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Liu Y, You S, Ding L, Yuan F, Sun Y. Hepatotoxic effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on crucian carp: Insights from multi-omics analyses. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171447. [PMID: 38447714 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used phthalate esters (PAEs) that raise growing ecotoxicological concerns due to detrimental effects on living organisms and ecosystems. This study performed hepatotoxic investigations on crucian carp under chronic low-dosage (CLD) exposure to DEHP at environmentally relevant concentrations (20-500 μg/L). The results demonstrated that the CLD exposure induced irreversible damage to the liver tissue. Multi-omics (transcriptomics and metabolomics) analyses revealed the predominant toxicological mechanisms underlying DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting energy production pathways and the up-regulation of the purine metabolism. Disruption of metabolic pathways led to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent oxidative stress. The adverse metabolic effects were exacerbated by an interplay between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study not only provides new mechanistic insights into the ecotoxicological effects of DEHP under chronic low-dosage exposure, but also suggests a potential strategy for further ecological risk assessment of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Fangying Yuan
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Yanchun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin 150070, China.
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Ge XR, Zhao Y, Ren HR, Jiang FW, Liu S, Lou M, Huang YF, Chen MS, Wang JX, Li JL. Phthalate drives splenic inflammatory response via activating HSP60/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling axis-dependent pyroptosis. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123610. [PMID: 38382728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
As the most produced phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely environmental pollutant primarily used as a plasticizer, which cause the harmful effects on human health. However, the impact of DEHP on spleen and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Pyroptosis is a novel form of cell death induced by activating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and implicated in pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. The current study aimed to explore the impact of DEHP on immune inflammatory response in mouse spleen. In this study, the male ICR mice were treated with DEHP (200 mg/kg) for 28 days. Here, DEHP exposure caused abnormal pathohistological and ultrastructural changes, accompanied by inflammatory cells infiltration in mouse spleen. DEHP exposure arouse heat shock response that involves increase of heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) expression. DEHP also elevated the expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) proteins, as well as the activation of NF-κB pathway. Moreover, DEHP promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. Mechanistically, DEHP drives splenic inflammatory response via activating HSP60/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling axis-dependent pyroptosis. Our findings reveal that targeting HSP60-mediated TLR4/NLRP3 signaling axis may be a promising strategy for inflammatory diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hao-Ran Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fu-Wei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yi-Feng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Martínez-Ibarra A, Cerbón M, Martínez-Razo LD, Morales-Pacheco M, Torre-Villalvazo I, Kawa S, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. Impact of DEHP exposure on female reproductive health: Insights into uterine effects. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 107:104391. [PMID: 38367918 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Several endocrine disrupting compounds released from plastics, including polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenols, flame retardants, phthalates and others, are of great concern to human health due to their high toxicity. This review discusses the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most common member of the phthalate family, on female reproduction. In vitro and in vivo studies link DEHP exposure to impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian s (HPO) axis function, alteration of steroid-hormone levels and dysregulation of their receptors, and changes in uterine morphophysiology. In addition, high urinary DEPH levels have been associated with several reproductive disorders in women, including endometriosis, fibromyoma, fetal growth restriction and pregnancy loss. These data suggest that DEHP may be involved in the pathophysiology of various female reproductive diseases. Therefore, exposure to these compounds should be considered a concern in clinician surveillance practices for women at reproductive age and should be regulated to protect their health and that of their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Miguel Morales-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Simón Kawa
- Dirección General del Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Wei Z, Fang R, Wang Y, Dong J. Maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impaired the social interaction via activating microglia in male pups. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 272:116069. [PMID: 38340601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is widely used in daily articles, early exposure to DEHP is associated with many behavioral changes in pups. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of maternal exposure to DEHP on the impaired social interaction in pups. Pregnant rats were administered 0, 30, 300, or 750 mg/kg/d DEHP daily by oral gavage. Highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) cells were treated with mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor (AG490). Our results showed that DEHP exposure induced the activation of microglias (MGs) via activating the janus kinase 2 / signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway, and increased the level of pro-inflammatory factors, then impaired the social behavior in male pups, but not female pups. Moreover, MEHP exposure could also activate HAPI via activating this signaling pathway, and AG490 could inhibit the activation of this signaling pathway caused by MEHP. Therefore, we indicated that maternal exposure to DEHP could cause the gender-specific impaired social interaction in pups that might be related to the activation of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 110004 Shenyang, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11012, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Shah JA, Ullah S, Chen D, Wu J. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) contamination suppressed soil microbial biomass carbon and mitigated CO 2 emissions against the background of alfalfa from different soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 272:116073. [PMID: 38335580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastic mulching and organic amendments are prevalent agricultural practices worldwide. Plastic mulching has long been suspected as a significant source of DEHP contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. However, effects of DEHP contamination on greenhouse gas emissions and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) remain unclear. Here, a microcosm experiment was set up to assess the impact of DEHP exposure on MBC and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in two different soils (acidic and alkaline) with the inclusion of alfalfa straw. The treatment includes: (i) control with no amendment (T1); (ii) alfalfa straw addition (20 g kg-1) (T2); (iii) DEHP (10 mg kg-1) + alfalfa straw (T3); and (iv) DEHP (100 mg kg-1) + alfalfa straw (T4). Against the background of alfalfa inclusion, DEHP exposure led to a potential reduction in cumulative CO2 emissions by 16.35 % and 6.91 % in alkaline soil and 12.27 % and 13.65 % in acidic soil for T3 and T4, respectively. The addition of DEHP triggered CO2 emissions and manifested a detrimental negative priming effect in both soil types. In both soils, average CO2 emission fluxes were highest for the T2 treatment. The MBC fluctuated at around 80 mg kg-1 for the control group, alfalfa straw alone (T2) treatment considerably enhanced MBC contents, whereas DEHP contamination in T3 and T4 treatments suppressed the stimulatory effect of alfalfa on MBC in both alkaline and acidic soils. Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between soil CO2 emissions and MBC in both soils. Overall, these findings highlight the toxic impact of DEHP on MBC and its role in mitigating CO2 emissions in diverse soils. DEHP exposure counters the CO2 emissions induced by alfalfa straw. In addition, the inhibitory effect of DEHP on CO2 fluxes in alkaline soil is less pronounced than in acidic soil. Therefore, further cutting-edge research is crucial since DEHP contamination poses serious ecological threats to agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali Shah
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-Carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Deyun Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-Carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Cheng X, Chen J, Guo X, Cao H, Zhang C, Hu G, Zhuang Y. Disrupting the gut microbiota/metabolites axis by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate drives intestinal inflammation via AhR/NF-κB pathway in mice. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123232. [PMID: 38171427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer known for its environmental endocrine-disrupting properties, posing potential risks to various organs. However, the precise impact of DEHP on intestinal health and its contribution to the initiation of intestinal inflammation remains elucidated. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of DEHP-induced intestinal inflammation in mice, specifically focusing on the complex interplay between the gut microbiota-metabolite axis and associated pathophysiological alterations. Our findings showed that DEHP-induced damage of multiple organs systemically, as indicated by abnormal liver and kidney biochemical markers, along with a disrupted ileum morphology. Additionally, DEHP exposure disrupted gut barrier function, causing intestinal inflammation characterized by bacterial translocation and alterations in defense and inflammation-related gene expressions. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis suggested that DEHP-induced gut microbial remodeling is characterized by an upregulation of detrimental bacteria (Erysipelotrichaceae) and a downregulation of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae). Metabolomics analysis revealed DEHP perturbed gut metabolic homeostasis, particularly affecting the degradation of aromatic compounds, which generated an aberrant activation of the AhR and NF-κB, subsequently causing intestinal inflammation. Consequently, our results elucidate the mechanistic link between disrupted gut microbiota and metabolome and the initiation of DEHP-induced intestinal inflammation, mediated through the AhR/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Su HY, Lai CS, Lee KH, Chiang YW, Chen CC, Hsu PC. Prenatal exposure to low-dose di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induces potentially hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrotic changes in rat offspring. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 269:115776. [PMID: 38056127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that is widely used to enhance the flexibility and durability of various products. As an endocrine disruptor, DEHP can interfere with normal hormonal functions, posing substantial health risks to organisms. Given the critical role of the liver in DEHP metabolism, we investigated potential liver damage in offspring induced by prenatal exposure to low doses of DEHP in Sprague Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups and administered 20 or 200 μg/kg/day of DEHP or corn oil vehicle control via oral gavage from gestation days 0-20. Male rat offspring were euthanized on postnatal day 84, and blood and liver specimens were collected for analysis. We observed fibrotic changes in the livers of the exposed groups, accompanied by the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells and upregulated expression of TGF-B and collagen 1A1. Additionally, an inflammatory response, characterized by increased macrophage infiltration and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, was evident. Third, hepatic and serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol were notably increased, along with upregulated expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, particularly in the low-dose group. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to DEHP can disrupt lipid metabolism, resulting in hepatic lipid accumulation in the offspring. This exposure may also induce an inflammatory response that contributes to the development of liver fibrosis. Thus, even at relatively low doses, such exposure can precipitate latent liver damage in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Su
