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Voorman A, Lyons H, Shuaib F, Adamu US, Korir C, Erbeto T, Bandyopadhyay AS, Okiror S. Impact of Supplementary Immunization Activities using Novel Oral Polio Vaccine Type 2 during a Large outbreak of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Nigeria. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:805-812. [PMID: 37357964 PMCID: PMC10938209 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) type 2 (nOPV2) has been made available for outbreak response under an emergency use listing authorization based on supportive clinical trial data. Since 2021 more than 350 million doses of nOPV2 were used for control of a large outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in Nigeria. METHODS Using a bayesian time-series susceptible-infectious-recovered model, we evaluate the field effectiveness of nOPV2 immunization campaigns in Nigeria compared with campaigns using monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2). RESULTS We found that both nOPV2 and mOPV2 campaigns were highly effective in reducing transmission of cVDPV2, on average reducing the susceptible population by 42% (95% confidence interval, 28-54%) and 38% (20-51%) per campaign, respectively, which were indistinguishable from each other in this analysis (relative effect, 1.1 [.7-1.9]). Impact was found to vary across areas and between immunization campaigns. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the comparable individual immunogenicity of nOPV2 and mOPV2 found in clinical trials but also suggest that outbreak response campaigns may have small impacts in some areas requiring more campaigns than are suggested in current outbreak response procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arend Voorman
- The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hil Lyons
- The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Usman S Adamu
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles Korir
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tesfaye Erbeto
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Samuel Okiror
- The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Balamurugan V, Ojha R, Kumar KV, Asha A, Ashraf S, Dsouza AH, Pal A, Bokade PP, Harshitha SK, Deshpande R, Swathi M, Suresh KP, Govindaraj G, Hasnadka SP, ChandraSekar S, Hemadri D, Guha A, Felix N, Parida S, Gulati BR. Post-Vaccination Sero-Monitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Sheep and Goats in Karnataka: Progress towards PPR Eradication in India. Viruses 2024; 16:333. [PMID: 38543699 PMCID: PMC10974862 DOI: 10.3390/v16030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) presents economic challenges in enzootic countries impacting small ruminant productivity. The state of Karnataka, India, implemented a mass vaccination campaign in alignment with the PPR-Global Eradication Programme (GEP) and the National Strategic Plan for PPR eradication. This study was conducted from January to March 2023 to assess seroconversion in post-vaccinated goats and sheep at the epidemiological unit (epi-unit) level, aligning with the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines in the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy (GCES). Before vaccination, 3466 random serum samples were collected from small ruminants of three age groups (6-12 months, 1-2 years, and >2 years) across 116 epi-units, spanning 82 taluks in 28 districts. Post-vaccination sero-monitoring included 1102 serum samples collected from small ruminants of the 6-12-month age group only, across 111 epi-units covering 64 taluks in 23 districts. The PPRV antibody status was determined using an indigenous hemagglutinin (H) protein monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA kit. Pre-vaccination, the PPR seropositivity rates were 55%, 62%, and 66% in the age groups of 6-12 months, 1-2 years, and >2 years, respectively, with a 61% PPRV antibody prevalence across all the age groups. Notably, 41% of the epi-units exhibited antibody prevalence rates of ≥70%, indicating a substantial population immunity, possibly attributed to the previous vaccination program in the state since 2011. In contrast, only 17% of the epi-units had below 30% seroprevalence rates, emphasizing the need for intensified vaccination. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the presence of PPRV antibodies and host factors such as species, breed, and sex. Post-vaccination seroprevalence in the 6-12 months age group was found to be 73.4%, indicating the use of an efficacious vaccine. On the evaluation of vaccination immunity in the 6-12 months age group, it was revealed that over 69% of the epi-units achieved a response surpassing ≥70%, indicating a significant improvement from 42% of the epi-units in pre-vaccination. For active PPR eradication, a mass vaccination campaign (>95% coverage) targeting small ruminant populations aged >4 months is advocated, aiming to achieve the desired herd immunity of >80%. This study offers crucial insights into PPR baseline seroprevalence/immunity status and vaccine efficacy, guiding national strategies towards a PPR-free India and further supporting the global eradication initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Rakshit Ojha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Anand Asha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Suhail Ashraf
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Annett Helcita Dsouza
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Archana Pal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Prajakta Prashant Bokade
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Shakuntala Krishnaiah Harshitha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Ramchandra Deshpande
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Mahadevappa Swathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - GurrappaNaidu Govindaraj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Subramanya Prasad Hasnadka
- Commissionerate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Pashupalana Bhavana, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India;
| | - Shanmugam ChandraSekar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital 263138, India;
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Anirban Guha
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110001, India;
| | - Njeumi Felix
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy; (N.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Satya Parida
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy; (N.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; (R.O.); (K.V.K.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.H.D.); (A.P.); (P.P.B.); (S.K.H.); (R.D.); (M.S.); (K.P.S.); (G.G.); (D.H.); (B.R.G.)
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Punyapornwithaya V, Arjkumpa O, Buamithup N, Jainonthee C, Salvador R, Jampachaisri K. The impact of mass vaccination policy and control measures on lumpy skin disease cases in Thailand: insights from a Bayesian structural time series analysis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1301546. [PMID: 38249552 PMCID: PMC10797105 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2021, Thailand reported the highest incidence of lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks in Asia. In response to the widespread outbreaks in cattle herds, the government's livestock authorities initiated comprehensive intervention measures, encompassing control strategies and a national vaccination program. Yet, the efficacy of these interventions remained unevaluated. This research sought to assess the nationwide intervention's impact on the incidence of new LSD cases through causal impact analysis. Methods Data on weekly new LSD cases in Thailand from March to September 2021 was analyzed. The Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal relationship between new LSD cases in the pre-intervention phase (prior to the vaccination campaign) and the post-intervention phase (following the vaccination campaign). The assessment involved two distinct scenarios, each determined by the estimated effective intervention dates. In both scenarios, a consistent decline in new LSD cases was observed after the mass vaccination initiative, while other control measures such as the restriction of animal movement, insect control, and the enhancement of the active surveillance approach remained operational throughout the pre-intervention and the post-intervention phases. Results and discussion According to the relative effect results obtained from scenario A and B, it was observed that the incidence of LSD cases exhibited reductions of 119% (95% Credible interval [CrI]: -121%, -38%) and 78% (95% CrI: -126, -41%), respectively. The BSTS results underscored the significant influence of these interventions, with a Bayesian one-sided tail-area probability of p < 0.05. This model-based study provides insight into the application of BSTS in evaluating the impact of nationwide LSD vaccination based on the national-level data. The present study is groundbreaking in two respects: it is the first study to quantify the causal effects of a mass vaccination intervention on the LSD outbreak in Thailand, and it stands as the only endeavor of its kind in the Asian context. The insights collected from this study hold potential value for policymakers in Thailand and other countries at risk of LSD outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orapun Arjkumpa
- The 4 Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chalita Jainonthee
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Roderick Salvador
- College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Katechan Jampachaisri
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Schrimpf A, Jentzsch A, Geier AK, Bleckwenn M. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Skepticism, Reasons, and Concerns Between Mass Vaccination Centers and General Practices in Germany 2021. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:2855-2870. [PMID: 37953979 PMCID: PMC10638907 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s433331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reluctance to be vaccinated against COVID-19 has significantly curbed vaccine uptake. Unlike mass vaccination centers, general practitioners (GPs) might be able to address some of the patients' concerns through their long-term doctor-patient relationship. This study compared vaccination reasons, concerns and skepticism about vaccination, and perceived importance of the vaccine and its hypothetical value between vaccination centers and GP practices. Methods A survey was distributed (07/2021-10/2021) among newly vaccinated individuals in ten GP practices (n = 364) and two vaccine centers (n = 474). Results Participants in vaccine centers stated more prosocial and benefit-oriented reasons for vaccination, whereas participants in GP practices more often stated the GP's recommendation as the reason. Perceived importance of the vaccine in combating the pandemic was rated higher among individuals at vaccine centers and with higher health awareness and self-efficacy. Participants at both types of sites who preferred a GP for vaccination expressed more vaccination skepticism, which was also related to older age, more health risk concerns related to COVID-19 vaccines, and lower perceived importance of the vaccine. Conclusion Our results indicate opportunities for framing future vaccination campaigns that include vaccination centers. Additionally, a rapid GP involvement in future mass vaccinations might be crucial for overcoming attitudinal barriers and achieving higher vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schrimpf
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Jentzsch
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Geier
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Bleckwenn
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Feng YX, Hu H, Wong YY, Yao X, He ML. Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051349. [PMID: 37242591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. Examples include people in rural areas with restricted vaccine storage facilities and medical professionals, elderly and disabled people with limited mobility, infants and young children afraid of pain. Currently, in the late stage of fighting against COVID-19, the main task is to increase the coverage of vaccines, especially for special populations. To address this challenge, microneedle-based vaccines have great potential to increase global vaccination rates and save many lives. This review describes the current progress of microneedles as a vaccine delivery system and its prospects in achieving mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518071, China
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Rowh M, Rowh A, Lambert S, Nickerson H, Webb C. Drive-Through Mass Vaccination Center Operations in a Rural, Medically Underserved Area Using Military Civilian Partnership During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e354. [PMID: 36924184 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, mass vaccination centers became an essential element of the public health response. This drive-through mass vaccination operation was conducted in a rural, medically underserved area of the United States, employing a civilian-military partnership. Operations were conducted without traditional electronic medical record systems or Internet at the point of vaccination. Nevertheless, the mass vaccination center (MVC) achieved throughput of 500 vaccinations per hour (7200 vaccinations in 2 days), which is comparable with the performance of other models in more ideal conditions. Here, the study describes the minimum necessary resources and operational practicalities in detail required to implement a successful mass vaccination event. This has significant implications for the generalizability of our model to other rural, underserved, and international settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rowh
- CSU Health and Medical, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
- Oregon Air National Guard, 142d MDG Detachment 1/CERFP, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adam Rowh
