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Duan Z, Huang K, Huang W, Wang B, Shi J, Xia H, Li F. Bacterial dispersal enhances the elimination of active fecal coliforms during vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes: The overlooked role of earthworm mucus. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134280. [PMID: 38636233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms play a pivotal role in the elimination of fecal coliforms during vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable waste (FVWs). However, the specific mechanisms underlying the action of earthworm mucus remain unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of fecal coliform reduction related to earthworm mucus during FVWs vermicomposting by comparing treatments with and without earthworms. The results show that the secretion of earthworm mucus decreased by 13.93 % during the startup phase, but significantly (P < 0.001) increased by 57.80 % during the degradation phase. Compared to the control without earthworms, vermicomposting led to a significant (P < 0.05) 1.22 -fold increase in the population of active bacteria, with a strong positive correlation between mucus characteristics and dominant bacterial phyla. As the dominant fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae significantly (P < 0.05) declined by 86.20 % and 93.38 %, respectively, in the vermi-reactor relative to the control. Bacterial dispersal limitation served as a key factor constraining the elimination of E. coli (r = 0.73, P < 0.01) and K. pneumoniae (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) during vermicomposting. This study suggests that earthworm mucus increases the active bacterial abundance and cooperation by weakening the bacterial dispersal limitation, thus intensifying competition and antagonism between fecal coliforms and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Duan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Wenqi Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bangchi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiwei Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fusheng Li
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Hailu F, Hassen S, Hussen S, Belete E, Alemu T. Evaluation of different fertilizer sources for sustainable carrot production in Tehuledere district, northern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29693. [PMID: 38699734 PMCID: PMC11063451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for organic agriculture has been growing due to concerns about the environmental and health impacts of chemical-intensive farming. The study aimed to investigate the effects organic fertilizers on carrot (Nantes) growth and yield in Tehuledere district. The experiment was conducted at two sites (Gobeya and Libannos) using four fertilizer types (vermicompost, conventional compost, mixture of the two, and inorganic fertilizer) and a control. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications, and data were analyzed using R-software. The study analyzed various growth (emergence percentage, plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight of leaves), and yield (root length, root diameter, fresh weight of roots, marketable root yield, unmarketable root yield, and total root yield) parameters. Generally, fertilizer application improved (p < 0.001) growth and yield compared to the control. Vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer (NPSB) showed similar results (p > 0.001) but the highest values (p < 0.001) for most of the parameters (marketable yield was 41.7 t/ha±0.76 for vermicompost and 42.5 t/ha±1.14 for NPSB). However, NPSB could pose negative environmental impact that could not result in sustainability if used in excess and inappropriate (method and time) in particular. Therefore, carrot production using vermicompost is recommended for farmers of Tehuledere district and similar agroecological areas to enhance productivity while contributing to sustainable agriculture. The results have implications for policy makers, researchers, and farmers interested in promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable carrot production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Hailu
- Wollo University, POBox-1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Hassen
- Wollo University, POBox-1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Hussen
- Wollo University, POBox-1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Chunwichit S, Phusantisampan T, Thongchai A, Taeprayoon P, Pechampai N, Kubola J, Pichtel J, Meeinkuirt W. Influence of soil amendments on phytostabilization, localization and distribution of zinc and cadmium by marigold varieties. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170791. [PMID: 38342454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.) were evaluated for phytoremediation potential of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) as a function of amendment application to soil. Vermicompost (V), biodigestate (Bi), and combined V + Bi (VBi) were used as soil amendments in Zn and Cd co-contaminated soils. Application of soil amendments can alter physicochemical properties of soils, particularly pH, EC, CEC and nutrient concentrations. The VBi treatment resulted in highest percentage growth rate in biomass (52 %) for the Twenty yellow variety of marigold. Also, in the VBi treatment, leaves of Dragon yellow variety exhibited maximal accumulation of Zn and Cd. Flower extracts of Twenty yellow in the V treatment had substantial carotenoid content (71.7 mg L-1) and lowest IC50 value (43.7 mg L-1), thus indicating it had highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Dragon yellow exhibited highest values of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 2066 mg L-1), total flavonoids content (TFC; 64.1 mg L-1), and total phenolics content (TPC; 50.9 mg L-1). Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, the atomic percentages of Zn and Cd in all marigold varieties and treatments showed similar patterns over flower surfaces, seeds, and flower petals in descending order. Prime yellow in the V treatment resulted in higher Zn accumulation in roots (bioconcentration factor of root value) > 1 and translocation factor value < 1, indicating an enhanced ability of the plant for phytostabilization. Application of V altered antioxidant activities and production of bioactive compounds as well as enhanced the excluder potential of Cd and Zn, particularly in the Prime yellow variety. Application of Bi contributed to increased flower numbers, suggesting that floriculturists cultivating marigolds for ornamental purposes may be able to generate revenue in terms of productivity and quality of flowers when marigolds are grown on contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinthip Chunwichit
- Water and Soil Environmental Research Unit, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand
| | - Theerawut Phusantisampan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Alapha Thongchai
- Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, Yala 95000, Thailand
| | - Puntaree Taeprayoon
- Agricultural and Environmental Utilization Research Unit, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand
| | - Natthapong Pechampai
- Academic and Curriculum Division, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand
| | - Jittawan Kubola
- Department of Food Innovation and Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Buriram Rajabhat University, Buriram 31000, Thailand
| | - John Pichtel
- Ball State University, Environment, Geology, and Natural Resources, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Weeradej Meeinkuirt
- Water and Soil Environmental Research Unit, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand.
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Curiel-Alegre S, Khan AHA, Rad C, Velasco-Arroyo B, Rumbo C, Rivilla R, Durán D, Redondo-Nieto M, Borràs E, Molognoni D, Martín-Castellote S, Juez B, Barros R. Bioaugmentation and vermicompost facilitated the hydrocarbon bioremediation: scaling up from lab to field for petroleum-contaminated soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32916-8. [PMID: 38517632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in soil is very challenging due to the complex recalcitrant nature of hydrocarbon, hydrophobicity, indigenous microbial adaptation and competition, and harsh environmental conditions. This work further confirmed that limited natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) (15% removal) necessitates efficient bioremediation strategies. Hence, a scaling-up experiment for testing and optimizing the use of biopiles for bioremediation of TPH polluted soils was conducted with three 500-kg pilots of polluted soil, and respective treatments were implemented: including control soil (CT), bioaugmentation and vermicompost treatment (BAVC), and a combined application of BAVC along with bioelectrochemical snorkels (BESBAVC), all maintained at 40% field capacity. This study identified that at pilot scale level, a successful application of BAVC treatment can achieve 90.3% TPH removal after 90 days. BAVC's effectiveness stemmed from synergistic mechanisms. Introduced microbial consortia were capable of TPH degradation, while vermicompost provided essential nutrients, enhanced aeration, and, potentially, acted as a biosorbent. Hence, it can be concluded that the combined application of BAVC significantly enhances TPH removal compared to natural attenuation. While the combined application of a bioelectrochemical snorkel (BES) with BAVC also showed a significant TPH removal, it did not differ statistically from the individual application of BAVC, under applied conditions. Further research is needed to optimize BES integration with BAVC for broader applicability. This study demonstrates BAVC as a scalable and mechanistically sound approach for TPH bioremediation in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Curiel-Alegre
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rad
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivilla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Durán
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Redondo-Nieto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Borràs
- Circular Economy & Decarbonization Department, LEITAT Technology Center, Carrer de La Innovació, 2. 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Molognoni
- Circular Economy & Decarbonization Department, LEITAT Technology Center, Carrer de La Innovació, 2. 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Juez
- ACCIONA, C/ Valportillo II, 8. 28108, Madrid, Alcobendas, Spain
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N. 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Mansee AH, Ebrahim AM, Koreish EA. Sustainable indigenous bio-mixture for restoration the soil point source pollution with special reference to chlorpyrifos. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:363. [PMID: 38478213 PMCID: PMC10937809 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Improper pesticide handling is the main cause of contamination of the environment in agricultural systems. This could be caused by leakage of spraying liquid, leftovers, and inappropriate washing of spraying equipment. This study assessed the ability of suggested biomixture modules for remediate repetitive cycles of high chlorpyrifos doses. In three consecutive treatments, four tested modules were contaminated with 160 µg g-1 chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos residues, dehydrogenase activity, and microbial respiration were continuously monitored for 22 weeks. Six bacterial consortia were isolated at the end of the experiment from four treated modules (B+3, BF+3, S+3, and SF+3) and two from untreated modules (B and S). The isolated consortium efficiency in degrading chlorpyrifos was studied. The results revealed that the best chlorpyrifos removal efficiency was achieved when using the stimulated biomixture module (BF) recorded 98%, 100%, and 89%, at the end of three chlorpyrifos treatments, respectively. Such removal efficiency was compatible with the biological activity results of the tested modules: dehydrogenase activity and microbial respiration. There was no difference in the efficiency among the S, B, and BF+3 consortia. The results presented here demonstrate that the combination of vermicompost, wheat straw, soil, and NPK (stimulated biomixture module) can successfully reduce the risk of a point source of pesticide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Mansee
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amal M Ebrahim
- Department of Soil & Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essam A Koreish
- Department of Soil & Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Iqbal A, Ligeng J, Mo Z, Adnan M, Lal R, Zaman M, Usman S, Hua T, Imran M, Pan SG, Qi JY, Duan M, Gu Q, Tang X. Substation of vermicompost mitigates Cd toxicity, improves rice yields and restores bacterial community in a Cd-contaminated soil in Southern China. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133118. [PMID: 38101017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil is a global concern for soil health and food sustainability because it can cause Cd accumulation in cereal grains. An in-situ stabilizing technology (using organic amendments) has been widely used for Cd remediation in arable lands. Therefore, the current study examined the influence of vermicompost (VC) on soil biochemical traits, bacterial community diversity and composition, Cd uptake and accumulation in rice plants and grain yield in a Cd-contaminated soil during the late growing season in 2022. Different doses of VC (i.e., V1 = 0 t ha-1, V2 = 3 t ha-1 and V3 = 6 t ha-1) and two concentrations of Cd (i.e., Cd1 = 0 and Cd2 = 50 mg Cd Kg-1 were used. We performed high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to characterize soil bacterial communities. The addition of VC considerably affected the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community; and increased the relative abundance of phyla Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Plantomycetota, Gemmatimonadota, Patescibacteria and Firmicute. In addition, VC application, particularly High VC treatment, exhibited the highest bacterial diversity and richness (i.e., Simpson, Shannon, ACE, and Chao 1 indexes) of all treatments. Similarly, the VC application increased the soil chemical traits, including soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), total phosphorous (TP) and enzyme activities (i.e., acid phosphatase, catalase, urease and invertase) compared to non-VC treated soil under Cd stress. The average increase in SOC, TN, AN, TK and TP were 5.75%, 41.15%, 18.51%, 12.31%, 25.45% and 29.67%, respectively, in the High VC treatment (Pos-Cd + VC3) compared with Cd stressed soil. Redundancy analysis revealed that the leading bacterial phyla were associated with SOC, AN, TN, TP and pH, although the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidata, and Acidobacteria on a phylum basis and Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Myxococcia on a class basis, were highly correlated with soil environmental factors. Moreover, the VC application counteracted the adverse effects of Cd on plants and significantly reduced the Cd uptake and accumulation in rice organs, such as roots, stem + leaves and grain under Cd stress conditions. Similarly, applying VC significantly increased the fragrant rice grain yield and yield traits under Cd toxicity. The correlation analysis showed that the increased soil quantities traits were crucial in obtaining high rice grain yield. Generally, the findings of this research demonstrate that the application of VC in paddy fields could be useful for growers in Southern China by sustainably enhancing soil functionality and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China; CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Departmetn of Entomology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Ligeng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maid Zaman
