1
|
Synthesis of a novel CS-g-MMCs conjugate and the inhabitation on the proliferation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:357-66. [PMID: 22406092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel anti-proliferative macromolecular conjugate, CS-g-MMCs, was synthesized in order to decrease the cytotoxicity of Mitomycin C (MMC) which was a traditional anti-proliferative agent of fibroblast in trabeculectomy. The structure of CS-g-MMCs was characterized by (1)H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and GPC analysis. The grafting degree (dg) of MMC onto chitosan (CS) was determined to be in the range of 2.8-11.3%, which could be controlled by variation of the molar ratios of MMC to oxidized chitosan (CS-CHO). In the drug release profiles of CS-g-MMCs in vitro, an initial burst followed by slow leakage was observed, and addition of acid or lysozyme obviously accelerated the MMC release. The MTS assay indicated that CS-CHO of 8 mg/ml has no cytotoxicity against human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs). The inhibition of HTCFs proliferation by CS-g-MMCs increased along with increasing the dg of conjugate. The CS-g-MMCs also caused the apoptosis of HTCFs and interfered in the active DNA synthesis in HTCFs. Furthermore, the expression of a-SMA at gene and protein levels were obviously lower when HTCFs were treated with CS-g-MMCs, as compared to MMC or blend of MMC/CS-CHO (p<0.05). Our results primarily demonstrated that the CS-g-MMCs conjugates have low cytotoxicity and have the effect to inhibit fibroblast proliferation.
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
4
|
Synthesis of a technetium-99m labeled tricyclic ganciclovir analog for non-invasive reporter gene expression imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:741-4. [PMID: 17110103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A potential radiopharmaceutical and HSV1-TK substrate, 3-((1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yloxy)-methyl)-6-(4-(3-((2-mercaptoethyl)(2-(2-mercaptoethyl-amino)-ethyl)amino)propoxy)phenyl)-3H-imidazopurin-9(5H)-one-oxo-technetium(V), was synthesized via a converging approach and its chemical structure was comparatively characterized with a non-radioactive analog. The final radiochemical purity and yield were 97 and 73%, respectively.
Collapse
|
5
|
The first synthesis of 1'-fluoronucleosides. NUCLEIC ACIDS SYMPOSIUM SERIES (2004) 2006:3-4. [PMID: 17150788 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrl002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of 1'-fluoronucleosides, which has long been synthetic targets as the potential antimetabolites, was achieved. Electrophilic fluorination of the 1'-position of a 1'-ketouridine derivative, followed by reduction of the 2'-keto-moiety, gave the protected 1'-fluorouridine derivative and its arabino-type congener. Alternatively, nucleophilic fluorination of a 1'-phenyselenouridine derivative with DAST/NBS produced the protected 1'-fluorouridine and its alpha-anomer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ring opening reactions: synthesis of AICAR analogs as potential antimetabolite agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:415-8. [PMID: 16247961 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200059860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to improve the AzA selectivity of the 2-(aryl)alkylthio derivatives of adenosine, we planned the synthesis of the corresponding derivatives of the 5-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA). For this purpose, we designed the synthesis of 2-mercapto-NECA to be pursued by means of an opening-closure method We obtained the open AICAR analog; however, ring closure efforts failed to give the desired compound. The newly synthesized AICAR derivative could potentially be endowed with antiviral or antitumoral activity.
Collapse
|
7
|
New trends in synthesis of pyrazole nucleosides as new antimetabolites. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:1227-47. [PMID: 16270665 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200067421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazole nucleosides and condensed pyrazole nucleosides exhibit various biological activities. This article describes recent synthetic approaches to their preparation, chemical properties, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships, with emphasis to selected drugs or drug candidates. Two pyrazole C-nucleoside compounds pyrazofurin (pyrazomycin) and its alpha-epimer pyrazofurin B are active components of potent antivirals approved for therapeutic use in human medicine aimed against various diseases caused by DNA viruses.