- Oregon Air National Guard, 142d MDG Detachment 1/CERFP, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven Lambert
- Jackson County Emergency Management, Jackson County, OR, USA
| | | | - Christopher Webb
- Oregon Air National Guard, 142d MDG Detachment 1/CERFP, Portland, OR, USA
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Rowh A, Rowh M, Goodman M. Emergency Department Treatment Provides Immediate and Durable Relief Following Vaccine Injury: A Case Report. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2023; 7:29-32. [PMID: 36859331 PMCID: PMC9983336 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2022.11.57642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intramuscular administration of vaccines into the deltoid muscle is the recommended route for most vaccines in adults. Ectopic injection into the subdeltoid/subacromial bursa can produce an inflammatory bursitis that is associated with significant long-term morbidity. CASE REPORT We describe a novel approach to treatment of this condition: ultrasound-guided administration of dexamethasone by the emergency physician within six hours of vaccine administration. This approach resulted in complete and durable long-term resolution of symptoms with no functional impairment. CONCLUSION This outcome is superior to that described for usual care, and the approach is well-suited to emergency physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rowh
- University of Colorado Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loveland, Colorado
| | - Marta Rowh
- University of Colorado Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loveland, Colorado,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mark Goodman
- St. Charles Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bend, Oregon
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Doliński D, Kulesza W, Rędzio AM, Muniak P, Guzek M, Silczuk A, Gujski M. The Effects of Offering Freedom to Comply by Pediatricians and Nurses, Using the But-You-Are-Free (BYAF) Technique, on Vaccination Compliance on 185 Parents of Newborn Babies Conducted in Outpatient Clinics in Poland Between January 2022 and July 2022. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938743. [PMID: 36597299 PMCID: PMC9827711 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate, in outpatient clinics in Poland between January 2022 and July 2022, the effectiveness of the But-You-Are-Free (BYAF) social influence technique by healthcare professionals during interaction with 185 parents deciding about vaccinating (eg, Hexacima, Prevenor 13, Synflorix, Rotateq, Act Hib, Boostrix, Pentaxim, DTP, Imovax, Priorix, MMR, Tetracim, Adacel, Euvax B, Fuvax, FSME, Varilix, Nimenrix, Bexero vaccines) their babies. MATERIAL AND METHODS During an interaction with pediatricians or nurses, the parents were encouraged to vaccinate their babies. In experimental condition (111 interactions), the BYAF technique was employed, and the phrase "But you are free" was added at the end of the conversation. In the control condition (74 interactions), it was not employed. RESULTS In the experimental condition, 71 (64%) participants declared intention to vaccinate their children. In the control condition, it 61 (84%) participants declared intention to vaccinate (the difference in percentages was significant: P=0.006). The number of parents who actually vaccinated their babies in the experimental condition was 92 (83%) and in the control condition it was 70 (95%; P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that participants who were exposed to the BYAF technique declared lower intentions to vaccinate their babies, and vaccinated them less often than those in the control condition. This result critically highlights that this technique should not be employed in the medical settings of pediatric vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Doliński
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kulesza
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Magdalena Rędzio
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Muniak
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marika Guzek
- Medical Projects and Patients’ Health, Medical-Diagnostic Center in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Silczuk
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Paradia PK, Bhavale R, Agnihotri T, Jain A. A Review on Edible Vaccines and Biopharmaceutical Products from Plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:495-509. [PMID: 35927823 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220803151039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants have substantial potential for the development of various biopharmaceuticals. Plants provide a cost-effective and direct source for the production of biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, proteins, enzymes, and hormones. In most cases, purification is an important and expensive step in the production of these substances. The problem can be resolved when it is produced in plants and the whole plant can be consumed. Direct ingestion of plant materials may help in overcoming the purification step. Being produced in seeds, fruits and tubers, it helps in providing more immunization in developing countries at a cheaper rate. Moreover, it can be administered more efficiently than any other dosage forms. This review focuses on various immunization and therapeutic products that are produced in plants along with currently available formulations in each category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Paradia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Gujrat, India
| | - Rameshwar Bhavale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Gujrat, India
| | - Tejas Agnihotri
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Gujrat, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Gujrat, India
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10
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Abstract
CONTEXT Implementation of a population-based COVID-19 vaccine strategy, with a tailored approach to reduce inequities in 2-dose coverage, by a mid-sized local public health agency in southeastern Ontario, Canada. PROGRAM Coverage maps and crude and age-standardized coverage rates by material and social deprivation, urban/rural status, and sex were calculated biweekly and reviewed by local public health planners. In collaboration with community partners, the results guided targeted strategies to enhance uptake for marginalized populations. EVALUATION The largest gaps in vaccine coverage were for those living in more materially deprived areas and rural residents-coverage was lower by 10.9% (95% confidence interval: -11.8 to -10.0) and 9.3% (95% confidence interval: -10.4 to -8.1) for these groups compared with living in less deprived areas and urban residents, respectively. The gaps for all health equity indicators decreased statistically significantly over time. Targeted strategies included expanding clinic operating hours and availability of walk-in appointments, mobile clinics targeted to marginalized populations, leveraging primary care partners to provide pop-up clinics in rural and materially and socially deprived areas, and collaborating with multiple partners to coordinate communication efforts, especially in rural areas. DISCUSSION The scale and scope of monitoring and improving local vaccine uptake are unprecedented. Regular review of health equity indicators provided critical situational awareness for decision makers, allowing partners to align and tailor strategies locally and in collaboration with one another. Health care providers and pharmacies/pharmacists are key partners who require innovative support to increase uptake in marginalized groups. Continued engagement of other community partners such as schools, municipalities, and local service groups is also crucial. A "hyper local" approach is needed along with commitment from partners in all sectors and at all levels to reduce barriers to vaccination that lie further upstream for marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Carter
- Office of the Medical Officer of Health, Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Drs Carter and Guan, Mss Biro and Maier, and Mr Shingler); and Departments of Public Health Sciences (Dr Carter) and Family Medicine (Dr Guan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Biro
- Office of the Medical Officer of Health, Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Drs Carter and Guan, Mss Biro and Maier, and Mr Shingler); and Departments of Public Health Sciences (Dr Carter) and Family Medicine (Dr Guan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Maier
- Office of the Medical Officer of Health, Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Drs Carter and Guan, Mss Biro and Maier, and Mr Shingler); and Departments of Public Health Sciences (Dr Carter) and Family Medicine (Dr Guan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clint Shingler
- Office of the Medical Officer of Health, Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Drs Carter and Guan, Mss Biro and Maier, and Mr Shingler); and Departments of Public Health Sciences (Dr Carter) and Family Medicine (Dr Guan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Hugh Guan
- Office of the Medical Officer of Health, Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington Public Health, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (Drs Carter and Guan, Mss Biro and Maier, and Mr Shingler); and Departments of Public Health Sciences (Dr Carter) and Family Medicine (Dr Guan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Jentzsch A, Geier AK, Bleckwenn M, Schrimpf A. Differences in Demographics of Vaccinees, Access to, and Satisfaction with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Procedures between German General Practices and Mass Vaccination Centers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1823. [PMID: 36366332 PMCID: PMC9696883 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the European Union, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became available in December 2020. The vaccination campaign in Germany was initially implemented through mass vaccination centers and later joined by general practitioners (GPs) in spring 2021. This study compared population characteristics, perceived access barriers, and satisfaction with the vaccination procedure between vaccination centers and GP practices. A paper-based survey was distributed (07/2021-10/2021) among newly vaccinated individuals in ten GP practices (n = 364) and two vaccine centers (n = 474). Participants in vaccine centers were younger compared to participants in GP practices. GP preference was higher in older participants and those with pre-existing illnesses. Wait time at vaccination site was longer in GP practices, whereas travel distance to site was longer for participants in vaccine centers. However, satisfaction with patient education and recommendation of site were more likely with increasing comprehensibility of the vaccination procedure and physicians' information as well as perceived sufficiency of patient education duration, factors that can be easily modified by all vaccination sites. Our results demonstrate that both types of vaccination sites complement each other in terms of accessibility and target population and that satisfaction with the vaccination procedure can be promoted at all sites by an easy-to-understand process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jentzsch
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Kenarkoohi A, Mohamadi J, Pakzad I, Sayyadi H, Falahi S. COVID-19 Mass Vaccination and Flu Season: Concern for Decreased Public Health Measures and Worsening the Influenza Situation. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 23:e030922208520. [PMID: 36056829 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220903145208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reports show that other ordinary childhood infections like measles or influenza are likely to reemerge. The re-emergence of infectious diseases may happen due to the direct impact of the pandemic on the community because of decreased access to health and medical services, interrupted transport systems, weaknesses in the supply chain, flight restrictions, closings of the border, and international trade problems. The most prevalent cause (60.9%) for low vaccine uptake and coverage during the current pandemic was fear of exposure to the COVID-19 virus outside the home. The expectation and hope that the pattern of reduction in transmission and number of influenza cases will continue over the next flu season depend on continued adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions and their long-term application. But there is always the fear and threat of increasing the spread of influenza by reducing the movement restrictions and low adherence to protective health measures due to vaccination. So far, not much information has been published about the interaction between different infectious diseases in the background of the coronavirus pandemic and related interventions. The purpose of this article is to examine the general effects of the COVID-19 vaccination on the spread of influenza in the coming seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jasem Mohamadi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sayyadi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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13
