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de Saxe C, Ainalis D, Cebon D. A dataset of logistics sites in England and Wales: Location, size, type and loading bays. Data Brief 2024; 54:110399. [PMID: 38690322 PMCID: PMC11058711 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the location and size of logistics sites is essential for the accurate system-level modelling of transport and logistics operations. This is becoming increasingly important to support governments and industry transition to a net zero future which will feature new operating models and vehicle technologies, particularly for electric vehicle operations. In this work we present a dataset of logistics sites across England and Wales categorised into warehouses, retail sites, and factories. There are 47,683 rows of data in total, comprising 27,691 warehouse sites, 6,441 retail sites, and 13,551 factory sites. Each row contains the site's category, location (latitude and longitude), size (in square meters), and modelled number of heavy goods vehicle loading bays. Raw data on non-domestic properties in England and Wales were sourced from the UK's Valuation Agency Office database. Addresses were geocoded to determine the coordinates of each site, floor area was determined for each site via a web crawler script, and the type of site was derived using a keyword-based categorisation process. The size of the site gives an indication of the expected transport activity (i.e. volume of goods handled) and is a useful proxy to estimate the number of loading bays which, in turn, is a useful proxy for the number of electric heavy goods vehicle charging points the site may have to accommodate to support electric vehicle operations. Models relating the floor area to the number of loading bays were developed using satellite imagery of a sample of data from each category. Uncertainty in the geolocation, category and floor area data is deemed to be very low<1%), while the models to predict loading bay data are based on a sample of the overall dataset and subject to higher uncertainty (<20 %). Larger sample datasets and alternative models may be explored in future work to suit other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher de Saxe
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ainalis
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Cebon
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
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Bowdring MA, Leas EC, Vishwakarma M, Schleicher NC, Prochaska JJ, Henriksen L. Kratom availability in California vape shops. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102380. [PMID: 37680858 PMCID: PMC10481347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kratom products are derived from trees native to Southeast Asia and have dose-dependent stimulant and opioid-like effects. Despite being on the Drug Enforcement Administration "Drugs and Chemicals of Concern List," kratom is legal for sale in most US states. However, there are scarce data on its availability. The goal of this study was to examine kratom availability in vape shops across the state of California and assess shop compliance with a local kratom sales ban (enacted in 2016) in San Diego City. As part of a larger study about retail tobacco marketing near colleges, availability of kratom was assessed in summer 2019 in a random sample of 614 vape shops that was stratified to compare stores near (≤ 3 miles) and distant (>3 miles) from colleges. Logistic regression examined kratom availability as a function of store type (stores that sold vape products only vs. stores selling other tobacco), nearness to college, and tract-level demographics. Kratom was available in 62.4% of observed stores and more often in vape-and-smoke (81.1%) than vape-only shops (11.5%, AOR = 40.4, 95% CI = 23.3-74.1). Kratom availability did not differ by nearness to colleges. In San Diego City, 46.2% of observed stores (95% CI = 28.8-64.5) sold kratom products. Findings indicate that kratom was available in the majority of vape shops and most commonly in vape-and-smoke shops. Widespread availability in tobacco specialty shops suggests the need for research on dual use with tobacco, kratom advertising and cross-product promotion, and the potential of state and local tobacco retail licensing to prohibit sales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Bowdring
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric C. Leas
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monika Vishwakarma
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nina C. Schleicher
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Judith J. Prochaska
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Henriksen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Ramsing R, Santo R, Kim BF, Altema-Johnson D, Wooden A, Chang KB, Semba RD, Love DC. Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:291-302. [PMID: 37300651 PMCID: PMC10504201 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compare the retail sales, nutrient profiles, and known health and environmental impacts of the production and consumption of dairy and plant-based milks and identify knowledge gaps for future studies. For our plant-based milk comparisons, we reviewed almond, soy, oat, coconut, rice, pea, cashew, and other plant-based milks as data were available. RECENT FINDINGS The retail unit price of plant-based milks was generally higher than that of cow's milk, making it less accessible to lower-income groups. Many plant-based milks are fortified to match the micronutrient profile of dairy milk more closely. Notable differences remained, especially in protein, zinc, and potassium, depending on the base ingredient and individual product. Some plant-based milks contain added sugar to improve flavor. Plant-based milks were generally associated with lower environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, water use) than cow's milk, with the notable exception of the higher water footprint of almond milk. This review of recent studies and consumer purchases confirmed that retail sales of plant-based milks are increasing and shifting among products. Further research is needed to better characterize the environmental impacts of newer plant-based milks, such as cashew, hemp, and pea milks; consumer attitudes and behavior towards plant-based milks; and the safety and potential health effects related to their long-term and more frequent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ramsing
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Raychel Santo
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent F Kim
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daphene Altema-Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa Wooden
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenjin B Chang
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Human Centered Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Semba
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Young I, Desta BN, Sekercioglu F. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Safety Inspection Outcomes in Toronto, Canada: A Bayesian Interrupted Time Series Analysis. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100138. [PMID: 37544480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in major disruptions to the food service industry and regulatory food inspections. The objective of this study was to conduct an interrupted time series analysis to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food safety inspection trends in Toronto, Canada. Inspection data for restaurants and take-out establishments were obtained from 2017 to 2022 and summarized as weekly counts of inspections, pass ratings, and total infractions. Bayesian segmented regression was conducted to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on weekly infraction and inspection pass rates. On average, a 0.31-point lower weekly infraction rate (95% credible interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.40) and a 2.0% higher probability of passing inspections (95% CI: 1.1%, 3.0%) were predicted in the pandemic period compared to prepandemic. Models predicted lower infraction rates and higher pass rates immediately following the pandemic, with additional variability compared to the prepandemic period, that were regressing back toward pre-pandemic levels in 2022. Seasonal effects were also identified, with infraction rates highest in April and pass rates lowest in August. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an initial positive effect on food safety outcomes in restaurants and take-out food establishments in Toronto, but this effect appears to be temporary. This finding could be due to the beneficial impact of COVID-19 protection measures in these establishments or other factors such as less volume of customers. Additional research is needed to investigate causes of the identified differences as well as seasonal and long-term inspection trends postpandemic. Results can inform future food safety inspection planning, outreach, and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Binyam Negussie Desta
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Fatih Sekercioglu
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Dilley JA, Johnson JK, Colby AM, Sheehy TJ, Muse EJ, Filley JR, Segawa MB, Schauer GL, Kilmer B. Cannabis Retail Market Indicators in Five Legal States in the United States: A Public Health Perspective. Clin Ther 2023; 45:778-786. [PMID: 37455228 PMCID: PMC10521148 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adult-use cannabis markets are operating in multiple US states and abroad. Sales and licensing data for alcohol and tobacco are often used to understand consumption patterns and evaluate policy changes. Cannabis market data may provide similar insights, although these newly legal markets are complex and evolving, and the state data structures can differ. This study describes variations in market indicators and discusses the utility of cannabis market metrics from a public health perspective. METHODS We collected data from 5 early-adopting adult-use cannabis states: Alaska, Colorado, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington. Analyses focused on licensed retail outlets and retail sales revenues (pretax). Monthly data were collected from the opening of each state's adult-use market through June 2022. Joinpoint software was used to assess state trends and identify points of inflection in trends. Average sales per retailer for June 2019 and June 2022 were compared. Also described are retailers and revenue per population for 2022. FINDINGS All states showed 4 distinct periods of growth in retail licensee numbers. The greatest increases typically occurred in the first 3 to 4 months. Growth rates slowed to <1% per month for Colorado, Oregon, and Washington at months 25, 24, and 34, respectively. The number of cannabis retailers per 100,000 residents in June 2022 ranged widely, from 16.8 in Oregon to 3.0 in Massachusetts. Colorado, Oregon, and Washington each showed 4 distinct trend periods in adult-use retail sales: early rapid growth lasting <1 year, subsequent varied growth periods, and then declining sales in the most recent months, following early coronavirus disease 2019 period increases. Sales in Alaska and Massachusetts displayed more stable, consistent growth patterns. Sales per state resident for July 2021 to June 2022 also ranged widely, from $382.97 in Alaska to $180.94 in Washington. IMPLICATIONS We found some consistencies and some variations in both point-in-time measures and trends in states' adult-use cannabis markets. Differences may relate to varied state policies and general contexts (eg, economies). Market data can be useful for public health monitoring, including understanding the effects of policies intended to protect health and safety. States providing publicly accessible cannabis market data create opportunities for such use. Our results underscore the importance of considering individual state regulatory frameworks and implementation timelines in studies of cannabis legalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Dilley
- Program Design and Evaluation Services (PDES), Multnomah County Health Department and Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Julie K Johnson
- Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission (CCC), Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander M Colby
- Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission (CCC), Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J Sheehy
- Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission (OLCC), Milwaukie, Oregon, USA
| | - Eliza J Muse
- Alaska Department of Health, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Mary B Segawa
- Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (WSLCB), Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Gillian L Schauer
- The Cannabis Regulators Association (CANNRA), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beau Kilmer
- RAND Drug Policy Research Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
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Blanco-Lizarazo CM, Sierra-Cadavid A. Prevalence of Escherichia coli generic and pathogenic in pork meat: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:247. [PMID: 37428340 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze scientific information regarding the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli in the production and supply chain of pork meat, considering different types of samples, places of sampling, and pathotypes using a systematic review and meta-analysis tools. The meta-analysis for the prevalence of generic and pathogenic E. coli was conducted by estimating the effects within subgroups. Data subsets were analyzed using the DerSimonian-Laird method for binary random effects. The average prevalence of generic E. coli in different types of pork meat samples was determined to be 35.6% (95% CI 19.3-51.8), with no significant differences observed between pork meat and carcasses. Conversely, the average prevalence of E. coli pathotypes in samples related to the supply chain of pork meat was found to be 4.7% (95% CI 3.7-5.7). In conclusion, these findings suggest the possibility of establishing an objective threshold for E. coli prevalence as a benchmark for comparison within the meat industry. By utilizing this data, it becomes possible to propose a standardized limit that can serve as a reference point for evaluating and improving processes in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla María Blanco-Lizarazo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico CI+D, Industria de Alimentos Zenú, Carrera 64 C # 104-03, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Andrea Sierra-Cadavid
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico CI+D, Industria de Alimentos Zenú, Carrera 64 C # 104-03, Medellín, Colombia
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Brackmann C, Hütsch M, Wulfert T. Identifying Application Areas for Machine Learning in the Retail Sector: A Literature Review and Interview Study. SN Comput Sci 2023; 4:426. [PMID: 37304838 PMCID: PMC10245364 DOI: 10.1007/s42979-023-01888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has the potential to take on a variety of routine and non-routine tasks in brick-and-mortar retail and e-commerce. Many tasks previously executed manually are amenable to computerization using ML. Although procedure models for the introduction of ML across industries exist, the tasks for which ML can be implemented in retail need to be determined. To identify these application areas, we followed a dual approach. First, we conducted a structured literature review of 225 research papers to identify possible ML application areas in retail, as well as develop the structure of a well-established information systems architecture. Second, we triangulated these preliminary application areas with the analysis of eight expert interviews. In total, we identified 21 application areas for ML in online and offline retail; these application areas mainly address decision-oriented and economic-operative tasks. We organized the application areas in a framework for practitioners and researchers to determine appropriate ML use in retail. As our interviewees provided information at the process level, we also explored the application of ML in two exemplary retail processes. Our analysis further reveals that, while ML applications in offline retail focus on the retail articles, in e-commerce the customer is central to the application areas of ML.
