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Pomerleau M, Charron-Lamoureux V, Léonard L, Grenier F, Rodrigue S, Beauregard PB. Adaptive laboratory evolution reveals regulators involved in repressing biofilm development as key players in Bacillus subtilis root colonization. mSystems 2024; 9:e0084323. [PMID: 38206029 PMCID: PMC10878085 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00843-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Root-associated microorganisms play an important role in plant health, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Although bacterial consortia including these two genera would represent a promising avenue to efficient biofertilizer formulation, we observed that Bacillus subtilis root colonization is decreased by the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas protegens. To determine if B. subtilis can adapt to the inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas on roots, we conducted adaptative laboratory evolution experiments with B. subtilis in mono-association or co-cultured with P. fluorescens on tomato plant roots. Evolved isolates with various colony morphology and stronger colonization capacity of both tomato plant and Arabidopsis thaliana roots emerged rapidly from the two evolution experiments. Certain evolved isolates also had better fitness on the root in the presence of other Pseudomonas species. In all independent lineages, whole-genome resequencing revealed non-synonymous mutations in genes ywcC or sinR encoding regulators involved in repressing biofilm development, suggesting their involvement in enhanced root colonization. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying B. subtilis adaptation to root colonization and highlight the potential of directed evolution to enhance the beneficial traits of PGPR.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we aimed to enhance the abilities of the plant-beneficial bacterium Bacillus subtilis to colonize plant roots in the presence of competing Pseudomonas bacteria. To achieve this, we conducted adaptive laboratory experiments, allowing Bacillus to evolve in a defined environment. We successfully obtained strains of Bacillus that were more effective at colonizing plant roots than the ancestor strain. To identify the genetic changes driving this improvement, we sequenced the genomes of these evolved strains. Interestingly, mutations that facilitated the formation of robust biofilms on roots were predominant. Many of these evolved Bacillus isolates also displayed the remarkable ability to outcompete Pseudomonas species. Our research sheds light on the mutational paths selected in Bacillus subtilis to thrive in root environments and offers exciting prospects for improving beneficial traits in plant growth-promoting microorganisms. Ultimately, this could pave the way for the development of more effective biofertilizers and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Pomerleau
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lucille Léonard
- Département de Génie Biologique, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Frédéric Grenier
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Rodrigue
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale B. Beauregard
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Quiroga S, Rosado-Porto D, Ratering S, Rekowski A, Schulz F, Krutych M, Zörb C, Schnell S. Long-term detection of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on winter wheat and spring barley roots under field conditions revealed positive correlations on yield parameters with the bacterium abundance. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae023. [PMID: 38366928 PMCID: PMC10939331 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of bioinoculants once released into the field remains largely unexplored; thus, more information is required about their survival and interactions after root colonization. Therefore, specific primers were used to perform a long-term tracking to elucidate the effect of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on wheat and barley production at two experimental organic agriculture field stations. Three factors were evaluated: organic fertilizer application (with and without), row spacing (15 and 50 cm), and bacterial inoculation (H. diazotrophicus and control without bacteria). Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the roots (up to 5 × 105 copies g-1 dry weight) until advanced developmental stages under field conditions during two seasons, and mostly in one farm. Correlation analysis showed a significant effect of H. diazotrophicus copy numbers on the yield parameters straw yield (increase of 453 kg ha-1 in wheat compared to the mean) and crude grain protein concentration (increase of 0.30% in wheat and 0.80% in barley compared to the mean). Our findings showed an apparently constant presence of H. diazotrophicus on both wheat and barley roots until 273 and 119 days after seeding, respectively, and its addition and concentration in the roots are associated with higher yields in one crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Quiroga
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - David Rosado-Porto
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simón Bolívar University, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Stefan Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Azin Rekowski
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, 340e, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Schulz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marina Krutych
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, 340e, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Chen L, Liu Y. The Function of Root Exudates in the Root Colonization by Beneficial Soil Rhizobacteria. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:95. [PMID: 38392313 PMCID: PMC10886372 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Soil-beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere play important roles in improving plant growth and health. Root exudates play key roles in plant-microbe interactions and rhizobacterial colonization. This review describes the factors influencing the dynamic interactions between root exudates and the soil microbiome in the rhizosphere, including plant genotype, plant development, and environmental abiotic and biotic factors. We also discuss the roles of specific metabolic mechanisms, regulators, and signals of beneficial soil bacteria in terms of colonization ability. We highlight the latest research progress on the roles of root exudates in regulating beneficial rhizobacterial colonization. Organic acids, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, volatiles, and other secondary metabolites are discussed in detail. Finally, we propose future research objectives that will help us better understand the role of root exudates in root colonization by rhizobacteria and promote the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- National Permanent Scientific Research Base for Warm Temperate Zone Forestry of Jiulong Mountain, Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Chen L, Xun W, Shu X, Chen Y, Sun X, Wang Z, Ren Y, Shen Q, Zhang R. Root colonization by beneficial rhizobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuad066. [PMID: 38093453 PMCID: PMC10786197 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbes play critical roles for plant's growth and health. Among them, the beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to be developed as the biofertilizer or bioinoculants for sustaining the agricultural development. The efficient rhizosphere colonization of these rhizobacteria is a prerequisite for exerting their plant beneficial functions, but the colonizing process and underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly reviewed, especially for the nonsymbiotic beneficial rhizobacteria. This review systematically analyzed the root colonizing process of the nonsymbiotic rhizobacteria and compared it with that of the symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. This review also highlighted the approaches to improve the root colonization efficiency and proposed to study the rhizobacterial colonization from a holistic perspective of the rhizosphere microbiome under more natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1 Shuizha West Road, Beijing 102300, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Xun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xia Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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Parnell JJ, Vintila S, Tang C, Wagner MR, Kleiner M. Evaluation of ready-to-use freezer stocks of a synthetic microbial community for maize root colonization. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0240123. [PMID: 38084978 PMCID: PMC10783020 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02401-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Synthetic communities (SynComs) are an invaluable tool to characterize and model plant-microbe interactions. Multimember SynComs approximate intricate real-world interactions between plants and their microbiome, but the complexity and time required for their construction increase enormously for each additional member added to the SynCom. Therefore, researchers who study a diversity of microbiomes using SynComs are looking for ways to simplify the use of SynComs. In this manuscript, we evaluate the feasibility of creating ready-to-use freezer stocks of a well-studied seven-member SynCom for maize roots. The frozen ready-to-use SynCom stocks work according to the principle of "just add buffer and apply to sterilized seeds or seedlings" and thus can save time applied in multiple days of laborious growing and combining of multiple microorganisms. We show that ready-to-use SynCom stocks provide comparable results to those of freshly constructed SynComs and thus allow for significant time savings when working with SynComs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jacob Parnell
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simina Vintila
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clara Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maggie R. Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey & Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Han SE, Cho JY, Kim KY, Maung CEH. Role of an antagonistic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis PE7, in growth promotion of netted melon ( Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.). Can J Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37917977 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the plant growth-promoting effect of Bacillus subtilis PE7 on growth of melon plants. B. subtilis PE7 isolated from kimchi was identified based on colonial and microscopic morphology along with analyses of 16S rRNA and pycA gene sequences. Strain PE7 showed different levels of inhibition on phytopathogens and was able to grow at variable temperatures and pH values. Strain PE7 had the ability to produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, exopolysaccharides, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, as well as solubilize insoluble phosphate and zinc. The IAA secretion of strain PE7 showed a concentration-dependent pattern based on the concentration of l-tryptophan supplemented in the fertilizer-based culture medium. The LC-MS analysis indicates the presence of IAA in the culture filtrate of strain PE7. Treatment of the B. subtilis PE7 culture containing different metabolites, mainly IAA, significantly promoted melon growth in terms of higher growth parameters and greater plant nutrient contents compared to treatments with the culture without IAA, fertilizer, and water. The cells of B. subtilis PE7 attached to and firmly colonized the roots of the bacterized melon plants. Based on our results, B. subtilis PE7 can be utilized as a potential microbial fertilizer to substitute chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Han
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaw Ei Htwe Maung
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Piña-Torres IH, Dávila-Berumen F, González-Hernández GA, Torres-Guzmán JC, Padilla-Guerrero IE. Hyphal Growth and Conidia Germination Are Induced by Phytohormones in the Root Colonizing and Plant Growth Promoting Fungus Metarhizium guizhouense. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:945. [PMID: 37755053 PMCID: PMC10532501 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial associations are very important for plants and soil-dwelling microorganisms in different ecological niches, where communication by chemical signals is relevant. Among the chemical signals, the release of phytohormones by plants is important to establish beneficial associations with fungi, and a recently described association is that of the entomopathogenic ascomycete fungus Metarhizium with plants. Here, we evaluated the effect of four different phytohormones, synthetic strigolactone (GR24), sorgolactone (SorL), 3-indolacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3), on the fungus Metarhizium guizhouense strain HA11-2, where the germination rate and hyphal elongation were determined at three different times. All phytohormones had a positive effect on germination, with GA3 showing the greatest effect, and for hyphal length, on average, the group treated with synthetic strigolactone GR24 showed greater average hyphal length at 10 h of induction. This work expands the knowledge of the effect of phytohormones on the fungus M. guizhouense, as possible chemical signals for the rapid establishment of the fungus-plant association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Israel Enrique Padilla-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico; (I.H.P.-T.); (F.D.-B.); (G.A.G.-H.); (J.C.T.-G.)
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8
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O'Banion BS, Jones P, Demetros AA, Kelley BR, Knoor LH, Wagner AS, Chen JG, Muchero W, Reynolds TB, Jacobson D, Lebeis SL. Plant myo-inositol transport influences bacterial colonization phenotypes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3111-3124.e5. [PMID: 37419115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes are assembled and modified through a complex milieu of biotic and abiotic factors. Despite dynamic and fluctuating contributing variables, specific host metabolites are consistently identified as important mediators of microbial interactions. We combine information from a large-scale metatranscriptomic dataset from natural poplar trees and experimental genetic manipulation assays in seedlings of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to converge on a conserved role for transport of the plant metabolite myo-inositol in mediating host-microbe interactions. While microbial catabolism of this compound has been linked to increased host colonization, we identify bacterial phenotypes that occur in both catabolism-dependent and -independent manners, suggesting that myo-inositol may additionally serve as a eukaryotic-derived signaling molecule to modulate microbial activities. Our data suggest host control of this compound and resulting microbial behavior are important mechanisms at play surrounding the host metabolite myo-inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S O'Banion
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Piet Jones
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Alexander A Demetros
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Brittni R Kelley
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leah H Knoor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew S Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Todd B Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Sarah L Lebeis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 38824, USA.
