the world. pC129R protein is one of the most abundant ASFV proteins in infected Vero cells and WSL-HP cells, which consequently could be a target for ASF detection and surveillance. In this study, 5-6-week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with rpC129R protein expressed by a prokaryotic system. And three hybridomas, 1B1, 1B4 and 4H4, steadily secreted anti-pC129R monoclonal antibodies were screened by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among them, 1B4 and 4H4 had IgG2a isotype with Kappa light chain, while 1B1 had IgG1 isotype with Kappa light chain. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically reacted with ASFV. Epitope mapping was performed with truncated polypeptides. And a new B cell epitope, 18KHYVLIPK25 was identified by the mAbs, which was highly conserved in most genotypes of ASFV. These findings not only provide a monoclonal antibody tool for further study of the function of C129R, but also lay the foundation for serological diagnosis and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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7
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Hassebroek AM, Sooryanarain H, Heffron CL, Hawks SA, LeRoith T, Cecere TE, Stone WB, Walter D, Mahsoub HM, Wang B, Tian D, Ivester HM, Allen IC, Auguste AJ, Duggal NK, Zhang C, Meng XJ. A hepatitis B virus core antigen-based virus-like particle vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell epitopes induces epitope-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses but confers limited protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28503. [PMID: 36655751 PMCID: PMC9974889 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) tolerates insertion of foreign epitopes and maintains its ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). We constructed a ∆HBcAg-based VLP vaccine expressing three predicted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B and T cell epitopes and determined its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The recombinant ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form VLPs. K18-hACE2 transgenic C57BL/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with ∆HBcAg VLP control (n = 15) or ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine (n = 15). One week after the 2nd booster and before virus challenge, five ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated mice were euthanized to evaluate epitope-specific immune responses. There is a statistically significant increase in epitope-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) response, and statistically higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression levels in ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP-vaccinated mice compared to ∆HBcAg VLP controls. While not statistically significant, the ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP mice had numerically more memory CD8+ T-cells, and 3/5 mice also had numerically higher levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). After challenge with SARS-CoV-2, ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 immunized mice had numerically lower viral RNA loads in the lung, and slightly higher survival, but the differences are not statistically significant. These results indicate that the ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine elicits epitope-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses but they were insufficient against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Hassebroek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Harini Sooryanarain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - C. Lynn Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Seth A. Hawks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - William B. Stone
- Department of Entomology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Debra Walter
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hassan M. Mahsoub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Debin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hannah M. Ivester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Nisha K. Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Jiang W, Jiang D, Li L, Wang J, Wang P, Shi X, Zhao Q, Liu B, Ji P, Zhang G. Identification of Two Novel Linear B Cell Epitopes on the CD2v Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 15:131. [PMID: 36680174 PMCID: PMC9866794 DOI: 10.3390/v15010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly infectious viral pathogen that endangers the global pig industry, and no effective vaccine is available thus far. The CD2v protein is a glycoprotein on the outer envelope of ASFV, which mediates the transmission of the virus in the blood and recognition of the virus serotype, playing an important role in ASFV vaccine development and disease prevention. Here, we generated two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 6C11 and 8F12 (subtype IgG1/kappa-type), against the ASFV CD2v extracellular domain (CD2v-ex, GenBank: MK128995.1, 1-588 bp) and characterized their specificity. Peptide scanning technology was used to identify the epitopes recognized by mAbs 6C11 and 8F12. As a result, two novel B cell epitopes, 38DINGVSWN45 and 134GTNTNIY140, were defined. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the defined epitopes were conserved in all referenced ASFV strains from various regions of China including the highly pathogenic, epidemic strain, Georgia2007/1 (NC_044959.2), with the same noted substitutions compared to the four foreign ASFV wild-type strains. This study provides important reference values for the design and development of an ASFV vaccine and useful biological materials for the functional study of the CD2v protein by deletion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuejian Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Boyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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9
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Ko SH, Chen WY, Su SC, Lin HT, Ke FY, Liang KH, Hsu FF, Kumari M, Fu CY, Wu HC. Monoclonal antibodies against S2 subunit of spike protein exhibit broad reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:108. [PMID: 36550570 PMCID: PMC9774083 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) harbor diverse spike (S) protein sequences, which can greatly influence the efficacies of therapeutics. Therefore, it would be of great value to develop neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can broadly recognize multiple variants. METHODS Using an mRNA-LNP immunization strategy, we generated several mAbs that specifically target the conserved S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 (B-S2-mAbs). These mAbs were assessed for their neutralizing activity with pseudotyped viruses and binding ability for SARS-CoV-2 variants. RESULTS Among these mAbs, five exhibited strong neutralizing ability toward the Gamma variant and also recognized viral S proteins from the Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron (BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5) variants. Furthermore, we demonstrated the broad reactivities of these B-S2-mAbs in several different applications, including immunosorbent, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. In particular, B-S2-mAb-2 exhibited potent neutralization of Gamma variant (IC50 = 0.048 µg/ml) in a pseudovirus neutralization assay. The neutralizing epitope of B-S2-mAb-2 was identified by phage display as amino acid residues 1146-1152 (DSFKEEL) in the S2 subunit HR2 domain of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION Since there are not many mAbs that can bind the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 variants, our set of B-S2-mAbs may provide important materials for basic research and potential clinical applications. Importantly, our study results demonstrate that the viral S2 subunit can be targeted for the production of cross-reactive antibodies, which may be used for coronavirus detection and neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Ko
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Su
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Ke
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Fei Hsu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Fu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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10
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Chathuranga WAG, Hewawaduge C, Nethmini NAN, Kim TH, Kim JH, Ahn YH, Yoon IJ, Yoo SS, Park JH, Lee JS. Efficacy of a Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O and A. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122181. [PMID: 36560591 PMCID: PMC9786174 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease in cloven-hoofed animals. To prevent the spread of FMD virus (FMDV), traditional inactivated vaccines are used to immunize susceptible animals in disease-endemic countries. However, the inactivated FMD vaccine has several limitations, including safety concerns. To overcome these limitations, subunit proteins have been studied as alternative vaccine candidates. In this study, we designed two multiepitope recombinant proteins (OVM and AVM) containing antigenic sites (residue of VP1 132-162 and residue of VP1 192-212) of three topotypes of FMDV serotype O or three topotypes of FMDV serotype A. Each recombinant protein was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli with high solubility, and the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the proteins as FMD vaccine candidates were evaluated. The results showed that OVM and AVM emulsified with ISA201 adjuvant induced effective antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and successfully protected mice from O/Jincheon/SKR/2014, O/VET/2013, and A/Malaysia/97 viruses. In addition, intramuscular immunization of pigs with the OVM and AVM emulsified with ISA201 elicited effective levels of neutralizing antibodies to the viruses with homologous epitopes. Importantly, OVM-AVM emulsified with CAvant®SOE-X adjuvant conferred 100% protection against the O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 virus with homologous residues and 75% protection against A/SKR/GP/2018 with heterologous residues. The results presented in this study suggest that the combination of OVM and AVM protein with an effective adjuvant could yield an effective and safe vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease. In addition, our results provide a vaccine platform that can safely, cost-efficiently, and rapidly generate protective vaccine candidates against diverse FMDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - N. A. Nadeeka Nethmini
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hun Kim
- Komipharm International Co., Ltd., Siheung 15094, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Yoo
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (J.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-31-467-1719 (J.-H.P.); +82-42-821-6753 (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (J.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-31-467-1719 (J.-H.P.); +82-42-821-6753 (J.-S.L.)
