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Zhou G, Luo S, He J, Chen N, Zhang Y, Cai S, Guo X, Chen H, Song C. Effectiveness and safety of tuberculosis preventive treatment for contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:189-196. [PMID: 37741621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are at risk of developing TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an intervention that can potentially reduce this risk. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TPT for contacts of patients with MDR-TB. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies on 24 July 2023, without start date restrictions. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included studies that compared TPT with no treatment in contacts of patients with MDR-TB and reported outcomes of progression to TB disease. PARTICIPANTS Contacts of patients with MDR-TB. INTERVENTIONS TPT. ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used. METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Random-effects meta-analysis was utilized to calculate the relative risk for disease progression to TB in contacts of patients with MDR-TB who received TPT compared to those who did not. Additionally, completion, adverse effect, and discontinued rates were assessed. RESULTS Involving 1105 individuals from 11 studies, the pooled relative risk for disease progression in contacts receiving TPT versus those without treatment was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16-0.72). Subgroup analysis indicated a lower pooled relative risk for regimens based on the drug-resistance profile of the index patients with TB compared to uniform treatment regimens (0.22 [95% CI: 0.06-0.84] vs. 0.49 [95% CI: 0.17-1.35]), although not statistically significant. The pooled completed rate was 83.8%, adverse effect rate was 22.9%, and discontinued rate was 6.5%. After excluding the levofloxacin and pyrazinamide regimen study, the completed rate increased to 88.0%, and adverse effects and discontinued rates decreased to 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. DISCUSSION TPT reduces TB disease progression risk in contacts of patients with MDR-TB. Tailored TPT regimens based on drug-resistance profiles may offer additional benefits. Furthermore, efforts to improve completed rates and manage adverse effects are essential for optimizing effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Science and Research, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shiqi Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shunli Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Martin L, Jain P, Ferguson Z, Gholamalizadeh T, Moshfeghifar F, Erleben K, Panozzo D, Abramowitch S, Schneider T. A systematic comparison between FEBio and PolyFEM for biomechanical systems. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2024; 244:107938. [PMID: 38056313 PMCID: PMC10843651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Finite element simulations are widely employed as a non-invasive and cost-effective approach for predicting outcomes in biomechanical simulations. However, traditional finite element software, primarily designed for engineering materials, often encountered limitations in contact detection and enforcement, leading to simulation failure when dealing with complex biomechanical configurations. Currently, a lot of model tuning is required to get physically accurate finite element simulations without failures. This adds significant human interaction to each iteration of a biomechanical model. This study addressed these issues by introducing PolyFEM, a novel finite element solver that guarantees inversion- and intersection-free solutions with completely automatic collision detection. The objective of this research is to validate PolyFEM's capabilities by comparing its results with those obtained from a well-established finite element solver, FEBio. METHODS To achieve this goal, five comparison scenarios were formulated to assess and validate PolyFEM's performance. The simulations were reproduced using both PolyFEM and FEBio, and the final results were compared. The five comparison scenarios included: (1) reproducing simulations from the FEBio test suite, consisting of static, dynamic, and contact-driven simulations; (2) replicating simulations from the verification paper published alongside the original release of FEBio; (3) a biomechanically based contact problem; (4) creating a custom simulation involving high-energy collisions between soft materials to highlight the difference in collision methods between the two solvers; and (5) performing biomechanical simulations of biting and quasi-stance. RESULTS We found that PolyFEM was capable of replicating all simulations previously conducted in FEBio. Particularly noteworthy is PolyFEM's superiority in high-energy contact simulations, where FEBio fell short, unable to complete over half of the simulations in Scenario 4. Although some of the simulations required significantly more simulation time in PolyFEM compared to FEBio, it is important to highlight that PolyFEM achieved these results without the need for any additional model tuning or contact declaration. DISCUSSION Despite being in the early stages of development, PolyFEM currently provides verified solutions for hyperelastic materials that are consistent with FEBio, both in previously published workflows and novel finite element scenarios. PolyFEM exhibited the ability to tackle challenging biomechanical problems where other solvers fell short, thus offering the potential to enhance the accuracy and realism of future finite element analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Martin
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, USA
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Landabur R, Sirlopú D. Contact quality and positive attitudes towards immigrants: The moderation of generalised trust. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38173308 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the context of international migration, intergroup contact has been widely recognised as a strategy for enhancing host populations' positive attitudes towards immigrants. However, the moderating factors that influence this association have been relatively understudied. In this research, we propose that generalised trust plays a significant role as a moderator in the relationship between the quality and quantity of intergroup contact and the positive attitudes of Chileans towards Peruvian and Venezuelan immigrants. We hypothesize that both types of contact will be associated with more positive attitudes towards immigrants in hosts with generalised trust (vs. no generalised trust). Using a sample of 916 Chilean participants, we conducted a linear regression analysis to test our hypotheses, and results show us a moderation effect only with contact quality. These findings have theoretical and practical implications, particularly in understanding how the moderation effect of generalised trust can contribute to improving intergroup attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Landabur
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - David Sirlopú
- Faculty of Psychology and Humanities, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
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Cignarella A, Marshall A, Ranse K, Opdam H, Buckley T, Hewitt J. Identity Disclosure Between Donor Family Members and Organ Transplant Recipients: A Description and Synthesis of Australian Laws and Guidelines. J Bioeth Inq 2023:10.1007/s11673-023-10287-y. [PMID: 38060147 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disclosure of information that identifies deceased organ donors and/or organ transplant recipients by organ donation agencies and transplant centres is regulated in Australia by state and territory legislation, yet a significant number of donor family members and transplant recipients independently establish contact with each other. AIM To describe and synthesize Australian laws and guidelines on the disclosure of identifying information. METHOD Legislation and guidelines relevant to organ donation and transplantation were obtained following a search of government and DonateLife network websites. Information about the regulation of identity disclosure was extracted and synthesised using a process guided by Walt and Gilson's (1994) policy analysis framework. FINDINGS Nineteen documents were examined. Six guidelines refer to and were consistent with current legislation. Four documents did not address identity disclosure. All jurisdictions prohibit healthcare professionals from disclosing identifying information. In three states, the prohibition extends to all members of the public including donor family members and transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Restrictions on identity disclosure have implications for public promotion of donation and transplantation where sharing of stories and images of organ donors and transplant recipients is common. Further research is required to understand the perspective of donor family members, transplant recipients, and healthcare professionals impacted by the current laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cignarella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- Peninsula Health, Frankston Hospital, Learning Hub, 2 Hastings Road Frankston, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Andrea Marshall
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Kristen Ranse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Helen Opdam
- Intensive Care Unit, Austin Health, The Austin Hospital, 145 Studley Road Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Australian Organ and Tissue Authority, 14 Childers Street Level 3, Canberra City, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Buckley
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building Level 8, D-18 Western Avenue Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jayne Hewitt
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Law Futures Centre, Griffith University Law School, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Fanthom TB, Wilson C, Gruber D, Bracewell DG. Solid-Solid Interfacial Contact of Tubing Walls Drives Therapeutic Protein Aggregation During Peristaltic Pumping. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3022-3034. [PMID: 37595747 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Peristaltic pumping during bioprocessing can cause therapeutic protein loss and aggregation during use. Due to the complexity of this apparatus, root-cause mechanisms behind protein loss have been long sought. We have developed new methodologies isolating various peristaltic pump mechanisms to determine their effect on monomer loss. Closed-loops of peristaltic tubing were used to investigate the effects of peristaltic pump parameters on temperature and monomer loss, whilst two mechanism isolation methodologies are used to isolate occlusion and lateral expansion-relaxation of peristaltic tubing. Heat generated during peristaltic pumping can cause heat-induced monomer loss and the extent of heat gain is dependent on pump speed and tubing type. Peristaltic pump speed was inversely related to the rate of monomer loss whereby reducing speed 2.0-fold increased loss rates by 2.0- to 5.0-fold. Occlusion is a parameter that describes the amount of tubing compression during pumping. Varying this to start the contacting of inner tubing walls is a threshold that caused an immediate 20-30% additional monomer loss and turbidity increase. During occlusion, expansion-relaxation of solid-liquid interfaces and solid-solid interface contact of tubing walls can occur simultaneously. Using two mechanisms isolation methods, the latter mechanism was found to be most destructive and a function of solid-solid contact area, where increasing the contact area 2.0-fold increased monomer loss by 1.6-fold. We establish that a form of solid-solid contact mechanism whereby the contact solid interfaces disrupt adsorbed protein films is the root-cause behind monomer loss and protein aggregation during peristaltic pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Fanthom
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Ipsen Biopharm, 9 Ash Road North, Wrexham Industrial Estate, Wales, LL13 9UF, UK
| | - David Gruber
- Ipsen Biopharm, 9 Ash Road North, Wrexham Industrial Estate, Wales, LL13 9UF, UK
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Tosa MI, Biel MJ, Graves TA. Bighorn sheep associations: understanding tradeoffs of sociality and implications for disease transmission. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15625. [PMID: 37576510 PMCID: PMC10416771 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sociality directly influences mating success, survival rates, and disease, but ultimately likely evolved for its fitness benefits in a challenging environment. The tradeoffs between the costs and benefits of sociality can operate at multiple scales, resulting in different interpretations of animal behavior. We investigated the influence of intrinsic (e.g., relatedness, age) and extrinsic factors (e.g., land cover type, season) on direct contact (simultaneous GPS locations ≤ 25 m) rates of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) at multiple scales near the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. During 2002-2012, male and female bighorn were equipped with GPS collars. Indirect contact (GPS locations ≤ 25 m regardless of time) networks identified two major breaks whereas direct contact networks identified an additional barrier in the population, all of which corresponded with prior disease exposure metrics. More direct contacts occurred between same-sex dyads than female-male dyads and between bighorn groups with overlapping summer home ranges. Direct contacts occurred most often during the winter-spring season when bighorn traveled at low speeds and when an adequate number of bighorn were collared in the area. Direct contact probabilities for all dyad types were inversely related to habitat quality, and differences in contact probability were driven by variables related to survival such as terrain ruggedness, distance to escape terrain, and canopy cover. We provide evidence that probabilities of association are higher when there is greater predation risk and that contact analysis provides valuable information for understanding fitness tradeoffs of sociality and disease transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie I. Tosa