- Departmetn of Entomology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Usman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tian Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ying Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qichang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Raza ST, Feyissa A, Li R, Rene ER, Ali Z, Iqbal H, Sahito ZA, Chen Z. Emerging technology effects on combined agricultural and eco- vermicompost. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120056. [PMID: 38219670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on the waste management of livestock manure and wetland plant residues and their increasing effect on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The benefits of nutrient-rich plants and manures are often overlooked. By conducting a soil column experiment with a fully factorial design, this work found that adding the vermicompost amendments of wetland plants [combination of Canna indica (CiV), Cyperus alternifollius (CaV), Acorus calamus (AcV), and Hydrocotyle vulgaris (HvV) vermicompost] to agricultural wastes affected maize growth throughout its growing season. The results demonstrated that the use of combined AcV and HvV wetland plant-based vermicompost as an organic fertilizer increased the plant total nitrogen (TN: 92% increase) and soil organic matter (SOM: 192% increase) compared with those in control CK. Meanwhile, the combination of CaV with HvV increased the shoot biomass by 3.4 and 4.6 folds compared with that in NPK and CK, respectively. Overall, a new approach for transforming ecological wastes into organic fertilizers was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Turab Raza
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Adugna Feyissa
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.o. Box 3015, 2601, DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Health & Wildlife, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Sahito
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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8
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Dwibedi SK, Sahu SK, Pandey VC, Mahalik JK, Behera M. Effect of fly ash and vermicompost amendment on rhizospheric earthworm and nematode count and change in soil carbon pool of rice nursery. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:124520-124529. [PMID: 35441294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash application to the soil at lower doses with organic substrates has been advocated by researchers due to its beneficial soil ameliorative properties. But its xenobiotic effects in presence of vermicompost have not yet been studied fully. The hypothesis of the present study was to ascertain the ameliorative effects of fly ash and vermicompost amendment on the soil nematode and earthworm count and change in the soil carbon pool of the rice nursery. The native soil, fly ash, and vermicompost at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% combinations (by weight) in triplicate were investigated under a factorial complete randomized design. The fly ash affected the earthworm survivability to an extent that the earthworms could not survive in fly ash of concentration greater than 20%. On the contrary, the concentration of vermicompost positively influenced the earthworm and nematode count in the rice rhizosphere. The population of nematodes viz. Rhabditis terricola and Dorylaimids in the rhizosphere of rice nursery was positively linked with the vermicompost concentration, while fly ash had antagonistic effects. The absence of nematodes and earthworms at a higher concentration of fly ash could be linked to the xenobiotic effects of fly ash. However, on mild addition of fly ash and vermicompost (20% each) to the native soil, the carbon stock increased positively to the maximum extent due to the larger surface area of fly ash and its xenobiotic effects limiting respirational carbon loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kumar Dwibedi
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjat Kumar Sahu
- Post-Graduation Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Mahalik
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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Pan P, Liu H, Liu A, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wang G, Liu B, Li Q, Lei M. Rhizosphere environmental factors regulated the cadmium adsorption by vermicompost: Influence of pH and low-molecular-weight organic acids. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 266:115593. [PMID: 37856985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost is a promising amendment for immobilization of cadmium (Cd) in soils; however, its effectiveness can be influenced by rhizosphere environment conditions, such as pH and the presence of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs). In this study, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the characteristics of Cd adsorption by vermicompost at different pH (pH = 3, 5, and 7) and after the addition of different LMWOAs (oxalic acid; citric acid; malic acid). Furthermore, a series of morphology and structural analyses were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of observed effects. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of vermicompost for Cd increased as pH increased, and chemisorption dominated the adsorption process. Changes in pH altered adsorption performance by affecting the -OH groups of alcohol/phenol and the -CH2 groups of aliphatics. Further, the addition of oxalic acid promoted Cd adsorption, and the effect was concentration dependent. Modifying the verimicompost surface with more adsorption sites might be the main reason. Conversely, citric acid and malic acid showed the ability to inhibit Cd adsorption by vermicompost. Citric acid caused a blocking effect by covering flocculent substances on the vermicompost surface while reducing surface adsorption sites by dissolving mineral components such as iron oxides. However, the action of malic acid did not appear to be related to changes in morphology or the structure of vermicompost. Overall, the results of this study partially explain the limited effectiveness of Cd immobilization within the rhizosphere by vermicompost, and provide theoretical support for regulating rhizosphere environments to improve the effectiveness of vermicompost immobilization of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; National Agricultural Environmental Science Observation and Experiment Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Huizhan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ang Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qingmian Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; National Agricultural Environmental Science Observation and Experiment Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Qinfen Li
- Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; National Agricultural Environmental Science Observation and Experiment Station, Danzhou 571737, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhang J, Fang H, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Jiang J, Gu X. Responses of soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbial communities of a medicinal plant Pinelliaternata to vermicompost. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:353. [PMID: 37810193 PMCID: PMC10555985 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an important strategy for restoring soil function and fertility. However, information on the effects of vermicompost application in intensive Pinellia ternata planting systems has rarely been reported. Here, we focus on the effects of different vermicompost levels and chemical fertilizer (CF) strategies on soil chemical properties, soil enzymes, and soil rhizosphere microbial communities (bacteria and fungi) in a field experiment. Compared to no added fertilizers (CK), vermicompost was more effective than the CF treatment in increasing P. ternata yield. We found that the 5 t ha-1 vermicompost treatment (VC2) significantly increased the tuber yield by 44.43% and 6.55% compared to the CK and CF treatment, respectively, and water-soluble exudates by 6.56% and 9.63% (P < 0.05). The vermicompost and CF treatments significantly increased the total phosphorus (TP), urease (Ure), and soil catalase (Cat) contents (P < 0.05). Compared to the vermicompost and CK treatments, the CF treatment significantly decreased soil organic carbon (SOC), C/N ratio, and soil acid phosphatase (Pac) (P < 0.05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Ure and total potassium (TK) were the major drivers in the bacterial community, whereas TP, total nitrogen (TN), Pac, and TK were the major drivers in the fungal community. We also found a positive correlation between soil enzyme activities, including between Ure and bacterial genera (Clostridium, Pseudoclavibacter, Stella, Hyphomicrobium, Mesorhizobium, and Adlercreutzia). In summary, vermicompost application promotes P. ternata soil microecosystems and improves soil fertility, soil enzyme activities, and rhizosphere microbial structure and function. Vermicomposting is a novel and promising approach to sustainable ecological cultivation of Chinese herbs via the promotion of soil properties and beneficial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Huiyong Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Yunsheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, 050026 China
| | - Jianming Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
| | - Xian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050200 China
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Tikoria R, Ohri P. Application of neem waste vermicompost in compensating nematode induced stress and upregulating physiological markers of tomato plants under glass house conditions after 10 days of exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30324-y. [PMID: 37864696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Farming, food processing, animal husbandry and other agro-based activities contribute to global environmental degradation by producing millions of tons of organic and inorganic solid waste. In terms of sustainable agriculture, agricultural waste management and conversion into useful products are essential. In addition, plants are facing various kinds of biotic stress, which ultimately affects their defense system. Altered defense systems in plants ultimately lead to the death of plants and a reduction in crop production. The present study is designed to keep the abovementioned fact in mind, which mainly focuses on the reuse of agricultural waste and its application to the antioxidant potential and structural components of tomato plants during nematode stress. In the present study, neem leaves were collected and mixed with cattle dung for the preparation of vermicompost. Then, tomato seeds were pre-treated with vermicompost extract before being germinated in earthen pots. After germination, they were transplanted to separate pots and inoculated with freshly hatched juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. The experiments were conducted for 10 days under glass house conditions, and after that, plants were harvested and various physiological (antioxidant capacity, percent electrolyte leakage) and structural markers (carbohydrate content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were analyzed. Results revealed that all physico-chemical properties make vermicompost superior as compared to soil and pre-compost material. Further, nematode stress leads to altered physiological and structural markers as compared to uninfected seedlings. However, treatment with vermicompost significantly increases carbohydrate content and antioxidative capacity in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, electrolyte leakage was found to be decrease with an increase in the concentration of vermicompost. All these findings conclude that vermicompost has strong potential to limit the damage caused by nematodes and boost the antioxidant potential of the host plants. Further, this study provides strong evidence for using vermicompost as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical nematicides and a potential strategy for agricultural waste management. This is the first study in which the tomato plant's structural and physiological markers were assessed during nematode stress after being supplemented with vermicompost under glass house conditions for an initial 10 days of nematode exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
- Department of Zoology, School of Bio-engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Chao H, Balcazar JL, Wu Y, Cai A, Ye M, Sun M, Hu F. Phages in vermicomposts enrich functional gene content and facilitate pesticide degradation in soil. Environment International 2023; 179:108175. [PMID: 37683504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizer microbiomes play substantial roles in soil ecological functions, including improving soil structure, crop yield, and pollutant dissipation. However, limited information is available about the ecological functions of phages and phage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) in orga9nic fertilizers. Here we used a combination of metagenomics and phage transplantation trials to investigate the phage profiles and their potential roles in pesticide degradation in four organic fertilizers from different sources. Phage annotation results indicate that the two vermicomposts made from swine (PV) and cattle (CV) dung had more similar phage community structures than the swine (P) and cattle (C) manures. After vermicomposting, the organic fertilizers (PV and CV) exhibited enriched phage-host pairings and phage AMG diversity in relative to the two organic fertilizers (P and C) without composting. In addition, the number of broad-host-range phages in the vermicomposts (182) was higher than that in swine (153) and cattle (103) manures. Notably, phage AMGs associated with metabolism and pesticide biodegradation were detected across the four organic fertilizers. The phage transplantation demonstrated that vermicompost phages were most effective at facilitating the degradation of pesticide precursor p-nitrochlorobenzene (p-NCB) in soil, as compared to swine and cattle manures (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings highlight the significance of phages in vermicompost for biogeochemical cycling and biodegradation of pesticide-associated chemicals in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chao
- Soil Ecology Lab, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jose Luis Balcazar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona 17003, Spain; University of Girona, Girona 17004, Spain
| | - Yunling Wu
- Soil Ecology Lab, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anjuan Cai
