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Solorzano-Barrera C, Rodriguez-Patarroyo M, Tórres-Quintero A, Guzman-Tordecilla DN, Franco-Rodriguez AN, Maniar V, Shrestha P, Vecino-Ortiz AI, Pariyo GW, Gibson DG, Ali J. Recruiting hard-to-reach populations via respondent driven sampling for mobile phone surveys in Colombia: a qualitative study. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2297886. [PMID: 38205794 PMCID: PMC10786427 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2297886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uptake of mobile phone surveys (MPS) is increasing in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly within the context of data collection on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) behavioural risk factors. One barrier to collecting representative data through MPS is capturing data from older participants.Respondent driven sampling (RDS) consists of chain-referral strategies where existing study subjects recruit follow-up participants purposively based on predefined eligibility criteria. Adapting RDS strategies to MPS efforts could, theoretically, yield higher rates of participation for that age group. OBJECTIVE To investigate factors that influence the perceived acceptability of a RDS recruitment method for MPS involving people over 45 years of age living in Colombia. METHODS An MPS recruitment strategy deploying RDS techniques was piloted to increase participation of older populations. We conducted a qualitative study that drew from surveys with open and closed-ended items, semi-structured interviews for feedback, and focus group discussions to explore perceptions of the strategy and barriers to its application amongst MPS participants. RESULTS The strategy's success is affected by factors such as cultural adaptation, institutional credibility and public trust, data protection, and challenges with mobile phone technology. These factors are relevant to individuals' willingness to facilitate RDS efforts targeting hard-to-reach people. Recruitment strategies are valuable in part because hard-to-reach populations are often most accessible through their contacts within their social network who can serve as trust liaisons and drive engagement. CONCLUSIONS These findings may inform future studies where similar interventions are being considered to improve access to mobile phone-based data collection amongst hard-to-reach groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deivis Nicolas Guzman-Tordecilla
- Institute of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Vidhi Maniar
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prakriti Shrestha
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrés I Vecino-Ortiz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George W Pariyo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin G Gibson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Ali
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Lee H, Shin H, Chung Y, Kim JS. Association between the transition to metabolically unhealthy obesity and lifestyle behavior: A nationwide cohort study. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38736031 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the characteristics of individuals transitioning from metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) to unhealthy obesity and the factors influencing the change. DESIGN This is a nationwide cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. SAMPLE Individuals with obesity but metabolically healthy in 2009 and 2010 and those still obese 4 years later were selected. MEASUREMENTS Sociodemographic, physical, metabolic, and health behavior variables were collected, and logistic regression was used to find an association with the transition. RESULTS We analyzed 1,564,467 individuals, observing significant differences in all variables and the transition from MHO to unhealthy obesity. Among males, the transition was associated with smoking and drinking positively and physical activity negatively. Among females, drinking demonstrated a negative correlation. Regardless of age, regular exercise was negatively associated with the transition for all individuals. Except for older adults, all age groups showed a positive correlation with smoking and drinking. CONCLUSIONS Considering the significant factors in the transition, it is essential to develop and implement interventions varied by gender and age to delay and prevent the change in metabolic status. The necessity of developing interventions enables individuals to engage in regular exercise, regardless of age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunHae Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hyerine Shin
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongi Chung
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Pallangyo P, Komba MS, Mkojera ZS, Mfanga L, Mmari JE, Kailembo NV, Bhalia S, Aloyce M, Matemu GG, Faraji HY, Keria JS, Waane T, Kisenge PR. Perspectives for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases in Tanzania: Is Knowledge Translated into Practice? Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1177-1186. [PMID: 38742139 PMCID: PMC11090195 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s460703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In Tanzania, where over a third of the society is impoverished, the burden of NCDs which account for about two-fifths of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and one-third of premature deaths has doubled in the past two decades. However, notwithstanding a wider realization of the escalating burden of NCDs across Tanzania, the link between NCD awareness and lifestyle practices at the population level is not well characterized. We aimed to establish the gap between NCD knowledge and healthy behaviors. Methods This multi-regional community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 regions of Tanzania between September 2022 and June 2023. A 22-item standardized tool evaluating various NCD risk behaviors was used in knowledge assessment and a cut-off of ≥70% was used to denote good knowledge. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare knowledge of NCD risk factors across various NCD risk subgroups. All tests were two tailed, and the significance was set at p<0.05. Results A total of 5121 individuals were consecutively enrolled. The mean age was 47.2 years and females comprised over three-fifths (60.8%) of the participants. With regard to behavioral NCD risks, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol consumption were present in 79.0%, 70.2%, 2.1% and 17.6% of participants, respectively. Moreover, biological risk factors, ie, excess body weight, hypertension, and diabetes were present in 68.4%, 55.8% and 13.0% of participants, respectively. The mean knowledge score was 77.1% and 70.3% of participants demonstrated good knowledge of NCD risk factors. Except for smoking, individuals who showed awareness of various NCD risk factors were found to have significant rates of risky behaviors. Conclusion Despite sufficient NCD risk knowledge, incongruent lifestyle practices persist, highlighting a crucial concern. This suggests that awareness of NCDs and their risks may influence motivation for change but may not necessarily result in lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pédrö Pallangyo
- Department Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Makrina Sotel Komba
- Department Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zabella Seif Mkojera
- Department Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Loveness Mfanga
- Department Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Janeth Elidaima Mmari
- Department Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Neema Victor Kailembo
- Department Research and Training, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Smita Bhalia
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Aloyce
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Genofeva Gerald Matemu
- Department of Public Relations, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Husna Yasin Faraji
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jasmine Said Keria
- Department of Clinical Support Services, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tatizo Waane
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter R Kisenge
- Department of Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Miyata J, Yamanashi H, Kawashiri SY, Soutome S, Arima K, Tamai M, Nonaka F, Honda Y, Kitamura M, Yoshida K, Shimizu Y, Hayashida N, Kawakami S, Takamura N, Sawase T, Yoshimura A, Nagata Y, Ohnishi M, Aoyagi K, Kawakami A, Saito T, Maeda T. Profile of Nagasaki Islands Study (NaIS): A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study on Multi-disease. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:254-263. [PMID: 37517991 PMCID: PMC10999517 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an aging society, it is important to visualize the conditions of people living with diseases or disabilities, such as frailty and sarcopenia, and determine the environmental and genetic factors underlying such conditions. Atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are key conditions between these factors and noncommunicable diseases. In 2014, we launched a population-based prospective open-cohort study, the Nagasaki Islands Study (NaIS), which was conducted in Goto City, located in the remote islands of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, mostly involving middle-aged and older residents. We conducted our own health checkups along with the annual standardized checkups organized by the municipality; recruited study participants; and started to follow them for vital status (death), migration, and occurrence of diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, fracture, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated uveitis. Our checkups were conducted as baseline surveys in different areas of Goto City during the fiscal years 2014-2016, secondary surveys during 2017-2019, and tertiary surveys since 2021, consisting of medical interviews, physical examinations, blood and urine tests, body composition measurements, osteoporosis screening, arterial stiffness measurements, carotid ultrasonography, and dental examination. A total of 4,957 residents participated in either the baseline or secondary surveys and were followed; 3,594 and 3,364 residents (aged 27-96 and 28-98 years) participated in the baseline and secondary surveys, respectively. In conclusion, the NaIS has been undertaken to reveal the influence of aging and risk factors of noncommunicable diseases and disabilities, with an aim to contribute towards better healthcare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyata
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Yamanashi
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sakiko Soutome
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nonaka
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Honda
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Hayashida
- Division of Strategic Collaborative Research, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Takamura
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagata
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Jabbar Al‐Rikabi S, Etemadi A, Morad M, Nowrouzi A, Panahi G, Mondeali M, Toorani‐ghazvini M, Nasli‐Esfahani E, Razi F, Bandarian F. Metabolomics Signature in Prediabetes and Diabetes: Insights From Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00484. [PMID: 38739122 PMCID: PMC11090150 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the metabolic differences between normal, prediabetic and diabetic patients with good and poor glycaemic control (GGC and PGC). DESIGN In this study, 1102 individuals were included, and 50 metabolites were analysed using tandem mass spectrometry. The diabetes diagnosis and treatment standards of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were used to classify patients. METHODS The nearest neighbour method was used to match controls and cases in each group on the basis of age, sex and BMI. Factor analysis was used to reduce the number of variables and find influential underlying factors. Finally, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to check the correlation between both glucose and HbAc1 as independent factors with binary classes. RESULTS Amino acids such as glycine, serine and proline, and acylcarnitines (AcylCs) such as C16 and C18 showed significant differences between the prediabetes and normal groups. Additionally, several metabolites, including C0, C5, C8 and C16, showed significant differences between the diabetes and normal groups. Moreover, the study found that several metabolites significantly differed between the GGC and PGC diabetes groups, such as C2, C6, C10, C16 and C18. The correlation analysis revealed that glucose and HbA1c levels significantly correlated with several metabolites, including glycine, serine and C16, in both the prediabetes and diabetes groups. Additionally, the correlation analysis showed that HbA1c significantly correlated with several metabolites, such as C2, C5 and C18, in the controlled and uncontrolled diabetes groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings could help identify new biomarkers or underlying markers for the early detection and management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Etemadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maher Mohammed Morad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azin Nowrouzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Mozhgan Mondeali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Toorani‐ghazvini
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ensieh Nasli‐Esfahani
