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Scantlebury S, McCormack S, Sawczuk T, Emmonds S, Collins N, Beech J, Ramirez C, Owen C, Jones B. The anthropometric and physical qualities of women’s rugby league Super League and international players; identifying differences in playing position and level. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0249803. [PMID: 35100275 PMCID: PMC8803183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation in women’s rugby league has been growing since the foundation of the English women’s rugby league Super League in 2017. However, the evidence base to inform women’s rugby league remains sparse. This study provides the largest quantification of anthropometric and physical qualities of women’s rugby league players to date, identifying differences between positions (forwards & backs) and playing level (Women’s Super League [WSL] vs. International). The height, weight, body composition, lower body strength, jump height, speed and aerobic capacity of 207 players were quantified during the pre-season period. Linear mixed models and effects sizes were used to determine differences between positions and levels. Forwards were significantly (p < 0.05) heavier (forwards: 82.5 ± 14.8kg; backs: 67.7 ± 9.2kg) and have a greater body fat % (forwards: 37.7 ± 6.9%; backs: 30.4 ± 6.3%) than backs. Backs had significantly greater lower body power measured via jump height (forwards: 23.5 ± 4.4cm; backs: 27.6 ± 4.9cm), speed over 10m (forwards: 2.12 ± 0.14s; backs: 1.98 ± 0.11s), 20m (forwards: 3.71 ± 0.27s; backs: 3.46 ± 0.20s), 30m (forwards: 5.29 ± 0.41s; backs: 4.90 ± 0.33s), 40m (forwards: 6.91 ± 0.61s; backs: 6.33 ± 0.46s) and aerobic capacity (forwards: 453.4 ± 258.8m; backs: 665.0 ± 298.2m) than forwards. Additionally, international players were found to have greater anthropometric and physical qualities in comparison to their WSL counterparts. This study adds to the limited evidence base surrounding the anthropometric and physical qualities of elite women’s rugby league players. Comparative values for anthropometric and physical qualities are provided which practitioners may use to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of players, informing training programs to prepare players for the demands of women’s rugby league.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Scantlebury
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sam McCormack
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Sawczuk
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Built Environment, Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Collins
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Beech
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Ramirez
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Netball, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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El Rafei R, Jarreau PH, Norman M, Maier RF, Barros H, Reempts PV, Pedersen P, Cuttini M, Zeitlin J. Variation in very preterm extrauterine growth in a European multicountry cohort. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021; 106:316-323. [PMID: 33268469 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) among very preterm infants is related to poor neurodevelopment, but lack of consensus on EUGR measurement constrains international research. Our aim was to compare EUGR prevalence in a European very preterm cohort using commonly used measures. DESIGN Population-based observational study. SETTING 19 regions in 11 European countries. PATIENTS 6792 very preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestational age (GA) surviving to discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated two measures based on discharge-weight percentiles with (1) Fenton and (2) Intergrowth (IG) charts and two based on growth velocity (1) birth weight and discharge-weight Z-score differences using Fenton charts and (2) weight-gain velocity using Patel's model. We estimated country-level relative risks of EUGR adjusting for maternal and neonatal characteristics and associations with population differences in healthy newborn size, measured by mean national birth weight at 40 weeks' GA. RESULTS About twofold differences in EUGR prevalence were observed between countries for all indicators and these persisted after case-mix adjustment. Discharge weight <10th percentile using Fenton charts varied from 24% (Sweden) to 60% (Portugal) and using IG from 13% (Sweden) to 43% (Portugal), while low weight-gain velocity ranged from 35% (Germany) to 62% (UK). Mean term birth weight strongly correlated with both percentile-based measures (Spearman's rho=-0.90 Fenton, -0.84 IG, p<0.01), but not Patel's weight-gain velocity (rho: -0.38, p=0.25). CONCLUSIONS Very preterm infants have a high prevalence of EUGR, with wide variations between countries in Europe. Variability associated with mean term birth weight when using common postnatal growth charts complicates international benchmarking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym El Rafei
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team,EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, F-75004, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jarreau
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team,EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, F-75004, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaire Paris Centre Site Cochin, DHU Risks in pregnancy, Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Norman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Felix Maier
- Children's Hospital, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Van Reempts
- Neonatology, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp. Study Centre for Perinatal Epidemiology Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Marina Cuttini
- Clinical Care and Management Innovation Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer Zeitlin
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team,EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, F-75004, Paris, France
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Li R, Liu J, Li Y, Wang Q. Effect of somatometric parameters on the prevalence and severity of varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:11. [PMID: 33472653 PMCID: PMC7816346 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published studies have shown contradictory results regarding the relationship between somatometric parameters and varicoceles. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the possible effects of age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) on the presence and severity of varicoceles. METHODS Databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published up to March 2020. Two researchers independently identified eligible articles and extracted data. Cochran's Q statistic and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed using StataSE 12.0 software (StataCorp LP, USA). Random-effects models were used to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS The search strategy produced 272 articles, of which 18 articles were eligible according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 56,325 patients with varicocele and 1,334,694 patients without varicocele were included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of somatometric parameters on the presence and severity of varicocele. The overall results demonstrated that the presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height (WMD = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.74, P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with BMI (WMD = - 1.35, 95% CI = -1.67 to - 1.03, P < 0.001) but not with age (WMD = -0.93, 95% CI = -2.19 to 0.33, P = 0.149) or weight (WMD = 0.24, 95% CI = -2.24 to 2.72, P = 0.850). The severity of varicocele was inversely correlated with increased BMI but not with age. CONCLUSION The presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height and inversely correlated with BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Li
- The Neonatal Screening Center in Henan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Henan Human Sperm Bank, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Front Kangfu Street, Er'qi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Li
- Henan Human Sperm Bank, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Front Kangfu Street, Er'qi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanxian Wang
- Henan Human Sperm Bank, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Front Kangfu Street, Er'qi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Öztürk S, Kahraman F, Salim H, Acar B, Calguner E, Oğuz Yolcular B, Sindel T, Sindel M. Importance of measurement methods and demographic characteristics in evaluating ulnar variance: A retrospective comparative study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2021; 55:62-66. [PMID: 33650514 DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2021.20064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare 2 methods of ulnar variance (UV) measurement (the perpendicular method and the circular method) and to determine whether UV changed based on the demographic characteristics (sex and age). METHODS UV was measured on bilateral wrist radiographs of 124 patients (62 men, 62 women; mean age=48.5 years; range=18-79 years) who had no history of trauma, congenital wrist anomaly, previous wrist surgery, and wrist osteoarthritis by a single radiologist with 4 years of experience. All measurements were made on standardized radiographic images using 2 methods: the perpendicular method and the circular method. All the patients were then divided into groups based on sex and age, and the study population was determined by selecting a similar number of patients for each sex and age group. RESULTS The mean UV of the right and left wrists was measured as 0.33 (range=-4.3 to 5.7) mm by the perpendicular method and as 0.034 (range=-5 to 5.7) mm by the circular method. A significant difference was determined between the 2 measurement methods (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between sex and UV values in the left wrist measurements by both methods (p<0.05). A significant correlation was found between the UV and age in both right and left side measurements, indicating a statistically significant difference between the methods (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results of our study demonstrated significant differences in the UV measurement between the 2 methods. Furthermore, UV measurement may change based on age and sex. These differences should be considered in the treatment planning of patients with wrist disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Therapeutic Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Öztürk
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Kahraman
- Department of Radiology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hande Salim
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Baver Acar
- Unıversıty of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Engin Calguner
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kyrenia, School of Medicine, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Başak Oğuz Yolcular
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Timur Sindel