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., 210019, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Chen J, Xia H, Huang K, Li J, Xie J. Earthworms restructure the distribution of extracellular antibiotics resistance genes of sludge by modifying the structure of extracellular polymeric substances during vermicomposting. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131315. [PMID: 37030228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of earthworms in reducing the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge vermicompost remains unclear. The structure of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of sludge may be associated with the horizontal gene transfer behavior of ARGs in the vermicomposting of sludge. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of earthworms on the structural characteristics of EPS associated with the fate of ARGs in EPS during the vermicomposting of sludge. The results showed vermicomposting could diminish the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the EPS of sludge by 47.93 % and 7.75 %, compared to the control, respectively. Relative to the control, vermicomposting also led to the reduction of MGEs abundances in the soluble EPS of 40.04 %, lightly bound EPS of 43.53 %, and tightly bound EPS of 70.49 %, respectively. The total abundances of certain ARGs dramatically diminished 95.37 % in tightly bound EPS of sludge during vermicomposting. In vermicomposting, the main influencing factor of ARGs distribution was the proteins in LB-EPS, accounting for 48.5 % of the variation. This study suggests that the earthworms lower the total abundances of ARGs by regulating the microbial community and modifying the microbial metabolic pathways associated with ARGs and MGEs in the EPS of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiachen Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Mu M, Yang F, Han B, Li Q, Ding Y, Zhang K. Implications of vermicompost on antibiotic resistance in tropical agricultural soils - A study in Hainan Island, China. Sci Total Environ 2023:164607. [PMID: 37271403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with animal manure fertilization have attracted a global concern. Vermicompost has been widely popularized as an eco-friendly alternative to recycle animal manure on Hainan Island, China. However, the effects of vermicompost application on ARG spread and environmental fate in tropical agricultural soils remains undefined. Herein, the spatial prevalence and vertical behavior of ARGs in the soil profiles of vermicompost-applied agricultural regions were explored by a large-scale survey across Hainan Island. The results showed that although vermicompost application marginally enhanced the load of ARG pollution in the soil in Hainan, the ARGs derived from vermicompost did not eventually accumulate in the soil profile. The increase rate of ARGs in 40-60 cm soil layer was only 0.0015 % compared with that of unfertilized soil. Interestingly, vermicompost application reduced the abundance of high-risk ARGs, such as blaNDM and blaampC, by approximately one order of magnitude. Vermicompost was also observed to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, like Clostridium, and decrease those of Acidobacteriae, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobiae, which caused changes in the potential host bacteria of soil ARGs. Mobile genetic elements were further proven to be an essential factor that regulated the vertical dynamics of ARGs in vermicomposted soil, with a direct influence coefficient of 0.9975. This study demonstrated that the controllable risk associated with vermicompost application provided useful information to effectively reduce the threat of ARGs and promote the development of sustainable agriculture on Hainan Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirui Mu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Bingjun Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Rangel TS, Santana NA, Jacques RJS, Ramos RF, Scheid DL, Koppe E, Tabaldi LA, de Oliveira Silveira A. Organic fertilization and mycorrhization increase copper phytoremediation by Canavalia ensiformis in a sandy soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:68271-68289. [PMID: 37119494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilization and mycorrhization can increase the phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils. The time of vermicomposting alters the properties of vermicompost, which can affect copper's availability and uptake. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effect of different organic fertilizers and mycorrhization on copper-contaminated soil phytoremediation. The soil was contaminated with 100 mg Cu kg-1 dry soil and received mineral fertilizer (MIN), bovine manure (CM), and vermicompost produced in 45 days (V45) or 120 days (V120), all in doses equivalent to 40 mg kg-1 dry soil of phosphorus. Half of the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus. At plant flowering, the dry mass and concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, P, and K in the soil, solution, and plant tissue were determined, in addition to mycorrhizal colonization, nodulation, photosynthetic pigments, and oxidative stress enzyme activity. Organic fertilization increased plant growth and copper accumulation in aerial tissues. These effects were more evident with the V120, making it suitable for use in copper phytoextraction. Mycorrhization increased root and nodule dry mass, making it recommended for phytostabilization. C. ensiformis nodulation in Cu-contaminated soils depends on vermicompost fertilization and mycorrhization. Hence, the copper phytoremediation by C. ensiformis is increased by using organic fertilization and mycorrhization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauiris Santos Rangel
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Ave., 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97119-900, Brazil
| | - Natielo Almeida Santana
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Ave., 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97119-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Rodrigo Ferraz Ramos
- Department of Soil, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Ave., 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97119-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas Leandro Scheid
- Department of Soil, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Ave., 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97119-900, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel Koppe
- Department of Soil, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Ave., 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97119-900, Brazil
| | - Luciane Almeri Tabaldi
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Oliveira Silveira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Ave., 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97119-900, Brazil
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Mu M, Yang F, Han B, Ding Y, Zhang K. Insights into the panorama of antibiotic resistome in cropland soils amended with vermicompost in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161658. [PMID: 36649763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and propagation of animal-derived antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose great challenges to agricultural ecosystems. Vermicompost has drawn global attention as a new type of eco-friendly organic fertilizer. However, the effects of vermicompost application on ARGs in soil are still unclear. Here, we conducted a nationwide large-scale survey to explore the impact of vermicompost application on ARGs and the host in cropland fields as well as their regional differences. Vermicompost application was found to alter the pattern of ARGs, reduce the transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and mitigate the proliferation of high-risk bla-ARGs in soil. Regional differences in vermicompost-derived ARGs were observed in croplands, with less ARG-spreading risk in brown and yellow-brown soils. Total ARG abundance was present at the lowest level (1.24 × 105-3.57 × 107 copies/g) in vermicomposted soil compared with the croplands using animal manure (e.g., swine, chicken, and cow manure). Furthermore, vermicompost application increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Ilumatobacter and Gaiella, while reducing the abundance of Acidobacteria and Pseudarthrobacter. Network analysis showed that vermicompost altered ARG host bacteria and reduced the numbers of potential ARG hosts in soil. Microbes played a key role in ARG changes in vermicompost-treated soil. Our study provides valuable insight into the response of soil ARGs and the host to vermicompost in cropland ecosystem, and also provides a novel pathway for controlling the propagation of animal-derived ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirui Mu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
| | - Bingjun Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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17
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Tikoria R, Kaur A, Ohri P. Physiological, biochemical and structural changes in tomato plants by vermicompost application in different exposure periods under glass house conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 197:107656. [PMID: 37001305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In modern era, various inorganic fertilizers and pesticides are used as plant growth supplements in a variety of crop in order to gain maximum output and also reported as hazardous to mankind as well as environment. In addition, some of the plants died in initial phase of the growth after germination due to poor nutrient content of the soil or exposure to biotic stresses. In the beginning of sustainable agriculture, these chemical fertilizers were replaced with some alternative growth boosters such as organic fertilizers. In the present study, vermicompost was prepared using garden waste and cattle dung followed by analysis of various physico-chemical properties. Then tomato seeds were allowed to germinate in soil and supplemented with different doses of vermicompost (0-100%). The plants were harvested after 10 and 45 days of their germination and tissues were subjected to analysis of various morphological and biochemical parameters. Morphological parameters included root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and number of leaves. Whereas biochemical parameters such as protein content, antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherol), osmolytes (proline, carbohydrate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid) and secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) were estimated on UV-visible spectrophotometer using standard protocols. Further, structural analysis of plant tissue was done using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR) and carbon hydrogen nitrogen (CHN) elemental analyzer. Results obtained from the present study revealed significant difference in all morphological and biochemical markers at both 10 and 45 days intervals of time. Further, growth of all plants was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of vermicompost and exposure duration. FTIR spectra and CHN analyses reveal the breakdown of various complex compounds and their transformation from Vcom amended soil to roots of plants. This is the first study in which significant changes were observed in growth, physiology and structural composition of tomato plants at two different exposure periods (10 and 45 days) under glass house conditions which further concluded that vermicompost has a significant potential for increasing plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Xie J, Xia H, Guan M, Huang K, Chen J. Accelerating the humification mechanism of dissolved organic matter using biochar during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge. Waste Manag 2023; 159:102-113. [PMID: 36746047 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochar can accelerate the vermicomposting process of dewatered sludge. However, the underlying mechanism of vermicompost maturity with biochar is still unclear. This study investigated the effect of biochar on sludge maturation during vermicomposting by analyzing the spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter. For this, dewatered sludge mixed with and without 5 % biochar were separately vermicomposted. The results showed that the biochar could significantly increase the biomass of earthworms as well as the activity and abundances of bacteria and eukaryotes (P < 0.05) during vermicomposting of sludge. The addition of biochar resulted in a 23.35 % increase in the ratio of absorbances at wavelengths of 250 nm and 365 nm (E250/E365), and a 20.50 % decrease in aromatic proteins of sludge during vermicomposting, compared to the control. The ratio of fulvic acid to humic acid contents rapidly increased from 10 to 15 days in biochar added treatment, which was earlier than that in the control. Compared to control, the biochar addition enhanced the contents of fulvic acid and humic acid in sludge vermicompost by 79.97 % and 91.54 %, respectively. During vermicomposting, the DOM maturated parameter displayed stronger correlation (P < 0.05) between each other in the treatment with biochar, rather than the control. This study suggests that the biochar addition significantly modifies the degradation pathway of dissolved organic matter, thus promoting sludge maturation during vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengxin Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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19
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Raza ST, Zhu B, Yao Z, Wu J, Chen Z, Ali Z, Tang JL. Impacts of vermicompost application on crop yield, ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gases emission on upland in Southwest China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160479. [PMID: 36435259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission are important environment pollution sources in upland agro-ecosystems. Vermicompost was used for amending purple soil and comparing NH3 and GHG emissions. A field experiment was conducted with a comparison of organic and inorganic fertilizers in a wheat-maize rotation system in the Sichuan Basin, China. The five treatments were conventional inorganic fertilizers, NPK as control; vermicompost prepared with cow dung (VCM); and pig manure (VPM); cow dung and pig manure vermicompost, respectively (VCMNPK, VPMNPK). Total nitrogen rates of all treatments were the same. Soil NH3 volatilization and GHG emissions were monitored with the static chamber method. The results showed that NH3 volatilization occurred in the first two weeks following nitrogen (N) fertilization. The cumulative fluxes of NH3 recorded in the NPK, VCM, VPM, VCMNPK, and VPMNPK treatments were 15.4, 5.7, 6.3, 10.32, and 10.29 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively, in the winter and 4.8, 5.5, 19.83, 12.8, and 11.9 kg N ha-1 yr-1 respectively, in the summer. The global warming potential (GWP) 773.6 and 803.9 g CO2-eq m-2 in VCM and VPM, respectively, during the wheat season 540.6 and 576.2 g CO2-eq m-2, respectively, during the maize season. The GWPs in NPK treatment were 1032.4 and 570.7 g CO2-eq m-2 during the wheat and maize seasons, respectively. The increasing effects of nutrient loops, particularly 18 % soil total nitrogen (TN) and 31 % soil organic carbon (SOC) in VCM, and crop productivity of vermicompost treatments during the wheat-maize rotation had been evaluated. This study recommends that VCM can be considered as a better organic amendment, promoting plant growth while decreasing the environmental costs of gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Turab Raza
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Health & Wildlife, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jia Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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20
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Cui J, Cui J, Li J, Wang W, Xu B, Yang J, Li B, Chang Y, Liu X, Yao D. Improving earthworm quality and complex metal removal from water by adding aquatic plant residues to cattle manure. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130145. [PMID: 36368070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is an economical and environmentally friendly process. However, related knowledge of vermicomposting aquatic plant residues (APRs), earthworm quality, and mechanisms for metal removal from water is still lacking. Nelumbo and Oenanthe javanica residues and their mixture were treated with Eisenia foetida and cattle manure for 45 days. Compared with the control comprising only cattle manure, addition of the APR mixture improved earthworm quality, mainly for low crude ash, high alkaloid compounds and different fat compositions in the Nelumbo residue and the balanced protein proportion of the APR mixture. All the vermicompost especial O. javanica residue added (VO) played efficient roles in removing metals from water initially containing 2.0 mg Cu L-1 and 8.0 mg Zn L-1. There were higher removal efficiencies (Ers) at the dosage of 4 g L-1 with a small microbial contribution. VO significantly increased Ers, which could be from the decrease of phylum Firmicutes (especial Bacteroides) abundance, stronger CH2, C = O, and CH, the addition of COOH groups, and higher organic matter and total phosphorus contents. The combination of VO and Hippuris vulgaris was optimized as an ecological and economical method for treating complex-metal polluted water. Moreover, our study widened the route for APR reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - John Yang
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science & Cooperative Research, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65201, USA
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing 210014, China.