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Dong CD. Pretreatment of marine sediment for the removal of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by sulfite in the presence of sorghum distillery residue-derived biochar and its effect on microbiota response. Chemosphere 2024; 346:140571. [PMID: 38303388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism behind the oxidation di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in marine sediment by coupling sulfite using biochar prepared from sorghum distillery residue (SDRBC). The rationale for this investigation stems from the need to seek effective methods for DEHP-laden marine sediment remediation. The aim is to assess the feasibility of sulfite-based advanced oxidation processes for treating hazardous materials such as DEHP containing sediment. To this end, the sediment in question was treated with 2.5 × 10-5 M of sulfite and 1.7 g L-1 of SDRBC700 at acidic pH. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the combination of SDRBC/sulfite with a bacterial system enhances DEHP removal. Thermostilla bacteria were enriched, highlighting their role in sediment treatment. This study concludes that sulfite-associated sulfate radicals-driven carbon advanced oxidation process (SR-CAOP) offers sustainable sediment pretreatment through the SDRBC/sulfite-mediated microbial consortium, in which the SO3•- and 1O2 were responsible for DEHP degradation. SDRBC/sulfite offers an effective and environmentally friendly method for removing DEHP. Further, these results can be targeted at addressing industry problems related to sediment treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Zhu S, Tang X, Zhang J, Hu J, Gao X, Li D, Jia W. Urinary extracellular vesicles prevent di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced hypospadias by facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PFN2 delivery. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2569-2586. [PMID: 37953354 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing interest in recent years as a potential source of noninvasive biomarkers of diseases related to urinary organs, but knowledge of the mechanism is still limited. The current study sought to clarify the mechanism of urinary EVs behind di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced hypospadias via PFN2 delivery. METHOD PFN2 expression in hypospadias was predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Following the induction of a hypospadias rat model using DEHP, rats were injected with EVs and/or underwent alteration of PFN2 and TGF-β1 to assess their effects in vivo. The extracted rat urothelial cells (UECs) were co-cultured with EVs extracted from urine for in vitro experiments. RESULT Microarray analysis predicted poor PFN2 expression in hypospadias. Upregulated PFN2 was found in urinary EVs, and restrained epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was observed in DEHP-exposed rats. Urinary EVs or PFN2 overexpression increased SMAD2, SMAD3, and TGF-β1 protein expression and SMAD2 and SMAD3 phosphorylation in UECs and DEHP-exposed rats. UEC migration, invasion, and EMT were augmented by EV co-culture or upregulation of PFN2. Of note, the silencing of TGF-β1 counterweighed the effect of PFN2. Besides, EV co-culture or overexpression of PFN2 or TGF-β1 elevated the body weight, anal-genital distance (AGD), anal-genital index (AGI), and EMT of DEHP-exposed rats. CONCLUSION In summary, urinary EVs activated the SMAD/TGF-β1 pathway to induce EMT via PFN2 delivery, thus protecting against DEHP-induced hypospadias. (1) EMT in epithelial cells inhibits DEHP-induced hypospadias. (2) Urine-derived EVs deliver PFN2 to promote EMT in epithelial cells. (3) PFN2 can activate the SMAD/TGF-β1 signaling axis. (4) Urine-derived EVs can transmit PFN2 to activate the SMAD/TGF-β1 signaling axis, thus promoting EMT and inhibiting the occurrence of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangliang Tang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Kong H, Giesy JP, Liu H. Isomers are more likely to cause collapse of Daphnia magna populations than Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Aquat Toxicol 2023; 265:106757. [PMID: 37979496 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used phthalate and is ubiquitous in surface water. Based on its well-established toxicological profile, many countries and regions have adopted specific environmental quality standard (EQS) for DEHP. In China, the EQS value for DEHP is 8 μg/L. However, information on isomers structurally similar to DEHP is limited. Among the isomers of DEHP, di-isooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) have received limited attention. The goal of this paper was to study effects and toxic potencies of DEHP, DIOP, and DnOP to individuals and predict effects on populations of female Daphnia magna (cladoceran crustacea) in media containing environmentally relevant concentrations of single PAEs for three consecutive generations (21 days for every generation). Exposure to all three PAEs resulted in reduced survival and reproduction and cause collapse of populations at the highest concentrations. DnOP was the most potent for causing adverse effects followed by DIOP, while DEHP was the least potent. 8 μg DnOP/L were found to reduce the population size by 37 % in the F2 generation. These findings demonstrate that PAE isomers other than DEHP can cause adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Haoyue Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, United States
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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11
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Qian Y, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Liang L, Ding B. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate aggravates psoriasis-like skin lesions: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116707. [PMID: 37783235 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is a widely used phthalate (PAE), has recently received public attention owing to it causing health problems. The aim of this study was to elucidate the aggravating effects of DEHP on psoriasis and skin toxicity. Human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells were treated with gradient concentrations of DEHP, and mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis were hypodermically injected with 40 μg/kg/day of DEHP for seven consecutive days. The skin condition was assessed based on the psoriasis area and severity index score, which indicated the deterioration of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions after DEHP exposure. To further analyze the effect of DEHP on psoriasis, the proliferation, inflammation, and tight junction (TJ) damage were examined, which correlated with the development and severity of psoriasis. The results showed that DEHP promoted proliferation both in vivo and in vitro, which manifested as epidermal thickening; an increase in cell viability; upregulation of Ki67, CDK2, cyclinD1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen; and downregulation of p21. An excessive inflammatory response is an important factor that exacerbates psoriasis, and our results showed that DEHP can trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines as well as the infiltration of T cells. TJ disorders were found in mice and cells after DEHP treatment. Additionally, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was strongly activated during this process, which may have contributed to skin toxicity caused by DEHP. In conclusion, DEHP treatment promotes proliferation, inflammation, TJ disruption, and p38 MAPK activation in HaCaT cells and psoriasis-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qian
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lijian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jingya Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhiguang Huang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Linjie Liang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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12
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Xu B, He T, Yang H, Dai W, Liu L, Ma X, Ma J, Yang G, Si R, Du X, Fu X, Pei X. Activation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway protects against oxidative stress and excessive autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells to attenuate DEHP-induced ovarian impairment in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 265:115534. [PMID: 37776821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in various plastics but has been demonstrated to cause female reproductive toxicity. However, the exact mechanism underlying the ovarian damage induced by DEHP remains unclear. In this study, DEHP was administered orally to 5-week-old female mice for 30 days at doses of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day. The findings demonstrated that DEHP exposure disrupted ovarian function and follicular development as well as induced oxidative stress and autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Further, 200 µM mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the primary metabolite of DEHP in vivo, induced autophagy in both human ovarian granulosa cells line (KGN) and mouse primary GCs within 24 h in vitro. However, it did not affect the p62-dependent autophagy flux. Furthermore, MEHP-induced autophagy was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and exacerbated by the autophagy activator rapamycin, indicating that MEHP induces excessive autophagy in GCs. Subsequently, we found that MEHP-induced autophagic cell death was primarily attributed to oxidative damage from elevated intracellular ROS levels. Meanwhile, MEHP exposure induced nuclear translocation of erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor (Nrf2), a key regulator of antioxidant activity resulting in activating antioxidant effects. Interestingly, we also found that MEHP-induced increase in p62 competitively binds Keap1, thereby facilitating nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and establishing a positive feedback loop in antioxidant regulation. Therefore, this study demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf2 could aggravate oxidative damage and enhance excessive autophagy caused by MEHP, while activation of Nrf2 could reverse the trend. These findings have also been reinforced in studies of cultured ovaries in vitro. Our study suggests that the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may serve as a potential protective mechanism against DEHP-induced oxidative stress and excessive autophagy in mouse GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tiantian He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jiaxue Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guoqin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rui Si
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xing Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiuying Pei
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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He Y, Zou J, Hong T, Feng D. Association between Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults: Mediation analysis of body mass index and waist circumference in the NHANES. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113968. [PMID: 37506862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used plasticizer and is ubiquitous in the environment and food. As a result, diet is the most significant source of exposure to DEHP in the general population. However, there is little research about the impact of DEHP on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or significant fibrosis in human beings. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 data. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were acquired by vibration-controlled transient elastography for diagnosis of NAFLD and significant fibrosis. The concentration of DEHP (∑DEHP) was calculated by each metabolite and split into quartiles for analysis. Results of logistic regression models showed that the risk of NAFLD was increased in those with higher concentration of urinary DEHP [ΣDEHP (OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.09-1.36)]. However, no significant association was found between urinary DEHP and significant fibrosis in the fully adjusted model. Mediation analyses suggested that the total effect of urinary DEHP on NAFLD risk mediated by BMI was 46.28% and by WC was 65.89%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Kim D, Oh E, Kim H, Baek SM, Cho J, Kim EH, Choi S, Bian Y, Kim W, Bae ON. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate potentiates methylglyoxal-induced blood-brain barrier damage via mitochondria-derived oxidative stress and bioenergetic perturbation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113985. [PMID: 37572985 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates in contaminated foods and personal care products are one of the most frequently exposed chemicals with a public health concern. Phthalate exposure is related to cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic vascular complications and cerebrovascular diseases, yet the mechanism is still unclear. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity disruption is strongly associated with cardiovascular and neurological disease exacerbation. We investigated BBB damage by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) or its metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) using brain endothelial cells and rat models. BBB damage by the subthreshold level of MEHP, but not a DEHP, significantly increased by the presence of methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive dicarbonyl compound whose levels increase in the blood in hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients. Significant potentiation in apoptosis and autophagy activation, mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial metabolic disturbance were observed in brain ECs by co-exposure to MG and MEHP. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) restored autophagy activation as well as tight junction protein impairment induced by co-exposure to MG and MEHP. Intraperitoneal administration of MG and MEHP significantly altered mitochondrial membrane potential and tight junction integrity in rat brain endothelium. This study may provide novel insights into enhancing phthalate toxicity in susceptible populations, such as diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Eujin Oh
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Haram Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Seung Mi Baek
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Junho Cho
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Sungbin Choi
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Yiying Bian
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wondong Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea.