- Department of Radiology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Sindel
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Khoshabi P, Nejati E, Ahmadi SF, Chegini A, Makui A, Ghousi R. Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach to compare types of classroom furniture considering mismatches for anthropometric measures of university students. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239297. [PMID: 32941538 PMCID: PMC7498002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mismatch between students’ anthropometric measures and school furniture dimensions have been investigated in many countries. In Iran, collegians spend at least a quarter of the day hours at university in the sitting position, so it is essential to evaluate furniture mismatch among university students. In Iranian universities, the use of chairs with an attached table is widespread, while the study of mismatches in these chairs among the collegian community is rare. This study was aimed to compare and rank different classroom furniture types based on the mismatch between collegians’ anthropometric measures and the dimensions of classroom furniture among Industrial Engineering students by developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach in an integrated Methodology. The sample consisted of 111 participants (71 males, 40 females). Ten anthropometric measures were gathered, together with eight furniture dimensions for four types of chairs. Mismatch analyses were carried out using mismatch equations, and the Simple Additive Weighting method was used as a base method to solve the decision-making problem. The results indicated that Underneath Desk Height and Seat to Desk Clearance showed the highest levels of the match, while Seat Width presents the highest levels of low mismatch. According to the results, Type 1 and Type 3 were the best current classroom furniture. The Sensitivity Analysis was performed in two ways: changing the weights of criteria in nine scenarios and comparing the results with five other MCDM methods. The proposed MCDM approach can be used widely in furniture procurement processes and educational environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Khoshabi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Nejati
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyede Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Chegini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Makui
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Ghousi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Idowu OS, Akindolire AE, Adebayo BE, Adebayo AM, Ariyo O. Determinants of anthropometric characteristics of under-five children in internally displaced persons´ camps in Abuja municipal area council, Abuja, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:313. [PMID: 33193967 PMCID: PMC7603821 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.313.21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION displacement predisposes to deprivation and hunger and consequently malnutrition. In Nigeria, information on anthropometric characteristics and associated factors among displaced under-five children is important to strengthen strategies to ameliorate malnutrition and promote child health. This study was conducted to identify the determinants on anthropometric indices among under-five children in internally displaced persons' camps in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS this cross-sectional study involved 317 mother-child (0-59 months) pairs selected using two-stage simple random sampling technique. Information on socio-demographic, care practices (infant feeding, immunization, deworming) and anthropometric characteristics of index children was obtained using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight and length/height were assessed using standard procedure and analysed using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. RESULTS median age was 24 months, 50.8% were male and 42.3% were delivered at health facility. Only 45.4% were exclusively breastfed, 28.8% were fed complementary foods too early, 45.4% were dewormed in the preceding six months and 43.9% had complete/up-to-date immunisation. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 42%, 41% and 29.3%, respectively. Poor anthropometric indices were higher among male than female children, except wasting. Having good anthropometric index was 2.5 times higher among children <12 months than children ≥37 months (CI: 1.08-5.8), 2.4 times higher among 1st birth order than 5th orders (CI: 0.19-0.93), 1.7 times higher among female than male children (CI: 1.08-2.82). CONCLUSION malnutrition is a major health problem among under-five children in internally displaced camps and major determinants include age, birth order, gender and deworming status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayodeji Matthew Adebayo
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Ariyo
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Annis A, Freitag MB, Evans RR, Wiitala WL, Burns J, Raffa SD, Spohr SA, Damschroder LJ. Construction and Use of Body Weight Measures from Administrative Data in a Large National Health System: A Systematic Review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1205-1214. [PMID: 32478469 PMCID: PMC7384104 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Administrative data are increasingly used in research and evaluation yet lack standardized guidelines for constructing measures using these data. Body weight measures from administrative data serve critical functions of monitoring patient health, evaluating interventions, and informing research. This study aimed to describe the algorithms used by researchers to construct and use weight measures. METHODS A structured, systematic literature review of studies that constructed body weight measures from the Veterans Health Administration was conducted. Key information regarding time frames and time windows of data collection, measure calculations, data cleaning, treatment of missing and outlier weight values, and validation processes was collected. RESULTS We identified 39 studies out of 492 nonduplicated records for inclusion. Studies parameterized weight outcomes as change in weight from baseline to follow-up (62%), weight trajectory over time (21%), proportion of participants meeting weight threshold (46%), or multiple methods (28%). Most (90%) reported total time in follow-up and number of time points. Fewer reported time windows (54%), outlier values (51%), missing values (34%), or validation strategies (15%). CONCLUSIONS A high variability in the operationalization of weight measures was found. Improving methods to construct clinical measures will support transparency and replicability in approaches, guide interpretation of findings, and facilitate comparisons across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Annis
- Center for Clinical Management ResearchVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- College of NursingMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Michelle B. Freitag
- Center for Clinical Management ResearchVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Richard R. Evans
- Center for Clinical Management ResearchVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Wyndy L. Wiitala
- Center for Clinical Management ResearchVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jennifer Burns
- Center for Clinical Management ResearchVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Susan D. Raffa
- National Center for Health Promotion and Disease PreventionVeterans Health AdministrationDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Stephanie A. Spohr
- National Center for Health Promotion and Disease PreventionVeterans Health AdministrationDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Laura J. Damschroder
- Center for Clinical Management ResearchVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Brockmann AN, Eastman A, Ross KM. Frequency and Consistency of Self-Weighing to Promote Weight-Loss Maintenance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1215-1218. [PMID: 32437055 PMCID: PMC7311265 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the roles of frequency and consistency of self-weighing in promoting weight-loss maintenance. METHODS Participants were 74 adults who completed a 3-month internet-based weight-loss program followed by a 9-month no-intervention maintenance period. Frequency of self-weighing was defined as the number of days that participants self-weighed during the maintenance period via a study-provided smart scale. Consistency was defined as the number of weeks that participants self-weighed at a certain frequency, with multiple minimum thresholds examined. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess associations among frequency, consistency, and weight change during the maintenance period. RESULTS Greater consistency was significantly associated with less weight regain when defined as the number of weeks that participants self-weighed on ≥6 d/wk or 7 d/wk (P values < 0.05). Contrary to hypotheses, frequency was not associated with weight change (P = 0.141), and there was not a significant interaction between frequency and consistency. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that consistency of self-weighing may be more important than total frequency for preventing weight regain after the end of a weight-loss program. Further, results suggest that a high level of consistency (self-weighing for ≥6 d/wk or 7 d/wk) may be necessary to promote successful weight-loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Brockmann
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Abraham Eastman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn M Ross
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Tlili M, Landolsi M, Jarrar MS, Khelifi S, Naouar N, Ghannouchi SE. Anthropometric Characteristics of Tunisian Population in Comparison to the World. Tunis Med 2020; 98:413-419. [PMID: 32548845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropometry is the one and only universally applicable, inexpensive and non-invasive method for studying the proportions of the human body. Anthropometric measurements reflect nutritional status and health, but can also be used to predict skills, health status and survival. It is therefore a reliable tool, but currently underused, to guide public health policies. AIM Therefore, this study investigated anthropometric characters of Tunisian people and compared it with those of other nationalities. METHODS 429 subjects have participated in this study (322 men and 107 women), aged between 20 and 85. Anthropometric measurements used in this study were body mass, body size, thigh circumference, lower limbs length and body mass index. RESULTS With an average body size of 171 cm for men and 157 cm for women, Tunisians were close to neighboring countries. Nevertheless, with a body mass of 77.23 kg and 72.66 kg and a BMI of 26.48 and 29.18 respectively for men and women, Tunisia has the highest prevalence of obesity in the region, especially for women. Several anthropometric correlations have also been noticed such as relationships between thigh circumference, BMI, body mass, lower limbs length, and body size. CONCLUSION Obesity is proving to be a public health problem for which effective strategies and measures are needed.