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21
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Dwibedi SK, Sahu SK, Pandey VC, Rout KK, Behera M. Seedling growth and physicochemical transformations of rice nursery soil under varying levels of coal fly ash and vermicompost amendment. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:319-332. [PMID: 34403046 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash is an inevitable by-product from the coal-fired power plants in many developing countries including India that needs safe, timely and productive disposal. The addition of fly ash alters physicochemical properties of soil and hence could be used as a soil conditioner or modifier along with the appropriate level of vermicompost to support plant growth. Several studies have focalized sole use of fly ash and vermicompost in agricultural production systems lacking information on combined application effects. This work was carried out at Chiplima in the district of Sambalpur, Odisha, India, to ascertain the best suited combination of native soil, fly ash and vermicompost (from farmyard manure) for rice nursery based on the changing physicochemical properties and seedling growth. The experiment consisting of 21 treatment combinations of soil, fly ash and vermicompost at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by weight was laid out in a factorial complete randomized design with three replications. Fly ash and vermicompost at moderate concentrations significantly ameliorated the physical properties, viz., porosity, bulk and particle densities, water holding capacity, infiltration rate and the capillary rise of water in rice nursery soil that ultimately resulted in vigorous rice seedlings at 40 DAS through beneficial soil biota as well as better root and shoot development. The porosity, water holding capacity and infiltration rate significantly increased with the addition of vermicompost while fly ash addition substantially reduced them. Fly ash and vermicompost in moderate quantities smothered soil chemical properties like electrical conductivity and organic carbon that increased the availability of N, P, K, B, S and Zn. The pH did not differ significantly due to treatment effects owing to a marginal difference in pH of the substrates, whereas electrical conductivity increased significantly with only marginal addition of fly ash to vermicompost. Considering the economic feasibility and environmental impacts, 40% soil + 20% fly ash + 40% vermicompost may be recommend to the farmers for wet rice nursery raising and also for remediating the coal fly ash in agricultural production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kumar Dwibedi
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjat Kumar Sahu
- Post-Graduation Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kumbha Karna Rout
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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22
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Miao L, Wang Y, Zhang M, Feng Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhu W. Effects of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride addition combined with vermicomposting on maturity and bacterial diversity in the final vermicompost from the biochemical residue of kitchen waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8998-9010. [PMID: 35648348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of kitchen waste is produced all over the world. Biochemical disposal is an effective method for the reduction and safe utilization of kitchen waste. However, high salinity, low maturity and poor biocompatibility were encountered when utilizing the biochemical residue of kitchen waste (BRKW) as a kind of soil amendment. To reduce the high salinity, accelerate the maturity and improve the biocompatibility in the BRKW, this study used the BRKW as the main feedstock for earthworms after hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) was added and focused on revealing the effect of HPMA addition combined with the vermicomposting process on the growth of earthworms and on the basic physicochemical properties and the microbial diversity of the derived vermicompost. The results showed that HPMA addition can promote earthworm growth and reproduction. The pH, electric conductivity, organic matter content, C/N and NH4+-N/NO3--N were decreased in the final vermicompost, while total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents, and the seed germination index were increased. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that there was more disintegration in the final vermicompost. Meanwhile, adding the HPMA also helped to decrease the total number of fungi while increasing the populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria as well as amount of total bacteria and actinomycetes. The vermicomposting process increased the bacterial phyla that promote the degradation of OM, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria, decreased the pathogenic Enterobacter and increased the bacterial genera that promote the maturity and quality, such as Cellvibrio and Pseudomonas. Thus, HPMA addition combined with vermicomposting can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria that promote the degradation of lignocelluloses and accelerate maturity while inhibiting some potential bacterial pathogens, which helps guarantee the safety of vermicomposting products from BRKW. Hence, employing HPMA to promote BRKW vermicomposting can possibly reduce salt content and improve the maturity and biocompatibility of the final vermicompost. This approach may help realize the safe utilization of BRKW and further promote the biochemical disposal of kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yuning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Weiqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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23
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Bellitürk K, Fang L, Görres JH. Effect of post-production vermicompost and thermophilic compost blending on nutrient availability. Waste Manag 2023; 155:146-152. [PMID: 36371848 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a common waste management strategy for recycling nutrients from organic household or agricultural wastes. However, thermophilic (e.g. windrow) composting and vermicomposting (using earthworms) produce different nutrient and enzyme profiles. Vermicompost is purported to have greater fertility benefits, but is also more expensive than thermophilic compost. The objective of this study was to examine a novel approach to designing organic fertility amendments by blending mature vermicompost and thermophilic compost. To examine the effect of blending, vermicompost was admixed to thermophilic compost at 20, 50 and 70 % by mass, with and without the addition of coir (cocopeat). Electric conductivity, water-extractable, immediately available N, P and K were measured. Vermicompost and coir synergistically affected the availability of these nutrients. Synergistic effects were between 15 and 40 % for total inorganic N in blends with coir. Without coir, synergism occurred only at vermicompost additions ≥50 %. Synergism for available P and K was present in all blends and ranged from 10% to 35%. Electrical conductivity measurements suggest that blending affected compost within three days of starting the incubation. The activity of five of seven measured enzymes were linearly and positively related to the fraction of vermicompost in the blend. Blending mature composts with differing properties may be another tool, in addition to adjusting feedstock and process parameters, to affect positively the fertility properties of composts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korkmaz Bellitürk
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Lynn Fang
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, 258, Jeffords Building, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Josef H Görres
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, 258, Jeffords Building, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Quadar J, Chowdhary AB, Dutta R, Angmo D, Rashid F, Singh S, Singh J, Vig AP. Characterization of vermicompost of coconut husk mixed with cattle dung: physicochemical properties, SEM, and FT-IR analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:87790-87801. [PMID: 35831646 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the potential of vermicomposting in management of different ratios of coconut husk waste (CH) and cattle dung (CD) viz (waste: CD) 0:100 (CH0), 25:75 (CH25), 50:50 (CH50), 75:25 (CH75), and 100:0 (CH100) using Eisenia fetida for 120 days. The physicochemical properties were analyzed in vermicompost samples taken on the 0 and 120th day. Co-composting with cattle manure improved their acceptability for E. fetida as well as their physicochemical properties. In a 50:50 (CH50) ratio, the lowest mortality and maximum growth in terms of number and biomass of earthworms were observed. The results revealed that during pre-vermicompost to post-vermicompost, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium increased, whereas in all vermicomposting end products organic carbon and the C:N ratio decreased significantly. Except zinc, all heavy metals decreased significantly (p < 0.05) over initial in all the feed mixtures. Seed germination tests indicated that the mature and non-phytotoxic vermicompost has been formed at the end of the experiment. The Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of vermicompost demonstrated the excellent maturity of the compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangeer Quadar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Anu Bala Chowdhary
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Rahil Dutta
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Deachen Angmo
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005.
