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Thompson MJ, Gillis BT, Hinnant JB, Erath SA, Buckhalt JA, El-Sheikh M. Trajectories of Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Duration, Quality, and Variability from Childhood to Adolescence: Downstream Effects on Mental Health. Sleep 2024:zsae112. [PMID: 38758702 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined growth trajectories of four actigraphy-derived sleep parameters (sleep minutes, sleep efficiency, and variability in sleep minutes and efficiency across a week of assessments) across childhood and adolescence and examined individual differences in trajectories according to participants' race/ethnicity and sex. We also assessed the predictive effect of growth trajectories of sleep parameters on growth trajectories of mental health outcomes and moderation by race and sex. METHOD Youth (N=199, 49% female, 65% White, 32% Black, 3% biracial) and their parents participated in five waves of data (M ages were 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18 across waves). Participants were from a diverse range of socioeconomic backgrounds. RESULTS Across participants, sleep minutes, sleep efficiency, and variability in sleep minutes and efficiency demonstrated significant linear change across childhood and adolescence. Whereas sleep duration shortened over time, sleep efficiency improved. Youth exhibited increases in night-to-night variability in sleep minutes and reductions in night-to-night variability in sleep efficiency. Highlighting the importance of individual differences, some race- and sex-related effects emerged. Black youth and male youth experienced steeper declines in their sleep duration across development relative to their respective counterparts. Black youth also demonstrated smaller improvements in sleep efficiency and greater variability in sleep efficiency compared to White youth. Finally, trajectories of sleep efficiency and variability in sleep minutes predicted trajectories of internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed significant changes in developmental trajectories of four sleep parameters across childhood and adolescence. We discuss empirical and translational implications of the findings.
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Rodriguez VJ, Finley JCA, Liu Q, Alfonso D, Basurto KS, Oh A, Nili A, Paltell KC, Hoots JK, Ovsiew GP, Resch ZJ, Ulrich DM, Soble JR. Empirically derived symptom profiles in adults with attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An unsupervised machine learning approach. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38657158 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2343022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with various cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms that complicate diagnosis and treatment. The heterogeneity of these symptoms may also vary depending on certain sociodemographic factors. It is therefore important to establish more homogenous symptom profiles in patients with ADHD and determine their association with the patient's sociodemographic makeup. The current study used unsupervised machine learning to identify symptom profiles across various cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms in adults with ADHD. It was then examined whether symptom profiles differed based on relevant sociodemographic factors. METHODS Participants were 382 adult outpatients (62% female; 51% non-Hispanic White) referred for neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. RESULTS Employing Gaussian Mixture Modeling, we identified two distinct symptom profiles in adults with ADHD: "ADHD-Plus Symptom Profile" and "ADHD-Predominate Symptom Profile." These profiles were primarily differentiated by internalizing psychopathology (Cohen's d = 1.94-2.05), rather than by subjective behavioral and cognitive symptoms of ADHD or neurocognitive test performance. In a subset of 126 adults without ADHD who were referred for the same evaluation, the unsupervised machine learning algorithm only identified one symptom profile. Group comparison analyses indicated that female patients were most likely to present with an ADHD-Plus Symptom Profile (χ2 = 5.43, p < .001). CONCLUSION The machine learning technique used in this study appears to be an effective way to elucidate symptom profiles emerging from comprehensive ADHD evaluations. These findings further underscore the importance of considering internalizing symptoms and patients' sex when contextualizing adult ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta J Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - John-Christopher A Finley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qimin Liu
- Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Demy Alfonso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen S Basurto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alison Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda Nili
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jennifer K Hoots
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriel P Ovsiew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary J Resch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Devin M Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason R Soble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Gagnon M, Singer I, Morand-Beaulieu S, O’Connor KP, Gauthier B, Woods DW, Blanchet P, Lavoie ME, Leclerc JB. Sex Differences in Youth with Chronic Tic Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: Evaluation of Tic Severity, Psychological Profiles, and Quality of Life. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2477. [PMID: 38731007 PMCID: PMC11084842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) and Chronic Tic Disorder (CT) are neurodevelopmental conditions involving motor and/or phonic tics. Youth with tics may encounter feelings of isolation, diminished self-esteem and quality of life, and academic difficulties. A growing body of scientific literature suggests sex differences in youth with tics, but findings have been mixed so far. Because symptom severity peaks around puberty, understanding sex differences in tic manifestations and associated symptoms during this critical period is essential. Therefore, we aimed to assess sex differences related to tic symptoms, action planning styles, quality of life, and externalizing/internalizing symptoms in youth with tics. Methods: Our sample consisted of 66 youths with tics (19 girls) aged 7-14 (mean = 10 years). Youths were assessed with clinical interviews, as well as self- and parent-reported inventories evaluating tic symptoms, psychological profiles, and quality of life. Results: While no differences in tic symptoms were found, girls exhibited lower functional inflexibility, reduced overall functional planning effectiveness, and higher impairment in the psychological well-being subscale than boys. Additionally, girls had reduced general life satisfaction and social self-esteem. Boys reported more explosive outbursts, higher levels of hyperactivity, and more difficulties with self-concept. Conclusions: Our analyses suggested differences in several manifestations associated with tics. This introduces new perspectives that refine our understanding of sex differences. A better understanding of sex differences in tic disorders may eventually improve outcomes for all individuals living with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méliza Gagnon
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada; (I.S.); (S.M.-B.); (J.B.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Ilana Singer
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada; (I.S.); (S.M.-B.); (J.B.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Simon Morand-Beaulieu
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada; (I.S.); (S.M.-B.); (J.B.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Kieron P. O’Connor
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada;
| | - Bruno Gauthier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada;
| | - Douglas W. Woods
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Pierre Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
- Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc E. Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
- Department of Social Sciences, Literature and Communication, Université TÉLUQ, Montreal, QC G1K 9H6, Canada
| | - Julie B. Leclerc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada; (I.S.); (S.M.-B.); (J.B.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC H1E 1A4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada (P.B.); (M.E.L.)
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Williams L, Oro V, Blackwell CK, Liu C, Miller EB, Ganiban J, Neiderhiser JM, DeGarmo DS, Shaw DS, Chen T, Natsuaki MN, Leve LD. Influence of early childhood parental hostility and socioeconomic stress on children's internalizing symptom trajectories from childhood to adolescence. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1325506. [PMID: 38694000 PMCID: PMC11062022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1325506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children and adolescents with elevated internalizing symptoms are at increased risk for depression, anxiety, and other psychopathology later in life. The present study examined the predictive links between two bioecological factors in early childhood-parental hostility and socioeconomic stress-and children's internalizing symptom class outcomes, while considering the effects of child sex assigned at birth on internalizing symptom development from childhood to adolescence. Materials and Methods The study used a sample of 1,534 children to test the predictive effects of socioeconomic stress at ages 18 and 27 months; hostile parenting measured at child ages 4-5; and sex assigned at birth on children's internalizing symptom latent class outcomes at child ages 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-19. Analyses also tested the mediating effect of parenting on the relationship between socioeconomic stress and children's symptom classes. Other covariates included parent depressive symptoms at child ages 4-5 and child race and ethnicity. Results Analyses identified three distinct heterogenous internalizing symptom classes characterized by relative symptom levels and progression: low (35%); moderate and increasing (41%); and higher and increasing (24%). As anticipated, higher levels of parental hostility in early childhood predicted membership in the higher and increasing symptom class, compared with the low symptom class (odds ratio (OR) = .61, 95% confidence interval (CI) [.48,.77]). Higher levels of early childhood socioeconomic stress were also associated with the likelihood of belonging to the higher-increasing symptom class compared to the low and moderate-increasing classes (OR = .46, 95% CI [.35,.60] and OR = .56, 95% CI [.44,.72], respectively). The total (c = .61) and direct (c' = .57) effects of socioeconomic stress on children's symptom class membership in the mediation analysis were significant (p <.001). Discussion Study findings suggest that intervening on modifiable bioecological stressors-including parenting behaviors and socioeconomic stressors-may provide important protective influences on children's internalizing symptom trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Williams
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Veronica Oro
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Courtney K. Blackwell
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Miller
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jody Ganiban
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David S. DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Misaki N. Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Kara B, Selcuk B. The role of cumulative risk and armed conflict exposure in adolescent psychological symptoms in Turkey. J Res Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38581171 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to risk factors and adversity may cause immediate, and sometimes prolonged, psychological symptoms in adolescents. Identifying universal and specific risk factors in a particular context and examining their cumulative effects is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying psychological symptoms and informing about strategies for intervention. Using concurrent measures, the current study aimed to examine the role of armed conflict experiences and cumulation of other risk factors (e.g., maternal psychological symptoms, socioeconomic indicators) in predicting adolescent psychological symptoms in an underresearched community. The sample included 161 adolescents (54.7% female) aged 11-14 years (M = 12.36, SD = 1.27) and their mothers living in the east of Turkey. The cumulative risk index was calculated by summing the standardized scores of the corresponding factors. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms among adolescents by introducing demographic variables (age, gender) in the first step, armed conflict experiences and cumulative risk in the second step, and their interaction in the final step. Results showed that the levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were predicted by gender, armed conflict experience and cumulative risk. Being a girl was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms and lower levels of externalizing symptoms. Higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were predicted by exposure to armed and cumulative risk. After controlling for other factors, the interaction of armed conflict experience and cumulative risk significantly predicted externalizing, but not internalizing symptoms. These findings suggested that cumulative risk was a stronger predictor of psychological symptoms, and further amplified the strength of the association between armed conflict experiences and externalizing symptoms. These findings can be used in the formulation of intervention strategies and policies to promote psychological well-being in adolescents living in armed conflict zones under multiple risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Kara
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bilge Selcuk