Collapse
|
8
|
[Synthesis and toxicity of some new (sulfon-amidophenyl)-amide derivatives of N-(m-nitrobenzoil)-D,L-asparagine]. REVISTA MEDICO-CHIRURGICALA A SOCIETATII DE MEDICI SI NATURALISTI DIN IASI 2005; 109:671-5. [PMID: 16607771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain new compounds with potential antibacterial activity some new (sulfonamidophenyl)-amide derivatives of N-(m-nitrobenzoil)-D,L-asparagine have been synthesized. The compounds have been obtained by decyclization reaction of 2-(m-nitrophenyl)-4-(beta-amidomethyl)-delta2-oxazolinone with various sulfonamides. A toxicity study with determination of DL50 value has also been realized.
Collapse
|
9
|
Selective transport of a new class of purine antimetabolites by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 23:1441-4. [PMID: 15571273 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200027660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purine antimetabolites have been very successful therapeutic agents against a host of infectious diseases and malignancies. Success of the treatment relies as much on the efficient accumulation by the target cell or organism as it does on selective action on a vital biochemical pathway of the target cell. Here we compare the ability of a new class of tricyclic purine antimetabolites to interact with transporters from human erythrocytes or Trypanosoma brucei. We show that these compounds display a remarkable selectivity for the parasite's transporters. The adenine analogue showed greater trypanocidal activity than the hypoxanthine or guanine analogues in vitro.
Collapse
|
10
|
An efficient synthesis of new fluorinated uracil derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:844-5. [PMID: 12739640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of potentially biologically active fluorinated uracil derivatives has been prepared in three steps from oxazolines and fluorinated nitriles with good chemical yields.
Collapse
|
11
|
A new entry to the stereoselective introduction of an ethynyl group by a radical reaction: synthesis of the potential antimetabolite 2'-deoxy-2'-C-ethynyluridine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:4748-50. [PMID: 12481347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200290037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Synthesis and evaluation of N-acyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-fluorouracil. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:1787-94. [PMID: 11745736 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-nicotinyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine (NFG) and N-isonicotinyl-2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-D,L-glycine (INFG) were synthesized as colon-specific prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). As N-aromatic acyl amides of glycine, they are expected to be stable in the upper intestine and delivered to the colon as an intact form if they are nonabsorbable. Microbial hydrolysis of amide bond in the colon will give 2-(5-fluorouracil)-D,L-glycine, which releases 5-FU by spontaneous decomposition. NFG and INFG were soluble in water and stable in pH 1.2 and 7.4 buffer solutions. The apparent partition coefficient of NFG or INFG in 1-octanol/pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution at 37 degrees was 0.025 or 0.024, respectively. On incubation with cecal contents of rats, conversion of NFG or INFG proceeded only 9 or 5% in 8 h, respectively, producing 5-FU and a metabolite. The metabolite formation was inhibited in the presence of diazouracil, a dihydrouracil dehydrogenase inhibitor. The HPLC retention time of the metabolite from the incubation of 5-FU, NFG, or INFG with cecal contents was identical to dihydro-5-fluorouracil (dihydro-5FU). When N-nicotinyl-2-hydroxy-D,L-glycine methyl ester (NHGM) was incubated with the cecal contents, the extent of amide bond hydrolysis was 85% in 24 h. The result suggested that steric hindrance imposed by 5-FU at 2-position of glycine retarded the hydrolysis of the amide bond in NFG or INFG and suppressed the prodrug conversion.
Collapse
|
13
|
Structure-Based design, synthesis and sAR of a novel series of thiopheneamidine urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1379-82. [PMID: 11378359 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is thought to play a central role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Molecular modeling studies suggest that 5-thiomethylthiopheneamidine inhibits uPA by binding at the S1 pocket of the active site. Further structure based elaboration of this residue resulted in a novel class of potent and selective inhibitors of uPA.
Collapse
|
14
|
5,5-Diaryl-2-amino-4-pentenoates as novel, potent, and selective glycine transporter type-2 reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1371-3. [PMID: 11378357 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 5,5-diaryl-2-amino-4-pentenoates was synthesized and found to be potent and selective glycine transporter type-2 reuptake inhibitors.