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Manthey J, Jacobsen B, Hayer T, Kalke J, López-Pelayo H, Pons-Cabrera MT, Verthein U, Rosenkranz M. The impact of legal cannabis availability on cannabis use and health outcomes: A systematic review. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 116:104039. [PMID: 37126997 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For alcohol, regulating availability is an effective way to reduce consumption and harm. Similarly, the higher availability of medical cannabis dispensaries has been linked to increased cannabis consumption and harm. For recreational cannabis markets, such a link is suspected but still poorly understood. METHODS A systematic literature review (PROSPERO registration number 342357) was conducted on 1 July 2022 in common libraries (Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Psyndex, CINAHL, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane) for publications since 2012. Studies linking variations in the availability of legal cannabis products to behavioral outcomes (cannabis use or related health indicators) were included, while studies focusing solely on the legalization of medical cannabis were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. RESULTS After screening n = 6,253 studies, n = 136 were selected for full-text review, out of which n = 13 met the inclusion criteria, reporting on n = 333,550 study participants and n = 855,630 presentations to emergency departments. All studies were conducted in North America, with the majority from Western US states. Using longitudinal (n = 1), cross-sectional (n = 4), or repeated cross-sectional (n = 8) study designs, an increased availability of legal cannabis was linked to increased current cannabis use and health-related outcomes (vomiting, psychosis, or cannabis-involved pregnancies), regardless of the indicator employed to measure availability (proximity or density) among both adults and adolescents. The positive correlation between cannabis availability and consumption is most pronounced among those groups who have been less exposed to cannabis before legalization. The association between the availability of legal cannabis and risky use indicators was less consistent. CONCLUSIONS Groups who have been least exposed to cannabis before legalization may be most susceptible to increased availability. In jurisdictions with legal cannabis markets, restrictions on the number of legal cannabis retailers, especially in densely populated areas, appear warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Manthey
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Interdisciplinary Addiction and Drug Research, Lokstedter Weg 24, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Britta Jacobsen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Interdisciplinary Addiction and Drug Research, Lokstedter Weg 24, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hayer
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department for Health and Society, Grazerstr. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Kalke
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Interdisciplinary Addiction and Drug Research, Lokstedter Weg 24, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugo López-Pelayo
- Grup de Recerca en Addicions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Unitat de Conductes Addictives, Servei de Psiquiatria Psicologia (ICN), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Pons-Cabrera
- Grup de Recerca en Addicions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Unitat de Conductes Addictives, Servei de Psiquiatria Psicologia (ICN), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uwe Verthein
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Rosenkranz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Interdisciplinary Addiction and Drug Research, Lokstedter Weg 24, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Canhoto AI, Keegan BJ, Ryzhikh M. Snakes and Ladders: Unpacking the Personalisation-Privacy Paradox in the Context of AI-Enabled Personalisation in the Physical Retail Environment. Inf Syst Front 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36684411 PMCID: PMC9840426 DOI: 10.1007/s10796-023-10369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to bring to the physical retail environment the kind of mass personalisation that is already common in online commerce, delivering offers that are targeted to each customer, and that adapt to changes in the customer's context. However, factors related to the in-store environment, the small screen where the offer is delivered, and privacy concerns, create uncertainty regarding how customers might react to highly personalised offers that are delivered to their smartphones while they are in a store. To investigate how customers exposed to this type of AI-enabled, personalised offer, perceive it and respond to it, we use the personalisation-privacy paradox lens. Case study data focused on UK based, female, fashion retail shoppers exposed to such offers reveal that they seek discounts on desired items and improvement of the in-store experience; they resent interruptions and generic offers; express a strong desire for autonomy; and attempt to control access to private information and to improve the recommendations that they receive. Our analysis also exposes contradictions in customers' expectations of personalisation that requires location tracking. We conclude by drawing an analogy to the popular Snakes and Ladders game, to illustrate the delicate balance between drivers and barriers to acceptance of AI-enabled, highly personalised offers delivered to customers' smartphones while they are in-store.
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10
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Rose SW, Annabathula A, Westneat S, van de Venne J, Hrywna M, Ackerman C, Lee JG, Sesay M, Giovenco DP, Spillane T, Hudson SV, Delnevo CD. Neighborhood distribution of availability of newer tobacco products: A US four-site study, 2021. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102028. [PMID: 36325253 PMCID: PMC9619027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Audits of tobacco retailers can identify marketing patterns as newer tobacco products are introduced in the US. Our study examined store and neighborhood correlates of availability of nicotine pouches and disposable e-cigarettes in four US sites. We conducted standardized store audits of n = 242 tobacco retailers in 2021 in different states: New Jersey, Kentucky, North Carolina, and New York. We geocoded stores linking them with census tract demographics. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression of availability of each product with correlates of the proportion of Non-Hispanic White residents, households under poverty, proximity to schools, site, and store type. Nicotine pouches and disposable e-cigarettes were each available in around half the stores overall, but availability differed across sites (range: 76 %-32 %). In adjusted analyses, nicotine pouches were less likely to be available in each store type vs chain convenience (IRR range 0.2-0.6) and more likely in stores in census tracts with a greater percentage of non-Hispanic White residents (IRR range 1.8-2.3). In contrast, disposable e-cigarettes were more likely to be available in tobacco/vape shops (IRR 1.9 (1.4-2.5) than convenience stores and less likely in non-specialty store types like groceries (IRR 0.2 (0.1-0.4). Newer tobacco products like nicotine pouches and disposable e-cigarettes were widely available in stores across sites, but retail marketing patterns appear to differ. As these product types become subject to increased regulation as they go through the FDA pre-market authorization process, understanding patterns and changes in the retail environment is critical to inform potential policies regulating their sale and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyanika W. Rose
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Behavioral Science and Center for Health Equity Transformation, Lexington, KY, USA,University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Arati Annabathula
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Behavioral Science and Center for Health Equity Transformation, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Susan Westneat
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Behavioral Science and Center for Health Equity Transformation, Lexington, KY, USA,University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Judy van de Venne
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Behavioral Science and Center for Health Equity Transformation, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary Hrywna
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Joseph G.L. Lee
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Mahdi Sesay
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Daniel P. Giovenco
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Torra Spillane
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shawna V. Hudson
- Dept of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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11
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Haque M, Bosilevac JM, Chaves BD. A review of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) contamination in the raw pork production chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109832. [PMID: 35834920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections associated with the consumption of contaminated pork highlight the need for increased awareness of STEC as an emerging pathogen in the pork supply chain. The objective of this review is to contribute to our understanding of raw pork products as potential carriers of STEC into the food supply. We summarize and critically analyze primary literature reporting the prevalence of STEC in the raw pork production chain. The reported prevalence rate of stx-positive E. coli isolates in live swine, slaughtered swine, and retail pork samples around the world ranged from 4.4 % (22/500) to 68.3 % (82/120), 22 % (309/1395) to 86.3 % (69/80), and 0.10 % (1/1167) to 80 % (32/40), respectively, depending upon the sample categories, detection methods, and the hygiene condition of the slaughterhouses and retail markets. In retail pork, serogroup O26 was prevalent in the U.S., Europe, and Africa. Serogroup O121 was only reported in the U.S. Furthermore, serogroup O91 was reported in the U.S., Asia, and South American retail pork samples. The most common virulence gene combination in retail pork around the globe were as follows: the U.S.: serogroup O157 + stx, non-O157 + stx, unknown serogroups+stx + eae; Europe: unknown serogroups+(stx + eae, stx2 + eae, or stx1 + stx2 + eae); Asia: O157 + stx1 + stx2 + ehxA, Unknown+stx1 + eaeA + ehxA, or only eae; Africa: O157 + stx2 + eae + ehxA. STEC strains derived from retail pork in the U.S. fall under low to moderate risk categories capable of causing human disease, thus indicating the need for adequate cooking and prevention of cross contamination to minimize infection risk in humans.
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12
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Bonetti F, Montecchi M, Plangger K, Schau HJ. Practice co-evolution: Collaboratively embedding artificial intelligence in retail practices. J Acad Mark Sci 2022; 51:1-22. [PMID: 36035334 PMCID: PMC9390956 DOI: 10.1007/s11747-022-00896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many retailers invest in artificial intelligence (AI) to improve operational efficiency or enhance customer experience. However, AI often disrupts employees' ways of working causing them to resist change, thus threatening the successful embedding and sustained usage of the technology. Using a longitudinal, multi-site ethnographic approach combining 74 stakeholder interviews and 14 on-site retail observations over a 5-year period, this article examines how employees' practices change when retailers invest in AI. Practice co-evolution is identified as the process that undergirds successful AI integration and enables retail employees' sustained usage of AI. Unlike product or practice diffusion, which may be organic or fortuitous, practice co-evolution is an orchestrated, collaborative process in which a practice is co-envisioned, co-adapted, and co-(re)aligned. To be sustained, practice co-evolution must be recursive and enabled via intentional knowledge transfers. This empirically-derived recursive phasic model provides a roadmap for successful retail AI embedding, and fruitful future research avenues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11747-022-00896-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonetti
- Fashion Business Research Centre, Fashion Business School, London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London, 272 High Holborn, London, WC1V7EV UK
| | - Matteo Montecchi
- King’s Business School, King’s College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG UK
| | - Kirk Plangger
- King’s Business School, King’s College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG UK
| | - Hope Jensen Schau
- Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, 1130 E. Helen St., McClelland Hall, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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13
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Steele M, Lambert D, Bissonnette R, Yamamoto E, Hardie K, Locas A. Norovirus GI and GII and hepatitis A virus in berries and pomegranate arils in Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109840. [PMID: 35905649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Between 2016 and 2021, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) collected 4218 samples of fresh and frozen berries (blackberries, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries and mixed berries) and pomegranate arils at retail across 11 major cities in Canada and tested these samples for the presence of norovirus GI, norovirus GII and hepatitis A virus RNA. The purpose of this testing was to provide information on the prevalence of these viruses in berries and pomegranate arils on the Canadian marketplace. Of the 926 fresh fruit samples tested, norovirus GI RNA was detected in one raspberry sample and norovirus GII RNA was detected in one strawberry sample. Of the 3292 frozen fruit samples tested, norovirus GI RNA was detected in one blackberry sample, one raspberry sample and one strawberry sample, and norovirus GII RNA was detected in one blueberry sample, three raspberry samples, four strawberry samples, one pomegranate arils sample and one mixed berry sample. None of the fresh or frozen fruit samples tested positive for hepatitis A virus RNA. No statistically significant associations were observed between the prevalence of viral RNA in samples of fresh and frozen fruit, between the prevalence of viral RNA in samples of domestic and imported fruit or between the prevalence of viral RNA in samples of specific fruit types. Overall, the prevalence of norovirus GI and GII RNA together in fresh and frozen fruit samples in Canada was 0.36 %. The results of this study may be used to refine surveillance programs for norovirus and hepatitis A virus in fresh and frozen berries and pomegranate arils, e.g. by adapting the commodities tested and/or the numbers of planned samples to better target these hazards. This information may also be used to inform other Government of Canada approaches to better understand the controls associated norovirus and hepatitis A virus in fresh and frozen berries and pomegranate arils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Steele
- Food Safety Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0Y9.