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Winner H, Kimpel J, Krammer F, von Laer D, Paetzold J. Can high COVID-19 vaccination rates in adults help protect unvaccinated children? Evidence from a unique mass vaccination campaign, Schwaz/Austria, March 2021. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 36177866 PMCID: PMC9524054 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.39.2101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background After an outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant in the district of Schwaz/Austria, vaccination with Comirnaty vaccine (BNT162b2 mRNA, BioNTech-Pfizer) had been offered to all adult inhabitants (≥ 16 years) in March 2021. This made Schwaz one of the most vaccinated regions in Europe at that time (70% of the adult population took up the offer). In contrast, all other Austrian districts remained with low vaccine coverage. Aim We studied whether this rapid mass vaccination campaign provided indirect protection to unvaccinated individuals such as children (< 16 years) living in the same district. Methods To study the effect of the campaign we used two complementary approaches. We compared infection rates among the population of children (< 16 years) in Schwaz with (i) the child population from similar districts (using the synthetic control method), and (ii) with the child population from municipalities along the border of Schwaz not included in the campaign (using an event study approach). Results Before the campaign, we observed very similar infection spread across the cohort of children in Schwaz and the control regions. After the campaign, we found a significant reduction of new cases among children of −64.5% (95%-CI: −82.0 to −30.2%) relative to adjacent border municipalities (using the event study model). Employing the synthetic control method, we observed a significant reduction of −42.8% in the same cohort. Conclusion Our results constitute novel evidence of an indirect protection effect from a group of vaccinated individuals to an unvaccinated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Winner
- University of Salzburg, Department of Economics, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörg Paetzold
- University of Salzburg, Department of Economics, Salzburg, Austria
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14
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Gunasekera U, Biswal JK, Machado G, Ranjan R, Subramaniam S, Rout M, Mohapatra JK, Pattnaik B, Singh RP, Arzt J, Perez A, VanderWaal K. Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008-2016. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1936-e1950. [PMID: 35306749 PMCID: PMC9790522 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of serotypes O, A and Asia1 is frequent. Here, we provide an epidemiological assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence. The objective of this study was assessing the contribution of mass vaccination campaigns in reducing the risk of FMD in India from 2008 to 2016 by evaluating sero-monitoring data and modelling the spatiotemporal dynamics of reported outbreaks. Through analyzing antibody titre data from >1 million animals sampled as part of pre- and post-vaccination monitoring, we show that the percent of animals with inferred immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across states but generally increased through time. In addition, the number of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of animals with inferred protection. We then analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks across states using a Bayesian space-time model. This approach provides better acuity to disentangle the effect of mass vaccination programs on outbreak occurrence, while accounting for other factors that contribute to spatiotemporal variability in outbreak counts, notably proximity to international borders and inherent spatiotemporal correlations in incidence. This model demonstrated a ∼50% reduction in the risk of outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program. In addition, after controlling for spatial autocorrelation in the data, states that had international borders experienced heightened risk of FMD outbreaks. These findings help inform risk-based control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing reported clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umanga Gunasekera
- Department of Veterinary Population MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- ICAR‐Directorate of Foot and Mouth DiseaseMukteswarNainitalUttarakhandIndia
| | | | - Manoranjan Rout
- ICAR‐Directorate of Foot and Mouth DiseaseMukteswarNainitalUttarakhandIndia
| | | | - Bramhadev Pattnaik
- ICAR‐Directorate of Foot and Mouth DiseaseMukteswarNainitalUttarakhandIndia
| | | | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA‐ARSPlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew YorkUSA
| | - Andres Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
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15
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Skaggs MD, Wendel SK, Zane RD, Resnick-Ault D. COVID-19 Vaccine Clinic Real-Time Throughput Analysis: Development and Implementation of an Innovative Data Collection Tool. J Healthc Qual 2022; 44:201-209. [PMID: 35343922 PMCID: PMC9245533 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented the healthcare system with a plethora of challenges, including implementation of an efficient vaccination strategy. Mass vaccinations have been used during previous pandemics; however, the associated data have largely been limited to theoretical simulations and post hoc analysis. METHODS An innovative data collection tool was created to deliver real-time data analysis during a drive-through mass vaccination. Patients were assigned unique identification numbers at the clinic entrance. Using these identification numbers, and the web-based spreadsheet, patients were tracked throughout the vaccination process. Static timestamps corresponding to the entry and exit at each checkpoint were recorded in real time. RESULTS Data were collected on a total of 3,744 vehicles over five clinic days. Total time was collected, from entry to exit, on 2,860 vehicles. Registration and vaccination times were collected on 3,111 vehicles. Of the vehicles sampled, 1,588 (42%) had data points associated with all checkpoints. CONCLUSIONS This open-source, innovative data collection tool was successfully implemented in our mass vaccination clinic for tracking patients in real time providing actionable data on overall throughput efficiency. This cost-effective tool can be used on a variety of healthcare-related projects to provide data-driven evaluation on the efficiency of care.
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16
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Kar S, Devnath P, Emran TB, Tallei TE, Mitra S, Dhama K. Oral and intranasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Current progress, prospects, advantages, and challenges. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e604. [PMID: 35349752 PMCID: PMC8959423 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused a deadly pandemic in the 21st century, resulting in many deaths, economic loss, and international immobility. Vaccination represents the only mechanism to defeat this virus. Several intramuscular vaccines have been approved and are currently used worldwide. Main body However, global mass vaccination has not been achieved owing to several limitations, including the need for expertise to administer the injection‐based vaccine, improper distribution of the vaccine, and lack of cold chain facilities, particularly in resource‐poor, low‐income countries. Mucosal vaccines are typically administered either orally or nasally, and several studies have shown promising results for developing these vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 that might serve as viable alternatives to current vaccines. SARS‐CoV‐2 invades the human body via oral and nasal mucosal surfaces; thus, an oral or nasal vaccine can trigger the immune system to inhibit the virus at the mucosal level, preventing further transmission via a strong mucosal and systematic immune response. Although several approaches toward developing a mucosal vaccine are currently being tested, additional attention is required. Conclusion In this article, the current approaches used to develop effective oral and nasal mucosal vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 and their benefits, prospects, and challenges have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Kar
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Developing Science and Health Initiatives, ECB Chattar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Popy Devnath
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Talha B Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Trina E Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Division of Sustainable Use of Wallacea Area, The University Centre of Excellence for Biotechnology and Conservation of Wallacea, Institute for Research and Community Services, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Shakory S, Eissa A, Kiran T, Pinto AD. Best Practices for COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Clinics. Ann Fam Med 2022; 20:149-156. [PMID: 35346931 PMCID: PMC8959732 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global public health crisis. Mass vaccination is the safest and fastest pandemic exit strategy. Mass vaccination clinics are a particularly important tool in quickly achieving herd immunity. Primary care physicians have played a crucial role in organizing and running vaccination clinics. In this special report, we synthesize existing guidelines and peer-reviewed studies to provide physicians with practical guidance on planning and implementing COVID-19 mass vaccination clinics. METHODS PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase were used to search for relevant literature using search terms that included COVID-19, mass vaccination, and best practice. We also identified and analyzed national and international guidelines. RESULTS Forty-six relevant articles, reports, and guidelines were identified and synthesized. Articles included mass vaccination clinic guidelines and studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key considerations for COVID-19 mass vaccination clinics include leadership and role designation, site selection, clinic layout and workflow, day-to-day operations, infection prevention, and communication strategies. CONCLUSIONS Planning and implementing a successful COVID-19 mass vaccination clinic requires several key considerations. Primary care plays an important role in organizing clinics and ensuring populations made vulnerable by social and economic policies are being reached. Ongoing data collection is required to evaluate and continuously improve COVID-19 mass vaccination efforts. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine rollout occurs in various countries, research will be required to identify the main factors for success to inform future pandemic responses.VISUAL ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shakory
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azza Eissa
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Kiran
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Pinto
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Aviram
- Department of Radiology (G.A., T.S.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dana Viskin
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yan Topilsky
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Sapir Sadon
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tamar Shalmon
- Department of Radiology (G.A., T.S.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Philippe Taieb
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eihab Ghantous
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nir Flint
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ofer Havakuk
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., Y.T., S.S., P.T., E.G., N.F., S.B., O.H.), Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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19
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Cuschieri S, Hatziyianni A, Kantaris M, Kontemeniotis A, Theodorou M, Pallari E. Same Pandemic Yet Different COVID-19 Vaccination Roll-Out Rates in Two Small European Islands: A Comparison between Cyprus and Malta. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:222. [PMID: 35206836 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass vaccination strategy is estimated to be the long-term solution to control COVID-19. Different European countries have committed to vaccination strategies with variable population inoculation rates. We sought to investigate the extent to which the COVID-19 vaccination strategies, inoculation rate, and COVID-19 outcome differ between Cyprus and Malta. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health websites and COVID-19 dashboards, while vaccination data were obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control until mid-June, 2021. Comparative assessments were performed between the two countries using Microsoft® Excel for Mac, Version 16.54. Both islands took part in the European Union’s advanced purchase agreement and received their first batch of vaccines on 27 December 2020. The positivity rate and mortality between December and June differs between the two countries (average positivity rate Cyprus 1.34, Malta 3.37 p ≤ 0.01; average mortality Cyprus 7.29, Malta 9.68 p ≤ 0.01). Both the positivity rate and mortality for Cyprus declined due to strict public health measures and vaccination roll-out in early January (positivity rate by 95% and mortality by 58%). In contrast, for Malta, there was a sharp increase (64% p ≤ 0.01) with almost no public health restrictions in place and soaring cases during the Christmas and Carnival period until March, when lockdown measures were re-introduced. A distinctive difference between Cyprus and Malta in positivity rate (14 per 100,000 population; p ≤ 0.01) can also be observed between January and mid-April 2021. However, from April onwards it is evident that the positivity rate and mortality decline (positivity rate Cyprus by 82%, Malta by 95%; mortality Cyprus by 90%, Malta by 95%, p ≤ 0.01, respectively) in both countries as the vaccination roll-outs progressed, covering about 58.93% of the Maltese population, while Cyprus had fully inoculated about 38.03% of its population. The vaccine strategies and vaccination rates were similar for both countries; yet Malta had the fastest vaccine roll-out. Reluctancy to get vaccinated, significant differences in the vaccination appointment scheduling system, and the freedom of vaccination choice for the citizens in Cyprus may have contributed to a delayed vaccination roll-out. These potential contributing factors should be acknowledged and considered for future vaccination programs and potential COVID-19 boosters.