- Diabetes Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Skevaki C, Nadeau KC, Rothenberg ME, Alahmad B, Mmbaga BT, Masenga GG, Sampath V, Christiani DC, Haahtela T, Renz H. Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1194-1205. [PMID: 38309598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is not just jeopardizing the health of our planet but is also increasingly affecting our immune health. There is an expanding body of evidence that climate-related exposures such as air pollution, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss significantly disrupt the functioning of the human immune system. These exposures manifest in a broad range of stimuli, including antigens, allergens, heat stress, pollutants, microbiota changes, and other toxic substances. Such exposures pose a direct and indirect threat to our body's primary line of defense, the epithelial barrier, affecting its physical integrity and functional efficacy. Furthermore, these climate-related environmental stressors can hyperstimulate the innate immune system and influence adaptive immunity-notably, in terms of developing and preserving immune tolerance. The loss or failure of immune tolerance can instigate a wide spectrum of noncommunicable diseases such as autoimmune conditions, allergy, respiratory illnesses, metabolic diseases, obesity, and others. As new evidence unfolds, there is a need for additional research in climate change and immunology that covers diverse environments in different global settings and uses modern biologic and epidemiologic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard G Masenga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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Poudel B, Paudel K, Adhikari B, Paudel R, Bhusal S, Adhikari N, Adhikari TB, Sapkota VP, Shrestha R. Prevalence of common risk factors of major noncommunicable diseases among sexual and gender minorities in Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37746. [PMID: 38579035 PMCID: PMC10994461 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Four noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, account for 71% of global deaths. However, little is known about the NCDs risk profile of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among the SGMs of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among SGMs in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. We recruited 140 participants using the snowball sampling method. A face-to-face interview was done using a structured questionnaire adapted from World Health Organization Step Wise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS instruments V2.2 2019) along with blood pressure and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS.v20). More than two-thirds of the participants, 96 (68.6%), had co-occurrence of NCDs risk factors. The prevalence of insufficient fruits and vegetables consumption, current smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, and hypertension were 95.7%, 40.0%, 32.9%, 28.5%, and 28.6%, respectively. There was a significant association between hypertension, harmful alcohol consumption, and overweight/obesity with the participants' age, employment status, and marital status, respectively. Study findings indicated a higher prevalence of NCDs risk factors among SGMs. National-level NCDs surveillance, policy planning, prevention, and targeted health interventions should prioritize the SGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Poudel
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Kiran Paudel
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Bikram Adhikari
- Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Rajan Paudel
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sandesh Bhusal
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Nabin Adhikari
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Community-Based Management of Non-communicable Diseases in Nepal Project, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Roman Shrestha
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Section of Infectious, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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8
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Gupta U, Kamath A, Kamath P. A descriptive study of new drug approvals during 2017-2021 and disease morbidity and mortality patterns in India. Perspect Clin Res 2024; 15:66-72. [PMID: 38765552 PMCID: PMC11101002 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_109_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Studies show the presence of a mismatch between drug research and disease burden. A study conducted in the European Union found that new drug development was restricted to certain diseases. A study of biosimilar approvals in India found that 87% of drugs were for treating noncommunicable diseases. This study aimed to determine the new drugs approved in India from 2017 to 2021 and the top ten causes of morbidity and mortality and detect the presence of any discordance between these. Methods A descriptive study was conducted using data on new drug approvals accessed from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization website. The top ten causes of mortality and morbidity in India from 2015 to 2019 were identified from the Global Burden of Diseases database. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the drug approvals and the leading diseases. Results One hundred twenty-six drugs were approved during the study period. Antineoplastic drugs constituted 19.84% of the approvals, antimicrobials 18.25%, and cardiovascular drugs 9.52%. Ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Diarrheal diseases, lower respiratory tract infection, and drug-susceptible tuberculosis were among the top ten causes. Ten antibacterials, including four antitubercular drugs, were approved during this period. Two drugs were approved for rare diseases. Conclusion Our study showed that the drugs approved were largely in line with the prevalent disease burden, and there was no significant discordance observed. Some diseases, such as ischemic stroke/intracranial hemorrhage, require further efforts in bringing forth newer pharmacotherapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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9
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Ames ML, Karlsen MC, Sundermeir SM, Durrwachter N, Hemmingson TA, Reznar MM, Staffier KL, Weeks B, Gittelsohn J. Lifestyle Medicine Implementation in 8 Health Systems: Protocol for a Multiple Case Study Investigation. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51562. [PMID: 38320320 DOI: 10.2196/51562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle medicine (LM) is the use of therapeutic lifestyle changes (including a whole-food, plant-predominant eating pattern; regular physical activity; restorative sleep; stress management; avoidance of risky substances; and positive social connection) to prevent and treat chronic illness. Despite growing evidence, LM is still not widely implemented in health care settings. Potential challenges to LM implementation include lack of clinician training, staffing concerns, and misalignment of LM services with fee-for-service reimbursement, but the full range of factors facilitating or obstructing its implementation and long-term success are not yet understood. To learn important lessons for success and failure, it is crucial to understand the experiences of different LM programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe in depth the protocol used to identify barriers and facilitators impacting the implementation of LM in health systems. METHODS The study team comprises team members at the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM), including staff and researchers with expertise in public health, LM, and qualitative research. We recruited health systems that were members of the ACLM Health Systems Council. From among 15 self-nominating health systems, we selected 7 to represent a diversity of geographic location, type, size, expertise, funding, patients, and LM services. Partway through the study, we recruited 1 additional contrasting health system to serve as a negative case. For each case, we conducted in-depth interviews, document reviews, site visits (limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and study team debriefs. Interviews lasted 45-90 minutes and followed a semistructured interview guide, loosely based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model. We are constructing detailed case narrative reports for each health system that are subsequently used in cross-case analyses to develop a contextually rich and detailed understanding of various predetermined and emergent topics. Cross-case analyses will draw on a variety of methodologies, including in-depth case familiarization, inductive or deductive coding, and thematic analysis, to identify cross-cutting themes. RESULTS The study team has completed data collection for all 8 participating health systems, including 68 interviews and 1 site visit. We are currently drafting descriptive case narratives, which will be disseminated to participating health systems for member checking and shared broadly as applied vignettes. We are also conducting cross-case analyses to identify critical facilitators and barriers, explore clinician training strategies to facilitate LM implementation, and develop an explanatory model connecting practitioner adoption of LM and experiences of burnout. CONCLUSIONS This protocol paper offers real-world insights into research methods and practices to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of LM in health systems. Findings can advise LM implementation across various health system contexts. Methodological limitations and lessons learned can guide the execution of other studies with similar methodologies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Ames
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Micaela C Karlsen
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Samantha M Sundermeir
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neve Durrwachter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Melissa M Reznar
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | | | - Bruce Weeks
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Wynter-Adams DM, Thomas-Brown PG, Bromfield L, Williams M, Bunting-Clarke J. Retrospective review of medicine utilization for noncommunicable diseases in three public sector pharmacies in Jamaica. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e18. [PMID: 38464878 PMCID: PMC10921902 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The rational use of medicines offers a cost-saving strategy to maximize therapeutic outcomes for developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rational use of medicines for selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at three pharmacies at public hospitals in Jamaica using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) prescribing indicators. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, prescriptions for adult outpatients containing at least one medicine for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma that were filled between January and July 2019 were reviewed using WHO's prescribing indicators for the rational use of medicines. Data were analyzed and expressed as descriptive and inferential statistics. For all analyses conducted, significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1 500 prescriptions covering 5 979 medicines were reviewed; prescriptions were mostly written for female patients aged 42-60 years. Polypharmacy was observed in 35.6% (534) of prescriptions, and there was an average of 4 medicines per prescription, with a maximum of 17. Most of the prescriptions at each site were filled, with the main reason for not dispensing a medicine being that it was out of stock. Generic prescribing was high for all sites, accounting for more than 95% (5 722) of prescribed medicines. There was full compliance with prescribing according to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines at two of the sites, but it was just off the target at Site 1, by 1.4%. Conclusions The WHO guidelines for the rational use of medicines were followed with respect to the proportion of medicines prescribed from the WHO Model List and the proportion of antibiotics prescribed. The number of medicines per prescription and the proportion of medicines prescribed by generic name did not meet the WHO criteria. However, prescribing was aligned with treatment guidelines for the selected NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna-Marie Wynter-Adams
- Faculty of Science and SportCaribbean School of Sport SciencesUniversity of TechnologyJamaicaFaculty of Science and Sport, Caribbean School of Sport Sciences, University of Technology, Jamaica
| | - Peta-Gaye Thomas-Brown
- College of Health SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of TechnologyJamaicaCollege of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, Jamaica
| | - Lisa Bromfield
- College of Health SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of TechnologyJamaicaCollege of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, Jamaica
| | - Marcia Williams
- College of Health SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of TechnologyJamaicaCollege of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, Jamaica
| | - Janice Bunting-Clarke
- College of Health SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of TechnologyJamaicaCollege of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, Jamaica
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Niu J, Li B, Zhang Q, Chen G, Papadaki A. Exploring the traditional Chinese diet and its association with health status-a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae013. [PMID: 38452296 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased adherence to a traditional Chinese diet (TCD) could reduce the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, there is no consistent definition of the TCD in the literature, and its associations with health outcomes have not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the definition of the TCD, in the literature, and to evaluate whether the TCD, as described, is associated with health outcomes. DATA SOURCES Fourteen databases were searched up to April 25, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Three reviewers (in pairs) independently screened and extracted data. A modified risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies assessing the TCD definition; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool were used to assess the quality of the observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing associations between the TCD and health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Ninety-nine studies were identified that assessed the TCD definition. In at least 75% of the studies, rice and leafy vegetables were consistently reported as food groups that characterize the TCD; the most frequently cited food items were white rice, spinach, bokchoy, and cabbage. Fish and seafood, pork, and pork products were consistently reported in studies exclusively referring to the TCD consumed in southern China (n = 21 studies), whereas wheat and wheat products were commonly reported in studies focusing on northern China (n = 14 studies). Fifteen studies reported on the quantities of food groups that are characteristic of the TCD, but their findings were inconsistent. Of the 99 studies, 54 assessed associations with health outcomes. The TCD was overall inversely associated with obesity risk and weight gain, while relationships between the TCD and other health outcomes were inconsistent. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to determine the quantities of foods consumed in the TCD and to establish a consistent definition for further exploration of the TCD's potential role in preventing non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Niu
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bai Li
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ge Chen