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15
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Li G, Chen Y, Wu M, Chen K, Zhang D, Zhang R, Yang G, Huang X. Di (2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate induces liver injury in chickens by regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via reactive oxygen species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 270:109639. [PMID: 37259793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a common environmental endocrine disruptor that induces oxidative stress, posing a significant threat to human and animal health. Oxidative stress can activate the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, which is closely related to cell apoptosis. However, it is unclear whether DEHP induces apoptosis of chicken liver cells by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway through oxidative stress. In this experiment, male laying hens were continuously exposed to 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1600 mg/kg DEHP for 14 d, 28 d, and 42 d. The results showed that liver injury was aggravated with the dose of DEHP gavage, and the ROS/MDA levels in L, M, and H DEHP exposure groups were significantly increased, while the T-AOC/T-SOD/GSH-PX levels were decreased. Meanwhile, DEHP exposure up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN/Bax/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K/AKT/BCL-2, indicating that DEHP may lead to hepatocyte apoptosis through ROS regulation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis. In order to further clarify the relationship between oxidative stress and liver injury, we treated chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) with 2.5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC attenuated these phenomena. In summary, our study suggests that DEHP can induce apoptosis of chicken liver through ROS activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Menglin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kaiting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guijun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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16
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Yu X, Xing H, Sun J, Du X, Lu G, Zhu L. New insight into phytometabolism and phytotoxicity mechanism of widespread plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rice plants. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163254. [PMID: 37019237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as widely utilized plasticizer has aroused increasing concerns since its endocrine disrupting effects and continuous accumulation in biota. To date, the interaction mechanism between DEHP and rice plants has not been clearly illustrated at molecular level. Here, we investigated biological transformation and response of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) to DEHP at realistic exposure concentrations. Nontargeted screening by UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to verify 21 transformation products derived from phase I metabolism (hydroxylation and hydrolysis) and phase II metabolism (conjugation with amino acids, glutathione, and carbohydrates) in rice. MEHHP-asp, MEHHP-tyr, MEHHP-ala, MECPP-tyr and MEOHP-tyr as the conjugation products with amino acids are observed for the first time. Transcriptomics analyses unraveled that DEHP exposure had strong negative effects on genes associated with antioxidative components synthesis, DNA binding, nucleotide excision repair, intracellular homeostasis, and anabolism. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that metabolic network reprogramming in rice roots was induced by DEHP, including nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, synthesis of antioxidant component, organic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The integrated analyses of interaction between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) endorsed that metabolic network regulated by DEGs was significantly interfered by DEHP, resulting in cell dysfunction of roots and visible growth inhibition. Overall, these finding generated fresh perspective for crops security caused by plasticizer pollution and enhanced the public focus on dietary risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanhuan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Hu YX, Hu BW, Chen YS, You HM, Bai MR, Zhang LJ, Guo ZF, Liang C. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impairs angiogenesis and hematopoiesis via suppressing VEGF signaling in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109588. [PMID: 36858141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is among the most widely used plasticizers in plastic production, which has been detected in various environments. However, DEHP safety remains poorly known. Using zebrafish models, the effects of DEHP on the angiogenesis and hematopoiesis, and the underlying mechanism, were studied. Transgenic zebrafish embryos with specific fluorescence of vascular endothelial cells, myeloid cells, or hematopoietic stem cells were exposed to 0, 100, 150, 200, or 250 nM of DEHP for 22, 46 or 70 h, followed by fluorescence observation, endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity measurement, erythrocyte staining, and gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. High DEHP concentrations decreased the sprouting rate, average diameter, and length, and the expansion area of the vessels lowered the EAP activity and suppressed the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and hematopoietic marker genes, including c-myb, hbae1, hbbe1, and lyz expressions. DEHP treatment also decreased the number of hematopoietic stem cells, erythrocytes, and myeloid cells at 24 and 72 hpf. These DEHP-induced angiogenetic and hematopoietic defects might be alleviated by vegf overexpression. Our results reveal a plausible mechanistic link between DEHP exposure-induced embryonic angiogenetic defect and hematopoietic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Bo-Wen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ya-Sha Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hong-Min You
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei-Rong Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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18
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Zhen Z, Luo S, Chen Y, Li G, Li H, Wei T, Huang F, Ren L, Liang YQ, Lin Z, Zhang D. Performance and mechanisms of biochar-assisted vermicomposting in accelerating di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate biodegradation in farmland soil. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130330. [PMID: 36372018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and earthworms can accelerate di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) degradation in soils. However, little is known regarding the effect of biochar-assisted vermicomposting on soil DEHP degradation and the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study investigated DEHP degradation performance and bacterial community changes in farmland soils using earthworms, biochar, or their combination. Biochar-assisted vermicomposting significantly improved DEHP degradation through initial physical adsorption on biochar and subsequent rapid biodegradation in the soil, earthworm gut, and charosphere. Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae were the potential DEHP degraders and were enriched in biochar-assisted vermicomposting. In particularly, Burkholderiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae were enriched in the earthworm gut and charosphere, possibly explaining the mechanism of accelerated DEHP degradation in biochar-assisted vermicomposting. Soil pH, soil organic matter, and humus (humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin) increased by earthworms or biochar enhanced DEHP degradation. These findings imply that biochar-assisted vermicomposting enhances DEHP removal not only through rapid physical sorption but also through the improvement of soil physicochemical characteristics and promotion of degraders in the soil, earthworm gut, and charosphere. Overall, biochar-assisted vermicomposting is a suitable method for the remediation of organic-contaminated farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Shuwen Luo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Huijun Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Ting Wei
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Fengcheng Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China.