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Braeken MAKA, Bogaerts A. Effect of Lifestyle Interventions in Obese Pregnant Women on the Neurocognitive Development and Anthropometrics of Preschool Children. Obes Facts 2020; 13:256-266. [PMID: 32268328 PMCID: PMC7250361 DOI: 10.1159/000506690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are related to adverse outcomes in women and children. Lifestyle interventions during pregnancy showed positive effects on decreasing weight gain during pregnancy, but effects on offspring's health and wellbeing are unclear. We aimed to assess the effect of lifestyle intervention programmes on offspring mental health, temperament, eating habits and anthropometric and cardiovascular measures. METHODS Ninety-six offspring of pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥29 kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to 3 intervention groups during pregnancy (routine antenatal care, a brochure group or a prenatal session group) and 77 offspring of pregnant women with a normal BMI (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2) were used as an additional control group in this analysis. When the children were between 3 and 7 years old, anthropometric and cardiovascular measurements were conducted and various questionnaires about offspring mental health, temperament and eating habits were filled out. RESULTS Children of mothers who received a brochure-based lifestyle intervention programme showed significantly less surgency/extraversion compared to children of mothers who received routine antenatal care (contrast estimate = -0.36, SE = 0.15, p = 0.02, 95% CI [-6.66, -0.06]) and prenatal lifestyle intervention sessions (contrast estimate = -0.46, SE = 0.14, p < 0.01, 95% CI [-0.74, -0.18]) after adjusting for child's age, sex, offspring birth weight and mother's educational level. The lifestyle intervention could not be associated with any significant differences in offspring mental health, eating habits and anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics. Children of mothers with a normal BMI showed less emotional problems (F(1, 156) = 5.42, p = 0.02) and internalizing (F(1, 156) = 3.04, p = 0.08) and externalizing problems (F(1, 156) = 6.10, p = 0.02) when compared to children of mothers in the obese group. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The results suggest that a brochure-based lifestyle intervention programme can affect the offspring temperament. Future follow-up studies need to investigate how these temperament-related effects may influence obesity development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Anne Katrien Alberta Braeken
- Research Unit Resilient People, Faculty of Health and Social Work, University Colleges Leuven-Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,
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Androutsos O, Anastasiou C, Lambrinou CP, Mavrogianni C, Cardon G, Van Stappen V, Kivelä J, Wikström K, Moreno LA, Iotova V, Tsochev K, Chakarova N, Ungvári T, Jancso Z, Makrilakis K, Manios Y. Intra- and inter- observer reliability of anthropometric measurements and blood pressure in primary schoolchildren and adults: the Feel4Diabetes-study. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:27. [PMID: 32164691 PMCID: PMC7066724 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feel4Diabetes was a large-scale, multicenter lifestyle intervention aiming to prevent type 2 diabetes among families from vulnerable population groups in six European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain). The current study aimed to describe the process that was followed to harmonize and standardize the measurement of anthropometric (weight, height and waist circumference) and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) indices, as well as to assess the intra- and inter- observer reliability of these measurements. METHODS A central training workshop was conducted prior to the baseline measurements of the Feel4Diabetes-intervention. One researcher from each intervention country, as well as 12 adults and 12 children (for the anthropometric measurements) and 21 adults (for the blood pressure measurements) participated in this workshop. Technical Error of Measurement (TEM) and reliability (%R) were calculated to assess the reliability of the indices which were assessed to evaluate the outcome of the Feel4Diabetes-intervention. The Feel4Diabetes-intervention is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT02393872). RESULTS Intra-observer reliability was found to be higher than 99.5% for all anthropometric measurements in both children and adults. Inter-observer reliability was found to be higher than 98% regarding the anthropometric measurements, while for blood pressure measurements %R was 76.62 and 91.38% for systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, respectively. CONCLUSION The central training of the Fee4Diabetes-intervention ensured that the data collected for the outcome evaluation of the Feel4Diabetes-intervention in the six European countries at three different time points (baseline, follow-up 1 and follow-up 2) were valid and comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Costas Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Paulina Lambrinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vicky Van Stappen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jemina Kivelä
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Wikström
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Chakarova
- Department of Diabetology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tímea Ungvári
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jancso
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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Harttgen K, Lang S, Seiler J. Selective mortality and the anthropometric status of children in low- and middle-income countries. Econ Hum Biol 2019; 34:257-273. [PMID: 31047818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite a close relationship between the childrens' anthropometric status and mortality rates, the highest mortality rates are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, while the lowest anthropometric indicators, in particular the height-for-age z-scores, are concentrated in South Asia. This discrepancy should, however, be expected to decrease when one accounts for the survivorship bias, i.e. selective mortality. We analyse whether the survivorship bias can explain these observed differences in three standard anthropometric indicators (stunting, underweight and wasting) by using individual data of children from six waves of Demographic and Health Surveys for a large cross-section of 37 low- and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2016. We use both a matching approach and semi-parametric regression to estimate the values for the anthropometric status of deceased children. The results are twofold: first, both methods reveal that the imputed values for the anthropometric indicators are, on average, between 0.10 and 0.25 standard deviations lower than the observed anthropometric indicators. Second, since the share of deceased children in our sample is below ten per cent, the contribution of the anthropometric status of deceased children to overall anthropometric indicators is small and therefore only influences it marginally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Harttgen
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstr. 37, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Lang
- Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Johannes Seiler
- Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effects of aging on the cervical spine.Outpatients in the study were grouped by age. The cervical spine image in the sagittal plane from participants in the supine position was acquired with MRI. Thoracic inlet angle (TIA), T1 slope (T1S), neck tilt (NT), and cervical angle (CC2-7) were measured.NT and TIA measured 41.84 ± 9.26 and 64.15 ± 10.72 in participants younger than 40, and 53.02 ± 9.52 and 72.09 ± 10.49 in participants older than 40 (P < .01). CC2-7 measured 6.11 ± 9.88 in participants younger than 40, significantly lower compared with participants older than 40, which measured 10.89 ± 11.02 (P = .003). TIS did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = .087). No significant difference was found in all measurements between the female and male participants. Age was moderately correlated with NT (r = 0.466, P < .01) and TIA (r = 0.512, P < .01), but weakly correlated with CC2-7 (r = 0.315, P < .01) and TIS (r = 0.210, P = .005). TIA showed a strong correlation with NT (r = 0.748, P < .01) and a moderate correlation with T1S (r = 0.458, P < .01). Lastly, T1S was strongly correlated with CC2-7 (r = 0.701, P < .01).The result showed that NT, CC2-7, and TIA, but not T1S, increased with age.
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Elmi AF, Grantz KL, Albert PS. An approximate joint model for multiple paired longitudinal outcomes and time-to-event data. Biometrics 2018; 74:1112-1119. [PMID: 29492955 PMCID: PMC7592178 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Joint modeling of multivariate paired longitudinal data and time-to-event data presents computational challenges that supersede full likelihood estimation due to the large dimensional random effects vector needed to capture correlation due to clustering with respect to pairs, subjects, and outcomes. We propose an alternative, computationally simpler approach to estimation of complex shared parameter models where missing data is imputed based on the Posterior Predictive Distribution from a Conditional Linear Model (CLM) approximation. Existing methods for complete data are then implemented to obtain estimates of the event time model parameters. Our method is applied to examine the effects of discordant growth in anthropometric measures of longitudinal fetal growth in twin fetuses and the timing of birth. Simulation results are presented to show that our method performs relatively well with moderate measurement errors under certain CLM approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo F. Elmi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Milken Institute School of Public Health at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, U.S.A
| | - Katherine L. Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, U.S.A
| | - Paul S. Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, U.S.A
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Yao W, Wu X, Huang J, Huang L, Sun Y. Anthropometric Indices Predict the Development of Hypertension in Normotensive and Pre-Hypertensive Middle-Aged Women in Tianjin, China: A Prospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1871-1879. [PMID: 29601569 PMCID: PMC5892460 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between optimal anthropometric indices and their cut-off values and the incidence of hypertension in a cohort of middle-aged women in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 812 women, aged between 40-70 years were recruited between May 2011 and June 2013. An ideal baseline blood pressure was defined as <120/80 mmHg; pre-hypertension was 120-139/80-89 mmHg; hypertension was ≥140/≥90 mmHg. Anthropometric measurements included waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR). The cohort was divided into an ideal blood pressure group (Group 1) and a pre-hypertensive group (Group 2). Two-year follow-up blood pressure measurements were performed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the optimal anthropometric indices and cut-off values for developing hypertension. RESULTS At two-year follow-up, hypertension developed in 9.0% (n=31) in Group 1 and 32.3% (n=121) in Group 2. Logistic regression analysis showed that in both groups, women in the highest quartile for WC, BMI, WHR, and WHtR had a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension compared with the lowest quartile (P<0.05). ROC curve area under the curve (AUC) for these anthropometric indices were greater in Group 1, and for WC in Groups 1 and 2, with the optimal cut-off values greater in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of middle-aged women in China, anthropometric indices of obesity were predictive of the development of hypertension during a two-year follow-up period.