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20
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Chaudhari A, Kartal T, Brill G, Amano KJ, Lagayan MG, Jorca D. Dog Ecology and Demographics in Several Areas in the Philippines and Its Application to Anti-Rabies Vaccination Programs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:105. [PMID: 35011210 PMCID: PMC8749769 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding dog population dynamics plays a vital role in planning both rabies and dog management interventions. Establishing a human to dog ratio and an understanding how the urban/rural nature of the community might affect the overall dog population estimate provides an easy-to-use reference to estimate approximate dog populations in a range of communities. A total of 10,664 households were interviewed in 10 locations in the Philippines (2017 and 2018) to understand the dog population variations among the urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Epicollect5 and OSM tracker applications were used to conduct household interviews using a predesigned fixed set of questions. All answers were recorded directly using mobile phone applications. The survey results showed that for every 1000 humans, there are 256.3 dogs in rural areas, 213.8 dogs in semi-rural areas, 208.7 dogs in urban areas and 170.0 dogs on small islands of the Philippines. We estimate a total dog population in the Philippines of 23.29 million dogs (CI 95%, 22.51-24.07 million). Based on the survey findings from Quezon City and Cebu City, targets, resources allocations and vaccination approach were adjusted for the anti-rabies vaccination program at two locations in 2018, which lead to a 3- to 4-fold increase in the total number of dogs vaccinated in each city compared to previous years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chaudhari
- Humane Society International, 2100 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (T.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Tamara Kartal
- Humane Society International, 2100 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (T.K.); (G.B.)
| | - George Brill
- Humane Society International, 2100 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (T.K.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Maria Glofezita Lagayan
- Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), Department of Agriculture, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; (M.G.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Daphne Jorca
- Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), Department of Agriculture, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; (M.G.L.); (D.J.)
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21
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Suarez M, Botwinick A, Akkiraju R, Pebanco G, Franceschi D, Ruiz J, Reis D, Weiss RE. Automation of mass vaccination against COVID-19 at an academic health center. JAMIA Open 2021; 4:ooab102. [PMID: 34927000 PMCID: PMC8672935 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As vaccines against COVID-19 became available for distribution, the University of Miami addressed several challenges to facilitate vaccine allocation to the highest risk employees, patients, and students. Advanced use of technology allowed for the automation of key processes in the mass vaccination effort, which expedited vaccine outreach and scheduling, while maintaining routine delivery of healthcare services. The University's employees were initially prioritized for vaccination; employees who opted in were stratified into 5 vaccine administration phases. A similar process was implemented for students. When the state of Florida mandated expansion of vaccine allocation to include individuals aged 65 and older, an algorithm for patients was designed, taking into account age, comorbidities, date of last visit, and presence of an activated patient portal account. Innovative use of technology allowed for 19 000 vaccines to be administered within the first 37 days, which comprised 100% vaccine allotment, without wasting a single vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Avi Botwinick
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ravi Akkiraju
- UHealth Information Technology Department, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gilbert Pebanco
- UHealth Information Technology Department, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dido Franceschi
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jose Ruiz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David Reis
- UHealth Information Technology Department, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Roy E Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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22
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Pletz MW, Trommer S, Kolanos S, Rose N, Kinne V, Spott R, Baier M, Lange I. Group Vaccination Five Days before a COVID-19 Outbreak in a Long-Term Care Facility. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1450. [PMID: 34960196 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid vaccination may be of benefit in long-term care facilities (LTCF) that are affected by an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. However, there are concerns regarding the safety and effectiveness of such an approach, particularly regarding the vaccination of pre-symptomatic patients. Here, we report the effectiveness of vaccination in a German LTCF hit by an outbreak that was detected 5 days after the first vaccine doses were administered. In detail, 66.7% of the unvaccinated patients experienced an unfavorable course; this proportion was much lower (33.3%) among the vaccinated patients. Even though this study is limited by a small number of patients, the observation and the comparison with related published data shows that vaccination (i) is safe and (ii) may still be of benefit when given shortly before an infection or even in pre-symptomatic LTCF-patients.
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23
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Anderson RM, Vegvari C, Hollingsworth TD, Pi L, Maddren R, Ng CW, Baggaley RF. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: remaining uncertainties in our understanding of the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the virus, and challenges to be overcome. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20210008. [PMID: 34956588 PMCID: PMC8504893 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past 18 months in scientific understanding of the biology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Extraordinary advances have been made in vaccine development and the execution of clinical trials of possible therapies. However, uncertainties remain, and this review assesses these in the context of virus transmission, epidemiology, control by social distancing measures and mass vaccination and the effect on all of these on emerging variants. We briefly review the current state of the global pandemic, focussing on what is, and what is not, well understood about the parameters that control viral transmission and make up the constituent parts of the basic reproductive number R 0. Major areas of uncertainty include factors predisposing to asymptomatic infection, the population fraction that is asymptomatic, the infectiousness of asymptomatic compared to symptomatic individuals, the contribution of viral transmission of such individuals and what variables influence this. The duration of immunity post infection and post vaccination is also currently unknown, as is the phenotypic consequences of continual viral evolution and the emergence of many viral variants not just in one location, but globally, given the high connectivity between populations in the modern world. The pattern of spread of new variants is also examined. We review what can be learnt from contact tracing, household studies and whole-genome sequencing, regarding where people acquire infection, and how households are seeded with infection since they constitute a major location for viral transmission. We conclude by discussing the challenges to attaining herd immunity, given the uncertainty in the duration of vaccine-mediated immunity, the threat of continued evolution of the virus as demonstrated by the emergence and rapid spread of the Delta variant, and the logistics of vaccine manufacturing and delivery to achieve universal coverage worldwide. Significantly more support from higher income countries (HIC) is required in low- and middle-income countries over the coming year to ensure the creation of community-wide protection by mass vaccination is a global target, not one just for HIC. Unvaccinated populations create opportunities for viral evolution since the net rate of evolution is directly proportional to the number of cases occurring per unit of time. The unit for assessing success in achieving herd immunity is not any individual country, but the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M. Anderson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carolin Vegvari
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research (JUNIPER) consortium, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Li Pi
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research (JUNIPER) consortium, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rosie Maddren
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chi Wai Ng
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Nicolay N, Innocenti F, Beauté J, Učakar V, Grgič Vitek M, Poukka E, Hannila-Handelberg T, Gauci C, Melillo T, Georgakopoulou T, Jarkovsky J, Slezak P, Delgado-Sanz C, Olmedo-Lucerón C, Suija H, Liausediene R, O'Lorcain P, Murphy N, Peralta-Santos A, Casaca P, Gregoriou I, Bundle N, Spiteri G, Ravasi G. Initial assessment of the COVID-19 vaccination's impact on case numbers, hospitalisations and deaths in people aged 80 years and older, 15 EU/EEA countries, December 2020 to May 2021. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:2101030. [PMID: 34857068 PMCID: PMC8641072 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.48.2101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prioritisation of elderly people in COVID-19 vaccination campaigns aimed at reducing severe outcomes in this group. Using EU/EEA surveillance and vaccination uptake, we estimated the risk ratio of case, hospitalisation and death notifications in people 80 years and older compared with 25-59-year-olds. Highest impact was observed for full vaccination uptake 80% or higher with reductions in notification rates of cases up to 65% (IRR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13-0.99), hospitalisations up to 78% (IRR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13-0.37) and deaths up to 84% (IRR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.13-0.20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nicolay
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Francesco Innocenti
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Florence, Italy
| | - Julien Beauté
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Eero Poukka
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Charmaine Gauci
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Msida, Malta
| | - Tanya Melillo
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Msida, Malta
| | - Theano Georgakopoulou
- Department of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention of the National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
| | - Jiri Jarkovsky
- Data analysis department, Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Slezak
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Heleene Suija
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Health Board, Tallin, Estonia
| | | | | | - Niamh Murphy
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - André Peralta-Santos
- Directorate of Information and Analysis, Directorate-General of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Casaca
- Directorate of Information and Analysis, Directorate-General of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nick Bundle
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Gianfranco Spiteri
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Ravasi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
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25
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Velardo F, Watson V, Arwidson P, Alla F, Luchini S, Schwarzinger M. Regional Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in December 2020: A Natural Experiment in the French Working-Age Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1364. [PMID: 34835295 PMCID: PMC8622681 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It can be assumed that higher SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination intentions, although evidence is scarce. In this large and representative survey of 6007 adults aged 18-64 years and residing in France, 8.1% (95% CI, 7.5-8.8) reported a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in December 2020, with regional variations according to an East-West gradient (p < 0.0001). In participants without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was substantial, including 41.3% (95% CI, 39.8-42.8) outright refusal of COVID-19 vaccination. Taking into account five characteristics of the first approved vaccines (efficacy, duration of immunity, safety, country of the vaccine manufacturer, and place of administration) as well as the initial setting of the mass vaccination campaign in France, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance would reach 43.6% (95% CI, 43.0-44.1) at best among working-age adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was primarily driven by vaccine characteristics, sociodemographic and attitudinal factors. Considering the region of residency as a proxy of the likelihood of getting infected, our study findings do not support the assumption that SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Velardo
- Department of Methodology and Innovation in Prevention, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (F.V.); (F.A.)
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Verity Watson
- Health Economics Research Unit (HERU), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | | | - François Alla
- Department of Methodology and Innovation in Prevention, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (F.V.); (F.A.)
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Luchini
- CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE, Aix-Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France;
| | - Michaël Schwarzinger
- Department of Methodology and Innovation in Prevention, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (F.V.); (F.A.)