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Hung CM, Huang CP, Hsieh SL, Chen YT, Chen CW, Dong CD. The remediation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-contaminated sediments by water hyacinth biochar activation of calcium peroxide and its effect on cytotoxicity. Environ Res 2023; 216:114656. [PMID: 36341791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the aquatic systems, specifically marine sediments has attracted considerable attention worldwide, as it enters the food chain and adversely affects the aquatic environment and subsequently human health. This study reports an efficient carbocatalytic activation of calcium peroxide (CP) using water hyacinth biochar (WHBC) toward the efficient remediation of DEHP-contaminated sediments and offer insights into biochar-mediated cellular cytotoxicity, using a combination of chemical and bioanalytical methods. The pyrolysis temperature (300-900 °C) for WHBC preparation significantly controlled catalytic capacity. Under the experimental conditions studied, the carbocatalyst exhibited 94% of DEHP removal. Singlet oxygen (1O2), the major active species in the WHBC/CP system and electron-rich carbonyl functional groups of carbocatalyst, played crucial roles in the non-radical activation of CP. Furthermore, cellular toxicity evaluation indicated lower cytotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) after exposure to WHBC (25-1000 μg mL-1) for 24 h and that WHBC induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Findings clearly indicated the feasibility of the WHBC/CP process for the restoration of contaminated sediment and contributing to understanding the mechanisms of cytotoxic effects and apoptotic of carbocatalyst on HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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20
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Wang L, Gan D, Gong L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guan R, Zeng L, Qu J, Dong M, Wang L. Analysis of the performance of the efficient di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2 and associated catabolic pathways. Chemosphere 2022; 306:135610. [PMID: 35810862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of plastic has led to the global occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) pollution. PAEs can be effectively removed from polluted environments by microbe-mediated degradation. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has the highest residual concentration in agricultural soil-contaminated areas compared to other PAEs in most of China. The Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2 microbial isolate identified was found to efficiently degrade DEHP. Within a 72 h period, the bacteria were able to degrade 52.47% and 99.75% of 500 mg L-1 DEHP at 10 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was first identified as an intermediate metabolite of DEHP, which is different from the previously reported DEHP catabolic pathway. Genomic sequencing of DNHP-S2 identified benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3/1,2-dioxygenase as potential mediators of DEHP degradation, consistent with the existence of two downstream metabolic pathways governing DEHP degradation. Three targets DEHP metabolism-related enzymes were found to be DEHP-inducible at the mRNA level, and DNHP-S2 was able to mediate the complete degradation of DEHP at lower temperatures, as confirmed via RT-qPCR. DNHP-S2 was also found to readily break down other PAEs including DMP, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), and n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). Together, these results thus highlight DNHP-S2 as a bacterial strain with great promise as a tool for the remediation of PAE pollution. In addition to providing new germplasm and genetic resources for use in the context of PAE degradation, these results also offer new insight into the potential mechanisms whereby PAEs undergo catabolic degradation, making them well-suited for use in PAE-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Gan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zeng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Maofeng Dong
- Pesticide Safety Evaluation Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beizhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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21
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Li S, Ding L, Wei X, Han S, Wang P, Sun Y. Multi-omics profiling and biochemical assays reveal the acute toxicity of environmental related concentrations of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the gill of crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Chemosphere 2022; 307:135814. [PMID: 35921887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most extensively utilized plasticizers in the plastic manufacturing process. It is widely used in various fields due to its low cost and excellent effect. Although there is evidence that DEHP is harmful to animal and human health, DEHP-induced gill toxicity in aquatic organisms is inconclusive, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of DEHP acute exposure on crucian carp gills at environmentally relevant concentrations of 20, 100, and 500 μg/L. Multi-omics profiling and biochemical assays were employed to characterize the potential toxicological mechanisms. The results showed that acute exposure to 100 and 500 μg/L of DEHP leads to oxidative stress in gills, as evidenced by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and the transformation of glutathione from reduced to oxidized form, resulting in lipid peroxidation. Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics indicated that increased purine metabolism was the potential source of increased ROS. Moreover, lipid metabolism disorder, including arachidonic acid metabolism, induces inflammation. Further, DEHP causes the imbalance of the CYP enzyme system in the gill, and DEHP-induced gill toxicity in crucian carp was associated with interference with CYP450 homeostasis. Taken together, this study broadens the molecular understanding of the DEHP-induced gill toxicity in aquatic organisms and provides novel perspectives for assessing the effects of DEHP on target and non-target aquatic organisms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhongxiang Chen
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Shanwei Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shicheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Yanchun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Harbin, 150070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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22
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Wei X, Yang D, Zhang B, Fan X, Du H, Zhu R, Sun X, Zhao M, Gu N. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increases plasma glucose and induces lipid metabolic disorders via FoxO1 in adult mice. Sci Total Environ 2022; 842:156815. [PMID: 35750186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) commonly used as a plasticizer, is responsible for widespread environmental pollution. Epidemiological and experimental data implicate DEHP and its metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome. However, the specific effects and potential mechanisms of action of DEHP on glucose and lipid metabolism in adults are currently unclear. In the current study, adult male mice were continuously exposed to DEHP (0, 5, and 25 mg/kg/day) via oral administration and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism explored. Notably, exposure to DEHP led to a significant increase in plasma glucose and hepatic lipid accumulation but had no effect on insulin secretion. Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR showed that DEHP induced insulin resistance and promoted gluconeogenesis and lipid accumulation via overexpression of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), in keeping with hepatic RNA sequencing data. Variations in gut microbiota aggravated these effects while inhibition of FoxO1 reversed the adverse effects of DEHP. Our findings support a key role of FoxO1 in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism caused by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China.
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23
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Yu Z, Xia Y, Cheng S, Mao L, Luo S, Tang S, Sun W, Jiang X, Zou Z, Chen C, Qiu J, Zhou L. Polystyrene nanoparticles aggravate the adverse effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on different segments of intestine in mice. Chemosphere 2022; 305:135324. [PMID: 35697104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that nanoplastics (NPs) can transport organic pollutants such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) into organisms and induce adverse health effects. Nevertheless, the toxic effects of NPs combined with DEHP on mammalian intestine are still unclear. In this study, the C57BL6J mice were exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), DEHP or them both for 30 days to determine their effects on different segments of intestine and the gut microbiota. As a result, DEHP alone or co-exposure to DEHP and PSNPs induced histological damages in all intestinal parts, mainly manifested as the decreased villus lengths, increased crypt depths in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and decreased villus counts accompanied with decreased epithelial area in the colon. Moreover, decreased mucus coverage, down-regulated Muc2 expression levels as well as the broken tight junctions were observed in intestinal epithelium of mice, particularly obvious in the co-treatment groups. In general, as manifested by greater alterations in most of the parameters mentioned above, simultaneously exposed to PSNPs and DEHP seemed to induce enhanced toxic effects on intestine of mouse when compared with DEHP alone. Furthermore, the altered community composition of gut microbiota might at least partially contribute to these abnormalities. Overall, our results highlight the aggravated toxicity on different segments of intestine in mammalians due to co-exposure of PSNPs and DEHP, and these findings will provide valuable insights into the health risk of NPs and plastic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lejiao Mao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Xue R, Li S, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Cao Y. Melatonin attenuates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced apoptosis of human granulosa cells by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:18-29. [PMID: 35952901 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most used plasticizers which have contaminated environment widely, and its extensive use causes female reproductive injury. Melatonin has a substantial protective effect against female reproductive toxicity. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of melatonin on DEHP-induced damage of human granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro and explore the potential mechanisms. Here, we found that melatonin treatment alleviated DEHP-induced human GCs apoptosis and improved mitochondrial function via inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediated mitochondrial fission. Melatonin inhibited the expression, activation and oligomerization of Drp1, which decreased translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria in DEHP-exposed human GCs. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, sustained mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased cytochrome c release. Further research showed that AMPK-PGC-1α signal pathway was involved in the inhibition of melatonin on Drp1 expression and activation. Melatonin treatment promoted AMPK activation suppressed by DEHP, and activated AMPK recovered the balance of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616 and Ser637 sites and enhanced PGC-1α expression. Moreover, PGC-1α could prevent mitochondrial fission by decreasing Drp1 expression directly via binding to its promoter. In contrast, blocking of AMPK or PGC-1α with specific inhibitor negated the protective effects of melatonin on mitochondrial homeostasis and GCs apoptosis. In summary, our results indicated the protective effects of melatonin on improving mitochondrial function and attenuating cells injury in DEHP-exposed human GCs. Melatonin treatment may be a promising therapeutic approach against DEHP-induced reproductive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufeng Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuhang Li
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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25
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Zhou P, Wu S, Huang D, Wang K, Su X, Yang R, Shao C, Wu J. Oral exposure to DEHP may stimulate prostatic hyperplasia associated with upregulation of COX-2 and L-PGDS expressions in male adult rats. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:160-170. [PMID: 35905844 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a typical environmental endocrine disruptor (EED), can disrupt estrogen and androgen secretion and metabolism process, thus inducing dysfunctional reproduction such as impaired gonadal development and spermatogenesis disorder. Prostaglandin synthases (PGS) catalyze various prostaglandins biosynthesis, involved in inflammatory cascade and tumorigenesis. Yet, little is known about how PGS may impact prostatic hyperplasia development and progression. This study concentrates predominantly on the potential prostatic toxicity of DEHP exposure and the mediating role of PGS. In vivo study, adult male rats were administered via oral gavage 30 μg/kg/d, 90 μg/kg/d, 270 μg/kg/d, 810 μg/kg/d DEHP or vehicle for four weeks. The results elucidated that low-dose DEHP may cause the proliferation of the prostate with an increased PCNA/TUNEL ratio. Given the importance of estrogens and androgens in prostatic hyperplasia, our first objective was to evaluate the levels of sex hormones. DEHP improved the ratio of estradiol (E2)/testosterone (T) in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) expressions. Prostaglandin synthases, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), were significantly upregulated in the ventral prostate. COX-2 and L-PGDS might mediate the tendency of prostatic hyperplasia induced by low-dose DEHP through estradiol/androgen regulation and imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. These findings provide the first evidence that prostaglandin synthases contribute to the tendency toward benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by DEHP. Further investigations will have to be performed to facilitate an improved understanding of the role of prostaglandin synthases in DEHP-induced prostatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Xin Su
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Rongfu Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Congcong Shao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China.