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Kovacs VA, Bakacs M, Kaposvari C, Illes E, Erdei G, Martos E, Breda J. Weight Status of 7-Year-Old Hungarian Children between 2010 and 2016 Using Different Classifications (COSI Hungary). Obes Facts 2018; 11:195-205. [PMID: 29788023 PMCID: PMC6103376 DOI: 10.1159/000487327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity in Hungarian children (age 7.0-7.9 years) according to different classifications, to assess the progress between 2010 and 2016, and to investigate whether tendencies differ according to gender. METHODS A national representative sample was generated by two-stage cluster sampling, and a total of 2,651 children (50.9% boys; age 7.49 ± 0.3 years) were measured (weight and height) in October 2016. Population estimates were calculated using the WHO, IOTF, and national cut-offs. RESULTS Prevalence of thinness (including grade 1 and 2) was 12.6% based on the IOTF criteria and 15.6% based on the WHO definition. 22.5% of children were identified as overweight or obese according to the IOTF classification, compared with 28.4% according to the WHO definition. Between 2010 and 2016, each classification indicated possible stability in overweight and obesity prevalence. In contrast, the prevalence of thinness grade 2 almost doubled in 6 years according to all definitions (p < 0.05). No significant gender difference was observed in the progress. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity appeared to be stable over 6 years, but we detected growing thinness rates. Routine collection of high-quality data that are based on standardized and comparable methods is essential to monitor the childhood obesity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
- *Viktoria Anna Kovacs, MD PhD, Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Florian u. 3/a, 1097 Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Marta Bakacs
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kaposvari
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Illes
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergo Erdei
- Division of Applied Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Martos
- University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joao Breda
- World Health Organization, European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Sonoda C, Fukuda H, Kitamura M, Hayashida H, Kawashita Y, Furugen R, Koyama Z, Saito T. Associations among Obesity, Eating Speed, and Oral Health. Obes Facts 2018; 11:165-175. [PMID: 29669358 PMCID: PMC5981670 DOI: 10.1159/000488533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to understand how eating speed and oral health condition are associated with obesity in Japanese working men. METHODS We studied a total of 863 men attending an annual medical checkup of the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force in Sasebo City, Japan. Participants answered a questionnaire about their eating speed, and we examined their anthropometric status in terms of BMI, waist circumference, and oral health condition, especially periodontal disease and number of functional teeth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounding variables were performed. RESULTS The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for waist circumference greater than 90 cm of the 'very fast' group compared to the 'slow, very slow' group was 5.22 (95% confidence interval 1.81-15.06) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Individuals were more likely to have waist circumference greater than 90 cm if they had a larger 'number of missing functional teeth' (odds ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.28) and severe periodontal disease (odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.13). CONCLUSION Eating speed, the number of missing functional teeth, and severe periodontal disease are associated independently with larger waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikanobu Sonoda
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukuda
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Hideki Fukuda, PhD, Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City,
| | - Masayasu Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashida
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kawashita
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Reiko Furugen
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Zenya Koyama
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Previti E, Salinari S, Bertuzzi A, Capristo E, Bornstein S, Mingrone G. Glycemic control after metabolic surgery: a Granger causality and graph analysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E622-E630. [PMID: 28698280 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00042.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and incretin to insulin resistance and diabetes amelioration after malabsorptive metabolic surgery that induces steatorrhea. In fact, NEFA infusion reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and high-fat diets predict diabetes development. Six healthy controls, 11 obese subjects, and 10 type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects were studied before and 1 mo after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). Twenty-four-hour plasma glucose, NEFA, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) time courses were obtained and analyzed by Granger causality and graph analyses. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were computed by the oral glucose minimal model. Before metabolic surgery, NEFA levels had the strongest influence on the other variables in both obese and T2D subjects. After surgery, GLP-1 and C-peptide levels controlled the system in obese and T2D subjects. Twenty-four-hour GIP levels were markedly reduced after BPD. Finally, not only did GLP-1 levels play a central role, but also insulin and C-peptide levels had a comparable relevance in the network of healthy controls. After BPD, insulin sensitivity was completely normalized in both obese and T2D individuals. Increased 24-h GLP-1 circulating levels positively influenced glucose homeostasis in both obese and T2D subjects who underwent a malabsorptive bariatric operation. In the latter, the reduction of plasma GIP levels also contributed to the improvement of glucose metabolism. It is possible that the combination of a pharmaceutical treatment reducing GIP and increasing GLP-1 plasma levels will contribute to better glycemic control in T2D. The application of Granger causality and graph analyses sheds new light on the pathophysiology of metabolic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Previti
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serenella Salinari
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertuzzi
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Esmeralda Capristo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephan Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy;
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Campagna G, Zampetti S, Gallozzi A, Giansanti S, Chiesa C, Pacifico L, Buzzetti R. Excellent Intra and Inter-Observer Reproducibility of Wrist Circumference Measurements in Obese Children and Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156646. [PMID: 27294398 PMCID: PMC4905645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that wrist circumference, in particular its bone component, was associated with insulin resistance in a population of overweight/obese children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-operator variability in wrist circumference measurement in a population of obese children and adolescents. One hundred and two (54 male and 48 female) obese children and adolescents were consecutively enrolled. In all subjects wrist circumferences were measured by two different operators two times to assess intra- and inter-operator variability. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v.9.4 and JMP v.12. Measurements of wrist circumference showed excellent inter-operator reliability with Intra class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of 0.96 and ICC of 0.97 for the first and the second measurement, respectively. The intra-operator reliability was, also, very strong with a Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) of 0.98 for both operators. The high reproducibility demonstrated in our results suggests that wrist circumference measurement, being safe, non-invasive and repeatable can be easily used in out-patient settings to identify youths with increased risk of insulin-resistance. This can avoid testing the entire population of overweight/obese children for insulin resistance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campagna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Zampetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallozzi
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Giansanti
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacifico
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Karas MG, Yee LM, Biggs ML, Djoussé L, Mukamal KJ, Ix JH, Zieman SJ, Siscovick DS, Gottdiener JS, Rosenberg MA, Kronmal RA, Heckbert SR, Kizer JR. Measures of Body Size and Composition and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Older People: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:998-1007. [PMID: 27188936 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Various anthropometric measures, including height, have been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). This raises questions about the appropriateness of using ratio measures such as body mass index (BMI), which contains height squared in its denominator, in the evaluation of AF risk. Among older adults, the optimal anthropometric approach to risk stratification of AF remains uncertain. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measures were obtained from 4,276 participants (mean age = 72.4 years) free of cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study. During follow-up (1989-2008), 1,050 cases of AF occurred. BMI showed a U-shaped association, whereas height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass, and fat-free mass were linearly related to incident AF. The strongest adjusted association occurred for height (per each 1-standard-deviation increment, hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 1.51), which exceeded all other measures, including weight (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.29). Combined assessment of log-transformed weight and height showed regression coefficients that departed from the 1 to -2 ratio inherent in BMI, indicating a loss of predictive information. Risk estimates for AF tended to be stronger for hip circumference than for waist circumference and for fat-free mass than for fat mass, which was explained largely by height. These findings highlight the prominent role of body size and the inadequacy of BMI as determinants of AF in older adults.
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Foerster J, Hyötyläinen T, Oresic M, Nygren H, Boeing H. Serum Lipid and Serum Metabolite Components in relation to anthropometric parameters in EPIC-Potsdam participants. Metabolism 2015; 64:1348-58. [PMID: 26271139 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Lipidomic and metabolomic techniques become more and more important in human health research. Recent developments in analytical techniques enable the investigation of high amounts of substances. The high numbers of metabolites and lipids that are detected with among others mass spectrometric techniques challenge in most cases the statistical processes to bring out stable and interpretable results. This study targets to use the novel non-established statistical method treelet transform (TT) to investigate high numbers of metabolites and lipids and to compare the results with the established method principal component analysis (PCA). Serum lipid and metabolite profiles are investigated regarding their association to anthropometric parameters associated to obesity. METHODS From 226 participants of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Potsdam study blood samples were investigated with an untargeted metabolomics approach regarding serum metabolites and lipids. Additionally, participants were surveyed anthropometrically to assess parameters of obesity, such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) and body fat mass. TT and PCA are used to generate treelet components (TCs) and factors summarizing serum metabolites and lipids in new, latent variables without too much loss of information. With partial correlations TCs and factors were associated to anthropometry under the control for relevant parameters, such as sex and age. RESULTS TT with metabolite variables (p=121) resulted in 5 stable and interpretable TCs explaining 18.9% of the variance within the data. PCA on the same variables generated 4 quite complex, less easily interpretable factors explaining 37.5% of the variance. TT on lipidomic data (p=353) produced 3 TCs as well as PCA on the same data resulted in 3 factors; the proportion of explained variance was 17.8% for TT and 39.8% for PCA. In both investigations TT ended up with stable components that are easier to interpret than the factors from the PCA. In general, the generated TCs and factors were similar in their structure when the factors are considered regarding the original variables loading high on them. Both TCs and factors showed associations to anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS TT is a suitable statistical method to generate summarizing, latent variables in data sets with more variables than observations. In the present investigation it resulted in similar latent variables compared to the established method of PCA. Whereby less variance is explained by the summarizing constructs of TT compared to the factors of PCA, TCs are easier to interpret. Additionally the resulting TCs are quite stable in bootstrap samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Foerster
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Centre, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Matej Oresic
- Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Centre, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Mazzocchi M, Dessy LA, Fallico N, Alfano C, Scuderi N. Response to "The Value of Two-Dimensional Analysis of Changes in Breast Shape". Aesthet Surg J 2015; 35:NP135-6. [PMID: 26116752 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sju107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mazzocchi
- Dr Mazzocchi is an Assistant Professor and Dr Alfano is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy. Dr Dessy is a Consultant, Dr Fallico is a Resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Andrea Dessy
- Dr Mazzocchi is an Assistant Professor and Dr Alfano is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy. Dr Dessy is a Consultant, Dr Fallico is a Resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nefer Fallico
- Dr Mazzocchi is an Assistant Professor and Dr Alfano is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy. Dr Dessy is a Consultant, Dr Fallico is a Resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Alfano
- Dr Mazzocchi is an Assistant Professor and Dr Alfano is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy. Dr Dessy is a Consultant, Dr Fallico is a Resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Scuderi
- Dr Mazzocchi is an Assistant Professor and Dr Alfano is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy. Dr Dessy is a Consultant, Dr Fallico is a Resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Swanson
- Dr Swanson is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Leawood, Kansas, USA
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Fu L, Wang H, Sun L, Yang Y, Li X, Wang S, Meng X, Wang Z, Ma J. [Correlation between parameters on the shape of body and dissatisfaction against it from parents among children and adolescents]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2015; 36:318-322. [PMID: 25975541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between children and adolescents' body shape parameters and parent's dissatisfaction on it. METHODS Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students and their parents, and height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), skinfold thichness of the students were measured. Body image from parents was studied through the 'Ma body figural shape'. Correlation between body shape parameters and dissatisfaction towards them from the parents was analyzed under both simple- and multiple-level methods. RESULTS The overall prevalence of dissatisfaction on body-shapes from parents was 69.0%, including 28.6% of the parents expecting children to be fat (PEBF) while, 40.4% of the parents expecting their children to be thin (PEBT). In males, parameters as height, weight, WC, HC, skin fold thickness, BMI in PEBT were 1.9 cm, 11.9 kg, 13.2 cm, 8.8 cm, 32.3 mm, 4.7 kg/m² respectively, all higher than the satisfaction from the parents (PBIS) (all P < 0.05), and these parameters were 2.3 cm, 7.1 kg, 7.2 cm, 5.8 cm, 14.1 mm, 2.3 kg/m² higher in PBIS than that of PEBF, respectively (all P < 0.05). In females, parameters as weight, WC, HC, skinfold thickness, BMI in PEBT appeared to be 8.6 kg, 9.1 cm, 6.6 cm, 21.9 mm, 3.5 kg/m² higher than that of PBIS (all P < 0.01), and were 5.5 kg, 5.9 cm, 5.4 cm, 10.4 mm, 1.8 kg/m² higher in PBIS than that of PEBF, respectively, plus the difference of height was 3.6 cm more (P < 0.01). Differences of body shape on parameters between PEBT and PBIS were larger in primary school students than in middle school students. However, the differences of body shape parameters between PBIS and PEBF appeared higher in middle school students than in primary school male students, but were higher in female students in primary than in middle school students. CONCLUSION The prevalence of body dissatisfaction related to children and adolscents' body shape parameters from parents was high. Parents in the PEBT group seemed to have paid more attention to children's body shape parameters at low age. However, parents in PEBF group might have paid more attention to children's body shape parameters at high age in males or at low age in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Personnel, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Yide Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University;
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Bradbury KE, Balkwill A, Tipper SJ, Crowe FL, Reeves GK, Green J, Beral V, Key TJ. The association of plasma IGF-I with dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, and early life factors in postmenopausal women. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:90-5. [PMID: 25641638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher circulating concentrations of insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between circulating IGF-I concentrations and dietary factors (intakes of protein, dairy protein, and alcohol), lifestyle factors (smoking and HT use), anthropometric indices (height and adiposity) and factors in early life (birth weight, having been breastfed, body size at age 10, and at age 20) in postmenopausal women in the UK. DESIGN An analysis of plasma IGF-I concentrations (measured by immunoassay) in 1883 postmenopausal women. Multivariate analysis was used to examine correlates of plasma IGF-I concentrations. RESULTS Women in the highest quintile of total protein and dairy protein intakes had, respectively, 7.6% and 5.5% higher plasma IGF-I concentrations than women in the lowest quintile (p trend <0.05 for both). Other factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with reduced IGF-I concentrations were: consuming 14 or more vs 3-7 alcoholic drinks per week (8.8% lower IGF-I); current vs non-current HT users (9.9% lower IGF-I); current use of oestrogen alone vs oestrogen+progestagen (16.9% lower IGF-I); obese vs overweight (6.8% lower IGF-I); and women who reported wearing larger vs smaller clothes sizes at age 20 (4.9% lower IGF-I). CONCLUSIONS This study in post-menopausal women identified several potentially modifiable determinants of circulating IGF-I concentrations. There is now strong evidence from this and other studies that IGF-I concentrations are associated with dietary protein intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Angela Balkwill
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah J Tipper
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Francesca L Crowe
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
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Ayaz ÜY, Dilli A, Ayaz S, Api A. Ultrasonographic evaluation of ureteral stones in children: can we use stone width as a predictor of spontaneous passage? Med Ultrason 2014; 16:298-303. [PMID: 25463881 DOI: 10.11152/mu.201.3.2066.164.uya1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to obtain the maximum transverse diameters (widths) of ultrasonographically detectable ureteral stones in children and to evaluate the effect of widths on the rate of spontaneous discharge and on the degree of ipsilateral hydronephrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 52 ultrasonographically detected ureteral stones in 51 consecutive patients (32 males, 19 females) with a median age of 9 years (range, 6 months-17 years). RESULTS In group 1, in which the stones passed spontaneously (n=29), sonographically measured median and mean widths of ureteral stones were 3.8 mm (range, 2.3-7.3 mm) and 4.1+/-1.3 mm, respectively. In group 2, in which the stones required surgical procedures (n=23), median and mean widths were 5.9 mm (range, 3.9-10.0 mm) and 5.9+/-1.8 mm, respectively. The difference between widths in group 1 and group 2 was significant (p=0.001). With regard to the whole study group (n=52), the majority of the stones below 4.0 mm (88.9%, n=16/18) were passed spontaneously and 2/3 of the stones above 5.0 mm required intervention (66.7%, n=12/18). The width range of 4.0-5.0 mm can be accepted as "range of transition" for spontaneous passage and surgical procedures. The stone width was different in patients with mild and severe pelvicaliectasis (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In children, measuring the width of an ultrasonographically detectable ureteral stone can be useful for assessing its possibility to be passed spontaneously. Pelvicaliectasis should be an alerting sign for the presence of an occult ipsilateral ureteral stone in a symptomatic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Yaşar Ayaz
- Department of Radiology, Mersin Women's and Children's Hospital, Mersin,Turkey.
| | - Alper Dilli
- Department of Radiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Sevin Ayaz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mersin State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Arman Api
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mersin Women's and Children's Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
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Teitelbaum S. Commentary on: evidence-based evaluation technique to assess augmentation mammaplasty results: a simple method to objectively analyze mammary symmetry and position. Aesthet Surg J 2014; 34:1221-4. [PMID: 25205857 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x14550184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Teitelbaum
- Dr Teitelbaum is an Associate Clinical Professor of Plastic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Mazzocchi M, Dessy LA, Fallico N, Alfano C, Scuderi N. Evidence-based evaluation technique to assess augmentation mammaplasty results: a simple method to objectively analyze mammary symmetry and position. Aesthet Surg J 2014; 34:1205-20. [PMID: 25270545 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x14545617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the great variety of mammaplasty techniques, outcome assessment remains a challenging issue. OBJECTIVES The authors devised an objective method to evaluate mammary symmetry based on statistical analysis of objective manual breast measurements and validated the method by applying it to results of a randomized controlled trial on the correction of breast asymmetry. METHODS Sixty consecutive patients with hypoplastic breasts and small-volume asymmetry were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. One group received a fixed-volume implant in 1 breast and an adjustable-volume implant in the other. The other group received 2 fixed-volume implants of different sizes. The differences in specific breast and chest measurements, obtained before surgery and during follow-up, were analyzed statistically with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS Correction of the asymmetry resulted in the reduction of the differences between left and right values for each specific breast measurement. Placement of an adjustable implant on 1 side yielded better symmetry than placement of 2 fixed-volume prostheses of different sizes. Patient and physician satisfaction was high for both groups. CONCLUSIONS This objective analysis of clinical parameters enables comparing results for different patients in large clinical trials and for the same patient at different follow-up periods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mazzocchi
- Dr Mazzocchi is an assistant professor and Dr Alfano is head professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, ItalyDr Dessy is a consultant, Dr Fallico is a resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Andrea Dessy
- Dr Mazzocchi is an assistant professor and Dr Alfano is head professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, ItalyDr Dessy is a consultant, Dr Fallico is a resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nefer Fallico
- Dr Mazzocchi is an assistant professor and Dr Alfano is head professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, ItalyDr Dessy is a consultant, Dr Fallico is a resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Alfano
- Dr Mazzocchi is an assistant professor and Dr Alfano is head professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, ItalyDr Dessy is a consultant, Dr Fallico is a resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Scuderi
- Dr Mazzocchi is an assistant professor and Dr Alfano is head professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Perugia, ItalyDr Dessy is a consultant, Dr Fallico is a resident, and Dr Scuderi is Head Professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
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Albin TJ, Vink P. An empirical description of the dispersion of 5th and 95th percentiles in worldwide anthropometric data applied to estimating accommodation with unknown correlation values. Work 2014; 52:3-10. [PMID: 24962298 DOI: 10.3233/wor-141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropometric data are assumed to have a Gaussian (Normal) distribution, but if non-Gaussian, accommodation estimates are affected. When data are limited, users may choose to combine anthropometric elements by Combining Percentiles (CP) (adding or subtracting), despite known adverse effects. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether global anthropometric data are Gaussian distributed. It compared the Median Correlation Method (MCM) of combining anthropometric elements with unknown correlations to CP to determine if MCM provides better estimates of percentile values and accommodation. METHOD Percentile values of 604 male and female anthropometric data drawn from seven countries worldwide were expressed as standard scores. The standard scores were tested to determine if they were consistent with a Gaussian distribution. Empirical multipliers for determining percentile values were developed.In a test case, five anthropometric elements descriptive of seating were combined in addition and subtraction models. Percentile values were estimated for each model by CP, MCM with Gaussian distributed data, or MCM with empirically distributed data. RESULTS The 5th and 95th percentile values of a dataset of global anthropometric data are shown to be asymmetrically distributed. MCM with empirical multipliers gave more accurate estimates of 5th and 95th percentiles values. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric data are not Gaussian distributed. The MCM method is more accurate than adding or subtracting percentiles.