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Pajuelo E, Flores-Duarte NJ, Navarro-Torre S, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Mateos-Naranjo E, Redondo-Gómez S, Carrasco López JA. Culturomics and Circular Agronomy: Two Sides of the Same Coin for the Design of a Tailored Biofertilizer for the Semi-Halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2545. [PMID: 37447105 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the EU, the global consumption of biomass, fossil fuels, metals, and minerals is expected to double by 2050, while waste will increase by 70%. In this context, the Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP) intends to integrate development and sustainability. In this regard, tailored biofertilizers based on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can improve plant yield with fewer inputs. In our project, an autochthonous halophyte of the Andalusian marshes, namely Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, was selected for its interest as a source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. The aim of this work was to use a culturomics approach for the isolation of specific PGPB and endophytes able to promote plant growth and, eventually, modulate the metabolome of the plant. For this purpose, a specific culture medium based on M. crystallinum biomass, called Mesem Agar (MA), was elaborated. Bacteria of three compartments (rhizosphere soil, root endophytes, and shoot endophytes) were isolated on standard tryptone soy agar (TSA) and MA in order to obtain two independent collections. A higher number of bacteria were isolated on TSA than in MA (47 vs. 37). All the bacteria were identified, and although some of them were isolated in both media (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Priestia, Rosellomorea, etc.), either medium allowed the isolation of specific members of the M. crystallinum microbiome such as Leclercia, Curtobacterium, Pantoea, Lysinibacillus, Mesobacillus, Glutamicibacter, etc. Plant growth-promoting properties and extracellular degrading activities of all the strains were determined, and distinct patterns were found in both media. The three best bacteria of each collection were selected in order to produce two different consortia, whose effects on seed germination, root colonization, plant growth and physiology, and metabolomics were analyzed. Additionally, the results of the plant metabolome revealed a differential accumulation of several primary and secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical properties. Overall, the results demonstrated the feasibility of using "low cost media" based on plant biomass to carry out a culturomics approach in order to isolate the most suitable bacteria for biofertilizers. In this way, a circular model is established in which bacteria help plants to grow, and, in turn, a medium based on plant wastes supports bacterial growth at low prices, which is the reason why this approach can be considered within the model of "circular agronomy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noris J Flores-Duarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvadora Navarro-Torre
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio D Rodríguez-Llorente
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n., 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n., 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Carrasco López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Robic K, Munier E, Effantin G, Lachat J, Naquin D, Gueguen E, Faure D. Dissimilar gene repertoires of Dickeya solani involved in the colonization of lesions and roots of Solanum tuberosum. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1154110. [PMID: 37223796 PMCID: PMC10202176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dickeya and Pectobacterium species are necrotrophic pathogens that macerate stems (blackleg disease) and tubers (soft rot disease) of Solanum tuberosum. They proliferate by exploiting plant cell remains. They also colonize roots, even if no symptoms are observed. The genes involved in pre-symptomatic root colonization are poorly understood. Here, transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) analysis of Dickeya solani living in macerated tissues revealed 126 genes important for competitive colonization of tuber lesions and 207 for stem lesions, including 96 genes common to both conditions. Common genes included acr genes involved in the detoxification of plant defense phytoalexins and kduD, kduI, eda (=kdgA), gudD, garK, garL, and garR genes involved in the assimilation of pectin and galactarate. In root colonization, Tn-seq highlighted 83 genes, all different from those in stem and tuber lesion conditions. They encode the exploitation of organic and mineral nutrients (dpp, ddp, dctA, and pst) including glucuronate (kdgK and yeiQ) and synthesis of metabolites: cellulose (celY and bcs), aryl polyene (ape), and oocydin (ooc). We constructed in-frame deletion mutants of bcsA, ddpA, apeH, and pstA genes. All mutants were virulent in stem infection assays, but they were impaired in the competitive colonization of roots. In addition, the ΔpstA mutant was impaired in its capacity to colonize progeny tubers. Overall, this work distinguished two metabolic networks supporting either an oligotrophic lifestyle on roots or a copiotrophic lifestyle in lesions. This work revealed novel traits and pathways important for understanding how the D. solani pathogen efficiently survives on roots, persists in the environment, and colonizes progeny tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Robic
- French Federation of Seed Potato Growers (FN3PT/inov3PT), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Euphrasie Munier
- French Federation of Seed Potato Growers (FN3PT/inov3PT), Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Effantin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, UMR5240 MAP, Lyon, France
| | - Joy Lachat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Naquin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, UMR5240 MAP, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Faure
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Agostini RB, Ariel F, Rius SP, Vargas WA, Campos-Bermudez VA. Trichoderma root colonization in maize triggers epigenetic changes in genes related to the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways that prime defenses against Colletotrichum graminicola leaf infection. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2016-2028. [PMID: 36575905 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial interactions between plant roots and Trichoderma species lead to both local and systemic enhancements of the plant immune system through a mechanism known as priming of defenses. Previously, we have reported a number of genes and proteins that are differentially regulated in distant tissues of maize plants following inoculation with Trichoderma atroviride. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the systemic activation of plant responses, here we have further evaluated the regulatory aspects of a selected group of genes when priming is triggered in maize plants. Time-course experiments from the beginning of the interaction between T. atroviride and maize roots followed by leaf infection with Colletotrichum graminicola allowed us to identify a gene set regulated by priming in the leaf tissue. In the same experiment, phytohormone measurements revealed a decrease in jasmonic acid concentration while salicylic acid increased at 2 d and 6 d post-inoculation. In addition, chromatin structure and modification assays showed that chromatin was more open in the primed state compared with unprimed control conditions, and this allowed for quicker gene activation in response to pathogen attack. Overall, the results allowed us to gain insights on the interplay between the phytohormones and epigenetic regulatory events in the systemic and long-lasting regulation of maize plant defenses following Trichoderma inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina B Agostini
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián P Rius
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Walter A Vargas
- YPF-Tecnología Av. del Petróleo Arg. S/N, 1923 Berisso, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Campos-Bermudez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario Santa Fe, Argentina
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12
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Patel JS, Selvaraj V, More P, Bahmani R, Borza T, Prithiviraj B. A Plant Biostimulant from Ascophyllum nodosum Potentiates Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Protection Activity of Pseudomonas protegens CHA0. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1208. [PMID: 36986897 PMCID: PMC10053968 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including salinity stress, affect numerous crops, causing yield reduction, and, as a result, important economic losses. Extracts from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE), and compounds secreted by the Pseudomonas protegens strain, CHA0, can mitigate these effects by inducing tolerance against salt stress. However, the influence of ANE on P. protegens CHA0 secretion, and the combined effects of these two biostimulants on plant growth, are not known. Fucoidan, alginate, and mannitol are abundant components of brown algae and of ANE. Reported here are the effects of a commercial formulation of ANE, fucoidan, alginate, and mannitol, on pea (Pisum sativum), and on the plant growth-promoting activity of P. protegens CHA0. In most situations, ANE and fucoidan increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production by P. protegens CHA0. Colonization of pea roots by P. protegens CHA0 was found to be increased mostly by ANE and fucoidan in normal conditions and under salt stress. Applications of P. protegens CHA0 combined with ANE, or with fucoidan, alginate, and mannitol, generally augmented root and shoot growth in normal and salinity stress conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses of P. protegens revealed that, in many instances, ANE and fucoidan enhanced the expression of several genes involved in chemotaxis (cheW and WspR), pyoverdine production (pvdS), and HCN production (hcnA), but gene expression patterns overlapped only occasionally those of growth-promoting parameters. Overall, the increased colonization and the enhanced activities of P. protegens CHA0 in the presence of ANE and its components mitigated salinity stress in pea. Among treatments, ANE and fucoidan were found responsible for most of the increased activities of P. protegens CHA0 and the improved plant growth.