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Thomas KS, Jones CRG, Williams MO, Vanderwert RE. Associations between disordered eating, internalizing symptoms, and behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition in preadolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22477. [PMID: 38433461 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Response inhibition difficulties are reported in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), anxiety, and depression. Although ED symptoms and internalizing symptoms co-occur in preadolescence, there is limited research examining associations between these symptoms and response inhibition in this age group. This study is the first to investigate the associations between behavioral and neural markers of response inhibition, disordered eating (DE), and internalizing symptoms in a community sample of preadolescents. Forty-eight children (M age = 10.95 years, 56.3% male) completed a Go/NoGo task, whereas electroencephalography was recorded. Self-report measures of DE and internalizing symptoms were collected. Higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with neural markers of suboptimal response inhibition (attenuated P3NoGo amplitudes) in preadolescence. In contrast, higher levels of depression were associated with greater response inhibition at a behavioral level. These findings suggest internalizing symptoms in preadolescence are associated with P3-indexed difficulties in evaluation and monitoring, but these are not sufficient to disrupt behavioral performance on a response inhibition task. This pattern may reflect engagement of compensatory processes to support task performance. DE was not significantly associated with response inhibition, suggesting that difficulties in response inhibition may only be reliably observed in more chronic and severe DE and ED presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S Thomas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Ross E Vanderwert
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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7
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Martinez Agulleiro L, Castellanos FX, Janssen A, Baroni A. Family Discordance in Gender Identification Is Not Associated with Increased Depression and Anxiety Among Trans Youth. LGBT Health 2024; 11:193-201. [PMID: 37935035 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We examined the relationship between parent- and child-reported gender identity of the youth with internalizing symptoms in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth. In addition, we investigated differences in sex assigned at birth ratios and pubertal development stages in TGD and cisgender youth. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD), corresponding to baseline and 1st-to-3rd-year follow-up interviews (n = 6030 to n = 9743, age range [9-13]). Sociodemographic variables, self- and parent-reported gender identity, and clinical measures were collected. Results: TGD youth showed higher levels of internalizing symptoms compared with cisgender youth. However, this was not worsened by discordance in gender identification between TGD youth and parents. Over the 3-year follow-up period, the proportion of TGD participants increased from 0.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.6-1.0]) at baseline to 1.4% (95% CI [1.1-1.7]) at the 3rd-year follow-up (χ2 = 10.476, df = 1, false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p = 0.00256), particularly among those assigned female at birth (AFAB) in relation to people assigned male at birth (AMAB) (AMAB:AFAB at baseline: 1:1.9 vs. AMAB:AFAB at 3rd-year follow-up: 1:4.7, χ2 = 40.357, df = 1, FDR-adjusted p < 0.0001). Conclusions: TGD youth in ABCD reported higher internalizing symptoms than cisgender youth, although this was not affected by parental discordance in gender identification. A substantial increase over time in TGD children AFAB was documented. More research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these preliminary results, for which the longitudinal design of ABCD will be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez Agulleiro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aron Janssen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Argelinda Baroni
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Predescu E, Calugar I, Sipos R. Cyberbullying and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in Adolescence: Exploring Moderators and Mediators through a Systematic Review. Children (Basel) 2024; 11:410. [PMID: 38671626 PMCID: PMC11049228 DOI: 10.3390/children11040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Objective: This systematic review explores the intricate relationship between cyberbullying and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents, acknowledging the dynamic nature of these phenomena in the evolving landscape of technology and social norms. (2) Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched, and 14 studies were selected based on the eligibility criteria, focusing on participants aged 10 to 19, cyberbullying roles, and NSSI as the predictor and outcome variables, respectively. (3) Results: Internalizing symptoms, specifically depression and anxiety, emerged as the most prominent mediators. However, factors such as externalizing symptoms, stress, and negative emotional responses (emotion reactivity, negative emotions) were also identified to play a significant role in the relationship between cyberbullying and NSSI. On the other hand, protective factors against the negative impact of cyberbullying on NSSI risk, such as strong peer connections and school engagement, were identified. (4) Discussions: This review underscores the multidimensional nature of the cyberbullying-NSSI association, emphasizing the roles of potential risk factors such as internalizing and externalizing symptoms, stress, and negative emotional response. Internalizing symptoms played a central role as pathways between cyberbullying victimization and NSSI. Additionally, social factors, including peer connections and school engagement, were found to act as protective elements. (4) Conclusion: Continuous investigation is crucial in order to adapt interventions to the evolving technological and social landscape. The study advocates for targeted interventions that prioritize positive social connections to mitigate the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Predescu
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychiatry, “IuliuHatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republicii Street No. 57, 400489 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Iulia Calugar
- Clinic of Pediatric Psychiatry and Addiction, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 400489 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Sipos
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychiatry, “IuliuHatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republicii Street No. 57, 400489 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Kaur N, Adkins-Jackson PB, Joseph V, Campbell MN, Keyes KM. Assessing Trends in Internalizing Symptoms among Racialized and Minoritized Adolescents: Results from the Monitoring the Future Survey 2005-2020. Am J Epidemiol 2024:kwae024. [PMID: 38517022 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms have rapidly accelerated among recent US adolescent birth cohorts, yet there remains little understanding of trends among racialized and minoritized groups. These groups may experience depressive symptoms due to the deleterious effects of structural racism. Using 2005-2020 Monitoring the Future survey data, we examine all racialized groups using within-group analyses to observe trends in high depressive symptoms across cohorts. Generally, across racialized groups and ages, the odds of high depressive symptoms increased in recent birth cohorts. For example, among 15-16-year-old students racialized as American Indian or Alaska Native and Black-Hispanic/Latine, the 2003-2006 birth cohort had 3.08 (95% CI: 2.00, 4.76) and 6.95 (95% CI: 2.70, 17.88) times higher odds, respectively, of high depressive symptoms compared to the 1987-1990 birth cohorts. Moreover, in a given year 15-16-year-olds generally experienced the highest depressive symptoms compared to 13-14 and 17-18-year-olds, suggesting that age-effects peaked during mid-adolescence. Depressive symptoms increased among US adolescents by birth cohort, within all racialized and minoritized groups assessed. Public health efforts to reduce disparities may consider barriers such as structural racism that may impact the mental health of racialized/minoritized adolescents while increasing access to culturally competent mental health providers and school-based services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdep Kaur
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Paris B Adkins-Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mia N Campbell
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Parent J, Highlander A, Loiselle R, Yang Y, McKee LG, Forehand R, Jones DJ. Technology-Enhanced BPT for Early-Onset Behavior Disorders: Improved Outcomes for Children With Co-Occurring Internalizing Symptoms. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2024; 53:246-259. [PMID: 37494309 PMCID: PMC10811290 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2222391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early-onset behavior disorders (BDs) are common and costly. The evidence-base for Behavioral Parent Training (BPT), the standard of care for early intervention for BDs in young children, is well-established; yet, common comorbidities such as internalizing symptoms are common and their impact, not well understood. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential for technology to improve BPT effects on observed parenting and child behavior outcomes for families of children recruited for clinically significant problem behavior who also presented with relatively higher internalizing symptoms. METHOD Families with low incomes (N = 101), who are overrepresented in statistics on early-onset BDs, were randomized to an evidence-based BPT program, Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC), or Technology-Enhanced HNC (TE-HNC). Children were ages 3 to 8 years (55.4% were boys). Child race included White (64.0%), Black or African American (21.0%), more than one race (14.0%), and Hispanic/Latinx (13.9%). RESULTS Families in both groups evidenced improvement in internalizing symptoms at posttreatment; however, TE-HNC yielded the greatest improvement in positive parenting and child compliance at posttreatment and follow-up for children with the highest internalizing symptoms at baseline. CONCLUSIONS TE-HNC resulted in improved parenting and child behavior outcomes for children with elevated levels of co-occurring internalizing symptoms at baseline relative to standard HNC. We posit that these added benefits may be a function of TE-HNC, creating the opportunity for therapists to personalize the treatment model boosting parent skill use with more complex presentations, although a formal test of mediation will be important in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Parent
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI
| | | | - Raelyn Loiselle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yexinyu Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Miller ML, Jiang LJ, O'Hara MW. Experiential avoidance as a mediator of risk factors for higher order internalizing psychopathology in the perinatal period. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:625-645. [PMID: 38265296 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perinatal psychopathology can be damaging. This study examined the strength of the associations between risk factors and all perinatal mood and anxiety disorder symptoms while assessing the mediating effect of experiential avoidance. METHOD Participants (N = 246) completed assessments during pregnancy (28-32 weeks) and the postpartum (6-8 weeks). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine associations between risk factors and latent factors: distress (composed of depression, generalized anxiety, irritability, and panic symptoms); fear (social anxiety, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive); and bipolar (mania and obsessive-compulsive). RESULTS During pregnancy, past psychiatric history, anxiety sensitivity, maladaptive coping, and age were significant risk factors. In the postpartum, negative maternal attitudes and past psychiatric history were only risk factors for symptoms that composed distress. Experiential avoidance mediated the relation between maladaptive coping and symptoms that composed fear. CONCLUSION It is important to assess for psychological risk factors starting in pregnancy. This study identified critical risk factors that are associated with the underlying commonality among perinatal mood and anxiety symptoms. Some of the risk factors as well as the mediator are malleable (negative maternal attitudes, experiential avoidance), creating new possibilities for prevention and treatment of perinatal mood and anxiety disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Miller
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lily J Jiang
- Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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12