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11
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Zhou J, Chen J, Peng Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y. A Promising Tool in Serological Diagnosis: Current Research Progress of Antigenic Epitopes in Infectious Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:1095. [PMID: 36297152 PMCID: PMC9609281 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by various pathogens in the clinic, threaten the safety of human life, are harmful to physical and mental health, and also increase economic burdens on society. Infections are a complex mechanism of interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and their host. Identification of the causative agent of the infection is vital for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Etiological laboratory diagnostic tests are therefore essential to identify pathogens. However, due to its rapidity and automation, the serological diagnostic test is among the methods of great significance for the diagnosis of infections with the basis of detecting antigens or antibodies in body fluids clinically. Epitopes, as a special chemical group that determines the specificity of antigens and the basic unit of inducing immune responses, play an important role in the study of immune responses. Identifying the epitopes of a pathogen may contribute to the development of a vaccine to prevent disease, the diagnosis of the corresponding disease, and the determination of different stages of the disease. Moreover, both the preparation of neutralizing antibodies based on useful epitopes and the assembly of several associated epitopes can be used in the treatment of disease. Epitopes can be divided into B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes; B cell epitopes stimulate the body to produce antibodies and are therefore commonly used as targets for the design of serological diagnostic experiments. Meanwhile, epitopes can fall into two possible categories: linear and conformational. This article reviews the role of B cell epitopes in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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12
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Wang A, Tian Y, Liu H, Ding P, Chen Y, Liang C, Du Y, Jiang D, Zhu X, Yin J, Zhang G. Identification of three conserved linear B cell epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2120-2131. [PMID: 35916768 PMCID: PMC9487943 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spike (S) glycoproteins is the most significant structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 and a key target for neutralizing antibodies. In light of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identification and screening of epitopes of spike glycoproteins will provide vital progress in the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. In the present study, NTD, RBD and S2 gene were inserted to the pcDNA3.1(+) vector and designed with N-terminal 6×His-tag for fusion expression in HEK293F cells by transient transfection. Six monoclonal antibodies (4G, 9E, 4B, 7D, 8F, 3D) were prepared using the expressed proteins by cell fusion technique. The characterization of mAbs were performed by indirect -ELISA, western blot and IFA. We designed 49 overlapping synthetized peptides cover the extracellular region of S protein which 6 amino acid residues were offset between adjacent (S1-S49). Peptides S12, S19 and S49 were identified as the immunodominant epitopes regions by the mAbs. These regions were further truncated and the peptides S12.2 286TDAVDCALDPLS297, S19.2 464FERDISTEIYQA475 and S49.4 1202ELGKYEQYIKWP1213 were identified as B- cell linear epitopes for the first time. Alanine scans showed that, the D467, I468, E471, Q474, A475 of the epitope S19.2 and K1205, Q1208, Y1209 of the epitope S49.4 were the core sites involved in the mAbs binding. Multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that these three epitopes were highly conserved among the variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs). Taken together, the findings provide a potential material for rapid diagnosis methods of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Longhu laboratory of advanced immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R. China
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13
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Nooruzzaman M, Hossain I, Rahman MM, Uddin AJ, Mustari A, Parvin R, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR. Comparative pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease viruses of three different genotypes. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105641. [PMID: 35714848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly immunosuppressive and often fatal viral disease of young chickens. The causal agent IBD virus (IBDV) is an avian Birnavirus having two genome segments that have evolved independently and contributed to the emergence of many genotypes with different pathogenic profile. The present study aimed at genetic and pathogenic characterization of IBDVs from Bangladesh. We performed phylogenetic analysis of 15 IBDV isolates recovered from field outbreaks in chickens during 2020-2021 and compared the pathogenicity of three selected isolates belonging to different genotypes on experimental infection in chickens. Out of 15 isolates, one was the typical vvIBDV of genotype A3B2, 13 were reassortant vvIBDV of genotype A3B3 having very virulent-like segment A and early Australian-like segment B, and the remaining one isolate was a classical virulent IBDV of A1aB1 genotype. A few amino acid substitutions were observed between the genotypes in four putative antigenic sites on VP2. In a comparative pathogenicity study, the typical vvIBDV isolate BD-25(A3B2) appeared to be the most virulent with 100% morbidity and 90% mortality, followed by the segment-reassortant vvIBDV isolate BD-28(A3B3) with 50% morbidity and 30% mortality. However, the gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius were similar. The classical virulent isolate BD-26(A1aB1) did not cause any clinical disease. In conclusion, three genotypes of IBDV are co-circulating in poultry of Bangladesh and the typical vvIBDV of A3B2 genotype was more virulent than the reassortant vvIBDV of A3B3 genotype. Further studies are required to assess the country-wide distribution of IBDV of different genotypes and the efficacy of the currently available vaccines in protecting chickens against different genotypes of IBDV in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abm Jalal Uddin
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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14
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An H, Eun M, Yi J, Park J. CRESSP: a comprehensive pipeline for prediction of immunopathogenic SARS-CoV-2 epitopes using structural properties of proteins. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6539139. [PMID: 35226074 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of autoimmune diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome, has been reported, and several mechanisms have been suggested, including molecular mimicry. We developed a scalable, comparative immunoinformatics pipeline called cross-reactive-epitope-search-using-structural-properties-of-proteins (CRESSP) to identify cross-reactive epitopes between a collection of SARS-CoV-2 proteomes and the human proteome using the structural properties of the proteins. Overall, by searching 4 911 245 proteins from 196 352 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we identified 133 and 648 human proteins harboring potential cross-reactive B-cell and CD8+ T-cell epitopes, respectively. To demonstrate the robustness of our pipeline, we predicted the cross-reactive epitopes of coronavirus spike proteins, which were recognized by known cross-neutralizing antibodies. Using single-cell expression data, we identified PARP14 as a potential target of intermolecular epitope spreading between the virus and human proteins. Finally, we developed a web application (https://ahs2202.github.io/3M/) to interactively visualize our results. We also made our pipeline available as an open-source CRESSP package (https://pypi.org/project/cressp/), which can analyze any two proteomes of interest to identify potentially cross-reactive epitopes between the proteomes. Overall, our immunoinformatic resources provide a foundation for the investigation of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases following COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu An
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Eun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea
| | - Jawoon Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea.,Anti-Virus Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea.,Laboratory for cell mechanobiology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea
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15
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Agarwal V, Tiwari A, Varadwaj P. Prediction of suitable T and B cell epitopes for eliciting immunogenic response against SARS-CoV-2 and its mutant. Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinform 2022; 11:1. [PMID: 34849327 DOI: 10.1007/s13721-021-00348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is mainly responsible for the recognition and membrane fusion within the host and this protein has an ability to mutate. Hence, T cell and B cell epitopes were derived from the spike glycoprotein sequence of wild SARS-CoV-2. The proposed T cell and B cell epitopes were found to be antigenic and conserved in the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 mutant (B.1.1.7). Thus, the proposed epitopes are effective against SARS-CoV-2 and its B.1.1.7 mutant. MHC-I that best interacts with the proposed T cell epitopes were found, using immune epitope database. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were done for ensuring a good binding between the proposed MHC-I and T cell epitopes. The finally proposed T cell epitope was found to be antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic and stable. Further, the finally proposed B cell epitopes were also found to be antigenic. The population conservation analysis has ensured the presence of MHC-I molecule (respective to the finally proposed T cell) in human population of most affected countries with SARS-CoV-2. Thus the proposed T and B cell epitope could be effective in designing an epitope-based vaccine, which is effective on SARS-CoV-2 and its B.1.1.7mutant. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13721-021-00348-w.