| | - Dominic Lambert
- Food Virology National Reference Centre, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe Laboratory, 3400 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe J2S 8E3, QC, Canada
| | - Rachel Bissonnette
- Food Virology National Reference Centre, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe Laboratory, 3400 Casavant Boulevard West, St-Hyacinthe J2S 8E3, QC, Canada
| | - Etsuko Yamamoto
- Food Safety Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Kate Hardie
- Food Safety Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0Y9
| | - Annie Locas
- Food Safety Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0Y9
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14
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Torrens PM. Agent models of customer journeys on retail high streets. J Econ Interact Coord 2022; 18:87-128. [PMID: 35572383 PMCID: PMC9080964 DOI: 10.1007/s11403-022-00350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper, we aim to make the case that a concept from retail analytics and marketing-the customer journey-can provide promising new frameworks and support for agent-based modeling, with a broad range of potential applications to high-resolution and high-fidelity simulation of dynamic phenomena on urban high streets. Although not the central focus of the review, we consider agent-based modeling of retail high streets against a backdrop of broader debate about downtown vitality and revitalization, amid a climate of economic challenges for brick-and-mortar retail. In particular, we consider how agent-based modeling, supported by insights from consideration of indoor shopping, can provide planning and decision support in outdoor high street settings. Our review considers abstractions of customers through conceptual modeling and customer typology, as well as abstractions of retailing as stationary and mobile. We examine high-level agency of shop choice and selection, as well as low-level agency centered on perception and cognition. Customer journeys are most often trips through geography; we therefore review path-planning, generation of foot traffic, wayfinding, steering, and locomotion. On busy high streets, journeys also manifest within crowd motifs; we thus review proximity, group dynamics, and sociality. Many customer journeys along retail high streets are dynamic, and customers will shift their journeys as they come into contact with experiences and service offerings. To address this, we specifically consider treatment of time and timing in agent-based models. We also examine sites for customer journeys, looking in particular at how agent-based models can provide support for the analysis of atmospherics, artifacts, and location-based services. Finally, we examine staff-side agency, considering store staff as potential agents outdoors; and we look at work to build agent-based models of fraud from customer journey analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Torrens
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University, Floor 13, 370 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA
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15
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Herzberg R, Schmidt T, Keck M. Market power and food loss at the producer- retailer interface of fruit and vegetable supply chains in Germany. Sustain Sci 2022; 17:2253-2267. [PMID: 35069917 PMCID: PMC8760580 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Food loss and waste are associated with an unnecessary consumption of natural resources and avoidable greenhouse gas emissions. The United Nations have thus set the reduction of food loss and waste on the political agenda by means of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3. The German Federal Government committed itself to this goal by implementing the National Strategy for Food Waste Reduction in 2019. However, this policy approach relies heavily on voluntary action by involved actors and neglects the possible role of power imbalances along the food supply chain. While current research on food loss and waste in industrialised countries predominantly focuses on the consumer level, this study puts emphasis on the under-researched early stages of the food supply chain from the field to retailers' warehouses. Based on 22 expert interviews with producers, producer organisations and retailers, this article identifies major inter-stage drivers of food loss in the supply chains for fresh fruit and vegetables in Germany. Its main novelty is to demonstrate how market power imbalances and risk shifting between powerful and subordinate actors can reinforce the tendency of food loss on the part of producers further up the supply chain. Results indicate that prevalent institutional settings, such as contractual terms and conditions, trading practices, ordering processes, product specifications, and communication privilege retailers and encourage food loss. The mechanisms in which these imbalances manifest, go beyond the European Commission's current legislation on Unfair Trading Practices. This study suggests a research agenda that might help to formulate adjusted policy instruments for re-structuring the German fruit and vegetable markets so that less food is wasted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-01083-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Herzberg
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Keck
- Chair for Urban Climate Resilience, Center for Climate Resilience, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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16
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Denuwara N, Maijala J, Hakovirta M. The impact of unmanned stores' business models on sustainability. SN Bus Econ 2021; 1:143. [PMID: 34778821 PMCID: PMC8459138 DOI: 10.1007/s43546-021-00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Digitalization and big data are continuing to revolutionize industries impacting the global economy, environment, and society as a whole. The retail industry is not an exception and is facing a paradigm shift in many aspects of its operations. One of the latest innovations in this industry is the development of unmanned stores concepts and business models. These novel business models are mostly used in the grocery stores segment with an impetus to eliminate the need for check-out lines and to create more efficiencies in the whole process of the shopping experience. Because of the disruptive nature of this business model, it is important to research the effects of its expansion into society. In this article, we are making a critical analysis of the sustainability impact of unmanned stores and assess the strategic direction and growth strategies of major corporations and organizations within the value chain. We used an unambiguous and straightforward questionnaire as the research tool and the results show grocery as the current target for expansion, however, future expectations from business developers lean heavily towards coffee and books. Interestingly, the investment logic for expected benefits from the participants seemed to be biased towards efficiencies and the value chain benefits seemed to mostly come from the use of big data and data analytics. The most important use of the data was associated with the dynamic pricing models. Additionally, our study shows interesting insight for example to the growth segments, the role of sustainability, and barriers of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodya Denuwara
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005 USA
| | | | - Marko Hakovirta
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005 USA
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17
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Clark S, Hood N, Birkin M. Identifying the effect of retail brands on private residential rental prices in Great Britain. J Hous Built Environ 2021; 37:1489-1509. [PMID: 34629998 PMCID: PMC8491747 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-021-09904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study extends our understanding of the influence of proximity to retail grocery provision on housing rental prices. To achieve this, extensive data on the size and location of retail outlets are combined with neighbourhood rental values for small areas across a two year period, together with varied contextual data for each area. In order to control the influence of many confounding variables in the determination of housing rentals, the technique of propensity score matching is applied. This provides a sophisticated means for the comparison between areas where there is substantial natural variation, rather than manageable controls. For a variety of types of retail brands, only a significant relationship is found between the proximity of a Premium retail outlet and the housing rental value. The findings of this research allow local planning officers to further understand the impact of planning applications on the potential for gentrification and the affordability of neighbouring housing. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10901-021-09904-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Clark
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and School of Geography, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Nick Hood
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mark Birkin
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and School of Geography, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
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18
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Staudacher P, Brugger C, Winkler MS, Stamm C, Farnham A, Mubeezi R, Eggen RIL, Günther I. What agro-input dealers know, sell and say to smallholder farmers about pesticides: a mystery shopping and KAP analysis in Uganda. Environ Health 2021; 20:100. [PMID: 34470641 PMCID: PMC8411546 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides can have negative effects on human and environmental health, especially when not handled as intended. In many countries, agro-input dealers sell pesticides to smallholder farmers and are supposed to provide recommendations on application and handling. This study investigates the role of agro-input dealers in transmitting safety information from chemical manufacturers to smallholder farmers, assesses the safety of their shops, what products they sell, and how agro-input dealers abide by laws and recommendations on best practices for preventing pesticide risk situations. METHODS Applying a mixed-methods approach, we studied agro-input dealers in Central and Western Uganda. Structured questionnaires were applied to understand agro-input dealers' knowledge, attitude and practices on pesticides (n = 402). Shop layout (n = 392) and sales interaction (n = 236) were assessed through observations. Actual behavior of agro-input dealers when selling pesticides was revealed through mystery shopping with local farmers buying pesticides (n = 94). RESULTS While 97.0% of agro-input dealers considered advising customers their responsibility, only 26.6% of mystery shoppers received any advice from agro-input dealers when buying pesticides. 53.2% of products purchased were officially recommended. Sales interactions focused mainly on product choice and price. Agro-input dealers showed limited understanding of labels and active ingredients. Moreover, 25.0% of shops were selling repackaged products, while 10.5% sold unmarked or unlabeled products. 90.1% of shops were lacking safety equipment. Pesticides of World Health Organization toxicity class I and II were sold most frequently. Awareness of health effects seemed to be high, although agro-input dealers showed incomplete hygiene practices and were lacking infrastructure. One reason for these findings might be that only 55.7% of agro-input dealers held a certificate of competency on safe handling of pesticides and even fewer (5.7%) were able to provide a government-approved up-to-date license. CONCLUSION The combination of interviews, mystery shopping and observations proved to be useful, allowing the comparison of stated and actual behavior. While agro-input dealers want to sell pesticides and provide the corresponding risk advice, their customers might receive neither the appropriate product nor sufficient advice on proper handling. In light of the expected increase in pesticide use, affordable, accessible and repeated pesticide training and shop inspections are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Staudacher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Curdin Brugger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirko S. Winkler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Farnham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Mubeezi
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rik I. L. Eggen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Günther
- Development Economics Group & Center for Development and Cooperation (NADEL), ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 37, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Philp S, Dolega L, Singleton A, Green M. Archetypes of Footfall Context: Quantifying Temporal Variations in Retail Footfall in relation to Micro-Location Characteristics. Appl Spat Anal Policy 2021; 15:161-187. [PMID: 34335998 PMCID: PMC8316544 DOI: 10.1007/s12061-021-09396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The UK retail sector is constantly changing and evolving. The increasing share of online sales and the development of out-of-town retail provision, in conjunction with the 2008-09 economic crisis, have disproportionately impacted high streets and physical retail negatively. Understanding and adapting to these changes is fundamental to the vitality, sustainability and prosperity of businesses, communities and the economy. However, there is a need for better information to support attempts to revitalise UK high streets and retail centres, and advances in sensor technology have made this possible. Footfall provides a commonly used heuristic of retail centre vitality and can be increasingly estimated in automated ways through sensing technology. However, footfall counts are influenced by a range of externalities such as aspects of retail centre function, morphology, connectivity and attractiveness. The key contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how footfall patterns are expressed within the varying context of different retail centre architypes providing both a useful tool for benchmarking and planning; but also making a theoretical contribution to the understanding of retail mobilities. This paper integrates a range of contextual data to develop a classification of footfall sensor locations; producing three representations of sensor micro-locations across Great Britain: chain and comparison retail micro-locations, business and independent micro-locations and value-orientated convenience retail micro-locations. These three groups display distinct daily and weekly footfall magnitudes and distributions, which are attributed to micro-locational differences in their morphology, connectivity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Philp
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Les Dolega
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Alex Singleton
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
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20
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Zenone MA, Snyder J, Crooks V. Selling cannabidiol products in Canada: A framing analysis of advertising claims by online retailers. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1285. [PMID: 34210299 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Canada, the legalization of cannabis has enabled cannabidiol (CBD) to become a popular commercial product, increasingly used for medical or therapeutic purposes. There are currently over one thousand CBD products available globally, ranging from oil extracts to CBD-infused beverages. Despite increased usage and availability, the evidence supporting the medical efficacy of CBD is limited. Anecdotal evidence suggests CBD sellers represent their products for medical use through direct medical claims or advice, which in Canada, is not allowed under the Cannabis Act without Health Canada approval. However, it is not clear the extent of sellers making health claims or other strategies used to promote medical usage of CBD. The objective of this study is to determine how CBD sellers advertise their products online to consumers. Methods The product descriptions of 2165 CBD products from 70 websites selling CBD products for human consumption in Canada were collected from January 14th, 2020 to February 2nd, 2020 using an automated website scraper tool. A framing analysis was used to determine how CBD sellers frame their products to prospective customers. The specific medical conditions CBD is represented to treat and product forms were tabulated. Results CBD products are framed to prospective customer through three distinct frames: a specific cure or treatment (n = 1153), a natural health product (n = 872), and a product used in certain ways to achieve particular results (n = 1388). Product descriptions contained medical or therapeutic claims for 171 medical conditions and ailments, with 53.3% of products containing at least one claim. The most prevalent claims found in product descriptions were the ability to treat or manage pain (n = 824), anxiety (n = 609), and inflammation (n = 545). Claims were found for treating or managing serious and-life-threatening illnesses such as multiple sclerosis (n = 210), arthritis (n = 179), cancer (n = 169), Crohn’s disease (n = 78), Parkinson’s disease (n = 59), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 54). CBD most often came in oil/tincture/concentrate form (n = 755), followed by edibles (n = 428), and vaporizer pen/cartridge/liquid products (n = 290). Conclusion The findings suggest CBD is represented as a medical option for numerous conditions and ailments. We recommend Health Canada to conduct a systematic audit of companies selling CBD for regulatory adherence.