Collapse
|
15
|
L-nucleoside analogues as potential antimalarials that selectively target Plasmodium falciparum adenosine deaminase. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:2521-32. [PMID: 10639753 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The L-stereoisomer analogues of D-coformycin selectively inhibited P. falciparum adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the picomolar range (L-isocoformycin, Ki 7 pM; L-coformycin, Ki 250 pM). While the L-nucleoside analogues, L-adenosine, 2,6-diamino-9-(L-ribofuranosyl)purine and 4-amino-1-(L-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine were selectively deaminated by P. falciparum ADA, L-thioinosine and L-thioguanosine were not. This is the first example of 'non-physiological' L-nucleosides that serve as either substrates or inhibitors of malarial ADA and are not utilised by mammalian ADA.
Collapse
|
16
|
Beta-amyloid fragment potentiates IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion by LPS in astrocytes but not in microglia. Cytokine 1997; 9:759-62. [PMID: 9344508 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1997.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a peptide homologous to the biologically active fragment of beta amyloid 25-35 (beta 25-35) was studied on interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary rat astrocytes and microglia. Twenty-four hour exposure to LPS (50 ng/ml) induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha both in astrocytes and in microglial cells, while the effect of beta 25-35 (50 microM) per se was negligible in both cell types. In microglial cells, the application of beta peptide did not alter the production of either cytokine induced by LPS. However, beta 25-35 strongly amplified the production of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha in astrocytes. These findings confirm the complex interaction between cytokines and amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's disease and indicate that astrocytes rather than microglia respond to the beta amyloid fragment, suggesting that these cells may be actively involved in cytokine-mediated events in AD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Synthesis, antiretrovirus effects, and phosphorylation kinetics of 3'-isocyano-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-isocyano-2',3'-dideoxyuridine. J Med Chem 1990; 33:845-8. [PMID: 2299647 DOI: 10.1021/jm00164a059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The silylated AzddThd 5 and AzddUrd 6 prepared from 2,3'-anhydronucleoside derivatives 3 and 4 were transformed to formamides 7 and 8 by using the sequence RN3----RN = P(C6H5)----RNHCHO. Formamides 7 and 8 were dehydrated to the protected 3'-isocyano derivatives 9 and 10; deblocking gave 11 and 12. Neither 3'-isocyano-3'-deoxythymidine (11) nor 3'-isocyano-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (12) showed anti-HIV activity at noncytotoxic concentrations. ddThd derivative 11 was considerably more toxic to MT-4 cells than ddUrd derivative 12; it also had a much greater affinity (Ki) for MT-4 cell dThd kinase than ddUrd derivative 12. Both compounds appear to be linear mixed-type inhibitors of MT-4 cell dThd kinase.