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13
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Dar A, Were E, Hilger T, Zahir ZA, Ahmad M, Hussain A, Rasche F. Bacterial secondary metabolites: possible mechanism for weed suppression in wheat. Can J Microbiol 2023; 69:103-116. [PMID: 36379032 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical weed control is an effective method, but has proved hazardous for humans, environment, and soil biodiversity. Use of allelopathic bacteria may be more efficient and sustainable weed control measure. The bacterial inoculants have never been studied in context of their interaction with weed root exudates and precursor-dependent production of the natural phytotoxins (cyanide, cytolytic enzymes and auxin) by these strains to understand their weed suppression and wheat growth promotion abilities. Therefore, root exudates of Avena fatua, Phalaris minor, Rumex dentatus, and wheat were quantified and their role in microbial root colonization and secondary metabolite production, i.e., cyanide, cytolytic enzymes, phenolics, and elevated auxin concentration, was studied. The results depicted l-tryptophan and glycine as major contributors of elevated cyanide and elevated levels in weed rhizosphere by the studied Pseudomonas strains, through their higher root colonization ability in weeds as compared with wheat. Furthermore, the higher root colonization also enhanced p-coumaric acid (photosynthesis inhibitor by impairing cytochrome c oxidase activity in plants) and cytolytic enzyme (root cell wall degradation) concentration in weed rhizosphere. In conclusion, the differential root colonization of wheat and weeds by these strains is responsible for enhancing weed suppression (enhancing phytotoxic effect) and wheat growth promotion (lowering phytotoxic effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Evans Were
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Hilger
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab 38040, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Germany
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14
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Guo DJ, Singh P, Yang B, Singh RK, Verma KK, Sharma A, Khan Q, Qin Y, Chen TS, Song XP, Zhang BQ, Li DP, Li YR. Complete genome analysis of sugarcane root associated endophytic diazotroph Pseudomonas aeruginosa DJ06 revealing versatile molecular mechanism involved in sugarcane development. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1096754. [PMID: 37152763 PMCID: PMC10157262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1096754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is an important sugar and bioenergy source and a significant component of the economy in various countries in arid and semiarid. It requires more synthetic fertilizers and fungicides during growth and development. However, the excess use of synthetic fertilizers and fungicides causes environmental pollution and affects cane quality and productivity. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) indirectly or directly promote plant growth in various ways. In this study, 22 PGPB strains were isolated from the roots of the sugarcane variety GT42. After screening of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, it was found that the DJ06 strain had the most potent PGP activity, which was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeling technology confirmed that the DJ06 strain successfully colonized sugarcane tissues. The complete genome sequencing of the DJ06 strain was performed using Nanopore and Illumina sequencing platforms. The results showed that the DJ06 strain genome size was 64,90,034 bp with a G+C content of 66.34%, including 5,912 protein-coding genes (CDSs) and 12 rRNA genes. A series of genes related to plant growth promotion was observed, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia assimilation, siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, auxin biosynthesis, phosphate metabolism, hydrolase, biocontrol, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of the DJ06 strain was also evaluated by inoculation in two sugarcane varieties GT11 and B8. The length of the plant was increased significantly by 32.43 and 12.66% and fresh weight by 89.87 and 135.71% in sugarcane GT11 and B8 at 60 days after inoculation. The photosynthetic leaf gas exchange also increased significantly compared with the control plants. The content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was enhanced and gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were reduced in response to inoculation of the DJ06 strain as compared with control in two sugarcane varieties. The enzymatic activities of oxidative, nitrogen metabolism, and hydrolases were also changed dramatically in both sugarcane varieties with inoculation of the DJ06 strain. These findings provide better insights into the interactive action mechanisms of the P. aeruginosa DJ06 strain and sugarcane plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jun Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qaisar Khan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Qin
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Su Chen
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Dong-Ping Li
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Rui Li
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15
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Villar-Moreno R, Tienda S, Gutiérrez-Barranquero JA, Carrión VJ, de Vicente A, Cazorla FM, Arrebola E. Interplay between rhizospheric Pseudomonas chlororaphis strains lays the basis for beneficial bacterial consortia. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1063182. [PMID: 36589057 PMCID: PMC9797978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1063182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Pc) representatives are found as part of the rhizosphere-associated microbiome, and different rhizospheric Pc strains frequently perform beneficial activities for the plant. In this study we described the interactions between the rhizospheric Pc strains PCL1601, PCL1606 and PCL1607 with a focus on their effects on root performance. Differences among the three rhizospheric Pc strains selected were first observed in phylogenetic studies and confirmed by genome analysis, which showed variation in the presence of genes related to antifungal compounds or siderophore production, among others. Observation of the interactions among these strains under lab conditions revealed that PCL1606 has a better adaptation to environments rich in nutrients, and forms biofilms. Interaction experiments on plant roots confirmed the role of the different phenotypes in their lifestyle. The PCL1606 strain was the best adapted to the habitat of avocado roots, and PCL1607 was the least, and disappeared from the plant root scenario after a few days of interaction. These results confirm that 2 out 3 rhizospheric Pc strains were fully compatible (PCL1601 and PCL1606), efficiently colonizing avocado roots and showing biocontrol activity against the fungal pathogen Rosellinia necatrix. The third strain (PCL1607) has colonizing abilities when it is alone on the root but displayed difficulties under the competition scenario, and did not cause deleterious effects on the other Pc competitors when they were present. These results suggest that strains PCL1601 and PCL1606 are very well adapted to the avocado root environment and could constitute a basis for constructing a more complex beneficial microbial synthetic community associated with avocado plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Villar-Moreno
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Tienda
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose A. Gutiérrez-Barranquero
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor J. Carrión
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Cazorla
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Arrebola
- Mango and Avocado Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Protection, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
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16
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Yurgel SN, Ajeethan N, Smertenko A. Response of Plant-Associated Microbiome to Plant Root Colonization by Exogenous Bacterial Endophyte in Perennial Crops. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863946. [PMID: 35479645 PMCID: PMC9037143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of bacterial inoculums for improving plant growth and production is an important component of sustainable agriculture. However, the efficiency of perennial crop inoculums depends on the ability of the introduced endophytes to exert an impact on the host-plant over an extended period of time. This impact might be evaluated by the response of plant-associated microbiome to the inoculation. In this study, we monitored the effect of a single bacterial strain inoculation on the diversity, structure, and cooperation in plant-associated microbiome over 1-year period. An endophyte (RF67) isolated from Vaccinium angustifolium (wild blueberry) roots and annotated as Rhizobium was used for the inoculation of 1-year-old Lonicera caerulea (Haskap) plants. A significant level of bacterial community perturbation was detected in plant roots after 3 months post-inoculation. About 23% of root-associated community variation was correlated with an application of the inoculant, which was accompanied by increased cooperation between taxa belonging to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota phyla and decreased cooperation between Firmicutes in plant roots. Additionally, a decrease in bacterial Shannon diversity and an increase in the relative abundances of Rhizobiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were detected in the roots of inoculated plants relative to the non-inoculated control. A strong effect of the inoculation on the bacterial cooperation was also detected after 1 year of plant field growth, whereas no differences in bacterial community composition and also alpha and beta diversities were detected between bacterial communities from inoculated and non-inoculated roots. These findings suggest that while exogenous endophytes might have a short-term effect on the root microbiome structure and composition, they can boost cooperation between plant-growth-promoting endophytes, which can exist for the extended period of time providing the host-plant with long-lasting beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Yurgel
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Nivethika Ajeethan
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Jaffna, Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Duarte AG, Maherali H. A meta-analysis of the effects of climate change on the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8518. [PMID: 35127032 PMCID: PMC8796888 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and other anthropogenic activities have the potential to alter the dynamics of resource exchange in the mutualistic symbiosis between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, potentially altering its stability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which interact with most plant species, are less cold-tolerant than other groups of fungi; warming might therefore lead to increased fungal-mediated nutrient transfers to plants, which could strengthen the mutualism. By stimulating photosynthesis, rising CO2 could reduce the carbon cost of supporting AM fungi, which may also strengthen the mutualism. Furthermore, rising temperature and CO2 could have stronger effects on the mutualism in wild plants than in domesticated plants because the process of domestication can reduce the dependence of plants on mycorrhizal fungi. We conducted a multi-level random effects meta-analysis of experiments that quantified the strength of the mutualism as plant growth response to AM fungal inoculation (i.e., mycorrhizal growth response) under contrasting temperature and CO2 treatments that spanned the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to those expected with future climate change. We tested predictions using a three-level mixed effects meta-regression model with temperature or CO2, domestication status and their interaction as moderators. Increases from subambient to ambient temperature stimulated mycorrhizal growth response only for wild, but not for domesticated plant species. An increase from ambient to superambient temperature stimulated mycorrhizal growth response in both wild and domesticated plants, but the overall temperature effect was not statistically significant. By contrast, increased CO2 concentration, either from subambient to ambient or ambient to super ambient levels, did not affect mycorrhizal growth response in wild or domesticated plants. These results suggest the mutualism between wild plants and AM fungi was likely strengthened as temperature rose from the past to the present and that forecasted warming due to climate change may have modest positive effects on the mutualistic responses of plants to AM fungi. Mutualistic benefits obtained by plants from AM fungi may not have been altered by atmospheric CO2 increases from the past to the present, nor are they likely to be affected by a forecasted CO2 increase. This meta-analysis also identified gaps in the literature. In particular, (i) a large majority of studies that examined temperature effects on the mutualism focus on domesticated species (>80% of all trials) and (ii) very few studies examine how rising temperature and CO2, or other anthropogenic effects, interact to influence the mutualism. Therefore, to predict the stability of the mycorrhizal mutualism in the Anthropocene, future work should prioritize wild plant species as study subjects and focus on identifying how climate change factors and other human activities interact to affect plant responses to AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
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18
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Wallner A, Moulin L, Busset N, Rimbault I, Béna G. Genetic Diversity of Type 3 Secretion System in Burkholderia s.l. and Links With Plant Host Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761215. [PMID: 34745070 PMCID: PMC8565462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia sensu lato species are prominent for their diversity of hosts. The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is a major mechanism impacting the interactions between bacteria and eukaryotic hosts. Besides the human pathogenic species Burkholderia pseudomallei and closely affiliated species, the T3SS has received little attention in this genus as in taxonomically and evolutionary close genera Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, Trinickia, and Mycetohabitans. We proceeded to identify and characterize the diversity of T3SS types using the genomic data from a subset of 145 strains representative of the species diversity found in the Burkholderia s.l. group. Through an analysis of their phylogenetic distribution, we identified two new T3SS types with an atypical chromosomal organization and which we propose to name BCI (Burkholderia cepacia complex Injectisome) and PSI (Paraburkholderia Short Injectisome). BCI is the dominant T3SS type found in Burkholderia sensu stricto (s.s.) species and PSI is mostly restricted to the Paraburkholderia genus. By correlating their distribution with the ecology of their strains of origin, we propose a role in plant interaction for these T3SS types. Experimentally, we demonstrated that a BCI deficient B. vietnamiensis LMG10929 mutant was strongly affected in its rice colonization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wallner