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Ehrlich KB, Lyle SM, Corallo KL, Brisson JM, Wiggins ER, Yu T, Chen E, Miller GE, Brody GH. Socioeconomic disadvantage and high-effort coping in childhood: evidence of skin-deep resilience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:358-364. [PMID: 37246563 PMCID: PMC10684817 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for poor outcomes across development. Recent evidence suggests that, although psychosocial resilience among youth living in low-SES households is common, such expressions of resilience may not extend to physical health. Questions remain about when these diverging mental and physical health trajectories emerge. The current study hypothesized that skin-deep resilience - a pattern wherein socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to better mental health but worse physical health for individuals with John Henryism high-effort coping - is already present in childhood. METHODS Analyses focus on 165 Black and Latinx children (Mage = 11.5) who were free of chronic disease and able to complete study procedures. Guardians provided information about their SES. Children reported on their John Henryism high-effort coping behaviors. They also provided reports of their depressed and anxious mood, which were combined into a composite of internalizing symptoms. Children's cardiometabolic risk was captured as a composite reflecting high levels of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Among youth who reported using John Henryism high-effort coping, SES risk was unrelated to internalizing symptoms and was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, for youth who did not engage in high-effort coping, SES risk was positively associated with internalizing symptoms and was unrelated to cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS For youth with high-effort coping tendencies, socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to cardiometabolic risk. Public health efforts to support at-risk youth must consider both mental and physical health consequences associated with striving in challenging contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Ehrlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sarah M Lyle
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Psychology Discipline, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kelsey L Corallo
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie M Brisson
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Black L, Farzinnia R, Humphrey N, Marquez J. Variation in global network properties across risk factors for adolescent internalizing symptoms: evidence of cumulative effects on structure and connectivity. Psychol Med 2024; 54:687-697. [PMID: 37772485 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying adolescents at risk of internalizing problems is a key priority. However, studies have tended to consider such problems in simple ways using diagnoses, or item summaries. Network theory and methods instead allow for more complex interaction between symptoms. Two key hypotheses predict differences in global network properties for those at risk: altered structure and increased connectivity. METHODS The current study evaluated these hypotheses for nine risk factors (e.g. income deprivation and low parent/carer support) individually and cumulatively in a large sample of 12-15 year-olds (N = 34 564). Recursive partitioning and bootstrapped networks were used to evaluate structural and connectivity differences. RESULTS The pattern of network interactions was shown to be significantly different via recursive partitioning for all comparisons across risk-present/absent groups and levels of cumulative risk, except for income deprivation. However, the magnitude of differences appeared small. Most individual risk factors also showed relatively small effects for connectivity. Exceptions were noted for gender and sexual minority risk groups, as well as low parent/carer support, where larger effects were evident. A strong linear trend was observed between increasing cumulative risk exposure and connectivity. CONCLUSIONS A robust approach to considering the effect of risk exposure on global network properties was demonstrated. Results are consistent with the ideas that pathological states are associated with higher connectivity, and that the number of risks, regardless of their nature, is important. Gender/sexual minority status and low parent/carer support had the biggest individual impacts on connectivity, suggesting these are particularly important for identification and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Black
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Reihaneh Farzinnia
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Humphrey
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jose Marquez
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Dyar C, Crosby S, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B, Kaysen D. Doomscrolling: Prospective associations between daily COVID news exposure, internalizing symptoms, and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers 2024; 11:139-152. [PMID: 38737889 PMCID: PMC11081596 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated associations between COVID news exposure, anxiety, and depression. However, longitudinal research examining the directionality of these associations is extremely limited. Further, most studies have focused on the general population and neglected sexual and gender minority individuals (SGM), a population disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. To address these limitations, the current study utilized data from a 30-day diary study of SGM assigned female at birth (N = 429). We examined concurrent and prospective associations between COVID news exposure, depressed and anxious affect, COVID distress, substance use, and motives for use. Further, we examined associations between cumulative COVID news exposure across the diary period and prospective changes in anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. When participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced more depressed and anxious affect, more COVID distress, less positive affect, and were more likely to use alcohol and cannabis to cope. Further, when participants were exposed to more COVID news, they experienced subsequent increases in depressed affect, decreases in positive affect, and increases in the likelihood of using cannabis to cope. Findings also provided evidence of bi-directional prospective associations between COVID news exposure and COVID distress and of a cumulative impact of COVID news exposure on anxiety, depression, and COVID distress. Findings suggest that individuals should balance the need to remain informed about the pandemic and their own mental health when considering how much COVID news to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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15
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Zhou L, Qiao C, Huang J, Lin J, Zhang H, Xie J, Yuan Y, Hu C. The Impact of Recent Life Events, Internalizing Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation on the Severity of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:415-428. [PMID: 38469207 PMCID: PMC10926171 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s444729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between recent stressful life events and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Internalizing symptoms and difficulty in emotion regulation (DER) may mediate this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between recent stressful life events and NSSI severity in adolescents and the potential moderating role of internalizing symptoms and DER. Methods A total of 224 adolescent inpatients (78.6% female) participated in the study, with an age range of 12-18 years old. Data on recent stressful life events, internalizing symptoms, DER, and NSSI behaviors were collected using a clinician-rated questionnaire. A structural equation model was used to test the hypothesized model. Results The rate of NSSI reporting among adolescents in the past 12 months was 65.18%. Recent stressful life events were found to be directly associated with NSSI severity (β = 0.128, P = 0.023). A chain-mediating effect between recent stressful life events and NSSI was also confirmed (β = 0.034, P = 0.023), with DER and internalizing symptoms playing a chain-mediating role and DER having a significantly indirect association with NSSI through internalizing symptoms. Conclusion Recent stressful life events appear to play a role in the etiology of NSSI, particularly punishment and interpersonal relationship events that warrant special attention. DER and internalizing symptoms play a chain-mediating role in the relationship between life events and NSSI. Reducing recent stressful life events, screening for internalizing symptoms, and improving emotion regulation may decrease NSSI behavior among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Zhou
- School of the Fourth Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyuan Qiao
- School of the Fourth Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialing Huang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changchun Hu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Jones JD, Fraley RC, Stern JA, Lejuez CW, Cassidy J. Developmental trajectories of adolescent internalizing symptoms and parental responses to distress. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38389290 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Parents' responses to their children's negative emotions are a central aspect of emotion socialization that have well-established associations with the development of psychopathology. Yet research is lacking on potential bidirectional associations between parental responses and youth symptoms that may unfold over time. Further, additional research is needed on sociocultural factors that may be related to the trajectories of these constructs. In this study, we examined associations between trajectories of parental responses to negative emotions and adolescent internalizing symptoms and the potential role of youth sex and racial identity. Adolescents and caregivers (N = 256) completed six assessments that spanned adolescent ages 13-18 years. Multivariate growth models revealed that adolescents with higher internalizing symptoms at baseline experienced increasingly non-supportive parental responses over time (punitive and distress responses). By contrast, parental responses did not predict initial levels of or changes in internalizing symptoms. Parents of Black youth reported higher minimization and emotion-focused responses and lower distress responses compared to parents of White youth. We found minimal evidence for sex differences in parental responses. Internalizing symptoms in early adolescence had enduring effects on parental responses to distress, suggesting that adolescents may play an active role in shaping their emotion socialization developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Chris Fraley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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17
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Simpson TS, Leopold DR, Wilson PE, Peterson RL. Cognitive disengagement syndrome in pediatric spina bifida. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:87-104. [PMID: 36803439 PMCID: PMC10440368 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2181944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to characterize Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) symptomatology in youth with spina bifida (SB). One hundred and sixty-nine patients aged 5-19 years old were drawn from clinical cases seen through a multidisciplinary outpatient SB clinic at a children's hospital between 2017 and 2019. Parent-reported CDS and inattention were measured using Penny's Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale and the Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale. Self-reported internalizing symptoms were measured with the 25-item Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25). We replicated Penny's proposed 3-factor structure of CDS with slow, sleepy, and daydreamer components. The slow component of CDS overlapped heavily with inattention, while the sleepy and daydreamer components were distinct from inattention and internalizing symptoms. Eighteen percent (22 of 122) of the full sample met criteria for elevated CDS, and 39% (9 of 22) of those patients did not meet criteria for elevated inattention. Diagnosis of myelomeningocele and presence of a shunt were associated with greater CDS symptoms. CDS can be measured reliably in youth with SB and can be discriminated from inattention and internalizing symptoms in this population. ADHD rating scale measures fail to identify a substantial portion of the SB population with attention-related challenges. Standard screening for CDS symptoms in SB clinics may be important to help identify clinically impairing symptoms and design targeted treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess S. Simpson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Daniel R. Leopold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Pamela E. Wilson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Robin L. Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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18
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Lee S, Bernstein R, Ip KI, Olson SL. Developmental cascade models linking contextual risks, parenting, and internalizing symptoms: A 17-year longitudinal study from early childhood to emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:144-160. [PMID: 36453121 PMCID: PMC10232681 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although internalizing problems are the most common forms of psychological distress among adolescents and young adults, they have precursors in multiple risk domains established during childhood. This study examined cascading risk pathways leading to depression and anxiety symptoms in emerging adulthood by integrating broad contextual (i.e., multiple contextual risks), parental (i.e., negative parenting), and child (i.e., internalizing behaviors) characteristics in early and middle childhood. We also compared common and differential pathways to depression and anxiety symptoms depending on the conceptualization of symptom outcomes (traditional symptom dimension vs. bifactor dimensional model). Participants were 235 children (109 girls) and their families. Data were collected at 3, 6, 10, and 19 years of child age, using multiple informants and contexts. Results from a symptom dimension approach indicated mediation pathways from early childhood risk factors to depression and anxiety symptoms in emerging adulthood, suggesting common and distinct risk processes between the two disorders. Results from a bifactor modeling approach indicated several indirect pathways leading to a general internalizing latent factor, but not to symptom-specific (i.e., depression, anxiety) latent factors. Our findings highlighted comparative analytic approaches to examining transactional processes associated with later internalizing symptoms and shed light on issues of early identification and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ka I Ip
