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Babin KM, Gostynska SE, Karim JA, Pioszak AA. Variable CGRP family peptide signaling durations and the structural determinants thereof. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116235. [PMID: 38670438 PMCID: PMC11102832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptides alpha and beta (αCGRP, βCGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) function in pain signaling, neuroimmune communication, and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems by activating either of two class B GPCRs, CLR and CTR, in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Inspired by our recent discovery that AM2/IMD(1-47) activation of CLR-RAMP3 elicits long duration cAMP signaling, here we used a live-cell cAMP biosensor assay to characterize the signaling kinetics of the two CGRP peptides and several bioactive AM and AM2/IMD fragments with variable N-terminal extensions. Remarkably, AM2/IMD(8-47) and AM2/IMD-53 exhibited even longer duration signaling than the 1-47 fragment. AM2/IMD(8-47) was a striking 8-fold longer acting than AM(13-52) at CLR-RAMP3. In contrast, the N-terminal extension of AM had no effect on signaling duration. AM(1-52) and (13-52) were equally short-acting. Analysis of AM2/IMD-AM mid-region chimeras and AM2/IMD R23 and R33 point mutants showed the importance of these residues for long-duration signaling and identified AM2/IMD peptides that exhibited up to 17-fold diminished signaling duration at CLR-RAMP3, while retaining near wildtype signaling potencies. βCGRP was ∼ 3-fold longer acting than αCGRP at the CGRP (CLR-RAMP1) and the amylin1 (CTR-RAMP1) receptors. Chimeric CGRP peptides showed that the single residue difference near the N-terminus, and the two differences in the mid-region, equally contributed to the longer duration of βCGRP signaling. This work uncovers key temporal differences in cAMP signaling among the CGRP family peptides, elucidates the structural bases thereof, and provides pharmacological tools for studying long-duration AM2/IMD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Sandra E Gostynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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Ornello R, Zelli V, Compagnoni C, Caponnetto V, De Matteis E, Tiseo C, Tessitore A, Sacco S. MicroRNA profiling in women with migraine: effects of CGRP-targeting treatment. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:80. [PMID: 38755568 PMCID: PMC11100066 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine lacks biomarkers that can trace the biological pathways of the disease and predict the effectiveness of treatments. Monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway - including erenumab - offer the opportunity of investigating potential migraine biomarkers due to their specific mechanism of action in preventing both episodic (EM) and chronic (CM) migraine. Our study aims at evaluating the expression levels of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) according to migraine type, before and after treatment with erenumab and based on treatment response, in order to identify miRNAs with potential role as epigenetic biomarkers. METHODS The study included women aged 25-50 years with EM or CM treated with erenumab according to clinical indications. MiRNAs expression levels were assessed before (baseline) and after a 16-week treatment with erenumab, 140 mg every four weeks (post-treatment). An extensive miRNAs profiling was performed by qRT-PCR in small, pooled groups of ≤ 8 women each, classified according to migraine frequency (EM and CM) and the degree of response to erenumab. The expression levels of selected miRNAs were also validated using single miRNA assays in each woman with EM and CM. RESULTS During the study, 36 women with migraine (19 with EM and 17 with CM) out of 40 who were initially screened, performed the assessment of miRNA expression at baseline and post-treatment, Erenumab treatment significantly improved migraine burden in both EM and CM. MiRNA profiling revealed differential expression levels of a wide set of miRNAs (hsa-let-7d-3p, hsa-miR-106b-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-144-3p, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-29b-2-5p, hsa-miR-326, miR-363-3p, hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-485-3p, hsa-miR-532-5p, hsa-miR-543, hsa-miR-629-5p, hsa-miR-660-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p) depending on treatment response. Among them, single miRNA assays confirmed the progressive decrease of hsa-miR-143-3p expression levels in relation to increasing response to erenumab in women with EM (7 with low, 6 with medium, and 6 with high response; p = 0.02). Additionally, single assays showed higher hsa-miR-34a-5p and hsa-miR-382-5p expression levels at baseline in women with CM compared with those with EM (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0007, respectively), as well as their expression level decrease in women with CM from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that targeting the CGRP pathway in migraine changes the expression levels of certain miRNAs. These miRNA levels are linked to the levels of response to CGRP receptor blockage. Future research challenges include assigning specific functions to the modulated miRNAs to unravel pathways modulated by the disease and the treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with code NCT04659226 and in the Novartis database with code CAMG334AIT05T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ornello
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1 Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1 Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Compagnoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1 Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Caponnetto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Matteis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1 Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cindy Tiseo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit of Avezzano-Sulmona, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Di Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, Avezzano (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1 Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1 Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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3
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Alpuente A, Gallardo VJ, Asskour L, Caronna E, Torres-Ferrus M, Pozo-Rosich P. Dynamic fluctuations of salivary CGRP levels during migraine attacks: association with clinical variables and phenotypic characterization. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:58. [PMID: 38637736 PMCID: PMC11027425 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a complex neurological disorder with significant heterogeneity in its clinical presentation and molecular mechanisms. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has emerged as a key player in migraine pathophysiology, but challenges remain in its utilization as a biomarker. This study aimed to investigate salivary CGRP levels during migraine attacks across the frequency spectrum and explore associations with clinical variables. METHODS A prospective longitudinal pilot study was conducted, recruiting migraine patients from an outpatient headache clinic. Salivary CGRP levels were measured at interictal, onset, post-2 h of onset and end-of-attack. Using generalized linear mixed models, we explored the effect of CGRP changes over the attack in presence of depressive symptoms (DS), acute attack treatment, and after three-months of erenumab treatment. Finally, patients were classified and compared according to their CGRP phenotype. RESULTS A total of 44 migraine patients were included (90.9% women), with 80 migraine attacks analyzed. Salivary CGRP levels increased at the onset of migraine attacks. We observed statistically significant interactions between DS and both the linear (Est. [SE]: 19.4 [5.8], p = 0.001) and quadratic terms of time (-19.1 [6.0], p = 0.002). Additionally, a significant three-way interaction within the use of acute treated attack (linear-term: -18.5 [6.2], p = 0.005; quadratic-term: 19.2 [6.8], p = 0.005) was also found. Molecular phenotyping revealed that 72.7% (32/44) of patients presented only CGRP-dependent attacks, while 27.3% (12/44) presented non-CGRP-dependent migraine attacks. Patients with only CGRP-dependent attacks were associated with younger age, shorter disease evolution time, a higher proportion of aura, and fewer monthly headache days (p < 0.05). Exploratory analysis of erenumab treatment effects did not result in changes in CGRP levels during migraine attacks. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the dynamic nature of migraine at a molecular level and emphasizes the importance of integrating clinical variables, such as depressive symptoms, in understanding its pathophysiology. The identification of distinct migraine subtypes based on CGRP dependence suggests potential opportunities for personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Alpuente
- Neurology Department, Headache Clinic, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor J Gallardo
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laila Asskour
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edoardo Caronna
- Neurology Department, Headache Clinic, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torres-Ferrus
- Neurology Department, Headache Clinic, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Neurology Department, Headache Clinic, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bai Z, Bartelo N, Aslam M, Murphy EA, Hale CR, Blachere NE, Parveen S, Spolaore E, DiCarlo E, Gravallese EM, Smith MH, Frank MO, Jiang CS, Zhang H, Pyrgaki C, Lewis MJ, Sikandar S, Pitzalis C, Lesnak JB, Mazhar K, Price TJ, Malfait AM, Miller RE, Zhang F, Goodman S, Darnell RB, Wang F, Orange DE. Synovial fibroblast gene expression is associated with sensory nerve growth and pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk3506. [PMID: 38598614 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
It has been presumed that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint pain is related to inflammation in the synovium; however, recent studies reveal that pain scores in patients do not correlate with synovial inflammation. We developed a machine-learning approach (graph-based gene expression module identification or GbGMI) to identify an 815-gene expression module associated with pain in synovial biopsy samples from patients with established RA who had limited synovial inflammation at arthroplasty. We then validated this finding in an independent cohort of synovial biopsy samples from patients who had early untreated RA with little inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses indicated that most of these 815 genes were most robustly expressed by lining layer synovial fibroblasts. Receptor-ligand interaction analysis predicted cross-talk between human lining layer fibroblasts and human dorsal root ganglion neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP+). Both RA synovial fibroblast culture supernatant and netrin-4, which is abundantly expressed by lining fibroblasts and was within the GbGMI-identified pain-associated gene module, increased the branching of pain-sensitive murine CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Imaging of solvent-cleared synovial tissue with little inflammation from humans with RA revealed CGRP+ pain-sensing neurons encasing blood vessels growing into synovial hypertrophic papilla. Together, these findings support a model whereby synovial lining fibroblasts express genes associated with pain that enhance the growth of pain-sensing neurons into regions of synovial hypertrophy in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Bai
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Caryn R Hale
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nathalie E Blachere
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Myles J Lewis
- Queen Mary University of London & NIHR BRC Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Shafaq Sikandar
- Queen Mary University of London & NIHR BRC Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Queen Mary University of London & NIHR BRC Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University & IRCC Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan 20072, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fan Zhang
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dana E Orange