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Moulin
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Busset
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Rimbault
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Béna
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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19
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Laloum Y, Gangneux C, Gügi B, Lanoue A, Munsch T, Blum A, Gauthier A, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I, Boulogne I, Vicré M, Driouich A, Laval K, Follet-Gueye ML. Faba bean root exudates alter pea root colonization by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches at early stages of infection. Plant Sci 2021; 312:111032. [PMID: 34620436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes the pea root rot. We investigated the potential role of early belowground defense in pea (susceptible plant) and faba bean (tolerant plant) at three days after inoculation. Pea and faba bean were inoculated with A. euteiches zoospores. Root colonization was examined. Root exudates from pea and faba bean were harvested and their impact on A. euteiches development were assessed by using in vitro assays. A. euteiches root colonization and the influence of the oomycete inoculation on specialized metabolites patterns and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) concentration of root exudates were also determined. In faba bean root, A. euteiches colonization was very low as compared with that of pea. Whereas infected pea root exudates have a positive chemotaxis index (CI) on zoospores, faba bean exudate CI was negative suggesting a repellent effect. While furanoacetylenic compounds were only detected in faba bean exudates, AGP concentration was specifically increased in pea.This work showed that early in the course of infection, host susceptibility to A. euteiches is involved via a plant-species specific root exudation opening new perspectives in pea root rot disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Laloum
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Gangneux
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Blum
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Karine Laval
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
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20
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Baetsen-Young AM, Araldi Da Silva G, Kandel YR, Jacobs JL, Byrne AM, Mueller DS, Smith DL, Tenuta AU, Wise KA, Day B, Chilvers MI. Influence of Fusarium virguliforme Temporal Colonization of Corn, Tillage, and Residue Management on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Soybean Yield. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3250-3260. [PMID: 33406860 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-1964-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymptomatic host range of Fusarium virguliforme includes corn, a common crop rotated with soybean that we hypothesize may alter F. virguliforme population dynamics and disease management. A field-based approach explored the temporal dynamics of F. virguliforme colonization of corn and soybean roots under different tillage and residue managements. Experiments were conducted in Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, United States and Ontario, Canada from 2016 to 2018. Corn and soybean roots were sampled at consecutive timepoints between 1 and 16 weeks after planting. DNA was extracted from all roots and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR for F. virguliforme quantification. Trials were rotated between corn and soybean, containing a two-by-two factorial of tillage (no-tilled or tilled) and corn residue (with or without) in several experimental designs. In 2016, low amounts (approximately 100 fg per 10 mg of root tissue) of F. virguliforme were detected in the inoculated Iowa, Indiana, and Michigan locations and noninoculated Wisconsin corn fields. However, in 2017, greater levels of F. virguliforme DNA were detected in Iowa, Indiana, and Michigan across sampling timepoints. Tillage practices showed inconsistent effects on F. virguliforme root colonization and sudden death syndrome (SDS) foliar symptoms among trials and locations. However, residue management did not alter root colonization of corn or soybean by F. virguliforme. Plots with corn residue had greater SDS foliar disease index in Iowa in 2016. However, this trend was not observed across the site-years, indicating that corn residue may occasionally increase SDS foliar symptoms depending on the disease level and soil and weather factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Baetsen-Young
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | | | - Yuba R Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Adam M Byrne
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Albert U Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N0P2C0, Canada
| | - Kiersten A Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 43445, U.S.A
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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21
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Yegorenkova IV, Tregubova KV, Krasov AI, Evseeva NV, Matora LY. Effect of exopolysaccharides of Paenibacillus polymyxa rhizobacteria on physiological and morphological variables of wheat seedlings. J Microbiol 2021; 59:729-735. [PMID: 34302621 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa is a promising plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium that associates with a wide range of host plants, including agronomically important ones. Inoculation of wheat seedlings with P. polymyxa strains CCM 1465 and 92 was found to increase the mitotic index of the root cells 1.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Treatment of seedlings with the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of these strains increased the mitotic index 1.9-fold (P. polymyxa CCM 1465) and 2.8-fold (P. polymyxa 92). These increases indicate activation of cell division in the root meristems. Analysis of the morphometric variables of the seedlings showed that P. polymyxa CCM 1465, P. polymyxa 92, and their EPSs promoted wheat growth, increasing root and shoot length up to 22% and root and shoot dry weight up to 28%, as compared with the control. In addition, both strains were found to intensely colonize the seedling root surface. Thus, P. polymyxa EPSs are active metabolites that, along with whole cells, are responsible for the contact interactions of the bacteria with wheat roots and are implicated in the induction of plant responses to these interactions. The strains used in this work are of interest for further study to broaden the existing understanding of the mechanisms of plant-bacterial interactions and to develop effective biofertilizers for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Yegorenkova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation.
| | - Kristina V Tregubova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Krasov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation
| | - Nina V Evseeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Yu Matora
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, 410049, Russian Federation
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22
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Yang D, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Luo Y. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria HN6 Induced the Change and Reorganization of Fusarium Microflora in the Rhizosphere of Banana Seedlings to Construct a Healthy Banana Microflora. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685408. [PMID: 34354685 PMCID: PMC8329250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces aureoverticillatus HN6 was isolated in our previous study and effectively controlled banana Fusarium wilt. We explored the role of HN6 in constructing a healthy rhizosphere microflora of banana seedlings. The method of antibiotic resistance was used to determine the colonization ability of HN6. The effect of HN6 on the rhizosphere microbial communities was assessed using culture-dependent and high-throughput sequencing. The effect of HN6 on the infection process of the pathogen was evaluated using a pot experiment and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed that HN6 could prevent pathogen infection; it increased the nutrient content and diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, promoted plant growth, and decreased the mycotoxin fusaric acid content and abundance of pathogens in the banana rhizosphere. Thus, HN6 decreased the relative abundance of Fusarium species, increased the diversity of fungi, and increased the relative abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere. HN6 induced the change and reorganization of the microbial community dominated by Fusarium in the rhizosphere of banana seedlings, and it evolved into a community dominated that was not conducive to the occurrence of diseases, shaping the rhizosphere microflora and promoting the growth of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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23
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Nordgaard M, Mortensen RMR, Kirk NK, Gallegos‐Monterrosa R, Kovács ÁT. Deletion of Rap-Phr systems in Bacillus subtilis influences in vitro biofilm formation and plant root colonization. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1212. [PMID: 34180604 PMCID: PMC8236291 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural isolates of the soil-dwelling bacterium Bacillus subtilis form robust biofilms under laboratory conditions and colonize plant roots. B. subtilis biofilm gene expression displays phenotypic heterogeneity that is influenced by a family of Rap-Phr regulatory systems. Most Rap-Phr systems in B. subtilis have been studied independently, in different genetic backgrounds and under distinct conditions, hampering true comparison of the Rap-Phr systems' impact on bacterial cell differentiation. Here, we investigated each of the 12 Rap-Phr systems of B.subtilis NCIB 3610 for their effect on biofilm formation. By studying single ∆rap-phr mutants, we show that despite redundancy between the cell-cell communication systems, deletion of each of the 12 Rap-Phr systems influences matrix gene expression. These Rap-Phr systems therefore enable fine-tuning of the timing and level of matrix production in response to specific conditions. Furthermore, some of the ∆rap-phr mutants demonstrated altered biofilm formation in vitro and colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots, but not necessarily similarly in both processes, indicating that the pathways regulating matrix gene expression and other factors important for biofilm formation may be differently regulated under these distinct conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Nordgaard
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution GroupDTU BioengineeringTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Nikolaj Kaae Kirk
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution GroupDTU BioengineeringTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Ákos T. Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution GroupDTU BioengineeringTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
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24
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Figueiredo Dos Santos L, Fernandes Souta J, de Paula Soares C, Oliveira da Rocha L, Luiza Carvalho Santos M, Grativol C, Fernando Wurdig Roesch L, Lopes Olivares F. Insights into the structure and role of seed-borne bacteriome during maize germination. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6133469. [PMID: 33571355 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination events modulate microbial community composition, which ultimately influences seed-to-seedling growth performance. Here, we evaluate the germinated maize (variety SHS 5050) root bacterial community of disinfected seed (DS) and non-disinfected seed (NDS). Using a gnotobiotic system, sodium hypochlorite (1.25%; 30 min)-treated seeds showed a reduction of bacterial population size and an apparent increase of bacterial community diversity associated with a significant selective reduction of Burkholderia-related sequences. The shift in the bacterial community composition in DS negatively affects germination speed, seedling growth and reserve mobilization rates compared with NDS. A synthetic bacterial community (syncom) formed by 12 isolates (9 Burkholderia spp., 2 Bacillus spp., and 1 Staphylococcus sp.) obtained from natural microbiota maize seeds herein was capable of recovering germination and seedling growth when reintroduced in DS. Overall, results showed that changes in bacterial community composition and selective reduction of Burkholderia-related members' dominance interfere with germination events and the initial growth of the maize. By cultivation-dependent and -independent approaches, we deciphered seed-maize microbiome structure, bacterial niches location and bacterial taxa with relevant roles in seedling growth performance. A causal relationship between seed microbial community succession and germination performance opens opportunities in seed technologies to build-up microbial communities to boost plant growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Figueiredo Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT) & Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura (NUDIBA) da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julie Fernandes Souta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT) & Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura (NUDIBA) da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleiton de Paula Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT) & Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura (NUDIBA) da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT) & Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura (NUDIBA) da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Carvalho Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clicia Grativol
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Wurdig Roesch
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia (CIP-Biotec) da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), 97300-000 São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lopes Olivares
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT) & Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura (NUDIBA) da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Lecomte S, Nesme X, Franzino T, Villard C, Pivard M, Vial L, Doré J, Hommais F, Haichar FEZ. Agrobacterium fabrum C58 involved nitrate reductase NapA and antisense RNA NorR to denitrify. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:5989693. [PMID: 33206969 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium fabrum C58 is a plant-associated bacterium that is able to denitrify under anoxic conditions. The cluster of denitrification genes harbored by this strain has been well characterized. It includes nir and nor operons encoding nitrite and nitric oxide reductases, respectively. However, the reductase involved in nitrate reduction has not yet been studied and little information is available on denitrification regulators in A. fabrum C58. In this study, we aimed to (i) characterize the nitrate reductase, (ii) determine its role in A. fabrum C58 fitness and root colonization and (ii) reveal the contribution of small RNA on denitrification regulation. By constructing a mutant strain defective for napA, we demonstrated that the reduction of nitrate to nitrite was catalyzed by the periplasmic nitrate reductase, NapA. We evidenced a positive role of NapA in A. fabrum C58 fitness and suggested that A. fabrum C58 is able to use components exuded by plant roots to respire anaerobically. Here, we showed that NorR small RNA increased the level of norCBQ mRNA and a decrease of NorR is correlated with a decrease in N2O emission. Together, our results underscore the importance of understanding the denitrification pathway at the strain level in order to develop strategies to mitigate N2O production at the microbial community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Lecomte