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheryl L Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Defina S, Woofenden T, Baltramonaityte V, Pariante CM, Lekadir K, Jaddoe VWV, Serdarevic F, Tiemeier H, Walton E, Felix JF, Cecil CAM. Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Early-Life Stress on Internalizing, Adiposity, and Their Comorbidity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:255-265. [PMID: 37453606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and obesity are 2 highly prevalent and often comorbid conditions. Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) has been associated with both depression and obesity in adulthood, as well as their preclinical manifestations during development. However, it remains unclear whether (1) associations differ depending on the timing of stress exposure (prenatal vs postnatal), and whether (2) ELS is a shared risk factor underlying the comorbidity between the 2 conditions. METHOD Leveraging data from 2 large population-based birth cohorts (ALSPAC: n = 8,428 [52% male participants]; Generation R: n = 4,268 [48% male participants]), we constructed comprehensive cumulative measures of prenatal (in utero) and postnatal (from birth to 10 years) ELS. At age 13.5 years, we assessed the following: internalizing symptoms (using maternal reports); fat mass percentage (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); and their comorbidity, defined as the co-occurrence of high internalizing and high adiposity. RESULTS Both prenatal (total effect [95% CI] = 0.20 [0.16; 0.22]) and postnatal stress (β [95%CI] = 0.22 [0.17; 0.25]) were associated with higher internalizing symptoms, with evidence of a more prominent role of postnatal stress. A weaker association (driven primarily by prenatal stress) was observed between stress and adiposity (prenatal: 0.07 [0.05; 0.09]; postnatal: 0.04 [0.01; 0.07]). Both prenatal (odds ratio [95%CI] = 1.70 [1.47; 1.97]) and postnatal (1.87 [1.61; 2.17]) stress were associated with an increased risk of developing comorbidity. CONCLUSION We found evidence of timing and shared causal effects of ELS on psycho-cardiometabolic health in adolescence; however, future research is warranted to clarify how these associations may unfold over time. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Defina
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fadila Serdarevic
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Janine F Felix
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Vatandoost S, Baetens I, Erjaee Z, Azadfar Z, Van Heel M, Van Hove L. A Comparative Analysis of Emotional Regulation and Maladaptive Symptoms in Adolescents: Insights from Iran and Belgium. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:341. [PMID: 38338225 PMCID: PMC10855736 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotional regulation is a critical determinant of adaptive functioning during adolescence, exerting a profound influence on psychological well-being. This study seeks to deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between emotional regulation and maladaptive psychological symptoms, examining these dynamics through a cross-country comparison. (2) Methods: A total of 224 adolescents, aged 13 to 21 years, from both Iran and Belgium, participated in a cross-sectional comparative study. The study aimed to elucidate the relationship between emotional regulation and mental health functioning, assessing internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and self-injury. A demographic questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Inventory, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Self-Harm Inventory, were administered. Data analysis incorporated correlation assessments, multivariate analysis of variance, and structured equation modeling. (3) Results: The findings revealed a positive association between emotional dysregulation and psychological symptoms across the entire sample. Conversely, emotional suppression, more prevalent in Iran, showed no significant link with maladaptive symptoms but was associated with self-harm in the Belgian sample. Cultural disparities were evident, with internalizing problems more prevalent in Iran and externalizing issues more common in Belgium. (4) Conclusions: Emotional dysregulation emerged as a common factor compromising mental health. It emphasizes the necessity of considering cultural nuances when developing interventional and preventative programs and calls for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Vatandoost
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Imke Baetens
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (I.B.); (Z.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Zeinab Erjaee
- Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran
| | - Zahra Azadfar
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (I.B.); (Z.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Martijn Van Heel
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (I.B.); (Z.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Lisa Van Hove
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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21
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Cimino S, Andrei F, De Pascalis L, Trombini E, Tambelli R, Cerniglia L. The Quality of Mother-Child Feeding Interactions Predicts Psychopathological Symptoms in Offspring and Mothers Seven Years Later: A Longitudinal Study on the General Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7668. [PMID: 38137736 PMCID: PMC10744080 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased risk of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children has been observed in the presence of maternal psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate a potential pathway involving the quality of early interactions between mothers and their children. A sample of 150 mother-child dyads underwent assessment when the children were 3 years old and around the age of 10. Video recordings of feeding exchanges between mothers and children were analyzed to evaluate the quality of mother-child interactions. Maternal psychopathology and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms were measured through self-report and report-form measures completed by mothers. The quality of mother-child feeding interactions at three years of age significantly differentiated (p < 0.001), eight years later, between mothers at high and low psychopathological risk and between children exhibiting clinical and subclinical internalizing symptoms. Clinically relevant child symptoms were notably more prevalent when the mother-child interaction quality at three years of age was maladaptive, particularly in the context of concurrent high maternal psychopathological risk. The study findings underscore the importance of focusing on the early quality of mother-child feeding interactions to identify potential situations of maternal and child clinical risk for the development of psychopathological symptoms and to guide preemptive measures and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Federica Andrei
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Leonardo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Trombini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy
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22
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Wiggins ER, Brisson JM, Lavner JA, Ehrlich KB. The benefits of nurturant-involved parenting for children's internalizing symptoms and cardiometabolic health in high-risk contexts. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2420-2429. [PMID: 37386849 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence that nurturant-involved parenting is linked with children's social, psychological, and physiological development, less is known about the specific contexts in which nurturant-involved parenting is most beneficial for children's mental and physical health. The present study examined how associations between nurturant-involved parenting and children's internalizing symptoms and cardiometabolic risk varied as a function of children's stress and discrimination. Participants included 165 Black and Latinx children (Mage = 11.5 years) and their guardians. Children reported on their ongoing stress, experiences of discrimination, and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety). Guardians provided information about their nurturant-involved parenting practices. Children's cardiometabolic risk was assessed as a composite reflecting a high level of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Regression analyses indicated that among youth who reported high levels of stress and discrimination, nurturant-involved parenting was negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Although children's stress and discrimination were significantly associated with their internalizing symptoms, neither stress nor discrimination moderated the relation between nurturant-involved parenting and internalizing symptoms. Results highlight the significant role that parents play in shaping children's health, particularly among youth experiencing high levels of stress and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie M Brisson
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Justin A Lavner
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Katherine B Ehrlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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23
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Wang M, Richmond LL, Schleider JL, Nelson BD, Luhmann CC. Predicting internalizing symptoms with machine learning: identifying individuals that need care. J Am Coll Health 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37943500 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective The current project aims to identify individuals in urgent need of mental health care, using a machine learning algorithm (random forest). Comparison/contrast with conventional regression analyses is discussed. Participants: A total of 2,409 participants were recruited from an anonymous university, including undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and staff. Methods: Answers to a COVID-19 impact survey, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were collected. The total scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were regressed on six composites that were created from the questionnaire items, based on their topics. A random forest was trained and validated. Results: Results indicate that the random forest model was able to make accurate, prospective predictions (R2 = .429 on average) and we review variables that were deemed predictively relevant. Conclusions: Overall, the study suggests that predictive models can be clinically useful in identifying individuals with internalizing symptoms based on daily life disruption experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Wang
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lauren L Richmond
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jessica L Schleider
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Christian C Luhmann
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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24
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Psychogiou L, Ahun MN, Geoffroy MC, Brendgen M, Côté SM. Adolescents' internalizing symptoms predict dating violence victimization and perpetration 2 years later. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1573-1583. [PMID: 35473624 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200030x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine bidirectional associations of adolescents' internalizing symptoms with dating violence victimization and perpetration. We conducted secondary analyses of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development data (n = 974). Each adolescent completed items from the Conflict Tactics Scale (at ages 15 and 17 years) to assess psychological, physical, and sexual dating violence victimization and perpetration in the past 12 months. Adolescents' symptoms of depression and general anxiety in the past 12 months were self-reported (at ages 15 and 17 years) using The Mental Health and Social Inadaptation Assessment for Adolescents. There were concurrent associations of adolescents' internalizing symptoms with dating violence victimization and perpetration. Internalizing symptoms at age 15 years were positively associated with dating violence victimization and perpetration 2 years later in both males and females, even after adjusting for baseline characteristics. However, neither dating violence victimization nor perpetration at age 15 years was associated with internalizing symptoms 2 years later. For males and females, internalizing symptoms put adolescents at risk for future dating violence victimization and perpetration. Interventions that target internalizing symptoms may have the potential to decrease subsequent dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilyn N Ahun
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Axe Cerveau et développement de l'enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Axe Cerveau et développement de l'enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Axe Cerveau et développement de l'enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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25
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Chiang SC, Bai S. Bidirectional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology: The moderating role of maternal affection. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37771133 PMCID: PMC10978553 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Parenting stress and child psychopathology are closely linked in parent-child dyads, but how the bidirectional association varies across childhood and adolescence, and shifts depending on maternal affection are not well understood. Guided by the transactional model of development, this longitudinal, prospective study examined the bidirectional relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems and investigated the moderating role of maternal affection from childhood to adolescence. Participants were from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a diverse, nationally representative sample of 2,143 caregiving mothers who completed assessments at children ages 5, 9, and 15. Using cross-lagged panel modeling, we found bidirectional effects between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, additional multigroup analyses showed that bidirectional associations depend on the levels of maternal affection. In the high maternal affection group, parenting stress at age 5 predicted higher internalizing and externalizing problems at age 9, and reverse child-to-parent paths were found from age 9 to age 15. In contrast, only one cross-lagged path was found in the low maternal affection group. Findings suggest that maternal affection can heighten the transactional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sunhye Bai