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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26
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Ramonfaur D, Hinojosa-González DE, Rodriguez-Gomez GP, Iruegas-Nuñez DA, Flores-Villalba E. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in Mexico: a web-based nationwide survey. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e133. [PMID: 34703461 PMCID: PMC8529997 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among the Mexican population. METHODS In a web-based nationwide survey in early December 2020, respondents were inquired about their sociodemographic characteristics and their willingness to accept a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine given a 50% or 90% effectiveness. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with hesitancy and acceptance. RESULTS A total 3 768 responses were analyzed. A 90% effective vaccine was accepted by 85% of respondents, while only 46% would accept being vaccinated with a 50% effective vaccine. In univariate analysis, each age group (40-49, 50-59, and ≥60) was strongly associated with vaccine hesitancy for a 90% effective vaccine (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.38, 0.63; OR 0.33, 95 CI 0.26, 0.41; and OR 0.28, 95 CI 0.21, 0.38, respectively) compared to the 18-39 age group. After multivariable adjustment, similar magnitudes of association were observed. Being female and higher socioeconomic status were also associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine hesitancy represents a major public health problem in Mexico and is driven by multiple factors. Our study provides relevant insights for the development of effective policies and strategies to ensure widespread vaccination in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ramonfaur
- Harvard Medical SchoolCambridgeUnited States of AmericaHarvard Medical School, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - David Eugenio Hinojosa-González
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyMonterreyMexicoInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gloria Paulina Rodriguez-Gomez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyMonterreyMexicoInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - David Alejandro Iruegas-Nuñez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyMonterreyMexicoInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Flores-Villalba
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyMonterreyMexicoInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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27
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Goldberg SA, Callaway D, Resnick-Ault D, Mandavia S, Martinez R, Bass M, Goralnick E. Critical Concepts for COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Site Operations. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e60. [PMID: 34649635 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass vaccination campaigns have been used effectively to limit the impact of communicable disease on public health. However, the scale of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination campaign is unprecedented. Mass vaccination sites consolidate resources and experience into a single entity and are essential to achieving community ("herd") immunity rapidly, efficiently, and equitably. Health care systems, local and regional public health entities, emergency medical services, and private organizations can rapidly come together to solve problems and achieve success. As medical directors at several mass vaccination sites across the United States, we describe key mass vaccination site concepts, including site selection, operational models, patient flow, inventory management, staffing, technology, reporting, medical oversight, communication, and equity. Lessons learned from experience operating a diverse group of mass vaccination sites will help inform not only sites operating during the current pandemic, but also may serve as a blueprint for future outbreaks of highly infectious communicable disease.
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28
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Riad A, Pokorná A, Klugarová J, Antalová N, Kantorová L, Koščík M, Klugar M. Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines among Young Adults (18-30 Years Old): An Independent Post-Marketing Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1049. [PMID: 34681273 PMCID: PMC8696621 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adults had been widely perceived as a low-risk group for COVID-19 severity; therefore, they were deprioritised within the mass vaccination strategies as their prognosis of COVID-19 infection is relatively more favourable than older age groups. On the other hand, vaccination of this demographic group is indispensable to achieve herd immunity. A cross-sectional survey-based study was used to evaluate the side effects of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines among university students in the Czech Republic. The validated questionnaire was delivered in a digital form, and it consisted of demographic data; COVID-19 vaccine-related anamnesis; and local, systemic, orofacial, and skin-related side effects' prevalence, onset, and duration. Out of the 539 included participants, 70.1% were females and 45.8% were <23 years old. The vast majority (95.2%) reported at least one side effect. The most common side effect was injection site pain (91.8%), followed by fatigue (62.5%), headache (36.4%), and muscle pain (34.9%). The majority of local side effects occurred after both doses (74.4%), while most systemic side effects occurred after the second dose only (56.2%). Most local (94.2%) and systemic (93.3%) side effects resolved within three days after vaccination. Females participants' adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed they were 2.566 (CI 95%: 1.103-5.970) times more likely to experience post-vaccination side effects, and the participants who received two doses reported an increased AOR of 1.896 (0.708-5.077) for experiencing side effects. The results of this study imply that mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are highly probably safe for young adults, and further studies are required to investigate the role of medical anamnesis, prior COVID-19 infection, and gender in side effects incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Antalová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Kantorová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Riad A, Huang Y, Abdulqader H, Morgado M, Domnori S, Koščík M, Mendes JJ, Klugar M, Kateeb E. Universal Predictors of Dental Students' Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination: Machine Learning-Based Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1158. [PMID: 34696266 PMCID: PMC8539257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND young adults represent a critical target for mass-vaccination strategies of COVID-19 that aim to achieve herd immunity. Healthcare students, including dental students, are perceived as the upper echelon of health literacy; therefore, their health-related beliefs, attitudes and behaviors influence their peers and communities. The main aim of this study was to synthesize a data-driven model for the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine willingness among dental students. METHODS a secondary analysis of data extracted from a recently conducted multi-center and multi-national cross-sectional study of dental students' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in 22 countries was carried out utilizing decision tree and regression analyses. Based on previous literature, a proposed conceptual model was developed and tested through a machine learning approach to elicit factors related to dental students' willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS machine learning analysis suggested five important predictors of COVID-19 vaccination willingness among dental students globally, i.e., the economic level of the country where the student lives and studies, the individual's trust of the pharmaceutical industry, the individual's misconception of natural immunity, the individual's belief of vaccines risk-benefit-ratio, and the individual's attitudes toward novel vaccines. CONCLUSIONS according to the socio-ecological theory, the country's economic level was the only contextual predictor, while the rest were individual predictors. Future research is recommended to be designed in a longitudinal fashion to facilitate evaluating the proposed model. The interventions of controlling vaccine hesitancy among the youth population may benefit from improving their views of the risk-benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccines. Moreover, healthcare students, including dental students, will likely benefit from increasing their awareness of immunization and infectious diseases through curricular amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Institute for Research of Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Huthaifa Abdulqader
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mariana Morgado
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Silvi Domnori
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elham Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 510 00, Palestine;
- Public Health Committee, World Dental Federation (FDI), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland
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Barría P RM. Nursing and its Essential Role in the Vaccination against COVID-19: New Challenge in a Pandemic Scenario. Invest Educ Enferm 2021; 39:e01. [PMID: 34822228 PMCID: PMC8912169 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v39n3e01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A la fecha de publicación de este editorial ya hemos transitado más de 20 meses enfrentando la compleja y desafiante pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 desde que se reportara el primer caso a finales de 2019. Las consecuencias en el mundo han sido significativas no solo por la morbilidad y mortalidad sin precedentes sino, además, como efecto de los drásticos cambios ocurridos en las dinámicas usuales en lo individual, familiar y colectivo dada la interrupción generalizada de las funciones y operaciones habituales en los distintos contextos de la vida cotidiana, por lo cual se mantuvieron solamente aquellas actividades consideradas esenciales.
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Lugelo A, Hampson K, Czupryna A, Bigambo M, McElhinney LM, Marston DA, Kazwala R, Lankester F. Investigating the Efficacy of a Canine Rabies Vaccine Following Storage Outside of the Cold-Chain in a Passive Cooling Device. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:728271. [PMID: 34660765 PMCID: PMC8511528 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.728271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thermostable vaccines greatly improved the reach and impact of large-scale programmes to eliminate infectious diseases such as smallpox, polio, and rinderpest. A study from 2015 demonstrated that the potency of the Nobivac® Rabies vaccine was not impacted following experimental storage at 30°C for 3 months. Whether the vaccine would remain efficacious following storage under more natural, fluctuating temperature conditions remains unknown. We carried out a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial to compare serological responses in dogs following vaccination with doses stored under cold chain conditions with those stored within a locally made Passive Cooling Device ("Zeepot") under fluctuating temperature conditions. Materials and Methods: Nobivac® Rabies vaccine was stored under either cold-chain conditions or within the Zeepot for 2 months. Daily ambient temperatures and temperatures within the Zeepot were recorded every 3 h. Following storage, 412 domestic dogs were randomly assigned to receive either cold-chain or Zeepot stored Nobivac® Rabies vaccine. Baseline and day 28-post vaccination blood samples were collected. Serological analysis using the Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralisation assay was carried out with a threshold of 0.5 IU/ml to determine seroconversion. In addition, the impact of dog Body Condition Score, sex, and age on seroconversion was examined. Results: The serological response of dogs vaccinated using Nobivac® Rabies vaccine stored within the Zeepot was not inferior to the response of dogs vaccinated using cold-chain stored vaccine (z = 1.1, df = 313, p-value = 0.25). Indeed, the 28-day post-vaccination group geometric mean titre was 1.8 and 2.0 IU/ml for cold-chain vs. non-cold-chain storage, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of dogs that seroconverted in each arm was almost identical (85%). There was a positive linear trend between Body Condition Score (O.R. 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-5.1) and seroconversion, suggesting dogs of poor condition may not respond as expected to vaccination. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the potency of Nobivac® Rabies vaccine is not impacted following storage under elevated fluctuating temperatures within a Zeepot. These results have potentially exciting applications for scaling up mass dog vaccination programmes in low-and-middle income countries, particularly for hard-to-reach populations with limited access to power and cold-chain vaccine storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lugelo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Katie Hampson
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Czupryna
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Rudovick Kazwala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Felix Lankester
- Global Animal Health Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Pedersen K, Kristensen CS, Kvisgaard LK, Larsen LE. Impacts of Quarterly Sow Mass Vaccination with a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 1 (PRRSV-1) Modified Live Vaccine in Two Herds. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101057. [PMID: 34696165 PMCID: PMC8537578 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the use of Modified Live PRRSV Vaccines (MLV) for mass vaccination in Denmark. The potential risks and negative impact of this strategy have been sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of quarterly sow mass vaccination in two Danish sow herds. The study was performed as an observational prospective cohort of 120 sows in each of two commercial breeding herds in a paired design. Blood samples were taken from sows and oral fluid samples from nursery pigs (four to ten weeks old) before and after vaccination. The presence of PRRSV-1 RNA was measured by real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the level of PRRSV-1 specific antibodies was measured by two different serological assays. PRRS virus was not detected in the sow herds two days before and two weeks after vaccination, but the vaccine strain virus was detected in the nursery pigs. The prevalence of sows without antibodies towards PRRSV-1 went from 6-15% before vaccination to 1-4% after vaccination depending on the serological assay used, despite the fact that they had previously been repeatedly vaccinated. Four sows tested negative for antibodies in both assays after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Pedersen
- SEGES Danish Pig Research Centre, Agro Food Park 15V, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.P.); (C.S.K.)