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Park S, Jung H, Han SW, Lee SH, Sohn JH. Differences in Neuropathology between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3706. [PMID: 38612517 PMCID: PMC11011425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used to develop new therapies. Understanding the transition from episodic (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial. We established models mimicking EM and CM pain and assessed neuropathological differences. EM and CM models were induced with single NTG or multiple injections over 9 days. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed. Immunofluorescence utilized c-Fos, NeuN, and Iba1. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were analyzed. Neuropeptides (CGRP, VIP, PACAP, and substance P) were assessed. Mechanical thresholds were similar. Notable neuropathological distinctions were observed in Sp5C and ACC. ACC showed increased c-Fos and NeuN expression in CM (p < 0.001) and unchanged in EM. Sp5C had higher c-Fos and NeuN expression in EM (p < 0.001). Iba1 was upregulated in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM (p < 0.001). Proinflammatory markers were strongly expressed in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM. CGRP expression was elevated in both regions and was higher in CM. VIP exhibited higher levels in the Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM, whereas PACAP and substance P were expressed in the Sp5C in both models. Despite similar thresholds, distinctive neuropathological differences in Sp5C and ACC between EM and CM models suggest a role in the EM to CM transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Won Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Hashikawa-Hobara N, Fujiwara K, Hashikawa N. CGRP causes anxiety via HP1γ-KLF11-MAOB pathway and dopamine in the dorsal hippocampus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:322. [PMID: 38503899 PMCID: PMC10951359 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that causes anxiety behavior; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that CGRP modulates anxiety behavior by epigenetically regulating the HP1γ-KLF-11-MAOB pathway and depleting dopamine in the dorsal hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular administration of CGRP (0.5 nmol) elicited anxiety-like behaviors in open field, hole-board, and plus-maze tests. Additionally, we observed an increase in monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) levels and a concurrent decrease in dopamine levels in the dorsal hippocampus of mice following CGRP administration. Moreover, CGRP increased abundance the transcriptional regulator of MAOB, Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11), and increased levels of phosphorylated heterochromatin protein (p-HP1γ), which is involved in gene silencing, by methylating histone H3 in the dorsal hippocampus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that HP1γ was recruited to the Klf11 enhancer by CGRP. Furthermore, infusion of CGRP (1 nmol) into the dorsal hippocampus significantly increased MAOB expression as well as anxiety-like behaviors, which were suppressed by the pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of MAOB. Together, these findings suggest that CGRP reduces dopamine levels and induces anxiety-like behavior through epigenetic regulation in the dorsal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Hashikawa-Hobara
- Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Kyoshiro Fujiwara
- Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashikawa
- Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
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7
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Rees TA, Tasma Z, Garelja ML, O'Carroll SJ, Walker CS, Hay DL. Calcitonin receptor, calcitonin gene-related peptide and amylin distribution in C1/2 dorsal root ganglia. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:36. [PMID: 38481170 PMCID: PMC10938748 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are important for the transmission of sensory information associated with the back of the head and neck, contributing to head pain. Calcitonin receptor (CTR)-based receptors, such as the amylin 1 (AMY1) receptor, and ligands, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin, have been linked to migraine and pain. However, the contribution of this system to nociception involving the cervical DRG is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relative distribution of the CTR, CGRP, and amylin in upper cervical DRG. METHODS CTR, CGRP, and amylin immunofluorescence was examined relative to neural markers in C1/2 DRG from male and female mice, rats, and human cases. Immunofluorescence was supported by RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization examining amylin mRNA distribution in rat DRG. RESULTS Amylin immunofluorescence was observed in neuronal soma and fibres. Amylin mRNA (Iapp) was also detected. Amylin and CGRP co-expression was observed in 19% (mouse), 17% (rat), and 36% (human) of DRG neurons in distinct vesicle-like neuronal puncta from one another. CTR immunoreactivity was present in DRG neurons, and both peptides produced receptor signalling in primary DRG cell cultures. CTR-positive neurons frequently co-expressed amylin and/or CGRP (66% rat; 84% human), with some sex differences. CONCLUSIONS Amylin and CGRP could both be local peptide agonists for CTR-based receptors in upper cervical DRG, potentially acting through autocrine and/or paracrine signalling mechanisms to modulate neuron function. Amylin and its receptors could represent novel pain targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla A Rees
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Tasma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael L Garelja
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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8
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Kulalert W, Wells AC, Link VM, Lim AI, Bouladoux N, Nagai M, Harrison OJ, Kamenyeva O, Kabat J, Enamorado M, Chiu IM, Belkaid Y. The neuroimmune CGRP-RAMP1 axis tunes cutaneous adaptive immunity to the microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322574121. [PMID: 38451947 PMCID: PMC10945812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322574121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The somatosensory nervous system surveils external stimuli at barrier tissues, regulating innate immune cells under infection and inflammation. The roles of sensory neurons in controlling the adaptive immune system, and more specifically immunity to the microbiota, however, remain elusive. Here, we identified a mechanism for direct neuroimmune communication between commensal-specific T lymphocytes and somatosensory neurons mediated by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the skin. Intravital imaging revealed that commensal-specific T cells are in close proximity to cutaneous nerve fibers in vivo. Correspondingly, we observed upregulation of the receptor for the neuropeptide CGRP, RAMP1, in CD8+ T lymphocytes induced by skin commensal colonization. The neuroimmune CGRP-RAMP1 signaling axis functions in commensal-specific T cells to constrain Type 17 responses and moderate the activation status of microbiota-reactive lymphocytes at homeostasis. As such, modulation of neuroimmune CGRP-RAMP1 signaling in commensal-specific T cells shapes the overall activation status of the skin epithelium, thereby impacting the outcome of responses to insults such as wounding. The ability of somatosensory neurons to control adaptive immunity to the microbiota via the CGRP-RAMP1 axis underscores the various layers of regulation and multisystem coordination required for optimal microbiota-reactive T cell functions under steady state and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warakorn Kulalert
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Alexandria C. Wells
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Verena M. Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Motoyoshi Nagai
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Oliver J. Harrison
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
| | - Isaac M. Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- Unite Metaorganisme, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
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Zhao X, Wu G, Zhang J, Yu Z, Wang J. Activation of CGRP receptor-mediated signaling promotes tendon-bone healing. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadg7380. [PMID: 38457499 PMCID: PMC10923525 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an osteopromotive neurotransmitter with a short half-life, shows increase while calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) level is decreased at the early stage in bone fractures. Therefore, the activation of CALCRL-mediated signaling may be more critical to promote the tendon-bone healing. We found CGRP enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through PKA/CREB/JUNB pathway, contributing to improved sonic hedgehog (SHH) expression, which was verified at the tendon-bone interface (TBI) in the mice with Calcrl overexpression. The osteoblast-derived SHH and slit guidance ligand 3 were reported to favor nerve regeneration and type H (CD31hiEMCNhi) vessel formation, respectively. Encouragingly, the activation or inactivation of CALCRL-mediated signaling significantly increased or decreased intensity of type H vessel and nerve fiber at the TBI, respectively. Simultaneously, improved gait characteristics and biomechanical performance were observed in the Calcrl overexpression group. Together, the gene therapy targeting CGRP receptor may be a therapeutic strategy in sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guanfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
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10
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Jiang S, Xie W, Knapstein PR, Donat A, Albertsen LC, Sevecke J, Erdmann C, Appelt J, Fuchs M, Hildebrandt A, Maleitzke T, Frosch KH, Baranowsky A, Keller J. Transcript-dependent effects of the CALCA gene on the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:223. [PMID: 38396204 PMCID: PMC10891124 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis represents a chronic degenerative joint disease with exceptional clinical relevance. Polymorphisms of the CALCA gene, giving rise to either a procalcitonin/calcitonin (PCT/CT) or a calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha (αCGRP) transcript by alternative splicing, were reported to be associated with the development of osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of both PCT/CT and αCGRP transcripts in a mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (ptOA). WT, αCGRP-/- and CALCA-/- mice were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) to induce ptOA of the knee. Mice were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery, followed by micro-CT and histological evaluation. Here we show that the expression of both PCT/CT and αCGRP transcripts is induced in ptOA knees. CALCA-/- mice show increased cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss with elevated osteoclast numbers compared to αCGRP-/- and WT mice. Osteophyte formation is reduced to the same extent in CALCA-/- and αCGRP-/- mice compared to WT controls, while a reduced synovitis score is noticed exclusively in mice lacking CALCA. Our data show that expression of the PCT/CT transcript protects from the progression of ptOA, while αCGRP promotes osteophyte formation, suggesting that CALCA-encoded peptides may represent novel targets for the treatment of ptOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weixin Xie
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Richard Knapstein
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Donat
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lilly-Charlotte Albertsen
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sevecke
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Erdmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Fuchs
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tazio Maleitzke
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Frosch
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Jiang HL, Yang HH, Liu YB, Duan JX, Guan XX, Zhang CY, Zhong WJ, Jin L, Li D, Li Q, Zhou Y, Guan CX. CGRP is essential for protection against alveolar epithelial cell necroptosis by activating the AMPK/L-OPA1 signaling pathway during acute lung injury. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31169. [PMID: 38193350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) necroptosis is critical to disrupt the alveolar barrier and provoke acute lung injury (ALI). Here, we define calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the most abundant endogenous neuropeptide in the lung, as a novel modulator of AEC necroptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Upon LPS-induced ALI, overexpression of Cgrp significantly mitigates the inflammatory response, alleviates lung tissue damage, and decreases AEC necroptosis. Similarly, CGRP alleviated AEC necroptosis under the LPS challenge in vitro. Previously, we identified that long optic atrophy 1 (L-OPA1) deficiency mediates mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to AEC necroptosis. In this study, we discovered that CGRP positively regulated mitochondrial fusion through stabilizing L-OPA1. Mechanistically, we elucidate that CGRP activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, the blockade of AMPK compromised the protective effect of CGRP against AEC necroptosis following the LPS challenge. Our study suggests that CRGP-mediated activation of the AMPK/L-OPA1 axis may have potent therapeutic benefits for patients with ALI or other diseases with necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Jiang
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Biao Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Xin Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dai Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Physiology, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Medical Function, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Miki K, Takeshita N, Yamashita M, Kitamura M, Murakami S. Calcitonin gene-related peptide regulates periodontal tissue regeneration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1344. [PMID: 38228723 PMCID: PMC10791604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide composed of 37 amino acids secreted from the sensory nerve endings, reportedly possesses various physiological effects, such as vasodilation and neurotransmission. Recently, there have been increasing reports of the involvement of CGRP in bone metabolism; however, its specific role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, particularly in the repair and healing processes, remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dynamic expression patterns of CGRP during the destruction and regeneration processes of periodontal tissues in a mouse model of experimental periodontitis. We also explored the effects of CGRP on periodontal ligament cells, which can differentiate to hard tissue-forming cells (cementoblasts or osteoblasts). Our findings demonstrated that CGRP stimulation promotes the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells into hard tissue-forming cells. Experimental results using a ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model also suggested fluctuations in CGRP expression during periodontal tissue healing, underscoring the vital role of CGRP signaling in alveolar bone recovery. The study results highlight the important role of nerves in the periodontal ligament not only in sensory reception in the periphery, as previously known, but also in periodontal tissue homeostasis and tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Noboru Takeshita