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, West Glacier, MT, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Biel
- Glacier National Park, National Park Service, West Glacier, MT, United States of America
| | - Tabitha A. Graves
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, West Glacier, MT, United States of America
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Gasperetti A, Assis F, Tripathi H, Suzuki M, Gonuguntla A, Shah R, Sampognaro J, Schiavone M, Karmarkar P, Tandri H. Determinants of acute irreversible electroporation lesion characteristics after pulsed field ablation: the role of voltage, contact, and adipose interference. Europace 2023; 25:euad257. [PMID: 37649337 PMCID: PMC10485186 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal ablative approach in which cardiomyocyte death is obtained through irreversible electroporation (IRE). Data correlating the biophysical characteristics of IRE and lesion characteristics are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different procedural parameters [voltage, number of cycles (NoCs), and contact] on lesion characteristics in a vegetal and animal model for IRE. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred and four Russet potatoes were used. Pulsed field ablation lesions were delivered on 3 cm cored potato specimens using a multi-electrode circular catheter with its dedicated IRE generator. Different voltage (from 300 to 1200 V) and NoC (from 1 to 5×) protocols were used. The impact of 0.5 and 1 mm catheter-to-specimen distances was tested. A swine animal model was then used to validate the results observed in the vegetable model. The association between voltage, the NoCs, distance, and lesion depth was assessed through linear regression. An almost perfect linear association between lesion depth and voltage was observed (R2 = 0.95; P < 0.001). A similarly linear relationship was observed between the NoCs and the lesion depth (R2 = 0.73; P < 0.001). Compared with controls at full contact, a significant dampening on lesion depth was observed at 0.5 mm distance (1000 V 2×: 2.11 ± 0.12 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.001; 2.63 ± 0.10 vs. 0.43 ± 0.08, P < 0.001). No lesions were observed at 1.0 mm distance. CONCLUSION In a vegetal and animal model for IRE assessment, PFA lesion characteristics were found to be strongly dependent on voltage settings and the NoCs, with a quasi-linear relationship. The lack of catheter contact was associated with a dampening in lesion depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gasperetti
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Fabrizio Assis
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hemantkumar Tripathi
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Masahito Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akhilesh Gonuguntla
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rushil Shah
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James Sampognaro
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Parag Karmarkar
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St. Blalock 545, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Lambert MÈ, Arsenault J, Côté JC, D'Allaire S. Contacts posing risks of disease introduction in swine breeding herds in Quebec, Canada: Is the frequency of contacts associated with biosecurity measures? Prev Vet Med 2023; 217:105966. [PMID: 37423151 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of pathogens into swine breeding herds can occur through a variety of contacts involving people, animals, vehicle or various supplies. Appropriate biosecurity is critical to mitigate these risks. A retrospective study was conducted to describe contacts with swine breeding sites over a one-month period and to evaluate their association with biosecurity measures and site characteristics. As part of a larger project, sites which had a recent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus introduction were selected. A questionnaire, logbooks and pig traceability system were used for collecting data relative to persons or supplies entering the breeding unit, live pig transportation, service vehicles, other animal species, neighboring pig sites and manure spreading around the site. The 84 sites investigated had a median sow inventory of 675. A median of 4 farm staff and 2 visitors entered the breeding unit at least once over the one-month period. A total of 73 sites (87%) received visitor(s), mostly from maintenance and technical services. All sites received at least 3 supply deliveries (median of 8) including semen (99% of sites), small material and/or drugs (98% of sites), bags (87% of sites), and/or equipment (61% of sites). Live pig movements were observed in all sites, with a median number of 5 truck entries on the site or exits from the site. For feed mill, rendering and propane trucks, at least one entry was noted in ≥ 61% of sites. For all service vehicle categories except feed mill and manure vacuum trucks, a single service provider was involved in each site. Dogs and cats were banned from all sites, but wild birds were observed in 8% of sites. Manure spreading within a 100 m radius of pig units was noted in 10% of the sites. With a few exceptions, biosecurity measures were not associated with the frequency of contacts. A 100-sow increase in sow inventory was associated with an increase of 0.34 in the cumulated number of staff entering the breeding unit, of 0.30 in the number of visitors and of 0.19 in the number of live pig movements. Live pig movements were also positively associated with vertically integrated farrow-to-wean (vs. independent farrow-to-wean) production and time interval of 4 weeks or more between farrowing (vs. less than 4). Considering the variety and frequency of contacts observed, biosecurity should be meticulously applied in all breeding herds to prevent endemic and exotic disease introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-È Lambert
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J Arsenault
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - J-C Côté
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - S D'Allaire
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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华 嘉, 吉 利, 代 清, 梁 振, 郭 龙, 陈 太. [Study on quantitative analysis of bracket-induced nonlinear response of labio-cheek soft tissue during the orthodontic process]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2023; 40:295-302. [PMID: 37139761 PMCID: PMC10162933 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202210016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the orthodontics process, intervention and sliding of an orthodontic bracket during the orthodontic process can arise large response of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Soft tissue damage and ulcers frequently happen at the early stage of orthodontic treatment. In the field of orthodontic medicine, qualitative analysis is always carried out through statistics of clinical cases, while quantitative explanation of bio-mechanical mechanism is lacking. For this purpose, finite element analysis of a three-dimensional labio-cheek-bracket-tooth model is conducted to quantify the bracket-induced mechanical response of the labio-cheek soft tissue, which involves complex coupling of contact nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity. Firstly, based on the biological composition characteristics of labio-cheek, a second-order Ogden model is optimally selected to describe the adipose-like material of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Secondly, according to the characteristics of oral activity, a two-stage simulation model of bracket intervention and orthogonal sliding is established, and the key contact parameters are optimally set. Finally, the two-level analysis method of overall model and submodel is used to achieve efficient solution of high-precision strains in submodels based on the displacement boundary obtained from the overall model calculation. Calculation results with four typical tooth morphologies during orthodontic treatment show that: ① the maximum strain of soft tissue is distributed along the sharp edges of the bracket, consistent with the clinically observed profile of soft tissue deformation; ② the maximum strain of soft tissue is reduced as the teeth align, consistent with the clinical manifestation of common damage and ulcers at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and reduced patient discomfort at the end of treatment. The method in this paper can provide reference for relevant quantitative analysis studies in the field of orthodontic medical treatment at home and abroad, and further benefit to the product development analysis of new orthodontic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- 嘉皓 华
- 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院(广州 510640)School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - 利 吉
- 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院(广州 510640)School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- 中山大学附属第一医院(广州 510080)The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - 清源 代
- 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院(广州 510640)School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - 振宇 梁
- 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院(广州 510640)School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - 龙妹 郭
- 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院(广州 510640)School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- 中山大学附属第一医院(广州 510080)The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - 太聪 陈
- 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院(广州 510640)School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- 中山大学附属第一医院(广州 510080)The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
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Suwannarong K, Soonthornworasiri N, Maneekan P, Balthip K, Yimsamran S, Maneewatchararangsri S, Ponlap T, Saengkul C, Lantican C, Thammasutti K, Singhasivanon P. Love or conflict: A qualitative study of the human-long tailed macaque interface in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. Acta Trop 2023; 240:106861. [PMID: 36781095 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted during human-wildlife interactions. Few qualitative studies have been conducted on human-nonhuman primate interfaces in Thailand, notably direct and indirect contact. Since Long-tailed macaques (LTMs) are prevalent in Thailand's Banphot Phisai district, part of Nakhon Sawan province, this qualitative study was conducted in 2019 to determine in-depth contact characteristics between humans and LTMs in the communities. Key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 35 villagers who reported close contact with LTMs in this study location. The results showed that villagers had different levels of contact with LTMs, depending on their occupations, perceptions, beliefs, religions, previous experiences, and local regulations. Monks in temples and vendors selling food for LTMs were reported to have the closest contact with them. LTMs have been reported to destroy personal property, houses, buildings, and crops. However, the villagers do not hurt them due to their religious beliefs relating to a respected abbot (a man who headed an abbey of monks). Even community members have had extensive interaction with LTMs, but they lacked awareness and information regarding diseases transmitted to humans directly or indirectly by non-human primates. Therefore, individuals who have frequent and close contact with LTMs should be provided health education, and appropriate behavioral change communication interventions should be performed. Furthermore, the results could be used to develop future disease prevention strategies and public awareness campaigns in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Suwannarong
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; SUPA71 Co., Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pannamas Maneekan
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Surapon Yimsamran
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Santi Maneewatchararangsri
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chutarat Saengkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Nakhon Sawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pratap Singhasivanon
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Alliliche W, Renaud C, Cros JM, Feng ZQ. Numerical simulation of mechanical tests on a living skin using anisotropic hyperelastic law. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105755. [PMID: 36898353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a living tissue that behaves in a hyperelastic and anisotropic way. A constitutive law called HGO-Yeoh is proposed to model the skin by improving the classical HGO constitutive law. This model is implemented in a finite element code FER "Finite Element Research" to benefit from its tools, including the bipotential contact method, a very efficient function coupling contact and friction. Identifying the skin-related material parameters is done through an optimisation procedure using analytic and experimental data. A tensile test is simulated using the codes FER and ANSYS. Then, the results are compared with the experimental data. Finally, a simulation of an indentation test using a bipotential contact law is done.