| | | | - Lise Kirstine Kvisgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
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Yuan Y, Deng Z, Chen M, Yin D, Zheng J, Liu Y, Liu X, Zou H, Zhang C, Sun C. Changes in Mental Health and Preventive Behaviors before and after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Propensity Score Matching (PSM) Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1044. [PMID: 34579281 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination against the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing worldwide to achieve herd immunity among the general population. However, little is known about how the COVID-19 vaccination would affect mental health and preventive behaviors toward the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to address this issue among 4244 individuals at several COVID-19 vaccination sites in Guangzhou, China. Using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression models, we found that major demographic characteristics, such as biological sex, age, education level, and family per capita income, are the dominant influencing factors associated with health beliefs, mental health, and preventive behaviors. After propensity score matching (PSM) treatment, we further assessed the changes in the scores of health belief, mental health, and preventive behaviors between the pre-vaccination group and the post-vaccination group. When compared to individuals in the pre-vaccination group, a moderate but statistically significant lower score was observed in the post-vaccination group (p = 0.010), implying possibly improved psychological conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, there was also a moderate but statistically higher score of preventive behaviors in the post-vaccination group than in the pre-vaccination group (p < 0.001), suggesting a higher probability to take preventive measures after COVID-19 vaccination. These findings have implications for implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions combined with mass vaccination to control the rebound of COVID-19 outbreaks.
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Zachreson C, Chang SL, Cliff OM, Prokopenko M. How will mass-vaccination change COVID-19 lockdown requirements in Australia? Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 14:100224. [PMID: 34345875 PMCID: PMC8323620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background To prevent future outbreaks of COVID-19, Australia is pursuing a mass-vaccination approach in which a targeted group of the population comprising healthcare workers, aged-care residents and other individuals at increased risk of exposure will receive a highly effective priority vaccine. The rest of the population will instead have access to a less effective vaccine. Methods We apply a large-scale agent-based model of COVID-19 in Australia to investigate the possible implications of this hybrid approach to mass-vaccination. The model is calibrated to recent epidemiological and demographic data available in Australia, and accounts for several components of vaccine efficacy. Findings Within a feasible range of vaccine efficacy values, our model supports the assertion that complete herd immunity due to vaccination is not likely in the Australian context. For realistic scenarios in which herd immunity is not achieved, we simulate the effects of mass-vaccination on epidemic growth rate, and investigate the requirements of lockdown measures applied to curb subsequent outbreaks. In our simulations, Australia's vaccination strategy can feasibly reduce required lockdown intensity and initial epidemic growth rate by 43% and 52%, respectively. The severity of epidemics, as measured by the peak number of daily new cases, decreases by up to two orders of magnitude under plausible mass-vaccination and lockdown strategies. Interpretation The study presents a strong argument for a large-scale vaccination campaign in Australia, which would substantially reduce both the intensity of future outbreaks and the stringency of non-pharmaceutical interventions required for their suppression. Funding Australian Research Council; National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Zachreson
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sheryl L. Chang
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Oliver M. Cliff
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mikhail Prokopenko
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Abstract
Background To prevent future outbreaks of COVID-19, Australia is pursuing a mass-vaccination approach in which a targeted group of the population comprising healthcare workers, aged-care residents and other individuals at increased risk of exposure will receive a highly effective priority vaccine. The rest of the population will instead have access to a less effective vaccine. Methods We apply a large-scale agent-based model of COVID-19 in Australia to investigate the possible implications of this hybrid approach to mass-vaccination. The model is calibrated to recent epidemiological and demographic data available in Australia, and accounts for several components of vaccine efficacy. Findings Within a feasible range of vaccine efficacy values, our model supports the assertion that complete herd immunity due to vaccination is not likely in the Australian context. For realistic scenarios in which herd immunity is not achieved, we simulate the effects of mass-vaccination on epidemic growth rate, and investigate the requirements of lockdown measures applied to curb subsequent outbreaks. In our simulations, Australia's vaccination strategy can feasibly reduce required lockdown intensity and initial epidemic growth rate by 43% and 52%, respectively. The severity of epidemics, as measured by the peak number of daily new cases, decreases by up to two orders of magnitude under plausible mass-vaccination and lockdown strategies. Interpretation The study presents a strong argument for a large-scale vaccination campaign in Australia, which would substantially reduce both the intensity of future outbreaks and the stringency of non-pharmaceutical interventions required for their suppression. Funding Australian Research Council; National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Zachreson
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sheryl L Chang
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Oliver M Cliff
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mikhail Prokopenko
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Riad A, Hocková B, Kantorová L, Slávik R, Spurná L, Stebel A, Havriľak M, Klugar M. Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:873. [PMID: 34577573 PMCID: PMC8466035 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2 have recently been a target of anti-vaccination campaigns due to their novelty in the healthcare industry; nevertheless, these vaccines have exhibited excellent results in terms of efficacy and safety. As a consequence, they acquired the first approvals from drug regulators and were deployed at a large scale among priority groups, including healthcare workers. This phase IV study was designed as a nationwide cross-sectional survey to evaluate the post-vaccination side effects among healthcare workers in Slovakia. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire that inquired about participants' demographic information, medical anamneses, COVID-19-related anamnesis, and local, systemic, oral, and skin-related side effects following receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. A total of 522 participants were included in this study, of whom 77% were females, 55.7% were aged between 31 and 54 years, and 41.6% were from Banska Bystrica. Most of the participants (91.6%) reported at least one side effect. Injection site pain (85.2%) was the most common local side effect, while fatigue (54.2%), headache (34.3%), muscle pain (28.4%), and chills (26.4%) were the most common systemic side effects. The reported side effects were of a mild nature (99.6%) that did not require medical attention and a short duration, as most of them (90.4%) were resolved within three days. Females and young adults were more likely to report post-vaccination side effects; such a finding is also consistent with what was previously reported by other phase IV studies worldwide. The role of chronic illnesses and medical treatments in post-vaccination side effect incidence and intensity requires further robust investigation among large population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hocková
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (B.H.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Kantorová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Slávik
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (B.H.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Lucia Spurná
- Department of Anesthesiology, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Adam Stebel
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, F. D. Roosevelt University Hospital, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia; (B.H.); (R.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Michal Havriľak
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Central Military Hospital and Faculty Hospital, 034 26 Ružomberok, Slovakia;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
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Kateeb E, Danadneh M, Pokorná A, Klugarová J, Abdulqader H, Klugar M, Riad A. Predictors of Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine: Cross-Sectional Study of Palestinian Dental Students. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:954. [PMID: 34579190 PMCID: PMC8471090 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The overarching aim of this study was to assess the predictors related to the willingness of Palestinian dental students to receive the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a universal sample of dental students in the Palestinian territories. Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine was related to the following factors: Demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experiences, beliefs and knowledge about the vaccine, attitudes toward vaccinations in general, and other factors outlined by the WHO SAGE Vaccination Hesitancy Questionnaire. Four hundred and seventeen students completed the questionnaire (response rate = 41.7%). In general, 57.8% (n = 241) were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine when it became available to them, 27% (n = 114) were hesitant, and 14.9% (n = 62) were not willing to get vaccinated. The final regression model explained 46% of the variation in the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine as follows: Attitudes towards new vaccines (β = 6.23, p < 0.001), believing in a favorable risk-benefit ratio (β = 5.64, p < 0.001), trust in the pharmaceutical industry (β = 5.92, p = 0.001), believing that natural immunity is better than being vaccinated (β = -4.24, p < 0.001), and having enough information about the vaccine (β = 4.12, p < 0.001). Adequate information about vaccines, their risk-benefit ratios, and natural and acquired immunity are important to build trust and favorable attitudes towards vaccines among future dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine; (E.K.); (M.D.)