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16
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Valera-Vera EA, Concepción JL, Cáceres AJ, Acevedo GR, Fernández M, Hernández Y, Digirolamo FA, Duschak VG, Soprano LL, Pereira CA, Miranda MR, Gómez KA. IgE antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi arginine kinase in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:68-75. [PMID: 34364074 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) is an enzyme present in various invertebrates, as well as in some trypanosomatids such as T. cruzi, the etiological agent that causes Chagas disease. In invertebrates, this protein acts as an allergen inducing an IgE-type humoral immune response. Since AK is a highly conserved protein, we decided to study whether patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) produce specific antibodies against T. cruzi AK (TcAK). Plasma from patients with CCD, with and without cardiac alterations and non-infected individuals were evaluated for the presence of anti-TcAK IgG and IgE antibodies by ELISA, including detection of specific IgG subclasses. Our results showed that the levels of specific anti-TcAK IgG and IgE were different between infected and non-infected individuals, but comparable between those with different clinical manifestations. Interestingly, anti-TcAK IgG4 antibodies associated with IgE-mediated allergenic processes were also increased in CCD patients. Finally, we found that several of the predicted B cell epitopes in TcAK matched allergenic peptides previously described for its homologues in other organisms. Our results revealed for the first time a parasite's specific IgE antibody target and suggest that TcAK could contribute to delineate an inefficient B cell response by prompting a bias towards a Th2 profile. These findings also shed light on a potential allergenic response in the context of T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Augusto Valera-Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Luis Concepción
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Ana Judith Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Gonzalo Raúl Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio Augusto Digirolamo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma Gladys Duschak
- Área de Bioquímica de Proteínas y Glicobiología de Parásitos, Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Lía Soprano
- Área de Bioquímica de Proteínas y Glicobiología de Parásitos, Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Alejandro Pereira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Reneé Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Andrea Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Yin D, Bai Q, Wu X, Li H, Shao J, Sun M, Zhang J. A Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein-Based p-ELISA Method for Diagnosing Bovine and Goat Brucellosis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708008. [PMID: 34568475 PMCID: PMC8455990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of brucellosis has increased annually, causing tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry in a lot of countries. Therefore, developing rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques is critical to control the spread of brucellosis. In this study, bioinformatics technology was used to predict the B cell epitopes of the main outer membrane proteins of Brucella, and the diagnostic efficacy of each epitope was verified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Then, a fusion protein containing 22 verified epitopes was prokaryotically expressed and used as an antigen in paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) for serodiagnosis of brucellosis. The multi-epitope-based p-ELISA was evaluated using a collection of brucellosis-positive and -negative sera collected from bovine and goat, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of detection-ELISA in diagnosing goat brucellosis were 98.85 and 98.51%. The positive and the negative predictive values were 99.29 and 98.15%, respectively. In diagnosing bovine brucellosis, the sensitivity and specificity of this method were 97.85 and 96.61%, with the positive and negative predictive values being identified as 98.28 and 97.33%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the B cell epitopes contained in major antigenic proteins of Brucella can be a very useful antigen source in developing a highly sensitive and specific method for serodiagnosis of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Yin
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiongqiong Bai
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Infection Control, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihong Shao
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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18
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Saba AA, Adiba M, Saha P, Hosen MI, Chakraborty S, Nabi AHMN. An in-depth in silico and immunoinformatics approach for designing a potential multi-epitope construct for the effective development of vaccine to combat against SARS-CoV-2 encompassing variants of concern and interest. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104703. [PMID: 34352457 PMCID: PMC8321692 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest of the several viral pathogens that have acted as a threat to human health around the world. Thus, to prevent COVID-19 and control the outbreak, the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important strategies at present. The study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against SARS-CoV-2. For the development of a more effective vaccine, 1549 nucleotide sequences were taken into consideration, including the variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1 and, B.1.617.2) and variants of interest (B.1.427, B.1.429, B.1.526, B.1.617.1 and P.2). A total of 11 SARS-CoV-2 proteins (S, N, E, M, ORF1ab polyprotein, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF10) were targeted for T-cell epitope prediction and S protein was targeted for B-cell epitope prediction. MEV was constructed using linkers and adjuvant beta-defensin. The vaccine construct was verified, based on its antigenicity, physicochemical properties, and its binding potential, with toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4), ACE2 receptor and B cell receptor. The selected vaccine construct showed considerable binding with all the receptors and a significant immune response, including elevated antibody titer and B cell population along with augmented activity of TH cells, Tc cells and NK cells. Thus, immunoinformatics and in silico-based approaches were used for constructing MEV which is capable of eliciting both innate and adaptive immunity. In conclusion, the vaccine construct developed in this study has all the potential for the development of a next-generation vaccine which may in turn effectively combat the new variants of SARS-CoV-2 identified so far. However, in vitro and animal studies are warranted to justify our findings for its utility as probable preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Saba
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Adiba
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Piyal Saha
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hosen
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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19
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Wang PH, Li YQ, Pan YQ, Guo YY, Guo F, Shi RZ, Xing L. The spike glycoprotein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in China. Vet Res 2021; 52:87. [PMID: 34130762 PMCID: PMC8205199 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a highly contagious disease in pigs, which is one of the most devastating viral diseases of swine in the world. In China, PEDV was first confirmed in 1984 and PEDV infections occurred sporadically from 1984 to early 2010. From late 2010 until present, PEDV infections have swept every province or region in China. In this study, we analyzed a total of 186 full-length spike genes and deduced proteins of all available complete genomes of PEDVs isolated in China during 2007–2019. A total of 28 potential recombination events were identified in the spike genes of PEDVs in China. Spike gene recombination not only expanded the genetic diversity of PEDVs in the GII genogroup, but also resulted in the emergence of a new evolutional branch GI-c during 2016–2018. In addition, comparative analysis of spike proteins between GI-a prototype virulent CV777 and GII strain AJ1102 reveals that the amino acid variations could affect 20 potential linear B cell epitopes, demonstrating a dramatic antigen drift in the spike protein. These results provide a thorough view of the information about the genetic and antigenic diversity of PEDVs circulating in China and therefore could benefit the development of suitable strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hua Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Qian Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Pan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Shi
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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20
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Verma S, Singh K, Bansal A. Multi-epitope DnaK peptide vaccine accords protection against lethal S. typhimurium challenge: Elicits both cell mediated immunity and long-lasting serum-neutralizing antibody titers. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105652. [PMID: 33975015 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid vaccine development has been impeded by inability of currently available vaccines to induce cellular immunity along with neutralizing antibodies against all serovars of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Unfortunately, antibiotic treatment has shown to be an ineffective therapy due to development of resistance against multiple antibiotics. In the present study, we have explored the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of in-silico designed multi-epitope DnaK peptides as candidate vaccine molecules against Salmonella. Immunization studies in mouse typhoid model revealed three of these peptides (DP1, DP5 and DP7) are highly efficacious, stimulating both humoral and cell mediated immunity along with long lasting antibody memory response. There was significant increase in antibody titers (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and IgM), lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine levels. Immunized groups showed marked reduction in organ bacterial load, fecal shedding and pronounced protection (upto 80%) as compared to unimmunized controls after challenge with S. typhimurium. Our results demonstrate the huge potential of DnaK peptide vaccine candidates (DP1, DP5 and DP7) to accord protective immunity with significant increase in survivability against Salmonella infection in mice, thus commending these molecules as promising agents to tackle typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Verma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Kaushlesh Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Anju Bansal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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21
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Wang A, Jiang M, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou J, Chen Y, Ding P, Wang Y, Pang W, Qi Y, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the N-terminal domain of African swine fever virus structural protein, p54. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:203-211. [PMID: 33737177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a re-emerging DNA virus, causes a highly contagious disease for domestic pigs. It is running rife worldwide and threatening the global swine industry. Protein p54 is an attractive candidate for ASFV diagnostic and vaccine design. In this work, we designed a peptide to mimic the N-terminal domain (NTD) of ASFV p54 and pretested it with sera from ASFV-infected pigs. The peptide could be well recognized by the sera, implying that the NTD of p54 contained some potential linear B cell epitopes. Then, the conjugates of the peptide with bovine serum albumin were used as the immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A total of six mAbs specific to the NTD of ASFV p54 protein were developed. Five of them well reacted with ASFV HLJ/18 strain and recognized a same linear B cell epitope 5FFQPV9. Furthermore, epitope 5FFQPV9 could be well recognized by ASFV-positive sera from natural infected pigs, suggesting that it was a natural linear B-cell epitope. Conservation analysis indicated that epitope 5FFQPV9 were highly conserved among ASFV epidemic isolates belonging to genotype I and II. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis further revealed that the residues (6F to 9V) of epitope 5FFQPV9 were the core binding sites for antibody recognition. This is the first research to characterize specific mAbs against NTD of p54 protein. These findings may help further understand the function of p54 protein and the improvement of ASFV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weisheng Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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22
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Dölen Y, Gileadi U, Chen JL, Valente M, Creemers JHA, Van Dinther EAW, van Riessen NK, Jäger E, Hruby M, Cerundolo V, Diken M, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. PLGA Nanoparticles Co-encapsulating NY-ESO-1 Peptides and IMM60 Induce Robust CD8 and CD4 T Cell and B Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641703. [PMID: 33717196 PMCID: PMC7947615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific neoantigens can be highly immunogenic, but their identification for each patient and the production of personalized cancer vaccines can be time-consuming and prohibitively expensive. In contrast, tumor-associated antigens are widely expressed and suitable as an off the shelf immunotherapy. Here, we developed a PLGA-based nanoparticle vaccine that contains both the immunogenic cancer germline antigen NY-ESO-1 and an α-GalCer analog IMM60, as a novel iNKT cell agonist and dendritic cell transactivator. Three peptide sequences (85-111, 117-143, and 157-165) derived from immunodominant regions of NY-ESO-1 were selected. These peptides have a wide HLA coverage and were efficiently processed and presented by dendritic cells via various HLA subtypes. Co-delivery of IMM60 enhanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and antibody levels against NY-ESO-1 in vivo. Moreover, the nanoparticles have negligible systemic toxicity in high doses, and they could be produced according to GMP guidelines. Together, we demonstrated the feasibility of producing a PLGA-based nanovaccine containing immunogenic peptides and an iNKT cell agonist, that is activating DCs to induce antigen-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Dölen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Li Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Valente
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric A W Van Dinther
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - N Koen van Riessen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eliezer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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23
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Zhao Y, Urbonaviciute V, Xu B, Cai W, Sener Z, Ge C, Holmdahl R. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Induced Arthritis-A New Model for Rheumatoid Arthritis in the C57BL/6 Mouse. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631249. [PMID: 33708221 PMCID: PMC7940517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly used strains in experimental research, including genetically modified strains, are C57BL/6 mice. However, so far, no reliable model for rheumatoid arthritis is available, mainly due to the restriction by the MHC class II haplotype H-2b. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is the most widely used animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, but C57BL/6 strain is resistant to CIA because there is no collagen II peptide associated with H-2b. To establish a rheumatoid arthritis model in C57BL/6 mice, we immunized C57BL/6NJ (B6N) mice with human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which induced severe arthritis with high incidence, accompanied by a strong auto-antibody response. Native COMP was required, as denatured COMP lost its ability to induce arthritis in B6N mice. An immunodominant COMP peptide was identified as the key T cell epitope, with a perfect fit into the Ab class II peptide binding pocket. A critical amino acid in this peptide was found to be phenylalanine at position 95. Recombinant COMP mutated at position 95 (COMP_F95S) lost its ability to induce arthritis or a strong immune response in the B6N mice. In conclusion, A new model for RA has been established using C57BL/6 mice through immunization with COMP, which is dependent on a COMP specific peptide binding Ab, thus in similarity with CIA in Aq expressing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilma Urbonaviciute
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Sener
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changrong Ge
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Zinsli LV, Stierlin N, Loessner MJ, Schmelcher M. Deimmunization of protein therapeutics - Recent advances in experimental and computational epitope prediction and deletion. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:315-329. [PMID: 33425259 PMCID: PMC7779837 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutics, and antimicrobial proteins in particular, are of increasing interest for human medicine. An important challenge in the development of such therapeutics is their potential immunogenicity, which can induce production of anti-drug-antibodies, resulting in altered pharmacokinetics, reduced efficacy, and potentially severe anaphylactic or hypersensitivity reactions. For this reason, the development and application of effective deimmunization methods for protein drugs is of utmost importance. Deimmunization may be achieved by unspecific shielding approaches, which include PEGylation, fusion to polypeptides (e.g., XTEN or PAS), reductive methylation, glycosylation, and polysialylation. Alternatively, the identification of epitopes for T cells or B cells and their subsequent deletion through site-directed mutagenesis represent promising deimmunization strategies and can be accomplished through either experimental or computational approaches. This review highlights the most recent advances and current challenges in the deimmunization of protein therapeutics, with a special focus on computational epitope prediction and deletion tools.