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Max BL, Mashauri HL. Economic priorities over population health: A political dilemma in addressing noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1974. [PMID: 38505686 PMCID: PMC10948585 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The world is observing a rapid shift in the burden of diseases with predominance of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs contribute to 41 million deaths which is equivalent to 74% of all death globally per year. There is ongoing debate on the approaches to reduce public exposure to NCDs' modifiable risk factors which are of economic potential. As the World Health Organization and the World Bank recommend the implementation of taxation to these factors, still questions arise on the effectiveness, sustainability, and practicality of this strategy. With the ongoing transition globally from consumption of natural to processed foods, it is important to counter-check the best interventions on how to protect people from unhealthy eating behaviors. While taxation on unhealthy food and other products like tobacco has been recommended as one among interventional approaches, its effectiveness on sugar sweetened beverages is not reliable compared to approaches that increase self-control. Despite the perceived economic benefits of tobacco and sugar sweetened products, there is detrimental implication in terms of public health. The introduction of taxation which favors public health faces challenges due to conflict of interest from government authorities and other stakeholders. The intertwined relationship between public health and economic development becomes more obvious during implementation of preventive and control measures against modifiable risk factors for NCDs. It is evident that reaching a balanced rational decision on choosing between economic growth and public health is difficult. Countries should enhance both local and international intersectoral and multisectoral approaches in creating integrative policies which include health component in all non-health policies including economic policies so as to harmonize public health and economic growth during this era of extensive globalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraka L. Max
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Health, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Harold L. Mashauri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Health, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKamanga Medics HospitalMwanzaTanzania
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Hernández-Cabanyero C, Vonaesch P. Ectopic colonization by oral bacteria as an emerging theme in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae012. [PMID: 38650052 PMCID: PMC11065354 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of research papers published on the involvement of the oral microbiota in systemic diseases has grown exponentially over the last 4 years clearly demonstrating the growing interest in this field. Indeed, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of ectopic colonization by oral bacteria in numerous noncommunicable diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), undernutrition, preterm birth, neurological diseases, liver diseases, lung diseases, heart diseases, or colonic cancer. There is thus much interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to the colonization and maintenance of ectopic oral bacteria. The aim of this review is to summarize and conceptualize the current knowledge about ectopic colonization by oral bacteria, highlight wherever possible the underlying molecular mechanisms and describe its implication in health and disease. The focus lies on the newly discovered molecular mechanisms, showcasing shared pathophysiological mechanisms across different body sites and syndromes and highlighting open questions in the field regarding the pathway from oral microbiota dysbiosis to noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Hernández-Cabanyero
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kar SS, Kannusamy S, Rehman T, Murali S, Laxminarayanan S, Balachander J. Cardiovascular Risk Profiling Using the Globorisk Calculator among Noncommunicable Disease Patients Attending Primary Health Centers of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:290-295. [PMID: 38665448 PMCID: PMC11042130 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_300_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for over three-quarters of all deaths taking place in developing nations. Objective The present study aims to stratify noncommunicable disease (NCD) patients using the Globorisk chart for predicting their 10-year risk of a major (fatal or nonfatal) CVD event and to estimate the level of agreement between this country-specific chart and the existing World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk strata. Methods A record-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2018 among adults attending the NCD clinic of one rural and one urban primary health center in Puducherry. Laboratory and office risk calculators of the Globorisk chart were used to calculate the risk. Results The median age (interquartile range (IQR)) of the 760 study participants was 58 (50-65) years. When calculated using the Globorisk prediction chart, 22.1% (n = 168) of the participants had a <10% risk for any CVD event in the next 10 years, whereas the same risk was found in 71.1% (n = 540) by using the WHO/ISH risk chart. There was no agreement found between the two risk charts (k = 0.0174; P-value = 0.26). Conclusion The Globorisk chart was found to identify more patients as belonging to the higher risk category as compared to WHO/ISH charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitanshu S. Kar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Tanveer Rehman
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sharan Murali
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Jayaraman Balachander
- NCD Consultant and Former Professor of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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15
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López-Sánchez M, Moreno-Salazar Y, Cuenca J, Ortega J, Román-Aguirre R. Incidence of traffic light labelling on noncommunicable diseases: a roadmap for achieving sustainable development. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:185-196. [PMID: 37982330 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2280503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The production and diversity of the supply of food products has grown exponentially in recent decades, along with the increase in cardiovascular diseases associated with poor diet. Among the factors, one of the most important is the lack of information for the consumer when purchasing. The present work evaluates the impact of implementing the traffic light labelling of foods in reducing deaths due to Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD). Econometric techniques of two-way effects panel data from 21 Ecuadorian provinces taken from official sources for the analysis period 2010-2019. For Ecuador, a favourable impact was found in the reduction of the NCD mortality rate, especially in the last three years; in 2017, it was reduced by 0.129%, in 2018 by 0.305%, and in 2019 by 0.289%. An implication of economic policy is the advertising regulation of products that may affect health, strengthening surveillance and sanctioning companies that fail to comply with the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yenny Moreno-Salazar
- Carrera de Contabilidad y Auditoría, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Josselyn Cuenca
- Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Jackeline Ortega
- Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
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Meshkat SAM, Kassaeian SS, Danaei N, Gharibi F. Households catastrophic health expenditure among older people with noncommunicable diseases: A cross-sectional study from Iran. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1992. [PMID: 38505679 PMCID: PMC10948590 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Noncommunicable diseases are one of the main difficulties faced by older adults in many countries. The study aimed to investigate the households' catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among older people with noncommunicable diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2022 in Semnan, Iran, with the participation of 400 older individuals suffering from diabetes and hypertension. The Content Validity Ratio (which is calculated based on necessity criterion) and Content Validity Index (which calculated based on relevance, transparency, and simplicity criteria) values of 0.94 and 0.89, respectively, confirmed the content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire. The occurrence of CHE was estimated using the World Health Organization's rule of "allocating at least 40% of non-food household costs to healthcare." Due to the qualitative nature of the data, the χ 2 test was utilized to assess the statistical association between demographic and background variables and occurrence of CHE. Results Older people with diabetes and hypertension had an annual direct medical costs of $821 averagely, which includes 9.7% for diagnosis, 23.9% for doctor visits, and 66.4% for treatment. Direct medical costs account for around 0.26 of nonfood costs, with 12.5% of seniors facing high medical charges. Age, marital status, type of basic health insurance, diabetes, the time elapsed since initial diabetes diagnosis, the severity of diabetes complications, and the development of diabetes-related visual impairments, are associated with CHE (p < 0.05). Conclusion While the prevalence of CHE among elderly individuals with diabetes and hypertension is reasonably manageable, targeted promotional efforts are still necessary to protect those at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayed Saeed Kassaeian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Navid Danaei
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Farid Gharibi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
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Vale C, Almeida C, Azevedo J, Padrão P. Nutrient profile of packaged foods according to the degree of processing. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:148-158. [PMID: 38186325 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2299771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
An increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) leads to a rising prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. This study aims to characterise the nutrient profile of white-label pre-packaged foods and bakery products available in a market leader Portuguese food retail chain, according to the extent of processing proposed by NOVA classification system. The nutrient profile (energy, sugar, total fat, saturated fat and sodium) according to processing degree was analysed using non-parametric tests. UPF were the most energy dense (278 kcal/100 g, p < .001) and the highest in sugar (15.9 g/100 g, p < .001). Processed foods were the highest in sodium (538 mg/100 g, p < .001). Processed and UPF showed significantly higher total (12.4 and 10.8 g/100 g, respectively) and saturated fat content (6.10 and 4.61 g/100 g, respectively) than unprocessed/minimally processed foods (p < .001). Regarding the variation of the nutritional value across the extent of processing, different results were observed for some categories suggesting the importance of a stratified analysis. The consumption of less processed foods and the manufacture of processed/UPF with better nutrient profile should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Vale
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Azevedo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Letras de Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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He T, Cui W, Feng Y, Li X, Yu G. Digital health integration for noncommunicable diseases: Comprehensive process mapping for full-life-cycle management. J Evid Based Med 2024; 17:26-36. [PMID: 38361398 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM To create a systematic digital health process mapping framework for full-life-cycle noncommunicable disease management grounded in key stakeholder engagement. METHODS A triphasic, qualitative methodology was employed to construct a process mapping framework for digital noncommunicable disease management in Shanghai, China. The first phase involved desk research to examine current guidance and practices. In the second phase, pivotal stakeholders participated in focus group discussions to identify prevalent digital touchpoints across lifetime noncommunicable disease management. In the final phase, the Delphi technique was used to refine the framework based on expert insights and obtain consensus. RESULTS We identified 60 digital touchpoints across five essential stages of full-life-cycle noncommunicable disease management. Most experts acknowledged the rationality and feasibility of these touchpoints. CONCLUSIONS This study led to the creation of a comprehensive digital health process mapping framework that encompasses the entire life cycle of noncommunicable disease management. The insights gained emphasize the importance of a systemic strategic, person-centered approach over a fragmented, purely technocentric approach. We recommend that healthcare professionals use this framework as a linchpin for efficient disease management and seamless technology incorporation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Cui
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Carranza-Cubas SP, Serpa-Barrientos A, Oblitas-Guerrero SM, Ramos-Vera C. Body mass index and healthy lifestyle practices among Peruvian university students: a comparative study among academic discipline. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1361394. [PMID: 38450241 PMCID: PMC10915028 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1361394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excess body weight and an unhealthy lifestyle are a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. University students are susceptible to unhealthy habits and obesity. This study compared body mass index (BMI) and healthy lifestyle practices among university students from four academic disciplines: Health Sciences, Business Sciences, Human Sciences and Education, and Engineering/Architecture. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample of 6,642 university students selected by non-probability convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used to assess healthy lifestyle practices. Results Students in the areas of Business Sciences and Engineering/Architecture had a higher BMI than their peers in Health Sciences (B = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.56 and 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.52; p = 0.001). Additionally, these students tended to adopt less healthy lifestyle (B = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.20 to -0.01 and -0.09, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.00; p < 0.05) compared to those in Health Sciences. Conclusion Although students of Health Sciences and Human Sciences and Education exhibited healthy lifestyle patterns, there is a clear need to improve eating and living habits in general among the university population to mitigate the risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases.