Collapse
|
18
|
[Synthesis and antitumor action of N,N-di(2-chlorethyl)-hydrazines of alpha-aminocarboxylic acid antimetabolites]. DIE PHARMAZIE 1989; 44:542-4. [PMID: 2594824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The N,N-di(2-chlorethyl)hydrazides of the following alpha-aminocarboxylic acid antimetabolites: methioninsulphoxide, ethionine, 2-, 3- and 4-fluorophenylalanine, 4-nitrophenylalanine and 2,2-dimethyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid were synthesized. Preliminary studies of the activity on experimental tumour models were carried out. It was shown that these compounds have a high antitumour effect (80-100%) on sarcoma Yoshida and carcinosarcoma Walker.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
3'-Azido-2'3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), a thymidine analogue with potent antiretroviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro, has been shown to confer a clinical benefit in patients with advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, e.g., 2',3'-dideoxy-cytidine and 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, block the infectivity of HIV against helper/inducer T cells in vitro and protect the cell against the cytopathic effect of the virus. The majority of these antiretroviral agents were synthesized more than twenty years ago as analogues of physiologically important deoxynucleosides in the quest of a more effective cancer chemotherapy. None of the synthetic analogues manifested significant activity when screened against L1210 leukemia in BDF mice despite the fact that the phosphorylation reactions, crucial to the activation of the 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, are catalyzed by kinases of appropriate target cells. However, the 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside triphosphates, relative to corresponding deoxynucleotides, have a reduced affinity for DNA polymerase alpha, an enzyme that has key DNA synthetic and repair functions in the life of a cell. In contrast, HIV reverse transcriptase, like host cellular DNA polymerase beta (a repair enzyme) and gamma (a mitochondrial enzyme), is much more susceptible to the inhibitory effects of the dideoxynucleotides. This would explain the activity of the fradulent nucleotides at low concentrations against pathogenic retroviruses vis à vis the low cytoxic activity observed with these agents as anti-leukemia drugs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Novel N-substituted derivatives of acyclovir (1a) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral, antimetabolic, and antitumor cell properties in vitro. Monomethylation of 1a at positions 1, 7, and N-2 gave compounds 2-4, respectively. When positions 1 and N-2 were linked together by an isopropeno group, the tricyclic 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1,N-2-isopropenoguanine (5) was obtained. Compound 5 was then further methylated at positions N-2 and 7 to give 6 and 7, respectively. None of the new acyclovir derivatives showed any appreciable antimetabolic or antitumor cell activity. However, compounds 2 and 5 exhibited a marked antiherpetic activity. Their activity spectrum was similar to that of acyclovir, and their selectivity as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) was at least as great as, if not greater than, that of acyclovir.
Collapse
|
21
|
[Synthesis and antimetabolite properties of 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. Anomeric 5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)- and 5-(2-trifluoroacetylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine]. BIOORGANICHESKAIA KHIMIIA 1987; 13:934-9. [PMID: 3675641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkylation of 2,4-bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)uracil with hexafluoroacetone trifluoroacetylimine gave 5-(2-trifluoroacelylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)uracil, which was transformed by alkaline hydrolysis to 5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)uracil. The latter was glycosytated with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D-ribofyranosyl chloride by means of various modifications of the silyl method leading to the predominant formation of beta-deoxynucleoside; after deacylation 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)ura cil was obtained. Interaction of silylated 5-(2-trifluoroacetylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)uracil with acylgalogenose gave anomeric O-substitutet deoxynucleosides, which were deblocked to give 5-(2-trifluoroacetylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine and corresponding alpha-anomer. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-trifluoroacetyl group in both individual anomers produced 1-(2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)ur acil and the abovementioned beta-anomer. Of all compounds synthesised only 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)ura cil has a moderate inhibitory effect on replication of vaccinia virus in vitro.
Collapse
|
22
|
Purine and 8-substituted purine arabinofuranosyl and ribofuranosyl nucleoside derivatives as potential inducers of the differentiation of the Friend erythroleukemia. J Med Chem 1985; 28:1481-5. [PMID: 3862866 DOI: 10.1021/jm00148a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several antimetabolites have been demonstrated to have the capacity to initiate differentiation in vitro of a variety of leukemic cell lines. To explore the structural requirements for this activity, a series of purine and 8-substituted purine arabinofuranosyl and ribofuranosyl nucleoside derivatives were synthesized and tested as inducers of the differentiation of Friend murine erythroleukemia cells. 9-(beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl)hypoxanthine and 6-(hydroxyamino)-9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine were effective inducers of maturation, producing 82% and 74% benzidine-positive cells, a measure of the number of cells synthesizing hemoglobin. 6-Mercapto-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine and 6-(methylmercapto)-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine and their corresponding beta-D-arabinofuranosyl derivatives were also effective initiators of maturation, causing approximately 50% of the cell population to assume a differentiated phenotype.