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Key Words
- ABR, Antigen-binding region
- ADA, Anti-drug antibody
- ANN, Artificial neural network
- APC, Antigen-presenting cell
- Anti-drug-antibody
- B cell epitope
- BCR, B cell receptor
- Bab, Binding antibody
- CDR, Complementarity determining region
- CRISPR, Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- DC, Dendritic cell
- ELP, Elastin-like polypeptide
- EPO, Erythropoietin
- ER, Endoplasmatic reticulum
- GLK, Gelatin-like protein
- HAP, Homo-amino-acid polymer
- HLA, Human leukocyte antigen
- HMM, Hidden Markov model
- IL, Interleukin
- Ig, Immunoglobulin
- Immunogenicity
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MHC, Major histocompatibility complex
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Nab, Neutralizing antibody
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PAS, Polypeptide composed of proline, alanine, and/or serine
- PBMC, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PD, Pharmacodynamics
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PK, Pharmacokinetics
- PRR, Pattern recognition receptor
- PSA, Sialic acid polymers
- Protein therapeutic
- RNN, Recurrent artificial neural network
- SVM, Support vector machine
- T cell epitope
- TAP, Transporter associated with antigen processing
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- XTEN, “Xtended” recombinant polypeptide
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa V. Zinsli
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noël Stierlin
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J. Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Forni D, Cagliani R, Pontremoli C, Mozzi A, Pozzoli U, Clerici M, Sironi M. Antigenic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in response to immune pressure. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:3548-3559. [PMID: 33289207 PMCID: PMC7753431 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the bat viruses most closely related to SARS-CoV-2 indicated that the virus probably required limited adaptation to spread in humans. Nonetheless, since its introduction in human populations, SARS-CoV-2 must have been subject to the selective pressure imposed by the human immune system. We exploited the availability of a large number of high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes, as well as of validated epitope predictions, to show that B cell epitopes in the spike glycoprotein (S) and in the nucleocapsid protein (N) have higher diversity than nonepitope positions. Similar results were obtained for other human coronaviruses and for sarbecoviruses sampled in bats. Conversely, in the SARS-CoV-2 population, epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were not more variable than nonepitope positions. A significant reduction in epitope variability was instead observed for some of the most immunogenic proteins (S, N, ORF8 and ORF3a). Analysis over longer evolutionary time frames indicated that this effect is not due to differential constraints. These data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 evolves to elude the host humoral immune response, whereas recognition by T cells is not actively avoided by the virus. However, we also found a trend of lower diversity of T cell epitopes for common cold coronaviruses, indicating that epitope conservation per se is not directly linked to disease severity. We suggest that conservation serves to maintain epitopes that elicit tolerizing T cell responses or induce T cells with regulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEABioinformaticsBosisio PariniItaly
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEABioinformaticsBosisio PariniItaly
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEABioinformaticsBosisio PariniItaly
| | - Alessandra Mozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEABioinformaticsBosisio PariniItaly
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEABioinformaticsBosisio PariniItaly
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUSIRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEABioinformaticsBosisio PariniItaly
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26
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Mishu ID, Akter S, Alam ASMRU, Hossain MA, Sultana M. In silico Evolutionary Divergence Analysis Suggests the Potentiality of Capsid Protein VP2 in Serotype-Independent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Detection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:592. [PMID: 33102548 PMCID: PMC7546019 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically devastating disease of the livestock worldwide and caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), which has seven immunologically distinct serotypes (O, A, Asia1, C, and SAT1-SAT3). Studies suggest that VP2 is relatively conserved among three surface-exposed capsid proteins (VP1-VP3) of FMDV, but the level of conservation has not yet been reported. Here we analyzed the comparative evolutionary divergence of VP2 and VP1 to determine the level of conservation in VP2 at different hierarchical levels of three FMDV serotypes (O, A, and Asia1) currently circulating in Asia through an in-depth computational analysis of 14 compiled datasets and designed a consensus VP2 protein that can be used for the development of a serotype-independent FMDV detection tool. The phylogenetic analysis clearly represented a significant level of conservation in VP2 over VP1 at each subgroup level. The protein variability analysis and mutational study showed the presence of 67.4% invariant amino acids in VP2, with the N-terminal end being highly conserved. Nine inter-serotypically conserved fragments located on VP2 have been identified, among which four sites showed promising antigenicity value and surface exposure. The designed 130 amino acid long consensus VP2 protein possessed six surface-exposed B cell epitopes, which suggests the possible potentiality of the protein for the development of a serotype-independent FMDV detection tool in Asia. Conclusively, this is the first study to report the comparative evolutionary divergence between VP2 and VP1, along with proposing the possible potentiality of a designed protein candidate in serotype-independent FMDV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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27
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Hernandez DN, Tam K, Shopsin B, Radke EE, Law K, Cardozo T, Torres VJ, Silverman GJ. Convergent Evolution of Neutralizing Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus γ-Hemolysin C That Recognize an Immunodominant Primary Sequence-Dependent B-Cell Epitope. mBio 2020; 11:e00460-20. [PMID: 32546616 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00460-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is a major public health threat in part due to the spread of antibiotic resistance and repeated failures to develop a protective vaccine. Infection is associated with production of virulence factors that include exotoxins that attack host barriers and cellular defenses, such as the leukocidin (Luk) family of bicomponent pore-forming toxins. To investigate the structural basis of antibody-mediated functional inactivation of Luk toxins, we generated a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that neutralize host cell killing by the γ-hemolysin HlgCB. Staphylococcus aureus infection is a major public health threat in part due to the spread of antibiotic resistance and repeated failures to develop a protective vaccine. Infection is associated with production of virulence factors that include exotoxins that attack host barriers and cellular defenses, such as the leukocidin (Luk) family of bicomponent pore-forming toxins. To investigate the structural basis of antibody-mediated functional inactivation of Luk toxins, we generated a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that neutralize host cell killing by the γ-hemolysin HlgCB. By biopanning these MAbs against a phage-display library of random Luk peptide fragments, we identified a small subregion within the rim domain of HlgC as the epitope for all the MAbs. Within the native holotoxin, this subregion folds into a conserved β-hairpin structure, with exposed key residues, His252 and Tyr253, required for antibody binding. On the basis of the phage-display results and molecular modeling, a 15-amino-acid synthetic peptide representing the minimal epitope on HlgC (HlgC241-255) was designed, and preincubation with this peptide blocked antibody-mediated HIgCB neutralization. Immunization of mice with HlgC241-255 or the homologous LukS246-260 subregion peptide elicited serum antibodies that specifically recognized the native holotoxin subunits. Furthermore, serum IgG from patients who were convalescent for invasive S. aureus infection showed neutralization of HlgCB toxin activity ex vivo, which recognized the immunodominant HlgC241-255 peptide and was dependent on His252 and Tyr253 residues. We have thus validated an efficient, rapid, and scalable experimental workflow for identification of immunodominant and immunogenic leukotoxin-neutralizing B-cell epitopes that can be exploited for new S. aureus-protective vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Mantile F, Capasso A, De Berardinis P, Prisco A. Analysis of the Consolidation Phase of Immunological Memory within the IgG Response to a B Cell Epitope Displayed on a Filamentous Bacteriophage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040564. [PMID: 32295280 PMCID: PMC7232419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory can be defined as the ability to mount a response of greater magnitude and with faster kinetics upon re-encounter of the same antigen. We have previously reported that a booster dose of a protein antigen given 15 days after the first dose interferes with the development of memory, i.e., with the ability to mount an epitope-specific IgG response of greater magnitude upon re-encounter of the same antigen. We named the time-window during which memory is vulnerable to disruption a “consolidation phase in immunological memory”, by analogy with the memory consolidation processes that occur in the nervous system to stabilize memory traces. In this study, we set out to establish if a similar memory consolidation phase occurs in the IgG response to a B cell epitope displayed on a filamentous bacteriophage. To this end, we have analyzed the time-course of anti-β-amyloid IgG titers in mice immunized with prototype Alzheimer’s Disease vaccine fdAD(2-6), which consists of a fd phage that displays the B epitope AEFRH of β -amyloid at the N-terminus of the Major Capsid Protein. A booster dose of phage fdAD(2-6) given 15 days after priming significantly reduced the ratio between the magnitude of the secondary and primary IgG response to β-amyloid. This analysis confirms, in a phage vaccine, a consolidation phase in immunological memory, occurring two weeks after priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mantile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Capasso
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Antonella Prisco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.D.B.); (A.P.)