- The Ballmer Institute for Children’s Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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26
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Naragon-Gainey K, DeMarree KG, Kyron MJ, McMahon TP, Park J, Biehler KM. Decentering from Emotions in Daily Life: Dynamic Associations with Affect, Symptoms, and Wellbeing. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:841-862. [PMID: 37771501 PMCID: PMC10538949 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221147262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Decentering is thought to be protective against a range of psychological symptoms, but little is known about the outcomes of decentering as a momentary state in daily life. We used ecological momentary assessment (42 reports across one week) to examine the temporal ordering of the associations of decentering with affect, dysphoria, participant-specific idiographic symptoms, and wellbeing. We also hypothesized that greater decentering predicts less inertia (persistence) of each variable, and weakens the association of affect with dysphoria, idiographic symptoms, and wellbeing. Results in 345 community participants indicated that decentering and these variables were mutually reinforcing over time, and that greater decentering was associated with less inertia of negative affect and dysphoria. Decentering generally predicted reduced impact of positive and negative affect on dysphoria symptoms, but results were mixed when predicting idiographic symptoms or wellbeing. Clinical implications and refinements for theory on decentering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth G. DeMarree
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York
| | - Michael J. Kyron
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Tierney P. McMahon
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | | | - Kaitlyn M. Biehler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York
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27
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Yang B, Anderson Z, Zhou Z, Liu S, Haase CM, Qu Y. The longitudinal role of family conflict and neural reward sensitivity in youth's internalizing symptoms. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad037. [PMID: 37531585 PMCID: PMC10396325 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is often associated with an increase in psychopathology. Although previous studies have examined how family environments and neural reward sensitivity separately play a role in youth's emotional development, it remains unknown how they interact with each other in predicting youth's internalizing symptoms. Therefore, the current research took a biopsychosocial approach to examine this question using two-wave longitudinal data of 9353 preadolescents (mean age = 9.93 years at T1; 51% boys) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Using mixed-effects models, results showed that higher family conflict predicted youth's increased internalizing symptoms 1 year later, whereas greater ventral striatum (VS) activity during reward receipt predicted reduced internalizing symptoms over time. Importantly, there was an interaction effect between family conflict and VS activity. For youth who showed greater VS activation during reward receipt, high family conflict was more likely to predict increased internalizing symptoms. In contrast, youth with low VS activation during reward receipt showed high levels of internalizing symptoms regardless of family conflict. The findings suggest that youth's neural reward sensitivity is a marker of susceptibility to adverse family environments and highlight the importance of cultivating supportive family environments where youth experience less general conflict within the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiming Yang
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zachary Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zexi Zhou
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sihong Liu
- Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claudia M Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yang Qu
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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28
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Hale ME, Morrow KE, George AM, Gayer A, Caughy MO, Suveg C. Maternal negative affect moderates behavioral and physiological synchrony in Latinx and Black mother-child dyads. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22394. [PMID: 37338257 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Positive behavioral synchrony (PBS) between mothers and children involves the bidirectional exchange of verbal and nonverbal communication. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony reflects the concordance between mother-child physiological states. Both PBS and RSA synchrony can be undermined by psychopathology symptoms. Latinx and Black families may experience contextual stressors that contribute to heightened symptoms of psychopathology, yet minimal research has examined relations between psychopathology symptoms with PBS and RSA synchrony in these families. The present study assessed associations between maternal depressive and child internalizing symptoms, mother and child negative affect (NA), and PBS and RSA synchrony in a sample of 100 Latina and Black mothers (Mage = 34.48 years, SD = 6.39 years) and their children (Mage = 6.83 years, SD = 1.50 years). Dyads engaged in a video-recorded stress task where RSA was collected continuously. Videos were later coded for PBS and mother and child NA. Mothers reported on their depressive and child's internalizing symptoms. Maternal NA was associated with weak PBS and negative RSA synchrony. Neither depressive and internalizing symptoms nor child NA were associated with PBS or RSA synchrony. Results highlight the potency of maternal NA on behavioral and physiological synchrony in Latinx and Black families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Hale
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kayley E Morrow
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrea M George
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy Gayer
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret O Caughy
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia Suveg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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29
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Levante A, Martis C, Bianco F, Castelli I, Petrocchi S, Lecciso F. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic mixed studies review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1182309. [PMID: 37397311 PMCID: PMC10313408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the vulnerability of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, paying close attention to their wellbeing at the time is warranted. The present protocol-based systematic mixed-studies review examines papers published during 2020-2022, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms and the determinants thereof. Method PROSPERO: CRD42022385284. Five databases were searched and the PRISMA diagram was applied. The inclusion criteria were: papers published in English in peer-reviewed journals; papers published between January 2020 and October 2022 involving children aged 5-13 years; qualitative, quantitative, and mixed studies. The standardized Mixed Method Appraisal Tool protocol was used to appraise the quality of the studies. Results Thirty-four studies involving 40,976 participants in total were analyzed. Their principal characteristics were tabulated. The results showed that children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms increased during the pandemic, largely as a result of disengagement from play activities and excessive use of the internet. Girls showed more internalizing symptoms and boys more externalizing symptoms. Distress was the strongest parental factor mediating children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms. The quality of the studies was appraised as low (n = 12), medium (n = 12), and high (n = 10). Conclusion Gender-based interventions should be designed for children and parents. The studies reviewed were cross-sectional, so long-term patterns and outcomes could not be predicted. Future researchers might consider a longitudinal approach to determine the long-term effects of the pandemic on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022385284, identifier: CRD42022385284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Levante
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Martis
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Bianco
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Lecciso
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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30
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Andersson MJ, Kenttä G, Moesch K, Borg E, Claesdotter-Knutsson E, Håkansson A. Symptoms of depression and anxiety among elite high school student-athletes in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: A repeated cross-sectional study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:874-883. [PMID: 37527354 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2241783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated numerous changes in daily life, including the cancellation and restriction of sports globally. Because sports participation contributes positively to the development of student-athletes, restricting these activities may have led to long-term mental health changes in this population. Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, we measured rates of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 scale in student-athletes attending elite sport high schools in Sweden during the second wave of the pandemic (February 2021; n = 7021) and after all restrictions were lifted (February 2022; n = 6228). Depression among student-athletes decreased from 19.8% in 2021 to 17.8% in 2022 (p = .008, V = .026), while anxiety screening did not change significantly (17.4% to 18.4%, p > .05). Comparisons between classes across years revealed older students exhibited decreases in depressive symptoms, while younger cohorts experienced increases in symptoms of anxiety from 2021 to 2022. Logistic regressions revealed that being female, reporting poorer mental health due to COVID-19, and excessive worry over one's career in sports were significant predictors of both depression and anxiety screenings in 2022. Compared to times when sports participation was limited, the lifting of restrictions was associated with overall reduced levels of depression, but not anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Andersson
- Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Clinical Sports and Mental Health Unit, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Kenttä
- Swedish Sports Confederation, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karin Moesch
- Swedish Sports Confederation, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sports Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Borg
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology - Perception and Psychophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Håkansson
- Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Clinical Sports and Mental Health Unit, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Zagaria A, Vacca M, Cerolini S, Terrasi M, Bacaro V, Ballesio A, Baglioni C, Spinhoven P, Lombardo C. Differential Associations of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Adolescence and Early Adulthood. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20105857. [PMID: 37239583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) are consistently linked to poor mental health in adulthood, findings in adolescence have been more mixed. Cognitive ER strategies, which involve the ability to manage emotions through mental processes, may be particularly important during different stages of development due to age-specific adjustments. We conducted two exploratory and cross-sectional studies to examine the relationships between cognitive ER strategies and mental health (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms) in two samples: 431 young adults (Mage = 20.66 ± 2.21; 70% women and 30% men) and 271 adolescents (Mage = 14.80 ± 0.0.59; 44.6% girls and 55.4% boys). The participants completed a group of questionnaires, including the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Youth Self Report. We employed hierarchical multiple regressions to assess the unique contribution of cognitive ER strategies to mental health outcomes. Maladaptive strategies (such as rumination and catastrophizing) were consistently associated with impaired mental health in both samples, while adaptive strategies (such as positive refocusing and positive reappraisal) were only associated with better mental health in young adults. These findings support the importance of cognitive ER strategies as potential risk factors for psychopathology and suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation may be beneficial. The age-specific differences in the relationship between cognitive ER strategies and mental health may reflect the refinement of emotion regulation abilities across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terrasi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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32