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21
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Kirchner M, Goulter RM, Chapman BJ, Clayton J, Jaykus LA. Cross-Contamination on Atypical Surfaces and Venues in Food Service Environments. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1239-1251. [PMID: 33545714 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cross-contamination of raw food to other surfaces, hands, and foods is a serious issue in food service. With individuals eating more meals away from home, contracting a foodborne illness from a food service establishment is an increasing concern. However, most studies have concentrated on hands or food contact surfaces and neglected atypical and unusual surfaces (surfaces that are not typically identified as a source of cross-contamination) and venues. This review was conducted to identify atypically cross-contaminated surfaces and atypical venues where cross-contamination could occur that have not been examined thoroughly in the literature. Most surfaces that could be at risk for cross-contamination are frequently touched, are rarely cleaned and sanitized, and can support the persistence and/or growth of foodborne pathogens. These surfaces include menus, spice and condiment containers, aprons and coveralls, mobile devices and tablets, and money. Venues that are explored, such as temporary events, mobile vendors, and markets, are usually limited in space or infrastructure, have low compliance with proper hand washing, and provide the opportunity for raw and ready-to-eat foods to come into contact with one another. These factors create an environment in which cross-contamination can occur and potentially impact food safety. A more comprehensive cleaning and sanitizing regime encompassing these surfaces and venues could help mitigate cross-contamination. This review highlights key surfaces and venues that have the potential to be cross-contaminated and have been underestimated or not fully investigated. These knowledge gaps indicate where further work is needed to fully understand the role of these surfaces and venues in cross-contamination and how it can be prevented. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kirchner
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rebecca M Goulter
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Benjamin J Chapman
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | | | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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22
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Li C, Tang H, Wang J, Zhong Z, Li J, Wang H. Field study to characterize customer flow and ventilation rates in retail buildings in Shenzhen, China. Build Environ 2021; 197:107837. [PMID: 36568495 PMCID: PMC9758042 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the customers' exposure risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the retail buildings, i.e., supermarkets and small shops where residents purchase daily necessities is of prime importance during pandemic. In this study, the main influencing factors of the exposure risk of SARS-CoV-2, namely the occupant density, dwell time, and fresh air volume per person, were on-sited measured in 5 supermarkets and 21 small shops in Shenzhen, China. The small shops with an occupant area per person of 4.7 m2/per presented a more crowded environment than the supermarkets with an occupant area per person of 18.8 m2/per. The average dwell time of customers in the supermarkets linearly increased with the floor area and its probability distribution was fitted well by the Gamma distribution with a shape parameter of 3.0. The average dwell time of customers in the supermarkets was relatively longer than the combination of five types of small shops. In addition, the measured average outdoor air change rate of the small shops by natural ventilation was 10.7 h-1, while that of the supermarkets by mechanical ventilation was only 0.7 h-1. Correspondingly, the CO2 concentration in the small shops was 100-150 ppm lower than the supermarkets. The small shops provided an average fresh air volume per person of 216 m3/(h·per), far exceeding the supermarkets with a value of 95 m3/(h·per).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haida Tang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhitao Zhong
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jiaxiong Li
- Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Gómez-Donoso C, Sacks G, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, White CM, Nieto C, Bes-Rastrollo M, Cameron AJ. Public support for healthy supermarket initiatives focused on product placement: a multi-country cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 International Food Policy Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:78. [PMID: 34127002 PMCID: PMC8201822 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food retail environments have an influential role in shaping purchasing behavior and could contribute to improving dietary patterns at a population level. However, little is known about the level of public support for different types of initiatives to encourage healthy food choices in supermarkets, and whether this varies across countries or context. The current study aimed to explore the level of support for three potential supermarket initiatives focused on product placement across five countries, and factors that may influence this support. METHODS A total of 22,264 adults from Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States (US) provided information on support for three supermarket initiatives related to product placement (targeting product positioning: 'checkouts with only healthy products', 'fewer end-of-aisle displays containing unhealthy foods or soft drinks' or availability: 'more shelf space for fresh and healthier foods') as part of the online 2018 International Food Policy Study. The proportion of respondents that supported each initiative was assessed across countries, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors on support. RESULTS The initiative that received the highest support was 'more shelf space for fresh and healthier foods': 72.0% [95% CI 71.3-72.7], whereas 'checkouts with only healthy products' received the lowest support: 48.6% [95% CI 47.8-49.4]. The level of support differed between countries (p < 0.001 for all initiatives), with the US generally showing the lowest support and Mexico the highest. Noteworthy, in the overall sample, there was not much opposition to any of the initiatives (2.5-14.2%), whereas there was a large proportion of neutral responses (25.5-37.2%). Respondents who were older, female, highly educated, and those who reported having more nutrition knowledge tended to be more supportive, with several differences between countries and initiatives. CONCLUSIONS Most people in the assessed five countries showed a generally high level of support for three placement initiatives in supermarkets to encourage healthy food choices. Support varied by type of initiative (i.e., product positioning or availability) and was influenced by several factors related to country context and sociodemographic characteristics. This evidence could prompt and guide retailers and policy makers to take stronger action to promote healthy food choices in stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gómez-Donoso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC, Geelong, 3125, Australia
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Claudia Nieto
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian J Cameron
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC, Geelong, 3125, Australia.
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Abstract
While genetic and hormonal factors likely play a role in the development of obesity, lifestyle issues such as diet and physical activity are main contributors. Lifestyle issues are largely influenced by environmental factors, which pertain not only to access and availability, but exposure to opportunities for unplanned food and beverage purchases. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which candy, snack foods, and sugary beverages are available in checkout lines in a convenience sample retail chain stores in NYC that sell products for children. Non-probability, convenience sampling was used to select a total of 22 stores to visit in person. All stores were visited and the checkout lines were observed, capturing both the checkout style (single lane versus multiple lane; corralled or non-corralled), and the products (if any) being sold. Of the 22 stores surveyed, 17 (77.27%) sold at least one convenience food (candy and snacks), and/or sugary beverages. Among the stores that sell convenience food, nearly all (82.35%) sell candy, 100% of those with no corral-style line and 76.92% of those using a corral-style line. The findings from this study concur with prior research indicating that non-nutritious food items and sugary beverages have a presence at checkout areas of retail stores, thus driving the possibility for impulse buys. Exposure to messaging and ques are potentially influential on public health, and should be a point of reflection in terms of the kinds of policies that can support or hinder public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Basch
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, University Hall 366, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA.