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12
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Gómez-Granados A, Kurtzer I, Gordon S, Barany DA, Singh T. Object motion influences feedforward motor responses during mechanical stopping of virtual projectiles: a preliminary study. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1077-1087. [PMID: 36869269 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
An important window into sensorimotor function is how humans interact and stop moving projectiles, such as stopping a door from closing shut or catching a ball. Previous studies have suggested that humans time the initiation and modulate the amplitude of their muscle activity based on the momentum of the approaching object. However, real-world experiments are constrained by laws of mechanics, which cannot be manipulated experimentally to probe the mechanisms of sensorimotor control and learning. An augmented-reality variant of such tasks allows for experimental manipulation of the relationship between motion and force to obtain novel insights into how the nervous system prepares motor responses to interact with moving stimuli. Existing paradigms for studying interactions with moving projectiles use massless objects and are primarily focused on quantifying gaze and hand kinematics. Here, we developed a novel collision paradigm using a robotic manipulandum where participants mechanically stopped a virtual object moving in the horizontal plane. On each block of trials, we varied the virtual object's momentum by increasing either its velocity or mass. Participants stopped the object by applying a force impulse that matched the object momentum. We observed that hand force increased as a function of object momentum linked to changes in virtual mass or velocity, similar to results from studies involving catching free-falling objects. In addition, increasing object velocity resulted in later onset of hand force relative to the impending time-to-contact. These findings show that the present paradigm can be used to determine how humans process projectile motion for hand motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gómez-Granados
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Isaac Kurtzer
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Sean Gordon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Deborah A Barany
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 32 Recreation Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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13
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Wang L, Zou H, Liu J. Mediating effects of ageism and knowledge on the relationship between contact with older adults and attitudes toward older adults' sexuality among nursing students. Nurse Educ Today 2023; 122:105740. [PMID: 36724590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals often ignore sexuality in aging and avoid discussing related topics, especially in China. Nursing students, as future professionals, can address the sexuality of older adults encountered in clinical practice by establishing positive attitudes toward aging sexuality. Previous studies have demonstrated that contact has positive impacts on nursing students' attitudes toward aging sexuality. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this relationship between contact and attitudes. OBJECTIVES To explore the mediating effects of ageism and knowledge on the relationship between contact and nursing students' attitudes toward aging sexuality. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTINGS The study was conducted at a nursing school in Hefei city, China. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 614 nursing students completed online-administered questionnaires measuring the level of contact with older adults, ageism, knowledge, and attitudes toward aging sexuality. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS The mean scores for knowledge and attitudes toward aging sexuality were 85.70 (SD = 16.39) and 104.91 (SD = 14.88), respectively. Overall, our findings confirmed that these hypotheses were accepted. Ageism (β = -0.079, P = 0.007) and knowledge (β = -0.070, P < 0.001) mediated the relationship between contact and attitude. CONCLUSION Given the mediating role of ageism and knowledge in the relationship between contact and attitude, reducing ageism and enhancing knowledge are vital to changing students' attitudes, including integrating ageism and aging sexuality knowledge learning into the nursing curriculum and creating opportunities for contact with older adults. The frequency and quality of contact between nursing students and older adults can be improved by rationalizing the internship duration, tasks, and assessment objectives of placements on geriatric wards and by the role of clinical faculty role models in cultivating positive attitudes toward aging sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Haiou Zou
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Beijing An Ding Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
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14
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Thijs J, Verkuyten M. Being considered a co-national: Social categorization and perceived acculturation of immigrant peers. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 225:105520. [PMID: 35964447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
With increasing immigration, it is increasingly important to understand whether and when children consider immigrant peers as co-nationals. Using an experimental design, we examined among native-born preadolescents (8-13 years of age) in the Netherlands whether and when they perceive immigrant peers as co-nationals. First, and in agreement with the social categorization account, we expected that the use of dual identity (vs single ethnic identity) labels for immigrant peers leads to stronger co-nationality perceptions and a related stronger desire for close social contact. Second, and in line with the acculturation account, we expected that an early age of arrival in the country (vs a later age of arrival) leads to stronger perceived co-nationality and related contact desire. The findings support the acculturation account, especially among native-born children with higher national identification. There was no evidence for the social categorization account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Thijs
- European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations (ERCOMER), Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maykel Verkuyten
- European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations (ERCOMER), Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Jones S, Nunome H, Augustus S, Peacock JCA, Ball K, Bezodis NE. Understanding the effects of ball orientation in Rugby Union place kicking: the preferences of international kickers and the kinematics of the foot-ball impact. Sports Biomech 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36579928 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rugby Union place kicking is influential to match outcome. Previous research has analysed kicker motion prior to ball contact in detail, but ball orientation and the impact phase are typically ignored. This study aims to firstly identify the ball orientations used by international place kickers, and secondly to experimentally analyse the foot-ball interaction in trained kickers using different ball orientations. Overall, 25.5% of the international kickers used an upright ball orientation, 27.5% used a diagonal orientation and 47.1% used a horizontal orientation. However, ball orientation preference was not significant in predicting kick outcome in a binomial logistic regression model. To address the second aim, ball orientation was experimentally manipulated and lower limb and ball kinematics were captured using high-speed (4000 Hz) video. Whilst the impact location on the ball differed significantly between most ball orientation conditions, the impact location relative to the global vertical was largely consistent across all conditions. This was likely due to kickers adopting very consistent lower limb kinematics, although the shank and ankle angles at impact were affected by ball orientation conditions for some kickers. Impact durations also differed between some conditions, although this did not appear to affect the impact efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Jones
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Nunome
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Simon Augustus
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - James C A Peacock
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Kevin Ball
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Neil E Bezodis
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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16
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Cho Y, Schleder GR, Larson DT, Brutschea E, Byun KE, Park H, Kim P, Kaxiras E. Modulation Doping of Single-Layer Semiconductors for Improved Contact at Metal Interfaces. Nano Lett 2022; 22:9700-9706. [PMID: 36441915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single layers of two-dimensional (2D) materials hold the promise for further miniaturization of semiconductor electronic devices. However, the metal-semiconductor contact resistance limits device performance. To mitigate this problem, we propose modulation doping, specifically a doping layer placed on the opposite side of a metal-semiconductor interface. Using first-principles calculations to obtain the band alignment, we show that the Schottky barrier height and, consequently, the contact resistance at the metal-semiconductor interface can be reduced by modulation doping. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for a single-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) channel and 2D MXene modulation doping layers, interfaced with several different metal contacts. Our results indicate that the Fermi level of the metal can be shifted across the entire band gap. This approach can be straight-forwardly generalized for other 2D semiconductors and a wide variety of doping layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonchoo Cho
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gabriel R Schleder
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel T Larson
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Elise Brutschea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kyung-Eun Byun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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17
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Singh H. Planar Equilibria of an Elastic Rod Wrapped Around a Circular Capstan. J Elast 2022; 151:321-346. [PMID: 36274652 PMCID: PMC9581844 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-022-09939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We present a study on planar equilibria of a terminally loaded elastic rod wrapped around a rigid circular capstan. Both frictionless and frictional contact between the rod and the capstan are considered. We identify three cases of frictionless contact - namely where the rod touches the capstan at one point, along a continuous arc, and at two points. We show that, in contrast to a fully flexible filament, an elastic rod of finite length wrapped around a capstan does not require friction to support unequal loads at its two ends. Furthermore, we classify rod equilibria corresponding to the three aforementioned cases in a limit where the length of the rod is much larger than the radius of the capstan. In the same limit, we incorporate frictional interaction between the rod and the capstan, and compute limiting equilibria of the rod. Our solution to the frictional case fully generalizes the classic capstan problem to include the effects of finite thickness and bending elasticity of a flexible filament wrapped around a circular capstan. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10659-022-09939-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Singh
- Laboratory for Computation and Visualization in Mathematics and Mechanics, Institute of Mathematics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Jacob Y, Anderton RS, Cochrane Wilkie JL, Rogalski B, Laws SM, Jones A, Spiteri T, Hince D, Hart NH. Genetic Variants within NOGGIN, COL1A1, COL5A1, and IGF2 are Associated with Musculoskeletal Injuries in Elite Male Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study. Sports Med Open 2022; 8:126. [PMID: 36219268 PMCID: PMC9554075 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Australian Football is a dynamic team sport that requires many athletic traits to succeed. Due to this combination of traits, as well as technical skill and physicality, there are many types of injuries that could occur. Injuries are not only a hindrance to the individual player, but to the team as a whole. Many strength and conditioning personnel strive to minimise injuries to players to accomplish team success. PURPOSE To investigate whether selected polymorphisms have an association with injury occurrence in elite male Australian Football players. METHODS Using DNA obtained from 46 elite male players, we investigated the associations of injury-related polymorphisms across multiple genes (ACTN3, CCL2, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, EMILIN1, IGF2, NOGGIN, SMAD6) with injury incidence, severity, type (contact and non-contact), and tissue (muscle, bone, tendon, ligament) over 7 years in one Australian Football League team. RESULTS A significant association was observed between the rs1372857 variant in NOGGIN (p = 0.023) and the number of total muscle injuries, with carriers of the GG genotype having a higher estimated number of injuries, and moderate, or combined moderate and high severity rated total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 rs12722TT genotype also had a significant association (p = 0.028) with the number of total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 variant also had a significant association with contact bone injuries (p = 0.030), with a significant association being found with moderate rated injuries. The IGF2 rs3213221-CC variant was significantly associated with a higher estimated number of contact tendon injuries per game (p = 0.028), while a higher estimated number of total ligament (p = 0.019) and non-contact ligament (p = 0.002) injuries per game were significantly associated with carriage of the COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study is the first to examine associations between genetic variants and injury in Australian Football. NOGGIN rs1372857-GG, COL5A1 rs12722-TT, IGF2 rs3213221-CC, and COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotypes held various associations with muscle-, bone-, tendon- and ligament-related injuries of differing severities. To further increase our understanding of these, and other, genetic variant associations with injury, competition-wide AFL studies that use more players and a larger array of gene candidates is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ysabel Jacob
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494School of Health Science, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jodie L. Cochrane Wilkie
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, WA Perth, Australia
| | | | - Simon M. Laws
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Anthony Jones
- West Coast Eagles Football Club, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Tania Spiteri
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Dana Hince
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Hart
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, WA Perth, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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19
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Moes D, Banijamali E, Sheikhhassani V, Scalvini B, Woodard J, Mashaghi A. ProteinCT: An implementation of the protein circuit topology framework. MethodsX 2022; 9:101861. [PMID: 36187158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to describe the topology of a folded protein conformation is critically important for functional analysis, protein engineering, and drug design. Circuit topology is a unique topological framework which is widely applicable to protein analysis, yet a state-of-the art implementation of this concept is lacking. Here, we present an open-source Python-implemented circuit topology tool called ProteinCT. The platform provides a method for acquiring, visualizing, analyzing, and quantifying circuit topology data from proteins of interest. We mapped the universe of human proteins to a circuit topology space using conventional hardware within a few hours, demonstrating the performance of ProteinCT. In brief,•A Python-implemented circuit topology tool is developed to extract global and local topological information from a protein structure file.•Modules are developed to combine topological information with geometric and energetic information.•It is demonstrated that the method can be efficiently applied to a large set of proteins, opening a wide range of possibilities for structural proteomics research.