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Bernard DL, López CM, Banks DE, Hahn AM, Danielson CK. Developmental differences in the impact of racial discrimination on depression and anxiety among Black youth: Examining rumination as a mechanism. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2023; 93:293-303. [PMID: 37155290 PMCID: PMC10332661 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of racial discrimination are pervasive among Black youth, resulting in psychosocial problems such as depression and anxiety. Rumination plays a key role in linking racial discrimination and internalizing concerns. Developmental age has also been shown to influence the extent to which racial discrimination and rumination impact mental health; however, studies have yet to explore the interplay between these factors. This study examined the association between racial discrimination and internalizing concerns among Black youth, whether racial discrimination was indirectly associated with internalizing concerns through rumination, and whether developmental age moderated these direct and indirect effects. Participants included 158 pre- and early-adolescent youth recruited from a community sample (Mage = 11.56 years; 53% female). Data were from baseline questionnaire responses from a larger longitudinal study conducted in the Southeastern United States examining the effects of interpersonal stressors on youth mental health outcomes. Racial discrimination was directly and indirectly associated with internalizing concerns through rumination. Developmental age moderated the indirect link between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms via rumination with the association being stronger as participant age increased. The impact of racial discrimination on mental health among Black youth is informed by maladaptive coping strategies such as rumination and developmental age. Such factors help to identify who is most at risk for the impact of racial discrimination and potential intervening targets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donte L. Bernard
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia
| | - Cristina M. López
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Devin E. Banks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri—St. Louis
| | - Austin M. Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Carla K. Danielson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
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33
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Furente F, Matera E, Margari L, Lavorato E, Annecchini F, Scarascia Mugnozza F, Colacicco G, Gabellone A, Petruzzelli MG. Social Introversion Personality Trait as Predictor of Internalizing Symptoms in Female Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093236. [PMID: 37176675 PMCID: PMC10178967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The personality trait of social introversion refers to the individual inclination toward the inner/outer world. Moreover, adolescents who experience Gender Dysphoria (GD) can be involved in relationship conflicts with family, peers, and friends and experience stigmatization and rejection from society. This leads higher distress in females which are more sensitive to this kind of feelings. This leads in them frequently developing a negative sense of well-being and low self-esteem which increases their risk of internalizing symptoms. So, the aims of this study were: (1) to investigate the presence of significant differences in Social Introversion (SI) dimensions between an assigned-female at birth (AFAB) GD group and a cisgender female group both diagnosed with a depressive disorder, (2) to verify whether the two clinical groups may be characterized by different profiles of internalizing symptoms, (3) to investigate if the SI dimensions could promote the internalizing symptomatology. Our results confirmed the presence of significantly higher score in GD sample for MMPI-SI scale and subscales and showed no significant difference in depressive profiles. Lastly, SI could promote internalizing symptomatology in AFAB underlying a link between SI and depression in this condition which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Furente
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Matera
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lavorato
- Psychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Annecchini
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Scarascia Mugnozza
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colacicco
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gabellone
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli
- DiBraiN-Department of Translational Biomedicine Neurosciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100 Bari, Italy
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Doumas DM, Midgett A. Witnessing cyberbullying and suicidal ideation among middle school students. Psychol Sch 2023; 60:1149-1163. [PMID: 37215735 PMCID: PMC10195068 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a significant public health concern school-aged youth. Although a growing body of literature has documented the association between cyberbullying and suicidal ideation, and the mediating effect of internalizing symptoms, there is no research to date examining the impact of witnessing cyberbullying and suicidal ideation. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study with middle school students (N = 130). Students completed questionnaires assessing witnessing cyberbullying, witnessing school bullying, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. We used structural equation modeling to test a mediational model in which we hypothesized internalizing symptoms would mediate the unique relationship between witnessing cyberbullying and suicidal ideation (i.e., controlling for witnessing school bullying). Results supported the mediational model, indicating the frequency of witnessing cyberbullying was positively related to internalizing symptoms, which in turn were related to higher levels of suicidal ideation. Findings suggest the importance of providing programs to support middle school students who witness cyberbullying to reduce the mental health risks (i.e., internalizing symptoms and suicidal ideation) associated with being a cyberbullying bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Doumas
- Institute for the Study of Behavioral Health and Addiction, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Department of Counselor Education, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Aida Midgett
- Institute for the Study of Behavioral Health and Addiction, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Department of Counselor Education, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Cisler JM, Tamman AJF, Fonzo GA. Diminished prospective mental representations of reward mediate reward learning strategies among youth with internalizing symptoms. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36878892 PMCID: PMC10600826 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent internalizing symptoms and trauma exposure have been linked with altered reward learning processes and decreased ventral striatal responses to rewarding cues. Recent computational work on decision-making highlights an important role for prospective representations of the imagined outcomes of different choices. This study tested whether internalizing symptoms and trauma exposure among youth impact the generation of prospective reward representations during decision-making and potentially mediate altered behavioral strategies during reward learning. METHODS Sixty-one adolescent females with varying exposure to interpersonal violence exposure (n = 31 with histories of physical or sexual assault) and severity of internalizing symptoms completed a social reward learning task during fMRI. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) were used to decode neural reward representations at the time of choice. RESULTS MVPA demonstrated that rewarding outcomes could accurately be decoded within several large-scale distributed networks (e.g. frontoparietal and striatum networks), that these reward representations were reactivated prospectively at the time of choice in proportion to the expected probability of receiving reward, and that youth with behavioral strategies that favored exploiting high reward options demonstrated greater prospective generation of reward representations. Youth internalizing symptoms, but not trauma exposure characteristics, were negatively associated with both the behavioral strategy of exploiting high reward options as well as the prospective generation of reward representations in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest diminished prospective mental simulation of reward as a mechanism of altered reward learning strategies among youth with internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M. Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Amanda J. F. Tamman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Greg A. Fonzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Center for Psychedelic Research and Therapy, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Siennick SE, Turanovic JJ. The longitudinal associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and internalizing symptoms: Bidirectionality and mediation by friend support. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36852588 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing symptoms have been linked to bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescence. However, the directions of any causal relationships remain unclear, and limited research has identified the mechanisms that explain the associations. Given the salience of peer relationships during the teenage years, we examine whether perceived support from friends is one such mechanism. By using a transactional framework and four waves of longitudinal panel data on over 900 youth, we test both cross-lagged and indirect associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, internalizing symptoms, and perceived friend support. Our method represents one of the most rigorous tests to date of the mutual influences among these factors. The results show that internalizing symptoms and perceived friend support were reciprocally linked to bullying victimization, but perceived support did not predict internalizing symptoms, and bullying perpetration neither preceded nor followed perceived support or internalizing symptoms. There were no significant indirect paths between bullying involvement and internalizing symptoms through perceived friend support. The results provide only partial support for a transactional model in which bullying victimization, support, and internalizing symptoms are reciprocally related. The implications of these findings for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
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Yoon S, Maguire-Jack K, Ploss A, Benavidez JL, Chang Y. Contextual factors of child behavioral health across developmental stages. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36734228 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relative influence of environmental contexts (family, school, neighborhood) on child behavioral health at ages 3, 5, 9, and 15 years. Path analysis was conducted on a sample of 4,898 urban children from a longitudinal dataset called the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Child physical abuse, emotional abuse, maternal depression, substance use, neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood poverty, school connectedness, and peer bullying had concurrent relationships with child behavior problems at one or more developmental stages. Early childhood abuse (age 3) and school age environmental contexts (age 9) had lasting effects on later behavior problems. Findings underscore the importance of both multilevel contextual factors and developmental timing in determining behavioral health outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Alexa Ploss
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Yujeong Chang
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chan KKS, Leung DCK, Fung WTW. Longitudinal impact of parents' discrimination experiences on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms: A 2-year study of families of autistic children. Autism 2023; 27:296-308. [PMID: 35585707 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221093110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Although many parents of autistic children are routinely discriminated against, the potential impact of this discrimination on their parenting processes and child-rearing outcomes has seldom been investigated. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the longitudinal associations of parents' discrimination experiences with children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms among families of autistic children and testing whether these associations would be mediated by parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict. On three occasions across 2 years (i.e. T1, T2, and T3), 441 parents of autistic children from Hong Kong, China, provided questionnaire data. Path analyses showed that parents' discrimination experiences at T1 had significant direct effects on parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict at T2, which, in turn, had significant direct effects on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that parents' discrimination experiences at T1 had significant indirect effects on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3 via parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict at T2. Our findings have important theoretical contributions and significant practical implications. Theoretically, our findings elucidate how parents' discrimination experiences may longitudinally heighten children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms by adversely affecting parental well-being and parent-child and inter-parental relationships. Practically, our findings highlight the importance of designing and implementing community-based stigma reduction programs and family-based stigma coping interventions to reduce parents' discrimination experiences and associated adverse outcomes on well-being, parenting, marriage, and child development.