- Public Health Committee, World Dental Federation (FDI), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland
- Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mayar Danadneh
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine; (E.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Huthaifa Abdulqader
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland;
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Riad A, Pokorná A, Antalová N, Krobot M, Zviadadze N, Serdiuk I, Koščík M, Klugar M. Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090948. [PMID: 34579185 PMCID: PMC8470400 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: university students are believed to retain the highest levels of health literacy. They are perceived as the opinion leaders within their communities; therefore, their health-related beliefs and attitudes are deemed important for public health campaigns. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy drivers among university students in the Czech Republic. Methods: a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out in the weeks before the unrestricted vaccine deployment to Czech adults. The questionnaire had 21 multiple-choice items stratified in 4 categories; demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anamnesis and influenza vaccine experience, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, and the possible drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy suggested by the WHO-SAGE. Results: out of the 1351 included students, 66.8% were females, 84.5% were Czech nationals, and 40.6% enrolled in healthcare programs. The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level was 73.3%, 19.3% of participants were vaccine-resistant, and only 7.4% were vaccine-hesitant. Trust in the pharmaceutical industry, trust in healthcare providers, and perceived knowledge sufficiency predicted higher odds of vaccine acceptance. In contrast, media and social media, personal beliefs, immunity misconception, previous COVID-19 infection, and suspicions about novel vaccines and the local availability predicted higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: The findings of this study predict a fair probability to achieve community immunity (herd immunity) among the target population group. The primary prevention strategies in the Czech Republic need to be culturally sensitive and inclusive for foreign nationals. As one-quarter of the participating students are dependent on vaccine safety data, this study findings support the call for independent studies evaluating the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Antalová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krobot
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Nutsa Zviadadze
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Iryna Serdiuk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.K.); (N.Z.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Park MY, Han YJ, Choi EJ, Kim H, Pervin R, Shin W, Kwon D, Kim JM, Pyo HM. Post-vaccination Monitoring to Assess Foot-and-Mouth Disease Immunity at Population Level in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:673820. [PMID: 34422940 PMCID: PMC8371437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.673820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Korea, domestic cattle, pigs, and goats were subjected to mandatory foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination and year-round serosurveillance since 2011. In 2020, approximately USD 95 million was spent solely for FMD vaccine purchase for 59 million livestock, and 1.25 million samples were tested to estimate the population immunity and demonstrate the absence of virus circulation. As the FMD vaccination program was revised in 2018, the post-vaccination monitoring (PVM) was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine program of three vaccines approved for routine use. To this end, monitoring post-vaccination immunity has been conducted by collecting 35,626 serum samples at 28 days post-vaccination following regular national vaccinations, which were carried out in April and in October in 2020. The design of the serological test for PVM was specially targeted at particular livestock groups, including dairy cattle, goats, and beef cattle aged 6–12 months, which were generally estimated to have a low expected seroprevalence. The risk factors had also been identified, considering the increased likelihood of infection in a particular location, herd size, and husbandry system applied in a targeted sample collection. Serum sample collection and SP-O and NSP antibody tests were performed by local veterinary laboratories using commercially available ELISAs. The current FMD vaccination program, which was performed twice a year following the regimen of primary vaccination and boost, resulted in over 80% population immunity. The seroprevalence monitored after the vaccination in fall was higher than the one studied in spring except in pigs. It was demonstrated that the seroprevalence of risk-based targeted samples ranged from 93.8 to 100% in cattle, 63.2 to 100% in pigs, and 20.0 to 100% in goats. Of note is the area near the North Korean borders which showed a relatively low seroprevalence among the targeted regions, and no NSP sero-positive reactor was detected in this region. When subpopulation immunity at the individual level was assessed, the seroprevalence in young cattle stock was slightly lower (95.8%) than that of adults (98.4%). In conclusion, the FMD vaccination campaign has been successfully implemented in Korea, and the PVM can be a supplementary program for massive routine surveillance in terms of providing timely information needed both to estimate population immunity and to properly target “risk-based surveillance.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - You Jin Han
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - HeeYeon Kim
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Rokeya Pervin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Shin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Doheon Kwon
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Kim
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Pyo
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
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Bernardeau-Serra L, Nguyen-Huynh A, Sponagel L, Sernizon Guimarães N, Teixeira de Aguiar RA, Soriano Marcolino M. The COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy in Brazil-A Case Study. Epidemiologia (Basel) 2021; 2:338-59. [PMID: 36417230 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is among the countries which have faced two devastating infection waves of COVID-19 in the past year. Despite the fact the country has one of the world's leading immunization programs, Brazil only slowly established a national COVID-19 vaccination strategy and campaign. This case study is based on an integrative review of primary and secondary literature sources. Different search strategies on Medline and Google Scholar were performed for the case presentation, for the management and outcome of the COVID-19 outbreak and for the state of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Official documents from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the website of the World Health Organization and pharmaceutical companies were also reviewed. Searches were limited to English, French, German, Portuguese and Spanish. This article describes the Brazilian COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the drivers and barriers to its implementation; and evaluates further investigations needed to have a conclusive overview over the constantly evolving situation. Healthcare inequalities, which were widened during the pandemic, a lack of coordination at the federal level, the absence of federal government support for scientific research and the lack of endorsement and commitment to the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic set the country's COVID-19 vaccination campaign off to a challenging start. However, Brazil had a well-developed primary care system and national vaccination program prior to the pandemic, which are both important facilitators. At the time of writing, six vaccines are currently available in the country, and the program is advancing. The scientific community needs to continue to investigate the country's vaccination strategy and its implementation to make sure that maximum effort is undertaken for the health of the Brazilian population.
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Riad A, Schünemann H, Attia S, Peričić TP, Žuljević MF, Jürisson M, Kalda R, Lang K, Morankar S, Yesuf EA, Mekhemar M, Danso-Appiah A, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Pérez-Gaxiola G, Dziedzic A, Apóstolo J, Cardoso D, Marc J, Moreno-Casbas M, Wiysonge CS, Qaseem A, Gryschek A, Tadić I, Hussain S, Khan MA, Klugarova J, Pokorna A, Koščík M, Klugar M. COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Tracking (CoVaST): Protocol of a Multi-Center Prospective Cohort Study for Active Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccines' Side Effects. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18157859. [PMID: 34360156 PMCID: PMC8345554 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine-related side effects have a determinant role in the public decision regarding vaccination. Therefore, this study has been designed to actively monitor the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines globally. Methods: A multi-country, three-phase study including a cross-sectional survey to test for the short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among target population groups. In the second phase, we will monitor the booster doses’ side effects, while in the third phase, the long-term safety and effectiveness will be investigated. A validated, self-administered questionnaire will be used to collect data from the target population; Results: The study protocol has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, with the identifier NCT04834869. Conclusions: CoVaST is the first independent study aiming to monitor the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines following booster doses, and the long-term safety and effectiveness of said vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (S.H.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C16, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 4K1, Canada;
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marija Franka Žuljević
- Department of Medical Humanities, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Mikk Jürisson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.J.); (R.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Ruth Kalda
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.J.); (R.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Katrin Lang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.J.); (R.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Sudhakar Morankar
- Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Aba Jifar 1 Street, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia; (S.M.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Elias Ali Yesuf
- Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Aba Jifar 1 Street, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia; (S.M.); (E.A.Y.)
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Anthony Danso-Appiah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra LG 25, Ghana;
| | - Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Development, Tehran 16846, Iran;
| | - Giordano Pérez-Gaxiola
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital, Cochrane Mexico, Calle Constitución 530, Jorge Almada, 80200 Culiacán, Mexico;
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - João Apóstolo
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: JBI Centre of Excellence, Nursing School of Coimbra, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: JBI Centre of Excellence, Nursing School of Coimbra, 3004-011 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mayte Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa;
| | - Amir Qaseem
- American College of Physicians, 190 N Independence Mall W, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA;
| | - Anna Gryschek
- Department of Nursing in Collective Health, School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 419, Brazil;
| | - Ivana Tadić
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Salman Hussain
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (S.H.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Jitka Klugarova
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (S.H.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 375/4, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pokorna
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (S.H.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 375/4, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Czech Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (S.H.); (J.K.); (A.P.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Palackého náměstí 375/4, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-49-5676
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Paloyo SR, Caballes AB, Hilvano‐Cabungcal AM, De Castro L. Prioritizing the vulnerable over the susceptible for COVID-19 vaccination. Dev World Bioeth 2021; 22:162-169. [PMID: 34286905 PMCID: PMC8444782 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a health crisis with widespread social and economic adverse effects. To address the fallout, vaccine development has been pursued in record time. Several vaccines have already been deployed in countries worldwide, but as the supply is limited, these have been provided selectively. Various allocation schemes, premised on ensuring an equitable distribution, have prioritized the elderly, given their apparent susceptibility. For the Philippines and possibly other countries with extremely limited supplies, the elderly need not always be given primary preference. The level of available supplies can be so low that the immediate focus of allocation should be on mitigating both infection and transmission. The proposed alternative vaccine allocation framework gives priority to groups rendered more vulnerable, such as those who are unable to avoid prolonged exposure to possibly infected people because of medical necessity or occupational conditions. Vulnerable groups include healthcare and other essential workers as well as patients requiring continued healthcare services. The proposed allocation scheme is meant to be complementary to concurrent public health measures, which have to be maintained though made less restrictive as the pandemic is brought under control.
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Selmin F, Musazzi UM, Franzè S, Scarpa E, Rizzello L, Procacci P, Minghetti P. Pre-Drawn Syringes of Comirnaty for an Efficient COVID-19 Mass Vaccination: Demonstration of Stability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1029. [PMID: 34371721 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving towards a real mass vaccination in the context of COVID-19, healthcare professionals are required to face some criticisms due to limited data on the stability of a mRNA-based vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in the US or Comirnaty in EU) as a dose in a 1 mL-syringe. The stability of the lipid nanoparticles and the encapsulated mRNA was evaluated in a “real-life” scenario. Specifically, we investigated the effects of different storing materials (e.g., syringes vs. glass vials), as well as of temperature and mechanical stress on nucleic acid integrity, number, and particle size distribution of lipid nanoparticles. After 5 h in the syringe, lipid nanoparticles maintained the regular round shape, and the hydrodynamic diameter ranged between 80 and 100 nm with a relatively narrow polydispersity (<0.2). Samples were stable independently of syringe materials and storage conditions. Only strong mechanical stress (e.g., shaking) caused massive aggregation of lipid nanoparticles and mRNA degradation. These proof-of-concept experiments support the hypothesis that vaccine doses can be safely prepared in a dedicated area using an aseptic technique and transferred without affecting their stability.