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Vetrani C, Verde L, Ambretti A, Muscogiuri G, Pagano AM, Lucania L, Colao A, Barrea L. Nutritional interventions in prison settings: a scoping review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae011. [PMID: 38366579 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has shown that incarceration can affect the health and well-being of individuals and increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Diet quality is known to be one of the main determinants of risk of NCDs, and dietary changes are the first approach used in primary care to reduce the incidence of NCDs. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to summarize the evidence for (1) the diet quality of inmates, and (2) the effect of nutritional intervention in prison systems. In addition, we aimed to describe limitations in the current literature and to suggest potential future research areas. METHOD A systematic search was performed in 2 databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using predefined search terms and covering the period May 2023 to June 2023. Additionally, reference lists from the retrieved studies were hand-searched to identify any additional relevant publications. The identified literature was screened based on defined search strategies, criteria, and research questions defined using the PICo (population or problem, interest, and context) framework. The review was conducted referring to the PRISMA-ScR and the PICo framework. RESULTS A total of 19 studies out of 63 initially identified records were included in this review (11 cross-sectional evaluations and 9 intervention-based studies). In almost all studies, assessment of the diet quality of menus showed the menus to be nutritionally adequate, except for having a higher-than-recommended intake of total energy, saturated fatty acids, sodium, cholesterol, and sugar. In addition, some studies reported a lower-than-recommended intake of fiber, magnesium, potassium, vitamins D, E, and A, and omega-3 fatty acids. Nutritional interventions were mainly planned in the form of workshops, seminars, and written material to deliver information on healthy dietary choices. Although no significant changes in inmates' dietary choices were observed in any of the studies, a high participation rate was detected. CONCLUSION Inmates might require additional prevention intervention to reduce their susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases by virtue of their isolation from community facilities. Interventions should be tailored to the characteristics of prison settings and inmates to increase adherence to nutritional recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antinea Ambretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Pagano
- President S.I.M.S.Pe. Società Italiana di Medicina e Sanità Penitenziaria (Italian Society of Penitentiary Medicine and Healthcare), Viale Bruno Buozzi, ROMA, Italy
- Dipartimento delle Attività Territoriali, Direttore U.O. Tutela Salute Adulti e Minori, Area Penale, ASL SALERNO, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luciano Lucania
- Director S.I.M.S.Pe. Società Italiana di Medicina e Sanità Penitenziaria (Italian Society of Penitentiary Medicine and Healthcare), Viale Bruno Buozzi, ROMA, Italy
- Specialista Ambulatoriale in Chirurgia, Responsabile Istituto Penitenziario di Reggio Calabria Giuseppe Panzera, Street Carcere Nuovo, 15, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Naples, Italy
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Nkhoma DE, Mumba WK, Banda KJ, Sakala M, Panyani D, Muwalo B, Mbeye NM. Prevalence and determinants of adult consumer use and comprehension of food labels in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:318-331. [PMID: 37330669 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Food labelling is a global strategy recommended to reduce noncommunicable diseases. Few reviews, however, have focused on food label use in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of food label use and describe determinants of food label use and purchasing decisions of adult consumers in SSA. DATA SOURCE PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar databases. DATA EXTRACTION Search criteria included adults (aged ≥18 years), conducted in SSA, focusing on food label use or understanding and their determinants or determinants of food-purchasing decisions, and articles published in English. STUDY QUALITY AND DATA ANALYSIS Risk-of-bias assessment of included studies was done using the Joann Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Analysis included narrative synthesis and moderator and meta-analyses of food label use. RESULTS A total of 124 articles were found, of which 21 were included in the review. Of participants in the selected studies, 58% were female. About 80% reported food label use (either used sometimes or always) (70%-88%) (I2 = 97%; n = 6223), and regular use was estimated at 36% (28%-45%) (I2 = 97%; n = 5147). Food label use was influenced by level of income, education, employment status, and household size. Food-purchasing decisions were influenced by attributes such as expiry dates, price, and taste. Major recommendations reported were tailored education campaigns and reducing barriers to food label use. CONCLUSION Most (80%) of adults in SSA reported using food labels; however, only about one-third used them consistently. Demographic and situation factors determined patterns in food label use, whereas product attributes influenced food purchasing decisions. Complexity of these determinants requires adopting tailored, multisectoral, theory-driven programs to improve food label use. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/kc562).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumisani E Nkhoma
- Nkhata Bay District Hospital, Nkhata Bay District Health Office, Nkhata Bay, Malawi
| | - Wongani K Mumba
- Nkhata Bay District Hospital, Nkhata Bay District Health Office, Nkhata Bay, Malawi
| | - Kondwani J Banda
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Endoscopy Unit, Surgery Department, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Melody Sakala
- Policy Engagement Unit, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Panyani
- Nkhata Bay District Hospital, Nkhata Bay District Health Office, Nkhata Bay, Malawi
| | - Blessings Muwalo
- Department of Nutrition, HIV & AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nyanyiwe Masingi Mbeye
- Evidence Informed Decision Making Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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22
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Fontes F, Suleman A, Silva-Matos C, Mate C, Amado C, Damasceno A, Lunet N. Tobacco consumption in Mozambique in 2005 and 2015. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:579-588. [PMID: 38133604 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden related to smoking exposure is growing in many low-income settings. We aimed to quantify the use of smoked and smokeless tobacco in Mozambique in 2014/2015, and to compare the estimates with those obtained in 2005. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in 2014/2015 on a representative sample of the Mozambican population aged 15 to 64 years, following the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals were computed for different categories of tobacco consumption. The age-standardised prevalence in the age-group 25-64 years was compared with results from a STEPS survey conducted in 2005. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2014/2015, the prevalence of daily smoking decreased from 9.1% to 3.4% (p < 0.05) in women and from 33.6% to 27.3% (p < 0.05) in men. There was a significant decrease in the daily consumption of hand-rolled cigarettes among women (from 3.1% to 1.4%, p < 0.05). Among men, there was a decrease in the prevalence of daily consumption of smokeless tobacco (from 3.5% to 1.0%, p < 0.05). In 2014/2015, both manufactured and hand-rolled cigarette consumption were more prevalent among men, while the use of smokeless tobacco was more common among women; the consumption of both hand-rolled cigarettes and smokeless tobacco were more prevalent in rural settings. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In Mozambique, there was a decrease in the prevalence of daily smokers in both genders and of daily consumption of smokeless tobacco among men between 2005 and 2014/2015. Efforts are needed to maintain the positive trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Fontes
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Oncology Nursing Research Unit, IPO Porto Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & RISE at IPO Porto Research Center (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Suleman
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Nampula, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Carla Silva-Matos
- Unidade de Gestão do Fundo Global-Direção de Planificação e Cooperação, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Celina Mate
- Direção Nacional de Saúde Publica - Secção das Doenças não Transmissíveis, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Celeste Amado
- Direção Nacional de Saúde Publica - Secção das Doenças não Transmissíveis, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Nakamura N, Wainimala P, Ratuyawa M, Tawakedina F, Waqa E. Dietary Patterns of iTaukei (indigenous) Fijians: Preliminary Findings From a Five-Day Dietary Record in Rural Communities. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:123-126. [PMID: 37994557 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231212796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the preliminary findings from a five-day dietary record of 105 iTaukei (indigenous) Fijians in seven rural communities on remote islands, Fiji. Although the literature on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has discussed the potential reasons for the NCD increase in Fiji, research has relied on secondary data on the consumption patterns of limited food items. Hence, this research is one of the first in the country to analyze detailed dietary patterns. A high body mass index rate in the case study communities is observed. We also find that carbohydrate sources dominate the diet of the participants, while the consumption of protein sources (including canned products) and vegetables/fruits is limited. In addition, the diversity of food items is limited. Meanwhile, the major carbohydrate sources are locally produced cassava, although rice and flour products are also consumed. We suggest integrating these factors into the determination of the cause of the NCD increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Nakamura
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Peni Wainimala
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Metia Ratuyawa
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Fulori Tawakedina
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Elisabeta Waqa
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
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Almeida CDORPD, Martinez RM, Souza VRD, Lima TPB, Nascimento BA, Noblat GDA, Abreu GM, Pereira AD, Figueiredo MS, Teodoro AJ. Effects of Supplementation of Murici ( Byrsonima crassifolia) and Taperebá ( Spondias mombin) Pulp Extracts on Food Intake, Body Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Rats. J Med Food 2024; 27:47-59. [PMID: 38156814 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of supplementation of murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and taperebá (Spondias mombin) pulp extracts on dietary intake, body composition, biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 80 healthy male Wistar rats and a 30-day supplementation. In the first experiment, animals were divided into control (C) group, murici group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Mu), murici group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Mu), and murici group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Mu). In the second experiment, animals were divided into C group, taperebá group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Tap), taperebá group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Tap), and taperebá group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Tap). Results showed lower feed intake in 50Mu, 100Mu, and 100Tap groups (13%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, P < .05) and lower body fat in 200Mu, 100Tap, and 200Tap groups (16.0%, 29.1%, and 27.1%, respectively, P < .05). Only the 100Tap group showed reduced adipose tissue content (30.4%; P < .05). Increased plasma antioxidant capacity was observed at all doses for both fruits. Taperebá supplementation reduced ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange levels (50Tap: 8.4%, 100Tap: 16.1%, 200Tap: 24.3%; P < .05) and increased thiol levels (50Tap: 39%, 100Tap: 31%; P < .05). Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were reduced in all groups receiving taperebá (50Tap: 77.7%, 100Tap: 73.1%, 200Tap: 73.8%; P < .05) and murici (50Mu: 44.5%, 100Mu: 34%, 200Mu: 43%; P < .05). Therefore, it is suggested that the inclusion of these fruits in the diet can contribute to health maintenance and disease prevention, through their effects on controlling food intake, improving body composition, and in combating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Martins Martinez
- Food and Nutrition Security Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Almeida Nascimento
- Emília de Jesus Ferreiro College of Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Alcantara Noblat
- Emília de Jesus Ferreiro College of Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Menezes Abreu
- Nutrition Science Program, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Integrated Center of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson Junger Teodoro