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Finelli F, Catalano A, De Lisa M, Ferraro GA, Genovese S, Giuzio F, Salvia R, Scieuzo C, Sinicropi MS, Svolacchia F, Vassallo A, Santarsiere A, Saturnino C. CGRP Antagonism and Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Migraine. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:163. [PMID: 38256423 PMCID: PMC10820088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The study of migraine is based on the complexity of the pathology, both at the pathophysiological and epidemiological levels. Although it affects more than a billion people worldwide, it is often underestimated and underreported by patients. Migraine must not be confused with a simple headache; it is a serious and disabling disease that causes considerable limitations in the daily life of afflicted people, including social, work, and emotional effects. Therefore, it causes a daily state of suffering and discomfort. It is important to point out that this pathology not only has a decisive impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from it but also on their families and, more generally, on society as a whole. The clinical picture of migraine is complex, with debilitating unilateral or bilateral head pain, and is often associated with characteristic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Hormonal, environmental, psychological, dietary, or other factors can trigger it. The present review focuses on the analysis of the physiopathological and pharmacological aspects of migraine, up to the correct dietary approach, with specific nutritional interventions aimed at modulating the symptoms. Based on the symptoms that the patient experiences, targeted and specific therapy is chosen to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Specifically, the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the pathogenesis of migraine is analyzed, along with the drugs that effectively target the corresponding receptor. Particularly, CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants) are very effective drugs in the treatment of migraine, given their high diffusion in the brain. Moreover, following a ketogenic diet for only one or two months has been demonstrated to reduce migraine attacks. In this review, we highlight the diverse facets of migraine, from its physiopathological and pharmacological aspects to prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Finelli
- U.O.C. Pediatrics -S. Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele De Lisa
- U.O.C. Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health Department ASP, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sabino Genovese
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Viticulture and Oenology, Federico II University, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Federica Giuzio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
- U.O.C. Primary Care and Territorial Health, Social and Health Department, State Hospital, 47893 San Marino, San Marino
- Spinoff TNCKILLERS s.r.l., University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | | | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santarsiere
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
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14
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Rees TA, Labastida-Ramírez A, Rubio-Beltrán E. Calcitonin/PAC 1 receptor splice variants: a blind spot in migraine research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:651-663. [PMID: 37543479 PMCID: PMC10529278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their receptors are linked to migraine neurobiology. Recent antimigraine therapeutics targeting the signaling of these neuropeptides are effective; however, some patients respond suboptimally, indicating an incomplete understanding of migraine pathophysiology. The CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptors can be differentially spliced. It is known that receptor splice variants can have different pathophysiological effects in other receptor-mediated pain pathways. Despite considerable knowledge on the structural and pharmacological differences of the CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptor splice variants and their expression in migraine-relevant tissues, their role in migraine is rarely considered. Here we shine a spotlight on the calcitonin and PACAP (PAC1) receptor splice variants and examine what implications they may have for drug activity and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla A Rees
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Alejandro Labastida-Ramírez
- Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán
- Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Fila M, Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Blasiak J. Epigenetic Connections of the TRPA1 Ion Channel in Pain Transmission and Neurogenic Inflammation - a Therapeutic Perspective in Migraine? Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5578-5591. [PMID: 37326902 PMCID: PMC10471718 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent reprogramming of epigenetic pattern leads to changes in gene expression observed in many neurological disorders. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP channels superfamily, is activated by many migraine triggers and expressed in trigeminal neurons and brain regions that are important in migraine pathogenesis. TRP channels change noxious stimuli into pain signals with the involvement of epigenetic regulation. The expression of the TRPA1 encoding gene, TRPA1, is modulated in pain-related syndromes by epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and effects of non-coding RNAs: micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. TRPA1 may change epigenetic profile of many pain-related genes as it may modify enzymes responsible for epigenetic modifications and expression of non-coding RNAs. TRPA1 may induce the release of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), from trigeminal neurons and dural tissue. Therefore, epigenetic regulation of TRPA1 may play a role in efficacy and safety of anti-migraine therapies targeting TRP channels and CGRP. TRPA1 is also involved in neurogenic inflammation, important in migraine pathogenesis. The fundamental role of TRPA1 in inflammatory pain transmission may be epigenetically regulated. In conclusion, epigenetic connections of TRPA1 may play a role in efficacy and safety of anti-migraine therapy targeting TRP channels or CGRP and they should be further explored for efficient and safe antimigraine treatment. This narrative/perspective review presents information on the structure and functions of TRPA1 as well as role of its epigenetic connections in pain transmission and potential in migraine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Nordahl KML, Fedulov V, Holm A, Haanes KA. Intraocular Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Transgene Endothelin-1 Delivery to the Rat Eye Induces Functional Changes Indicative of Retinal Ischemia-A Potential Chronic Glaucoma Model. Cells 2023; 12:1987. [PMID: 37566067 PMCID: PMC10417058 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) overactivity has been implicated as a factor contributing to glaucomatous neuropathy, and it has been utilized in animal models of retinal ischemia. The functional effects of long-term ET-1 exposure and possible compensatory mechanisms have, however, not been investigated. This was therefore the purpose of our study. ET-1 was delivered into rat eyes via a single intravitreal injection of 500 µM or via transgene delivery using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. Retinal function was assessed using electroretinography (ERG) and the retinal expression of potentially compensatory genes was evaluated by means of qRT-PCR. Acute ET-1 delivery led to vasoconstriction and a significant reduction in the ERG response. AAV-ET-1 resulted in substantial transgene expression and ERG results similar to the acute ET-1 injections and comparable to other models of retinal ischemia. Compensatory changes were observed, including an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) gene expression, which may both counterbalance the vasoconstrictive effects of ET-1 and provide neuroprotection. This chronic ET-1 ischemia model might be especially relevant to glaucoma research, mimicking the mild and repeated ischemic events in patients with long-term vascular dysfunction. The compensatory mechanisms, and particularly the role of vasodilatory CGRP in mitigating the retinal damage, warrant further investigation with the aim of evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M. L. Nordahl
- Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (A.H.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Vadim Fedulov
- Clinical and Medical Affairs, Radiometer, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark;
| | - Anja Holm
- Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (A.H.); (K.A.H.)
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian A. Haanes
- Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; (A.H.); (K.A.H.)
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17
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Sekiguchi T. Evolution of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide family in chordates: Identification of CT/CGRP family peptides in cartilaginous fish genome. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 328:114123. [PMID: 36075341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The calcitonin (CT)/CT gene-related peptide (CGRP) family is a peptide gene family that is widely found in bilaterians. CT, CGRP, adrenomedullin (AM), amylin (AMY), and CT receptor-stimulating peptide (CRSP) are members of the CT/CGRP family. In mammals, CT is involved in calcium homeostasis, while CGRP and AM primarily function in vasodilation. AMY and CRSP are associated with anorectic effects. Diversification of the molecular features and physiological functions of the CT/CGRP family in vertebrate lineages have been extensively reported. However, the origin and diversification mechanisms of the vertebrate CT/CGRP family of peptides remain unclear. In this review, the molecular characteristics of CT/CGRP family peptides and their receptors, along with their major physiological functions in mammals and teleosts, are introduced. Furthermore, novel candidates of the CT/CGRP family in cartilaginous fish are presented based on genomic information. The CT/CGRP family peptides and receptors in urochordates and cephalochordates, which are closely related to vertebrates, are also described. Finally, a putative evolutionary scenario of the CT/CGRP family peptides and receptors in chordates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
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18
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Tao T, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lai W, Long H. NGF-Induced Upregulation of CGRP in Orofacial Pain Induced by Tooth Movement Is Dependent on Atp6v0a1 and Vesicle Release. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911440. [PMID: 36232740 PMCID: PMC9569904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor (NGF) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) play a crucial role in the regulation of orofacial pain. It has been demonstrated that CGRP increases orofacial pain induced by NGF. V-type proton ATPase subunit an isoform 1 (Atp6v0a1) is involved in the exocytosis pathway, especially in vesicular transport in neurons. The objective was to examine the role of Atp6v0a1 in NGF-induced upregulation of CGRP in orofacial pain induced by experimental tooth movement. Orofacial pain was elicited by ligating closed-coil springs between incisors and molars in Sprague–Dawley rats. Gene and protein expression levels were determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Lentivirus vectors carrying Atp6v0a1 shRNA were used to knockdown the expression of Atp6v0a1 in TG and SH-SY5Y neurons. The release of vesicles in SH-SY5Y neurons was observed by using fluorescence dye FM1-43, and the release of CGRP was detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assy. Orofacial pain was evaluated through the rat grimace scale. Our results revealed that intraganglionic administration of NGF and Atp6v0a1 shRNA upregulated and downregulated CGRP in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), respectively, and the orofacial pain was also exacerbated and alleviated, respectively, following administration of NGF and Atp6v0a1 shRNA. Besides, intraganglionic administration of NGF simultaneously caused the downregulation of Atp6v0a1 in TG. Moreover, the release of vesicles and CGRP in SH-SY5Y neurons was interfered by NGF and Atp6v0a1 shRNA. In conclusion, in the orofacial pain induced by experimental tooth movement, NGF induced the upregulation of CGRP in TG and Vc, and this process is dependent on Atp6v0a1 and vesicle release, suggesting that they are involved in the transmission of nociceptive information in orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hu Long
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (H.L.)