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25
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Raza ST, Zhu Y, Wu J, Rene ER, Ali Z, Feyissa A, Khan S, Anjum R, Bazai NA, Chen Z. Different ratios of Canna indica and maize- vermicompost as biofertilizers to improve soil fertility and plant growth: A case study from southwest China. Environ Res 2022; 215:114374. [PMID: 36150444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is recommended as an eco-friendly technology for an organic amendment to avoid the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, which are causing environmental pollution. Here, this study evaluated soil fertility and plant growth after vermicompost amendment using reclaimed wetland plants and manure. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the seven treatments for nutrient recovery and plant growth: a control group without any fertilization (CK); four groups with vermicompost prepared from different ratios of ecological wetland plant residues, maize, and pig manure (V1, 4:6; V2, 5:5; V3, 6:6; and V4, 7:3); one group with only Canna indica (V5, Ci), and a group with synthetic fertilizers (NPK). The results showed the remarkable impacts of Ci-vermicompost and different ratios of organic fertilizer on soil fertility and plant height (28.8%) as major outcomes. In addition, vermicompost substantially increased soil total nitrogen (60.5%), soil organic matter (60.9%) including dissolved organic carbon (52.2%), and shoot biomass (V4, three-fold increase) compared with NPK and CK. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that vermicomposting combined with wetland plants is a feasible method for organic amendments and offers an innovative approach for recycling ecological waste to produce nutrient-rich organic fertilizers, reduce environmental damage, and improve crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Turab Raza
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingmo Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.o. Box 3015, 2601, DA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Health & Wildlife, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adugna Feyissa
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shamshad Khan
- School of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Raheel Anjum
- Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmed Bazai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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26
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Ruangjanda S, Iwai CB, Greff B, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Valorization of spent mushroom substrate in combination with agro-residues to improve the nutrient and phytohormone contents of vermicompost. Environ Res 2022; 214:113771. [PMID: 35798270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, enormous amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) have been generated because of the rapid development of mushroom production. Since the conventional disposal methods of these residues can cause serious environmental problems, alternative waste management techniques are required to ensure sustainable agriculture. However, SMS might be not suitable for vermicomposting when used alone. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Azolla microphylla (Azolla) biomass, eggshells, fruit peels, and cassava pulp on the biodegradation process of SMS. The results showed the treatments supplemented with cassava pulp and fruit peel waste improved the growth of earthworms, while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of these vermicomposts decreased significantly (p < 0.05) due to the improved total nitrogen contents (7.64 g kg-1 and 6.71 g kg-1). Concerning the degradation process and the vermicompost quality, the addition of these agro-residues facilitated the enzyme activities (cellulase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase) and increased the total macronutrient (P, K, Mg, and Ca) and phytohormone (fruit peel waste: AA, GA3, and cytokinin; cassava pulp: cytokinin) contents of the final products compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, Azolla had no additional effect on the fecundity and growth of Eudrilus eugenia. Meanwhile, the treatment supplemented with eggshells was high in Mg (7.15 g kg-1) and Ca (305.6 g kg-1). Overall, the combined decomposition of SMS-based bedding material with Azolla, eggshells, fruit peel waste, and cassava pulp resulted in mature organic fertilizers with improved chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Ruangjanda
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
| | - Babett Greff
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rupani PF, Embrandiri A, Rezania S, Wang S, Shao W, Domínguez J, Appels L. Changes in the microbiota during biological treatment of palm oil mill waste: A critical review. J Environ Manage 2022; 320:115772. [PMID: 35944317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil mill waste has a complex cellulosic structure, is rich in nutrients, and provides a habitat for diverse microbial communities. Current research focuses on how the microbiota and organic components interact during the degradation of this type of waste. Some recent studies have described the microbial communities present in different biodegradation processes of palm oil mill waste, identifying the dominant bacteria/fungi responsible for breaking down the cellulosic components. However, understanding the degradation process's mechanisms is vital to eliminating the need for further pretreatment of lignocellulosic compounds in the waste mixture and facilitating the commercialization of palm oil mill waste treatment technology. Thus, the present work aims to review microbial community dynamics via three biological treatment systems comprehensively: composting, vermicomposting, and dark fermentation, to understand how inspiration from nature can further enhance existing degradation processes. The information presented could be used as an umbrella to current research on biological treatment processes and specific research on the bioaugmentation of indigenous microbial consortia isolated during the biological degradation of palm oil mill waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Fatemeh Rupani
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
| | - Asha Embrandiri
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, 1145, Amhara, Ethiopia.
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Weilan Shao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
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Gómez-Brandón M, Fornasier F, de Andrade N, Domínguez J. Influence of earthworms on the microbial properties and extracellular enzyme activities during vermicomposting of raw and distilled grape marc. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115654. [PMID: 35792389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of winery wastes by using appropriate management technologies is of utmost need in order to reduce to a minimum their disposal and avoid negative environmental impacts. This is of particular interest for grape marc, the main solid by-product of the winery industry. However, comparative studies on a pilot-scale dealing with the impact of earthworms on marc derived from both red and white grape varieties during vermicomposting are still scarce. The present study sought to evaluate the changes in the biochemical and microbiological properties of red and white raw marc in the presence and the absence of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. The distilled marc obtained through distillation of the red grape marc was also considered under this scenario. Samples were taken after 14, 28, 42, and 63 days of vermicomposting. On day 14 earthworms led to a pronounced increase in most of the enzymatic activities, but only in those vermireactors fed with raw marc from the red grape variety. Alfa- and beta-glucosidase as well as chitinase and leucine-aminopeptidase activities were between 3 to 5-times higher relative to the control, while alkaline phosphomonoesterase was even up to 14-fold higher with earthworm presence. From day 28 onwards the magnitude of earthworms' effect on the studied enzymes was also dependent on the type of grape marc. Reduced values of basal respiration, ranging between 200 and 350 mg CO2 kg OM h-1 and indicative of stabilized materials were found in the resulting vermicomposts. Moreover, the content of macro- and micronutrients in the end products matched with those considered to have the quality criteria of a good vermicompost. Altogether, these findings reinforce the effectiveness of vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of grape marc with the dual purpose of fertilizer production and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Fornasier
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Gorizia, Italy; SOLIomics s.r.l., Via del Cotonificio, 129/B, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Nariane de Andrade
- Departamento de Ciencia do Solo, Universidade Federal de Santa María, Río Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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Cerqueira B, Covelo EF, Rúa-Díaz S, Marcet P, Forján R, Gallego JLR, Trakal L, Beesley L. Contrasting mobility of arsenic and copper in a mining soil: A comparative column leaching and pot testing approach. J Environ Manage 2022; 318:115530. [PMID: 35752005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of legacy metal(loid) contaminated soils in-situ relies on the addition of [organic] amendments to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of metal(loid)s, improve soil geochemical parameters and restore vegetation growth. Two vermicomposts of food and animal manure waste origin (V1 and V2) were amended to an arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) contaminated mine soil (≤1500 mg kg-1). Leaching columns and pot experiments evaluated copper and arsenic in soil pore waters, as well as pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphate (PO43-) concentrations. The uptake of As and Cu to ryegrass was also measured via the pot experiment, whilst recovered biochars from the column leaching test were measured for metal sorption at the termination of leaching. Vermicompost amendment to soil facilitated ryegrass growth which was entirely absent from the untreated soil in the pot test. All amendment combinations raised pore water pH by ∼4 units. Copper concentrations in pore waters from columns and pots showed steep reductions (∼1 mg L-1), as a result of V1 & V2 compared to untreated soil (∼500 mg L-1). Combined with an increase in DOC and PO43-, As was mobilised an order of magnitude by V1. Biochar furthest reduced Cu in pore waters from the columns to <0.1 mg L-1, as a result of surface sorption. The results of this study indicate that biochar can restrict the mobility of Cu from a contaminated mine soil after other amendment interventions have been used to promote revegetation. However, the case of As, biochar cannot counter the profound impact of vermicompost on arsenic mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cerqueira
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Environmental and Geochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB158QH, UK.
| | - Emma F Covelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Rúa-Díaz
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Purificación Marcet
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rubén Forján
- Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group and INDUROT, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain
| | - José Luis R Gallego
- Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group and INDUROT, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain
| | - Lukas Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Luke Beesley
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic; Environmental and Geochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB158QH, UK
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Kaur A, Kaur A, Ohri P. Combined effects of vermicompost and vermicompost leachate on the early growth of Meloidogyne incognita stressed Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:51686-51702. [PMID: 35249195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots of Withania somnifera, an important medicinal herb, are prone to the infection of Meloidogyne incognita (a root parasitic nematode). The infection lowers the quality and quantity of plant material and poses a challenge in crop cultivation and obtaining desirable yield. In the present study, in vitro inhibitory activity of vermicompost leachate (Vcom-L) was assessed against % hatch and survival of M. incognita in a 96 h assay. Then, Vcom-L was used as soil supplement in combination with vermicompost (Vcom) to evaluate their nematode inhibitory and stress alleviating effect in W. somnifera, in a pot experiment. Root galling intensity and growth performance of nematode-stressed W. somnifera raised from seeds pre-soaked in distilled water (DW), Vcom-L, vermicompost tea (Vcom-T) and different dilutions of Vcom-L were assessed. We observed 79% suppression of egg hatching and 89% juvenile (J2) mortality after 96 h compared to control, at 100% concentration of Vcom-L. Significant reduction in gall formation with increase in growth parameters of seedlings was observed after combined application of Vcom (60% or 100%) + Vcom-L and was evident as enhancement in seedling biomass and contents of chlorophyll and protein. However, proline, total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) content declined significantly in these combinations compared to the control (0% Vcom). Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidise (APX), guaiacol peroxidise (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) declined with Vcom as well as Vcom + Vcom-L and corresponded with decline in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaves. Further, 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions of Vcom-L in combination with Vcom (60%) proved beneficial in mitigating the nematode-induced stress in W. somnifera. Present results showed the potential of Vcom and Vcom-L in standardised combination as an effective strategy in controlling the pathogenicity of M. incognita in medicinal plants such as W. somnifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Huang K, Zhang Y, Xu J, Guan M, Xia H. Feasibility of vermicomposting combined with room drying for enhancing the stabilization efficiency of dewatered sludge. Waste Manag 2022; 143:116-124. [PMID: 35240447 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is characterized by transforming organic waste into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer through the action of different earthworms and microorganisms. Although vermicomposting can recycle the excess sludge in an eco-friendly manner, the longer stabilization period has limited its industrial application. The present study sought to investigate a novel operation process of vermicomposting combined with room drying (VD) to improve the stabilization efficiency of dewatered sludge. Subsequently, the performance and efficiency of vermicomposting without room drying, room dry without vermicomposting, and VD for sludge stabilization were compared simultaneously. In the VD process, the sludge water content reduced from 60.8% to 1.64%, showing the highest electrical conductivity and lowest organic matter content, making the humus substances abundant in the final product. Moreover, the vermicomposting achieved the highest ammonia and nitrate content in final product. Additionally, the bacterial and eukaryotic abundances in the VD product were significantly higher (P < 0.01, i.e., 15.6% and 180.7%) than the vermicomposting product. The specific bacterial genus of Glutamicibacter, Chitinibacter, and Acidobacteria was dominated in the VD product. The Partial least squares-Path modeling (PLS-PM) results revealed that the maturity degree in the VD product was significantly associated with microbial component, and the organic form was strongly driven by the change in the physicochemical properties, which was contradictory to vermicomposting model. The study suggests that the VD process could shorten the vermicomposting period by rapidly accelerating the physical, chemical, and biological stabilization of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengxin Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Badhwar VK, Singh C. Vermicomposting of textile mill sludge employing Eisenia fetida: Role of cow dung and tea waste amendments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:19823-19834. [PMID: 34727306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting of textile mill sludge (TMS) with cow dung (CD) and tea waste (TW) as amendments was done in seven different combinations using Eisenia fetida for 90 days. Results revealed that pH decreased from 7.68-8.63 to 7.09-7.59. TOC content and C/N ratio reductions were in range of 15.71-20.08% and 39.33-50.05%, respectively (P < 0.05). The macronutrients in the form of TN, TP, and TK increased 0.38-0.64, 1.07-2.27, and 0.56-1.98 times respectively after end of bioconversion process (P < 0.05), among increases in ash content and EC. The biomass and cocoon production of E. fetida increased significantly (P < 0.05), while high mortality rate of earthworms was observed in treatments containing 50% or more TMS content. The bacterial population beneficial for degradation of organic matter increased significantly over initial substrates (0th day) (P < 0.05). Increased humification index in end-product indicated better maturity of vermicompost as observed in treatments containing higher proportions of amendments. The addition of amendments favored earthworm activity which significantly decreased the heavy metal concentration (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the end-product. The study concluded that sustainable utilization of TMS could be achieved for cleaner and enriched vermicompost production by addition of amendments CD and TW in proportions of 50% and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Badhwar
- M.Tech Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India.