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Xu LL, Chen J, Sun LR, Gao X, Lin H, Ahmed I, Pramod SN, Li ZX. Analysis of the allergenicity and B cell epitopes in tropomyosin of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and correlation to cross-reactivity based on epitopes with fish (Larimichthys crocea) and clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Food Chem 2020; 323:126763. [PMID: 32334299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin (TM) is a highly conserved protein that considered as the major allergen of crustacean and mollusk species, while, fish-TM also shares high homology with low allergenicity. In this study, the amino acid sequence, B cell epitopes and allergenicity of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), which is widely consumed, were evaluated by using immunoinformatic tools, dot-blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mediator release assay. Meanwhile, cross-reactivity of allergic epitopes of fish-TM, shrimp-TM and clam-TM were assessed. Results showed that three IgE-binding epitopes (X1: 47-61, QKRMQQLENDLDQVQ; X2: 97-108, EDLERSEERLNT and X3: 244-257, RSVQKLQKEVDRLE) of shrimp-TM also exhibited degranulation ability. In comparison with epitopes from shrimp-TM, those from clam-TM showed high cross-reactivity (>80%) and degranulation ability, while those from fish-TM showed low cross-reactivity (<20%). These findings would apply a new understanding of the cross-reactivity of TM from fish, shrimp and clam in terms of allergenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Li Rui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Allergy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - S N Pramod
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shimoga-577203, Karnataka 560037, India
| | - Zhen Xing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
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Grifoni A, Sidney J, Zhang Y, Scheuermann RH, Peters B, Sette A. A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:671-680.e2. [PMID: 32183941 PMCID: PMC7142693 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective countermeasures against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) require the development of data and tools to understand and monitor its spread and immune responses to it. However, little information is available about the targets of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. We used the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) to catalog available data related to other coronaviruses. This includes SARS-CoV, which has high sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-2 and is the best-characterized coronavirus in terms of epitope responses. We identified multiple specific regions in SARS-CoV-2 that have high homology to the SARS-CoV virus. Parallel bioinformatic predictions identified a priori potential B and T cell epitopes for SARS-CoV-2. The independent identification of the same regions using two approaches reflects the high probability that these regions are promising targets for immune recognition of SARS-CoV-2. These predictions can facilitate effective vaccine design against this virus of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Grifoni A, Sidney J, Zhang Y, Scheuermann RH, Peters B, Sette A. Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to 2019-Novel Coronavirus (nCoV): Sequence Homology- and Bioinformatic-Based Predictions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020:3541361. [PMID: 32714104 PMCID: PMC7366807 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3541361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective countermeasures against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) require the development of data and tools to understand and monitor viral spread and immune responses. However, little information about the targets of immune responses to 2019-nCoV is available. We used the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) resource to catalog available data related to other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, which has high sequence similarity to 2019-nCoV, and is the best-characterized coronavirus in terms of epitope responses. We identified multiple specific regions in 2019-nCoV that have high homology to SARS virus. Parallel bionformatic predictions identified a priori potential B and T cell epitopes for 2019-nCoV. The independent identification of the same regions using two approaches reflects the high probability that these regions are targets for immune recognition of 2019-nCoV.
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DARABI E, MOTEVASELI E, KHORRAMIZADEH MR, MOHEBALI M, ROKNI MB, ZAHABIUN F, KIA EB. Design and Construction of a Fusion Peptide Containing B1, B2, B4, and EPC1 Epitopes for Diagnosis of Human Cystic Echinococcosis. Iran J Public Health 2019; 48:1671-1680. [PMID: 31700823 PMCID: PMC6825663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE), larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, immunodiagnostics is still a challenge due to asymptomatic nature of CE during the early phase of infection and imperfection of diagnostic antigens. In silico design and assessments of hydatid cyst antigens provide preeminent information for novel and favorable diagnostic methods. METHODS This study was performed at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018. The sequences of B2, EPC1, B1 and B4 antigens were collected and analyzed for sequence conservancy by protein BLAST search and CLUSTALW multiple sequence alignment. The secondary and 3D structures were predicted using ab initio and threading methods. The antigens were analyzed for their B cell epitopic content using linear and conformational B cell epitope prediction tools. The final diagnostic antigen was designed by fusing the selected epitopic determinants form each antigen. RESULTS Given the conservancy results and B cell epitope predictions, the whole B2 antigen along with amino acids spanning 1-50, 1-30, and 30-81 regions of EPC1, B1 and B4 antigens were selected to design the final antigen. High surface accessibility (75%), protein stability, low free energy and high number of amino acids involved in B cell epitopes were desirable properties for the final antigen to interact with antibodies against CE. CONCLUSION In silico design of such antigens is useful for better diagnosis of CE, decrease the cost and the time required for antigen design, while avoiding the ethical aspects of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayat DARABI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe MOTEVASELI
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Mohammad Reza KHORRAMIZADEH
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi MOHEBALI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher ROKNI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh ZAHABIUN
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom KIA
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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Yari M, Eslami M, Ghoshoon MB, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Decreasing the immunogenicity of Erwinia chrysanthemi asparaginase via protein engineering: computational approach. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4751-4761. [PMID: 31290058 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins is one of the main challenges in disease treatment. L-Asparaginase is an important enzyme in cancer treatment which sometimes leads to undesirable side effects such as immunogenic or allergic responses. Here, to decrease Erwinase (Erwinia chrysanthemiL-Asparaginase) immunogenicity, which is the main drawback of the enzyme, firstly conformational B cell epitopes of Erwinase were predicted from three-dimensional structure by three different computational methods. A few residues were defined as candidates for reducing immunogenicity of the protein by point mutation. In addition to immunogenicity and hydrophobicity, stability and binding energy of mutants were also analyzed computationally. In order to evaluate the stability of the best mutant, molecular dynamics simulation was performed. Among mutants, H240A and Q239A presented significant reduction in immunogenicity. In contrast, the immunogenicity scores of D235A slightly decreased according to two servers. Binding affinity of substrate to the active site reduced significantly in K265A and E268A. The final results of molecular dynamics simulation indicated that H240A mutation has not changed the stability, flexibility, and the total structure of desired protein. Overall, point mutation can be used for reducing immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, in this context, in silico approaches can be used to screen suitable mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Ghoshoon
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
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Jespersen MC, Mahajan S, Peters B, Nielsen M, Marcatili P. Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:298. [PMID: 30863406 PMCID: PMC6399414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cells can neutralize pathogenic molecules by targeting them with extreme specificity using receptors secreted or expressed on their surface (antibodies). This is achieved via molecular interactions between the paratope (i.e., the antibody residues involved in the binding) and the interacting region (epitope) of its target molecule (antigen). Discerning the rules that define this specificity would have profound implications for our understanding of humoral immunogenicity and its applications. The aim of this work is to produce improved, antibody-specific epitope predictions by exploiting features derived from the antigens and their cognate antibodies structures, and combining them using statistical and machine learning algorithms. We have identified several geometric and physicochemical features that are correlated in interacting paratopes and epitopes, used them to develop a Monte Carlo algorithm to generate putative epitopes-paratope pairs, and train a machine-learning model to score them. We show that, by including the structural and physicochemical properties of the paratope, we improve the prediction of the target of a given B-cell receptor. Moreover, we demonstrate a gain in predictive power both in terms of identifying the cognate antigen target for a given antibody and the antibody target for a given antigen, exceeding the results of other available tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Closter Jespersen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Swapnil Mahajan