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McIlvried LA, Atherton MA, Horan NL, Goch TN, Scheff NN. Sensory Neurotransmitter Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Modulates Tumor Growth and Lymphocyte Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200019. [PMID: 35388989 PMCID: PMC9474661 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are highly innervated by peripheral sensory neurons. Local neurotransmitter release (e.g., calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)) from sensory neurons innervating cancer is linked to tumorigenesis. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve presence comprised 9.53±1.9% of total nerve area across 11 HNSCC patients. A syngeneic tongue tumor transplant mouse model of oral cancer and a global Calca knockout mouse (CGRPKO ) are used to investigate the impact of CGRP signaling on tumor growth and the associated immune response in vivo. In tumor-bearing CGRPKO mice, there is a significant reduction in tumor size over time compared to wildtype mice using two different mouse oral cancer cell lines. Furthermore, tumor tissue from CGRPKO mice had a significant increase in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and NK1.1+ NK cells compared to wildtype. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting and real-time qPCR are used to confirm that CD4+ T cells are isolated from tumor-bearing wildtype mice containing a high expression of Ramp1 compared to sham mice. These data suggest that sensory neurotransmitter CGRP may modulate oral cancer progression via tumor immunosurveillance. Understanding the relationship between sensory neurons and cancer will aid in repurposing clinically available nervous system drugs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A McIlvried
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Megan A Atherton
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nicole L Horan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tori N Goch
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nicole N Scheff
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Zou ZZ, Wang SH, Huang YL, Feng W. [Calcitonin gene-related peptides protect against oxidative stress-induced lung injury via increasing autophagy in neonatal rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2022; 74:548-554. [PMID: 35993206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) exerts protective effects on the acute lung injury induced by oxidative stress. This study was aimed to investigate whether autophagy was involved in the protection of CGRP against oxidative stress-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. Newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control group, oxidative stress model group (Model group), Model + CGRP group, Model + CGRP + Rapamycin (an autophagy agonist) group, and Model + CGRP + LY294002 (an autophagy inhibitor) group. The model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury was established by continuous inhalation of oxygen (FiO2 = 90%-95%) for 14 days in neonatal SD rats. Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and mean linear intercept (MLI) was measured. The quantitative changes of autophagic vesicles (AV) in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) were measured under the transmission electron microscope. The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, mTOR, and Beclin-1 in lung tissue lysates were detected by Western blot. The results showed that, compared to the Model group at the same time point, the number of AV in AECII and the expression level of Beclin-1 protein of the lung tissue were increased, while the expression level of mTOR protein was decreased, with alleviated pathological changes, reduced MLI value and Caspase-3 protein expression level, increased Bcl-2 protein expression level in the lung tissue of Model + CGRP group. In addition, we found that the protective effect of CGRP on hyperoxia-induced lung injury could be enhanced by autophagy activator Rapamycin and abolished by autophagy inhibitor LY294002. Together, these findings indicate that CGRP could attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by enhancing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhuang Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
- Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- Women & Children Health Institute Futian Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Wei Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China.
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Wang CY, Su JC, Zhang XF, Cheng C, Zhang Y, Xiang SY, Liu WM, Zhang YJ, Xu SW, Liu ZB. [Effect of electroacupuncture on pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and secretion of neuroactive substances in lung of COPD rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2022; 47:305-313. [PMID: 35486009 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20210609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Feishu" (BL13) on the activation and secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and inflammatory response in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in treating COPD. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, COPD model and EA groups, with 7 rats in each group. The COPD model was established by forced inhale of cigarette smoke for 1 h in a self-made box (1 m×1 m×1 m in volume), twice daily for 12 weeks. EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1-3 mA) was applied at bilateral ST36 and BL13 acupoints for 30 min, once a day for 14 consecutive days. The pulmonary function including the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 0.1 second (FEV0.1), FEV0.3, FEV0.1/FVC and FEV0.3/FVC was detected using a lung function analyzer for small animals. The lung tissue was sampled for observing histopathological changes by using H.E. staining, for observing expression and distribution of PNECs by Grimelius silver staining, and for detecting the immunoactivity (integrated optical density) of CGRP and 5-HT by using immunohistochemistry. The contents of CGRP, 5-HT, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were detected by ELISA, and the correlations between TNF-α and CGRP, IL-1β and CGRP, TNF-α and 5-HT, and IL-1β and 5-HT levels were analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of nerve fiber markers of CGRP and purinergic receptor P2X ligand gated ion channel 3 (P2X3) which dominate PNECs in the lung tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, the levels of FVC, FEV0.1, FEV0.3, and the ratios of FEV0.1/FVC and FEV0.3/FVC were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the immunoactivity of PNECs, CGRP and 5-HT, the contents of CGRP, 5-HT, TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the BALF and lung tissue, and the expression levels of CGRP and P2X3 mRNAs and proteins in the lung tissue significantly increased in the COPD model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Following EA intervention, both the increased and decreased levels of all the indexes mentioned above were reversed (P<0.05, P<0.01) except FEV0.3. H.E. staining showed severe deformed bronchial lumen with thickened wall and alveolar septum, and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced number of alveolar lumen fusion in the COPD model group, which was mild in the EA group. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α and CGRP, IL-1β and CGRP, TNF-α and 5-HT,IL-1β and 5-HT levels in both BALF and lung tissues (P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA at ST36 and BL13 can improve lung function and reduce inflammatory response in COPD rats, which may be related to its function in inhibiting the activation of PNECs and release of neuroactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Wang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jing-Chao Su
- Department of Physiology, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Xin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Shui-Ying Xiang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Wen-Mei Liu
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Shu-Wen Xu
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zi-Bing Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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Shimizu T, Terawaki K, Sekiguchi K, Sanechika S, Ohbuchi K, Matsumoto C, Ikeda Y. Tokishakuyakusan ameliorates lowered body temperature after immersion in cold water through the early recovery of blood flow in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114896. [PMID: 34896207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 'Cold feeling' is a subjective feeling of unusual coldness that aggravates fatigue, stiffness, and other symptoms, thereby reducing quality of life. Tokishakuyakusan (TSS) is a Kampo medicine reported to improve cold feeling and is used to treat symptoms aggravated by cold feeling. However, the mechanism of action of TSS is unclear. Cold feeling may involve reduced blood flow and subsequent inhibition of heat transport. Therefore, elucidating the effects of TSS on blood flow is one of the most important research topics for clarifying the mechanism of action of TSS. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the effect of TSS on recovery from lowered body temperature by the immersion of rats in cold water and to clarify the involvement of blood flow in the action of TSS. MATERIALS AND METHODS After female Wistar rats underwent 9 days of low room temperature stress loading (i.e. room temperature of 18 °C), they were subjected to immersion in cold water (15 °C) for 15 min. Body surface temperature, rectal temperature, and plantar temperature were measured before and after immersion in cold water. Blood flow was measured before and after immersion in cold water without low room temperature stress loading. TSS (0.5 g/kg or 1 g/kg) or the vehicle (i.e. distilled water) was orally administered once daily for 10 days for the measurement of body temperature or once 30 min before immersion in cold water for the measurement of blood flow. In addition, we examined the effect of TSS on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, the effect of TSS ingredients on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and the effect of TSS ingredients on the membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells and evaluated the mechanism of the effects of TSS on blood flow. RESULTS Body temperature and blood flow decreased after immersion in cold water and then recovered over time. A comparison of body temperature at each timepoint or area under the curve showed that TSS (1 g/kg) accelerated the recovery of body surface temperature, rectal temperature, and blood flow. TSS significantly increased CGRP release from DRG cells, which disappeared after pretreatment with HC-030031 (a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 [TRPA1] antagonist). The effects of seven TSS ingredients on TRP channels were examined. The agonistic effect on TRPA1 was observed for atractylodin, atractylodin carboxylic acid and levistolide A. Among the TSS ingredients, atractylodin carboxylic acid had significant hyperpolarising effects. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism by which TSS accelerates the recovery of lowered body temperature in rats after immersion in cold water may involve the acceleration of the recovery of lowered blood flow. Increased CGRP release from DRG cells by TSS, TRPA1 activation by TSS ingredients, and membrane potential changes in vascular smooth muscle cells caused by TSS ingredients are part of the mechanism of action of TSS. These findings may partly contribute to the interpretation of the beneficial effects of TSS on cold feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Shimizu
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Terawaki
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Sekiguchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Sho Sanechika
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Chinami Matsumoto
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.
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Ding W, Stohl LL, Saab J, Azizi S, Zhou XK, Mehta D, Granstein RD. Regulation of Cutaneous Immunity In Vivo by Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Signaling through Endothelial Cells. J Immunol 2022; 208:633-641. [PMID: 35031579 PMCID: PMC8852344 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) can bias the outcome of Ag presentation to responsive T cells in vitro away from Th1-type immunity and toward the Th2 and Th17 poles through actions on endothelial cells (ECs). To test the in vivo significance of this observation, we engineered a mouse lacking functional CGRP receptors on ECs (EC receptor activity modifying protein 1 [RAMP1] knockout mice). On percutaneous immunization to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, stimulated CD4+ T cells from draining lymph nodes showed significantly reduced IL-17A expression with significantly increased IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-22 expression at the protein and mRNA levels compared with control mice. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ t mRNA was significantly reduced, while mRNAs for T-box expressed in T cells and GATA binding protein 3 were significantly increased. In addition, EC RAMP1 knockout mice had significantly reduced contact hypersensitivity responses, and systemic administration of a CGRP receptor antagonist similarly inhibited contact hypersensitivity in wild-type mice. These observations provide compelling evidence that CGRP is a key regulator of cutaneous immunity through effects on ECs and suggest a novel pathway for potential therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lori L Stohl
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jad Saab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; and
| | - Shayan Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Devina Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Buapratoom A, Wanasuntronwong A, Khongsombat O, Tantisira MH. Anti-nociceptive effects of ECa 233 a standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban on chronic neuropathic orofacial pain in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 283:114737. [PMID: 34648902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE ECa 233 is a standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, a herb traditionally used to treat a number of diseases including neurological disorders. Accordingly, ECa 233 showed benefits on animal models of cognitive deficits, chronic stress and Parkinson's disease. Analgesic activity of ECa 233 was shown in Tail's flick test in rodent and relieving aphthous ulcer pain in man. Moreover, acute and sub-chronic toxicity testing in rodents and pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers, clinical trial phase I demonstrated good safety profiles of ECa 233. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects of ECa 233 and its synergistic effect with gabapentin on chronic neuropathic orofacial pain after 3 weeks infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury in mice. The peripheral and central nociceptive activities are also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chronic neuropathic orofacial pain was induced by 3 weeks infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury. Mice were treated with ECa 233 (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) and gabapentin (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage starting on day 21 and going on for 14 consecutive days. Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were measured on day 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 after infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury. At the end of the experiment, mice were observed for the sedative effect using the locomotor activity, the calcitonin gen-related peptide in trigeminal ganglion and c-fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis were investigated after euthanasia. RESULTS Infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury gradually induced marked ipsilateral mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. The maximum hyperalgesia and allodynia response presented on day 21 and the response was remained constant until day 35. Treatment with either 300 mg/kg ECa 233 or 10 mg/kg gabapentin were able to attenuate mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. The downregulation of calcitonin gen-related peptide on ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion were observed in ECa 233 at 100 and 300 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg gabapentin-treated groups. The c-fos expression on ipsilateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis was also decreased in 300 mg/kg ECa 233 and 10 mg/kg gabapentin-treated groups. CONCLUSION ECa 233 reduced hyperalgesia and allodynia by modulating the peripheral calcitonin gen-related peptide expression consequently alleviate the nociceptive activity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Further clinical trial to proof ECa 233's efficacy in neuropathic pain in man as well as possible attributable mechanism of action should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Buapratoom
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Aree Wanasuntronwong
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Onrawee Khongsombat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand; The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand.