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Riad A, Pokorná A, Mekhemar M, Conrad J, Klugarová J, Koščík M, Klugar M, Attia S. Safety of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine: Independent Evidence from Two EU States. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:673. [PMID: 34207369 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports of thrombosis following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in young females (<55 years-old) led to temporary suspension and urgent investigation by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) that concluded that vaccine benefits still outweigh its side effects (SEs). Therefore, this study aims to provide early independent evidence on the vaccine SEs’ prevalence and their potential risk factors; a cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out between February and March 2021 in Germany and Czech Republic among healthcare workers who recently received the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire composed of twenty-eight multiple-choice items covering demographic variables, medical anamneses, and local, systemic, oral, and skin related SEs of the vaccine. Out of the ninety-two included participants, 77.2% were females and 79.3% were from Germany. Their mean age was 35.37 ± 12.62 (19–64) years-old, 15.2% had chronic illnesses and 22.8% were receiving medical treatments. Overall, 94.6% of the participants reported at least one SE. The most common local SE was injection site pain (72.8%), and the most common systemic SEs were fatigue (73.9%), muscle pain (55.4%), chills (48.9%), feeling unwell (46.7%), nausea (45.7%), and headache (29.3%). The vast majority (91.9%) resolved within 1–3 days, and the below 35 years-old group was the least affected age group. The SEs’ frequency was insignificantly higher in females and previously infected participants; the vaccine safety for the elderly was supported by the early findings of this study. Chronic illnesses and medical treatments were not associated with an increased risk of SE incidence and frequency. No blood disorder SEs were reported in our sample. Further independent studies are highly required to evaluate the safety of the AstraZeneca vaccine and to explore whether gender or previous infection could be associated with the vaccine SEs.
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Fakonti G, Kyprianidou M, Toumbis G, Giannakou K. Attitudes and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Nurses and Midwives in Cyprus: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:656138. [PMID: 34222170 PMCID: PMC8244901 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.656138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers are at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic and have been identified as a priority target group for COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to determine the COVID-19 vaccination intention among nurses and midwives in Cyprus and reveal the influential factors that affected their decision. An Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 8 and 28, 2020. Data collection was accomplished using a self-administered questionnaire with questions about socio-demographic characteristics, questions assessing general vaccination-related intentions and behaviors, and the intention to accept COVID-19 vaccination. A sample of 437 responders answered the survey, with 93% being nurses and 7% midwives. A small proportion of the participants would accept a vaccine against COVID-19, while 70% could be qualified as "vaccine hesitant." The main reasons for not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were concerns about the vaccine's expedited development and fear of side effects. More females, individuals with a larger median age, and a higher number of years of working experience, intended to accept the COVID-19 vaccination, compared with those not intended to accept and undecided groups (p < 0.01). Having a seasonal flu vaccination in the last 5 years, receiving the vaccines recommended for health professionals, and working in the private sector were associated with a higher probability of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. A considerable rate of nurses and midwives in Cyprus reported unwillingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine due to vaccine-related concerns. Our findings highlight the need for forthcoming vaccination campaigns and programs to tackle coronavirus vaccine hesitancy barriers to achieve the desirable vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fakonti
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Giannos Toumbis
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Riad A, Sağıroğlu D, Üstün B, Pokorná A, Klugarová J, Attia S, Klugar M. Prevalence and Risk Factors of CoronaVac Side Effects: An Independent Cross-Sectional Study among Healthcare Workers in Turkey. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34203769 PMCID: PMC8232682 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a serious threat to mass vaccination strategies that need to be accelerated currently in order to achieve a substantial level of community immunity. Independent (non-sponsored) studies have a great potential to enhance public confidence in vaccines and accelerate their uptake process. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional study for the side effects (SE) of CoronaVac was carried out in February 2021 among Turkish healthcare workers who were recently vaccinated. The questionnaire inquired about local and systemic SEs that occurred in the short-term, within four weeks, following vaccination. RESULTS A total of 780 healthcare workers were included in this study; 62.5% of them experienced at least one SE. Injection site pain (41.5%) was the most common local SE, while fatigue (23.6%), headache (18.7%), muscle pain (11.2%) and joint pain (5.9%) were the common systemic SEs. Female healthcare workers (67.9%) were significantly more affected by local and systemic SEs than male colleagues (51.4%). Younger age, previous infection, and compromised health status (chronic illnesses and regular medicines uptake) can be associated with an increased risk of CoronaVac SEs; Conclusions: The independent research shows a higher prevalence of CoronaVac SEs than what is reported by phase I-III clinical trials. In general, the results of this study confirm the overall safety of CoronaVac and suggest potential risk factors for its SEs. Gender-based differences and SEs distribution among age groups are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC, JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Derya Sağıroğlu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Bagdat Caddesi No. 238, Goztepe, Kadikoy, Istanbul 34728, Turkey;
| | - Batuhan Üstün
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Namık Kemal Kampüs Caddesi No. 1, Merkez, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey;
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC, JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC, JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC, JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (J.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gianfredi V, Pennisi F, Lume A, Ricciardi GE, Minerva M, Riccò M, Odone A, Signorelli C. Challenges and Opportunities of Mass Vaccination Centers in COVID-19 Times: A Rapid Review of Literature. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:574. [PMID: 34205891 PMCID: PMC8230199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass vaccination center is a location, normally used for nonhealthcare activities, set up for high-volume and high-speed vaccinations during infectious disease emergencies. The high contagiousness and mortality of COVID-19 and the complete lack of population immunity posed an extraordinary threat for global health. The aim of our research was to collect and review previous experiences on mass vaccination centers. On 4 April 2021, we developed a rapid review searching four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar and medRxiv. From a total of 2312 papers, 15 of them were included in the current review. Among them, only one article described a COVID-19 vaccination center; all of the others referred to other vaccinations, in particular influenza. The majority were conducted in the United States, and were simulations or single-day experiences to practice a mass vaccination after bioterrorist attacks. Indeed, all of them were published after September 11 attacks. Regarding staff, timing and performance, the data were highly heterogenous. Several studies used as a model the Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Results highlighted the differences around the definition, layout and management of a mass vaccination center, but some aspects can be considered as a core aspect. In light of this, we suggested a potential definition. The current review answers to the urgency of organizing a mass vaccination center during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the most important organizational aspects that should be considered in the planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Flavia Pennisi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandra Lume
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Emanuele Ricciardi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Massimo Minerva
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Matteo Riccò
- AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Via Amendola n.2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
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Riad A, Abdulqader H, Morgado M, Domnori S, Koščík M, Mendes JJ, Klugar M, Kateeb E. Global Prevalence and Drivers of Dental Students' COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:566. [PMID: 34072500 PMCID: PMC8226539 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceleration of mass vaccination strategies is the only pathway to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals and students have a key role in shaping public opinion about vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of dental students globally towards COVID-19 vaccines and explore the potential drivers for students' acceptance levels. METHODS A global cross-sectional study was carried out in February 2021 using an online questionnaire. The study was liaised by the scientific committee of the International Association of Dental Students (IADS), and data were collected through the national and local coordinators of IADS member organizations. The dependent variable was the willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, and the independent variables included demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experience, and the drivers of COVID-19 vaccine-related attitude suggested by the WHO SAGE. RESULTS A total of 6639 students from 22 countries, representing all world regions, responded to the questionnaire properly. Their mean age was 22.1 ± 2.8 (17-40) years, and the majority were females (70.5%), in clinical years (66.8%), and from upper-middle-income economies (45.7%). In general, 22.5% of dental students worldwide were hesitant, and 13.9% rejected COVID-19 vaccines. The students in low- and lower-middle-income (LLMI) economies had significantly higher levels of vaccine hesitancy compared to their peers in upper-middle- and high-income (UMHI) economies (30.4% vs. 19.8%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The global acceptance level of dental students for COVID-19 vaccines was suboptimal, and their worrisome level of vaccine hesitancy was influenced by the socioeconomic context where the dental students live and study. The media and social media, public figures, insufficient knowledge about vaccines, and mistrust of governments and the pharmaceutical industry were barriers to vaccination. The findings of this study call for further implementation of epidemiology (infectious diseases) education within undergraduate dental curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Huthaifa Abdulqader
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mariana Morgado
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Silvi Domnori
- International Association of Dental Students (IADS), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland; (H.A.); (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elham Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine;
- Public Health Committee, World Dental Federation (FDI), 1216 Geneva, Switzerland
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Lee EK, Li ZL, Liu YK, LeDuc J. Strategies for Vaccine Prioritization and Mass Dispensing. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050506. [PMID: 34068985 PMCID: PMC8157047 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a system that helps decision makers during a pandemic find, in real time, the mass vaccination strategies that best utilize limited medical resources to achieve fast containments and population protection. Our general-purpose framework integrates into a single computational platform a multi-purpose compartmental disease propagation model, a human behavior network, a resource logistics model, and a stochastic queueing model for vaccination operations. We apply the modeling framework to the current COVID-19 pandemic and derive an optimal trigger for switching from a prioritized vaccination strategy to a non-prioritized strategy so as to minimize the overall attack rate and mortality rate. When vaccine supply is limited, such a mixed vaccination strategy is broadly effective. Our analysis suggests that delays in vaccine supply and inefficiencies in vaccination delivery can substantially impede the containment effort. Employing an optimal mixed strategy can significantly reduce the attack and mortality rates. The more infectious the virus, the earlier it helps to open the vaccine to the public. As vaccine efficacy decreases, the attack and mortality rates rapidly increase by multiples; this highlights the importance of early vaccination to reduce spreading as quickly as possible to lower the chances for further mutations to evolve and to reduce the excessive healthcare burden. To maximize the protective effect of available vaccines, of equal importance are determining the optimal mixed strategy and implementing effective on-the-ground dispensing. The optimal mixed strategy is quite robust against variations in model parameters and can be implemented readily in practice. Studies with our holistic modeling framework strongly support the urgent need for early vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Our framework permits rapid custom modeling in practice. Additionally, it is generalizable for different types of infectious disease outbreaks, whereby a user may determine for a given type the effects of different interventions including the optimal switch trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K. Lee
- NSF-Whitaker Center for Operations Research in Medicine and HealthCare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (Z.L.L.); (Y.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-432-6835
| | - Zhuonan L. Li
- NSF-Whitaker Center for Operations Research in Medicine and HealthCare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (Z.L.L.); (Y.K.L.)
| | - Yifan K. Liu
- NSF-Whitaker Center for Operations Research in Medicine and HealthCare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (Z.L.L.); (Y.K.L.)
| | - James LeDuc
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
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