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease, Allergy and Asthma Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease, Allergy and Asthma Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Nordén R, Nilsson J, Samuelsson E, Risinger C, Sihlbom C, Blixt O, Larson G, Olofsson S, Bergström T. Recombinant Glycoprotein E of Varicella Zoster Virus Contains Glycan-Peptide Motifs That Modulate B Cell Epitopes into Discrete Immunological Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E954. [PMID: 30813247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant subunit vaccine (Shingrix®) was recently licensed for use against herpes zoster. This vaccine is based on glycoprotein E (gE) of varicella zoster virus (VZV), the most abundantly expressed protein of VZV, harboring sites for N- and O-linked glycosylation. The subunit vaccine elicits stronger virus-specific CD4+ T cell response as well as antibody B cell response to gE, compared to the currently used live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax®). This situation is at variance with the current notion since a live vaccine, causing an active virus infection, should be far more efficient than a subunit vaccine based on only one single viral glycoprotein. We previously found gE to be heavily glycosylated, not least by numerous clustered O-linked glycans, when it was produced in human fibroblasts. However, in contrast to Zostavax®, which is produced in fibroblasts, the recombinant gE of Shingrix® is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Hence, the glycan occupancy and glycan structures of gE may differ considerably between the two vaccine types. Here, we aimed at (i) defining the glycan structures and positions of recombinant gE and (ii) identifying possible features of the recombinant gE O-glycosylation pattern contributing to the vaccine efficacy of Shingrix®. Firstly, recombinant gE produced in CHO cells (“Shingrix situation”) is more scarcely decorated by O-linked glycans than gE from human fibroblasts (“Zostavax situation”), with respect to glycan site occupancy. Secondly, screening of immunodominant B cell epitopes of gE, using a synthetic peptide library against serum samples from VZV-seropositive individuals, revealed that the O-linked glycan signature promoted binding of IgG antibodies via a decreased number of interfering O-linked glycans, but also via specific O-linked glycans enhancing antibody binding. These findings may, in part, explain the higher protective efficacy of Shingrix®, and can also be of relevance for development of subunit vaccines to other enveloped viruses.
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Eyes TJ, Austerberry JI, Dearman RJ, Johannissen LO, Kimber I, Smith N, Thistlethwaite A, Derrick JP. Identification of B cell epitopes enhanced by protein unfolding and aggregation. Mol Immunol 2019; 105:181-9. [PMID: 30550980 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of an exemplar therapeutic antibody fragment (scFv) enhances immunogenicity in vivo. Epitope mapping reveals immunogenicity is directed to a specific epitope in aggregate species. Molecular simulation demonstrates biophysical stress enhances epitope presentation. Protein aggregates have distinct immunological profiles to their native counterparts.
Aggregation of therapeutic proteins is a key factor in the generation of unwanted immunogenicity, and can result in reduced serum half-life, neutralization of function and adverse health effects. There is currently little information regarding how aggregates interact with B-cell receptors or cognate antibodies at the protein sequence level, or whether non-native, aggregate-induced epitopes predominate in these interactions. Using an antibody fragment (single chain antibody variable fragment; scFv) that forms aggregates readily at low temperature, anti-scFv IgG antibody responses were generated by intraperitoneal injection of BALB/c strain mice with monomer or aggregate preparations. Aggregate-specific immunosignatures were identified by oligo-peptide microarray fine epitope mapping, using overlapping 15mer peptides based on the linear sequence of scFv, printed onto glass slides. IgG antibodies from mice immunized with aggregated scFv preferentially recognized a patch of overlapping peptides. This region mapped to a β-strand located at the interface between the VH and VL domains. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the VL domain is less stable than the VH domain, suggesting the interface region between the two domains becomes exposed during partial unfolding of the scFv during aggregate formation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that epitopes from partially unfolded states are revealed, or are more fully exposed, in the aggregated state, and that this can augment the IgG antibody response. This observation offers the theoretical possibility that epitopes preferentially associated with aggregates can be identified from the anti-drug antibody serum IgG response which may, in turn, lead to better methods for detection of anti-drug antibody responses, and improved design of therapeutic proteins to control immunogenicity.
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Kumar A, Pandey R, Yadav IS, Bharadwaj M. Structural and Epitope Analysis (T- and B-Cell Epitopes) of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Glycoproteins: An in silico Approach. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:352-361. [PMID: 30568344 PMCID: PMC6286880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) poses a major risk for liver disease like cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. In terms of percentage, the prevalence of HCV in India was found to be low to moderate (1-1.5%), but in terms of sheer numbers, India has a significant number of global HCV patients. Presently, HCV can be treated with direct acting-antibody drugs but there is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine available against it. In HCV infection, T- and B-cell immunity is important for clearing the virus. In the present study immunoinformatics was used to identify potent vaccine target for HCV vaccine development. METHODS Sequence of HCV was retrieved from NCBI and their structural analysis was done by using Protpram, PSIPRED, iTASSER and PDBsum servers. T-cell and B-cell epitopes were predicted by Immune Epitope Database and ACBPRED servers. RESULTS On epitope prediction, 25 and 55 potent MHC-I epitopes and 7 and 13 potent B-cell epitopes were predicted for E1 and E2 protein respectively. Their antigenicity score was also calculated. The most potent MHC-I epitopes were MMMNWSPAV and MAWDMMMNW for HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-B*53:01 and most potent B-cell epitope was TGHRMAWDMMMNWSPA for E1 protein. For E2, four MHC-I epitopes having the lowest binding energy and most potent B-cell epitope was DRPYCWHYAPRPCDTI. CONCLUSION In the present study, most potent epitopes for HCV was determined on the basis of their antigenicity along with 3D modeling and docking. Identified B- and T-cell epitopes can be used for the development of potent vaccine against most prevalent HCV type in India to limit its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer prevention and research (NICPR) formerly Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India,Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, India
| | - Roma Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalmay Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Inderjit S. Yadav
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer prevention and research (NICPR) formerly Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India,Address for correspondence: Mausumi Bharadwaj, Scientist F, Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, India.
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Westfall J, Yates JL, Van Slyke G, Ehrbar D, Measey T, Straube R, Donini O, Mantis NJ. Thermal stability and epitope integrity of a lyophilized ricin toxin subunit vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:5967-5976. [PMID: 30172637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodefense vaccine are destined to be stockpiled for periods of time and deployed in the event of a public health emergency. In this report, we compared the potency of liquid and lyophilized (thermostabilized) formulations of a candidate ricin toxin subunit vaccine, RiVax, adsorbed to aluminum salts adjuvant, over a 12-month period. The liquid and lyophilized formulations were stored at stressed (40 °C) and unstressed (4 °C) conditions and evaluated at 3, 6 and 12-month time points for potency in a mouse model of lethal dose ricin challenge. At the same time points, the vaccine formulations were interrogated in vitro by competition ELISA for conformational integrity using a panel of three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), PB10, WECB2, and SyH7, directed against known immunodominant toxin-neutralizing epitopes on RiVax. We found that the liquid vaccine under stress conditions declined precipitously within the first three months, as evidenced by a reduction in in vivo potency and concomitant loss of mAb recognition in vitro. In contrast, the lyophilized RiVax vaccine retained in vivo potency and conformational integrity for up to one year at 4 °C and 40 °C. We discuss the utility of monitoring the integrity of one or more toxin-neutralizing epitopes on RiVax as a possible supplement to animal studies to assess vaccine potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Westfall
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Jennifer L Yates
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Greta Van Slyke
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Dylan Ehrbar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
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Wang Z, Huang B, Thomas M, Sreenivasan CC, Sheng Z, Yu J, Hause BM, Wang D, Francis DH, Kaushik RS, Li F. Detailed mapping of the linear B Cell epitopes of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of swine influenza virus. Virology 2018; 522:131-7. [PMID: 30029012 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the Hemagglutinin (HA) protein peptide array of H1N1 pdm09 and a panel of swine antisera against various swine influenza H1 and H3 clusters, we identified three immunoreactive epitopes with one (peptide 15) located in HA1 (amino acids 57-71) and two (peptides 121 and 139) in HA2 (amino acids 481-495 and 553-566). Further analysis showed that all swine antisera of H1 clusters efficiently recognized two HA2 epitopes; peptides 121 and 139, with only a subset of antisera reactive to HA1-derived peptide 15. Interestingly, none of these peptides were reactive to SIV H3 antisera. Finally, intranasal inoculation of peptides 15 and 121 into pigs revealed that peptide 121, not peptide 15, was able to generate antibody responses in some animals. The results of our experiments provide an important foundation for further analyzing the immune response against these peptides during natural viral infection and also provide peptide substrates for diagnostic assays.