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26
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Chen Q, Kong Q, Tian P, He Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Lactic acid bacteria alleviate di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced liver and testis toxicity via their bio-binding capacity, antioxidant capacity and regulation of the gut microbiota. Environ Pollut 2022; 305:119197. [PMID: 35378196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticiser that, if absorbed into the human body, can cause various adverse effects including reproductive toxicity, liver toxicity and gut microbiota dysbiosis. So far, some studies have proved that the toxicity of DEHP can be reduced by using antioxidants. However, these candidates all show potential side effects and cannot prevent the accumulation of DEHP in the body, making them unable to be used as a daily dietary supplement to relieve the toxic effects of DEHP. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antioxidant capacity and the ability to adsorb harmful substances. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of five strains of LAB, selected based on our in vitro assessments on antioxidant capacities or bio-binding capacities, against the adverse effects of DEHP exposure in rats. Our results showed that LAB strains with outstanding DEHP/MEHP binding capacities, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCFM1018 and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1019, possess the ability to facilitate the elimination of DEHP and its metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with the faeces, decrease DEHP and MEHP level in serum further. Meanwhile, DEHP-induced liver and testicular injuries were effectively alleviated by CCFM1018 and CCFM1019. In addition, CCFM1018 effectively alleviated the DEHP-induced oxidative stress with its strong antioxidant ability. Furthermore, both CCFM1018 and CCFM1019 modulated the gut microbiota, which in turn increased the concentrations of faecal propionate and butyrate and regulated the pathways related to host metabolism. Correlation analysis indicate that DEHP/MEHP bio-binding capacity of LAB plays a crucial role in protecting the body from DEHP exposure, and its antioxidant capacity and the ability to alleviate the gut microbiota dysbiosis are also involved in the alleviation of damage. Thus, LAB with powerful bio-binding capacity of DEHP and MEHP can be considered as a potential therapeutic dietary strategy against DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Qingmin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
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Wu Y, Wang J, Zhao T, Chen J, Kang L, Wei Y, Han L, Shen L, Long C, Wu S, Wei G. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure leads to ferroptosis via the HIF-1α/HO-1 signaling pathway in mouse testes. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:127807. [PMID: 34863575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used plasticizer and has been shown to cause reproductive dysfunction in humans and model animals. However, the exact mechanisms of testicular injury induced by DEHP exposure have not been fully clarified. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP, a major biometabolite of DEHP) and DEHP concentrations were elevated in mouse serum after DEHP exposure. Using RNA-seq, we found that ferroptosis and HIF-1 signaling pathways might be involved in testicular injury due to prepubertal DEHP exposure. Subsequent Western blotting, ferrous iron and MDA measurements, and immunofluorescence of testicular sections verified the RNA-seq findings. Consistently, based on the RNA-seq findings, we found that ferroptosis and HIF-1 signaling pathways might play crucial roles in Leydig and Sertoli cell injury due to MEHP exposure in vitro. Further experiments also confirmed ferroptosis in Leydig and Sertoli cells. Using Western blotting, cellular immunofluorescence and ChIP-qPCR, we found that MEHP exposure caused HIF-1α accumulation and stabilization, resulted in HIF-1α translocation into the nucleus, and induced HIF-1α/Hmox1 binding in Leydig and Sertoli cells. To clarify whether HIF-1α plays a pivotal role in MEHP-induced ferroptosis, we knocked out Hif-1α using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. We found that Hif-1α knockout rescued MEHP-induced ferroptosis. In summary, our findings certified that prepubertal DEHP exposure led to ferroptosis in mouse testes via the HIF-1α/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Kang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lindong Han
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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Zheng Y, Zhou K, Tang J, Liu C, Bai J. Impacts of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Folsomia candida (Collembola) assessed with a multi-biomarker approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 232:113251. [PMID: 35121260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is extensively used as an additive to produce plastics, but it may damage non-target organisms in soil. In this study, the effects of DEHP on Folsomia candida in terms of survival, reproduction, enzyme activities, and DNA damage were investigated in spiked artificial soil using a multi-biomarker strategy. The 7-day LC50 (median lethal concentration) and 28-day EC50 (median effect concentration) values of DEHP were 1256.25 and 19.72 mg a.i. (active ingredient) kg-1 dry soil, respectively. Biomarkers involved in antioxidant defense including catalase (CAT-catalase), glutathione S-transferases (GST), detoxifying enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and peroxidative damage (LPO-lipid peroxide) were also measured (EC10, EC20, and EC50) after exposure for 2, 4, 7, and 14 days. The Comet assay was also applied to assess the level of genetic damage. The activity of CAT and LPO was drastically enhanced by the highest dose (EC50) of DEHP on day two. The activities of GST and AChE in DEHP treatment groups were found to be blocked. In contrast, the activity of CYP450 was significantly enhanced compared to the respective control groups during the first four days of incubation. The Comet assay in F.candida demonstrated that DEHP (EC50) could induce DNA damage. The obtained multi-biomarker data were analyzed using an integrated biomarker response (IBR) index, indicating that limited-time exposure triggered higher stress than long-term exposure at low concentrations of DEHP. These results demonstrate that DEHP may cause biochemical and genetic toxicity to F. candida, which illustrated the potential risks of DEHP in the soil environment and might affect soil ecosystem processes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the toxic mechanisms of DEHP on other non-target organisms in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China; Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China.
| | - Kedong Zhou
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jianquan Tang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Can Liu
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China; Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
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Sun D, Zhou L, Wang S, Liu T, Zhu J, Jia Y, Xu J, Chen H, Wang Q, Xu F, Zhang Y, Ye L. Effect of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in adolescent rat. Endocr J 2022; 69:217-224. [PMID: 35228410 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is extensively used in many personal care and consumer products, which results in widespread human exposure. Limited studies have suggested that exposure to DEHP may affect thyroid function, but little is known about the effect and mechanisms of DEHP exposure on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA). The present study was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying DEHP disrupting the function of the HPTA. DEHP was administered to Wistar rats by gavage at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 28 days and then the rats were sacrificed within 24 h following the last dose. The hormone levels of HPTA were quantified with radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the protein levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of TRHR and TSHR mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The low dose of DEHP increased the body weights of rats. Serum levels of T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 as well as protein and mRNA levels of TSHR decreased in rats treated with 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg DEHP compared with those of controls. Although the protein levels of TRH in the hypothalamus or protein and mRNA levels of TRHR in pituitary were up-regulated, serum levels of TSH did not change statistically in rats treated with DEHP. Therefore, DEHP can produce thyroid toxicity and may interfere with the secretion of pituitary TSH. In conclusion, DEHP could interfere with the balance of HPTA of adolescent rats, and disturb the homeostasis of thyroid related hormones and the expression levels of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Jiang FW, Yang ZY, Bian YF, Cui JG, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Li JL. The novel role of the aquaporin water channel in lycopene preventing DEHP-induced renal ionic homeostasis disturbance in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 226:112836. [PMID: 34601266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an extensively used plasticizer, can cause environmental pollution and organ injury. Lycopene (LYC) is a natural carotene that has the potential to prevent chronic diseases. To reveal the effect of DEHP and/or LYC on the kidney, male mice were treated with LYC (5 mg/kg) and/or DEHP (500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg) by gavage for 28 days. The study indicated that DEHP caused glomerular atrophy, tubular expansion, disappearance of the mitochondrial membrane, and cristae rupture. DEHP exposure can increase the expression of aquaporin (AQP) subunits and the activity of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and decrease the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, which results in ion disorder. However, LYC can relieve kidney injury by regulating the activity of ATPase, the expression of ATPase subunits, and AQP subunit expression. The results indicated that AQP was a target for LYC in antagonizing the disturbance of DEHP-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Wei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhou-Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Chen J, Kang L, Wang J, Wu Y, Han L, Zheng X, Wei Y, Zhao T, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Wu S. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis reveals ESR1, FLNA and Furin as hub genes for DEHP-induced prepubertal testicular injury. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 106:115-25. [PMID: 34718101 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor that accumulates in organisms in various ways and induces male reproductive system disorders. In this study, we established a testicular injury model by gavage with different concentrations of DEHP. The testes were then collected for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and the results were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by experiments. Our research results show that different concentrations of DEHP interfere with testicular development differently. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) generated sixteen modules and identified the turquoise module as key. Then, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), filamin A (Flna) and Furin were identified as hub genes. qPCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed that all three hub genes were upregulated. We detected the locations of these genes by immunohistochemistry. ESR1 was mainly located in Leydig cells; Flna immunostaining is observed in the Leydig and some germ cells and Furin staining was seen in almost all types of testicular cells. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed enrichment mainly in MAPK signaling pathways, p53 signaling pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, the cell cycle, RNA degradation, etc. This is the first study using WGCNA to investigate the mechanism of DEHP-induced injury in the prepubertal testis, providing new research angles to further understand the mechanism of DEHP-induced injury in the prepubertal testis.