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Nesme
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Théophile Franzino
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA, UMR5240 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Adaptation Pathogénie (MAP), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Camille Villard
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA, UMR5240 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Adaptation Pathogénie (MAP), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Mariane Pivard
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSERM, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Lyon, France
| | - Ludovic Vial
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Doré
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Florence Hommais
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA, UMR5240 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Adaptation Pathogénie (MAP), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Feth El Zahar Haichar
- Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA, UMR5240 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Adaptation Pathogénie (MAP), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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26
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Fracchia F, Mangeot-Peter L, Jacquot L, Martin F, Veneault-Fourrey C, Deveau A. Colonization of Naive Roots from Populus tremula × alba Involves Successive Waves of Fungi and Bacteria with Different Trophic Abilities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02541-20. [PMID: 33452025 PMCID: PMC8105020 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02541-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Through their roots, trees interact with a highly complex community of microorganisms belonging to various trophic guilds and contributing to tree nutrition, development, and protection against stresses. Tree roots select for specific microbial species from the bulk soil communities. The root microbiome formation is a dynamic process, but little is known on how the different microorganisms colonize the roots and how the selection occurs. To decipher whether the final composition of the root microbiome is the product of several waves of colonization by different guilds of microorganisms, we planted sterile rooted cuttings of gray poplar obtained from plantlets propagated in axenic conditions in natural poplar stand soil. We analyzed the root microbiome at different time points between 2 and 50 days of culture by combining high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the fungal ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer and bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons with confocal laser scanning microscopy observations. The microbial colonization of poplar roots took place in three stages, but bacteria and fungi had different dynamics. Root bacterial communities were clearly different from those in the soil after 2 days of culture. In contrast, if fungi were also already colonizing roots after 2 days, the initial communities were very close to that in the soil and were dominated by saprotrophs. They were slowly replaced by endophytes and ectomycorhizal fungi. The replacement of the most abundant fungal and bacterial community members observed in poplar roots over time suggest potential competition effect between microorganisms and/or a selection by the host.IMPORTANCE The tree root microbiome is composed of a very diverse set of bacterial and fungal communities. These microorganisms have a profound impact on tree growth, development, and protection against different types of stress. They mainly originate from the bulk soil and colonize the root system, which provides a unique nutrient-rich environment for a diverse assemblage of microbial communities. In order to better understand how the tree root microbiome is shaped over time, we observed the composition of root-associated microbial communities of naive plantlets of poplar transferred in natural soil. The composition of the final root microbiome relies on a series of colonization stages characterized by the dominance of different fungal guilds and bacterial community members over time. Our observations suggest an early stabilization of bacterial communities, whereas fungal communities are established following a more gradual pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fracchia
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
| | | | - L Jacquot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
| | - F Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | | | - A Deveau
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
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Samaras A, Nikolaidis M, Antequera-Gómez ML, Cámara-Almirón J, Romero D, Moschakis T, Amoutzias GD, Karaoglanidis GS. Whole Genome Sequencing and Root Colonization Studies Reveal Novel Insights in the Biocontrol Potential and Growth Promotion by Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 on Cucumber. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:600393. [PMID: 33510723 PMCID: PMC7837180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. MBI 600 is a gram-positive bacterium and is characterized as a PGPR strain involved in plant growth promotion and control of various plant pathogens which has recently been introduced into the agricultural practice. In this study we performed a Next Generation Sequencing analysis, to analyze the full genome of this microorganism and to characterize it taxonomically. Results showed that MBI 600 strain was phylogenetically close to other Bacillus spp. strains used as biocontrol agents and identified as B. subtilis. GOG analysis showed clusters contributed to secondary metabolites production such as fengycin and surfactin. In addition, various genes which annotated according to other plant-associated strains, showed that play a main role in nutrient availability from soil. The root colonization ability of MBI 600 strain was analyzed in vivo with a yellow fluorescence protein (yfp) tag. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of cucumber roots treated with yfp-tagged MBI 600 cells, revealed that the strain exhibits a strong colonization ability of cucumber roots, although it is affected significantly by the growth substrate of the roots. In vitro and in planta experiments with MBI 600 strain and F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis cucumerinum and P. aphanidernatum, showed a high control ability against these soilborne pathogens. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of MBI 600 in plant growth promotion and antagonism against different pathogens, highlighting the use of this microorganism as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Samaras
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Maria Luisa Antequera-Gómez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesus Cámara-Almirón
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Thomas Moschakis
- Laboratory of Dairy Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris D Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Karaoglanidis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kamali S, Mehraban A. Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate negative effects of drought stress on Sorghum bicolor yield through improving physiological and biochemical characteristics. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15:1813998. [PMID: 32902363 PMCID: PMC7588223 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1813998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play an important role in enhancing soil fertility and plant health. Nitroxin is a bio-fertilizer that is a combination of Azospirilium and Azotobacter rhizobacteria. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants, whereas little is known regarding their roles in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) growth under drought stress conditions. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the inoculation of grain sorghum with the bio-fertilizers of Nitroxin and Glomus mosseae effects on some physiological and biochemical traits and yield of grain sorghum under drought stress conditions in the region of Saravan, Iran, in 2017 and 2018. The results of this experiment showed that severe and moderate drought stress conditions decreased the amounts of grain protein percentage, auxin (IAA) content, root colonization, grain yield, and protein yield of grain, whereas grain starch percentage, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes and content of total carotenoid, total anthocyanin, total flavonoid, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. Inoculation of sorghum plants with bio-fertilizers improved these traits (except starch content, electrolyte leakage, and MDA) under drought stress conditions as well as non-stress conditions. As a result, grain yield and protein yield of sorghum decreased by 43.77 and 43.99%, respectively, under severe drought stress conditions but co-inoculation with Nitroxin and AMF under severe drought stress conditions increased grain yield and protein yield of sorghum by 27 and 19.63%, respectively, compared to non-application of these bio-fertilizers. Thus, Nitroxin and AMF can be recommended for profitable sorghum production under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Kamali
- Department of Agriculture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehraban
- Department of Agriculture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
- CONTACT Ahmad Mehraban Daneshgah Avenue, Department of Agriculture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. P. O Box: 98138-987
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Siddique S, Shoaib A, Khan SN, Mohy-Ud-Din A. Screening and histopathological characterization of sunflower germplasm for resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Mycologia 2020; 113:92-107. [PMID: 33085943 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1810516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two sunflower germplasms were screened for resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina to select parental genetic resources useful for the development of charcoal rot-resistant sunflower cultivars. Potting soil inoculated with pathogen (10 mL pot-1, 2 × 105 sclerotia mL-1) sown with sunflower seeds was examined for disease severity index (%), disease incidence (%), mortality (%), and growth inhibition index (%) 90 d after inoculation. None of the germplasm was disease-free; four were found to be resistant, five moderately resistant, six moderately susceptible, five susceptible, and two highly susceptible. All inoculated plants exhibited disease symptoms both externally and internally. Mild to severe symptoms included brown lesions on aboveground plant, pith disintegration in stem, and shredded appearance of tap root. Histopathological features exposed different colonization mechanism of the pathogen in the resistant and susceptible cultivars. Physical blockage, tissue disintegration, blackening and rupturing of cortical, pith and vascular regions by fungal mycelia, and sclerotia and pycnidia causing large spaces in the center of stem rendered it a hollow structure in all susceptible germplasm. However, stem and root tissues of the resistant germplasm indicated local infection restricted to few cells. This suggested expression of true resistance genes in resistant germplasm. Therefore, the sunflower lines resistant to the M. phaseolina infection are potential genetic resources for the development of quality sunflower cultivars resistant to charcoal rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siddique
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shoaib
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salik Nawaz Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Mohy-Ud-Din
- Oil Seed Research Center, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute , Faisalabad
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30
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Guo DJ, Singh RK, Singh P, Li DP, Sharma A, Xing YX, Song XP, Yang LT, Li YR. Complete Genome Sequence of Enterobacter roggenkampii ED5, a Nitrogen Fixing Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacterium With Biocontrol and Stress Tolerance Properties, Isolated From Sugarcane Root. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580081. [PMID: 33072048 PMCID: PMC7536287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is the leading economic crop in China, requires huge quantities of nitrogen in the preliminary plant growth stages. However, the use of an enormous amount of nitrogen fertilizer increases the production price, and have detrimental results on the environment, causes severe soil and water pollution. In this study, a total of 175 endophytic strains were obtained from the sugarcane roots, belonging to five different species, i.e., Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum barberi, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum, and Saccharum sinense. Among these, only 23 Enterobacter strains were chosen based on nitrogen fixation, PGP traits, hydrolytic enzymes production, and antifungal activities. Also, all selected strains were showed diverse growth range under different stress conditions, i.e., pH (5–10), temperature (20–45°C), and NaCl (7–12%) and 14 strains confirmed positive nifH, and 12 strains for acdS gene amplification, suggested that these strains could fix nitrogen along with stress tolerance properties. Out of 23 selected strains, Enterobacter roggenkampii ED5 was the most potent strain. Hence, this strain was further selected for comprehensive genome analysis, which includes a genome size of 4,702,851 bp and 56.05% of the average G + C content. Genome annotations estimated 4349 protein-coding with 83 tRNA and 25 rRNA genes. The CDSs number allocated to the KEGG, COG, and GO database were 2839, 4028, and 2949. We recognized a total set of genes that are possibly concerned with ACC deaminase activity, siderophores and plant hormones production, nitrogen and phosphate metabolism, symbiosis, root colonization, biofilm formation, sulfur assimilation and metabolism, along with resistance response toward a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. E. roggenkampii ED5 strain was also a proficient colonizer in sugarcane (variety GT11) and enhanced growth of sugarcane under the greenhouse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first information on the whole-genome sequence study of endophytic E. roggenkampii ED5 bacterium associated with sugarcane root. And, our findings proposed that identification of predicted genes and metabolic pathways might describe this strain an eco-friendly bioresource to promote sugarcane growth by several mechanisms of actions under multi-stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jun Guo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Yong-Xiu Xing