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40
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Park BK, Lee SI, Bae JY, Park MS, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the M Protein of MERS-CoV for Detection of MERS-CoV Using a Synthetic Peptide Epitope Formulated with a CpG-DNA-Liposome Complex. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019; 25:819-26. [PMID: 32214929 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) contains four major structural proteins, the spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, membrane (M) glycoprotein and small envelope glycoprotein. The M protein of MERS-CoV has a role in the morphogenesis or assembly of the virus and inhibits type I interferon expression in infected cells. Here, we produced a monoclonal antibody specific against the M protein of MERS-CoV by injecting BALB/c mice with a complex containing the epitope peptide and CpG–DNA encapsulated with a phosphatidyl-β-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE):cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS). The monoclonal antibody was reactive to the epitope peptide of the M protein of MERS-CoV which was confirmed by western blotting and immunoprecipitations. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and confocal image analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody binds specifically to the M protein of MERS-CoV in the virus-infected cells. Further studies using this monoclonal antibody may provide important information on the function of the M protein and its future application in diagnostics.
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Abstract
Allergy is a common health problem worldwide, especially food allergy. Since B cell epitopes that are recognized by the IgE antibodies act as antigenic determinants for allergy, they play a vital role in diagnostics. Hence, knowledge of an IgE binding epitope in a protein is of particular interest for identifying aller-genic proteins. Though IgE epitopes maybe conformational or linear, identification of the later is useful especially in food allergens that undergo processing or digestion. Very few computational tools are available for the prediction of linear IgE epitopes. Here we report a prediction system that predicts the exact linear IgE epitope. Since our earlier study on linear B cell epitope prediction demonstrated the effectiveness of using an exact epitope dataset (in contrast to epitope containing region datasets), the dataset in this study uses only experimentally verified exact IgE, IgG, IgM and IgA epitopes. Models for Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) were constructed adopting Dipeptide Deviation from the Expected mean (DDE) feature vector. Extensive validation procedures including five-fold cross validation and two different independent dataset tests have been performed to validate the proposed method, which achieved a balanced accuracy ranging from 74 to 78% with area under receiver operator curve greater than 0.8. Performance of the proposed method was observed to be better (accuracy difference of 16-28%) in comparison to the existing available method. The proposed method is developed as a standalone tool that could be used for predicting IgE epitopes as well as to be incorporated into any allergen prediction toolhttps://github.com/brsaran/BCIgePred.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saravanan
- Center for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025 India.,
| | - N Gautham
- Center for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025 India
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Song X, Zhang H, Zhang D, Xie W, Zhao G. Bioinformatics analysis and epitope screening of a potential vaccine antigen TolB from Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 62:73-79. [PMID: 29673984 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical isolation rate of multidrug-resistant or pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is increasing, resulting that optional antibiotics are very limited in clinical practice. To deal with such a dilemma in treatment, the development of effective vaccines serves as a good strategy. Outer membrane proteins (Omp) often contain potential excellent vaccine antigens, and NCBI has published >300 Omp sequences of A. baumannii (including the duplicates). To accurately screen out the potential excellent antigen molecules from a large number of sequences, and avoid repetitive experimental processes is of great significance. In this study, we used the bioinformatics software to give extensive predictions of TolB protein. Results suggest it is a potential vaccine antigen. We then cloned the TolB gene fragments and confirmed it was highly conserved among the strains. Finally, we designed a good recombinant epitopes and conducted experimental verification. These findings provided grounds for animal immunology experiments in the future, and showed an orientation for the efficient development of A. baumannii vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Song
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 255036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Xie
- Department of ICU, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Yates JL, Leadbetter E, Mantis NJ. Alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) enhances vaccine-induced protection in a model of ricin intoxication. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2053-2057. [PMID: 29617191 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1461299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) is a glycolipid derived from a marine sponge that is a potent activator of both mouse and human invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. For that reason, αGalCer is a promising vaccine adjuvant that has been shown to improve both humoral and cellular immunity when co-administered with various vaccines, including candidate vaccines for biodefense. In the current study, we tested the effectiveness of αGalCer as an adjuvant for the clinically-relevant ricin toxin subunit vaccine, RiVax. αGalCer had a potent adjuvant effect, as shown by a rapid onset of anti-ricin IgG titers, accelerated development of serum toxin-neutralizing activity, and enhanced protection from lethal ricin challenge in a mouse model. These results underscore the potential of αGalCer to augment the protective immune response to a vaccine designed to counteract ricin toxin, a fast-acting biothreat agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Yates
- a Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany , NY
| | - Elizabeth Leadbetter
- b Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics , The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- a Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany , NY
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Lefranc MP, Ehrenmann F, Kossida S, Giudicelli V, Duroux P. Use of IMGT(®) Databases and Tools for Antibody Engineering and Humanization. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1827:35-69. [PMID: 30196491 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® ( http://www.imgt.org ), was created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS) to manage the huge diversity of the antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, and T cell receptors (TR). The founding of IMGT® marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. Standardized sequence and structure analysis of antibody using IMGT® databases and tools allow one to bridge, for the first time, the gap between antibody sequences and three-dimensional (3D) structures. This is achieved through the IMGT Scientific chart rules, based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts of classification (IMGT gene and allele nomenclature), description (IMGT standardized labels), and numerotation (IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Collier de Perles). IMGT® is acknowledged as the global reference for immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, and its standards are particularly useful for antibody engineering and humanization. IMGT® databases for antibody nucleotide sequences and genes include IMGT/LIGM-DB and IMGT/GENE-DB, respectively, and nucleotide sequence analysis is performed by the IMGT/V-QUEST and IMGT/JunctionAnalysis tools and for NGS by IMGT/HighV-QUEST. In this chapter, we focus on IMGT® databases and tools for amino acid sequences, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures: the IMGT/DomainGapAlign and IMGT Collier de Perles tools and the IMGT/2Dstructure-DB and IMGT/3Dstructure-DB database. IMGT/mAb-DB provides the query interface for monoclonal antibodies (mAb), fusion proteins for immune applications (FPIA), and composite proteins for clinical applications (CPCA) and related proteins of interest (RPI) and links to the proposed and recommended lists of the World Health Organization International Nonproprietary Name (WHO INN) programme, to IMGT/2Dstructure-DB for amino acid sequences, and to IMGT/3Dstructure-DB and its associated tools (IMGT/StructuralQuery, IMGT/DomainSuperimpose) for crystallized antibodies.
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Wang M, Lomeli SH, Franklin WA, Lee S, Pantuck AJ, Zeng G. Optimizing peptide epitope-based autoantibody detection in cancer patients. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 6:84-91. [PMID: 29181273 PMCID: PMC5698562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibody (autoAb) response is an important arm of endogenously arising anti-tumor immune responses, and has received new attention as a cancer biomarker with the recent success of immune check-point inhibitor therapy. Our laboratory has been focusing on measuring autoAb against B-cell epitopes in order to bypass the necessity to purify a panel of recombinant proteins. In order to optimize peptide-based autoAb measurement and to increase sensitivities to cover more patients, we developed a new approach of using mixed peptides to conjugate on the same microsphere and compared its results with the use of a dominant peptide epitope using Luminex microbead-based multiplex assays. The peptide epitopes of two cancer/germline antigens, New York esophageal cancer antigen-1 (NY-ESO-1) and X antigen family member-1b (XAGE-1b), and cancer/stem cell antigen, sex determining region Y-box-2 (SOX2), were used as prototypes in this study. Our results indicate that using mixed peptides of B-cell epitopes improves the sensitivity of detecting more patients with autoAb responses. Thus, when the full-length protein is not available for conjugating onto microspheres, a mixture of B-cell epitopes is the method of choice for using Luminex multiplex assay to detect autoAb response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maize Wang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles 90095, CA, U. S. A.
| | - Shirley H Lomeli
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles 90095, CA, U. S. A.
| | - Wilbur A Franklin
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora 80045, CO, U. S. A.