- Integrated Center of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kader SB, Shakurun N, Janzen B, Pahwa P. Impaired sleep, multimorbidity, and self-rated health among Canadians: Findings from a nationally representative survey. J Multimorb Comorb 2024; 14:26335565241228549. [PMID: 38523711 PMCID: PMC10958807 DOI: 10.1177/26335565241228549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) is a globally recognized measure of health status. Both impaired sleep (IS) and the presence of multimorbidity are related to poorer SRH, but the precise nature of these associations remains unclear. This study explored the association between IS, multimorbidity, and SRH among Canadian adults. Method We used 2017-18 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data for this study. The main variable of interest, self-rated health (SRH), measured participants' health on a 5-point Likert scale, later categorized as "good or better" vs. "fair or poor". The primary predictor, IS, was derived from two variables and categorized into four groups: no sleep issues; fewer sleeping hours (<7 hours) only; trouble sleeping only; and fewer hours & trouble sleeping. Multimorbidity was present (yes/no) if a participant indicated being diagnosed with two or more chronic conditions. Results Just over one in ten Canadians reported fair/poor SRH and approximately one-quarter had multimorbidity or experienced few sleep hours in combination with trouble sleeping. The adjusted model indicated greater odds of fair/poor SRH associated with the 40-64 years age group, male sex, and lower socio-economic status. It also suggested the presence of multimorbidity (AOR= 4.63, 95% CI: 4.06-5.28) and a combination of fewer sleep hours and troubled sleep (AOR= 4.05, 95% CI: 2.86-5.74) is responsible for poor SRH. Forty-four percent of the total effect of IS on SRH was mediated by multimorbidity. Conclusion This unique finding highlights the mediating role of multimorbidity, emphasizing the importance of addressing it alongside sleep issues for optimal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirmin Bintay Kader
- American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nahin Shakurun
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bonnie Janzen
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Yusuf D, Kholifaturrohmah R, Nurcholis M, Setiarto RHB, Anggadhania L, Sulistiani. Potential of White Jack Bean ( Canavalia ensiformis L. DC) Kefir as a Microencapsulated Antioxidant. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:453-462. [PMID: 38188079 PMCID: PMC10764231 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Kefir is a fermented food that has been reported to repress oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity, bioactive composition, and encapsulation efficiency of white jack bean (WJB) kefir. The following procedures were conducted: WJB was prepared and converted into juice using water solvent. The sterilized WJB juice was then fermented with kefir grain (10%) for 24∼72 h. Every 24 h, the kefir was evaluated for antioxidant activity, and the dominant bioactive component suspected to be the source of the antioxidant activity was identified. The final stage was the encapsulation process. WJB kefir showed high antioxidant activity, inhibiting DPPH radicals by 90.51±4.73% and ABTS radicals by 86.63±2.34% after 72 h of fermentation. WJB kefir contained 0.35±0.01 mg GAE/g total phenolics and 0.08 mg/g total flavonoids. The LC/MS identification suggested that the bioactive antioxidant components of the WJB kefir were from the alkaloid, saponin, phenolic, and flavonoid groups. The encapsulation with maltodextrin using freeze drying resulted in microencapsulation of WJB kefir with a particle size of 6.42±0.13 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was 79.61%, and the IC50 value was 32.62 ppm. The encapsulation method was able to maintain the antioxidant stability of the kefir and extend its shelf life. WJB kefir, a nondairy, lactose-free kefir, can be used as an antioxidant functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandy Yusuf
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Traditional Fermentation, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Risa Kholifaturrohmah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Nurcholis
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - R. Haryo Bimo Setiarto
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Traditional Fermentation, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Lutfi Anggadhania
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sulistiani
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Traditional Fermentation, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
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Joffe M, Ayeni OA, Mapanga W, Ruff P, Murugan N, Cubasch H, Norris SA. Perspectives on common chronic diseases in adult cancer patients in South Africa. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2228567. [PMID: 37431748 PMCID: PMC10337486 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2228567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rising noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden in low- and middle-income countries. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) bears a higher burden than the global average with South Africa (SA) enduring the highest regional burden. SA among other southern African countries also bears a high prevalence of HIV and other chronic communicable diseases. Having a perspective on common chronic diseases in the ever-increasing numbers of adult cancer patients in SA will inform our understanding of approaches to better manage them. This commentary reviews regional and national studies and data of low- and middle-income countries and particularly SA on the chronic infectious and NCD multimorbidity burden among adult cancer patients. It also reflects on the considerable health system challenges of managing discordant multimorbidity among adult cancer patients within the SA Public Health System. Despite the critical need to better manage the growing MM burden in general and particularly the high prevalence of discordant multimorbidity among cancer patients, there is a dearth of research into MM management generally and in LMICs particularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Joffe
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African MRC and the University of the Witwatersrand Centre for Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre (CECRC), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin A. Ayeni
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Ruff
- South African MRC and the University of the Witwatersrand Centre for Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre (CECRC), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Soweto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (SCCC), Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nivashini Murugan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- South African MRC and the University of the Witwatersrand Centre for Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre (CECRC), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Forero AY, Morales GE, Forero LC. Relationship between physical activity, sedentarism and obesity in adults, Colombia, 2015. Biomedica 2023; 43:99-109. [PMID: 38207152 PMCID: PMC10941826 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors were shown to be risk factors in the prevalence of diseases such as obesity. Objective. To conduct an analysis of the relationship between physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status in the population aged 18 to 64 years in Colombia, 2015. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the 2015 Colombian nutrition survey was done, using sociodemographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity, geographic area, region, wealth index), along with weight, height, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals, chi-square, logistic regression and odds ratio were estimated. Results. The analyzed population included 16,607 individuals (54.8% women and 45.2% men) aged 18 to 64 years. Men were more overweight (37.6%) than women, while obesity was more frequent in women (22.1%). It was observed that 48.3% did not meet the physical activity recommendations; 56.9% of adults spent two or more hours a day watching screens. There was a significant association (p<0.050) between non-compliance with physical activity recommendations and obesity. In addition, complying with the physical activity recommendation decreases the probability of obesity by 1.25 times. Conclusion. Obesity is a health problem for the adult population, with a higher prevalence in women and in those over 30 years old. It is related to non-compliance with the recommendations about physical activity and sedentary behaviors (which are more prevalent in Afro-descendants), high wealth quartile status, and to reside in urban areas and to live in the Bogotá area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yibby Forero
- Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Gina Emely Morales
- Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Luis Carlos Forero
- Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Cáceres C, Lora ÁJ, Villabona SJ, Rocha MC, Camacho PA. Adherence to pharmacological treatment in non-communicable chronic diseases in the Colombian population: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedica 2023; 43:51-65. [PMID: 38207150 PMCID: PMC10941828 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Non-communicable chronic diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide, and their prevalence is increasing due to the epidemiological transition. Despite the advances in their management, control rates are deficient, attributed to multiple factors like adherence to pharmacological treatment, one of the most significant and least studied in the Colombian population. Objective. To calculate adherence to treatment in Colombian patients with arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dyslipidemia between 2005 and 2022. Materials and methods. We performed a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of studies identified through the Medline and LILACS databases to quantitatively synthesize treatment adherence percentage. Results. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 5,658 patients were analyzed. The treatment adherence was 59%, with significant heterogeneity among the included studies (95% CI= 46- 71%; I2 = 98.8%, p< 0.001). Higher adherence rates were observed for diabetes mellitus (79%; 95% CI = 65- 90%) and dyslipidemia (70%; 95% CI = 66- 74%). Adherence to arterial hypertension treatment was 51% (95 %; CI = 31- 72%). Conclusions. This systematic review showed low adherence to recommendations regarding pharmacological management in non-communicable chronic diseases, which can have implications for long-term clinical outcomes and disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cáceres
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Álvaro José Lora
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | | | - María Catalina Rocha
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga,.
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Perelli L, Alcaraz A, Vianna CMDM, Espinola N, Cairoli FR, Bardach A, Palacios A, Balan D, Johns P, Augustovski F, Pichón-Rivière A. Health and economic burden of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00249422. [PMID: 38126558 PMCID: PMC10740399 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen249422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugar and are associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes. This study assessed the impact of SSBs consumption on disease burden in Brazil, including deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and healthcare costs. A 3-stage methodology was used to assess the direct effects of SSBs on diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and body mass index (BMI), along with the influence of BMI on disease incidence. These assessments were then used to estimate the economic and health burden using population-attributable factors. Results showed that 2.7% and 11% of adult and children overweight/obesity cases were attributable to SSBs, respectively. SSBs consumption in Brazil led to 1,814,486 cases, 12,942 deaths, 362,088 DALYs, and USD 2,915.91 million in medical costs related to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases, and other NCDs. Urgent implementation of public policies is crucial to address the consumption of SSBs, recognized as a key risk factor for NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Perelli
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Alcaraz
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Natalia Espinola
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ariel Bardach
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Palacios
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, U.K
| | - Dario Balan
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Johns
- ACT Promoção da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Thompson TAM, Desai MM, Martinez-Brockman JL, Tessier-Sherman B, Nunez M, Adams OP, Nazario CM, Maharaj RG, Nunez-Smith M. The Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) Cohort Study: Design, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:17. [PMID: 38276805 PMCID: PMC10815461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for a higher proportion of mortality and morbidity in the Caribbean and US territories-majority-minority communities-than in the United States or Canada. Strategies to address this disparity include enhancing data collection efforts among racial/ethnic communities. The ECHORN Cohort Study (ECS), a regional adult cohort study, estimates prevalence and assesses risk factors for NCDs in two United States territories and two Caribbean islands. Here, we describe the cohort study approach, sampling methods, data components, and demographic makeup for wave one participants. We enrolled ECS participants from each participating island using random and probability sampling frames. Data components include a clinical examination, laboratory tests, a brief clinical questionnaire, and a self-administered health survey. A subset of ECS participants provided a blood sample to biobank for future studies. Approximately 2961 participants were enrolled in wave one of the ECS. On average, participants are 57 years of age, and the majority self-identify as female. Data from the ECS allow for comparisons of NCD outcomes among racial/ethnic populations in the US territories and the US and evaluations of the impact of COVID-19 on NCD management and will help highlight opportunities for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayur M. Desai
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | | | - Baylah Tessier-Sherman
- General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (B.T.-S.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - Maxine Nunez
- School of Nursing, The University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas 00802, U.S. Virgin Islands;
| | - O. Peter Adams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Bridgetown P.O. Box 64, Barbados;
| | - Cruz María Nazario
- Medical Sciences Campus, The University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00921, Puerto Rico;
| | - Rohan G. Maharaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Marcella Nunez-Smith
- General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (B.T.-S.); (M.N.-S.)