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
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31
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Riva F, Riva V, Eckert EM, Colinas N, Di Cesare A, Borin S, Mapelli F, Crotti E. An Environmental Escherichia coli Strain Is Naturally Competent to Acquire Exogenous DNA. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574301. [PMID: 33013812 PMCID: PMC7494812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of antibiotic resistance determinants in different environments, e.g., soil and water, has become a public concern for global health and food safety and many efforts are currently devoted to clarify this complex ecological and evolutionary issue. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, among the different HGT mechanisms, the capacity of environmental bacteria to acquire naked exogenous DNA by natural competence is still poorly investigated. This study aimed to characterize the ability of the environmental Escherichia coli strain ED1, isolated from the crustacean Daphnia sp., to acquire exogenous DNA by natural competence. Transformation experiments were carried out varying different parameters, i.e., cell growth phase, amount of exogenous DNA and exposition to artificial lake water (ALW) and treated wastewater to mimic environmental-like conditions that may be encountered in the agri-food system. Results were compared with those showed by the laboratory E. coli strain DH5α. Our experimental data, supported by genomic sequencing, showed that, when exposed to pure water, ED1 strain was able to acquire exogenous DNA with frequencies (10–8–10–9) statistically higher than the ones observed for DH5α strain (10–10). Interestingly, higher values were retrieved for ED1 than DH5α strains exposed to ALW (10–7 vs. 10–9, respectively) or treated wastewater (10–8 vs. 10–10, respectively). We tested, therefore, ED1 strain ability to colonize the rhizosphere of lettuce, a model plant representative of raw-consumed vegetables of high economic importance in the ready-to-eat food industry. Results showed that ED1 strain was able to efficiently colonize lettuce rhizosphere, revealing a stable colonization for 14 days-long period. In conclusion, ED1 strain ability to acquire exogenous DNA in environmental-like conditions by natural competence, combined with its ability to efficiently and stably colonize plant rhizosphere, poses the attention to food and human safety showing a possible route of diffusion of antibiotic resistance in the agri-food system, sustaining the “One Health” warnings related to the antibiotic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Riva
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Riva
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ester M Eckert
- Molecular Ecology Group, National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Noemi Colinas
- Molecular Ecology Group, National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy.,Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Molecular Ecology Group, National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Crotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sharma RK, Barot K, Archana G. Root colonization by heavy metal resistant Enterobacter and its influence on metal induced oxidative stress on Cajanus cajan. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1532-1540. [PMID: 31769023 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal resistant bacterium Enterobacter sp. C1D was evaluated for cadmium (Cd) mediated exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation and legume root colonization ability under Cd stress to alleviate metal induced stress. RESULTS The plant was sensitive to Cd (IC50 3-4 μg mL-1 ), whereas the bacterium showed high Cd tolerance (MIC99 120 μg mL-1 ). Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the Cajanus cajan roots showed heavy loads of green fluorescence protein labelled Enterobacter sp. C1D on the surface of plant root, specifically at the point of root hair/lateral root formation along with cortex, even under metal stress. The root colonizing ability of Enterobacter sp. C1D was not affected by the presence of Rhizobium and the bacteria could be observed after 30 days of incubation in soil. Various plant growth parameters, antioxidant metabolites and oxidative stress indicator were significantly influenced by bacterial treatment, which, overall, reduced the adverse effect of Cd. CONCLUSION Heavy metal tolerant bacteria may be a good choice for the development of biofertilizers and may work well with the native soil microbes such as Rhizobium under the metal polluted soil. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Kavita Barot
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Gayatri Archana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Chou H, Xiao YT, Tsai JN, Li TT, Wu HY, Liu LYD, Tzeng DS, Chung CL. In Vitro and in Planta Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum TA as a Biocontrol Agent Against Phellinus noxius, the Cause of Brown Root Rot Disease of Trees. Plant Dis 2019; 103:2733-2741. [PMID: 31483183 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0179-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown root rot (BRR), caused by the white rot fungus Phellinus noxius, is an epidemic disease of diverse broadleaved and coniferous tree species in many tropical and subtropical regions. Flooding and trenching control measures are difficult to implement, and chemical controls can have an adverse impact on ecosystems. Previous studies have provided in vitro evidence for the potential use of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of BRR. Here, we analyzed the in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitic abilities of four Trichoderma spp. isolates against four P. noxius isolates in dual culture and Ficus microcarpa wood blocks. A convenient inoculation system based on root inoculation of a highly susceptible loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) with P. noxius-colonized wheat-oat grains was developed to examine the effect of Trichoderma treatment in planta. Preventive application of Trichoderma asperellum TA, the isolate showing high antagonistic activity in vitro, was effective in preventing and delaying the wilting of P. noxius-inoculated loquat cuttings in greenhouse trials. To understand the specific niche in which T. asperellum TA interacts with P. noxius, KOH-aniline blue fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the colonization of loquat roots by P. noxius and/or T. asperellum TA. Dilution plating assays were also conducted to quantify Trichoderma populations in the rhizosphere and potting mix. T. asperellum TA was able to robustly establish in the rhizosphere and potting mix but with scarce root penetration limited to the superficial layer. We discuss the timing and strategy for applying antagonistic Trichodema sp. on living trees or in BRR-infested areas for BRR management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chou
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Xiao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Nong Tsai
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City 41362, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu D Liu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Der-Syh Tzeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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34
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Dheeman S, Baliyan N, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK, Kumar S, Chen L. Combined effects of rhizo-competitive rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere Bacillus in plant growth promotion and yield improvement of Eleusine coracana (Ragi). Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:111-124. [PMID: 31671281 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study emphasizes the beneficial role of rhizo-competitive Bacillus spp. isolated from rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil in plant growth promotion and yield improvement via nitrogen fixation and biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease in Eleusine coracana (Ragi). The selection of potent rhizobacteria was based on plant-growth-promoting attributes using Venn set diagram and Bonitur scale. Bacillus pumilus MSTA8 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MSTD26 were selected because they were effective in root colonization, rhizosphere competence, and biofilm formation using root exudates of E. coracana L. rich with carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids. The relative chemotaxis index of the isolates expressed the invasive behavior of the rhizosphere. During pot and field trials, the consortium of the rhizobacteria in a vermiculite carrier increased the grain yield by 37.87%, with a significant harvest index of 16.45. Soil analysis after the field trial revealed soil reclamation potentials to manage soil nutrition and fertility. Both indexes ensured crop protection and production in eco-safe ways and herald commercialization of Bacillus bio-inoculant for improvement in crop production and disease management of E. coracana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrivardhan Dheeman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India.,Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun 248161, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Baliyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Dubey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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35
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Barelli L, Behie SW, Bidochka MJ. Availability of carbon and nitrogen in soil affects Metarhizium robertsii root colonization and transfer of insect-derived nitrogen. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5567177. [PMID: 31504453 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic, insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium, exchanges insect-derived nitrogen for photosynthate as part of a symbiotic association similar to well-known mycorrhizal relationships. However, little is known about this nitrogen transfer in soils where there is an abundance of nitrogen and/or carbon. Here, we applied D-glucose and ammonium nitrate to soil to examine the effect on root colonization and transfer of labelled nitrogen (15N) from an insect (injected with 15N-ammonium sulfate) to Metarhizium robertsii, into leaves of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, over the course of 28 days. Application of exogenous carbon and/or nitrogen to soils significantly reduced detectable 15N in plant leaves. Metarhizium root colonization, quantified with real-time PCR, revealed colonization persisted under all conditions but was significantly greater on roots in soil supplemented with glucose and significantly lower in soil supplemented with ammonium nitrate. Fungal gene expression analysis revealed differential expression of sugar and nitrogen transporters (mrt, st3, nrr1, nit1, mep2) when Metarhizium was grown in pure broth culture or in co-culture with plant roots under various carbon and nitrogen conditions. The observation that Metarhizium maintained root colonization in the absence of nitrogen transfer, and without evidence of plant harm, is intriguing and indicates additional benefits with ecological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Barelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada, L2S 3A1
| | - Scott W Behie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA, 94720
| | - Michael J Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada, L2S 3A1
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Chiapello M, Das D, Gutjahr C. Ramf: An Open-Source R Package for Statistical Analysis and Display of Quantitative Root Colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1184. [PMID: 31611898 PMCID: PMC6777641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Data analysis and graphical representation form an essential part of scientific research dissemination. The life-science community is moving towards a more transparent presentation of single data points or data distributions and away from mean values displayed as bar charts. To facilitate transparent data display to the mycorrhiza community, we present "Ramf" an open-source R package for statistical analysis and preparation of a variety of publication-ready plots, custom-made for analyzing and displaying quantitative root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi or any kind of data to be displayed in the same format. Ramf replaces the scripting needed for data analysis and can be readily used by researchers not acquainted with R. In addition, the package is open to improvements by the community. Ramf is available at https://github.com/mchiapello/Ramf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Debatosh Das
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
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Shulse CN, Chovatia M, Agosto C, Wang G, Hamilton M, Deutsch S, Yoshikuni Y, Blow MJ. Engineered Root Bacteria Release Plant-Available Phosphate from Phytate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01210-19. [PMID: 31285192 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01210-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate fertilizers are essential for high-yield agriculture yet are costly and environmentally damaging. Microbes that release soluble phosphate from naturally occurring sources in the soil are appealing, as they may reduce the need for such fertilizers. In this study, we used synthetic biology approaches to create a collection of engineered root-associated microbes with the ability to release phosphate from phytate. We demonstrate that these strains improve plant growth under phosphorus-limited conditions. This represents a first step in the development of phosphate-mining bacteria for future use in crop systems. Microorganisms that release plant-available phosphate from natural soil phosphate stores may serve as biological alternatives to costly and environmentally damaging phosphate fertilizers. To explore this possibility, we engineered a collection of root bacteria to release plant-available orthophosphate from phytate, an abundant phosphate source in many soils. We identified 82 phylogenetically diverse phytase genes, refactored their sequences for optimal expression in Proteobacteria, and then synthesized and engineered them into the genomes of three root-colonizing bacteria. Liquid culture assays revealed 41 engineered strains with high levels of phytate hydrolysis. Among these, we identified 12 strains across three bacterial hosts that confer a growth advantage on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana when phytate is the sole phosphate source. These data demonstrate that DNA synthesis approaches can be used to generate plant-associated strains with novel phosphate-solubilizing capabilities. IMPORTANCE Phosphate fertilizers are essential for high-yield agriculture yet are costly and environmentally damaging. Microbes that release soluble phosphate from naturally occurring sources in the soil are appealing, as they may reduce the need for such fertilizers. In this study, we used synthetic biology approaches to create a collection of engineered root-associated microbes with the ability to release phosphate from phytate. We demonstrate that these strains improve plant growth under phosphorus-limited conditions. This represents a first step in the development of phosphate-mining bacteria for future use in crop systems.