| | - Mayuree H Tantisira
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
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Concas MP, Minelli A, Aere S, Morgan A, Tesolin P, Gasparini P, Gennarelli M, Girotto G. Genetic Dissection of Temperament Personality Traits in Italian Isolates. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010004. [PMID: 35052345 PMCID: PMC8774962 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human personality (i.e., temperament and character) is a complex trait related to mental health, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Despite the efforts performed during the past decades, its genetic background is only just beginning to be identified. With the aim of dissecting the genetic basis of temperament, we performed a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory in 587 individuals belonging to different Italian genetic isolates. Data analysis led to the identification of four new genes associated with different temperament scales, such as Novelty Seeking (NS), Harm Avoidance (HA), and Reward Dependence (RD). In detail, we identified suggestive and significant associations between: MAGI2 (highest p-value = 9.14 × 10−8), a gene already associated with schizophrenia and depressive disorder, and the NS–Extravagance scale; CALCB (highest p-value = 4.34 × 10−6), a gene likely involved in the behavioral evolution from wild wolf to domestic dog, and the NS–Disorderliness scale; BTBD3 (highest p-value = 2.152 × 10−8), a gene already linked to obsessive–compulsive disorder, and the HA–Fatigability scale; PRKN (highest p-value = 8.27 × 10−9), a gene described for early onset Parkinson’s disease, and the RD scale. Our work provides new relevant insights into the genetics of temperament, helping to elucidate the molecular basis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (M.G.)
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Susanna Aere
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Paola Tesolin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (M.G.)
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.M.); (P.G.); (G.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.T.)
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Löken LS, Braz JM, Etlin A, Sadeghi M, Bernstein M, Jewell M, Steyert M, Kuhn J, Hamel K, Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Basbaum A. Contribution of dorsal horn CGRP-expressing interneurons to mechanical sensitivity. eLife 2021; 10:e59751. [PMID: 34061020 PMCID: PMC8245130 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons are generally considered the only source of dorsal horn calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide critical to the transmission of pain messages. Using a tamoxifen-inducible CalcaCreER transgenic mouse, here we identified a distinct population of CGRP-expressing excitatory interneurons in lamina III of the spinal cord dorsal horn and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. These interneurons have spine-laden, dorsally directed, dendrites, and ventrally directed axons. As under resting conditions, CGRP interneurons are under tonic inhibitory control, neither innocuous nor noxious stimulation provoked significant Fos expression in these neurons. However, synchronous, electrical non-nociceptive Aβ primary afferent stimulation of dorsal roots depolarized the CGRP interneurons, consistent with their receipt of a VGLUT1 innervation. On the other hand, chemogenetic activation of the neurons produced a mechanical hypersensitivity in response to von Frey stimulation, whereas their caspase-mediated ablation led to mechanical hyposensitivity. Finally, after partial peripheral nerve injury, innocuous stimulation (brush) induced significant Fos expression in the CGRP interneurons. These findings suggest that CGRP interneurons become hyperexcitable and contribute either to ascending circuits originating in deep dorsal horn or to the reflex circuits in baseline conditions, but not in the setting of nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line S Löken
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joao M Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexander Etlin
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mahsa Sadeghi
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mollie Bernstein
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Madison Jewell
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Marilyn Steyert
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia Kuhn
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Katherine Hamel
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ida J Llewellyn-Smith
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical CentreBedford ParkAustralia
| | - Allan Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Lee SH, Tonello R, Im ST, Jeon H, Park J, Ford Z, Davidson S, Kim YH, Park CK, Berta T. Resolvin D3 controls mouse and human TRPV1-positive neurons and preclinical progression of psoriasis. Theranostics 2020; 10:12111-12126. [PMID: 33204332 PMCID: PMC7667671 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a complex interplay between the immune and nervous systems with recurrent scaly skin plaques, thickened stratum corneum, infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells, and itch. Despite an increasing availability of immune therapies, they often have adverse effects, high costs, and dissociated effects on inflammation and itch. Activation of sensory neurons innervating the skin and TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) are emerging as critical components in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but little is known about their endogenous inhibitors. Recent studies have demonstrated that resolvins, endogenous lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, are potent inhibitors of TRP channels and may offer new therapies for psoriasis without known adverse effects. Methods: We used behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical approaches to investigate the therapeutic effects of resolvin D3 (RvD3), a novel family member of resolvins, in a preclinical model of psoriasis consisting of repeated topical applications of imiquimod (IMQ) to murine skin, which provokes inflammatory lesions that resemble human psoriasis. Results: We report that RvD3 specifically reduced TRPV1-dependent acute pain and itch in mice. Mechanistically, RvD3 inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents in dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via the N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (i.e. ALX/FPR2), a G-protein coupled receptor. Single systemic administration of RvD3 (2.8 mg/kg) reversed itch after IMQ, and repeated administration largely prevented the development of both psoriasiform itch and skin inflammation with concomitant decreased in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in DRG neurons. Accordingly, specific knockdown of CGRP in DRG was sufficient to prevent both psoriasiform itch and skin inflammation similar to the effects following RvD3 administration. Finally, we elevated the translational potential of this study by showing that RvD3 significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity and CGRP release in human DRG neurons. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a novel role for RvD3 in regulating TRPV1/CGRP in mouse and human DRG neurons and identify RvD3 and its neuronal pathways as novel therapeutic targets to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sang-Taek Im
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hawon Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Ford
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ramirez V, Swain S, Murray K, Reardon C. Neural Immune Communication in the Control of Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interactions in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00928-19. [PMID: 32341116 PMCID: PMC7440759 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00928-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of host immune responses to enteric bacterial pathogens is a complex process involving the integration of numerous signals, including from the nervous system. Despite the recent progress in understanding the contribution of neuroimmune interactions in the regulation of inflammation, the mechanisms and effects of this communication during enteric bacterial infection are only beginning to be characterized. As part of this neuroimmune communication, neurons specialized to detect painful or otherwise noxious stimuli can respond to bacterial pathogens. Highlighting the complexity of these systems, the immunological consequences of sensory neuron activation can be either host adaptive or maladaptive, depending on the pathogen and organ system. These are but one of many types of neuroimmune circuits, with the vagus nerve and sympathetic innervation of numerous organs now known to modulate immune cell function and therefore dictate immunological outcomes during health and disease. Here, we review the evidence for neuroimmune communication in response to bacterial pathogens, and then discuss the consequences to host morbidity and mortality during infection of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ramirez
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Samantha Swain
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department. of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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Roehrkasse AM, Warner ML, Booe JM, Pioszak AA. Biochemical characterization of G protein coupling to calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors using a native PAGE assay. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9736-9751. [PMID: 32487746 PMCID: PMC7363127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) have overlapping and unique functions in the nervous and circulatory systems including vasodilation, cardioprotection, and pain transmission. Their actions are mediated by the class B calcitonin-like G protein-coupled receptor (CLR), which heterodimerizes with three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) that determine its peptide ligand selectivity. How the three agonists and RAMPs modulate CLR binding to transducer proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we biochemically characterized agonist-promoted G protein coupling to each CLR·RAMP complex. We adapted a native PAGE method to assess the formation and thermostabilities of detergent-solubilized fluorescent protein-tagged CLR·RAMP complexes expressed in mammalian cells. Addition of agonist and the purified Gs protein surrogate mini-Gs (mGs) yielded a mobility-shifted agonist·CLR·RAMP·mGs quaternary complex gel band that was sensitive to antagonists. Measuring the apparent affinities of the agonists for the mGs-coupled receptors and of mGs for the agonist-occupied receptors revealed that both ligand and RAMP control mGs coupling and defined how agonist engagement of the CLR extracellular and transmembrane domains affects transducer recruitment. Using mini-Gsq and -Gsi chimeras, we observed a coupling rank order of mGs > mGsq > mGsi for each receptor. Last, we demonstrated the physiological relevance of the native gel assays by showing that they can predict the cAMP-signaling potencies of AM and AM2/IMD chimeras. These results highlight the power of the native PAGE assay for membrane protein biochemistry and provide a biochemical foundation for understanding the molecular basis of shared and distinct signaling properties of CGRP, AM, and AM2/IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Margaret L Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jason M Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Gorzi A, Jamshidi F, Rahmani A, Krause Neto W. Muscle gene expression of CGRP-α, CGRP receptor, nAchR-β, and GDNF in response to different endurance training protocols of Wistar rats. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5305-5314. [PMID: 32621116 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction underwent adaptations to meet the demands of muscles following increased muscle activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance training (END), and mixed interval training (MIX) on the gene expression of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRP-α), CGRP receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR)-β and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among different muscle types. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (n = 8), END (n = 8), HIIT (n = 8), and MIX (n = 8). The animals run each training protocol for 8 weeks (five sessions/week). Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the muscles gastrocnemius and soleus were excised under the sterilized situation. After collection, the material was prepared for RNA extraction, Reverse Transcriptase reaction, and qPCR assay. The HIIT training up-regulated the CGRP-α (p < 0.01), CGRP-Rec (p < 0.01), and GDNF (p < 0.01) in soleus as well as the nAchR-β (p < 0.01) and GDNF (p < 0.01) in gastrocnemius muscles. END training down-regulated the gene expression of CGRP-α (p < 0.01), and nAchR-β (p < 0.01) in gastrocnemius but up-regulated nAchR-β (p = 0.037) in soleus and GDNF (p < 0.01) in gastrocnemius muscles. MIX training did not show any significant up or down-regulation. The endurance performance of HIIT and MIX groups was higher than the END group (p < 0.01). All studied genes up-regulated by HIIT training in a muscle type-specific manner. It seems that the improvement of some synaptic indices induced by HIIT resulted in the improvement of endurance performance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/genetics
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gorzi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box: 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Firooz Jamshidi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box: 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rahmani
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box: 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bulc M, Całka J, Palus K. Effect of Streptozotocin-Inducted Diabetes on the Pathophysiology of Enteric Neurons in the Small Intestine Based on the Porcine Diabetes Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062047. [PMID: 32192078 PMCID: PMC7139978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of diabetes complications. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are one of the most frequent complications during diabetes. The porcine digestive tract possesses physiological and pathological similarities to the human digestive tract. This also applies to the innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the influence of experimentally-inducted hyperglycemia was examined on the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons in the small intestine of the pig. During the current study, an increased number of neurons containing CART, VIP, GAL, and CGRP under streptozotocin injection were observed. The augmentation of expression included all enteric plexuses present in the small intestine. The same results were obtained in the case of VAChT; namely, chronic hyperglycemia led to an increase in the number of neurons utilizing VAChT in all investigated plexuses. The obtained results suggested that the function of neuropeptides studied in this experiment depended on their localization in the ENS structures, as well as part of the GI tract. Diabetes led to alterations in the neurochemical phenotype of small intestine enteric neurons.