Collapse
|
23
|
Antiviral activity, antimetabolic activity, and cytotoxicity of 3'-substituted deoxypyrimidine nucleosides. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74:246-9. [PMID: 2409264 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600740305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity, effect on cellular DNA and RNA synthesis, and cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 2'-deoxythymidine, and their corresponding 3'-p-nitrophenylphosphate and 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate derivatives were determined. The 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate-2'-deoxy-5-methoxymethyluridine derivative was as potent as 5-methoxy-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine in inhibiting herpes simplex viruses; however, 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate-2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine was less potent than 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in inhibiting viral replication. The results suggest that the deoxypyrimidine ribonucleoside kinase has bulk tolerance for substituents at the 3-position of the ribofuranose moiety. The effect on cellular DNA and RNA synthesis and cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells were monitored by studying the incorporation of radioactive precursors. 5-Methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate-2'-deoxy-5-methoxymethyluridine failed to inhibit DNA or RNA synthesis. 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate-2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine decreased incorporation of [3H]deoxyuridine by 50% at 1.0 and 40 microM, respectively. Cytotoxicity (microscopic lesions using monolayer cells) on exposure to 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate-2'-deoxy-5-methoxymethyluridine, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, and 3'-p-aminophenylphosphate-2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine was observed at 3800, 1600, 1.6, and 110 microM, respectively.
Collapse
|
24
|
Prodrugs of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, I. Syntheses and antiviral activities of some 5'-O-acyl derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1984; 317:867-73. [PMID: 6517672 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19843171011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
25
|
[Organofluorines: toxicologic and pharmacochemical implications. II]. IL FARMACO; EDIZIONE PRATICA 1983; 38:57-86. [PMID: 6339272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
26
|
Abstract
6-Substituted 6-deoxy-L-galactose (L-fucose) derivatives were synthesized as potential antimetabolites of L-fucose. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were evaluated on P388 leukemia cells in culture. The L-fucose analogues which showed the most potent growth inhibition were the sulfonyl ester, bromo, and iodo derivatives; since these compounds were all capable of alkylation, it is conceivable that their cytotoxic action is a consequence of this property. In agreement with this interpretation, none of the agents synthesized showed specific inhibition of the incorporation of L-[3H]fucose into glycoprotein.
Collapse
|
27
|
[New types of biologically active nucleoside antimetabolites (proceedings)]. DIE PHARMAZIE 1979; 34:290-2. [PMID: 515122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
28
|
An attempt to apply lethal synthesis to the design of chemotherapeutic agents. Fluorinated 5 beta-(hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazoles. J Med Chem 1979; 22:306-9. [PMID: 106121 DOI: 10.1021/jm00189a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Antimetabolites produced by microorganisms XVI. Synthesis of N5-hydroxy-2-methylarginine and N5-hydroxy-2-methylornithine. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1978; 31:165-9. [PMID: 649511 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.31.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N5-Hydroxy-2-methylornithine and N5-hydroxy-2-methylarginine were synthesized. 2-Amino-5-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid was prepared from 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone and converted to N-(tetrahydro-3-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl) acetamide which was treated with hydrogen bromide affording 2-(acetylamino)-5-bromo-2-methylpentanoic acid. This acid was esterified with methanol and used to alkylate anti-benzaldoxime yielding methyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-methyl-5-[(phenylmethylene)amino]-pentanoate N5-oxide which, upon hydrolysis, yielded N5-hydroxy-2-methylornithine, and, upon aminolysis and short acid-treatment, gave N2-acetyl-N5-hydroxy-2-methylornithinamide. Carbamimidoylation and hydrolysis of the latter compound furnished N5-hydroxy-2-methylarginine.