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Marshall K, Beaden P, Durrani H, Tang K, Mogilevskii R, Bhutta Z. The role of the private sector in noncommunicable disease prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries: a series of systematic reviews and thematic syntheses. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2156099. [PMID: 36591948 PMCID: PMC9815432 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2156099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Conduct six systematic reviews investigating for-profit private sector roles in NCD prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through our a priori framework's pillars. METHODS Six systematic reviews and thematic syntheses were performed between March-August 2021, Six databases, websites of relevant organizations, and references lists of included studies were comprehensively searched. Studies published in English from 2000 onwards involving the pillar of interest, for-profit private sector, NCD prevention/management, and LMIC context were included. Results were synthesized using an inductive thematic synthesis approach. RESULTS Ultimately, 25 articles were included in the PPP review, 33 in Governance and Policy, 22 in Healthcare Provision, 15 in Innovation, 14 in Knowledge Educator, and 42 in Investment and Finance. The following themes emerged: PPPs (coordination; financial resources; provision; health promotion; capacity building; innovation; policy); Governance/Policy (lobbying; industry perception; regulation); Healthcare Provision (diagnosis/treatment; infrastructure; availability/accessibility/affordability); Innovation (product innovation; process innovation; marketing innovation; research; innovation dissemination); Knowledge Educator (training; health promotion; industry framework/guideline formation); Investment and Finance (treatment cost; regulation; private insurance; subsidization; direct investment; collaborative financing; innovative financing; research). CONCLUSION These findings will be instrumental for LMICs considering private sector engagement. Potential conflicts of interest must be considered when implementing private sector involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Marshall
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,CONTACT Keiko Marshall University of Toronto
| | - Philippa Beaden
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hammad Durrani
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Roman Mogilevskii
- Institute of Public Policy and Administration, University of Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada,Centre for Excellence in Women and Child Health and Institute of Global Health and Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan,Zulfiqar Bhutta Zulfiqar BhuttaCentre for Global Child Health Hospital, Sick Children 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805 Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ext. 328532 Aga Khan University
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Parlatescu I, Dugan C, Popescu BO, Tovaru S, Dobre M, Milanesi E. Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2085. [PMID: 38138188 PMCID: PMC10744480 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of non-transmissible conditions that tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Although an association between oral disorders and NCDs has been suggested, the relationship between Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and NCDs and their associated risk factors has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we aim to identify associations between BMS and NCDs in the Romanian population. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine BMS patients and 88 age-matched controls (aged 50 and over) were clinically evaluated for the presence of eight noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their most common risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. Results: The results of our study showed that the BMS in the Romanian population seems to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (p < 0.001) and two of their risk factors, hypertension (p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001). Moreover, evaluating the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the individuals not affected by CVDs (73 CTRL and 38 BMS), we found that 13.2% of BMS patients reported a moderate risk of developing CVDs in ten years, compared to the controls, all of whom presented a low risk (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary clinical approach, which also includes a cardiovascular evaluation, is essential for the successful management of BMS. Moreover, these data highlighted the importance of introducing an integrated strategy for the prevention and care of NCDs in BMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanina Parlatescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Cosmin Dugan
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Tovaru
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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van Lieshout M, Scholtes-Bos W, van der Horst-Graat JM, van Holsteijn P, de Vries SI. Development of the Food Boost Challenge: A Participatory Action Research Approach to Enhance Vegetable and Fruit Consumption among Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 15:4921. [PMID: 38068779 PMCID: PMC10708103 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of non-communicable diseases through, among other factors, increasing vegetables and fruit (V&F) intake is a cost-effective strategy for risk reduction but requires behavioral change. Such changes in adolescents benefit from their active involvement. The Food Boost Challenge (FBC) was developed using a participatory action research approach to enhance healthy eating behaviors, namely V&F products among adolescents. The FBC is an innovation process, involving adolescents, (peer) researchers, and food system partners, like non-governmental and commercial organizations. In 2021-2022, 34 partners provided both cash and in-kind contributions to join the FBC community. Phase 1 involved 200 students identifying barriers and drivers for consumption of F&V products among 1000 pre-vocational adolescents, aged 12-20 years. In phase 2, student teams submitted innovative ideas, resulting in 25 concepts fitting into ≥1 of 4 routes: (I) innovative technology for a healthy diet, (II) new food products/concepts for adolescents, (III) hotspots improving the F&V product experience, and (IV) new routes to market. In phase 3, consortia of adolescents, students, and partners were formed to develop 10 selected concepts into prototypes, and phase 4 offered teams a national platform. Results show that the FBC resonates with all stakeholders, generating valuable insights to increase F&V intake. Prototypes in all four routes have been developed. Additionally, other regions in the Netherlands have adopted the FBC approach. Overall, the FBC is an approach that transforms ideas into actionable measures and shows potential to be adapted to promote various healthy eating behaviors among school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld van Lieshout
- Research Group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, Centre of Expertise Health Innovation, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands; (W.S.-B.); (S.I.d.V.)
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health, Nutrition & Sports, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Scholtes-Bos
- Research Group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, Centre of Expertise Health Innovation, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands; (W.S.-B.); (S.I.d.V.)
- Medical Delta Living Lab VIT for Life, Medical Delta, 2629 JH Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sanne I. de Vries
- Research Group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, Centre of Expertise Health Innovation, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, 2521 EN The Hague, The Netherlands; (W.S.-B.); (S.I.d.V.)
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, 2511 DP The Hague, The Netherlands
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Sampa MB, Biswas T, Rahman MS, Aziz NHBA, Hossain MN, Aziz NAA. A Machine Learning Web App to Predict Diabetic Blood Glucose Based on a Basic Noninvasive Health Checkup, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Dietary Information: Case Study. JMIR Diabetes 2023; 8:e49113. [PMID: 37999944 DOI: 10.2196/49113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, diabetes has become a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. The advancement of artificial intelligence can be reaped in the prediction of blood glucose levels for better health management. However, the practical validity of machine learning (ML) techniques for predicting health parameters using data from low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, is very low. Specifically, Bangladesh lacks research using ML techniques to predict blood glucose levels based on basic noninvasive clinical measurements and dietary and sociodemographic information. OBJECTIVE To formulate strategies for public health planning and the control of diabetes, this study aimed to develop a personalized ML model that predicts the blood glucose level of urban corporate workers in Bangladesh. METHODS Based on the basic noninvasive health checkup test results, dietary information, and sociodemographic characteristics of 271 employees of the Bangladeshi Grameen Bank complex, 5 well-known ML models, namely, linear regression, boosted decision tree regression, neural network, decision forest regression, and Bayesian linear regression, were used to predict blood glucose levels. Continuous blood glucose data were used in this study to train the model, which then used the trained data to predict new blood glucose values. RESULTS Boosted decision tree regression demonstrated the greatest predictive performance of all evaluated models (root mean squared error=2.30). This means that, on average, our model's predicted blood glucose level deviated from the actual blood glucose level by around 2.30 mg/dL. The mean blood glucose value of the population studied was 128.02 mg/dL (SD 56.92), indicating a borderline result for the majority of the samples (normal value: 140 mg/dL). This suggests that the individuals should be monitoring their blood glucose levels regularly. CONCLUSIONS This ML-enabled web application for blood glucose prediction helps individuals to self-monitor their health condition. The application was developed with communities in remote areas of low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, in mind. These areas typically lack health facilities and have an insufficient number of qualified doctors and nurses. The web-based application is a simple, practical, and effective solution that can be adopted by the community. Use of the web application can save money on medical expenses, time, and health management expenses. The created system also aids in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in ensuring that everyone in the community enjoys good health and well-being and lowering total morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuda Begum Sampa
- Center for Engineering Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Biswas
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Siddikur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Nor Hidayati Binti Abdul Aziz
- Center for Engineering Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Md Nazmul Hossain
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nor Azlina Ab Aziz
- Center for Engineering Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
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Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Vale S, Costa JA, Seabra A. Effects of "Football and Nutrition for Health" program on body composition, physical fitness, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status among 7 to 10 years school children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1251053. [PMID: 38027281 PMCID: PMC10663241 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1251053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noncommunicable diseases and obesity are between the major health threat due to consumption of unhealthy foods and limited time spent on physical activities, a situation of particular concern among children. Since children spend most of their time at school, this study intends to investigate the effect of a school intervention program, which combines recreational football and nutrition education, on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, blood pressure and heart rate, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status in elementary school children. Methods A total of 67 children, between 7 and 10 years old, were allocated into three groups: the Football Group (FG) which held 2 weekly sessions of 60 min of recreational football, the Nutrition and Football Group (NFG) which held 2 sessions per week of 60 min of recreational football plus 60 min of nutritional education and the Control Group (CG) which maintained its usual curriculum. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All measurements were collected before and after the intervention. Results Intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) improved BMI Z-score, rest heart rate, horizontal jump and shuttle test, physical activity level, and psychosocial health. The NFG group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) nutritional knowledge, fruit, and fish consumption. While FG significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the percentage of fat mass and significantly increased (p < 0.05) muscle mass and performance in the 20 m sprint. Discussion The results have shown to improve nutritional status, explosive strength, aerobic and neuromuscular fitness, as well as increase the level of physical activity. The nutritional education sessions contributed to increase nutritional knowledge and to improve the consumption of healthy food groups in a ludic-educational way. The "Football and Nutrition for Health" program was able to induce short-term improvements in several health markers, highlighting the role of the school curriculum in children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
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Salazar LJ, Srinivasan K, Heylen E, Ekstrand ML. Medication Adherence among Primary Care Patients with Common Mental Disorders and Chronic Medical Conditions in Rural India. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:622-628. [PMID: 38545530 PMCID: PMC10964881 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231173869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Only a few studies have explored the relationship between psychosocial factors and medication adherence in Indian patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We aimed to examine the association of psychosocial variables with medication adherence in people with NCDs and comorbid common mental disorders (CMDs) from primary care in rural southern India. Methods We performed a secondary analysis using baseline data from a randomized controlled trial in 49 primary care health centers in rural southern India (HOPE study). Participants were adults (≥30 years) with NCDs that included hypertension, diabetes, and/or ischemic heart disease, and comorbid depression or anxiety disorders. Medication adherence was assessed by asking participants if they had missed any prescribed NCD medication in the past month. Data were collected between May 2015 and November 2018. The association between psychosocial and demographic variables and medication nonadherence were assessed via logistic regression analyses. Results Of the 2486 participants enrolled, almost one-fifth (18.06%) reported missing medication. Male sex (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.37-2.22) and higher internalized mental illness stigma (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-2.00) were associated with higher odds of missing medication. Older age (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.60, for participants aged 64-75 years vs 30-44 years), reporting more social support (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.86), and higher satisfaction with health (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.89) were associated with lower odds of missing medication. Conclusions Greater internalized mental illness stigma and less social support are significantly associated with lower rates of medication adherence in patients with NCDs and comorbid CMDs in rural India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Joshua Salazar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, St. John’s Medical College, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnamachari Srinivasan