| | - Joseph Fera
- Department of Mathematics, Lehman College, The City University of New York, New York, 10468, USA
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Hernández-F M, Figueroa JL, Colchero MA. Association between density of stores and purchases of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico. Health Place 2021; 68:102528. [PMID: 33662788 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Mexico, purchases of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the number of large supermarkets, discount and convenience stores are growing. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between the density of different types of food stores and ultra-processed food and SSB (taxed beverages) purchases in a representative sample of Mexican households. Results show that the density of convenience stores (national and in urban areas) was significantly associated with higher purchases of ultra-processed food and that supermarkets were marginally associated. Our findings are stronger for beverages where we found that convenience stores, discount stores, small grocery stores and stores speciliazed in selling candies, popsicles, soft drinks and other food were associated with higher purchases of taxed beverages. Mexico should implement or strengthen current policies to reduce purchases of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages and to regulate the location and density of stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Hernández-F
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Figueroa
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Michael JH, Gorucu S. Non-occupational injuries caused by transport packaging: Residential and retail hazards. J Safety Res 2021; 76:9-15. [PMID: 33653573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: Pallets are key components of domestic supply chains, and yet present unique hazards when used by homeowners and retailers for unintended uses. No previous works have investigated non-occupational injuries that occur due to unintentional contact with pallets. This study sought to describe the incidence and epidemiology of non-occupational pallet-related injuries as seen in United States emergency departments (EDs). METHOD The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to derive national, weighted estimates of pallet-related injuries by age, sex, injured body part, and location where injury occurred. Data for the years 2014 to 2018 were analyzed with all relevant narratives reviewed. RESULTS From 2014 to 2018, there were an estimated 30,493 persons who visited an ED for a pallet-related injury. The yearly incidence of pallet injuries rose during this period. The 35-44 age group (n = 5,481) was most likely to be injured, but about 3,000 children and youth under 18 years of age were injured and more than 4,000 persons 65 years of age or older suffered injuries. The elderly were especially likely to suffer injuries from slip, trip and fall incidents. The lower extremities were the most commonly injured body parts. An estimated 3,964 persons, accounting for approximately 14% of all pallet-related injuries, were treated for injuries incurred while at a retail establishment. African Americans, Hispanics, and the elderly appeared to be disproportionately more likely to have pallet-related injuries in retail locations. CONCLUSIONS Non-occupational pallet-related injuries affect a wide range of patients and cause a variety of injuries, with the elderly being especially vulnerable to tripping incidents. Retailer prevention strategies should focus on the misuse of pallets for merchandising purposes. Industry should maintain control of pallets so they are not used for unintended purposes. Practical applications: Retailers should limit the use of pallets for floor-level merchandising purposes and remove pallets from customer-facing locations where unintentional contact could occur. Owners of pallets should maintain them in a controlled supply chain so that they don't leak out into the hands of homeowners. Policy-makers should educate the public about the dangers of used pallets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judd H Michael
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Serap Gorucu
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Mercken E, Van Damme I, Šoba B, Vangeenberghe S, Serradell A, Lumain JPL, De Sterck T, Lalle M, Gabriël S. High occurrence of Anisakidae at retail level in cod ( Gadus morhua) belly flaps and the impact of extensive candling. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2020; 22:e00108. [PMID: 33681486 PMCID: PMC7930124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Anisakidae at retail level, after the routine screening via candling, was investigated in cod, the most commonly consumed fish species in Belgium. A total of 780 pre-packed belly flap samples destined for one branch of retail shops were collected from a Belgian wholesale company. To recover all larvae, each sample was first candled and thereafter enzymatically digested. Larvae were morphologically identified to the genus level and a subset was additionally molecularly confirmed by amplification of the ITS fragment and HinfI/HhaI enzyme restriction. The PCR/RFLP profiles of Contracaecum spp. were determined and confirmed with sequencing by the European Reference Laboratory for Parasites (Istituto Superiore di Sanità). The positivity rate of Anisakidae in the individual cod samples was 18% [95%-CI: 15–21%], with a mean intensity of one larva [range: 1–6]. Belly flaps were sold packed primarily by two, with a one-in-three chance of buying an infected package. Pseudoterranova spp. infections (single infections) were most frequently detected (positivity rate 9% [95%-CI: 7–11]), closely followed by Anisakis spp. (7% [95%-CI: 6–9]). Co-infections of Pseudoterranova spp. and Anisakis spp. comprised 8% of the infections, with a positivity rate of 1% [95%-CI: 1–3%]. All belly flaps reportedly were candled prior to our sampling, nonetheless our results indicated that an additional candling screening before packaging would identify an extra third of the infections and larvae. In 19 of the 139 infected samples, all larvae were recovered by the additional candling, thereby removing the infection risk for consumers. In conclusion, this study shows that cod belly flaps infected with zoonotic parasites reach the Belgian consumer. Although a second candling step at retail level could be helpful in reducing the consumer risk, additional measures are needed since 66% of infections would still remain undetected. 1/5 of the cod belly flaps at the Belgian retail level are infected with Anisakidae. Identified larvae were Pseudoterranova spp. (58%) and Anisakis spp. (41%). A second candling step recovered 31% of the larvae. A second candling step detects all larvae in 14% of the infected samples. Consumers' chance of buying an Anisakidae infected cod package in retail is 34%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mercken
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Van Damme
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Šoba
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S Vangeenberghe
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Serradell
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J P L Lumain
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - T De Sterck
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Lalle
- Unit of foodborne and neglected parasitic diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Gabriël
- Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Kickert C, Vom Hofe R, Haas T, Zhang W, Mahato B. Spatial dynamics of long-term urban retail decline in three transatlantic cities. Cities 2020; 107:102918. [PMID: 32921867 PMCID: PMC7476888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the effects of the centrality, connectivity and agglomeration of retail establishments on their long-term viability in three cities in the United States, United Kingdom and The Netherlands. As retail is declining in all three markets, there is a dearth of knowledge on the spatial patterns of this decline. This obstructs the substantiation of development decisions and public policy on urban retail retention and growth. Without knowing where stores are most at risk of closing, where can we decide to invest or divest? This paper uses a self-built dataset of store locations and store closures over the span of more than a century in the urban cores of Detroit, Michigan; Birmingham, England; and The Hague, The Netherlands. While taking different paths, all three cities have experienced significant retail decline over the past century. The probability of store closure over time is compared to the metric distance of stores to the retail center of gravity (centrality), store location along well-used streets as measured by their Choice value (connectivity), and the number of surrounding stores (agglomeration). These three comparisons are statistically analyzed using simple line regression, panel regression, and spatial autoregressive probit models. Across these models, store closure is most significantly affected by agglomeration, then by centrality, followed by connectivity. The significance of all three measures is strongest in The Hague, followed by Birmingham and Detroit - two cities that experienced large-scale urban renewal and socio-economic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Kickert
- School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Rainer Vom Hofe
- School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | | | - Wen Zhang
- School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Binita Mahato
- Department of Political Science, Auburn University, United States of America
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Bahlinger E, Dorn-In S, Beindorf PM, Mang S, Kaltner F, Gottschalk C, Gareis M, Schwaiger K. Development of two specific multiplex qPCRs to determine amounts of Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Staphylococcus in meat and heat-treated meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108932. [PMID: 33152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Culturing methods are conventionally applied to investigate the contamination of food with several microorganisms after heat processing. However, with these methods, it is not possible to evaluate whether heat-treated meat products, such as cooked sausages, contained parts of spoiled meat. Therefore, two specific multiplex qPCRs were developed in this study in order to determine the microbiological quality of the raw materials used for these products. The PCR targets focused on four bacterial groups often found on meat (family Enterobacteriaceae, genus Pseudomonas, genus Staphylococcus and species Brochothrix thermosphacta). Specificity as well as sensitivity of the developed multiplex qPCRs, validated by using 68 microbial species, were 100%. The applicability of both multiplex qPCRs compared to culturing methods was performed using 96 meat samples (fresh and naturally spoiled) and 12 inhouse-made "Lyoner" sausages containing variable ratios of spoiled meat (0%, 5%, 12% and 25%; n = 3 for each group). Both methods showed similar results by evaluating the ∆log10 cfu/g, the relative accuracy and the t-test analysis (p > 0.05). Comparing qPCR results of the different sausage groups, a significant difference between sausages containing fresh meat and sausages containing spoiled meat (12% and 25%) was found only for Pseudomonas and B. thermosphacta in both raw and cooked sausages. The statistical difference between 5% vs. 12% and 25% spoiled meat in cooked sausages, was also found only for these two bacterial groups. The developed multiplex qPCRs were further applied to 30 commercially available "Bologna-type" sausages. The results showed a total of 14 sausages considered to be suspicious for Food Fraud. While the role of Staphylococcus spp. in meat spoilage remains unclear, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and B. thermosphacta could together be used as an indicator for "spoiled meat" used in sausages. The developed qPCR systems in this study allow the detection of four relevant bacterial groups in the heated Bologna-type sausages and provide information about the hygienic quality of raw materials used. This method could thus be helpful for screening food suspected of Food Fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunike Bahlinger
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Samart Dorn-In
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Philipp-Michael Beindorf
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sirkka Mang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Florian Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Gareis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Food Safety, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85716 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Boelsen-Robinson T, Peeters A, Thow AM, Hawkes C. Barriers and facilitators to implementing a healthier food outlet initiative: perspectives from local governments. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2758-70. [PMID: 32895071 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Local governments have integral roles in contributing to public health. One recent focus has been on how local governments can impact community nutrition by engaging food service outlets to improve their food offer. The Healthier Catering Commitment (HCC) is an initiative where London local governments support takeaways and restaurants to meet centrally defined nutrition criteria on their food options. Using the case of HCC, the current study aims to provide (1) practical learnings of how local governments could facilitate and overcome barriers associated with implementing healthy food service initiatives in general, and (2) specific recommendations for enhancements for HCC. DESIGN Key informant, semi-structured interviews were conducted with local government staff involved in HCC, exploring barriers and facilitators to HCC implementation in food businesses. A thematic analysis approach was used, with results presented according to a logic pathway of ideal implementation in order to provide practical, focused insights. SETTING Local governments implementing HCC. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two individuals supporting HCC implementation. RESULTS Facilitators to implementation included flexible approaches, shared resourcing and strategically engaging businesses with practical demonstrations. Barriers were limited resources, businesses fearing negative customer responses and low uptake in disadvantaged areas. Key suggestions to enhance implementation and impact included offering additional incentives, increasing HCC awareness and encouraging recruited businesses to make healthy changes beyond initiative requirements. CONCLUSIONS In order to facilitate the implementation of healthy food initiatives in food outlets, local governments would benefit from involving their environmental health team, employing community-tailored approaches and focusing on supporting businesses in disadvantaged areas.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Describe the state of knowledge on how the retail food environment contributes to diet-related health and obesity among Indigenous populations, and assess how the literature incorporates Indigenous perspectives, methodologies and engagement throughout the research process. Outcomes included dietary behaviour (purchasing, intakes and diet quality) and diet-related health outcomes (weight-related outcomes, non-communicable diseases and holistic health or definitions of health as defined by Indigenous populations involved in the study). RECENT FINDINGS Of fifty included articles (1996-2019), the largest proportions described Indigenous communities in Canada (20 studies, 40%), the USA (16, 32%) and Australia (9, 18%). Among articles that specified the Indigenous population of focus (42 studies, 84%), the largest proportion (11 studies, 26%) took place in Inuit communities, followed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities (8 studies, 19%). The included literature encompassed four main study designs: type A, dietary intakes of store foods (14 studies, 28%), and type B, store food environments (16, 32%), comprised the greatest proportion of articles; the remainder were type C, store food environments and diet (7, 14%), and type D, store food environment interventions (13, 26%). Of the studies that assessed diet or health outcomes (36, 72%), 22 (61%) assessed dietary intakes; 16 (44%) sales/purchasing; and 8 (22%) weight-related outcomes. Store foods tended to contribute the greatest amount of dietary energy to the diets of Indigenous peoples and increased non-communicable disease risk as compared to traditional foods. Multi-pronged interventions appeared to have positive impacts on dietary behaviours, food purchasing and nutrition knowledge; promotion and nutrition education alone had more mixed effects. Of the nine studies which were found to have strong engagement with Indigenous populations, eight had moderate or high methodological quality. Eighteen studies (36%) did not mention any engagement with Indigenous populations. The literature confirmed the importance of store foods to the total energy intake of the contemporary diets of Indigenous people, the gaps in accessing both retail food environments and traditional foods and the potential for both new dietary assessment research and retail food environment intervention strategies to better align with and privilege Indigenous Ways of Knowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Luongo
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, 2nd floor, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Breanna Phillipps
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ziwa Yu
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, 5869 University Avenue, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Debbie Martin
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Stairs House, 6230 South Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Catherine L Mah