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Malekpour M, Etebari A, Hezarosi M, Anissian A, Karimi F. Mouse Model of Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Iran J Pharm Res 2022; 21:e130881. [PMID: 36710994 PMCID: PMC9872550 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Irritant contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, eczematous dermatitis, and chronic itching. This disease severely affects the quality of life. Considering that the current treatment approaches are not ideal, more extensive research is needed to develop new treatments. Mainly, a mouse model is needed to investigate the effectiveness of new drugs to treat this disease. Objectives This study was conducted to create a mouse model of irritant contact dermatitis. Methods In the current study, we used BALB/c female mice to prepare a mouse model of irritant contact dermatitis. To induce irritant contact dermatitis, we used a dinitrochlorobenzene mixture with acetone/olive oil as an irritant. After 10 days of application, the mouse skin tissue was isolated and examined in terms of histopathology. Results The introduced protocol created an irritant contact dermatitis model clinically and histopathologically. Conclusions In the present study, we introduced a new protocol using a mixture of dinitrochlorobenzene and acetone/olive oil to create an irritant contact dermatitis model. Mouse models have been extensively used to discover the complex mechanisms of irritant contact dermatitis and provide a preclinical platform before conducting clinical interventional research on humans to evaluate a new therapeutic approach. However, one should always look for models that cause the least pain and suffering in the animal and simultaneously are simple and reliable for the desired studies. Thus, our protocol is a new approach that can be effective and painless in creating a model of irritant contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Etebari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hezarosi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Anissian
- Department of Veterinary, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
| | - Forouzan Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Sobral L, Arriaga MB, Souza AB, Araújo-Pereira M, Barreto-Duarte B, Sales C, Rocha MS, Benjamin A, Moreira AS, de Oliveira JG, Carvalho AC, Spener-Gomes R, Figueiredo MC, Cavalcante S, Durovni B, Lapa-e-Silva JR, Kritski AL, Rolla VC, Sterling TR, Cordeiro-Santos M, Andrade BB. Determinants of losses in the tuberculosis infection cascade of care among children and adolescent contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis cases: A Brazilian multi-centre longitudinal study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2022; 15:100358. [PMID: 36438860 PMCID: PMC9696515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Approximately 10% of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden is in children. Identification, diagnosis, and early treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TBI) is critical to prevent progression to TB in children. The risk of TB, including severe disease, is highest in children <5 years old. We evaluated the cascade of TBI care among child and adolescent TB contacts to identify factors associated with losses in the cascade. Methods Close contacts ≤ 18 years old of pulmonary TB patients enrolled between 2015 and 2019 in a multi-centre Brazilian cohort were followed for up to 24 months and classified according to age groups: <5 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-18 years. Data on clinical investigation, radiographic examination, IGRA testing at baseline and 6 months, initiation and completion of TB preventive treatment (TPT) were collected. Multivariable regression analyses identified factors associated with TBI and losses in the cascade of care in children and adolescents. Findings Among 1795 TB contacts initially identified, 530 (29·5%) were ≤18 years old. Losses for all steps in the cascade were especially high in children <5 years old (88%) because at this age all contacts are recommended to initiate TPT. As a proportion of all children, completion of TPT was low (between 10% and 13%) in all age-groups. Furthermore, multivariable regression revealed that younger age of contacts and TB index cases who were female, had pulmonary cavities, and persistent cough were independently associated with losses in the cascade of care among persons ≤18 years old. Interpretation Losses in the TBI cascade were the highest among children <5 years, which was the group at highest risk for TB among the four age groups. The findings highlight the need to improve screening, initiation, and completion of TPT of young children who are close contacts of people with TB in Brazil. Funding National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Sobral
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
| | - María B. Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexandra B. Souza
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio Sales
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Michael S. Rocha
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro para Investigação da Tuberculose, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aline Benjamin
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana S.R. Moreira
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Cristina Carvalho
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos (LITEB), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Spener-Gomes
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marina C. Figueiredo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Solange Cavalcante
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Betina Durovni
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José R. Lapa-e-Silva
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio L. Kritski
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria C. Rolla
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author at: Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil.
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22
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Bhavnani D, James ER, Johnson KE, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Chang P, Rathouz PJ, Weldon M, Matouschek A, Young AE. SARS-CoV-2 viral load is associated with risk of transmission to household and community contacts. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:672. [PMID: 35931971 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Factors that lead to successful SARS-CoV-2 transmission are still not well described. We investigated the association between a case’s viral load and the risk of transmission to contacts in the context of other exposure-related factors. Methods Data were generated through routine testing and contact tracing at a large university. Case viral loads were obtained from cycle threshold values associated with a positive polymerase chain reaction test result from October 1, 2020 to April 15, 2021. Cases were included if they had at least one contact who tested 3–14 days after the exposure. Case-contact pairs were formed by linking index cases with contacts. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences in proportions of contacts testing positive. Generalized estimating equation models with a log link were used to evaluate whether viral load and other exposure-related factors were associated with a contact testing positive. Results Median viral load among the 212 cases included in the study was 5.6 (1.8–10.4) log10 RNA copies per mL of saliva. Among 365 contacts, 70 (19%) tested positive following their exposure; 36 (51%) were exposed to a case that was asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic on the day of exposure. The proportion of contacts that tested positive increased monotonically with index case viral load (12%, 23% and 25% corresponding to < 5, 5–8 and > 8 log10 copies per mL, respectively; X2 = 7.18, df = 2, p = 0.03). Adjusting for cough, time between test and exposure, and physical contact, the risk of transmission to a close contact was significantly associated with viral load (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.22–1.32). Conclusions Further research is needed to understand whether these relationships persist for newer variants. For those variants whose transmission advantage is mediated through a high viral load, public health measures could be scaled accordingly. Index cases with higher viral loads could be prioritized for contact tracing and recommendations to quarantine contacts could be made according to the likelihood of transmission based on risk factors such as viral load.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07663-1.
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Ji S, Xiao S, Wang H, Lei H. Increasing contributions of airborne route in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant transmission compared with the ancestral strain. Build Environ 2022; 221:109328. [PMID: 35784591 PMCID: PMC9233747 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has become the dominant lineage worldwide. Experimental studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is more stable on various environmental surfaces than the ancestral strains of SARS-CoV-2. However, the influences on the role of the contact route in SARS-CoV-2 transmission are still unknown. In this study, we built a Markov chain model to simulate the transmission of the Omicron and ancestral strains of SARS-CoV-2 within a household over a 1-day period from multiple pathways; that is, airborne, droplet, and contact routes. We assumed that there were two adults and one child in the household, and that one of the adults was infected with SARS-CoV-2. We assumed two scenarios. (1) Asymptomatic/presymptomatic infection, and (2) symptomatic infection. During asymptomatic/presymptomatic infection, the contact route contributing the most (37%-45%), followed by the airborne (34%-38%) and droplet routes (21%-28%). During symptomatic infection, the droplet route was the dominant pathway (48%-71%), followed by the contact route (25%-42%), with the airborne route playing a negligible role (<10%). Compared to the ancestral strain, although the contribution of the contact route increased in Omicron variant transmission, the increase was slight, from 25%-41% to 30%-45%. With the growing concern about the increase in the proportion of asymptomatic/presymptomatic infection in Omicron strain transmissions, the airborne route, rather than the fomite route, should be of focus. Our findings suggest the importance of ventilation in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant prevention in building environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Ji
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Huaibin Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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24
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Khaledian N, Villard PF, Berger MO. Capturing contact in mitral valve dynamic closure with fluid-structure interaction simulation. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022. [PMID: 35639203 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-022-02674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Realistic fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation of the mitral valve opens the way toward planning for surgical repair. In the literature, blood leakage is identified by measuring the flow rate, but detailed information about closure efficiency is missing. We present in this paper an FSI model that improves the detection of blood leakage by building a map of contact. METHODS Our model is based on the immersed boundary method that captures a map of contact and perfect closure of the mitral valve, without the presence of orifice holes, which often appear with existing methods. We also identified important factors influencing convergence issues. RESULTS The method is demonstrated in three typical clinical situations: mitral valve with leakage, bulging, and healthy. In addition to the classical ways of evaluating MV closure, such as stress distribution and flow rate, the contact map provides easy detection of leakage with identification of the sources of leakage and a quality assessment of the closure. CONCLUSIONS Our method significantly improves the quality of the simulation and allows the identification of regurgitation as well as a spatial evaluation of the quality of valve closure. Comparably fast simulation, ability to simulate large deformation, and capturing detailed contact are the main aspects of the study.