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Hao Z, Xie W, Chen B. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Affects Plant Immunity to Viral Infection and Accumulation. Viruses 2019; 11:E534. [PMID: 31181739 PMCID: PMC6630321 DOI: 10.3390/v11060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as root symbionts of most terrestrial plants, improve plant growth and fitness. In addition to the improved plant nutritional status, the physiological changes that trigger metabolic changes in the root via AM fungi can also increase the host ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant viruses are one of the important limiting factors for the commercial cultivation of various crops. The effect of AM fungi on viral infection is variable, and considerable attention is focused on shoot virus infection. This review provides an overview of the potential of AM fungi as bioprotection agents against viral diseases and emphasizes the complex nature of plant-fungus-virus interactions. Several mechanisms, including modulated plant tolerance, manipulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR), and altered vector pressure are involved in such interactions. We propose that using "omics" tools will provide detailed insights into the complex mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal-mediated plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Arrebola E, Tienda S, Vida C, de Vicente A, Cazorla FM. Fitness Features Involved in the Biocontrol Interaction of Pseudomonas chlororaphis With Host Plants: The Case Study of PcPCL1606. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:719. [PMID: 31024497 PMCID: PMC6469467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this mini review is to summarize the relevant contribution of some beneficial traits to the behavior of the species Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and using that information, to give a practical point of view using the model biocontrol strain P. chlororaphis PCL1606 (PcPCL1606). Among the group of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria, P. chlororaphis has emerged as a plant- and soil-related bacterium that is mainly known because of its biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. Many traits have been reported to be crucial during the multitrophic interaction involving the plant, the fungal pathogen and the soil environment. To explore the different biocontrol-related traits, the biocontrol rhizobacterium PcPCL1606 has been used as a model in recent studies. This bacterium is antagonistic to many phytopathogenic fungi and displays effective biocontrol against fungal phytopathogens. Antagonistic and biocontrol activities are directly related to the production of the compound 2-hexyl, 5-propyl resorcinol (HPR), despite the production of other antifungal compounds. Furthermore, PcPCL1606 has displayed additional traits regarding its fitness in soil and plant root environments such as soil survival, efficient plant root colonization, cell-to-cell interaction or promotion of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Arrebola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" IHSM, UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Tienda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" IHSM, UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" IHSM, UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" IHSM, UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cazorla
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" IHSM, UMA-CSIC, Málaga, Spain
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Li C, Ma Y. Antifungal and plant growth promotion activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00813. [PMID: 30907064 PMCID: PMC6692555 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON), is a devastating disease that causes extensive losses throughout the world. Five bacterial strains (L3, h, β, b, and L) isolated from the watermelon rhizosphere showed antagonistic activity against FON during in vitro tests. Strain L3 produced diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which showed the strongest antifungal activity. Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets exposed to VOCs produced by strain L3 showed a 2.39‐fold increase in biomass, 1.40‐fold increase in primary root length, and 5.05‐fold increase in number of lateral roots. Confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the GFP‐labeled strain L3 could colonize along the elongation and differentiation zones of watermelon roots. In greenhouse pot experiments, the biocontrol efficiency of strain L3 against fusarium wilt of watermelon was up to 68.4% in comparison with the control treatment. In addition, inoculation of the strain L3 resulted in a 23.4% increase in plant fresh weight. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain L3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L3. Fourteen VOCs produced by strain L3 were identified through GC‐MS analysis. Of nine VOCs tested, 2‐nonanone and 2‐heptanone were proved to have strong antifungal properties. Acetoin and 2,3‐butanediol were found to promote plant growth. The results suggested B. amyloliquefaciens L3 was a potential biocontrol agent, and that VOCs produced by B. amyloliquefaciens L3 play important roles in the process of biocontrol and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengguo Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Xu Z, Zhang H, Sun X, Liu Y, Yan W, Xun W, Shen Q, Zhang R. Bacillus velezensis Wall Teichoic Acids Are Required for Biofilm Formation and Root Colonization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02116-18. [PMID: 30552189 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02116-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along plant roots facilitates the ability of PGPR to promote plant growth and health. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the root colonization process by plant-beneficial Bacillus strains is essential for the use of these strains in agriculture. Here, we observed that an sfp gene mutant of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9 was unable to form normal biofilm architecture, and differential protein expression was observed by proteomic analysis. A minor wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthetic protein, GgaA, was decreased over 4-fold in the Δsfp mutant, and impairment of the ggaA gene postponed biofilm formation and decreased cucumber root colonization capabilities. In addition, we provide evidence that the major WTA biosynthetic enzyme GtaB is involved in both biofilm formation and root colonization. The deficiency in biofilm formation of the ΔgtaB mutant may be due to an absence of UDP-glucose, which is necessary for the synthesis of biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides (EPS). These observations provide insights into the root colonization process by a plant-beneficial Bacillus strain, which will help improve its application as a biofertilizer.IMPORTANCE Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive plant-beneficial bacterium which is widely used in agriculture. Additionally, Bacillus spp. are some of the model organisms used in the study of biofilms, and as such, the molecular networks and regulation systems of biofilm formation are well characterized. However, the molecular processes involved in root colonization by plant-beneficial Bacillus strains remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that WTAs play important roles in the plant root colonization process. The loss of the gtaB gene affects the ability of B. velezensis SQR9 to sense plant polysaccharides, which are important environmental cues that trigger biofilm formation and colonization in the rhizosphere. This knowledge provides new insights into the Bacillus root colonization process and can help improve our understanding of plant-rhizobacterium interactions.
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López-Farfán D, Reyes-Darias JA, Matilla MA, Krell T. Concentration Dependent Effect of Plant Root Exudates on the Chemosensory Systems of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30761113 PMCID: PMC6363813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant root colonization by rhizobacteria can protect plants against pathogens and promote plant growth, and chemotaxis to root exudates was shown to be an essential prerequisite for efficient root colonization. Since many chemoattractants control the transcript levels of their cognate chemoreceptor genes, we have studied here the transcript levels of the 27 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 chemoreceptor genes in the presence of different maize root exudate (MRE) concentrations. Transcript levels were increased for 10 chemoreceptor genes at low MRE concentrations, whereas almost all receptor genes showed lower transcript levels at high MRE concentrations. The exposure of KT2440 to different MRE concentrations did not alter c-di-GMP levels, indicating that changes in chemoreceptor transcripts are not mediated by this second messenger. Data suggest that rhizosphere colonization unfolds in a temporal fashion. Whereas at a distance to the root, exudates enhance chemoreceptor gene transcript levels promoting in turn chemotaxis, this process is reversed in root vicinity, where the necessity of chemotaxis toward the root may be less important. Insight into KT2440 signaling processes were obtained by analyzing mutants defective in the three cheA paralogous genes. Whereas a mutant in cheA1 showed reduced c-di-GMP levels and impaired biofilm formation, a cheA2 mutant was entirely deficient in MRE chemotaxis, indicating the existence of homologs of the P. aeruginosawsp and che (chemotaxis) pathways. Signaling through both pathways was important for efficient maize root colonization. Future studies will show whether the MRE concentration dependent effect on chemoreceptor gene transcript levels is a feature shared by other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana López-Farfán
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - José A Reyes-Darias
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Matilla
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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Zhou C, Zhu L, Guo J, Xiao X, Ma Z, Wang J. Bacillus subtilis STU6 Ameliorates Iron Deficiency in Tomato by Enhancement of Polyamine-Mediated Iron Remobilization. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:320-330. [PMID: 30540908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency often triggers arginine overproduction in plants. However, it remains elusive whether Fe deficiency-induced increases of arginine levels are involved in beneficial rhizobacteria recruitment and that the mechanism underlying rhizobacteria induced plant Fe deficiency tolerance. Here, Bacillus subtilis STU6 increased soluble Fe content in tomato, thereby alleviating Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. In a split-root system, STU6 significantly induced arginine exudation by Fe-deficient roots, and increased arginine levels promoted spermidine (Spd) production by STU6 and bacterial colonization. Deletion of the STU6 speB gene inhibited Spd synthesis and abrogated STU6-induced increments of soluble Fe content in the Fe-deficient plants. Increased host Spd levels by STU6 greatly stimulated the NO accumulation in the Fe-deficient roots. Furthermore, disruption of NO signaling markedly repressed STU6-mediated cell wall Fe remobilization. Collectively, our data provide important evidence that chemical dialogues between tomato and STU6 contribute to enhancement of microbe-mediated plant adaptation to Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture , Anhui Science and Technology University , Bengbu 233100 , China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture , Anhui Science and Technology University , Bengbu 233100 , China
| | - Zhongyou Ma
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture , Anhui Science and Technology University , Bengbu 233100 , China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture , Anhui Science and Technology University , Bengbu 233100 , China
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Poveda J, Hermosa R, Monte E, Nicolás C. The Trichoderma harzianum Kelch Protein ThKEL1 Plays a Key Role in Root Colonization and the Induction of Systemic Defense in Brassicaceae Plants. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1478. [PMID: 31803213 PMCID: PMC6873215 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Trichoderma includes strains with biocontrol and/or biostimulant potential and is recognized as a source of genes with biotechnological value. In a previous study the Kelch domain protein, encoded by the Thkel1 gene of Trichoderma harzianum T34, was found to confer tolerance to salt stress when expressed in plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present work, we have overexpressed Thkel1 in rapeseed plants in order to generate an additional biotechnological tool for analyzing the role of this gene in Trichoderma-plant interactions. The overexpression of this gene in Brassicaceae plants improves responses to pathogens through the induction of systemic defenses mediated by jasmonic acid, facilitates root colonization by modulating the myrosinase activity, and, as a result, increases plant productivity. These effects were also observed in Thkel1 overexpressing plants subjected to abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, the differences detected in root colonization levels by T. harzianum wild type and Thkel1 silenced transformants between Arabidopsis or rapeseed and tomato plants indicate that ThKEL1 interacts in different ways in Brassicaceae and non-Brassicaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Monte
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Enrique Monte,
| | - Carlos Nicolás