| | - Charanjit Singh
- M.Tech Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, India
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Oceguera-Contreras E, Aguilar-Juarez O, Oseguera-Galindo D, Macías-Barragán J, Ortiz-Torres G, Luisa Pita-López M, Domínguez J, Titov I, Kamen A. Establishment of the upstream processing for renewable production of hydrogen using vermicomposting-tea and molasses as substrate. Waste Manag 2022; 139:279-289. [PMID: 34995855 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the optimal operational conditions for hydrogen production using vermicomposting-tea and sugarcane molasses as substrate. The experiments were carried out by triplicate in 110 ml serological bottles, a Box-Behnken design of experiments was performed in anaerobic dark conditions. The maximal hydrogen production (HP), hydrogen production rate (HPR), and hydrogen yield (HY) attained were 1021.0 mlL-1, 5.32 mlL-1h-1, and 60.3 mlLH2-1/gTCC, respectively. The statistical model showed that the optimal operational conditions for pH, molasses concentration, and temperature were 6.5; 30 % (v/v) and 25 °C. The bioreactor run showed 17.202 L of hydrogen, 0.58 Lh-1, and 77.2 mlH2gTCC-1 For HP, HPR, and HY. Chemometric analysis for the volatile fatty acids obtained at the fermentation showed that only two principal components are required to explain 90 % of the variance. The representative pathways for hydrogen production were acetic and butyric acids. This study established the operational conditions for the upstream processing amenable to pilot and industrial-scale operations. Our results add value to molasses within the circular economy for hydrogen production using a novel consortium from vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edén Oceguera-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara. Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca km. 45.5, C.P. 46600. Ameca, Jalisco, México.
| | - Oscar Aguilar-Juarez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Avenida de los normalistas No. 800, Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 4470, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - David Oseguera-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara. Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca km. 45.5, C.P. 46600. Ameca, Jalisco, México
| | - José Macías-Barragán
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara. Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca km. 45.5, C.P. 46600. Ameca, Jalisco, México
| | - Gerardo Ortiz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Mecatrónica, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca km. 45.5, C.P. 46600. Ameca, Jalisco, México
| | - María Luisa Pita-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CIBIMEC). Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, C.P. 49000. Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, México
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología e Bioloxía Animal (GEA), Universidad de Vigo. As lagoas Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Vigo, España
| | - Igor Titov
- Technological Institute of Information and Electronic Radio, Vladimir University, 600026, Vladimir st, Gorki d. 87, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, 3480 Rue University, McConnell Engineering Building, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A OE9, Canada
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Kang Y, Xu W, Zhang Y, Tang X, Bai Y, Hu J. Bloom of tetracycline resistance genes in mudflats following fertilization is attributed to the increases in the shared potential hosts between soil and organic fertilizers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13292-13304. [PMID: 34585344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in mudflats adjacent to the Yellow Sea, China, amended with sewage sludge and vermicompost by one-time input at different rates to reveal the fates of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) and their potential hosts in the soils. Quantitative PCR results showed that soils added with either sludge or vermicompost had more abundant TRGs compared with the non-fertilized soil. This situation was more obvious in sludge fertilized soils especially at high application rates. Vermicompost exhibited a promising outlook for improvement of the mudflats. The abundances of intI1 in the non-fertilized soils were significantly higher than those in fertilizers and fertilized soils. The potential hosts for intI1 were not shared with other TRGs-contained hosts, indicating that intI1 had little effects on the dissemination of TRGs in the mudflats. Moreover, the exclusive hosts for TRGs in fertilizers were not higher than those in the non-fertilized soils, illustrating little effects of fertilization on the introduction of exogenous TRGs into soil. The shared hosts between soil and fertilizers were highest among four possible sources, contributing vastly to the bloom of TRGs following fertilization. It was also shown that different organic fertilizers caused distinct categories of shared potential hosts for TRGs. RDA analysis further indicated that the abundances of the shared potential hosts were affected by soil nutrients. These results suggested that the development of TRGs in soil following fertilization depended on the shared potential hosts with similar ecological niches between soil and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Kang
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Yancheng Bioengineering Research Center for 'Binhai Bai-shou-wu', Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyao Tang
- Yancheng Bioengineering Research Center for 'Binhai Bai-shou-wu', Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Bai
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Yancheng Teachers University, 2 South Hope Avenue, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, 224007.
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Kamar Zaman AM, Yaacob JS. Exploring the potential of vermicompost as a sustainable strategy in circular economy: improving plants' bioactive properties and boosting agricultural yield and quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:12948-12964. [PMID: 35034296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of natural resources and waste generation continues to rise as the human population increases. Ever since the industrial revolution, consumers have been adopting a linear economy model based on the 'take-make-dispose' approach. Raw materials are extracted to be converted into products and finally discarded as wastes. Consequently, this practice is unsustainable because it causes a massive increase in waste production. The root problems of the linear system can be addressed by transitioning to a circular economy. Circular economy is an economic model in which wastes from one product are recycled and used as resources for other processes. This literature review discovers the potential of vermicompost as a sustainable strategy in circular economy and highlights the benefits of vermicompost in ensuring food security, particularly in improving agricultural yield and quality, as well as boosting crop's nutritional quality. Vermicompost has the potential to be used in a variety of ways in the circular economy, including for agricultural sustainability, managing waste, pollutant remediation, biogas production and animal feed production. The recycling of organic wastes to produce vermicompost can benefit both the consumers and environment, thus paving the way towards a more sustainable agriculture for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Cervera-Mata A, Delgado G, Fernández-Arteaga A, Fornasier F, Mondini C. Spent coffee grounds by-products and their influence on soil C-N dynamics. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:114075. [PMID: 34800772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SCG are a bio-waste generated in great amount worldwide which are attractive as soil amendment for their high content of organic matter and nutritive elements. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that soil application of untreated SCG has detrimental agronomic and environmental effects due to their high degradability and content of noxious compounds (phenols, caffeine, and tannins). However, SCG can be valorised, in the frame of circular economy, by extraction of energy and valuable products (carbohydrates, proteins, bio-oil, bio-diesel) and generation of solid by products (biochar, hydrochar, compost) that can be utilized as soil fertilizers and amendments. Therefore, the aim of this work was the characterization of different solid SCG by-products (as second-generation products) and their assessment as effective organic amendments. The novelty of this study is that for the first time 8 different by-products derived from the same SCG were characterized and comparatively evaluated for their impact on the C and N cycles of soil. SCG was collected and treated to generate 8 different SCG by-products (biochars produced at 270 and 400 °C, hydrochars produced at 160 and 200 °C, vermicompost, defatted SCG and biochars produced from defatted SCG at 270 and 400 °C). SCG and derived by-products were characterized for SEM micromorphology, pH and EC values, and C, N, H, O, volatile matter, fixed C, LOI, carbonates, water soluble C and N, NO3- and NH4+ content. SCG and SCG by-products assessment as organic amendments was performed with an incubation experiment. The residues were added (2.5%) to a moist Mediterranean agricultural soil and the amended soil samples were placed in mesocosms and incubated at 20 °C for 30 days. During incubation, CO2 and N2O emissions were measured every 6 h by means of a gas chromatography automated system for GHG sampling and measurement. The percentage of added C remaining (CR) in the soil was calculated by fitting the cumulative respiration of amended soil to a two-pool model. After 2, 7 and 30 days of incubation, the control and amended soils were sampled and analyzed for their content of extractable organic C, N, NO3- and NH4+ and microbial biomass C and N. Results showed that SCG by-products presented a great variability in their properties. SCG and hydrochars presented higher contents in volatile matter and water soluble C and N, and low content of fixed C, while biochars showed an opposite behaviour. SEM images confirmed the different characteristics of the SCG by-products: the biochar presented a porous structure, honeycomb-like form, due to the loss of the more soluble compounds, while the SCG and hydrochars' pores were filled with amorphous carbonaceous materials. Consequently, soil addition of SCG by-products showed a distinct impact on C and N cycle and microbial biomass content. Addition of SCG and hydrochars generated the highest cumulative CO2-C emissions (2103-2300 μg g-1), the lower amount of CR (86.8-88.6%), increased the soil extractable organic C and microbial biomass C and N and caused N immobilization. On the other hand, the addition of biochars generated lower CO2-C emissions (542-1060 μg g-1), higher amounts of CR (96. 3-99.9%) and lower amounts of extractable compounds and microbial biomass C and N, generating also N immobilization, but to a lesser extent. The addition of vermicompost generated 723 μg g-1 of CO2-C and 98% of CR remaining. However, this by-product did not generate N immobilization being able to act as N fertilizer. None of the residues generated N2O emissions. The different properties of the SCG by-products and their impact on C and N cycle indicated that they can be effectively applied to soil to exert different agronomical and environmental functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cervera-Mata
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Delgado
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Flavio Fornasier
- CREA Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, sede di Gorizia, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Claudio Mondini
- CREA Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, sede di Gorizia, Gorizia, Italy