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Kevins A, Lightman N. How should the government treat asylum seekers? The role of labour market vulnerability and migration in Europe. Soc Sci Res 2022; 104:102666. [PMID: 35400382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Is labour market vulnerability associated with harsher preferences on asylum-seeking policy? If so, how might the size of the existing foreign-born population condition this effect? We unpack these dynamics across 20 European countries using 2014 ESS and EU-SILC data. In doing so, we examine the relevance of labour market vulnerability both directly and in combination with: individual-level exposure to people of a different race or ethnicity; and the perceived or actual size of the foreign-born population. Results suggest that exposure to labour market risk is associated with a preference for harsher treatment, but that this relationship is driven by respondents with little to no interactions with the existing minority population. We also find that labour market vulnerability is associated with higher (lower) preferred severity in countries with a large (small) presumed foreign-born population. The actual size of the foreign-born population, by contrast, does not appear to matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kevins
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Herbert Manzoni, Epinal Way, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Naomi Lightman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Corrigan PW, Kundert C, Laique A. The Impact of Contact and Fame on Changing the Public Stigma of Mental Illness. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:673-8. [PMID: 34269923 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many famous people have disclosed their mental illness to erase the harmful effects of stigma. This study examines the relative impact of disclosure stories from people who are or are not celebrities. We expected noncelebrities would be viewed as more similar and likeable and therefore have greater effects on stigma change. Research participants from an MTurk panel viewed self-disclosure stories from celebrity, Mariah Carey, or noncelebrity, Malia Fontecchio. Participants completed the Difference and Disdain Scale prior to reviewing the vignettes and immediately after each one. Participants also completed scales representing perceptions of fame, dissimilarity, and likeability of the person in each story. Results supported hypotheses: Mariah Carey was perceived as more famous, more dissimilar, and less likeable than Malia Fontecchio. Reading the Malia Fontecchio story led to greater improvement in disdain stigma than the Mariah Carey story. Implications for the varied role of celebrity status in stigma change are discussed.
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27
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Denman J, Hodson J, Manavi K. Infection Risk in Sexual Contacts of Syphilis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect 2022; 84:760-769. [PMID: 35447230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current guidelines recommend offering epidemiological treatment to asymptomatic contacts of early syphilis. This is on the expectation that up to 60% of sexual contacts of patients with syphilis will be infected. However, the evidence for this figure is sparse. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, to estimate the proportion of sexual contacts of syphilis that are infected with syphilis. METHODS Two electronic databases (Medline and Embase) were reviewed in March 2021, to identify studies that reported rates of infection in sexual contacts of syphilis. RESULTS Of 3,051 Embase and 1,828 Medline articles identified, 32 were included in the meta-analysis. In total 36,397 contacts were tested. The proportion of contacts infected varied across the studies, ranging from 10.7% to 97.5%, resulting in considerable heterogeneity (I2=98.5%). Pooling the studies gave an estimated proportion of infected contacts of 32.6% (95% confidence interval: 26.2% - 39.7%). CONCLUSIONS The risk of infection in sexual contacts of syphilis reported in the literature is highly variable, with a pooled estimate of 32.6%. This will help guide decisions regarding epidemiological treatment of sexual contacts of patients with syphilis. These decisions are increasingly important in this era of antibiotic resistance, with increasing emphasis being placed on antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Denman
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.
| | - James Hodson
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Department of Health Informatics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kaveh Manavi
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ran MS, Peng MM, Yau YY, Zhang TM, Li XH, Wong IYL, Ng S, Thornicroft G, Chan CLW, Lu L. Knowledge, contact and stigma of mental illness: Comparing three stakeholder groups in Hong Kong. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:365-375. [PMID: 33622065 DOI: 10.1177/0020764021997479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown what the impacts of multiple dimensions of contact (e.g. level, quantity and quality) are on the stigma of mental illness. AIMS To explore the relationship between the multiple dimensions of contact and stigma of mental illness among family members (FM), mental health workers (MHW) and community residents (CR) in Hong Kong. METHODS The stigma, contact and knowledge were measured in FM, MHW and CR in Hong Kong. Multiple regression analyses were used. RESULTS MHW (n = 141) had higher knowledge, more contact and lower stigma of mental illness than CR (n = 95) or FM (n = 62). Knowledge and contact quality were significantly associated with lower stigma of mental illness in the three groups. However, contact level and contact quantity were not significantly associated with most stigma components. The contact level was positively associated with stigma of mental illness among FM and CR. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the differences in knowledge, contact and stigma of mental illness among different stakeholder groups. This study suggests that positive contact (e.g. equal, supportive, voluntary and pleasant contact) reduces stigma of mental illness, while negative contact (e.g. unfriendly, unsupportive, unpleasant contact) may increase stigma. The Enhancing Contact Model (ECM) should be tested in future anti-stigma interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Man Peng
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Yum Yau
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hong Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene Yin Ling Wong
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Siuman Ng
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
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29
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Dhanani LY, Franz B, Hall TK. Revisiting the relationship between contact and physician attitudes toward patients with opioid use disorder. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 14:100372. [PMID: 34938833 PMCID: PMC8664778 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior research suggests that some physicians hold negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids and that this serves as a barrier which limits the availability and effectiveness of health care services. Interventions which improve physicians' attitudes have thus garnered attention, many of which have focused on increasing contact between physicians and patients who misuse opioids. However, drawing on recent literature on intergroup contact, the current paper argues that contact may not have uniformly positive effects on prejudice. METHODS We surveyed 408 board-certified physicians in the state of Ohio where many opioid overdose deaths have been concentrated. We used regression to test for interactions between contact and three focal variables, bias, burnout, and stress, on physician willingness to work with patients who misuse opioids. RESULTS The negative relationships between bias, physician burnout, and stress induced by working with patients who misuse opioids and physicians' willingness to work with this patient population are each exacerbated when contact with patients who misuse opioids is high. CONCLUSIONS Although intervention studies have shown promise for the role that increased contact may have in reducing stigma toward patients who misuse opioids, these interventions may not be appropriate for physicians who are experiencing strain or who hold preexisting negative attitudes toward this patient population. Future interventions may need to target bias, burnout, and stress, in addition to facilitating contact, to increase physician willingness to work with these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Y. Dhanani
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 22 Richland Avenue, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Berkeley Franz
- Department of Social Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Grosvenor 311, Athens, OH 45701, United States
| | - Taylor K. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 22 Richland Avenue, Athens, OH 45701, United States
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30
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Fang Q, Zhang TM, Wong YLI, Yau YY, Li XH, Li J, Chui CHK, Tse S, Chan CLW, Chen EYH, Ran MS. The mediating role of knowledge on the contact and stigma of mental illness in Hong Kong. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:935-945. [PMID: 33231134 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020975792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although knowledge is a crucial component in contact theory delineating how prejudice changes toward out-groups with stigmatized conditions, little is known about the mediating role of knowledge on contact, stigmatizing attitudes, and behaviors toward mental illness. AIM This study aimed to examine the mechanism underlie contact and stigma change by knowledge. METHODS A total of 366 participants including family members (FM), mental health providers (MHP), and community residents (CR) recruited across communities in Hong Kong and completed measures of contact level, contact quantity, contact quality, mental health related knowledge, prejudice, and discriminatory behaviors. Structural equation modeling was adopted to test the association among the key variables. RESULTS Higher level of contact was significantly correlated with better knowledge, less prejudice, and less discriminatory behaviors. Knowledge was directly and negatively correlated with prejudicial attitudes but was not significantly related to discriminatory behaviors. Furthermore, lower levels of prejudice were associated with less discriminatory behaviors. CONCLUSION Enhancement of contact may increase understanding toward people with mental illness (PMI) and diminish stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors. Although prejudicial attitudes may be reduced by broadening mental health knowledge, increasing knowledge only might not ameliorate discriminatory behaviors. Future research should test mediators on contact and stigma by using longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Ling Irene Wong
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuen Yum Yau
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xu-Hong Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheryl Hiu Kwan Chui
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samson Tse
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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31
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Lei H, Jiang H, Zhang N, Duan X, Chen T, Yang L, Wang D, Shu Y. Increased urbanization reduced the effectiveness of school closures on seasonal influenza epidemics in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:127. [PMID: 34674754 PMCID: PMC8532386 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School closure is a common mitigation strategy during severe influenza epidemics and pandemics. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of school closure on seasonal influenza epidemics in provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) with varying urbanization rates in China. METHODS This study analyzed influenza surveillance data between 2010 and 2019 provided by the Chinese National Influenza Center. Taking into consideration the climate, this study included a region with 3 adjacent PLADs in Northern China and another region with 4 adjacent PLADs in Southern China. The effect of school closure on influenza transmission was evaluated by the reduction of the effective reproductive number of seasonal influenza during school winter breaks compared with that before school winter breaks. An age-structured Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) model was built to model influenza transmission in different levels of urbanization. Parameters were determined using the surveillance data via robust Bayesian method. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2019, in the less urbanized provinces: Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui, during school winter breaks, the effective reproductive number of seasonal influenza epidemics reduced 14.6% [95% confidential interval (CI): 6.2-22.9%], 9.6% (95% CI: 2.5-16.6%), 7.3% (95% CI: 0.1-14.4%) and 8.2% (95% CI: 1.1-15.3%) respectively. However, in the highly urbanized cities: Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, it reduced only 5.2% (95% CI: -0.7-11.2%), 4.1% (95% CI: -0.9-9.1%) and 3.9% (95% CI: -1.6-9.4%) respectively. In China, urbanization is associated with decreased proportion of children and increased social contact. According to the SIRS model, both factors could reduce the impact of school closure on seasonal influenza epidemics, and the proportion of children in the population is thought to be the dominant influencing factor. CONCLUSIONS Effectiveness of school closure on the epidemics varies with the age structure in the population and social contact patterns. School closure should be recommended in the low urbanized regions in China in the influenza seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, People's Republic of China.