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Han L, Wang J, Zhao T, Wu Y, Wei Y, Chen J, Kang L, Shen L, Long C, Yang Z, Wu S, Wei G. Stereological analysis and transcriptome profiling of testicular injury induced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in prepubertal rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112326. [PMID: 34015638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most common phthalate that can affect the male reproductive system. DEHP exposure at the prepubertal stage could lead to the injury of immature testes, but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. In the present study, we elucidated the possible underlying mechanism of DEHP-induced prepubertal testicular injury through stereological analysis and transcriptome profiling. Compared with the control group, the DEHP-treated rats had lower body weight gain and decreased testicular weight and organ coefficient. Moreover, lower serum levels of testosterone and LH were observed in the DEHP group, in contrast to the increased FSH level. Additionally, the serum level of estradiol had no significant difference after DEHP exposure. Stereological analysis showed significant reduction in volumes of most testicular structures, especially in the seminiferous tubule and seminiferous epithelium, along with a vast decrease of spermatogenic cells and obvious structural damages with substantial pathological signs (germ cracks, cytoplasmic vacuolization, sloughing, multinucleated giant cell formation, chromatolysis desquamation and dissolution, pyknosis of nuclei) in the seminiferous tubule upon DEHP exposure at the prepubertal stage. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling identified 5548 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upon DEHP exposure. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed several crucial signaling pathways related to retinol metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In addition, seven DEGs selected from RNA-seq data were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the results showed the same trends as the RNA-seq results. In conclusion, the above findings provide basic morphological data and lay a foundation for systematic research on transcriptome profiling in prepubertal testicular injury induced by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Han
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lian Kang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Yang
- Morphometric Research Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
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Yu Z, Zhan Q, Chen A, Han J, Zheng Y, Gong Y, Lu R, Zheng Z, Chen G. Intermittent fasting ameliorates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced precocious puberty in female rats: A study of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100513. [PMID: 34049116 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has been reported to interfere with the development and function of animal reproductive systems. However, hardly any studies provide methods to minimize or prevent the adverse effects of DEHP on reproduction. The energy balance state of mammals is closely related to reproductive activities, and the reproductive axis can regulate reproductive activities according to changes in the body's energy balance state. In this study, the effects of every other day fasting (EODF), as a way of intermittent fasting, on preventing the precocious puberty induced by DEHP in female rats was studied. EODF significantly improved the advancement of vaginal opening age (as the markers of puberty onset) and elevated serum levels of luteinizing hormone and estradiol (detected by ELISA) induced by 5 mg kg-1 DEHP exposure (D5). The mRNA and western blot results showed that the EODF could minimized the increase of gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression induced by DEHP exposure. The administration of DEHP could elevate the levels of kisspeptin protein and the number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive neurons in anteroventral periventricular nucleu, and this increase was diminished considerably by EODF treatment. In contrast, the D5 and D0 groups showed no remarkable difference in the level of Kiss1 expression in arcuate nucleus, whereas the D5 + EODF group had a remarkable decrease in kisspeptin expression as compared with the other two groups. Our results indicated that EODF might inhibit the acceleration of puberty onset induced by DEHP exposure via HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qiufeng Zhan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ayun Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Junyong Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Rongmei Lu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Liu RJ, He YJ, Liu H, Zheng DD, Huang SW, Liu CH. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced toxicity in rat liver. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:23501-23509. [PMID: 33449321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used plasticizer and it has been a ubiquitous environmental contaminant which affects health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg bw on DEHP-induced (3000 mg/kg) toxicity in rat liver through a 28-day animal experiment. The results showed that LBP attenuated oxidative stress slightly by lowering the production of ROS and improving the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver and serum of DEHP treatment rats. At the same time, the levels of PXR, CYP450, CYP2E1, CYP3A1, UGT1, and GST were reduced after LBP treatment. Moreover, LBP decreased the mRNA expression of PXR, UGT1, and GST significantly. These findings suggested that LBP might ameliorate DEHP-induced liver injury by down-regulating the expression of PXR in liver, further down-regulating the downstream phase I and II detoxification enzymes, thus reducing the damage caused by DEHP. Therefore, LBP may have the potential to become an auxiliary therapeutic agent as a natural ingredient of health food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Jian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Wen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Zhu BB, Zhang ZC, Li J, Gao XX, Chen YH, Wang H, Gao L, Xu DX. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces testicular endoplasmic reticulum stress and germ cell apoptosis in adolescent mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:21696-21705. [PMID: 33411269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a male reproductive toxicant. This research is aimed at investigating the effect of pubertal DEHP exposure on testicular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and germ cell apoptosis. Five-week-old male mice were orally administered with DEHP (0, 0.5, 50, or 500 mg/kg/day) for 35 days. Testis weight and sperm count were reduced in mice exposed to 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. The number of seminiferous tubules in stages VII-VIII, mature seminiferous tubules, was reduced and the number of seminiferous tubules in stages IX-XII, immature seminiferous tubules, was elevated in mice treated with 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. Numerous apoptotic germ cells were observed in mouse seminiferous tubules exposed to 50 and 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated in mouse testes exposed to 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. In addition, Bcl-2 was reduced and Bax/Bcl-2 was elevated in mouse testes exposed to 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. Additional experiment showed that GRP78, an ER molecular chaperone, was downregulated in mouse testes exposed to 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. Testicular p-IRE-1α, p-JNK, and CHOP, three markers of ER stress, were upregulated in mice exposed to 500 mg/kg/day DEHP. These results suggest that pubertal exposure to high doses of DEHP induces germ cell apoptosis partially through initiating ER stress in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Xing Gao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China.
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An SJ, Lee EJ, Jeong SH, Hong YP, Ahn S, Yang YJ. Perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces hepatic lipid accumulation mediated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1698-1709. [PMID: 33832334 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211003314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer in consumer products and medical devices. It is also suspected to exacerbate the development of fatty liver. However, the mechanisms underlying excessive lipid synthesis and its deposition in the liver are yet to be identified. This study was aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in adult male offspring after perinatal exposure to DEHP. METHOD Corn oil and DEHP (0.75 mg/kg/day) were administered once per day to dam from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21 by oral gavage. After the weaning period, DEHP treated male pups were categorized into early life stage- and lifelong period group. Male rats both control and early life stage group administered corn oil, and lifelong period group administered DEHP from PND 22 to 70. Histological examination and triglyceride (TG) levels in the liver were analyzed. Expressions of transcription factors associated with lipid accumulation in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS Both early life stage- and lifelong period group, hepatic TG levels, and mRNA and protein expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) were significantly higher than control (TG: all p < 0.05, mRNA & protein: p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The average body weight from PND 35 to 63, and mRNA and protein expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c in lifelong period group were significantly lower than control (all p < 0.05); however, alanine transaminase were significantly higher than control (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Perinatal exposure to DEHP may induce the hepatic lipid accumulation through up-regulation of DGAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J An
- Department of Neurology, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,These authors are equally contributed to this work
| | - E J Lee
- Institute for Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,These authors are equally contributed to this work
| | - S-H Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-P Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Ding Y, Xu T, Mao G, Chen Y, Qiu X, Yang L, Zhao T, Xu X, Feng W, Wu X. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced hepatotoxicity exacerbated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in female pubertal T2DM mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112003. [PMID: 33484791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most common plasticizers, is closely associated with a high prevalence of pubertal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have indicated that DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity exhibits sex differences. In this study, the sex differences in the effect of DEHP on pubertal T2DM (P-T2DM) mice, the susceptibility of female P-T2DM mice to DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. DEHP exposure exacerbated metabolic disorders in female P-T2DM mice. Factorial analysis showed that female P-T2DM mice were more sensitive to DEHP exposure than female normal mice and male P-T2DM mice. It was determined by integrated biomarker response results that female P-T2DM mice had higher risks of developing T2DM, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular events and hepatotoxicity than male P-T2DM mice. Moreover, hepatic transcriptome analysis emphasized the effects of DEHP on the expression of oxidative injury- and metabolic function-related genes. Western blotting indicated that DEHP activated Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and impaired insulin sensitivity in the liver, which were the main causes of DEHP-exacerbated metabolic abnormalities in P-T2DM mice. Our study revealed that compared with normal mice and male P-T2DM mice, female P-T2DM mice tend to suffer from increased DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity, which was primarily attributed to hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Martínez-Razo LD, Martínez-Ibarra A, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Cerbón M. The impact of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in placental development, function, and pathophysiology. Environ Int 2021; 146:106228. [PMID: 33157377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chemical widely distributed in the environment as is extensively used in the plastic industry. DEHP is considered an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) and humans are inevitably and unintentionally exposed to this EDC through several sources including food, beverages, cosmetics, medical devices, among others. DEHP exposure has been associated and may be involved in the development of various pathologies; importantly, pregnant women are a particular risk group considering that endocrine alterations during gestation may impact fetal programming leading to the development of several chronic diseases in adulthood. Recent studies have indicated that exposure to DEHP and its metabolite Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) may impair placental development and function, which in turn would have a negative impact on fetal growth. Studies performed in several trophoblastic and placental models have shown the negative impact of DEHP and MEHP in key processes related to placental development such as implantation, differentiation, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, many alterations in placental functions like hormone signaling, metabolism, transfer of nutrients, immunomodulation and oxidative stress response have been reported. Moreover, clinical-epidemiological evidence supports the association between DEHP exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes and pathologies. In this review, we aim to summarize for the first time current knowledge about the impact of DEHP and MEHP exposure on placental development and pathophysiology, as well as the mechanisms involved. We also remark the importance of exploring DEHP and MEHP effects in different trophoblast cell populations and discuss new perspectives regarding this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Martínez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico.