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, 2nd floor, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Rahdari A, Sheehy B, Khan HZ, Braendle U, Rexhepi G, Sepasi S. Exploring global retailers' corporate social responsibility performance. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04644. [PMID: 32835120 PMCID: PMC7424317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Retailers serve as the main interface between business and society. This study explores the Corporate Social Responsibility priorities and performance of the largest 23 global retailers. This set of global retailers, who have a major impact on society, were studied in terms of social, environmental and sustainability practices and strategy, and there performance was analysed and evaluated. The study uses a four-dimensional Social, Economic, Environmental, Supply Chain model for sustainability performance evaluation. We rely on data collected from annual reports, and find that global retailers have addressed the business-society interface in relatively balanced ways for the different dimensions of CSR. Further, our findings indicate that global retailers in different regions have different CSR priorities. In particular, the data indicates that the US retailers place a lower priority on supply chain sustainability performance, followed by the Australians, while European retailers place a higher priority. The study concludes that while global retailers all pay attention to the same dimensions of CSR and do so differently in the different regions, the variation and lack of significant progress indicates that there is a role for stronger government regulation. This study contributes to the literature by shifting the analysis from country to a global level, is more objective in relying on reported data rather than interviews or surveys and provides a new analytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rahdari
- Sustainability Research Group (SRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habib Zaman Khan
- Canberra Business School, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Udo Braendle
- Department of General Business and Management, School of Business Administration, American University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gadaf Rexhepi
- South East European University, Macedonia.,Max van der Stoel Institute, South East European University, Macedonia.,Sustainability Research Group (SRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Skopje, Macedonia
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Unger JB, Vos RO, Wu JS, Hardaway K, Sarain AYL, Soto DW, Rogers C, Steinberg J. Locations of licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers in California: A threat to health equity? Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101165. [PMID: 32714779 PMCID: PMC7378688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether unlicensed and licensed cannabis retailers in California are disproportionately located in neighborhoods with minority populations or populations living below the Federal Poverty Level. We mapped the locations of licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers in California in October 2018, combining advertisements from cannabis websites with licensing data. Demographic characteristics of neighborhoods with and without licensed and/or unlicensed cannabis retailers were compared. We identified 1110 cannabis retailers in California (448 licensed and 662 unlicensed). Relative to neighborhoods without retailers, neighborhoods with retailers had higher proportions of Hispanics, African Americans, and residents living below the poverty level. Compared with neighborhoods with only licensed retailers, neighborhoods with only unlicensed retailers had higher proportions of Hispanics and African Americans, and lower proportions of non-Hispanic whites. Neighborhoods with both licensed and unlicensed retailers had higher proportions of African Americans, Asian Americans, and people living in poverty, relative to neighborhoods with only licensed retailers. Unlicensed retailers were disproportionately located in unincorporated areas and jurisdictions that allow cannabis retailers. Minority populations in California are disproportionately exposed to unlicensed cannabis retailers, potentially exacerbating health disparities by selling unregulated products or selling to minors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Unger
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
- Corresponding author at: Preventive Medicine, 2001 N. Soto St., SSB 302P, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Robert O. Vos
- Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Jasmine Siyu Wu
- Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | | | - Ada Y. Li Sarain
- Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Daniel W. Soto
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | | | - Jane Steinberg
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
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Bedford B, Liggans G, Williams L, Jackson L. Allergen Removal and Transfer with Wiping and Cleaning Methods Used in Retail and Food Service Establishments. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1248-1260. [PMID: 32221544 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Preventing the transfer of allergens from one food to another via food contact surfaces in retail food environments is an important aspect of retail food safety. Existing recommendations for wiping and cleaning food contact surfaces is mainly focused on preventing microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, from contaminating foods. The effectiveness of these wiping and cleaning recommendations for preventing the transfer of food allergens in retail and food service establishments remains unclear. This project investigated (i) allergen removal from surfaces by wiping with paper wipes, terry cloth, and alcohol quaternary ammonium chloride (quat) sanitizing wipes; (ii) cleaning of allergen-contaminated surfaces by using a wash-rinse-sanitize-air dry procedure; and (iii) allergen transfer from contaminated wipes to multiple surfaces. Food contact surfaces (stainless steel, textured plastic, and maple wood) were contaminated with peanut-, milk- and egg-containing foods and subjected to various wiping and cleaning procedures. For transfer experiments, dry paper wipes or wet cloths contaminated with allergenic foods were wiped on four surfaces of the same composition. Allergen-specific lateral flow devices were used to detect the presence of allergen residues on wiped or cleaned surfaces. Although dry wipes and cloths were not effective for removing allergenic foods, terry cloth presoaked in water or sanitizer solution, use of multiple quat wipes, and the wash-rinse-sanitize-air dry procedure were effective in allergen removal from surfaces. Allergens present on dry wipes were transferred to wiped surfaces. In contrast, minimal or no allergen transfer to surfaces was found when allergen-contaminated terry cloth was submerged in sanitizer solution prior to wiping surfaces. The full cleaning method (wash-rinse-sanitize-air dry) and soaking the terry cloth in sanitizer solution prior to wiping were effective at allergen removal and minimizing allergen transfer. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Binaifer Bedford
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-700X [L.J.])
| | - Girvin Liggans
- Retail Food Protection Staff, Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Laurie Williams
- Retail Food Protection Staff, Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Lauren Jackson
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-700X [L.J.])
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35
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Li J, Hallsworth AG, Coca‐Stefaniak JA. Changing Grocery Shopping Behaviours Among Chinese Consumers At The Outset Of The COVID-19 Outbreak. Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr 2020; 111:574-583. [PMID: 32836486 PMCID: PMC7307130 DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the embryonic stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, where most people affected opted to abide by the Chinese government's national self-quarantine campaign. This resulted in major disruptions to one of the most common market processes in retail: food retailing. The research adopts the theory of planned behaviour to provide early empirical insights into changes in consumer behaviour related to food purchases during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Data from the online survey carried out suggest that the outbreak triggered considerable levels of switching behaviours among customers, with farmers' markets losing most of their customers, while local small independent retailers experienced the highest levels of resilience in terms of customer retention. This study suggests avenues for further scholarly research and policy making related to the impact this behaviour may be having around the world on society's more vulnerable groups, particularly the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Li
- University of GreenwichMarketing, Events and Tourism DepartmentBusiness SchoolOld Royal Naval CollegePark RowLondonSE10 9LSUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan G. Hallsworth
- University of PortsmouthMarketing DepartmentSchool of Business and LawRichmond BuildingPortsmouthPO1 3DEUnited Kingdom
| | - J. Andres Coca‐Stefaniak
- University of GreenwichMarketing, Events and Tourism DepartmentBusiness SchoolOld Royal Naval CollegePark RowLondonSE10 9LSUnited Kingdom
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Baker J, Masood M, Rahman MA, Begg S. Levels of support for the licensing of tobacco retailers in Australia: findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2004-2016. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:773. [PMID: 32448121 PMCID: PMC7247215 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing public opinion towards tobacco policies is important, particularly when determining the possible direction of future public health policies. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of tobacco retailer licensing systems by state and territory governments in Australia, and to use the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) to assess levels of public support for a retailer licensing system in each jurisdiction over time and by a range of socio-demographic and behavioural attributes. Methods National and state/territory estimates of public support for a tobacco retailer licensing system were derived as proportions using NDSHS data from 2004 to 2016. The effect of one’s jurisdiction of residence on the likelihood of supporting such an initiative in 2016 was assessed using logistic regression while controlling for various socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Results Public support for a tobacco retailer licensing system ranged from a high of 67.2% (95% CI 66.5–67.9%) nationally in 2007 and declined to 59.5% (95% CI 58.9–60.2%) in 2016. In 2016, support was greatest amongst those from Tasmania, those aged 50 years and older, females, those from the least disadvantaged areas, those living in major cities, never-smokers and never-drinkers. After adjusting for the socio-demographic and behavioural attributes of respondents, those from Queensland were significantly less likely to support a licensing system (adjusted OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.94) compared to those from other jurisdictions, while those from Tasmania were significantly more likely to support a licensing system compared to those from other jurisdictions (adjusted OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.09–1.52). Conclusions A clear majority of the public support a tobacco retailer licensing system, regardless of whether or not such a system is already in place in their jurisdiction of residence. Tobacco control initiatives other than a retailer licensing system may explain some of the residual variations in support observed between jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baker
- Rural Department of Community Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, P.O Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
| | - Mohd Masood
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Begg
- Rural Department of Community Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, P.O Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
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Stead M, Eadie D, McKell J, Sparks L, MacGregor A, Anderson AS. Making hospital shops healthier: evaluating the implementation of a mandatory standard for limiting food products and promotions in hospital retail outlets. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32000746 PMCID: PMC6990565 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The range of products stocked and their promotions in food retail outlets in healthcare settings can affect food choices by staff, patients and visitors. The innovative Scottish Healthcare Retail Standard (HRS) is a national mandatory scheme requiring all hospital food retail outlets to change the balance of food products stocked and their promotion to comply with nutritional criteria and promotional restrictions. The aim is to facilitate healthier food choices in healthcare settings. This study examined the implementation of HRS and the impact on foods stocked and promoted. METHODS The study aimed to examine implementation process and changes to the retail environment in relation to food promotions and choice. A sample of hospital retail outlets (n = 17) including shops and trolley services were surveyed using a mixed methods design comprising: (a) structured observational audits of stock, layout and promotions (with a specific focus on chocolate and fruit product lines), and (b) face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the shop manager or nominated members of staff (n = 32). Data were collected at Wave 1 (2016), at the beginning and during the early stages of HRS implementation; and Wave 2, 12 months later, after the HRS implementation deadline. RESULTS All outlets, both commercial and not-for-profit, in the sample successfully implemented HRS. Implementation was reported to be more challenging by independent shop managers compared to chain store staff. Retail managers identified areas where more implementation guidance and support could have been provided. The number of chocolate product lines and promotions reduced substantially between Waves 1 and 2, but with no substantial increase in fruit product lines and promotions. Despite initial negative expectations of HRS's impact, managers identified some opportunities in the scheme and positive changes in the supply chain. CONCLUSIONS Positive changes in food retail outlets occurred after hospital shops were required to implement HRS. By creating a consistent approach across hospital shops in Scotland, HRS changed the food retail environment for hospital staff, visitors and patients. HRS provides a regulatory template and implementation learning points for influencing retail environments in other jurisdictions and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Stead
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Douglas Eadie
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jennifer McKell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Leigh Sparks
- Institute for Retail Studies, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Annie S. Anderson
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
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García-Frutos R, Martínez-Chávez L, Cabrera-Díaz E, Gutiérrez-González P, Montañez-Soto JL, Varela-Hernández JJ, Martínez-Gonzáles NE. Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Indicator Microorganisms on Hass Avocados Sold at Retail Markets in Guadalajara, Mexico. J Food Prot 2020; 83:75-81. [PMID: 31851548 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hass avocados may become contaminated with Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes at the farm and the packing facility or later during transportation and at retail. In Mexico, avocados are frequently sold in bulk at retail markets, where they are stored at room temperature for several hours or days and exposed to potential sources of microorganisms. These conditions may favor the entry, adhesion, survival, and biofilm formation of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and other Listeria species and the levels of indicator microorganisms on the surface of avocados sold at retail markets. A total of 450 samples (Persea americana var. Hass) were acquired from retail markets located in Guadalajara, Mexico. One group of 225 samples was evaluated for the presence of Salmonella and for enumeration of aerobic plate counts, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The other 225 samples were processed for isolation of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species. Microbial counts (log CFU per avocado) were 4.3 to 9.0 for aerobic plate counts, 3.3 to 7.1 for yeasts and molds, 3.3 to 8.2 for Enterobacteriaceae, 3.3 to 8.4 for coliforms, and 3.3 to 6.2 for E. coli. Eight samples (3.5%) were positive for Salmonella. Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes were detected in 31 (13.8%) and 18 (8.0%) of 225 samples, respectively. Listeria innocua, Listeria welshimeri, and Listeria grayi were isolated from 7.6, 1.3, and 0.9% of samples. These results indicate that avocados may carry countable levels of microorganisms and could be a vehicle for transmission of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón García-Frutos
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Michoacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Justo Sierra No. 28, Jiquilpan, Michoacán 59510, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-4664 [J.L.M.-S])
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-937X [L.M.-C.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5144-0151 [P.G.-G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-4866 [N.E.M.-G.])
| | - Elisa Cabrera-Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Zapopan, Jalisco 45200, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1970-2104 [E.C.-D.])
| | - Porfirio Gutiérrez-González
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-937X [L.M.-C.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5144-0151 [P.G.-G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-4866 [N.E.M.-G.])
| | - José Luis Montañez-Soto
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Michoacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Justo Sierra No. 28, Jiquilpan, Michoacán 59510, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-4664 [J.L.M.-S])
| | - Juan José Varela-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, CUCIENEGA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco 47820, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-0322 [J.J.V.-H.])