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Blamires SJ, Nobbs M, Wolff JO, Heu C. Nutritionally induced nanoscale variations in spider silk structural and mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104873. [PMID: 34653899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spider major ampullate (MA) silk is characterized by high strength and toughness and is adaptable across environments. Experiments depriving spiders of protein have enabled researchers to examine nutritionally induced changes in gene expression, protein structures, and bulk properties of MA silk. However, it has not been elucidated if it varies in a similar way at a nanoscale. Here we used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to simultaneously examine the topographic, structural, and mechanical properties of silks spun by two species of spider, Argiope keyserlingi and Latrodectus hasselti, at a nanoscale when protein fed or deprived. We found height, a measure of localized width, to substantially vary across species and treatments. We also found that Young's modulus, which may be used as an estimate of localized stiffness, decreased with protein deprivation in both species' silk. Our results suggest that nanoscale skin-core structures of A. keyserlingi's MA silk varied significantly across treatments, whereas only slight structural and functional variability was found for L. hasselti's silk. These results largely agreed with examinations of the bulk properties of each species' silk. However, we could not directly attribute the decoupling between protein structures and bulk mechanics in L. hasselti's silk to nanoscale features. Our results advance the understanding of processes inducing skin and core structural variations in spider silks at a nanoscale, which serves to enhance the prospect of developing biomimetic engineering programs.
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Pollux PM. Age-of-actor effects in body expression recognition of children. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 220:103421. [PMID: 34564027 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of developmental trajectories for emotion recognition suggest that both face- and body expression recognition increases rapidly in early childhood and reaches adult levels of performance near the age of ten. So far, little is known about whether children's ability to recognise body expressions is influenced by the age of the person they are observing. This question is investigated here by presenting 119 children and 42 young adults with videos of children, young adults and older adults expressing emotions with their whole body. The results revealed an own-age advantage for children, reflected in adult-level accuracy for videos of children for most expressions but reduced accuracy for videos of older adults. Children's recognition of older adults' expressions was not correlated with children's estimated amount of contact with older adults. Support for potential influences of social biases on performance measures was minimal. The own-age advantage was explained in terms of children's reduced familiarity with body expressions of older adults due to aging related changes in the kinematics characteristics of movements and potentially due to stronger embodiment of other children's bodily movements.
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Achenbach L, Klein C, Luig P, Bloch H, Schneider D, Fehske K. Collision with opponents-but not foul play-dominates injury mechanism in professional men's basketball. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:94. [PMID: 34412662 PMCID: PMC8375128 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background To identify injury patterns and mechanisms in professional men’s basketball by means of video match analysis.
Methods In Germany, injuries are registered with the statutory accident insurance for professional athletes (VBG) by clubs or club physicians as part of occupational accident reporting. Moderate and severe injuries (absence of > 7 days) sustained during basketball competition in one of four seasons (2014–2017 and 2018–2019) in the first or second national men’s league in Germany were prospectively analyzed using a newly developed standardized observation form. Season 2017–2018 was excluded because of missing video material. Results Video analysis included 175 (53%) of 329 moderate and severe match injuries. Contact patterns categorized according to the different body sites yielded eight groups of typical injury patterns: one each for the head, shoulders, and ankles, two for the thighs, and three for the knees. Injuries to the head (92%), ankles (76%), shoulders (70%), knees (47%), and thighs (32%) were mainly caused by direct contact. The injury proportion of foul play was 19%. Most injuries (61%) occurred in the central zone below the basket. More injuries occurred during the second (OR 1.8, p = 0.018) and fourth quarter (OR 1.8, p = 0.022) than during the first and third quarter of the match. Conclusion The eight identified injury patterns differed substantially in their mechanisms. Moderate and severe match injuries to the head, shoulders, knees, and ankles were mainly caused by collision with opponents and teammates. Thus, stricter rule enforcement is unlikely to facilitate safer match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Achenbach
- Department of Orthopedics, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Klein
- German Statutory Accident Insurance for the Administrative Sector (Department of Sports Injury Prevention), VBG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Luig
- German Statutory Accident Insurance for the Administrative Sector (Department of Sports Injury Prevention), VBG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bloch
- German Statutory Accident Insurance for the Administrative Sector (Department of Sports Injury Prevention), VBG, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Kai Fehske
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Gu L, Xu D, Yu M. Mediating effects of stigma on the relationship between contact and willingness to care for people with mental illness among nursing students. Nurse Educ Today 2021; 103:104973. [PMID: 34049122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that contact positively impacts nursing students' willingness to care for people with mental illness. However, studies that have explored the mechanism of such a relationship between contact and willingness remain few. OBJECTIVES To examine the direct relationship between contact and nursing students' willingness to care for people with mental illness and to explore the potential mediating roles of stigma. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study design. SETTINGS The study was conducted in a nursing school in Nanjing city, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 839 nursing students were recruited in the study through convenience sampling. METHODS Nursing students' stigma, contact, and willingness to care for people with mental illness were measured online through the Stigma toward People with Mental Illness Scale (SPMI), the Level of Contact Report, and one item of "which degree indicates your willingness to provide care for people with mental illness," respectively. The structural equation model was applied to explore the potential mediating roles of stigma. RESULTS Contact with people suffering from mental illness directly affected nursing students' willingness to care for them (β = 0.076, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, stigma partly mediated the effect of students' contact on willingness to care for people with mental illness (β = 0.048, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High level of contact can improve nursing students' willingness to care and the relationship is partly mediated by stigma. Measures to improve the level of contact and reduce stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students are accordingly essential in influencing them to have more willingness to care for people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Deguo Xu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Fielding HR, Silk MJ, McKinley TJ, Delahay RJ, Wilson-Aggarwal JK, Gauvin L, Ozella L, Cattuto C, McDonald RA. Spatial and temporal variation in proximity networks of commercial dairy cattle in Great Britain. Prev Vet Med 2021; 194:105443. [PMID: 34352518 PMCID: PMC8385416 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The nature of contacts between hosts can be important in facilitating or impeding the spread of pathogens within a population. Networks constructed from contacts between hosts allow examination of how individual variation might influence the spread of infections. Studying the contact networks of livestock species managed under different conditions can additionally provide insight into their influence on these contact structures. We collected high-resolution proximity and GPS location data from nine groups of domestic cattle (mean group size = 85) in seven dairy herds employing a range of grazing and housing regimes. Networks were constructed from cattle contacts (defined by proximity) aggregated by different temporal windows (2 h, 24 h, and approximately 1 week) and by location within the farm. Networks of contacts aggregated over the whole study were highly saturated but dividing contacts by space and time revealed substantial variation in cattle interactions. Cows showed statistically significant variation in the frequency of their contacts and in the number of cows with which they were in contact. When cows were in buildings, compared to being on pasture, contact durations were longer and cows contacted more other cows. A small number of cows showed evidence of consistent relationships but the majority of cattle did not. In one group where management allowed free access to all farm areas, cows showed asynchronous space use and, while at pasture, contacted fewer other cows and showed substantially greater between-individual variation in contacts than other groups. We highlight the degree to which variations in management (e.g. grazing access, milking routine) substantially alter cattle contact patterns, with potentially major implications for infection transmission and social interactions. In particular, where individual cows have free choice of their environment, the resulting contact networks may have a less-risky structure that could reduce the likelihood of direct transmission of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Fielding
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Matthew J Silk
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | | | - Richard J Delahay
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Jared K Wilson-Aggarwal
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | | | - Laura Ozella
- ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Ciro Cattuto
- ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Torino, Italy; Computer Science Department, University of Turin, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy
| | - Robbie A McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK.