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Levy HC, Hulvey D, Adamson-Small L, Jn-Simon N, Prima V, Rivkees S, Hobbs JA. Improved cell-specificity of adeno-associated viral vectors for medullary thyroid carcinoma using calcitonin gene regulatory elements. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228005. [PMID: 32027681 PMCID: PMC7004351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cancer, and tissue-specific promoters may help with tissue targeting. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a disease of the calcitonin secreting thyroid C cells, and calcitonin is highly expressed in MTC tumors compared to other cells. To target MTC cells, we evaluated an rAAV serotype 2 vector (rAAV2-pM+104-GFP) containing a modified calcitonin/calcitonin gene related peptide promoter (pM+104) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. In vitro transduction experiments comparing the MTC TT cell line with non-MTC cell lines demonstrated that rAAV2-pM+104-GFP infection yielded significantly (p < 0.05) higher GFP expression in TT cells than in non-MTC cell lines (HEK293 and HeLa), and significantly higher expression than in TT cells infected with the positive control rAAV2-pCBA-GFP vector. The rAAV2-pCBA-GFP control vector included a well-characterized, ubiquitously expresses control promoter, the chicken beta actin promoter with a cytomegalovirus enhancer (pCBA). In vivo experiments using a TT cell xenograft tumor mouse model showed that tumors directly injected with 2 x 1010 vg of rAAV2-pM+104-GFP vector resulted in GFP expression detected in 21.7% of cells, 48 hours after the injection. Furthermore, GFP expression was significantly higher for rAAV-pM+104-GFP treatments with a longer vector treatment duration and higher vector dose, with up to 52.6% (q < 0.05) GFP cells detected 72 hours after injecting 1x 1011 vg/tumor. These data show that we have developed an rAAV vector with improved selectivity for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel C. Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Danielle Hulvey
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura Adamson-Small
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Natacha Jn-Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Victor Prima
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Scott Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline A. Hobbs
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Guo L, Gong M, Wu S, Qiu F, Ma L. Identification and quantification of the quality markers and anti-migraine active components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma herbal pair based on chemometric analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 246:112228. [PMID: 31513838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma (CRCR), an ancient and classic herbal pair, has been used in herbal medicines for treating migraine, but its effective components are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to identify and quantify the quality markers and anti-migraine active components in CRCR based on chemometric analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HPLC fingerprints of eight batches of CRCR samples were obtained, and their characteristic common peaks were identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The therapeutic effects of eight batches of CRCR samples on nitroglycerin-induced migraine rats were evaluated by migraine-related neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to screen the quality markers. Artificial neural network and partial least squares regression models were used to screen the anti-migraine compounds by correlating the chemical constituents in HPLC fingerprints and pharmacological indicators. RESULTS Eighteen characteristic common peaks were found in the HPLC fingerprints, including eleven known compounds and seven unknown compounds. Ferulic acid (FA), senkyunolide I (SI), senkyunolide A (SA), 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), Z-ligustilide (LIG), Z-3-butylidenephthalide (BDPH), nookatone (NKT), levistilide A (LA), α-cyperone (CYP) and other five unknown compounds (P1, P2, P7, P8 and P9) were identified as quality markers. SA, NBP, LIG, NKT, CYP and other three unknown compounds (P1, P4 and P9) can be considered as anti-migraine prototype compounds. The quality markers and anti-migraine active components were further quantified in CRCR extract, rat serum and cerebral cortex by UPLC-MS/MS, which gives a clue to track the dynamic changes of the contents of the main constituents. CONCLUSIONS Our study explored the anti-migraine material basis, and could lay a foundation for the improvement of the quality control of CRCR in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Muxin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Sha Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Tao B, Jiang L, Chen L. Aberrant expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and its correlation with prognosis in severe childhood pneumonia. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1448. [PMID: 31994614 PMCID: PMC6970281 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the prognosis of pediatric patients with severe pneumonia. METHODS Children diagnosed with severe pneumonia (n=76) were stratified into the survival (n=58) and non-survival groups (n=18) according to their 28-day survival status and into the non-risk (n=51), risk (n=17) and high-risk (n=8) categories based on the pediatric critical illness score (PCIS). Demographic data and laboratory results were collected. Serum CGRP levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the cutoff score for high CGRP levels. RESULTS Serum CGRP levels were significantly higher in the survival group than in the non-survival group and were significantly higher in the non-risk group than in the risk and high-risk groups. The ROC curve for the prognostic potential of CGRP yielded a significant area under the curve (AUC) value with considerable sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION Our findings show that CGRP downregulation might be a diagnostic marker that predicts the prognosis and survival of children with severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqin Tao
- Emergency Department, Children's Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361028 China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, Jiang Y, Gong P. Overexpression of calcitonin gene-related peptide protects mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells from high-glucose-induced damage via ERK/HIF-1/VEGF signaling. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:939-952. [PMID: 31487015 PMCID: PMC10716975 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the diabetic brain, hyperglycemia damages the cerebrovasculature and impairs neurovascular crosstalk. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important neuropeptide that is active in the vascular system. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether CGRP is involved in the high-glucose-induced damage in mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial (b.END3) cells and the possible mechanism in vitro. The overexpression of CGRP by lentiviral transduction inhibited cell apoptosis but not proliferation. In contrast to the promoting of angiogenesis and migration under normal glucose, CGRP inhibited hyperglycemia-induced tube formation but had no effect on migration. Calcitonin gene-related peptide partly reduced the increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression. Furthermore, CGRP suppressed the increased HIF-1α/VEGF-A expression and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hyperglycemia. The ERK inhibitor U0126 showed similar inhibition of cell apoptosis, tube formation and HIF-1α/VEGF expression as that exhibited by lenti-CGRP. These findings demonstrate the protective role of CGRP overexpression against high-glucose-induced cerebrovascular changes in b.END3 cells, possibly through the inhibition of ERK/HIF-1/VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, Jiang Y, Gong P. The protective role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in high-glucose-induced oxidative injury in rat aorta endothelial cells. Peptides 2019; 121:170121. [PMID: 31386894 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an initial indicator in diabetes-induced macrovascular complications. Evidence has shown that CGRP is an important neuropeptide active in vascular system, especially in vasorelaxation. This study aimed to investigate the role of CGRP in high-glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta endothelial cells (RAECs). Quantitative-real time PCR and western blots were used to determine the efficiency of overexpression and interference of CGRP. After incubation with normal glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (33 mM), the cell viability and cell apoptosis were tested. Afterwards, the Nitric Oxide (NO) production, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiotensin II (Ang II) and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined. The involvement of ERK1/2-NOX4 was determined through western blots and the translocation of p47phox was also observed via cell immunofluorescence. CGRP alleviated the high-glucose-induced cell apoptosis while CGRP did not have an obvious impact on cell viability. Meanwhile, CGRP increased the NO production as well as the eNOS mRNA expression and reversely decreased the stimulated expression of iNOS and Ang II by high glucose. In addition, CGRP attenuated the high-glucose-stimulated intracellular ROS production by ERK1/2-NOX4 and the translocation of p47phox. These results indicated the protective role of CGRP in high-glucose-induced oxidative injury in RAECs possibly through inhibiting ERK1/2-NOX4. Our findings might help to further understand the potential role and possible mechanism of CGRP in endothelial dysfunction caused by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Ma G, Yang J, Zhao B, Huang C, Wang R. Correlation between CCL2, CALCA, and CX3CL1 gene polymorphisms and chronic pain after cesarean section in Chinese Han women: A case control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16706. [PMID: 31441843 PMCID: PMC6716682 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative chronic pain is characterized by high incidence, long duration, and complex pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the CCL2 gene rs4586 (g.5974T>C), CALCA rs3781719 (-692T>C), CX3CL1 rs614230 (2342C>T), and the risk of postoperative chronic pain in Chinese Han women. METHODS We analyzed the CCL2 gene rs4586, CALCA rs3781719, CX3CL1 rs614230 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of 350 Chinese Han women with chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) 6 months after cesarean section and 350 healthy women without chronic pain (HC). The levels of CCL2, CALCA, and CX3CL1 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The CCL2 rs4586 T allele and the CX3CL1 gene rs614230C allele were protective factors for CPSP risk (adjusted OR = 0.766, 95% CI: 0.675-0.865 and OR = 0.336, 95% CI: 0.644-0.835). The CALCA gene rs3781719C allele was a risk factor for CPSP (adjusted OR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.125-1.424). CCL2 rs4586, CX3CL1 gene rs614230, and CALCA gene rs3781719 locus gene polymorphisms were associated with serum CCL2, CX3CL1, and CALCA protein levels. CONCLUSION Our results support that CCL2 gene rs4586, CALCA rs3781719, CX3CL1 rs614230 gene polymorphism are associated with the occurrence of chronic pain after cesarean section in Chinese Han women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Jingli Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shanghai Pudong Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai
| | - Bange Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Chengquan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Hebei, China