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles 90095, CA, U. S. A.
| | - Allan J Pantuck
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles 90095, CA, U. S. A.
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles 90095, CA, U. S. A.
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Bohórquez JA, Defaus S, Muñoz-González S, Perez-Simó M, Rosell R, Fraile L, Sobrino F, Andreu D, Ganges L. A bivalent dendrimeric peptide bearing a T-cell epitope from foot-and-mouth disease virus protein 3A improves humoral response against classical swine fever virus. Virus Res 2017; 238:8-12. [PMID: 28571760 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three dendrimeric peptides were synthesized in order to evaluate their immunogenicity and their potential protection against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in domestic pigs. Construct 1, an optimized version of a previously used dendrimer, had four copies of a B-cell epitope derived from CSFV E2 glycoprotein connected to an also CSFV-derived T-cell epitope through maleimide instead of thioether linkages. Construct 2 was similarly built but included only two copies of the B-cell epitope, and in also bivalent construct 3 the CSFV T-cell epitope was replaced by a previously described one from the 3A protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Animals were inoculated twice with a 21-day interval and challenged 15days after the second immunization. Clinical signs were recorded daily and ELISA tests were performed to detect antibodies against specific peptide and E2. The neutralising antibody response was assessed 13days after challenge. Despite the change to maleimide connectivity, only partial protection against CSFV was again observed. The best clinical protection was observed in group 3. Animals inoculated with constructs 2 and 3 showed higher anti-peptide humoral response, suggesting that two copies of the B-cell epitope are sufficient or even better than four copies for swine immune recognition. In addition, for construct 3 higher neutralizing antibody titres against CSFV were detected. Our results support the immunogenicity of the CSFV B-cell epitope and the cooperative role of the FMDV 3A T-cell epitope in inducing a neutralising response against CSFV in domestic pigs. This is also the first time that the FMDV T-cell epitope shows effectivity in improving swine immune response against a different virus. Our findings highlight the relevance of dendrimeric peptides as a powerful tool for epitope characterization and antiviral strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (DARP), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, Universidad de Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Liu J, Ma Q, Yang F, Zhu R, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Du C, Langford PR, Han W, Yang J, Lei L. B cell cross-epitope of Propionibacterium acnes and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia selected by phage display library can efficiently protect from Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection. Vet Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia (CPP), caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), is a highly transmissible and fatal respiratory illness that causes tremendous economic losses for the pig breeding industry worldwide. Propionibacterium acnes (PA) has a strong cross-reaction with anti-APP1 and anti-APP5 serum and can efficiently prevent APP infection, which was fortuitously found in researching the differential gene between the different APP serotypes. There seems to be some natural cross-protection between PA and APP. To identify the common epitope, the phage display library of a PA whole genome was constructed, whose size is 105. The DNA sequence of the positive clone was determined after three rounds of biopanning, and ten common protein types were identified and the epitope was predicted by computer software. Six peptide epitopes were selected and synthesized for further analysis. Among these epitopes, Ba1, Bb5 and C1 could bind to anti-PA serum and anti-APP1 serum and vice versa. Furthermore, the IgG and IL-4 levels and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in the Ba1, Bb5 and C1 groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the epitopes could trigger an immune response, which was mainly humoral immunity. Moreover, Ba1 and Bb5 equally protected 80% of mice from a fatal dose of APP1 infection compared with the control group. Mice could resist APP1 and APP5 challenge after being treated with the combination of Ba1 and Bb5, with survival rates of 80% and 90%, respectively. These findings suggest that the PA epitope confers antigenicity and can heterologously resist to the APP infection. This finding provides a novel strategy for preventing APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Rining Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1 PG, United Kingdom
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Lee HB, Piao DC, Lee JY, Choi JY, Bok JD, Cho CS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Artificially designed recombinant protein composed of multiple epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus as a vaccine candidate. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:33. [PMID: 28228147 PMCID: PMC5322615 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding the safety of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine have been raised since it is produced from cultured live FMD virus (FMDV). To overcome this issue, recombinant protein has been studied as an alternative vaccine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We designed a chimerical multi-epitope recombinant protein (5BT), which is comprised of tandem repeats of five B cell epitopes (residue of VP1 136-162) derived from different FMDV variants and one T-cell epitope (residue of 3A 21-35). To increase solubility and stability of 5BT, it was conjugated with BmpB, the membrane protein B of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (B5BT). Our results indicated that 5BT was susceptible to degradation by host protease and produced with substantial fraction of inclusion body. The stability and solubility of 5BT was greatly increased by conjugating to BmpB. FMDV specific antibodies were observed in the serum of mice immunized with 5BT and B5BT comparable to inactivated FMD vaccine. Sera from 5BT and B5BT groups also exhibited high epitope-specific antibody titers in peptide specific ELISA, indicating that all five epitopes are exposed to the B cell receptor for the antibody reaction. Thus the multi-epitope recombinant protein designed in this study may be a potential candidate as an alternative vaccine against FMDV epidemic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Chuan Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yun Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447-1 Pyeongchang-Daero, Daehwa-Myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447-1 Pyeongchang-Daero, Daehwa-Myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 115-921, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yokomine M, Matsueda S, Kawano K, Sasada T, Fukui A, Yamashita T, Komatsu N, Shichijo S, Tasaki K, Matsukuma K, Itoh K, Kamura T, Ushijima K. Enhancement of humoral and cell mediated immune response to HPV16 L1-derived peptides subsequent to vaccination with prophylactic bivalent HPV L1 virus-like particle vaccine in healthy females. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1500-1505. [PMID: 28413500 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently prophylactic HPV16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines are employed with great success for the prevention of HPV infection. However, limited information is available regarding the immune responses against human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 L1 subsequent to HPV16/18 L1 VLP vaccination, primarily due to the lack of widely used assays for immune monitoring. The aim of the present study was to identify HPV16 L1-derived B and T cell epitopes for monitoring the immune responses after HPV16/18 L1 VLP vaccination in healthy females. The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgE, IgA and IgM reactive to HPV16 L1-derived peptides were measured by multiplex bead suspension assay. Following detailed B cell epitope mapping, T cell responses specific to HPV16 L1-derived peptides were evaluated by an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. The levels of IgG, IgM and IgA reactive to 20-mer peptides (PTPSGSMVTSDAQIFNKPYW) at positions 293-312 and 300-319 of HPV16 L1 were significantly increased in the plasma after 2, 7, and 12 months after first vaccination. Detailed epitope mapping identified the amino acid sequence (TSDAQIFNKP) at position 301-310 of HPV16 L1 as an immunogenic B cell epitope. In addition, T cell responses to an HLA-A2- and HLA-A24-restricted epitope (QIFNKPYWL) at position 305-313 of HPV16 L1 were increased following immunization, suggesting that the HPV16/18 L1-VLP vaccination as able to induce specific immune responses in T and B cells simultaneously. The identified B and T cell epitopes may be useful as a biomarker for monitoring the immune responses subsequent to HPV16/18 L1 VLP vaccination. Thus, the present study may provide novel information to improve the understanding of the immune responses to HPV16 L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yokomine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsueda
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0863, Japan
| | - Kouichiro Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0863, Japan
| | - Akimasa Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takuto Yamashita
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shichijo
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0863, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ken Matsukuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kyogo Itoh
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0863, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Kamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kimio Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Bayrami V, Keyhanfar M, Mohabatkar H, Mahdavi M, Moreau V. In silico prediction of B cell epitopes of the extracellular domain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Mol Biol Res Commun 2016; 5:201-14. [PMID: 28261624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. The receptor plays a critical role in cancer. Using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the IGF-1R, typically blocks ligand binding and enhances down-regulation of the cell-surface IGF-1R. Some MAbs such as cixutumumab are under clinical trial investigation. Targeting multiple distinct epitopes on IGF-1R, might be an effective strategy to inhibit IGF-1R pathway in cancer. In this study, new linear B cell epitopes for the extracellular domains of IGF-1R were predicted by in silico methods using a combination of linear B cell epitope prediction web servers such as ABCpred, Bepired, BCPREDs, Bcepred and Elliprro. Moreover, Discotope, B- pred and PEPOP web server tools were employed to predict new conformational B cell epitopes. In contrast to previously reported epitopes from extracellular region of the IGF-1R, we predicted new linear P8: (RQPQDGYLYRHNYCSK) and conformational Pc4: (HYYYAGVCVPACPPNTYRFE), Ppc6: (KMCPSTGKRENNESAPDNDT) and Ppc20: (ANILSAESSDSEFMQEPSGFI) epitopes. These epitopes are useful for further study as peptide antigens to actively immune host animals to develop new MAbs. Furthermore, the epitopes can be used in peptide-based cancer vaccines design.
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