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Yegoraw AA, Assen AM, Gerber PF, Walkden-Brown SW. Transmission of infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine and field strains: the role of degree of contact and transmission by whole blood, plasma and poultry dust. Vet Res 2021; 52:91. [PMID: 34158102 PMCID: PMC8220770 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of transmission of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is critical to proper control as both vaccine and wild-type strains circulate within chicken flocks with potential adverse consequences. The relative efficiency of transmission by direct contact between chickens and airborne transmission has not been investigated. Furthermore, relatively high levels of ILTV DNA have been detected in poultry dust and blood but the infectivity of these is unknown. In this study, comparison of in-contact and airborne transmission of two vaccine and one field strain of ILTV revealed that all transmitted to 100% of in-contact birds by 6 days post-exposure (dpe). Airborne transmission without contact resulted in 100% transmission by 14 and 17 dpe for the wild-type and Serva vaccine virus but only 27% transmission by 21 dpe for the A20 vaccine virus. The infectivity of dust or extracts of dust and blood or plasma from infected chickens at various stages of infection was assessed by inoculation into susceptible chickens. There was no transmission by any of these materials. In conclusion, direct contact facilitated efficient ILTV transmission but the virus was unable to be transmitted by dust from infected chickens suggestive of a limited role in the epidemiology of ILTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu A Yegoraw
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Awol M Assen
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Noel G, Lotfi MN, Mirshahvalad S, Mahdi S, Tavel D, Zahraei SM, Ghanaie RM, Heidary T, Goudarzi A, Kazemi A, Karimi A, Nateghian A, Ait-Ahmed M, Guiso N, Shahcheraghi F, Taieb F. Hospital-based prospective study of pertussis in infants and close contacts in Tehran, Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:586. [PMID: 34144678 PMCID: PMC8212501 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pertussis remain a global health concern, especially in infants too young to initiate their vaccination. Effective vaccination and high coverage limit the circulation of the pathogen, yet duration of protection is limited and boosters are recommended during a lifetime. In Iran, boosters are given at 18 months and 6 years old using whole pertussis vaccines for which efficacy is not known, and pertussis surveillance is scant with only sporadic biological diagnosis. Burden of pertussis is not well understood and local data are needed. Methods Hospital-based prospective study implementing molecular laboratory testing in infants aged ≤6 months and presenting ≥5 days of cough associated to one pertussis-like symptom in Tehran. Household and non-household contact cases of positive infants were evaluated by comprehensive pertussis diagnosis (molecular testing and serology) regardless of clinical signs. Clinical evaluation and source of infection were described. Results A total of 247 infants and 130 contact cases were enrolled. Pertussis diagnosis result was obtained for 199 infants and 104 contact cases. Infant population was mostly < 3 months old (79.9%; 157/199) and unvaccinated (62.3%; 124/199), 20.1% (40/199) of them were confirmed having B. pertussis infection. Greater cough duration and lymphocyte counts were the only symptoms associated to positivity. Half of the contact cases (51.0%; 53/104) had a B. pertussis infection, median age was 31 years old. A proportion of 28.3% (15/53) positive contacts did not report any symptom. However, 67.9% (36/53) and 3.8% (2/53) of them reported cough at inclusion or during the study, including 20.8% (11/53) who started coughing ≥7 days before infant cough onset. Overall, only five samples were successfully cultured. Conclusion These data evidenced the significant prevalence of pertussis infection among paucy or poorly symptomatic contacts of infants with pertussis infection. Widespread usage of molecular testing should be implemented to identify B. pertussis infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06266-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Noel
- Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Masoumeh Nakhost Lotfi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sajedeh Mirshahvalad
- Department of Bacteriology, Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sedaghatpour Mahdi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - David Tavel
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Seyed M Zahraei
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Roxana Mansour Ghanaie
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Children's Health, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Tahereh Heidary
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar children hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aliahmad Goudarzi
- Pediatric cardiology department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azardokht Kazemi
- Emergency Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Children's Health, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Nateghian
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar children hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohand Ait-Ahmed
- Centre for Translational Science, Clinical Coordination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Guiso
- Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fabien Taieb
- Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of International Affairs, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Akhbari B, Morton AM, Shah KN, Molino J, Moore DC, Weiss APC, Wolfe SW, Crisco JJ. In vivo articular contact pattern of a total wrist arthroplasty design. J Biomech 2021; 121:110420. [PMID: 33895657 PMCID: PMC8130596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) designs suffer from relatively high complication rates when compared to other arthroplasties. Understanding the contact pattern of hip and knee replacement has improved their design and function; however, the in vivo contact pattern of TWA has not yet been examined and is thus the aim of this study. We hypothesized that the center of contact (CoC) is located at the geometric centers of the carpal component and radial component in the neutral posture and that the CoC moves along the principal arcs of curvature throughout primary anatomical motions. Wrist motion and implant kinematics of six patients with the Freedom® total wrist implant were studied during various tasks using biplanar videoradiography. The location of the CoC of the components was investigated by calculating distance fields between the articular surfaces. We found the CoC at the neutral posture was not at the geometric centers but was located 3.5 mm radially on the carpal component and 1.2 mm ulnarly on the radial component. From extension to flexion, the CoC moved 10.8 mm from dorsal to volar side on the carpal component (p < 0.0001) and 7.2 mm from volar to dorsal on the radial component (p = 0.0009). From radial to ulnar deviation, the CoC moved 12.4 mm from radial to ulnar on the carpal component (p < 0.0001), and 5.6 mm from ulnar to radial on the radial component (p = 0.009). The findings of this study may eventually improve TWA success by advancing future designs through a more accurate understating of their kinematic performance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardiya Akhbari
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Amy M Morton
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Kalpit N Shah
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Janine Molino
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Douglas C Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Arnold-Peter C Weiss
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States; Division of Hand, Upper Extremity & Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Scott W Wolfe
- Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, United States.
| | - Joseph J Crisco
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
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Clarke P, Allen E, Atuona S, Cawley P. Delivery room cuddles for extremely preterm babies and parents: concept, practice, safety, parental feedback. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:1439-1449. [PMID: 33305444 PMCID: PMC8246903 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim Following extreme preterm birth, there has traditionally been felt an imperative to rush baby to the neonatal unit for ongoing intensive care. Immediate needs of parents to bond with their babies through direct early physical contact have often been overlooked; many weeks can pass before parents get to hold their babies for the first time. Recognition of the importance of early contact is growing. We aimed to review the safety and value of routinely practising delivery room cuddles for extremely preterm babies. Methods We reviewed delivery room cuddles in babies born <27 weeks’ gestation in our centre between 2006 and 2017 via case‐control. We also conducted a questionnaire survey of mothers who experienced a delivery room cuddle to gain their feedback and perspectives. Results We found no difference in age or temperatures on neonatal unit admission. There was no case of inadvertent extubation associated with cuddles. Parental feedback was very positive. Conclusion With appropriate safeguards, delivery room cuddles are feasible and achievable for extremely preterm babies irrespective of birth gestation. Facilitation of the cuddle is an early and very important family‐centred care practice which seems much appreciated by parents and which may improve bonding, lactation, and maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Clarke
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich UK
- Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Emma Allen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich UK
| | - Sheila Atuona
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich UK
| | - Paul Cawley
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich UK
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' perceptions about the use of interpersonal touch in their clinical practice. A qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis method was used to identify common themes. Registered nurses (N = 22) participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (a) touch and massage as a resource, (b) individualized boundaries, and (c) professional role conflict. While the approach to touch varied, stories about the positive impacts that touch can have on patient care were consistently evident throughout the data. Implications for practice include incorporating areas from the themes into the development of educational programs focusing on how to integrate touch into practice as a comforting resource, while keeping individual's preferences in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico De Luca
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marian Wilson
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Michele R Shaw
- School of Nursing & Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Abstract
Changes in fathering over the last decades have led to substantially more involvement of fathers in their children's upbringing. At the same time, high rates of parental separation and subsequent loss of contact fuel concern about separated fathers' role in their children's lives. Underlying such concern is the assumption that separation represents a discontinuity in fathers' parenting. This paper investigates whether fathers' pre- and post-separation paternal involvement is linked: are fathers with lower levels of contact after separation those who were less involved fathers when co-resident? To answer this question, we draw on a nationally representative UK longitudinal study of children born in 2000-2001 to interrogate the links between fathering before and after separation for 2107 fathers, who separated from their child's mother before the child was age 11. We show that fathers who were more involved parents prior to separation tend to have more frequent contact after separation, adjusting for other paternal and family characteristics. The size of this association between pre- and post-separation fathering is, however, modest, and even among more involved fathers, intensity of contact declines over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haux
- School of Social Policy, Sociology, and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ UK
| | - Lucinda Platt
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK
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Huo M, Fuentecilla JL, Birditt KS, Fingerman KL. Empathy and Close Social Ties in Late Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:1648-1657. [PMID: 30982884 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults with stronger social ties often lead longer, healthier, and happier lives, but these ties may differ based on older adults' ability to share and understand others' emotions (i.e., empathy). This study asked how empathy was associated with the way that older adults construct and engage in their social worlds. METHOD We drew on the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study to examine how older adults' empathy was associated with the structure (e.g., network size and contact), function (e.g., support), and quality (e.g., affection and conflict) of their close social ties. Participants (N = 333) self-rated empathy and listed their social partners using three concentric convoy circles. RESULTS Empathy was not associated with older adults' social network structure, but more empathic older adults exchanged support with more social partners and reported greater affection for their social partners. We did not observe a significant link between older adults' empathy and conflict with social partners. DISCUSSION Examining empathy advances our understanding of individual differences in older adults' close social ties. This study suggests that empathy may play a promising role with regard to promoting older adults' social experiences and strengthening their close ties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Jamie L Fuentecilla