Collapse
|
30
|
[Ways to search out new drugs via synthesis]. FARMATSEVTYCHNYI ZHURNAL 1977:27-36. [PMID: 881018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
31
|
Synthesis of 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazaguanosine, and 3-deazaguanylic acid by a novel ring closure of imidazole precursors. J Am Chem Soc 1976; 98:1492-8. [PMID: 175107 DOI: 10.1021/ja00422a036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
32
|
Improved methods for production, isolation, and assay of two new chlorisoxazoline amino acid antitumor antimetabolites: U-42, 126 and U43, 795. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1975; 7:807-10. [PMID: 1155921 PMCID: PMC429230 DOI: 10.1128/aac.7.6.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved fermentation and isolation procedures for antitumor antimetabolites U-42,126 and U-43,795 increased drug yields 30-fold. The sensitivity limit of a newly developed assay is 0.03 mug of U-42,126 and 2.0 mug of U-43,795 per ml. The in vitro antimicrobial effect of both drugs was antagonized by histidine.
Collapse
|
33
|
Letter: A new class of potent guanine antimetabolites. Synthesis of 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazaguanosine, and 3-deazaguanylic acid by a novel ring closure of imidazole precursors. J Am Chem Soc 1975; 97:2916. [PMID: 1133342 DOI: 10.1021/ja00843a059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
34
|
[Synthesis of anomeric 1-D-xylofuranosides of pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid]. DOKLADY AKADEMII NAUK SSSR 1975; 220:240-3. [PMID: 1112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
35
|
[Antineoplastic drugs developed in the USSR]. CESKOSLOVENSKA FARMACIE 1974; 23:416-20. [PMID: 4455404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
Syntheses of potential antimetabolites. XV. Syntheses of a sulfonate analog of adenosine 5'-phosphate and an alternative synthesis of 5',8-S-anhydroadenine nucleosides and 5'-deoxyspongoadenosine and its isomers. J Org Chem 1974; 39:1440-4. [PMID: 4545559 DOI: 10.1021/jo00926a033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Antimetabolites produced by microorganisms. IX. Chemical synthesis of N5-hydroxyornithine and N5-hydroxyarginine. J Org Chem 1974; 39:1166-8. [PMID: 4847775 DOI: 10.1021/jo00922a036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Synthesis and antitumor activity of alpha-and beta-2'-deoxy-6-selenoguanosine and certain related derivatives. J Med Chem 1974; 17:263-8. [PMID: 4811220 DOI: 10.1021/jm00249a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
43
|
Antimetabolites of coenzyme Q. 20. Synthesis of new alkyl-5,8-quinoxalinequinones as potential inhibitors of coenzyme Q and as antimalarial drugs. J Med Chem 1973; 16:1310-1. [PMID: 4147839 DOI: 10.1021/jm00269a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
44
|
Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis, but minimally of protein synthesis, in human leukemia cells by a serine antimetabolite. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 51:761-5. [PMID: 4517822 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/51.3.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
45
|
Synthesis and inhibitory activity of new ethylenedioxyquinones as analogs of coenzyme Q. J Med Chem 1973; 16:988-91. [PMID: 4147660 DOI: 10.1021/jm00267a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
46
|
Antimetabolites of coenzyme Q. 14. Quinolinequinone analogs which inhibit mitochondrial DPNH-oxidase and succinoxidase. J Med Chem 1973; 16:206-9. [PMID: 4147386 DOI: 10.1021/jm00261a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
47
|
Antimetabolites of coenzyme Q. 16. New alkylmercaptoquinones having antimalarial curative activity. J Med Chem 1973; 16:115-8. [PMID: 4345639 DOI: 10.1021/jm00260a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
48
|
Folate antagonists. 9. 2,4-Diamino-6-((aralkyl)alkylamino)quinazolines, a potent class of antimetabolites with prodigious antimalarial effects. J Med Chem 1972; 15:1138-46. [PMID: 4631920 DOI: 10.1021/jm00281a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
49
|
Antimetabolites of coenzyme Q. 17. Improved synthesis of 5-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone analogs and their indices. J Med Chem 1972; 15:1135-8. [PMID: 4347549 DOI: 10.1021/jm00281a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
50
|
[Studies on the antimetabolites of nucleic acid. II. Synthesis of N-Mannich bases of 6-azauracil and its biological activities]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1972; 92:1162-5. [PMID: 4678656 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi1947.92.9_1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|