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, México (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-937X [L.M.-C.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5144-0151 [P.G.-G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-4866 [N.E.M.-G.])
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Álvarez-Rodríguez C, Martín-Gamboa M, Iribarren D. Sustainability-oriented management of retail stores through the combination of life cycle assessment and dynamic data envelopment analysis. Sci Total Environ 2019; 683:49-60. [PMID: 31129331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A sound management of retail stores is a crucial aspect in the path towards a sustainable commercial sector, with a lack of research studies in the field of joint efficiency and sustainability assessment within this sector. In this sense, this work delves into the role of operational efficiency in the sustainability-oriented management of retail stores through the case study of 30 groceries in Spain over the period 2015-2017. With this purpose, and given the current knowledge gap in period-oriented sustainability benchmarking for management plans, for the first time a five-step methodological framework based on the combination of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was proposed and applied to a case study within the service sector. The overall- and term-efficiency scores calculated through this method led to the general conclusion of a relatively good performance of the set of grocery stores over the evaluated period, which is associated with the centralised management strategy followed by the retail company. Furthermore, operational, socio-economic and environmental benchmarks were calculated as target values that could assist decision-makers at the retail company level in setting the path for a sustainable operation of the company's stores. Overall, the proposed period-oriented LCA + DEA method proved to be a feasible and valuable tool for sustainability management of retail stores, being preferred over the static (i.e., single term) alternative provided that time-series data are available at the company level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Martín-Gamboa
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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40
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Giovenco DP, Spillane TE, Wong BA, Wackowski OA. Characteristics of storefront tobacco advertisements and differences by product type: A content analysis of retailers in New York City, USA. Prev Med 2019; 123:204-207. [PMID: 30930262 PMCID: PMC6534426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco companies in the U.S. spend billions of dollars advertising at the point-of-sale. Using photographs of storefront tobacco ads in New York City (NYC), we conducted a content analysis to describe the prevalence of common features across four product categories and illuminate ways in which they may influence behavior. In 2017, data collectors photographed exterior ads from a representative sample of tobacco retailers in NYC (n = 796). We coded each ad (n = 976) for the presence of various characteristics (e.g., brand, price displays, warning labels, menthol/flavors, size, location). Chi-square tests examined differences by product type. Most ads were for cigarettes (40%), followed by electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, 27.9%), cigars (26.9%), and smokeless tobacco (5.2%). Over half of cigarette and smokeless tobacco ads promoted a menthol or flavored style (61% each), compared to about a quarter of cigar (25.9%) and ENDS ads (30.3%, p < .0001). Cigar and ENDS ads, however, were more frequently placed directly on the door of entry (49.4% and 46.7%, respectively, p < .001). Only 5% of ENDS ads displayed a standard warning label. Notably, a quarter of all tobacco ads (23.4%) were for the brand Newport. Cigarette ads still dominate at the point-of-sale with regard to volume and size. Across all products, ad features did not always align with local and federal policies (e.g., flavor bans, warning label mandates). Continued surveillance of advertising strategies and policy compliance can help provide the evidence base needed to inform marketing regulations that reduce the deadly burden of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Giovenco
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, 722 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Torra E Spillane
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, 722 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bryce A Wong
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, 722 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Studies, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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41
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Cook N, Williams L, D'Agostino M. Prevalence of Norovirus in produce sold at retail in the United Kingdom. Food Microbiol 2019; 79:85-89. [PMID: 30621879 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To acquire data on contamination with Norovirus in berry fruit and salad vegetables in the United Kingdom, one thousand one hundred and fifty two samples of fresh produce sold at retail in the UK were analysed for Norovirus. Of 568 samples of lettuce, 30 (5.3%) were Norovirus-positive. Most (24/30) lettuce samples which tested positive for Norovirus were grown in the UK and 19 of those 24 samples contained NoV GI. Seven/310 (2.3%) samples of fresh raspberries were Norovirus-positive. Most (6/7) of the positively-testing fresh raspberry samples were imported, but no predominance of a genogroup, or any seasonality, was observed. Ten/274 (3.6%) samples of frozen raspberries were Norovirus-positive. The country of origin of the positively-testing frozen raspberry samples was not identified in most (7/10) instances. The collected data add to the currently limited body of prevalence information on Norovirus in fresh produce, and indicate the need for implementation of effective food safety management of foodborne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Cook
- Jorvik Food and Environmental Virology Ltd, York, UK; Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | | | - Martin D'Agostino
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK; Campden BRI, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, GL55 6LD, UK
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42
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Santillana Farakos SM, Pouillot R, Davidson GR, Johnson R, Son I, Anderson N, VAN Doren JM. A Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Salmonellosis from Consumption of Walnuts in the United States. J Food Prot 2019; 82:45-57. [PMID: 30586329 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the risk of human salmonellosis from consumption of shelled walnuts in the United States and the impact of 0- to 5-log reduction treatments for Salmonella during processing. We established a baseline model with Salmonella contamination data from 2010 to 2013 surveys of walnuts from California operations to estimate baseline prevalence and levels of Salmonella during preshelling storage and typical walnut processing stages, considered U.S. consumption data, and applied an adapted dose-response model from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization to evaluate risk of illness per serving and per year. Our baseline model predicted 1 case of salmonellosis per 100 million servings (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 case per 3 million to 1 case per 2 billion servings) of walnuts untreated during processing and uncooked by consumers, resulting in an estimated 6 cases of salmonellosis per year (95% CI, <1 to 278 cases) in the United States. A minimum 3-log reduction treatment for Salmonella during processing of walnuts eaten alone or as an uncooked ingredient resulted in a mean risk of <1 case per year. We modeled the impact on risk per serving of three atypical situations in which the Salmonella levels were increased by 0.5 to 1.5 log CFU per unit pretreatment during processing at the float tank or during preshelling storage or posttreatment during partitioning into consumer packages. No change in risk was associated with the small increase in levels of Salmonella at the float tank, whereas an increase in risk was estimated for each of the other two atypical events. In a fourth scenario, we estimated the risk per serving associated with consumption of walnuts with Salmonella prevalence and levels from a 2014 to 2015 U.S. retail survey. Risk per serving estimates were two orders of magnitude larger than those of the baseline model without treatment. Further research is needed to determine whether this finding reflects variability in Salmonella contamination across the supply or a rare event affecting a portion of the supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Santillana Farakos
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Régis Pouillot
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Gordon R Davidson
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Rhoma Johnson
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Insook Son
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Nathan Anderson
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, USA
| | - Jane M VAN Doren
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland 20740 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
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Kędzierska-Matysek M, Florek M, Wolanciuk A, Barłowska J, Litwińczuk Z. Concentration of Minerals in Nectar Honeys from Direct Sale and Retail in Poland. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:579-588. [PMID: 29619631 PMCID: PMC6208848 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the content of selected minerals in different nectar honeys (acacia, buckwheat, raspberry, linden, rapeseed, and multifloral) available on the Polish market. The degree to which the demand for eight minerals (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) by adults is met by a portion of 100 g of honey was estimated as well. The material consisted of 34 artisanal honeys from direct sale and 34 samples purchased from retail stores. The artisanal honeys contained significantly more K, Mg, and Mn, but significantly less Na and Fe than the honeys purchased from the retail stores. The raspberry honey contained significantly the most K and Ca (1104.7 and 68.8 mg kg-1), the multifloral honey contained the most Ca and Mg (68.5 and 48.0 mg kg-1), and the buckwheat honey contained the most Zn and Mn (3.97 and 4.96 mg kg-1). The highest content of Na was shown in buckwheat and linden honeys (79.1 and 80.0 mg kg-1). Consumption of 100 g of honey from direct sale satisfied from 2.5 to 4.5% of the recommended intakes for K and from 10.4 to 17.3% for Mn, while the same portion of honey from retail satisfied from 1.6 to 4.8% for Fe, and from 2.3 to 6.1% for Zn and Cu. The buckwheat honey met to the greatest degree the recommended dietary intakes for Mn (16.5-27.6%), followed by raspberry honey (10.0-16.7%) and multifloral honey (6.9-11.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kędzierska-Matysek
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Wolanciuk
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Barłowska
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Litwińczuk
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Githinji GG, Njine N, Njihia J, Mwihia J, Ransom J. Potassium iodate levels in processed edible salts available in retail shops throughout Kenya, 2013. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2482-4. [PMID: 29669614 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iodine-deficiency disorders, due to insufficiency of iodine in the diet, are a global public health problem. The Kenyan Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act stipulates that processed retail-available edible salts contain 50-84 mg of potassium iodate (KIO3) per kilogram of salt. The present study determined the status of KIO3 levels in commercial salts, for public health action.Design/Setting/SubjectsAs part of the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2013, field workers collected salt samples from seven different local manufacturers/packers across eight regions of the country and sent them to the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) for KIO3 titration analysis. RESULTS A total of 539 samples were collected and analysed at NPHL. The samples had a mean KIO3 of 62 mg/kg. Thirty-three (6 %) samples had KIO3 of 84 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The study found that 62 % of salts sampled met the Kenyan standards, 24 % were below the required limits and 13 % were above the recommended range. Continuous monitoring of edible salts at the retail level is important to detect brands not adhering to standards and trace them for remedy. However, governmental efforts should be directed to the quality control and quality assurance of the salt-manufacturing industries.
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Bostean G, Sanchez L, Lippert AM. Sociodemographic disparities in e-cigarette retail environment: Vape stores and census tract characteristics in Orange County, CA. Health Place 2018; 50:65-72. [PMID: 29414423 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research shows disproportionate availability of tobacco retailers in disadvantaged neighborhoods, but little is known about the neighborhood correlates of e-cigarette specialty retailers (i.e., "vape stores"). We compiled addresses for all vape stores in Orange County (OC) (n = 174), CA, using a systematic internet search. Using American Community Survey data, we investigated the spatial structure and census tract correlates of vape store count. 23.4% of census tracts had at least one vape store, and those areas had higher percentage Hispanic population. Multivariate zero-inflated Poisson regressions revealed a higher incidence rate of vape stores in tracts with larger proportions of Hispanics, lower population density, and greater tobacco retailer density, net of other sociodemographic factors and zoning. These results suggest nicotine control initiatives in the age of e-cigarettes must consider the locational strategies of e-cigarette retailers, which are more common in Hispanic communities and areas already marked by tobacco retail activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Sociology Department and Environmental Science&Policy Program, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, United States.
| | - Luis Sanchez
- Sociology Department, California State University, Channel Islands, United States
| | - Adam M Lippert
- Sociology Department, University of Colorado, Denver, United States
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Ribisl KM, D'Angelo H, Feld AL, Schleicher NC, Golden SD, Luke DA, Henriksen L. Disparities in tobacco marketing and product availability at the point of sale: Results of a national study. Prev Med 2017; 105:381-8. [PMID: 28392252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neighborhood socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities exist in the amount and type of tobacco marketing at retail, but most studies are limited to a single city or state, and few have examined flavored little cigars. Our purpose is to describe tobacco product availability, marketing, and promotions in a national sample of retail stores and to examine associations with neighborhood characteristics. METHODS At a national sample of 2230 tobacco retailers in the contiguous US, we collected in-person store audit data on: Availability of products (e.g., flavored cigars), quantity of interior and exterior tobacco marketing, presence of price promotions, and marketing with youth appeal. Observational data were matched to census tract demographics. RESULTS Over 95% of stores displayed tobacco marketing; the average store featured 29.5 marketing materials. 75.1% of stores displayed at least one tobacco product price promotion, including 87.2% of gas/convenience stores and 85.5% of pharmacies. 16.8% of stores featured marketing below three feet, and 81.3% of stores sold flavored cigars, both of which appeal to youth. Stores in neighborhoods with the highest (vs. lowest) concentration of African-American residents had more than two times greater odds of displaying a price promotion (OR=2.1) and selling flavored cigars (OR=2.6). Price promotions were also more common in stores located in neighborhoods with more residents under age 18. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Tobacco companies use retail marketing extensively to promote their products to current customers and youth, with disproportionate targeting of African Americans. Local, state, and federal policies are needed to counteract this unhealthy retail environment.