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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Fu H, Wang H, Xi X, Boonyasiri A, Wang Y, Hinsley W, Fraser KJ, McCabe R, Olivera Mesa D, Skarp J, Ledda A, Dewé T, Dighe A, Winskill P, van Elsland SL, Ainslie KEC, Baguelin M, Bhatt S, Boyd O, Brazeau NF, Cattarino L, Charles G, Coupland H, Cucunuba ZM, Cuomo-Dannenburg G, Donnelly CA, Dorigatti I, Eales OD, FitzJohn RG, Flaxman S, Gaythorpe KAM, Ghani AC, Green WD, Hamlet A, Hauck K, Haw DJ, Jeffrey B, Laydon DJ, Lees JA, Mellan T, Mishra S, Nedjati-Gilani G, Nouvellet P, Okell L, Parag KV, Ragonnet-Cronin M, Riley S, Schmit N, Thompson HA, Unwin HJT, Verity R, Vollmer MAC, Volz E, Walker PGT, Walters CE, Watson OJ, Whittaker C, Whittles LK, Imai N, Bhatia S, Ferguson NM. Database of epidemic trends and control measures during the first wave of COVID-19 in mainland China. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 102:463-471. [PMID: 33130212 PMCID: PMC7603985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this data collation study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive database describing the epidemic trends and responses during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the main provinces in China. METHODS From mid-January to March 2020, we extracted publicly available data regarding the spread and control of COVID-19 from 31 provincial health authorities and major media outlets in mainland China. Based on these data, we conducted descriptive analyses of the epidemic in the six most-affected provinces. RESULTS School closures, travel restrictions, community-level lockdown, and contact tracing were introduced concurrently around late January but subsequent epidemic trends differed among provinces. Compared with Hubei, the other five most-affected provinces reported a lower crude case fatality ratio and proportion of critical and severe hospitalised cases. From March 2020, as the local transmission of COVID-19 declined, switching the focus of measures to the testing and quarantine of inbound travellers may have helped to sustain the control of the epidemic. CONCLUSIONS Aggregated indicators of case notifications and severity distributions are essential for monitoring an epidemic. A publicly available database containing these indicators and information regarding control measures is a useful resource for further research and policy planning in response to the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fu
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Haowei Wang
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyue Xi
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adhiratha Boonyasiri
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuanrong Wang
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wes Hinsley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keith J Fraser
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth McCabe
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Olivera Mesa
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Janetta Skarp
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Ledda
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tamsin Dewé
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Dighe
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Winskill
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sabine L van Elsland
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kylie E C Ainslie
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Baguelin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samir Bhatt
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Olivia Boyd
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas F Brazeau
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Cattarino
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Charles
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Coupland
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zulma M Cucunuba
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christl A Donnelly
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Eales
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G FitzJohn
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Seth Flaxman
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katy A M Gaythorpe
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Azra C Ghani
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William D Green
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arran Hamlet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katharina Hauck
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Haw
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Jeffrey
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Laydon
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John A Lees
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Mellan
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Swapnil Mishra
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Nedjati-Gilani
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Nouvellet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Lucy Okell
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kris V Parag
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nora Schmit
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hayley A Thompson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Juliette T Unwin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Verity
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela A C Vollmer
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Volz
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick G T Walker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline E Walters
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver J Watson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lilith K Whittles
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natsuko Imai
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil M Ferguson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Weber
- European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Food Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos I Stilianakis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
- Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Oudejans SCC, Spits ME, van Weeghel J. A cross-sectional survey of stigma towards people with a mental illness in the general public. The role of employment, domestic noise disturbance and age. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1547-1554. [PMID: 34272574 PMCID: PMC8429159 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stigmatization impedes the social integration of persons recovering from mental illnesses. Little is known about characteristics of the stigmatized person that lessen or aggravate public stigma. PURPOSE This study investigates which characteristics of persons with mental illnesses (i.e. with a depression or a psychotic disorder) might increase or decrease the likelihood of public stigma. METHODS Over 2,000 adults read one of sixteen vignettes describing a person with a depressive disorder or a psychotic disorder and answered a set of items measuring social distance. RESULTS The person who was employed (vs. unemployed), or whose neighbors did not experience domestic noise disturbance (vs. disturbance) elicited significantly less social distance. Also persons with a depressive disorder elicited less social distance, vs. persons with a psychotic disorder. CONCLUSION Employment and good housing circumstances may destigmatize persons coping with mental illnesses. Mental health and social services should encourage paid employment, quality housing and other paths to community integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. C. Oudejans
- Mark Bench, Rhôneweg 16, 1043AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. Spits
- Mark Bench, Rhôneweg 16, 1043AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Dutch Addiction Association, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - J. van Weeghel
- Phrenos Center of Expertise, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Jensen AC, Nielson MK, Yorgason JB. The Longest-Lasting Relationship: Patterns of Contact and Well-Being Among Mid- to Later-Life Siblings. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:2240-2249. [PMID: 31184753 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adults in mid to later life experience shrinking social networks, which may hinder well-being. Siblings may be important sources of social contact. Yet, little is known about adults' patterns of contact with siblings and how contact is linked to well-being. METHOD Participants included 491 adults from across the United States (M age = 58.96, SD = 6.25; 68% female) recruited online via Amazon Mechanical Turk; they reported on their contact with their sibling in person, over the phone, via email, texting, and social media. RESULTS Latent class analysis found evidence for four patterns of contact (classes) among siblings: low, medium, high, and traditional. Those with high contact reported greater life satisfaction than those in the other groups. Those in the high group reported lower self-rated health when they recalled being treated less favorably, relative to their sibling, by their mother as children. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that differing patterns of sibling contact exist among older adults. In some cases, contact may promote well-being. In other cases, more contact may serve as a reminder of hurtful or painful past family experiences related to mothers' differential treatment, in which case more contact may be linked to poorer health.
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Murillo SE, Shariff A, Lass JH, Szczotka-Flynn LB. Acute corneal edema decades after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in eyes wearing scleral contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:108-14. [PMID: 33160831 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report three cases of acute corneal edema occurring decades after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus in eyes wearing scleral contact lenses (ScCLs) with previously clear corneal grafts. METHODS Retrospective chart review of three ScCL wearers presenting for sudden onset pain and blurred vision. Data extracted included clinical presentation, year and reason for PK, ocular medications and comorbidities, contact lens wearing history, results of any ancillary testing available including corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), and specular microscopy surrounding the event, treatment and outcomes of intervention. The number of PK eyes fit with ScCLs in the author's practice was determined to estimate the prevalence of this event. RESULTS The three patients each had a longstanding PK for keratoconus performed between 33-35 years prior to presentation and recurrent ectasia. Each patient presented with an acute, painful eye and reduced vision either 3 days, 4 months or 9 years after refitting into ScCLs. Each eye had well demarcated focal microcystic epithelial and stromal edema within the graft and crossing the wound margin onto the host cornea. Although a definitive break or detachment of Descemet's membrane was not visualized, the presentations suggest these were episodes of acute hydrops. CONCLUSIONS Longstanding PKs with recurrent ectasia and acute focal edema suggestive of corneal hydrops is demonstrated in this case series of ScCL wearers. Although similar events have occurred as part of the natural history of post-PK corneas for keratoconus, the proximity of ScCL refitting to two of the events suggests some association.
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Bacigalupo SA, Dixon LK, Gubbins S, Kucharski AJ, Drewe JA. Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10221. [PMID: 33173619 PMCID: PMC7594637 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are the source of many pathogens of livestock and humans. Concerns about the potential transmission of economically important and zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at the livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge of the types, frequency and duration of contacts between livestock and wildlife is necessary to identify risk factors for disease transmission and to design possible mitigation strategies. Observing the behaviour of many wildlife species is challenging due to their cryptic nature and avoidance of humans, meaning there are relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on the definition of what constitutes a 'contact' between wildlife and livestock is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to investigate which livestock-wildlife contacts have been studied and why, as well as the methods used to observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, of which 122 fulfilled specific criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of studies examined cattle contacts with badgers or with deer; studies involving wild pig contacts with cattle or with domestic pigs were the next most frequent. There was a range of observational methods including motion-activated cameras and global positioning system collars. As a result of the wide variation and lack of consensus in the definitions of direct and indirect contacts, we developed a unified framework to define livestock-wildlife contacts that is sufficiently flexible to be applied to most wildlife and livestock species for non-vector-borne diseases. We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid the development of better disease transmission models and improve the design and effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Kucharski
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Carrascosa JM, Pastor-Nieto MA, Ruiz-González I, Silvestre JF, Borrego L, Gatica-Ortega ME, Giménez-Arnau AM. Patch Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations of the AEDV's Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC). Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2020; 111:650-654. [PMID: 32622869 PMCID: PMC7331509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic gradually comes under control, the members of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) have drawn up a proposed list of the requirements, limitations, and conditioning factors affecting the resumption of work in contact dermatitis units. The assumption is that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 is still circulating and that occasional or seasonal outbreaks will occur. They recommend that the first step should be to assess how many patch tests each clinic can handle and review the waiting list to prioritize cases according to disease severity and urgency. Digital technologies can, where possible, be used to send and receive the documentation necessary for the patch test (information, instructions, informed consent, etc.). If the necessary infrastructure is available, patients can be offered the option of a remote initial consultation. Likewise, in selected cases, the patch test results can be read in a virtual visit using photographs taken by the patient or a video visit can be scheduled to allow the physician to evaluate the site of application remotely. These measures will reduce the number of face-to-face visits required, but will not affect the time spent on each case, which must be scheduled in the normal manner. All of these recommendations are suggestions and should be adapted to the needs and possibilities of each health centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carrascosa
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
| | - M A Pastor-Nieto
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
| | - I Ruiz-González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España
| | - J F Silvestre
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - L Borrego
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - M E Gatica-Ortega
- Servicio de Dermatología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, España
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