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Elsa Heylen
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Maria L. Ekstrand
- Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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Padrón GJ, Flores YYR. Perspectives and practices of personnel involved in family planning with women at reproductive risk. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20230001. [PMID: 37930234 PMCID: PMC10631745 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0001en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the perspectives and practices of personnel involved in family planning with women at reproductive risk due to chronic diseases. METHOD Qualitative study in which physicians and nurses from primary care centers in a state in central Mexico were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed under the Grounded Theory proposal. RESULTS The perspectives and practices in family planning interventions are unilaterally framed in the biomedical model. Three categories of analysis emerged: "The battle", "Convince by imposing", "Monitor them and catch them". CONCLUSION It is necessary to promote competencies in interculturality, gender perspective and human rights to make the intervention more of a counseling and less of a prescription for life projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yesica Yolanda Rangel Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición. Maestría en Salud Pública, San Luis Potosí, México
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Santos LO, de Paula TF, Souza MJS, dos Santos BNS, Pena ED, Felisbino-Mendes MS. Self-rated health of Brazilian women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20230127. [PMID: 37930235 PMCID: PMC10631743 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0127en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate sociodemographic factors, non-communicable diseases and conditions, and behavioral risk factors associated with negative self-rated health among Brazilian women of childbearing age. METHOD Cross-sectional study with 26,071 Brazilian women of reproductive age. Estimated prevalence of self-rated health according to sociodemographic characteristics, non-communicable diseases and conditions, and behavioral risk factors. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted prevalence ratios. RESULTS Occurrence of two or more of the diseases and conditions presented a prevalence of negative self-rated health almost three times higher than none. There was a positive association between negative self-rated health and older age groups, lower education, black or brown skin color/race, living in the north and northeast regions, physical inactivity, being a smoker, and presence of one or more of the diseases and conditions. CONCLUSION There are differences in self-rated health, reflecting social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Oliveira Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thayane Fraga de Paula
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria José Silva Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nicole Soares dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erica Dumont Pena
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Heltbech MS, Jensen CL, Girma T, Abera M, Admassu B, Kæstel P, Wells JCK, Michaelsen KF, Friis H, Andersen GS, Wibæk R. The Associations of Breastfeeding Status at 6 Months with Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Markers at 5 Years in the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition Birth Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:4595. [PMID: 37960248 PMCID: PMC10647349 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Breastfeeding (BF) has been shown to lower the risk of overweight and cardiometabolic disease later in life. However, evidence from low-income settings remains sparse. We examined the associations of BF status at 6 months with anthropometry, body composition (BC), and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years in Ethiopian children. (2) Methods: Mother-child pairs from the iABC birth cohort were categorised into four BF groups at 6 months: 1. "Exclusive", 2. "Almost exclusive", 3. "Predominantly" and 4. "Partial or none". The associations of BF status with anthropometry, BC, and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years were examined using multiple linear regression analyses in three adjustment models. (3) Results: A total of 306 mother-child pairs were included. Compared with "Exclusive", the nonexclusive BF practices were associated with a lower BMI, blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol at 5 years. Compared with "Exclusive", "Predominantly" and "Almost exclusive" had shorter stature of -1.7 cm (-3.3, -0.2) and -1.2 cm (-2.9, 0.5) and a lower fat-free mass index of -0.36 kg/m2 (-0.71, -0.005) and -0.38 kg/m2 (-0.76, 0.007), respectively, but a similar fat mass index. Compared with "Exclusive", "Predominantly" had higher insulin of 53% (2.01, 130.49), "Almost exclusive" had lower total and LDL-cholesterol, and "Partial or none" had a lower fat mass index. (5) Conclusions: Our data suggest that children exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age are overall larger at 5 years, with greater stature, higher fat-free mass but similar fat mass, higher HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, and lower insulin concentrations compared with predominantly breastfed children. Long-term studies of the associations between BF and metabolic health are needed to inform policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde S. Heltbech
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark (P.K.); (K.F.M.); (H.F.)
| | - Cecilie L. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark (P.K.); (K.F.M.); (H.F.)
| | - Tsinuel Girma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia;
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia;
| | - Bitiya Admassu
- Jimma University Clinical and Nutrition Research Partnership (JUCAN), Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia;
| | - Pernille Kæstel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark (P.K.); (K.F.M.); (H.F.)
| | - Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Kim F. Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark (P.K.); (K.F.M.); (H.F.)
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark (P.K.); (K.F.M.); (H.F.)
| | - Gregers S. Andersen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital–Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Wibæk
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital–Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Jain N, Kourampi I, Umar TP, Almansoor ZR, Anand A, Ur Rehman ME, Jain S, Reinis A. Global population surpasses eight billion: Are we ready for the next billion? AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:849-866. [PMID: 38187896 PMCID: PMC10764969 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In November 2022, the global population had officially crossed eight billion. It has long been recognized that socioeconomic or health-related problems in the community always accompany an uncontrolled population expansion. International calls have been made regarding lack of universal health coverage, an insufficient supply of healthcare providers, the burden of noncommunicable disease, population aging and the difficulty in obtaining safe drinking water and food. The present health policy paper discusses how to conquer these crowded world issues, including (1) promoting government and international organization participation in providing appropriate infrastructure, funding and distribution to assist people's health and well-being; (2) shifting health program towards a more preventive approach and (3) reducing inequalities, particularly for the marginalized, isolated and underrepresented population. These fundamental principles of health policy delivery as a response to an increasingly crowded world and its challenges are crucial for reducing the burden associated with excessive healthcare costs, decreased productivity and deteriorating environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Jain
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradinš University, 16 Dzirciema street, Riga, Latvia, LV-1007
| | - Islam Kourampi
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, Greece, 11527
| | - Tungki Pratama Umar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia 30128
| | - Zahra Rose Almansoor
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ayush Anand
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Buddha Road, Dharan 56700, Nepal
| | | | - Shivani Jain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Ferozepur-Moga Road, Ferozepur, Punjab, India 152002
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradinš University, 16 Dzirciema street, Riga, Latvia, LV-1007
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Özcan A, Nijland N, Gerdes VEA, Bruers JJM, Loos BG. Willingness for Medical Screening in a Dental Setting-A Pilot Questionnaire Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6969. [PMID: 37947527 PMCID: PMC10650185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An important way to manage noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is to focus on prevention, early detection, and reducing associated risk factors. Risk factors can be detected with simple general health checks, which can also be performed in dental clinics. The purpose of this study was to investigate participants' willingness to participate in general health checks at the dentist, in particular the difference in opinion between medical patients and random healthy dental attendees. A total of 100 medical patients from an outpatient internal medicine clinic and 100 dental clinic attendees were included (total of 200 participants). The participants were asked for their opinion using six closed-ended questions. Overall, 91.0% of participants were receptive to information about the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The majority (80-90%) was receptive to screening for DM and CVD risk, such as weight and height measurements, blood pressure measurement, saliva testing for CVD and to measure glucose and cholesterol via finger stick. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of the responses between the different groups based on health status, age, sex, or cultural background. This study shows that most participants are willing to undergo medical screening at the dentist for early detection and/or prevention of common NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Özcan
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.G.L.)
| | - Nina Nijland
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.G.L.)
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Josef J. M. Bruers
- Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Dental Association (KNMT), 3528 BB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.G.L.)
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Silva FM, Giatti L, Fonseca MDJMD, Brant LCC, Diniz MDFHS, Molina MDCB, Matos SMAD, Vigo A, Barreto SM. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and eight-year risk of death from all causes and noncommunicable diseases in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37821803 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2267797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with higher incidences of many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and death from all causes. However, the association between UPF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains controversial. Our study investigated whether UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of death from all causes, NCDs, and CVD. This study includes 14,747 participants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort followed up over an eight-year period. The NOVA classification was used to estimate the proportion of UPF (grams/day) in one's diet. Cox regression was also applied. After adjustment for sociodemographic, health, and behavioural factors, a 10% increase in UPF in participants' diets raised the risk of death from all causes and NCDs by 10% (95%CI: 1.01-1.19) and 11% (95%CI:1.02-1.21), respectively. However, UPF consumption was not associated with CVD mortality. The findings support public policies aimed at reducing UPF consumption in an attempt to reduce the NCD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marcelina Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- School of Medicine and Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant
- School of Medicine and Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina
- Department of Collective Health and Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Vigo
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- School of Medicine and Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Tao D, Awan-Scully R, Ash GI, Gu Y, Pei Z, Gao Y, Cole A, Supriya R, Sun Y, Xu R, Baker JS. Health policy considerations for combining exercise prescription into noncommunicable diseases treatment: a narrative literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1219676. [PMID: 37849722 PMCID: PMC10577435 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1219676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this review, we aim to highlight the evidence base for the benefits of exercise in relation to the treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), draw on the Health Triangular Policy Framework to outline the principal facilitators and barriers for implementing exercise in health policy, and make concrete suggestions for action. Methods Literature review and framework analysis were conducted to deal with the research questions. Results Exercise prescription is a safe solution for noncommunicable diseases prevention and treatment that enables physicians to provide and instruct patients how to apply exercise as an important aspect of disease treatment and management. Combining exercise prescription within routine care, in inpatient and outpatient settings, will improve patients' life quality and fitness levels. Conclusion Inserting exercise prescription into the healthcare system would improve population health status and healthy lifestyles. The suggestions outlined in this study need combined efforts from the medical profession, governments, and policymakers to facilitate practice into reality in the healthcare arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roger Awan-Scully
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Garrett I. Ash
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical Comorbidities and Education Center (PRIME), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alistair Cole
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rashmi Supriya
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Subcomisión DOHaD de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría. [Statement of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría on the prevention of non-communicable diseases: the need to strengthen knowledge and reinforce strategies]. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2023; 121:e202310070. [PMID: 37699148 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2023-10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Research in recent decades has revealed that an adverse environment in the developmental stage can produce a greater susceptibility to phenotypes related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or neurobehavioral disorders, among other chronic noncommunicable diseases. These diseases, whose tendency is increasing especially in countries with high social vulnerability, cause premature deaths and constitute the first cause of death in adult life as well as a great cost to public health. Aware of the need to prevent these diseases from the first thousand days of life, the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría created the DOHaD Committee and formulated a statement for the prevention of NCDs, to which Latin American countries also adhered. We believe that the application of the declared strategies with interdisciplinary and intersectoral actions sustained over time will contribute to building health, reducing the burden of NCDs, and to greater wellbeing and productivity for the people.