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Zhao TX, Wei YX, Wang JK, Han LD, Sun M, Wu YH, Shen LJ, Long CL, Wu SD, Wei GH. The gut-microbiota-testis axis mediated by the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway is related to prepuberal steroidogenesis disorders induced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:35261-35271. [PMID: 32588312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer, which is known to be an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that can jeopardize the male reproductive system. Prepuberal exposure to DEHP leads to steroidogenesis disorders. However, the specific mechanism remains ambiguous. Therefore, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats underwent prepuberal DEHP exposure at a dose of 500 mg/kg per day through gavage. Additionally, the resulting testicular injury was evaluated to confirm the disturbed steroidogenesis. Changes in testicular histology, significant reduction of serum testosterone (P < 0.01) and luteinizing hormone (P < 0.001), and significantly decreased expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (P < 0.01) and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) were found in DEHP-treated rats. DEHP exposure resulted in obvious intestinal damage and oxidative stress imbalance, primarily in the jejunum. Both the activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and alterations of microbiota profiles were observed in all three gut specimens, but were most notable in the jejunum. We hypothesize that the gut-microbiota-testis axis, which is mediated by the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, could be involved in the dysfunction of prepuberal steroidogenesis induced by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ke Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mang Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Ju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-De Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Hui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang H, Lin Z, Liu B, Wang G, Weng L, Zhou J, Hu H, He H, Huang Y, Chen J, Ruth N, Li C, Ren L. Bioremediation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate contaminated red soil by Gordonia terrae RL-JC02: Characterization, metabolic pathway and kinetics. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139138. [PMID: 32446058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer and a representative endocrine disrupting chemical. The toxicological effects of DEHP on environmental and human health have been widely investigated. In this study, the DEHP-degrading bacterial strain RL-JC02 was isolated from red soil with long-term usage of plastic mulch, and it was identified as Gordonia terrae by 16S rRNA gene analysis coupled with physiological and biochemical characterization. The biodegrading capacity of different phthalic acid esters and related intermediates was investigated as well as the performance of strain RL-JC02 under different environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, salinity and DEHP concentration. Specifically, strain RL-JC02 showed good tolerance to low pH, with 86.6% of DEHP degraded under the initial pH of 5.0 within 72 h. The metabolic pathway of DEHP was examined by metabolic intermediate identification via a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis in which DEHP was hydrolyzed into phthalic acid (PA) and 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) via mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). PA and 2-EH were further utilized through the protocatechuic acid metabolic pathway and β-oxidation via protocatechuic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, respectively. The application potential of strain RL-JC02 was confirmed through the bioremediation of artificial DEHP-contaminated red soil showing 91.8% DEHP degradation by strain RL-JC02 within 30 d. The kinetics analysis of DEHP degradation by strain RL-JC02 in soil demonstrated that the process followed the modified Gompertz model. Meanwhile, the cell concentration monitoring of strain RL-JC02 in soil with absolute quantification polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) suggested that strain RL-JC02 survived well during bioremediation. This study provides sufficient evidence of a robust degrader for the bioremediation of PAE-contaminated red soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Liyun Weng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hanqiao Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hong He
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Nahurira Ruth
- Faculty of Science, Kabale University, Kabale 317, Uganda
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
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Xie Y, Liu H, Li H, Tang H, Peng H, Xu H. High-effectively degrade the di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate via biochemical system: Resistant bacterial flora and persulfate oxidation activated by BC@Fe 3O 4. Environ Pollut 2020; 262:114100. [PMID: 32443200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been classified as a priority pollutant which increased the healthy risk to human and animals dramatically. Hence, a novel biochemical system combined by DEHP-resistant bacterial flora (B) and a green oxidant of persulfate (PS) activated by Nano-Fe3O4 was applied to degrade DEHP in contaminated soil. In this study, the resistant bacterial flora was screened from activated sludge and immobilized by sodium alginate (SAB). Nano-Fe3O4 was coated on biochar (BC@Fe3O4) to prevent agglomerating in soil. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to characterize BC@Fe3O4. Results demonstrated that the treatment of biochemical system (SAB + BC@Fe3O4 + PS) presented the maximum degradation rate about 92.56% within 24 days of incubation and improved soil microecology. The 16S rDNA sequences analysis of soil microorganisms showed a significantly different abundance and a similar diversity among different treatments. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional genes difference analysis showed that some metabolic pathways, such as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism, cell growth and death, replication and repair, were associated with the biodegradation of DEHP. Besides, DEHP was converted to MEHP and PA by biodegradation, while DEHP was converted to DBP and PA by persulfate and BC@Fe3O4, and then ultimately degraded to CO2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanluo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huakang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - He Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Wang H, Guan TQ, Sun JX, Talukder M, Huang YQ, Li YH, Li JL. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced nephrotoxicity in quail (Coturnix japonica) by triggering nuclear xenobiotic receptors and modulating the cytochrome P450 system. Environ Pollut 2020; 261:114162. [PMID: 32078881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer that is mainly used in the production of polyvinyl alcohol-containing chloride products, has attracted attention due to potential threats to human health and the environment. Nevertheless, knowledge of DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity is still limited. To explore the mechanism of DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity, quail were treated with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg DEHP by oral gavage for 45 days. Based on the results of histopathological analysis, DEHP exposure induced a disorganized renal structure, a partially dilated glomerulus and an atrophied Bowman's space. Renal tubular epithelial cells were unclear, and swelling of columnar epithelial cells was observed, suggesting that DEHP exposure caused renal disease and renal injury. Notably, DEHP interfered with the homeostasis of cytochrome P450 systems (CYP450s) by increasing the activities or contents of CYP450s (total CYP450, Cyt b5, ERND, APND, AH and NCR). The expression levels of certain CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2J and CYP3A) were significantly downregulated in the kidney in DEHP-treated quail. Furthermore, DEHP induced the expression of nuclear receptors (AHR, CAR and PXR) in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study suggested that DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity in quail was associated with the induction of nuclear xenobiotic receptor (NXR) responses and interference with CYP450 homeostasis. In conclusion, all data indicated that DEHP induced nephrotoxicity by triggering NXRs and modulating the cytochrome P450 system. The results of this study provide a new basis for understanding the nephrotoxicity of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Tian-Qi Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Xu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh.
| | - Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Wang G, Chen Q, Tian P, Wang L, Li X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might be responsible to different toxicity caused by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure in murine rodents. Environ Pollut 2020; 261:114164. [PMID: 32088434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer, which can enter the body through a variety of ways and exerted multiple harmful effects, including liver toxicity, reproductive toxicity and even glucose metabolism disorder. Many studies have suggested that changes of gut microbiota are closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, but the effects of DEHP exposure on gut microbiota are still unclear. It was found in this study that the damage to different tissues by DEHP on two strains each from two different species of male rodents before puberty was dose and time of exposure dependent, and also depending on the strain and species of rodent. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats showed highest sensitivity to DEHP exposure, with most severe organ damage, highest Th1 inflammatory response and most significant body weight gain. Correspondingly, the gut microbiota of SD rats showed most significant changes after DEHP exposure. Only SD rats, but not Wistar rats, BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice showed an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Proteobacteria abundance in the fecal samples, which are known to associate with obesity and diabetes. This is consistent with the increasing body weight gain which was only found in SD rats. In addition, the decrease in the level of butyrate, increase in the abundance of potential pathogens and microbial genes linked to colorectal cancer, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes in the SD rats were associated with issue and functional damages and Th1 inflammatory response caused by DEHP exposure. We postulate that the differential effects of DEHP on gut microbiota may be an important cause of the differences in the toxicity on different strains and species of rodents to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, PR China.