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Poblete R, Cortes E, Munizaga-Plaza JA. Carbon dioxide emission control of a vermicompost process using fly ash. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:150069. [PMID: 34525716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composting and vermicomposting generate a valuable product rich in plant nutrients and at the same time, reduce environmental pollution. However, along with these processes and in relation to the metabolism of the microorganism and the worms present in the vermicomposting, CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Taking these issues into account, different masses of fly ash were used to study the control of the CO2 of the gas coming from a vermicomposting process and to evaluate the possibility of using the adsorbent as fertilizer in the culture of lettuce Lactuca sativa. Along the vermicomposting process, an increase in the concentration of CO2 emissions was observed, with a maximum level of emission at the day 20 of the process and an average of 770 mg/L in air. After the adsorption process, the CO2 concentration was lower due to the effect of the fly ash that was able to trap the emitted gas. The percentage of CO2 adsorption shows maximum values of 55.5, 58.1 and 63.8% with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 kg of fly ash, respectively. The CO2 uptake capacities of the different loads of fly ash used were 3.39, 7.03 and 6.84 mmol CO2/g sorbent with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 kg of fly ash, respectively. After five weeks of sowing L. sativa, it was observed that when no fly ash was used in the soil, the length of the stem was 10.2 cm. Then, the length of the stem was 22 cm, and 16 cm when 10% of fly ash was applied and not applied in the adsorption process, getting a significant correlation between the load of fly ash and the length of the stem. The r when fly ash was used in the adsorption process was 0.9817 and 0.9811 when no ash fly was used in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Poblete
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Munizaga-Plaza
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Coquimbo, Chile
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López R, Antelo J, Silva AC, Bento F, Fiol S. Factors that affect physicochemical and acid-base properties of compost and vermicompost and its potential use as a soil amendment. J Environ Manage 2021; 300:113702. [PMID: 34517230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composting and vermicomposting have attracted attention in relation to both waste management and the potential to produce organic amendments that could improve soil quality. The main differences between compost depend on the feedstock, the production process, and the degree of maturity. In the present study, samples of compost of different origin (food and green waste, livestock waste, algae waste, urban waste or sewage sludge) or subjected to different composting methods (traditional or using earthworms) were collected for analysis. Additionally, samples collected at various stages of the composting process were compared (raw material, 15 and 30 days of composting, and final compost). Different analysis and techniques were used to establish the chemical composition, physicochemical and acid-base properties of compost samples and the organic matter extracts. The correlations obtained (between the abundance of acid groups in different extracts of the compost or between the cation exchange capacity and the C/N atomic ratio) would allow for predicting the compost behaviour based on certain characteristics, and a reduction in the number of parameters determined experimentally, thus facilitating comparisons between different compost. In addition, the potential value of the compost as amendment was tested with a Haplic Cambisol from a mining area. The application of compost increased the pH, the organic matter and nutrient content, and promoted seed germination and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - J Antelo
- CRETUS, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A C Silva
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - F Bento
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - S Fiol
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zazouli MA, Hezarjaribi HZ, Charati JY, Ahmadnezhad A, Mahvi AH, Asgharnia H. Investigating the effects of vermicomposting process using Eisenia Fetida earthworms on the reduction of parasites population. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:1623-1633. [PMID: 34900293 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The existence of parasite agents in natural organic fertilizers can lead to health problems and infection transmission. The aim of the present study was to survey the parasites' population reduction during the vermicomposting of the mixtures of municipal sewage sludge (SS) and cow dung (CD) using E. fetida earthworms. Methods The vermicomposting process was performed by using earthworms of E. fetida species. The composting process was conducted in 27 pilots for 3 months. The identification and counting of the parasites' population were carried out by Mac Master Slide, according to Bailenger method. Results The results indicated that the type and number of parasite elements decreased with increasing vermicomposting time. The cumulative removal percent of parasites for sewage sludge (96.10%) was more than the SS + CD (93.65%) and CD (92.93%) treatments. The results showed that after 90 days of vermicomposting, the highest cumulative reduction in the number of parasites was obtained for the treatments with 40 earthworms (98.48%), while the corresponding value for the treatments without earthworms was (88.66%). The statistical analysis indicated that in terms of the parasite's population, a significant difference was observed for the three kinds of compostable materials (P < 0.05), however, this difference was not significant for the three levels of the earthworms (P > 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that the mixture of sewage sludge and cow dung in combination with sawdust could lead to greater and faster reduction in the parasite's population. In addition, the bio-transformed product can be used as useful manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Paramedical, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadnezhad
- Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosseinali Asgharnia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran
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Hao X, Ma X, Zeng B, Zhu L, Shen L, Yang M, Hu H, Jiang D, Bai L. Efficiency and mechanism of a vermicompost additive in enhancing composting of swine manure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:65791-65801. [PMID: 34322803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost was used as an additive in swine manure composting to investigate the expression of bacterial functional genes on nutrients biotransformation. Three treatments with vermicompost compositions of 10%, 20%, and 30% in swine manure were set up. Raw manure was used as the control. The thermophilic period increased to 12 days, the NH4+ -N/NO3- -N ratio decreased to 0.85, and the germination index (GI) increased to 166% after vermicompost addition. Furthermore, higher relative abundances of Firmicutes were observed in the substrate during the initial stages of experiment. The abundance of the dominant phylum Proteobacteria and its related pathogenic genera Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas decreased in the thermophilic stage while the potentially beneficial genera Actinomadura and Chryseolinea increased. The expression of primary functional genes associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, xenobiotics, and fatty acids was enhanced during the thermophilic phase. Besides, most dominant genera showed strengthened correlations with NO3--N and GI, which were the strongest environmental factors for bacterial communities. Network analysis revealed a new metabolic pathway associated with dominant genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Oceanobacter, whose abundance increased with vermicompost addition. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that vermicompost can promote composting efficiency by increasing the potentially beneficial bacteria, decreasing pathogenic bacteria, and enhancing the metabolic capacity of bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hao
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxian Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwen Hu
- Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Gómez-Brandón M, Martínez-Cordeiro H, Domínguez J. Changes in the nutrient dynamics and microbiological properties of grape marc in a continuous-feeding vermicomposting system. Waste Manag 2021; 135:1-10. [PMID: 34455333 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Finding strategies to reuse and treat organic wastes is of utmost need. Biological processes offer the possibility to transform them into safer end products with benefits for both agriculture and the environment. Moreover, it represents an ecologically-sound and economically attractive alternative to landfill disposal and incineration. In this work, we evaluated the feasibility of vermicomposting to treat and process grape marc, the main solid by-product of the wine industry. The long-term changes in grape marc derived from both white and red winemaking processes were assessed throughout the process of vermicomposting from a physico-chemical and microbiological perspective. New layers of fresh marc were added sequentially in the presence and absence of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) forming an age gradient during a 42-week period. An optimal moisture level of 70% was maintained over the course of the process. The pH fell within weak-alkaline levels through the layerś profile and the electrical conductivity was between 200 and 300 µS cm-1, providing optimum conditions for earthworm growth. The mass loss caused by earthworm activity led to an increased content of macro- and micronutrients at the end of the trial. An overall decrease in microbial biomass and its activity, indicative of a stabilised material, was also recorded with depth of layer. Altogether, this points to vermicomposting as a suitable management system for processing grape marc with a dual purpose, that is fertilizer production and environment protection. This is especially relevant in the current attempts to reach a fully circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
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Jacques RG, Allison G, Shaw P, Griffith GW, Scullion J. Earthworm-Collembola interactions affecting water-soluble nutrients, fauna and physiochemistry in a mesocosm manure-straw composting experiment. Waste Manag 2021; 134:57-66. [PMID: 34416671 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm fermentation experiment was undertaken to investigate interactions between Eisenia fetida and Collembola affecting composting processes. Earthworms, Collembola, respiration, water soluble nutrients and compost characteristics (near infrared spectra - NIRS) were monitored on four occasions over 136 days. Earthworms were the main drivers of early changes in composts, increasing the general abundance of Collembola, although responses varied with species. Earthworms accelerated substrate mineralisation and release of soluble nutrients whilst also changing compost characteristics. Collembola alone had little direct effect on soluble nutrient concentrations or respiration; they did however alter compost characteristics (NIR spectra). Earthworm-Collembola interactions affecting respiration and soluble nutrients were mainly antagonistic in the early stages of composting but synergistic in later stages. In the later stages of composting, the higher abundance of Collembola when combined with earthworms resulted in greater concentrations of soluble nitrate and phosphate. These findings emphasise the importance in vermicomposting practice of different invertebrate groups having access to feedstock at appropriate stages of the process. The high concentrations of soluble nutrients released during vermicomposting indicate the need for control measures to avoid off-site pollution and loss of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Jacques
- IBERS, Cledwyn Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.
| | - G Allison
- IBERS, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.
| | - P Shaw
- Centre for Research in Ecology, Whitelands College, Roehampton University, London, UK.
| | - G W Griffith
- IBERS, Cledwyn Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.
| | - J Scullion
- IBERS, Cledwyn Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.