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Hilt LM, Swords CM, Webb CA. Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness Mobile Application for Ruminative Adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36622879 PMCID: PMC10329729 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2158840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rumination is a risk factor for the development of internalizing psychopathology that often emerges during adolescence. The goal of the present study was to test a mindfulness mobile app intervention designed to reduce rumination. METHOD Ruminative adolescents (N = 152; 59% girls, 18% racial/ethnic minority, Mage = 13.72, SD = .89) were randomly assigned to use a mobile app 3 times per day for 3 weeks that delivered brief mindfulness exercises or a mood monitoring-only control. Participants reported on rumination, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms at baseline, post-intervention and at 3 follow-up timepoints: 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months post-intervention. Parents reported on internalizing symptoms. RESULTS There was a significant Time X Condition effect at post-intervention for rumination, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, such that participants in the mindfulness intervention showed improvements relative to those in the control condition. The effect for rumination lasted through the 6-week follow-up period; however, group differences were generally not observed throughout the follow-up period, which may indicate that continued practice is needed for gains to be maintained. CONCLUSIONS This intervention may have the potential to prevent the development of psychopathology and should be tested in a longitudinal study assessing affective disorder onset, especially in populations with limited access to conventional, in person mental health care.This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier NCT03900416).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M. Hilt
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, U.S
| | - Caroline M. Swords
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, U.S
| | - Christian A. Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, MA, U.S
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Patel TA, Cougle JR. Submissive behavior as a transdiagnostic construct: Associations with internalizing symptoms and distress intolerance. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1314-1327. [PMID: 36603203 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Submissive behavior is associated with significant impairment and negative life outcomes. The goal of the present study was to determine the transdiagnostic nature of submissive behavior by observing its association with internalizing symptoms (i.e., social anxiety, depression, and worry) and distress intolerance. Additionally, we sought to determine the moderating role of gender in these relationships. METHOD We used a community sample (N = 208) to evaluate the hypothesized relationships between submissive behavior and internalizing symptoms. RESULTS All three internalizing symptoms were uniquely associated with greater submissive behavior when covarying for each other. Distress intolerance was also uniquely positively related to submissive behavior respective of general distress. Moderation analyses revealed that the associations between social anxiety, worry, and distress intolerance with submissive behavior were stronger in men rather than women. CONCLUSION The present study provides novel evidence for the relevance of submissive behavior to internalizing symptoms and distress intolerance. We discuss clinical implications and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan A Patel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jesse R Cougle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Ross A, Grove R, McAloon J. The relationship between camouflaging and mental health in autistic children and adolescents. Autism Res 2023; 16:190-199. [PMID: 36416274 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Camouflaging involves the masking of autistic traits in social situations. While camouflaging may function as a potential barrier to the early diagnosis of autism, minimal research into camouflaging in autistic young people has been conducted. It is also important to evaluate the impact of camouflaging on the mental health of autistic children and adolescents. This study evaluated camouflaging in a sample of 359 female and 374 male autistic children and adolescents (4-17 years, 48.9% females). Findings indicated that camouflaging was a significant predictor of internalizing (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatic complaints) symptoms, when controlling for age, gender, and IQ. We also found evidence for some gender differences in camouflaging. Parents endorsed more autistic traits for females compared with males, whereas there were no differences in autistic traits across sex in the clinician-administered assessment. There was also evidence for a relationship between age and camouflaging, with adolescents showing a larger discrepancy between parent and clinician reported autistic traits. This has implications for clinical assessment and future research and is important for understanding how best to support the mental health of autistic children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ross
- Family Child Behaviour Clinic, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Grove
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John McAloon
- Family Child Behaviour Clinic, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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Wen W, Chen S, Hazen-Swann N, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Shen Y, Kim SY. Cultural stressors, internalizing symptoms, and parent-child alienation among Mexican-origin adolescents. Fam Relat 2022; 71:1977-1992. [PMID: 38170013 PMCID: PMC10760991 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective The current study investigated the relation of various cultural stressors, parent-child alienation, and Mexican-origin adolescents' internalizing symptoms at both between- and within-person levels across the course of adolescence. Background Positive parent-child relationships can be a critical buffer against cultural stressors for Mexican-origin adolescents. However, it is unclear whether low levels of parent-child alienation (a) buffer the negative effects of different types of cultural stressors on internalizing symptoms and (b) function at the individual level more generally or during specific periods when adolescents experience high cultural stressors. Method The current study used a three-wave longitudinal dataset of 604 Mexican-origin adolescents (Wave 1: Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97, 54% female, 75% born in the United States) and conducted multilevel regression analysis. Results At the between-person level, overall low parent-child alienation buffered the adverse effects of ethnic discrimination on anxiety and cultural misfit on depressive symptoms. There were no significant within-person-level interactions of parent-child alienation and cultural stressors on adolescent internalizing symptoms. Implication The findings suggest that interventions should aim to reduce parent-child alienation throughout the course of adolescence to alleviate the impact of cultural stressors on internalizing symptoms among Mexican-origin adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Shanting Chen
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Nancy Hazen-Swann
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | | | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Lammertink F, Benders MJNL, Hermans EJ, Tataranno ML, Dudink J, Vinkers CH, van den Heuvel MP. Vulnerability of the Neonatal Connectome following Postnatal Stress. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8948-59. [PMID: 36376077 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0176-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress following preterm birth can disrupt the emerging foundation of the neonatal brain. The current study examined how structural brain development is affected by a stressful early environment and whether changes in topological architecture at term-equivalent age could explain the increased vulnerability for behavioral symptoms during early childhood. Longitudinal changes in structural brain connectivity were quantified using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tractography in preterm born infants (gestational age <28 weeks), imaged at 30 and/or 40 weeks of gestation (N = 145, 43.5% female). A global index of postnatal stress was determined based on the number of invasive procedures during hospitalization (e.g., heel lance). Higher stress levels impaired structural connectivity growth in a subnetwork of 48 connections (p = 0.003), including the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate cortex. Findings were replicated in an independent validation sample (N = 123, 39.8% female, n = 91 with follow-up). Classifying infants into vulnerable and resilient based on having more or less internalizing symptoms at two to five years of age (n = 71) revealed lower connectivity in the hippocampus and amygdala for vulnerable relative to resilient infants (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that higher stress exposure during hospital admission is associated with slower growth of structural connectivity. The preservation of global connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus might reflect a stress-buffering or resilience-enhancing factor against a stressful early environment and early-childhood internalizing symptoms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The preterm brain is exposed to various external stimuli following birth. The effects of early chronic stress on neonatal brain networks and the remarkable degree of resilience are not well understood. The current study aims to provide an increased understanding of the impact of postnatal stress on third-trimester brain development and describe the topological architecture of a resilient brain. We observed a sparser neonatal brain network in infants exposed to higher postnatal stress. Limbic regulatory regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala, may play a key role as crucial convergence sites of protective factors. Understanding how stress-induced alterations in early brain development might lead to brain (re)organization may provide essential insights into resilient functioning.