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Mundra A, Kalantri A, Jakasania A, Sathe H, Raut A, Maliye C, Bahulekar P, Dawale A, Paradkar RJ, Siriah S, Kumar S, Gupta SS, Garg B. Vitalizing Community for Health Promotion Against Modifiable Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases (V-CaN) in Rural Central India: Protocol for a Hybrid Type II Implementation Effectiveness Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e42450. [PMID: 37773622 PMCID: PMC10576228 DOI: 10.2196/42450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries are facing the emerging burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Apart from loss of human lives and premature deaths, NCDs result in huge costs for treatment to individuals and the health system. Although NCDs develop in later life, the risk factors begin at an early age. The key to the control of the global epidemic of NCDs is primary prevention based on comprehensive community-based programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of a participatory health promotion initiative utilizing the existing mechanisms of Village Health Nutrition and Sanitation Committees (VHNSCs), women's self-help groups (SHGs), and schools on modifiable risk factors for NCDs among young people aged 10-30 years. METHODS The proposed type II hybrid effectiveness implementation cluster randomized field trial will be conducted in the catchment area of 4 primary health centers (PHCs) in Wardha district, India, comprising 100 villages with a population of 144,000. Each PHC will be randomly allocated to one of the 3 intervention arms or the control arm. The 3-intervention arm PHCs will utilize a unique strategy with either VHNSC or SHG members or school students as change agents for health action against common modifiable NCD risk factors. This study will be implemented in 3 phases from January 2022 to December 2024. First, the preparatory phase for baseline assessments includes anthropometry, behavioral and biochemical risk factors for NCDs, and participatory development of the health promotion intervention modules. Second, the implementation phase will focus on capacity building of the change agents and implementation of the participatory health promotion initiative. The implementation will include organization of community-based events, 6-monthly participatory assessment of change, and preparation of a sustainability and exit plan toward the end of this phase. Third, the evaluation phase will consist of studying the effectiveness of each intervention strategy in the reduction of risk factor prevalence at the population level. RESULTS We will assess 12,000 (3000 in each arm) randomly selected individuals for behavioral risk factors and 1600 (400 in each arm) individuals for biochemical risk factors during baseline as well as endline assessments. Difference in differences, ANOVA or multivariate analysis of covariance, and regression analysis will be performed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Qualitative methods such as focus group discussions and stories of change will be documented and analyzed using thematic framework analysis. The implementation outcomes will be reported using the PRISM (Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model) RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. The results are expected to be published by mid-2025. CONCLUSIONS This study will show the magnitude of risk factors for NCDs, its determinants, feasibility, effectiveness of community-based interventions, and health promotion models for NCD prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registration India CTRI/2020/10/028700; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=47597&EncHid=&userName=V-CaN. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Mundra
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Ashwini Kalantri
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Arjunkumar Jakasania
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Harshal Sathe
- Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Abhishek Raut
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Chetna Maliye
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Pramod Bahulekar
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Ajay Dawale
- District Health Office, Zilla Parishad, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Sakshi Siriah
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Subodh S Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
| | - Bishan Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kasturba Health Society, Wardha, India
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Almaghrbi H, Al-Shafai M, Al-Asmakh M, Bawadi H. Association of Vitamin D Genetic Risk Score with Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4040. [PMID: 37764823 PMCID: PMC10537716 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The genetic risk score (GRS) is an important tool for estimating the total genetic contribution or susceptibility to a certain outcome of interest in an individual, taking into account their genetic risk alleles. This study aims to systematically review the association between the GRS of low vitamin D with different noncommunicable diseases/markers. Methods: The article was first registered in PROSPERO CRD42023406929. PubMed and Embase were searched from the time of inception until March 2023 to capture all the literature related to the vitamin D genetic risk score (vD-GRS) in association with noncommunicable diseases. This was performed using comprehensive search terms including "Genetic Risk Score" OR "Genetics risk assessment" OR "Genome-wide risk score" AND "Vitamin D" OR 25(HO)D OR "25-hydroxyvitamin D". Results: Eleven eligible studies were included in this study. Three studies reported a significant association between vD-GRS and metabolic parameters, including body fat percentage, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose. Moreover, colorectal cancer overall mortality and the risk of developing arterial fibrillation were also found to be associated with genetically deprived vitamin D levels. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the genetic contribution of low-vitamin-D-risk single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) as an accumulative factor associated with different non-communicable diseases/markers, including cancer mortality and the risk of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases such as arterial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Almaghrbi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.); (M.A.-S.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Mashael Al-Shafai
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.); (M.A.-S.); (M.A.-A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.); (M.A.-S.); (M.A.-A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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de Almeida JC, Paiva NS, Gibson G, Bastos LS, Medronho RDA, Bloch KV. Registration with Primary Health Care and COVID-19 mortality: cohort of diabetics from five administrative health regions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2020-2021. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2023; 26:e230039. [PMID: 37729346 PMCID: PMC10548836 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230039.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study carried out an analysis of survival according to the status of registration with Primary Health Care (PHC) and of factors associated with death from COVID-19, in cases residing in Programmatic Area 3.1 (PA3.1) with a diagnosis of diabetes (in the notification form or in the electronic medical record), of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, in 2020-2021. METHODS A probabilistic linkage of databases was performed based on information on cases notified as COVID-19 and data from the electronic medical records of people living with diabetes. A survival analysis was carried out, using the Cox regression model stratified by age group and adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Individuals registered with the PHC of PA3.1 had almost twice the risk of death from COVID-19 (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj]=1.91) when compared to those unregistered. This association was stronger in individuals aged 18 to 59 years registered with the PHC (HRadj=2.82) than in individuals aged 60 years or over (HRadj=1.56). CONCLUSION Surveillance strategies for identifying and adequately monitoring higher-risk groups, among individuals living with diabetes, within the scope of Primary Health Care, can contribute to reducing mortality from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Chagas de Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em
Saúde Coletiva – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Natalia Santana Paiva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em
Saúde Coletiva – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Gerusa Gibson
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em
Saúde Coletiva – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | | | - Roberto de Andrade Medronho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em
Saúde Coletiva – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Katia Vergetti Bloch
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em
Saúde Coletiva – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
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Ganie MA, Chowdhury S, Suri V, Joshi B, Bhattacharya PK, Agrawal S, Malhotra N, Sahay R, Jabbar PK, Rozati R, Wani IA, Shukla A, Arora T, Rashid H. Prevalence, Regional Variations, and Predictors of Overweight, Obesity, and Hypertension Among Healthy Reproductive-Age Indian Women: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Task Force Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43199. [PMID: 37672315 PMCID: PMC10512112 DOI: 10.2196/43199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A clear understanding of the anthropometric and sociodemographic risk factors related to BMI and hypertension categories is essential for more effective disease prevention, particularly in India. There is a paucity of nationally representative data on the dynamics of these risk factors, which have not been assessed among healthy reproductive-age Indian women. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) task force study aimed to assess the anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics of healthy reproductive-age Indian women and explore the association of these characteristics with various noncommunicable diseases. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey from 2018 to 2022 as part of the Indian Council of Medical Research-PCOS National Task Force study, with the primary aim of estimating the national prevalence of PCOS and regional phenotypic variations among women with PCOS. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted, and 7107 healthy women (aged 18-40 years) from 6 representative geographical zones of India were included in the study. The anthropometric indices and sociodemographic characteristics of these women were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between exposure and outcome variables. RESULTS Of the 7107 study participants, 3585 (50.44%) were from rural areas and 3522 (49.56%) were from urban areas. The prevalence of obesity increased from 8.1% using World Health Organization criteria to 40% using the revised consensus guidelines for Asian Indian populations. Women from urban areas showed higher proportions of overweight (524/1908, 27.46%), obesity (775/1908, 40.62%), and prehypertension (1008/1908, 52.83%) categories. A rising trend of obesity was observed with an increase in age. Women aged 18 to 23 years were healthy (314/724, 43.4%) and overweight (140/724, 19.3%) compared with women aged 36 to 40 years with obesity (448/911, 49.2%) and overweight (216/911, 23.7%). The proportion of obesity was high among South Indian women, with 49.53% (531/1072) and 66.14% (709/1072), using both World Health Organization criteria and the revised Indian guidelines for BMI, respectively. BMI with waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio had a statistically significant linear relationship (r=0.417; P<.001 and r=0.422; P<.001, respectively). However, the magnitude, or strength, of the association was relatively weak (0.3<|r|<0.5). Statistical analysis showed that the strongest predictors of being overweight or obese were older age, level of education, wealth quintile, and area of residence. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics are useful predictors of overweight- and obesity-related syndromes, including prehypertension, among healthy Indian women. Increased attention to the health of Indian women from public health experts and policy makers is warranted. The findings of this study can be leveraged to offer valuable insights, informing health decision-making and targeted interventions that mitigate risk factors of overweight, obesity, and hypertension. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/23437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Ganie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vanita Suri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Beena Joshi
- Department of Operational Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya
- Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sarita Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Chatisgarh, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Roya Rozati
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maternal Health & Research Trust, Hyderabad, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Amlin Shukla
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
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Hetz K, Weerasinghe N, Rippin H, Wickramasinghe K, Zhiteneva O, Usman MA, Politis C, Galea G. The Development and Potential of a Digital out of Home Food Environment Monitoring Platform. Nutrients 2023; 15:3887. [PMID: 37764671 PMCID: PMC10536807 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing field of digital meal delivery platforms has transformed the out of home (OOH) food environment, presenting both opportunities and challenges for public health. This paper introduces the development and potential of a novel digital platform designed for monitoring the OOH food environment. Drawing on publicly available data from meal delivery applications, this platform provides valuable insights into the landscape of digital food offerings, such as the most common restaurants per region, average caloric content per meal type, and energy value per monetary unit. This research addresses the current void in regulations for this digital environment, particularly around food labeling and provision of nutrition information. Even though the platform has significantly improved our understanding of the digital food ecosystem, it highlights gaps, primarily due to the lack of publicly available individual data and inconsistencies in provided information. Despite these challenges, the proposed digital platform holds considerable promise for better understanding the digital food environment, supporting healthier food choices, and informing future policy interventions aimed at regulating the online food environment. This research advocates for mandatory regulations in the digital food sector to ensure comprehensive, comparable, and transparent nutrition information and equality in access to nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hetz
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nuwan Weerasinghe
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Holly Rippin
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Zhiteneva
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Arslan Usman
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Christos Politis
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Gauden Galea
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Special Initiative on NCDs and Innovation, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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