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Du ZP, Feng S, Li YL, Li R, Lv J, Ren WQ, Feng QW, Liu P, Wang QN. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits expression and internalization of transthyretin in human placental trophoblastic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114960. [PMID: 32201330 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, fetal thyroid hormones (THs) are dependent on maternal placental transport and their physiological level is crucial for normal fetal neurodevelopment. Earlier research has shown that Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) disrupts thyroid function and THs homeostasis in pregnant women and fetuses, and affects placental THs transport. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study, therefore, aimed to systematically investigate the potential mechanisms of DEHP-induced disruption in the placental THs transport using two human placental trophoblastic cells, HTR-8/SVneo cells and JEG-3 cells. While the exposure of DEHP at the doses of 0-400 μM for 24 h did not affect cell viability, we found reduced consumption of T3 and T4 in the culture medium of HTR-8/Svneo cells treated with DEHP at 400 μM. DEHP treatment did not affect T3 uptake and the expression of monocarboxylate transporters 8 (MCT8) and organic anion transporters 1C1 (OATP1C1). However, DEHP significantly inhibited transthyretin (TTR) internalization, down-regulated TTR, deiodinase 2 (DIO2), and thyroid hormone receptors mRNA expression and protein levels, and up-regulated deiodinase 3 (DIO3) protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that DEHP acts on placental trophoblast cells, inhibits its TTR internalization, down-regulates TTR expression and affects the expression of DIO2, DIO3, and thyroid hormone receptor. These may be the mechanisms by which PAEs affects THs transport through placental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Du
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Ren
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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Goudarzi M, Haghi Karamallah M, Malayeri A, Kalantar M, Mansouri E, Kalantar H. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:13670-13678. [PMID: 32030592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals, widely used as plasticizers due to their flexibility in plastics. Human populations may be exposed to phthalates through direct contact or environmental contamination. Most studies have focused on the effects of phthalates on the reproductive tract and have classified these compounds as endocrine disruptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible oxidative damage induced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the mouse testis and to evaluate the regulatory effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA). For this purpose, forty male mice were divided into four experimental groups. Group I received normal saline (2 mL/kg; p.o.) and corn oil (5 mL/kg; p.o.) as the control group, group II received DEHP (2 g/kg; p.o.), group III received DEHP and LA (20 mg/kg; p.o.), and group IV was treated with LA alone; treatments continued for 2 weeks. The glutathione level (GSH), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, was determined in mice. In addition, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. Nitric oxide (NO) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, sperm characteristics, and histological changes of the testes were also evaluated. The results showed that 2 g/kg of DEHP could significantly decrease the sperm motility. Based on our findings, DEHP significantly reduced the production and count of sperms; these toxic effects were associated with alterations in the serum hormone levels. In the DEHP group, a significant reduction was reported in the serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. LA improved DEHP-induced changes in hormonal levels and sperm index. According to our findings, treatment with DEHP triggered histopathological changes and oxidative stress, which were normalized by LA pretreatment. In conclusion, DEHP disrupts the testicular function in rats, at least partly through induction of oxidative stress. On the other hand, LA exhibits potential protective effects on testicular toxicity induced by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Malayeri
- Nab'a Al-Hayat Health Research Center, Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Zhao TX, Wang JK, Shen LJ, Long CL, Liu B, Wei Y, Han LD, Wei YX, Wu SD, Wei GH. Increased m6A RNA modification is related to the inhibition of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced prepubertal testicular injury. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113911. [PMID: 31923814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common environmental endocrine disrupting chemical that may induce male reproductive disorders. Exposure to DEHP at a prepubertal stage could lead to prepubertal testicular injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to 0, 250, and 500 mg DEHP per kg body weight per day at the prepuberty stage from postnatal day 22 (PND 22) to PND 35 by oral gavage. Testicular injury and oxidative stress were evaluated, and the levels of 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and expression of modulator genes for RNA methylation were measured in testes. Furthermore, m6A modification of the important antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 was analyzed using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation qPCR. Our results show that DEHP worsened testicular histology, decreased testosterone concentrations, downregulated expression of spermatogenesis inducers, enhanced oxidative stress, inhibited the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway, and increased apoptosis in testes. Additionally, DEHP increased global levels of m6A RNA modification and altered the expression of two important RNA methylation modulator genes, FTO and YTHDC2. Moreover, m6A modification of Nrf2 mRNA increased upon DEHP exposure. Overall, these findings link oxidative stress imbalance with epigenetic effects of DEHP toxicity and provide insight into the testicular toxicity of DEHP from the new perspective of m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Jun-Ke Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lian-Ju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Chun-Lan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lin-Dong Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Yue-Xin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Sheng-De Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China.
| | - Guang-Hui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
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47
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Wang Z, Tang SF, Hou X. Glutathione peroxidase 6 from Arabidopsis thaliana as potential biomarker for plants exposure assessment to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 229:117955. [PMID: 31887676 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a most abundant plasticizer, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in agriculture with an associated potential toxicity to many species including plants via the production of the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the potential toxic mechanisms of the plasticizer DEHP-induced oxidative damage to plants remain unknown. The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase has been suggested as biomarkers to reflect over excessive oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of DEHP on AtGPX6 was evaluated by multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking method. The fluorescence intensity of AtGPX6 was reduced by the static quenching mechanism upon the addition of DEHP. The predominant forces in complex formation was mainly impelled by hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces based on the negative ΔH and ΔS, which was in accordance with the molecular docking results. In addition, the secondary structural changes resulted from the complex formation were investigated in presence of different amounts of DEHP by the combination of fluorescence, UV-vis absorption and Circular dichroism spectra, which revealed the loosening and unfolding of the framework of AtGPX6 accompanied with the enhancement of the hydrophilicity around the tryptophan residues. The exploration of the interaction mechanism of DEHP with AtGPX6 at molecular level would help to evaluate the toxicity of the plasticizers and forecast the related adverse effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Si-Fu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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48
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Dong XW, Yao SQ, Wu HY, Zhang YB, Wang C, Na XL, Wu WD. Urine Metabonomic Analysis of Interventions Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Rats Exposed to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. Biomed Environ Sci 2020; 33:77-88. [PMID: 32131955 DOI: 10.3967/bes2020.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. As an endocrine disruptor, it seriously threatens human health and ecological environmental safety. This study examines the impact of intervention with soybean isoflavones (SIF) on DEHP-induced toxicity using a metabonomics approach. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into control (H), SIF-treated (A, 86 mg/kg body weight), DEHP-treated (B, 68 mg/kg), and SIF plus DEHP-treated (D) groups. Rats were given SIF and DEHP daily through diet and gavage, respectively. After 30 d of treatment, rat urine was tested using UPLC/MS with multivariate analysis. Metabolic changes were also evaluated using biochemical assays. RESULTS Metabolomics analyses revealed that p-cresol glucuronide, methyl hippuric acid, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, lysophosphatidycholine [18:2 (9Z, 12Z)] {lysoPC [18:2 (9Z, 12Z)]}, lysoPC (16:0), xanthosine, undecanedioic acid, and N6-acetyl-l-lysine were present at significantly different levels in control and treatment groups. CONCLUSION SIF supplementation partially protects rats from DEHP-induced metabolic abnormalities by regulating fatty acid metabolism, antioxidant defense system, amino acid metabolism, and is also involved in the protection of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen Dong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China;Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - San Qiao Yao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hao Yu Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yun Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao Lin Na
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Dong Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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49
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Helmy HS, Senousy MA, El-Sahar AE, Sayed RH, Saad MA, Elbaz EM. Aberrations of miR-126-3p, miR-181a and sirtuin1 network mediate Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular damage in rats: The protective role of hesperidin. Toxicology 2020; 433-434:152406. [PMID: 32050098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, oxidative stress was implicated in the environmental contaminant Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular toxicity, however the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the role of oxidative stress-responsive microRNAs in DEHP-induced aberrations and the protective effect of the citrus flavonoid, hesperidin (HSP). Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups as vehicle-treated control, DEHP-alone group (500 mg/kg/day) for 30 days, and HSP (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 60 days; testicular damage was triggered by oral administration of DEHP (500 mg/kg/day) after thirty days of oral administration of HSP (25 or 50 mg/kg). DEHP administration reduced testis weight coefficient, serum testosterone, testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated serum fatty acid-binding protein-9, testicular malondialdehyde, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Aberrant testicular miR-126-3p and miR-181a expression was observed, along with decreased expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and its targets; nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor2, haeme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase2. HSP administration significantly ameliorated these changes and restored testicular function in a dose-dependent manner. We highlight a novel role of oxidative stress-miR-126/miR-181a-SIRT1 network in mediating DEHP-induced changes which were reversed by the antioxidant HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah S Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elbaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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50
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Shao P, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wen X, Zhang J, Xu Z, Hu M, Jiang J, Liu T. The interference of DEHP in precocious puberty of females mediated by the hypothalamic IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 181:362-369. [PMID: 31212184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
DEHP is reported to cause precocious puberty of females in both humans and rodents, but the underlying mechanisms were largely unknown. This study was designed to clarify the effects and the mechanisms of DEHP on the pathogenesis of sexual precocity. Prepubertal female rats were treated with DEHP for 4 weeks. Key organs were analyzed in control conditions and after exposure to 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg/day DEHP in pubertal female rats. To determine the role of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in DEHP-induced female precocious puberty, 36 rats were treated with 5 mg/kg/day DEHP to establish a model of female precocious puberty. And we investigated the expression of genes and proteins related to IGF-1 pathway in rat hypothalamus after treatment with inhibitors. In the present study, we observed that DEHP treatment resulted in earlier vaginal opening time, higher number of Nissl bodies in the hypothalamus neurons, lower apoptosis of hypothalamic cells, higher IGF-1 and GnRH levels in the serum and hypothalamus. DEHP could also upregulated the expression of IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and GnRH in the hypothalamus of adolescent female rats, and inhibition of IGF-1R and mTOR in hypothalamus could block the activation of Kiss-1, GPR54, and GnRH by DEHP. In summary, our study suggested that DEHP might activate the hypothalamic GnRH neurons prematurely through the IGF-1 signaling pathway and promote GnRH release, leading to the initiation of female sexual development. Our results provide a new molecular mechanism underlying reproductive and developmental toxicity in pubertal female rats induced by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Shao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinggui Wen
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghang Xu
- Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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