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Tringali G, Navarra P. Anti-CGRP and anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies as antimigraine agents. Potential differences in safety profile postulated on a pathophysiological basis. Peptides 2019; 116:16-21. [PMID: 31018157 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a peptide neurotransmitter with potent vasodilating properties. CGRP is believed to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of migraine. As such, CGRP and its receptors are obvious druggable targets for novel anti-migraine agents. While the development of small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists started first, none of these agents is yet available in clinical practice. Conversely, both anti-CGRP and anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies (mABs) completed clinical development, and the first representatives of these 2 classes are available on the market. MABs are approved for prevention of migraine attacks in chronic or episodic migraine, involving long-term treatments. In light of the physiological role exerted by CGRP in the regulation of vascular tone, the potential risks of a long-term inhibition of CGRP functions raised diffuse concerns. These concerns were correctly addressed by the anti-CGRP receptor mABs erenumab with a 5-year open-label clinical trial; however, this study is currently ongoing and results are not yet available, leaving some uncertainty on the profile of erenumab long-term safety. Similar concerns can be raised with direct anti-CGRP mABs, which entrap the peptide preventing receptor activation. However, evidence exists that plasma CGRP is detectable in patients chronically treated with anti-CGRP mABs. Assuming that plasma CGRP is an indirect marker of peptide levels at the vascular receptor sites, such residual CGRP would maintain a physiological level of receptor stimulation, in spite of a well-established anti-migraine activity of the mABs. This might represent a potential advantage in the safety profile of anti-CGRP mABs, but it needs to be confirmed and expanded with data on free plasma CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tringali
- Institute of Pharmacology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Institute of Pharmacology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Hodgson A, Pakbaz S, Tayyari F, Young JEM, Mete O. Diagnostic Pitfall: Parathyroid Carcinoma Expands the Spectrum of Calcitonin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expressing Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 2019; 30:168-172. [PMID: 30903444 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-019-9572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjelica Hodgson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Farnoosh Tayyari
- Department of Pathology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James Edward Massey Young
- Department of Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ozgur Mete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Endocrine Oncology Site, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
Increasing knowledge about the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiology has led to the development of antibodies against this peptide or its receptor. However, CGRP is widely expressed throughout the body, participating not only in pathophysiological conditions but also in several physiological processes and homeostatic responses during pathophysiological events. Therefore, in this chapter, the risks of long-term blockade of the CGRP pathway will be discussed, with focus on the cardiovascular system, as this peptide has been described to have a protective role during ischemic events, and migraine patients present a higher risk of stroke and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Rubio-Beltrán
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Maassen van den Brink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wang S, Wu BX, Liu CY, Qin GC, Yan WH, Zhou JY, Chen LX. Expression of ASIC3 in the Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Plays a Role in a Rat Model of Recurrent Migraine. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:44-52. [PMID: 30209688 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is abundant in the trigeminal nervous system and is most sensitive to a slight pH decrease. Recent studies have indicated that ASIC3 in the peripheral trigeminal ganglia is likely involved in the pathogenesis of migraine pain. However, it is unclear whether this receptor plays a role in recurrent migraine, namely, migraine chronicity. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ASIC3 in an animal model of recurrent migraine (RM). In this study, we established a rat model of RM through repeated administration of inflammatory soup (IS) onto the dura. Then, we tested the mechanical pain thresholds of the face and hindpaws by von Frey filaments. qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence labelling were used to detect the expression and localization of ASIC3 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). The protein levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), its receptor component receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) and c-Fos were analysed following treatment with the ASIC3 inhibitor APETx2 and activator 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (GMQ). We found decreased pain thresholds after repeated dural inflammatory stimulation, which suggested the establishment of an RM model. Based on this model, we observed elevated expression of ASIC3 in the TNC group compared to that in the Sham group. ASIC3 was primarily expressed in neurons but not in astrocytes of the TNC. Moreover, APETx2 attenuated tactile allodynia and significantly decreased the expression of c-Fos, CGRP and RAMP1, while GMQ aggravated these effects compared to those observed in the IS + vehicle group. These findings indicate a critical role of ASIC3 channels in the pathophysiology of RM, and ASIC3 might represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent the progression of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Xue Wu
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yang Liu
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Cheng Qin
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Yan
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Simms J, Uddin R, Sakmar TP, Gingell JJ, Garelja ML, Hay DL, Brimble MA, Harris PW, Reynolds CA, Poyner DR. Photoaffinity Cross-Linking and Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis Reveal Insights into Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Binding to the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor/Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1 (CLR/RAMP1) Complex. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4915-4922. [PMID: 30004692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) binds to the complex of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) with receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). How CGRP interacts with the transmembrane domain (including the extracellular loops) of this family B receptor remains unclear. In this study, a photoaffinity cross-linker, p-azido l-phenylalanine (azF), was incorporated into CLR, chiefly in the second extracellular loop (ECL2) using genetic code expansion and unnatural amino acid mutagenesis. The method was optimized to ensure efficient photolysis of azF residues near the transmembrane bundle of the receptor. A CGRP analogue modified with fluorescein at position 15 was used for detection of ultraviolet-induced cross-linking. The methodology was verified by confirming the known contacts of CGRP to the extracellular domain of CLR. Within ECL2, the chief contacts were I284 on the loop itself and L291, at the top of the fifth transmembrane helix (TM5). Minor contacts were noted along the lip of ECL2 between S286 and L290 and also with M223 in TM3 and F349 in TM6. Full length molecular models of the bound receptor complex suggest that CGRP sits at the top of the TM bundle, with Thr6 of the peptide making contacts with L291 and H295. I284 is likely to contact Leu12 and Ala13 of CGRP, and Leu16 of CGRP is at the ECL/extracellular domain boundary of CLR. The reduced potency, Emax, and affinity of [Leu16Ala]-human α CGRP are consistent with this model. Contacts between Thr6 of CGRP and H295 may be particularly important for receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Simms
- Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET , U.K
- Coventry University , Priory Street , Coventry CV1 5FB , U.K
| | | | - Thomas P Sakmar
- The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Joseph J Gingell
- University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Michael L Garelja
- University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Paul W Harris
- University of Auckland , 3A Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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Patil MJ, Hovhannisyan AH, Akopian AN. Characteristics of sensory neuronal groups in CGRP-cre-ER reporter mice: Comparison to Nav1.8-cre, TRPV1-cre and TRPV1-GFP mouse lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198601. [PMID: 29864146 PMCID: PMC5986144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidergic sensory neurons play a critical role in nociceptive pathways. To precisely define the function and plasticity of sensory neurons in detail, new tools such as transgenic mouse models are needed. We employed electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry to characterize in detail dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons expressing an inducible CGRPcre-ER (CGRP-cre+); and compared them to DRG neurons expressing Nav1.8cre (Nav1.8-cre+), TRPV1cre (TRPV1-cre+) and TRPV1-GFP (V1-GFP+). Tamoxifen effectively induced CGRPcre-ER production in DRG. ≈87% of CGRPcre-ER-expressing neurons were co-labeled CGRP antibody. Three small and two medium-large-sized (5HT3a+/NPY2R- and NPY2R+) neuronal groups with unique electrophysiological profiles were CGRP-cre+. Nav1.8-cre+ neurons were detected in all CGRP-cre+ groups, as well as in 5 additional neuronal groups: MrgprD+/TRPA1-, MrgprD+/TRPA1+, TRPV1+/CGRP-, vGLUT3+ and ≈30% of trkC+ neurons. Differences between TRPV1cre and Nav1.8cre reporters were that unlike TRPV1-cre+, Nav1.8-cre+ expression was detected in non-nociceptive vGLUT3+ and trkC+ populations. Many TRPV1-cre+ neurons did not respond to capsaicin. In contrast, V1-GFP+ neurons were in 4 groups, each of which was capsaicin-sensitive. Finally, none of the analyzed reporter lines showed cre-recombination in trkB+, calbindin+, 70% of trkC+ or parvalbumin+ neurons, which together encompassed ≈20% of Nav1.8-cre- DRG neurons. The data presented here increases our knowledge of peptidergic sensory neuron characteristics, while showing the efficiency and specificity manipulation of peptidergic neurons by the CGRPcre-ER reporter. We also demonstrate that manipulation of all C- and A-nociceptors is better achieved with TRPV1-cre reporter. Finally, the described approach for detailed characterization of sensory neuronal groups can be applied to a variety of reporter mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur J. Patil
- Departments of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anahit H. Hovhannisyan
- Departments of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- Departments of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Hu J, Zhuo Y, Cui L, Li C, Cui N, Zhang S. Amygdalin improves microcirculatory disturbance and attenuates pancreatic fibrosis by regulating the expression of endothelin-1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rats. J Chin Med Assoc 2018; 81:437-443. [PMID: 29129515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex process of interaction between tissue injury and repair, which involves microcirculatory disturbance. Amygdalin, an effective component extracted from Semen Persicae (a kind of Chinese herbal medicine), can decrease blood viscosity and improve microcirculation. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of amygdalin on pancreatic fibrosis in rats with CP. METHODS The rat CP model was induced by injecting dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) into the right caudal vein. Amygdalin was administrated via the penile vein at a dose of 10 mg/(kg d) from the next day, after the induction of CP, once a day for the previous 3 days, and then once every 2 days, until the end of the experiment. Body weight was observed every 7 days. Pancreatic blood flow and histopathological changes were assessed at 28 days. The activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) was estimated by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). At the same time, the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) of pancreatic tissues were detected. RESULTS Treatment of CP rats with amygdalin improved body weight and pancreatic blood flow, as well as alleviated pancreatic fibrosis and acinar destruction, accompanied by the down-regulation of the expressions of α-SMA, PDGF-BB, TGFβ-1, and ET-1, and the up-regulation of the CGRP's expression. CONCLUSION Amygdalin could reduce the production of pro-fibrotic cytokines, inhibit the activation of PSCs, and attenuate pancreatic fibrosis in a rat with CP. The mechanism probably includes improving microcirculatory disturbance by regulating the production of ET-1 and CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangong Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Cui