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Zhang G, Hu L, Pouillot R, Tatavarthy A, Doren JMV, Kleinmeier D, Ziobro GC, Melka D, Wang H, Brown EW, Strain E, Bunning VK, Musser SM, Hammack TS. Prevalence of Salmonella in 11 Spices Offered for Sale from Retail Establishments and in Imported Shipments Offered for Entry to the United States. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1791-1805. [PMID: 28981375 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducted a survey to evaluate Salmonella prevalence and aerobic plate counts in packaged (dried) spices offered for sale at retail establishments in the United States. The study included 7,250 retail samples of 11 spice types that were collected during November 2013 to September 2014 and October 2014 to March 2015. No Salmonella-positive samples (based on analysis of 125 g) were found among retail samples of cumin seed (whole or ground), sesame seed (whole, not roasted or toasted, and not black), and white pepper (ground or cracked), for prevalence estimates of 0.00% with 95% Clopper and Pearson's confidence intervals of 0.00 to 0.67%, 0.00 to 0.70%, and 0.00 to 0.63%, respectively. Salmonella prevalence estimates (confidence intervals) for the other eight spice types were 0.19% (0.0048 to 1.1%) for basil leaf (whole, ground, crushed, or flakes), 0.24% (0.049 to 0.69%) for black pepper (whole, ground, or cracked), 0.56% (0.11 to 1.6%) for coriander seed (ground), 0.19% (0.0049 to 1.1%) for curry powder (ground mixture of spices), 0.49% (0.10 to 1.4%) for dehydrated garlic (powder, granules, or flakes), 0.15% (0.0038 to 0.83%) for oregano leaf (whole, ground, crushed, or flakes), 0.25% (0.03 to 0.88%) for paprika (ground or cracked), and 0.64% (0.17 to 1.6%) for red pepper (hot red pepper, e.g., chili, cayenne; ground, cracked, crushed, or flakes). Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and genomes were sequenced. Samples of these same 11 spice types were also examined from shipments of imported spices offered for entry to the United States from 1 October 2011 to 30 September 2015. Salmonella prevalence estimates (based on analysis of two 375-g composite samples) for shipments of imported spices were 1.7 to 18%. The Salmonella prevalence estimates for spices offered for sale at retail establishments for all of the spice types except dehydrated garlic and basil were significantly lower than estimates for shipments of imported spice offered for entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Lijun Hu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Régis Pouillot
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Aparna Tatavarthy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Jane M Van Doren
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Daria Kleinmeier
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - George C Ziobro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - David Melka
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Hua Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Eric W Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Errol Strain
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Vincent K Bunning
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Steven M Musser
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
| | - Thomas S Hammack
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-5212 [R.P.])
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Abstract
Cut produce continues to constitute a significant portion of the fresh fruit and vegetables sold directly to consumers. As such, the safety of these items during storage, handling, and display remains a concern. Cut tomatoes, cut leafy greens, and cut melons, which have been studied in relation to their ability to support pathogen growth, have been specifically identified as needing temperature control for safety. Data are needed on the growth behavior of foodborne pathogens in other types of cut produce items that are commonly offered for retail purchase and are potentially held without temperature control. This study assessed the survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cut produce items that are commonly offered for retail purchase, specifically broccoli, green and red bell peppers, yellow onions, canned green and black olives, fresh green olives, cantaloupe flesh and rind, avocado pulp, cucumbers, and button mushrooms. The survival of L. monocytogenes strains representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b was determined on the cut produce items for each strain individually at 5, 10, and 25°C for up to 720 h. The modified Baranyi model was used to determine the growth kinetics (the maximum growth rates and maximum population increases) in the L. monocytogenes populations. The products that supported the most rapid growth of L. monocytogenes, considering the fastest growth and resulting population levels, were cantaloupe flesh and avocado pulp. When stored at 25°C, the maximum growth rates for these products were 0.093 to 0.138 log CFU/g/h and 0.130 to 0.193 log CFU/g/h, respectively, depending on the strain. Green olives and broccoli did not support growth at any temperature. These results can be used to inform discussions surrounding whether specific time and temperature storage conditions should be recommended for additional cut produce items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle K Salazar
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, Office of Food Safety, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
| | - Surasri N Sahu
- 3 Illinois Institute of Technology, Institute for Food Safety and Health, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501; and
| | - Ian M Hildebrandt
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, Office of Food Safety, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
| | - Lijie Zhang
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Virulence Assessment, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Yan Qi
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Virulence Assessment, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708
| | - Girvin Liggans
- 4 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Retail Food Protection Staff, Office of Food Safety, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Atin R Datta
- 3 Illinois Institute of Technology, Institute for Food Safety and Health, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501; and
| | - Mary Lou Tortorello
- 1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, Office of Food Safety, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
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Luchansky JB, Chen Y, Porto-Fett ACS, Pouillot R, Shoyer BA, Johnson-DeRycke R, Eblen DR, Hoelzer K, Shaw WK, van Doren JM, Catlin M, Lee J, Tikekar R, Gallagher D, Lindsay JA, Dennis S. Survey for Listeria monocytogenes in and on Ready-to-Eat Foods from Retail Establishments in the United States (2010 through 2013): Assessing Potential Changes of Pathogen Prevalence and Levels in a Decade. J Food Prot 2017; 80:903-921. [PMID: 28437165 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A multiyear interagency Listeria monocytogenes Market Basket Survey was undertaken for selected refrigerated ready-to-eat foods purchased at retail in four FoodNet sites in the United States. Food samples from 16 food categories in six broad groups (seafood, produce, dairy, meat, eggs, and combination foods) were collected weekly at large national chain supermarkets and independent grocery stores in California, Maryland, Connecticut, and Georgia for 100 weeks between December 2010 and March 2013. Of the 27,389 total samples, 116 samples tested positive by the BAX PCR system for L. monocytogenes , and the pathogen was isolated and confirmed for 102 samples. Among the 16 food categories, the proportion of positive samples (i.e., without considering clustering effects) based on recovery of a viable isolate of L. monocytogenes ranged from 0.00% (95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.18) for the category of soft-ripened and semisoft cheese to 1.07% (0.63, 1.68) for raw cut vegetables. Among the 571 samples that tested positive for Listeria-like organisms, the proportion of positive samples ranged from 0.79% (0.45, 1.28) for soft-ripened and semisoft cheese to 4.76% (2.80, 7.51) for fresh crab meat or sushi. Across all 16 categories, L. monocytogenes contamination was significantly associated with the four states (P < 0.05) but not with the packaging location (prepackaged by the manufacturer versus made and/or packaged in the store), the type of store (national chain versus independent), or the season. Among the 102 samples positive for L. monocytogenes , levels ranged from <0.036 most probable number per g to 6.1 log CFU/g. For delicatessen (deli) meats, smoked seafood, seafood salads, soft-ripened and semisoft cheeses, and deli-type salads without meat, the percentage of positive samples was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in this survey than that reported a decade ago based on comparable surveys in the United States. Use of mixed logistic regression models to address clustering effects with regard to the stores revealed that L. monocytogenes prevalence ranged from 0.11% (0.03, 0.34) for sprouts (prepackaged) to 1.01% (0.58, 1.74) for raw cut vegetables (prepackaged).
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Luchansky
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Anna C S Porto-Fett
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038
| | - Régis Pouillot
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Bradley A Shoyer
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038
| | - Rachel Johnson-DeRycke
- 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Patriots Plaza III, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20250
| | - Denise R Eblen
- 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Patriots Plaza III, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20250
| | - Karin Hoelzer
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - William K Shaw
- 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Patriots Plaza III, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20250
| | - Jane M van Doren
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Michelle Catlin
- 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Patriots Plaza III, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20250
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- 4 Department of Food Science, Drexel University, 101 North 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Rohan Tikekar
- 4 Department of Food Science, Drexel University, 101 North 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Daniel Gallagher
- 5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 409 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - James A Lindsay
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038
| | | | - Sherri Dennis
- 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740
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Ma H, Su Y, Ma L, Ma L, Li P, Du X, Gölz G, Wang S, Lu X. Prevalence and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Retail Chicken in Tianjin, China. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1032-1040. [PMID: 28504616 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide; however, there is a lack of information on the prevalence and antibiotic-resistant profile of C. jejuni in the People's Republic of China. We determined the prevalence and characteristics of C. jejuni on the retail level in Tianjin, one of the five national central cities in China. A total of 227 samples of chicken wings, legs, and breasts were collected from supermarkets and wet markets; 42 of these samples were confirmed to be positive for Campylobacter contamination. The contamination rates of C. jejuni and other Campylobacter species were 13.7% (31 of 227 samples) and 5.7% (13 of 227 samples), respectively. A group of 31 C. jejuni isolates was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All (100%) the selected isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid; 77.4% were resistant to tetracycline, 67.7% to doxycycline, 35.5% to gentamicin, 25.8% to clindamycin and florfenicol, 19.4% to chloramphenicol, and 12.9% to erythromycin and azithromycin. A remarkably high proportion (41.9%) of multidrug-resistant isolates was identified. Multilocus sequence typing was conducted to study the population structure of the C. jejuni strains and their relationship to human isolates. The correlation between antimicrobial resistance traits and certain sequence types (STs) or clonal complexes was determined as well. A great genetic diversity of poultry isolates was identified, with 11 STs belonging to 6 clonal complexes and 11 singleton STs. The novel STs accounted for 40.9% (n = 9) of the 22 STs. ST-21, ST-353, ST-354, ST-443, ST-607, and ST-828 complexes had been previously identified from human isolates. This study revealed an extensive level of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in C. jejuni isolated from chicken products in Tianjin, highlighting the necessity of performing enforced interventions to reduce Campylobacter prevalence in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- 1 Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.,2 Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Yulan Su
- 1 Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.,2 Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Luyao Ma
- 2 Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Lina Ma
- 2 Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Ping Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Du
- 1 Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Greta Gölz
- 3 Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Shuo Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- 2 Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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