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Ito E, Tsuiki S, Namba K, Takise Y, Inoue Y. Upper airway anatomical balance contributes to optimal continuous positive airway pressure for Japanese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; 10:137-42. [PMID: 24532996 PMCID: PMC3899315 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine whether the upper airway anatomical balance, as reflected by tongue size relative to maxillomandibular size, is related to optimal nasal continuous positive airway pressure (PnCPAP). METHODS Sixty-six male Japanese obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients (median apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] = 33.9 episodes/h [10th/90th percentile = 19.5/59.9], median body mass index [BMI] = 25.1 kg/m(2) [10th/90th percentile = 21.2/30.4]) were recruited. All patients underwent standard polysomnography (PSG), and PnCPAP was determined by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) titration. The anatomical balance was defined as the tongue area (TG) divided by the lower face cage (LFC) measured on cephalometry. A predictive equation of PnCPAP was created using demographic, polysomnographic, and cephalometric variables. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between PnCPAP and descriptive variables, including BMI, AHI, lowest SpO2, distance from the anterosuperior point of the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane (MP-H), and TG/LFC. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that AHI and TG/LFC were independent predictors of PnCPAP. The predictive equation was: PnCPAP = 1.000 + 0.043 × AHI + 9.699 × TG / LFC, which accounted for 28.0% of the total variance in PnCPAP (R(2) = 0.280, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Anatomical balance of upper airway in addition to the severity of OSAS is an important contributing factor for PnCPAP in Japanese OSAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Ito
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Yoyogi Sleep Disorder Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuiki
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Yoyogi Sleep Disorder Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Yoyogi Sleep Disorder Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Onal S, Lai-Yuen S, Bao P, Weitzenfeld A, Greene K, Kedar R, Hart S. Assessment of a semiautomated pelvic floor measurement model for evaluating pelvic organ prolapse on MRI. Int Urogynecol J 2014; 25:767-73. [PMID: 24429795 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a semiautomated pelvic floor measurement algorithmic model on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images compared with manual pelvic floor measurements for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) evaluation. METHODS We examined 15 MRIs along the midsagittal view. Five reference points used for pelvic floor measurements were identified both manually and using our semiautomated measurement model. The two processes were compared in terms of accuracy and precision. RESULTS The semiautomated pelvic floor measurement model provided highly consistent and accurate locations for all reference points on MRI. Results also showed that the model can identify the reference points faster than the manual-point identification process. CONCLUSION The semiautomated pelvic floor measurement model can be used to facilitate and improve the process of pelvic floor measurements on MRI. This will enable high throughput analysis of MRI data to improve the correlation analysis with clinical outcomes and potentially improve POP assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Onal
- Department of Industrial & Management Systems Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ENB 118, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA,
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Falola SM, Gouthon P, Falola JM, Fiogbe MA, Nigan IB. Relation entre les caractéristiques des table-bancs et les mesures anthropométriques des écoliers au Benin. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:284. [PMID: 25317232 PMCID: PMC4194198 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.284.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stève Marjelin Falola
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Performance, Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin ; Laboratoire APS et Motricité, Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Polycarpe Gouthon
- Laboratoire APS et Motricité, Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Jean-Marie Falola
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Performance, Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin ; Laboratoire APS et Motricité, Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin ; Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Education, Sport, Santé (LMHESS), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Michel Armand Fiogbe
- Unité de Recherche en Chirurgie Pédiatrique (URCP), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Issiako Bio Nigan
- Laboratoire APS et Motricité, Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity or fat distribution influence the quality of life of postmenopausal women. METHODS Subjects in this cross-sectional study were 233 postmenopausal women (aged 45-70 years) with an intact uterus and ovaries and who were sexually active and not using hormone therapy. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and subjects were interviewed using a specific health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) instrument, the MENQoL scale. RESULTS According to BMI values, 31.5% of the women were obese, 42.2% were overweight, 25.8% were normal weight and none were underweight. However, according to the MENQOL scale results, obese women scored significantly higher on symptoms for physical domains. The women with the android pattern of fat distribution had significantly higher scores in the vasomotor and physical domains (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obesity did not affect global HR-QoL in postmenopausal women, but appeared to have an influence on the psychical domains. Other anthropometric measurements were not associated with differences in HR-QoL. Keeping the anthropometric indices in the normal/premenopausal might improve the quality of life in menopause women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Ghazanfarpour
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Msyamboza KP, Kathyola D, Dzowela T. Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in adult Malawians: nationwide population based NCD STEPS survey. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 15:108. [PMID: 24244794 PMCID: PMC3828071 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.15.108.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are significant causes of increased morbidity and premature mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, although local high quality population-based data to inform policies and strategies are lacking. METHODS Using the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance, population-based nationwide survey was conducted on participants aged 25-64 years in Malawi. A multi-stage cluster sample design and weighting were used to produce a national representative data for that age range. RESULTS A total of 4845 participants (65.7% females, 87.6% from rural areas) had complete anthropometric data and included in this analysis. Overall (both sexes) population-based mean body weight, height, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol were estimated at 58.7 kg, 159.9 cm, 133.4 mmHg, 79.5 mmHg, 4.3 mmol/L, 4.4 mmol/L respectively. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, overweight and/ or obesity and central adiposity were 6.5%, 17.3%, 4.6%, 21.9% and 28.8% respectively. Overweight, obesity, overweight and/ or obesity and central adiposity were more frequent in females than males (20.7% vs 14.1%, 7.4% vs 2.0%, 28.1% vs 16.1% and 52.8% vs 5.6%), in urban than rural areas (23.2% vs 16.6%, 12.0% vs 3.7%, 35.2% vs 20.2%) respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that overweight and/ or obesity is the major public health problem affecting at least one in five adults in Malawi. The problem is more frequent in females than males and urban than rural. Implementation of primary health care approaches such as WHO package for essential non-communicable diseases could reduce the problem.
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Baab KL, McNulty KP, Harvati K. Homo floresiensis contextualized: a geometric morphometric comparative analysis of fossil and pathological human samples. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69119. [PMID: 23874886 PMCID: PMC3707875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of hominins found on the remote Indonesian island of Flores remains highly contentious. These specimens may represent a new hominin species, Homo floresiensis, descended from a local population of Homo erectus or from an earlier (pre-H. erectus) migration of a small-bodied and small-brained hominin out of Africa. Alternatively, some workers suggest that some or all of the specimens recovered from Liang Bua are pathological members of a small-bodied modern human population. Pathological conditions proposed to explain their documented anatomical features include microcephaly, myxoedematous endemic hypothyroidism (“cretinism”) and Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity). This study evaluates evolutionary and pathological hypotheses through comparative analysis of cranial morphology. Geometric morphometric analyses of landmark data show that the sole Flores cranium (LB1) is clearly distinct from healthy modern humans and from those exhibiting hypothyroidism and Laron syndrome. Modern human microcephalic specimens converge, to some extent, on crania of extinct species of Homo. However in the features that distinguish these two groups, LB1 consistently groups with fossil hominins and is most similar to H. erectus. Our study provides further support for recognizing the Flores hominins as a distinct species, H. floresiensis, whose affinities lie with archaic Homo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Baab
- Department of Anthropology and Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kieran P. McNulty
- Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory and Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Riggs P, Cuff T. Ladies from hell, Aberdeen free gardeners, and the Russian influenza: an anthropometric analysis of WWI-era Scottish soldiers and civilians. Econ Hum Biol 2013; 11:69-77. [PMID: 22520144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyze data on the height of Scottish men, both civilians and members of the military forces serving in World War I measured in the 1910s, in order to provide another window into the biological well-being of late nineteenth-century birth cohorts. The evidence indicates that rural residents still had a distinct height advantage over their urban counterparts and that military men displayed a slower growth profile than did civilians, but mean heights for the two groups of adults were similar. Mean stature for both groups is well above those found by Floud for British troops born in the 1880s and greater than that of Scottish convicts from the 1830s. Men who were in utero between 1889 and 1893 were slightly stunted, "marked for life" by an encounter with the Russian influenza which struck the region repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Riggs
- Valdosta State University, 1500 North Patterson St., Valdosta, GA 31698, USA.