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naiqiang Cui
- Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, China; Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Abstract
Background Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) describes the phenomenon of recurrent vasospasm of digital arteries, associated with skin colour changes: pallor, cyanosis and erythema. Twin studies have indicated a genetic predisposition for RP; however, the precise aetiology of RP remains unknown. It is thought that genetic variation in temperature-responsive or vasospastic genes might underlie RP so performed a candidate gene study in a large, population based sample. We assessed the association between RP and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TRPA1, TRPM8, CALCA, CALCB and NOS1 genes. Methods Analysis included a total of 4276 individuals from the TwinsUK database. RP status had been determined using validated, self-administered questionnaires and was diagnosed in 640 individuals (17.6%). 66 tag SNPs across the candidate genes were tested for association with RP status using a linear regression model, accounting for covariates. Adjustment was made for multiple testing. RegulomeDB and GTEx databases were used to assess possible functional effects of the polymorphisms. Results Nominally significant associations between RP and four SNPs in NOS1 and one in CALCB were identified. After permutation testing, rs527590 SNP in NOS1 passed the significance threshold. RegulomeDB scores indicated an unlikely functional effect of this variant, while the survey of the GTEx database found the SNP and several variants in linkage disequilibrium to be cis-eQTLs in skin. Conclusion Results indicate that RP is associated with variation in gene NOS1. This finding may be related to the observation that the significant SNP in NOS1 is known to exhibit functional influence on the gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Munir
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim B. Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. K. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Booe JM, Warner ML, Roehrkasse AM, Hay DL, Pioszak AA. Probing the Mechanism of Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein Modulation of GPCR Ligand Selectivity through Rational Design of Potent Adrenomedullin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Antagonists. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:355-367. [PMID: 29363552 PMCID: PMC5832325 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of the vasodilator peptides adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the class B G protein-coupled receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) is modulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMP1 favors CGRP, whereas RAMP2 and RAMP3 favor AM. Crystal structures of peptide-bound RAMP1/2-CLR extracellular domain (ECD) heterodimers suggested RAMPs alter ligand preference through direct peptide contacts and allosteric modulation of CLR. Here, we probed this dual mechanism through rational structure-guided design of AM and CGRP antagonist variants. Variants were characterized for binding to purified RAMP1/2-CLR ECD and for antagonism of the full-length CGRP (RAMP1:CLR), AM1 (RAMP2:CLR), and AM2 (RAMP3:CLR) receptors. Short nanomolar affinity AM(37-52) and CGRP(27-37) variants were obtained through substitutions including AM S45W/Q50W and CGRP K35W/A36S designed to stabilize their β-turn. K46L and Y52F substitutions designed to exploit RAMP allosteric effects and direct peptide contacts, respectively, yielded AM variants with selectivity for the CGRP receptor over the AM1 receptor. AM(37-52) S45W/K46L/Q50W/Y52F exhibited nanomolar potency at the CGRP receptor and micromolar potency at AM1 A 2.8-Å resolution crystal structure of this variant bound to the RAMP1-CLR ECD confirmed that it bound as designed. CGRP(27-37) N31D/S34P/K35W/A36S exhibited potency and selectivity comparable to the traditional antagonist CGRP(8-37). Giving this variant the ability to contact RAMP2 through the F37Y substitution increased affinity for AM1, but it still preferred the CGRP receptor. These potent peptide antagonists with altered selectivity inform the development of AM/CGRP-based pharmacological tools and support the hypothesis that RAMPs alter CLR ligand selectivity through allosteric effects and direct peptide contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Margaret L Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Amanda M Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (J.M.B., M.L.W., A.M.R., A.A.P.) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (D.L.H.)
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Makowska K, Gonkowski S. The Influence of Inflammation and Nerve Damage on the Neurochemical Characterization of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Like Immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) Neurons in the Enteric Nervous System of the Porcine Descending Colon. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020548. [PMID: 29439512 PMCID: PMC5855770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), localized in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, regulates the functions of the intestine using a wide range of neuronally-active substances. One of them is the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), whose participation in pathological states in the large intestine remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of inflammation and nerve damage using a double immunofluorescence technique to neurochemically characterize CGRP-positive enteric nervous structures in the porcine descending colon. Both pathological factors caused an increase in the percentage of CGRP-positive enteric neurons, and these changes were the most visible in the myenteric plexus after nerve damage. Moreover, both pathological states change the degree of co-localization of CGRP with other neurochemical factors, including substance P, the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, galanin, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. The character and severity of these changes depended on the pathological factor and the type of enteric plexus. The obtained results show that CGRP-positive enteric neurons are varied in terms of neurochemical characterization and take part in adaptive processes in the descending colon during inflammation and after nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Stefanidis A, Wiedmann NM, Tyagi S, Allen AM, Watt MJ, Oldfield BJ. Insights into the neurochemical signature of the Innervation of Beige Fat. Mol Metab 2018; 11:47-58. [PMID: 29510909 PMCID: PMC6001285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The potential for brown adipose tissue (BAT) to be targeted as a therapeutic option to combat obesity has been heightened by the discovery of a brown–like form of inducible “beige” adipose tissue in white fat which has overlapping structural and functional properties to “classical” BAT. The likelihood that both beige and brown fat are recruited functionally by neural mechanisms, taken together with the lack of a detailed understanding of the nature of changes in the nervous system when white adipose tissue (WAT) is transformed to brown, provides the impetus for this study. Here, we aim to identify whether there is a shift in the gene expression profile in neurons directly innervating inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) that has undergone “beiging” to a signature that is more similar to neurons projecting to BAT. Methods Two groups of rats, one housed at thermoneutrality (27 °C) and the other exposed to cold (8 °C) for 7 days, were killed, and their T13/L1 ganglia, stellate ganglion (T1/T2), or superior cervical ganglion (SCG, C2/3) removed. This approach yielded ganglia containing neurons that innervate either beiged white fat (8 °C for 7 days), inguinal WAT (27 °C for 7 days), BAT (both 27 °C and 8 °C for 7 days) or non-WAT (8 °C for 7 days), the latter included to isolate changes in gene expression that were more aligned with a response to cold exposure than the transformation of white to beige adipocytes. Bioinformatics analyses of RNA sequencing data was performed followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to determine differential gene expression and recruitment of biosynthetic pathways. Results When iWAT is “beiged” there is a significant shift in the gene expression profile of neurons in sympathetic ganglia (T13/L1) innervating this depot toward a gene neurochemical signature that is similar to the stellate ganglion projecting to BAT. Bioinformatics analyses of “beiging” related genes revealed upregulation of genes encoding neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) within ganglionic neurons. Treatment of differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes with αMSH, one of the products cleaved from POMC, results in an elevation in lipolysis and the beiging of these cells as indicated by changes in gene expression markers of browning (Ucp1 and Ppargc1a). Conclusion These data indicate that, coincident with beiging, there is a shift toward a “brown-like” neurochemical signature of postganglionic neurons projecting to inguinal white fat, an increased expression of POMC, and, consistent with a causative role for this prohormone in beiging, an αMSH-mediated increase in beige gene markers in isolated adipocytes. RNA Seq showed shifts in neuronal gene expression following browning of white fat. Gene expression in ganglia projecting to white fat became brown-like with beiging. Bioinformatics analyses revealed neuronal gene candidates associated with beiging. Prominent gene candidates associated with beiging included POMC and CGRP. POMC cleavage product α-MSH caused beiging of cultured fat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stefanidis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole M Wiedmann
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian J Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Shinohara K, Watabe AM, Nagase M, Okutsu Y, Takahashi Y, Kurihara H, Kato F. Essential role of endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide in pain-associated plasticity in the central amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28833700 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.2017.46.issue-610.1111/ejn.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is well established in nociceptive behaviors. CGRP is highly expressed in the projection pathway from the parabrachial nucleus to the laterocapsular region of the central amygdala (CeC), which plays a critical role in relaying nociceptive information. The CeC is a key structure in pain behavior because it integrates and modulates nociceptive information along with other sensory signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that blockade of the amygdalar CGRP-signaling cascade attenuates nociceptive behaviors in pain models, while CGRP application facilitates amygdalar synaptic transmission and induces pain behaviors. Despite these lines of evidence, it remains unclear whether endogenous CGRP is involved in the development of nociceptive behaviors accompanied with amygdalar plasticity in a peripheral inflammation model in vivo. To directly address this, we utilized a previously generated CGRP knockout (KO) mouse to longitudinally study formalin-induced plasticity and nociceptive behavior. We found that synaptic potentiation in the right PB-CeC pathway that was observed in wild-type mice was drastically attenuated in the CGRP KO mice 6 h post-inflammation, when acute nociceptive behavior was no longer observed. Furthermore, the bilateral tactile allodynia 6 h post-inflammation was significantly decreased in the CGRP KO mice. In contrast, the acute nociceptive behavior immediately after the formalin injection was reduced only at 20-25 min post-injection in the CGRP KO mice. These results suggest that endogenous CGRP contributes to peripheral inflammation-induced synaptic plasticity in the amygdala, and this plasticity may underlie the exaggerated nociception-emotion linkage in pain chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shinohara
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako M Watabe
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagase
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Okutsu
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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