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Porfirio MC, Campanile R, Masi G, Purper-Ouakil D, Giovinazzo S, Ascenzi A, Troisi A, Mazzone L. Exploring the Link between ADHD and Obesity: A Focus on Temperament. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121631. [PMID: 36552091 PMCID: PMC9775563 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies support the relationship between ADHD and overweight/obesity in youth. Different mechanisms may be involved, such as temperamental and psychopathological factors. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that specific temperamental and psychopathological dimensions could mediate the relationship between ADHD and obesity. The sample included 100 children and adolescents (78 males and 22 females; age range 6 to 18 years; mean age 9.90 ± 2.5 years). The assessment procedure included Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Long (CPRS-R:L) as the inclusion criterion for ADHD diagnosis, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a dimensional measure for psychopathology, and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, which describes four temperamental dimensions: novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P). While in the whole ADHD sample, the highest scores were found in NS and the lowest in P, ADHD with overweight/obesity, compared to ADHD with normal weight, showed higher HA and RD, lower NS, and higher CBCL Internalizing scores. These findings suggest that ADHD youth with overweight/obesity present specific temperamental and psychopathological features compared to those without overweight/obesity. If confirmed in larger samples, using a control group without ADHD, these temperamental and psychological features may be helpful for an earlier recognition of ADHD patients at higher risk for obesity, and may represent possible targets for temperament-based preventive interventions and tailored treatment programs. These features should be included in the routine assessment of children and adolescents with ADHD and/or are overweight/obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Porfirio
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-062-090-0249
| | - Roberta Campanile
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (MPEA1), CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi Hospital, School of Medicine, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Silvia Giovinazzo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ascenzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Troisi
- International Medical School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Fondazione PTV, Oxford Street 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Montpellier Street 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Stewart SL, Lapshina N, Semovski V, Usova A. Age, Sex and Relationship Strengths: Internalizing Symptom Differences in Children and Youth Within a Clinical Sample. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:189-201. [PMID: 36425015 PMCID: PMC9661912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing problems such as depression, anxiety and anhedonia are particularly problematic due to their covert nature. Due to their deleterious effects on psychological well-being, social connection and education, it is important to understand the development of internalizing problems and their unique contributors. OBJECTIVES Examine whether internalizing symptoms vary by (i) age, and (ii) sex, and whether (iii) relationship strengths are associated with sex and internalizing symptoms. METHOD Using a polynomial model with Tweedie distribution with log link, this study examined relationships for 18,701 clinically referred children and adolescents between 4 and 18 years of age assessed using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health assessment. RESULTS Internalizing symptoms reported by children and adolescents varied by age and sex. Sex differences in internalizing symptoms became prominent after about six years of age with female adolescents reporting higher levels when compared to male peers. An increase in relationship strengths corresponded with a decrease in internalizing symptoms for both sexes. However, the pattern depended on sex. In our sample, females required a greater number of relationship strengths to observe a decrease in internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The current study illustrates a difference in internalizing symptoms between females and males with respect to age and relationship strengths. The results may have implications for prevention and intervention strategies geared towards internalizing symptoms for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Natalia Lapshina
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Valbona Semovski
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Anastasiia Usova
- Department of Dynamical Systems, N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Monni A, Collison KL, Hill KE, Oumeziane BA, Foti D. The novel frontal alpha asymmetry factor and its association with depression, anxiety, and personality traits. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14109. [PMID: 35616309 PMCID: PMC9532346 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is widely examined in EEG research, yet a procedural consensus on its assessment is lacking. In this study, we tested a latent factorial approach to measure FAA. We assessed resting-state FAA at broad, low, and high alpha bands (8-13; 8-10.5; and 11-13 Hz) using mastoids as reference electrodes and Current Source Density (CSD) transformation (N = 139 non-clinical participants). From mastoid-referenced data, we extracted a frontal alpha asymmetry factor (FAAf) and a parietal factor (PAAf) subjecting all asymmetry indices to a varimax-rotated, principal component analysis. We explored split-half reliability and discriminant validity of the mastoid factors and the mastoid and CSD raw asymmetry indices (F3/4, F7/8, P3/4, and P7/8). Both factor and raw scores reached an excellent split-half reliability (>.99), but only the FAAf reached the maximum discriminant validity from parietal scores. Next, we explored the correlations of latent factor and raw FAA scores with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and personality traits to determine which associations were driven by FAA after variance from parietal activity was removed. After correcting for false discovery rate, only FAAf at the low alpha band was negatively associated with depression symptoms (a latent CES-D factor) and significantly diverged from PAAf's association with depression symptoms. With respect to personality traits, only CSD-transformed F7/8 was positively correlated with Conscientiousness and significantly diverged from the correlations between Conscientiousness and P3/4 and P7/8. Overall, the latent factor approach shows promise for isolating functionally distinct resting-state EEG signatures, although further research is needed to examine construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Kaylin E. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Belel Ait Oumeziane
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Sadler RC, Felton JW, Rabinowitz JA, Powell TW, Latimore A, Tandon D. Inequitable Housing Practices and Youth Internalizing Symptoms: Mediation Via Perceptions of Neighborhood Cohesion. Urban Plan 2022; 7:153-166. [PMID: 37033410 PMCID: PMC10081151 DOI: 10.17645/up.v7i4.5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Disordered urban environments negatively impact mental health symptoms and disorders. While many aspects of the built environment have been studied, one influence may come from inequitable, discriminatory housing practices such as redlining, blockbusting, and gentrification. The patterns of disinvestment and reinvestment that follow may be an underlying mechanism predicting poor mental health. In this study, we examine pathways between such practices and internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) among a sample of African American youth in Baltimore, Maryland, considering moderation and mediation pathways including neighborhood social cohesion and sex. In our direct models, the inequitable housing practices were not significant predictors of social cohesion. In our sex moderation model, however, we find negative influences on social cohesion: for girls from gentrification, and for boys from blockbusting. Our moderated mediation model shows that girls in gentrifying neighborhoods who experience lower social cohesion have higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Likewise for boys, living in a formerly blockbusted neighborhood generates poorer social cohesion, which in turn drives higher rates of internalizing symptoms. A key implication of this work is that, in addition to standard measures of the contemporary built environment, considering other invisible patterns related to discriminatory and inequitable housing practices is important in understanding the types of neighborhoods where anxiety and depression are more prevalent. And while some recent work has discussed the importance of considering phenomena like redlining in considering long-term trajectories of neighborhoods, other patterns such as blockbusting and gentrification may be equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Sadler
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Julia W. Felton
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, USA
| | - Jill A. Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Terrinieka W. Powell
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Amanda Latimore
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Effective Solutions, USA
| | - Darius Tandon
- Center for Community Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
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Caputi M, Forresi B, Giani L, Scaini S. Cooperation with Teachers as a Mediator of the Relationship between Family Conflict and Children's Psychological Difficulties. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13151. [PMID: 36293732 PMCID: PMC9603383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child conflict can have a series of negative consequences concerning youth emotional and behavioral development. The link between family conflict and children's externalizing symptoms is well established, whereas the association with internalizing symptoms is less explored. Within the school context, children are engaged in other meaningful relationships (i.e., with teachers and peers) which contribute to their growth. This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding whether a cooperative behavior with the teachers is able to mediate the association between parent-child conflict and children's psychopathological symptoms. We recruited 319 (150 boys) school-aged children (M = 11.3 years; SD = 1.8 years) and their parents and teachers. Children self-reported on their internalizing symptoms, whereas parents completed a questionnaire concerning their relationship with the child, and teachers rated children's behavior and internalizing/externalizing symptoms. Analyses conducted through Hayes' PROCESS tool showed that cooperation with the teacher partially mediated the association between parent-child conflict and child-reported depressive symptoms. Notably, cooperative behavior fully mediated the link between parent-child conflict and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms reported by teachers. Difficulties exhibited at school partly derive from a conflictual home environment. Our findings showed that such problems can be reduced thanks to a cooperative relationship with the teacher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Forresi
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy
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Lecarie EK, Doane LD, Stroud CB, Walter D, Davis MC, Grimm KJ, Lemery-Chalfant K. Does stress predict the development of internalizing symptoms in middle childhood? An examination of additive, mediated, and moderated effects of early family stress, daily interpersonal stress, and physiological stress. Dev Psychol 2022; 58:1849-1862. [PMID: 35816590 PMCID: PMC9615637 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress, daily life experiences, and the stress responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have each been examined as predictors of the development of psychopathology. Rarely have researchers attempted to understand the covariation or interaction among these stress domains using a longitudinal design in the prediction of symptoms of internalizing psychopathology, particularly during childhood. This study examined early family stress, daily interpersonal stress, indicators of diurnal cortisol, and internalizing symptoms in a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of twins (N = 970 children; Mage at outcome = 9.73; 52% female; 23.7% Hispanic/Latino, 58.8% White; 30% below middle class; Lemery-Chalfant et al., 2019). An additive model of stress, a stress mediation model, and a stress sensitization framework model each delineated potential pathways linking stress and internalizing symptoms. Supporting additive pathways, multilevel models showed that all 3 stress indicators uniquely predicted internalizing symptoms. There was a significant indirect path from early family stress to 9 year internalizing symptoms through interpersonal stress, supporting stress mediation. Family stress moderated the association between interpersonal stress and internalizing symptoms, though not in the direction that would support stress sensitization. Child stress, including daily interpersonal stress and HPA axis activity, and internalizing symptoms are prevalent and family stress is a significant precursor to child internalizing symptoms across child development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | | | - Devan Walter
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | - Mary C Davis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
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50
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Biondo F, Thunell CN, Xu B, Chu C, Jia T, Ing A, Quinlan EB, Tay N, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Lemaitre H, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Barker ED, Schumann G. Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3086-3096. [PMID: 33769238 PMCID: PMC9693717 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-related differences in psychopathology are known phenomena, with externalizing and internalizing symptoms typically more common in boys and girls, respectively. However, the neural correlates of these sex-by-psychopathology interactions are underinvestigated, particularly in adolescence. METHODS Participants were 14 years of age and part of the IMAGEN study, a large (N = 1526) community-based sample. To test for sex-by-psychopathology interactions in structural grey matter volume (GMV), we used whole-brain, voxel-wise neuroimaging analyses based on robust non-parametric methods. Psychopathological symptom data were derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS We found a sex-by-hyperactivity/inattention interaction in four brain clusters: right temporoparietal-opercular region (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = -0.24), bilateral anterior and mid-cingulum (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.18), right cerebellum and fusiform (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.20) and left frontal superior and middle gyri (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.26). Higher symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower GMV in all four brain clusters in boys, and with higher GMV in the temporoparietal-opercular and cerebellar-fusiform clusters in girls. CONCLUSIONS Using a large, sex-balanced and community-based sample, our study lends support to the idea that externalizing symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention may be associated with different neural structures in male and female adolescents. The brain regions we report have been associated with a myriad of important cognitive functions, in particular, attention, cognitive and motor control, and timing, that are potentially relevant to understand the behavioural manifestations of hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in our efforts to uncover mechanisms underlying psychopathology during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biondo
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Charlotte Nymberg Thunell
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, Socialstyrelsen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing Xu
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Congying Chu
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Alex Ing
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Nicole Tay
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 ‘Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie’, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Lemaitre
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward D. Barker
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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