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Razafimanantsoa F, Razafindramaro N, Raherimandimby H, Robinson A, RakotoAlson O, Rasamindrakotroka A. Profil anthropométrique des enfants scolarisés tananariviens. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 16:62. [PMID: 24711862 PMCID: PMC3976650 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.16.62.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Les enfants tananariviens sont en état de malnutrition chronique. Notre objectif est d’évaluer l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) pour estimer les enfants apparemment "sains". Une enquête et une mesure de la taille et du poids des enfants scolarisés tananariviens de 6 à 11 ans ont été réalisées. Après leur accord, la taille et l'indice de masse corporelle des 442 enfants tirés au hasard ont été ainsi obtenus. L'analyse de la moyenne de la taille a révélé une différence significative à 8 ans, une différence non évidente sur l'indice de masse corporelle. La comparaison avec les valeurs de référence (OMS 2006) a montré un retard statural de 34% avec une tendance globale à la hausse et un déficit pondéral égal à 5,5% selon le z score. Ainsi, au sein d'une population malnutrie, l'indice de masse corporelle pourrait être utilisé comme un des paramètres à considérer dans l’évaluation de l’état de santé pour classer ces enfants en bonne santé apparente.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Annick Robinson
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHME Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Olivat RakotoAlson
- Service de Biologie, CHU RavoahangyAndrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Faschingbauer F, Voigt F, Goecke TW, Siemer J, Beckmann MW, Yazdi B, Schild RL. Fetal weight estimation in extreme macrosomia (≥ 4,500 g): comparison of 10 formulas. Ultraschall Med 2012; 33:E62-E67. [PMID: 22179801 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the accuracy of 10 commonly used weight estimation formulas in a group of fetuses with extreme macrosomia ( ≥ 4 ,500 g). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten formulas were evaluated in a group of 174 fetuses with a birth weight (BW) ≥ 4 ,500 g. Each fetus underwent ultrasound examination with complete biometric parameters within 7 days of delivery. The accuracy of the different formulas for fetal weight estimation (EFW) was compared by mean percentage error (MPE), median of the absolute percentage error (MAPE), the "limits-of-agreement" method and the percentage of EFW falling within the 10 % range of the true birth weight. RESULTS MPE showed the largest deviation from zero with the Schild formula (MPE - 15.43 %) and the Shepard formula (MPE + 6.08 %) and was closest to zero with the Hadlock II formula (MPE - 5.34 %). The MPE of all formulas showed significant bias when compared to zero. All tested formulas, except the Shepard and Shinozuka equations, significantly underestimated fetal weight. The lowest MAPE was found for the Merz formula (7.23 %). The Hadlock II formula obtained the highest percentage of EWF within the 10 % range of the true birth weight (66.1 %). CONCLUSION Exact weight estimation in extreme macrosomia remains an unsolved problem, and can therefore only conditionally provide a sufficient basis for clinical decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faschingbauer
- Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen
| | - F Voigt
- Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen
| | - T W Goecke
- Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen
| | - J Siemer
- Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Krankenhaus Ludmillenstift, Meppen
| | - M W Beckmann
- Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen
| | - B Yazdi
- Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen
| | - R L Schild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonie Hospitals, Hannover
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Xu Y, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Wang C, Cai G. [Analysis of young male anthropometric parameters for design of driving and operations in cars]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2012; 29:429-433. [PMID: 22826933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fitting formulas of typical parameters were obtained through analysis of anthropometric parameters of armored car driver and operators. These formulas could be a basis for design of product and equipment of cars, cumulating and updating of basic data of similar sample and edition of relative standards. 76 anthropometric static parameters and 11 functional parameters were chosen, and 1 243 soldiers with armored forces were chosen to be tested. The correlation and fitting formulas of body height, sitting height and other parameters were measured and obtained. We also contrasted measured data with data from GJB1835-1993. The present analysis showed that the correlation between sizes of body length and body height and sitting height was significant. Sizes of body length and enclose size and width direction were all increased compared to those in the 1980s. The present results were consistent with other researchers' current research results. The measured data could be an important basis for the data of young male anthropometric parameters and edition of relative standards and design of specific equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- Human Factor Lab, Astronaut Center of China, Beijing 100193, China
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Ayele B, Aemere A, Gebre T, Tadesse Z, Stoller NE, See CW, Yu SN, Gaynor BD, McCulloch CE, Porco TC, Emerson PM, Lietman TM, Keenan JD. Reliability of measurements performed by community-drawn anthropometrists from rural Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30345. [PMID: 22291939 PMCID: PMC3265464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition is an important risk factor for childhood mortality, and remains a major problem facing many developing countries. Millennium Development Goal 1 calls for a reduction in underweight children, implemented through a variety of interventions. To adequately judge the impact of these interventions, it is important to know the reproducibility of the main indicators for undernutrition. In this study, we trained individuals from rural communities in Ethiopia in anthropometry techniques and measured intra- and inter-observer reliability. METHODS AND FINDINGS We trained 6 individuals without prior anthropometry experience to perform weight, height, and middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements. Two anthropometry teams were dispatched to 18 communities in rural Ethiopia and measurements performed on all consenting pre-school children. Anthropometry teams performed a second independent measurement on a convenience sample of children in order to assess intra-anthropometrist reliability. Both teams measured the same children in 2 villages to assess inter-anthropometrist reliability. We calculated several metrics of measurement reproducibility, including the technical error of measurement (TEM) and relative TEM. In total, anthropometry teams performed measurements on 606 pre-school children, 84 of which had repeat measurements performed by the same team, and 89 of which had measurements performed by both teams. Intra-anthropometrist TEM (and relative TEM) were 0.35 cm (0.35%) for height, 0.05 kg (0.39%) for weight, and 0.18 cm (1.27%) for MUAC. Corresponding values for inter-anthropometrist reliability were 0.67 cm (0.75%) for height, 0.09 kg (0.79%) for weight, and 0.22 kg (1.53%) for MUAC. Inter-anthropometrist measurement error was greater for smaller children than for larger children. CONCLUSION Measurements of height and weight were more reproducible than measurements of MUAC and measurements of larger children were more reliable than those for smaller children. Community-drawn anthropometrists can provide reliable measurements that could be used to assess the impact of interventions for childhood undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abaineh Aemere
- Goncha Siso Enese Woreda Health Office, Gindewoin, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Nicole E. Stoller
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Craig W. See
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sun N. Yu
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Gaynor
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Charles E. McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Travis C. Porco
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Emerson
- The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Keenan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Galobardes B, McCormack VA, McCarron P, Howe LD, Lynch J, Lawlor DA, Smith GD. Social inequalities in height: persisting differences today depend upon height of the parents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29118. [PMID: 22238588 PMCID: PMC3253075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial increases in height have occurred concurrently with economic development in most populations during the last century. In high-income countries, environmental exposures that can limit genetic growth potential appear to have lessened, and variation in height by socioeconomic position may have diminished. The objective of this study is to investigate inequalities in height in a cohort of children born in the early 1990s in England, and to evaluate which factors might explain any identified inequalities. Methods and Findings 12,830 children from The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population based cohort from birth to about 11.5 years of age, were used in this analysis. Gender- and age-specific z-scores of height at different ages were used as outcome variables. Multilevel models were used to take into account the repeated measures of height and to analyze gender- and age-specific relative changes in height from birth to 11.5 years. Maternal education was the main exposure variable used to examine socioeconomic inequalities. The roles of parental and family characteristics in explaining any observed differences between maternal education and child height were investigated. Children whose mothers had the highest education compared to those with none or a basic level of education, were 0.39 cm longer at birth (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.48). These differences persisted and at 11.5 years the height difference was 1.4 cm (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.74). Several other factors were related to offspring height, but few changed the relationship with maternal education. The one exception was mid-parental height, which fully accounted for the maternal educational differences in offspring height. Conclusions In a cohort of children born in the 1990s, mothers with higher education gave birth to taller boys and girls. Although height differences were small they persisted throughout childhood. Maternal and paternal height fully explained these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Galobardes
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Causal Analysis in Translation Epidemiology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