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Tian X, Han B, Liang J, Yang F, Zhang K. Tracking antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during earthworm conversion of cow dung in northern China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 222:112538. [PMID: 34325199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using cow dung to breed earthworms poses a risk of environmental transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to address the occurrence, persistence and environmental fate of ARGs during earthworm conversion of cow dung. The results showed that ARGs persisted through the whole process. Notably, earthworm conversion effectively reduced some ARGs in cow dung, but a definite concentration of ARGs still remained in earthworms and vermicompost (up to 10-1 and 10-2 copies/16S copies, respectively). We found that tet-ARGs were the most abundant in 15 earthworm farms (10-6~10-1 copies/16S copies) and some high-risk ARGs (i.e., blaampC, blaOXA-1 and blaTEM-1) were even prevalent in these farms. Interestingly, although ARGs differ widely in cow dung (10-10~10-1 copies/16S copies), the ARGs levels were comparable in vermicompost samples from different farms (10-8~10-2 copies/16S copies). Notably, earthworm conversion effectively reduced some ARGs in cow dung, but significant level of ARGs still remained in earthworms and vermicompost (up to 10-1 and 10-2 copies/16S copies, respectively). Nevertheless, the concentrations of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn and Ni), the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and total nitrogen content were confirmed to be correlated to the enrichment of some ARGs. Overall, this study demonstrated the high prevalence of ARGs contamination in earthworm farms, and also highlighted the dissemination risk of ARGs during the earthworm conversion of cow dung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Tian
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Junfeng Liang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Noller C, Friesl-Hanl W, Hood-Nowotny R, Puschenreiter M, Watzinger A. Effect of Chelant-Based Soil Washing and Post-Treatment on Pb, Cd, and Zn Bioavailability and Plant Uptake. Water Air Soil Pollut 2021; 232:405. [PMID: 34789952 PMCID: PMC8550514 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The remediation of Pb, Cd, and Zn contaminated soil by ex situ EDTA washing was investigated in two pot experiments. We tested the influence of (i) 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%wt zero-valent iron (ZVI) and (ii) a combination of 5%wt vermicompost, 2%wt biochar, and 1%wt ZVI on the metal availability in EDTA-washed soil using different soil extracts (Aqua regia, NH4NO3) and plant concentrations. We found that EDTA soil washing significantly reduced the total concentration of Pb, Cd, and Zn and significantly reduced the Cd and Zn plant uptake. Residual EDTA was detected in water extracts causing the formation of highly available Pb-EDTA complexes. While organic amendments had no significant effect on Pb behavior in washed soils, an amendment of ≥ 1%wt ZVI successfully reduced EDTA concentrations, Pb bioavailability, and plant uptake. Our results suggest that Pb-EDTA complexes adsorb to a Fe oxyhydroxide layer, quickly developing on the ZVI surface. The increase in ZVI application strongly decreases Zn concentrations in plant tissue, whereas the uptake of Cd was not reduced, but even slightly increased. Soil washing did not affect plant productivity and organic amendments improved biomass production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-021-05356-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Noller
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources & Life Science (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources & Life Science (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rebecca Hood-Nowotny
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources & Life Science (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources & Life Science (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Watzinger
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources & Life Science (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Wang N, Wang W, Jiang Y, Dai W, Li P, Yao D, Wang J, Shi Y, Cui Z, Cao H, Dong Y, Wang H. Variations in bacterial taxonomic profiles and potential functions in response to the gut transit of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) feeding on cow manure. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147392. [PMID: 34000543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms play an important role in the organic matter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Earthworms interact directly with the microorganisms to affect the organic matter decomposition via gut transit, i.e., the digestion and assimilation of organic matter in the foregut and midgut and its excretion by the hindgut. However, how the microbial community ingested by earthworms respond to the transit processes in different gut segments of earthworms is not clear. We used composted cow manure to feed earthworms and sampled vermicompost and the contents of foregut, midgut and hindgut for bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. We observed that earthworm gut transit decreased the abundances of the dominant phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes but increased Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The alpha diversity of bacterial community in midgut was the lowest of the different gut segments, and the bacterial community structure of the foregut was significantly different from the midgut and hindgut. The enrichment analysis results revealed different selective stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the ingested bacterial community in the different gut segments, which extended to vermicompost. The FAPROTAX data indicated that C and N metabolic microbes were enriched in the earthworm gut. Microbes involved in fermentation and methanogenesis were enriched in the hindgut, and denitrification microbes were enriched in the foregut. The N metabolism microbes in vermicompost were significantly enriched after the stimulation of earthworm gut transit (P < 0.05), and the pathogenic microbes of animals and plants were inhibited. Combined with the results of subsequent correlation and biochemical analyses, earthworm gut transit significantly altered the structure and function of the bacterial community to accelerate the degradation and mineralization of organic matter and the enrichment of phosphorus and potassium. Our study suggests that the gut transit process of earthworms plays an important role in regulating organic matter dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuji Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Pengfa Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dandan Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jieling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanhua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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Al Mamun S, Saha S, Ferdush J, Tusher TR, Abu-Sharif M, Alam MF, Balks MR, Parveen Z. Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of Bangladesh and management by application of organic amendments: evaluation of field assessment and pot experiments. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:3557-3582. [PMID: 33582940 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils and its subsequent transfer to crops is one of the high-priority environmental and public health issues of global concern, especially in densely populated developing countries like Bangladesh. However, no effective strategy has been introduced or implemented yet to manage Cd-contaminated soils in order to sustain agricultural production with no human health risks. In this study, agricultural soil samples were collected from 60 locations of 10 upazilas from Tangail district to assess the extent of soil Cd contamination. The Cd concentration ranged from 0.83 to 4.08 mg kg-1 with a mean of 2.17 mg kg-1 in topsoil (0-15 cm), and from 0.67 to 3.74 mg kg-1 with a mean of 2.10 mg kg-1 in subsoil (16-30 cm). The values of contamination factor (CF) indicated that all the sampling locations were found to be highly contaminated with Cd. Pot trials with the application of different doses of biochar and vermicompost in Cd-contaminated soil (0.8 mg kg-1 Cd) revealed that integrated application of biochar (5 t ha-1) and vermicompost (5 t ha-1) was the best treatment that significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plant Cd concentration (72%) and increased the biomass of experimental crop, Red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus). This combined treatment also significantly reduced the uptake of Cr (37%) when co-contamination was present. The study suggests the application of biochar (5 t ha-1) in combination with vermicompost (5 t ha-1) to reduce human health risk and increase crop production when the soil is loamy sand in texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Shatabdi Saha
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Jannatara Ferdush
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh.
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980- 8579, Japan.
| | - Md Abu-Sharif
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ferdous Alam
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 3787, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Symbiotic System Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Megan R Balks
- Faculty of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Zakia Parveen
- 7Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Dhaka University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Tian GL, Bi YM, Jiao XL, Zhang XM, Li JF, Niu FB, Gao WW. Application of vermicompost and biochar suppresses Fusarium root rot of replanted American ginseng. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6977-6991. [PMID: 34436649 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Soil sterilization integrated with agronomic measures is an effective method to reduce soilborne replant diseases. However, the effect of vermicompost or biochar application after soil sterilization on soilborne diseases is poorly understood. A pot experiment was conducted in American ginseng to investigate the effects of vermicompost (VF), biochar (BF), and a combination of vermicompost and biochar (VBF) applied after soil sterilization on the incidence of Fusarium root rot using natural recovery (F) as control. After one growing season, the disease index of root rot, the phenolic acids, and the microbial communities of American ginseng rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The disease index of VF, BF, and VBF decreased by 33.32%, 19.03%, and 80.96%, respectively, compared with F. The highest bacterial richness and diversity were observed in the rhizosphere soil of VBF. Besides, VF and VBF significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Pseudomonas, Lysobacter, and Chryseolinea) in the rhizosphere soil. Higher concentrations of vanillin, one of the phenolic acids in the roots exudates, were recorded in the rhizosphere soils of BF and VBF. The vanillin concentration showed a significant negative correlation with the disease index. To conclude, vermicompost improved the beneficial bacteria of the rhizosphere soil, while biochar regulated the allelopathic effect of the phenolic acids. The study proposes a combined application of biochar and vermicompost to the rhizosphere soil to control Fusarium root rot of replanted American ginseng effectively. KEY POINTS: Vermicompost improves the relative abundance of rhizosphere beneficial bacteria. Biochar inhibits the degradation of phenolic acids by adsorption. The combination of vermicompost and biochar enhances the disease control effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gei-Lin Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Yan-Meng Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Fei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang-Bing Niu
- College of Business Administration, Heze University, Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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48
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Lin J, Zhao S, Yuan Q. A novel technology for separating live earthworm from vermicompost: Experiment, mechanism analysis, and simulation. Waste Manag 2021; 131:50-60. [PMID: 34098498 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vermicomposting is widely acknowledged as an effective and sustainable biological technology to dispose large scale organic solid waste such as livestock manure, crop residues and municipal sludge. The scale of vermicomposting has constantly increased over recent years due to high market demand for live earthworms. Rapid and efficient extraction and harvesting earthworm from large-scale vermicompost has become a bottle-neck problem at the end of vermicomposting. Currently, most earthworm separation is done manually or relies on simple tools, and is therefore low efficient, time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, to explore earthworm separation technology and underlying mechanisms, three major studies were conducted based on the developed separator: Earthworm separation experiment, mechanism analysis of separation, and separation process simulation. The result indicated that under a 45% moisture content of vermicompost, earthworm can be separated centrifugally with approximately 83.79% worm separation rate. The treatment capacity of separator is 21.2 kg of total vermicompost mixture per minute. The critical factor in earthworm-vermicompost separation is frictional force and liquid membrane adhesion at the contact interface of conical separator. The final separated X velocity of earthworms is higher, whereas the Y and Z velocities are less than those of vermicompost. The earthworms are centrifugally thrown to a specific area called the earthworm harvest position. The outcome of this study provides a valuable reference for improvement of earthworm harvest efficiency and for shortening the recycling period of vermicomposting products in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Lin
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Environment and Plant Protection Institution, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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49
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Qin J, Fu X, Chen X, Cui G. Changes in physicochemical properties and microfauna community during vermicomposting of municipal sludge under different moisture conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:31539-31548. [PMID: 33608779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effect of a range of moisture content levels, including 65%, 72%, and 78%, on physicochemical properties and microfauna communities during vermicomposting of municipal sludge. As a result, death of perishable microfauna together with the degradation of organic matter was the dominant response in all groups in the early period of vermicomposting, while the effects of moisture content levels on various physiochemical parameters did not appear until the mid-later period. After the treatment with 78% moisture content, the content of mineral nitrogen was 1.186 g/kg in the sludge, with a 9.36 × 103 ind./g of microfauna quantity and 663.01 g of earthworm biomass. The values of these three measurements in 78% group were significantly higher than other two groups (p < 0.05), indicating that the effects of 78% moisture content were more pronounced for promoting nitrogen mineralization as well as microfauna and earthworms growth during vermicomposting. Specifically, testate amoebae were strongly associated with nitrification process, while nematodes were related to ammonification and phosphorus mineralization, of which testate amoebae had great potential of being bioindicators during vermicomposting of municipal sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xuemin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guangyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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50
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Wang F, Zhang W, Miao L, Ji T, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ding Y, Zhu W. The effects of vermicompost and shell powder addition on Cd bioavailability, enzyme activity and bacterial community in Cd-contaminated soil: A field study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 215:112163. [PMID: 33756288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination has become serious in soil and in situ stabilization technology has been widely used for heavy metal remediation. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of amendments with the doses of 3 kg/m2, including single vermicompost (A1), a 95% vermicompost mixed with 5% shell powder composite (A2) and a 95% vermicompost mixed with 5% modified shell powder composite (A3), on the Cd bioavailability, enzyme activity and bacterial community in soil, and the experiment was conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a Cd-contaminated farmland soil. The results showed that the application of amendments increased the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), available nutrients, catalase (S-CAT), invertase (S-SC) and urease (S-UE) activities in soil, while significantly reduced the Cd bioavailability with the lowest Cd bioavailability being observed in the soil with A3 application. The soil bacterial richness and diversity increased after amendments application, and the bacterial community was characterized by an increase in metal-tolerant bacteria but a decrease in Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. In addition, the application of amendments significantly improved the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and inhibited Cd accumulation in its edible parts, especially, the Cd content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in soil with A3 application was below the limit of the National Food Safety Standard of China (maximum level ≤ 0.2 mg/kg). Thus, composite amendment obtained from vermicompost mixed with modified shell powder can be used as potential remediation material in Cd-contaminated soil. CAPSULE: Composite amendment obtained from vermicompost and modified shell powder had good effects on remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lijuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tianwei Ji
- General Station of Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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