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Wang X, Wang C, Li Q, Zhang J, Ji C, Sui J, Liu Z, Song X, Liu X. Isolation and characterization of antagonistic bacteria with the potential for biocontrol of soil-borne wheat diseases. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1868-1880. [PMID: 30179289 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to identify efficient plant-beneficial rhizobacterium that has the potential to be developed as biocontrol agent for the control of wheat soil-borne diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from a wheat field located in Taian City. Numerous bacteria were isolated and screened for antagonistic activity against soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi by performing dual-culture assays. Among them, XH-9 was selected for its highly antagonistic activity and others growth-promoting characteristics. Subsequently, the strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Pot experiment indicated that XH-9 has good capacities for wheat, corn, and chili root colonization and considerably increased the biometric parameters of wheat seedlings. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that the amount of Fusarium oxysporum associated with the XH-9 after treatment significantly decreased compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum XH-9 has the potential as biocontrol agent when applied in local arable land to prevent damage caused by F. oxysporum and other phytopathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The development of biocontrol strategies for reducing the damage caused by plant pathogens is fully in accord with the current principles of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - C Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Q Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - J Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - C Ji
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - J Sui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - X Song
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - X Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
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Rosenblueth M, Ormeño-Orrillo E, López-López A, Rogel MA, Reyes-Hernández BJ, Martínez-Romero JC, Reddy PM, Martínez-Romero E. Nitrogen Fixation in Cereals. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1794. [PMID: 30140262 PMCID: PMC6095057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals such as maize, rice, wheat and sorghum are the most important crops for human nutrition. Like other plants, cereals associate with diverse bacteria (including nitrogen-fixing bacteria called diazotrophs) and fungi. As large amounts of chemical fertilizers are used in cereals, it has always been desirable to promote biological nitrogen fixation in such crops. The quest for nitrogen fixation in cereals started long ago with the isolation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from different plants. The sources of diazotrophs in cereals may be seeds, soils, and even irrigation water and diazotrophs have been found on roots or as endophytes. Recently, culture-independent molecular approaches have revealed that some rhizobia are found in cereal plants and that bacterial nitrogenase genes are expressed in plants. Since the levels of nitrogen-fixation attained with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cereals are not high enough to support the plant’s needs and never as good as those obtained with chemical fertilizers or with rhizobium in symbiosis with legumes, it has been the aim of different studies to increase nitrogen-fixation in cereals. In many cases, these efforts have not been successful. However, new diazotroph mutants with enhanced capabilities to excrete ammonium are being successfully used to promote plant growth as commensal bacteria. In addition, there are ambitious projects supported by different funding agencies that are trying to genetically modify maize and other cereals to enhance diazotroph colonization or to fix nitrogen or to form nodules with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rosenblueth
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ormeño-Orrillo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Aline López-López
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Marco A Rogel
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pallavolu M Reddy
- The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
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Villarino M, Espeso EA, Melgarejo P, Larena I. Transformation of Penicillium rubens 212 and Expression of GFP and DsRED Coding Genes for Visualization of Plant-Biocontrol Agent Interaction. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1653. [PMID: 30083150 PMCID: PMC6064719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain 212 of Penicillium rubens (PO212) is an effective fungal biological control agent against a broad spectrum of diseases of horticultural plants. A pyrimidine auxotrophic isolate of PO212, PO212_18.2, carrying an inactive pyrG gene, has been used as host for transformation by positive selection of vectors containing the gene complementing the pyrG1 mutation. Both integrative and autonomously replicating plasmids transformed PO212_18.2 with high efficiency. Novel PO212-derived strains expressed green (sGFP) and red (Ds-Red Express) fluorescent reporter proteins, driven by the A. nidulans gpdA promoter. Fluorescence microscopy revealed constitutive expression of the sGFP and Ds-Red Express proteins, homogenously distributed across fungal cells. Transformation with either type of plasmid, did not affect the growth and morphological culture characteristics, and the biocontrol efficacy of either transformed strains compared to the wild-type, PO212. Fluorescent transformants pointed the capacity of PO212 to colonize tomato roots without invading plant root tissues. This work demonstrates susceptibility of the biocontrol agent PO212 to be transformed, showing that the use of GFP and DsRed as markers for PO212 is a useful, fast, reliable and effective approach for studying plant-fungus interactions and tomato root colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villarino
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Subdirección General de Investigación y Tecnología (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo A. Espeso
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Subdirección General de Investigación y Tecnología (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Larena
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Subdirección General de Investigación y Tecnología (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Bernaola L, Cosme M, Schneider RW, Stout M. Belowground Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Local and Systemic Susceptibility of Rice Plants to Different Pest Organisms. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:747. [PMID: 29922319 PMCID: PMC5996305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants face numerous challenges from both aboveground and belowground stressors, and defend themselves against harmful insects and microorganisms in many ways. Because plant responses to biotic stresses are not only local but also systemic, belowground interactions can influence aboveground interactions in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soilborne organisms that form symbiotic associations with many plant roots and are thought to play a central role in plant nutrition, growth, and fitness. In the present study, we focused on the influence of AMF on rice defense against pests. We inoculated rice plants with AMF in several field and greenhouse experiments to test whether the interaction of AMF with rice roots changes the resistance of rice against two chewing insects, the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, RWW) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW), and against infection by sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani, ShB). Both in field and greenhouse experiments, the performance of insects and the pathogen on rice was enhanced when plants were inoculated with AMF. In the field, inoculating rice plants with AMF resulted in higher numbers of RWW larvae on rice roots. In the greenhouse, more RWW first instars emerged from AMF-colonized rice plants than from non-colonized control plants. Weight gains of FAW larvae were higher on rice plants treated with AMF inoculum. Lesion lengths and susceptibility to ShB infection were higher in rice plants colonized by AMF. Although AMF inoculation enhanced the growth of rice plants, the nutritional analyses of root and shoot tissues indicated no major increases in the concentrations of nutrients in rice plants colonized by AMF. The large effects on rice susceptibility to pests in the absence of large effects on plant nutrition suggest that AMF colonization influences other mechanisms of susceptibility (e.g., defense signaling processes). This study represents the first study conducted in the U.S. in rice showing AMF-induced plant susceptibility to several antagonists that specialize on different plant tissues. Given the widespread occurrence of AMF, our findings will help to provide a different perspective into the causal basis of rice systemic resistance/susceptibility to insects and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bernaola
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Marco Cosme
- Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Raymond W. Schneider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Michael Stout
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Zhou X, Zhang N, Xia L, Li Q, Shao J, Shen Q, Zhang R. ResDE Two-Component Regulatory System Mediates Oxygen Limitation-Induced Biofilm Formation by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02744-17. [PMID: 29427424 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02744-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient biofilm formation and root colonization capabilities facilitate the ability of beneficial plant rhizobacteria to promote plant growth and antagonize soilborne pathogens. Biofilm formation by plant-beneficial Bacillus strains is triggered by environmental cues, including oxygen deficiency, but the pathways that sense these environmental signals and regulate biofilm formation have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we showed that the ResDE two-component regulatory system in the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SQR9 senses the oxygen deficiency signal and regulates biofilm formation. ResE is activated by sensing the oxygen limitation-induced reduction of the NAD+/NADH pool through its PAS domain, stimulating its kinase activity, and resulting in the transfer of a phosphoryl group to ResD. The phosphorylated ResD directly binds to the promoter regions of the qoxABCD and ctaCDEF operons to improve the biosynthesis of terminal oxidases, which can interact with KinB to activate biofilm formation. These results not only revealed the novel regulatory function of the ResDE two-component system but also contributed to the understanding of the complicated regulatory network governing Bacillus biofilm formation. This research may help to enhance the root colonization and the plant-beneficial efficiency of SQR9 and other Bacillus rhizobacteria used in agriculture.IMPORTANCEBacillus spp. are widely used as bioinoculants for plant growth promotion and disease suppression. The exertion of their plant-beneficial functions is largely dependent on their root colonization, which is closely related to their biofilm formation capabilities. On the other hand, Bacillus is the model bacterium for biofilm study, and the process and molecular network of biofilm formation are well characterized (B. Mielich-Süss and D. Lopez, Environ Microbiol 17:555-565, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12527; L. S. Cairns, L. Hobley, and N. R. Stanley-Wall, Mol Microbiol 93:587-598, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.12697; H. Vlamakis, C. Aguilar, R. Losick, and R. Kolter, Genes Dev 22:945-953, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1645008; S. S. Branda, A. Vik, L. Friedman, and R. Kolter, Trends Microbiol 13:20-26, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.11.006; C. Aguilar, H. Vlamakis, R. Losick, and R. Kolter, Curr Opin Microbiol 10:638-643, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2007.09.006; S. S. Branda, J. E. González-Pastor, S. Ben-Yehuda, R. Losick, and R. Kolter, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11621-11626, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.191384198). However, the identification and sensing of environmental signals triggering Bacillus biofilm formation need further research. Here, we report that the oxygen deficiency signal inducing Bacillus biofilm formation is sensed by the ResDE two-component regulatory system. Our results not only revealed the novel regulatory function of the ResDE two-component regulatory system but also identified the sensing system of a biofilm-triggering signal. This knowledge can help to enhance the biofilm formation and root colonization of plant-beneficial Bacillus strains and also provide new insights of bacterial biofilm formation regulation.
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Rey T, Bonhomme M, Chatterjee A, Gavrin A, Toulotte J, Yang W, André O, Jacquet C, Schornack S. The Medicago truncatula GRAS protein RAD1 supports arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and Phytophthora palmivora susceptibility. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:5871-5881. [PMID: 29186498 PMCID: PMC5854134 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The roots of most land plants are colonized by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. To facilitate this symbiosis, plant genomes encode a set of genes required for microbial perception and accommodation. However, the extent to which infection by filamentous root pathogens also relies on some of these genes remains an open question. Here, we used genome-wide association mapping to identify genes contributing to colonization of Medicago truncatula roots by the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers most significantly associated with plant colonization response were identified upstream of RAD1, which encodes a GRAS transcription regulator first negatively implicated in root nodule symbiosis and recently identified as a positive regulator of AM symbiosis. RAD1 transcript levels are up-regulated both in response to AM fungus and, to a lower extent, in infected tissues by P. palmivora where its expression is restricted to root cortex cells proximal to pathogen hyphae. Reverse genetics showed that reduction of RAD1 transcript levels as well as a rad1 mutant are impaired in their full colonization by AM fungi as well as by P. palmivora. Thus, the importance of RAD1 extends beyond symbiotic interactions, suggesting a general involvement in M. truncatula microbe-induced root development and interactions with unrelated beneficial and detrimental filamentous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory, UK
| | - Maxime Bonhomme
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | | | | | | | - Weibing Yang
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory, UK
| | - Olivier André
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
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