AIMS To set references and evaluate the associations between the predictive powers of the anthropometric indices of obesity, particularly central obesity, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHpR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR), and the risk factor accumulations of ≥ 2 of the components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of Jordanian men and women. METHODS Five hundreds subjects were randomly selected from among the visitors attending several family clinics in Amman. Obesity was assessed using BMI, WC, WHpR and WHtR anthropometric indices. MS risk factors as defined by the International Diabetes Federation were determined. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive powers and the cut off points of each index associated with increased MS risk. RESULTS There were 212 men and 288 women with age ranged 20-85 years. Optimal cut off points of BMI, WC, WHpR for MS diagnosis in men were 28.4 kg/m(2), 97.8 cm and 0.89, respectively. In women, these were 30.3 kg/m(2), 95.6 cm and 0.84, respectively. WHtR was 0.61 in both genders. Area under the curve (AUC) of ROC analysis for identifying of MS (≥ 2 risk factors) was the highest for WHpR (AUC=0.71), followed by WHtR (AUC=0.67), WC (AUC=0.64) and BMI (AUC=0.59) in men; whereas in women WHpR, WHtR and WC were almost equal (AUC=0.76, 0.75 and 0.74, respectively), followed by BMI (AUC=0.67). Correlation coefficients (r) between WHpR and MS risk factors were the strongest among the other obesity indices, followed by WC and WHtR. WHpR correlated significantly with FBG (r=0.27, p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.20, p<0.01), TGs (r=0.24, p<0.01) and HDL-C (r=-0.39, p<0.01). The respective r-values between WC and WHtR and each MS risk factors were: FBG (r=0.15, p<0.001 or r=0.13, p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.16, p<0.01 or r=0.11, p<0.05), TGs (r=0.20, p<0.01 or r=0.14, p<0.01) and HDL-C (r=-0.25, p<0.01 or r=-0.11, p<0.01). CONCLUSION This study showed that BMI tended to be the weakest index for identifying MS risk factors in both sexes. WHpR exhibited the best predictive index for MS, particularly in men. Almost similar predictive powers of WHtR, WHpR and WC for identifying MS risk factors were seen in women. WHtR had the highest sensitivity for MS diagnosis among obesity indices in men and its boundary value was the same for both men and women. These cut off values of obesity particularly waist circumference should be advocated and used in Arab Jordanians until larger cross sectional studies shows different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Zaal Al-Odat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Hughes LAE, Simons CCJM, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, van Engeland M, Weijenberg MP. Body size and colorectal cancer risk after 16.3 years of follow-up: an analysis from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:1127-39. [PMID: 21984660 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body size may differentially influence risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by anatomic location. The Netherlands Cohort Study includes 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years who self-reported weight, height, and trouser/skirt size at baseline (1986), as well as weight at age 20 years. Derived variables included body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), BMI at age 20 years, and BMI change. After 16.3 years of follow-up (1986-2002), 2,316 CRC cases were available for case-cohort analysis. In men, the highest risk estimates were observed for body fat (per 5-unit increase in BMI, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.46; for highest quintile of trouser size vs. lowest, HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.29 (P-trend = 0.02)) and appeared more closely associated with distal colon tumors (for BMI (5-unit increase), HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.79; for highest quintile of trouser size, HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.55, 4.24 (P-trend < 0.01)) than with proximal colon or rectal tumors. In women, body fat was not associated with CRC risk unless it was considered simultaneously with physical activity; a large trouser/skirt size and a low level of physical activity increased risk for all subtypes. Height was associated with risk of CRC, especially distal colon tumors (highest quintile vs. lowest: HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.27; P-trend = 0.05), in women only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A E Hughes
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Science, MaastrichtUniversity, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Wells J. How should pediatricians in India address behavior patterns associated with childhood obesity? Indian Pediatr 2011; 48:763-4. [PMID: 22080679 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-011-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Petursson H, Sigurdsson JA, Bengtsson C, Nilsen TIL, Getz L. Body configuration as a predictor of mortality: comparison of five anthropometric measures in a 12 year follow-up of the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26621. [PMID: 22028926 PMCID: PMC3197688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distribution of body fat is more important than the amount of fat as a prognostic factor for life expectancy. Despite that, body mass index (BMI) still holds its status as the most used indicator of obesity in clinical work. METHODS We assessed the association of five different anthropometric measures with mortality in general and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in particular using Cox proportional hazards models. Predictive properties were compared by computing integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement for two different prediction models. The measures studied were BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The study population was a prospective cohort of 62,223 Norwegians, age 20-79, followed up for mortality from 1995-1997 to the end of 2008 (mean follow-up 12.0 years) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2). RESULTS After adjusting for age, smoking and physical activity WHR and WHtR were found to be the strongest predictors of death. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality per increase in WHR of one standard deviation were 1.23 for men and 1.27 for women. For WHtR, these HRs were 1.24 for men and 1.23 for women. WHR offered the greatest integrated discrimination improvement to the prediction models studied, followed by WHtR and waist circumference. Hip circumference was in strong inverse association with mortality when adjusting for waist circumference. In all analyses, BMI had weaker association with mortality than three of the other four measures studied. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds further knowledge to the evidence that BMI is not the most appropriate measure of obesity in everyday clinical practice. WHR can reliably be measured and is as easy to calculate as BMI and is currently better documented than WHtR. It appears reasonable to recommend WHR as the primary measure of body composition and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halfdan Petursson
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Trimble MJ, van Aarde RJ, Ferreira SM, Nørgaard CF, Fourie J, Lee PC, Moss CJ. Age determination by back length for African savanna elephants: extending age assessment techniques for aerial-based surveys. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26614. [PMID: 22028925 PMCID: PMC3197571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the age of individuals in a population can lead to a better understanding of population dynamics through age structure analysis and estimation of age-specific fecundity and survival rates. Shoulder height has been used to accurately assign age to free-ranging African savanna elephants. However, back length may provide an analog measurable in aerial-based surveys. We assessed the relationship between back length and age for known-age elephants in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, and Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. We also compared age- and sex-specific back lengths between these populations and compared adult female back lengths across 11 widely dispersed populations in five African countries. Sex-specific Von Bertalanffy growth curves provided a good fit to the back length data of known-age individuals. Based on back length, accurate ages could be assigned relatively precisely for females up to 23 years of age and males up to 17. The female back length curve allowed more precise age assignment to older females than the curve for shoulder height does, probably because of divergence between the respective growth curves. However, this did not appear to be the case for males, but the sample of known-age males was limited to ≤27 years. Age- and sex-specific back lengths were similar in Amboseli National Park and Addo Elephant National Park. Furthermore, while adult female back lengths in the three Zambian populations were generally shorter than in other populations, back lengths in the remaining eight populations did not differ significantly, in support of claims that growth patterns of African savanna elephants are similar over wide geographic regions. Thus, the growth curves presented here should allow researchers to use aerial-based surveys to assign ages to elephants with greater precision than previously possible and, therefore, to estimate population variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J. Trimble
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rudi J. van Aarde
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Sam M. Ferreira
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Camilla F. Nørgaard
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Fourie
- Conservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Phyllis C. Lee
- Amboseli Trust for Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya
- Behaviour and Evolution Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Milde K, Tomaszewski P, Majcher A, Pyrżak B, Stupnicki R. [Body proportions of healthy and short stature adolescent girls]. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2011; 17:195-200. [PMID: 22248779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regularly conducted assessment of body proportions is of importance as early detection of possible growth disorders and immediate prevention may allow gathering an optimum of child's genetically conditioned level of development. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess body proportions of adolescent girls, healthy or with growth deficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three groups were studied: 104 healthy, short-statured girls (body height below the 10th percentile), 84 girls with Turner's syndrome (ZT) and 263 healthy girls of normal stature (between percentiles 25 and 75), all aged 11-15 years. The following measurements were conducted according to common anthropometric standards: body height, sitting body height, shoulder width, upper extremity length and lower extremity length - the last one was computed as the difference between standing and sitting body heights. All measurements were converted to logarithms and allometric linear regressions vs log body height were computed. RESULTS The Turner girls proved to have allometrically shorter legs (p<0.001) and wider shoulders (p<0.001) compared with both groups of healthy girls, and longer upper extremities (p<0.001) compared with the girls of normal stature. Healthy, short-statured girls had longer lower extremities (p<0.001) as compared to other groups; they also had wider shoulders (p<0.001) and longer upper extremities (p<0.001) compared to healthy girls of normal height. CONCLUSIONS Allometric relations of anthropometric measurements enable a deeper insight into the body proportions, especially in the growth period. The presented discrimination of Turner girls may serve as a screening test, and recommendation for further clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Milde
- Zakład Statystyki i Informatyki Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie.
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Marklin RW, Saginus KA, Seeley P, Freier SH. Comparison of anthropometry of U.S. electric utility field-workers with North American general populations. Hum Factors 2010; 52:643-662. [PMID: 21284367 DOI: 10.1177/0018720810383012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether conventional anthropometric databases of the U.S. general population are applicable to the population of U.S. electric utility field-workers. BACKGROUND On the basis of anecdotal observations, field-workers for electric power utilities were thought to be generally taller and larger than the general population. However, there were no anthropometric data available on this population, and it was not known whether the conventional anthropometric databases could be used to design for this population. METHOD For this study, 3 standing and II sitting anthropometric measurements were taken from 187 male field-workers from three electric power utilities located in the upper Midwest of the United States and Southern California. The mean and percentile anthropometric data from field-workers were compared with seven well-known conventional anthropometric databases for North American males (United States, Canada, and Mexico). RESULTS In general, the male field-workers were taller and heavier than the people in the reference databases for U.S. males. The field-workers were up to 2.3 cm taller and 10 kg to 18 kg heavier than the averages of the reference databases. CONCLUSION This study was justified, as it showed that the conventional anthropometric databases of the general population underestimated the size of electric utility field-workers, particularly with respect to weight. APPLICATION When designing vehicles and tools for electric utility field-workers, designers and ergonomists should consider the population being designed for and the data from this study to maximize safety, minimize risk of injuries, and optimize performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Marklin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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