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Frederiksen CG, Sedeh FB, Taudorf EH, Saunte DM, Jemec GBE. Orismilast for the treatment of mild to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Week 16 data from OSIRIS, a Phase 2a, open-label, single-centre, single-arm, dose-finding clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:920-930. [PMID: 38147438 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease with an unmet need for treatment. OBJECTIVE To examine tolerability, safety and efficacy of oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitior orismilast 10-40 mg twice daily (BID) in HS. METHODS A Phase 2a, single-arm, single-centre, open-label, 16-week trial in HS patients. Adjustments in maximal dose and titration were allowed, to improve tolerability, dividing the study population in two groups who completed and discontinued 16 weeks of treatment. Descriptive statistics were applied to efficacy data from patients who completed treatment and patients who discontinued treatment prematurely. A last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) approach was used for patients who discontinued treatment. The primary endpoint was percent change in the total number of abscesses and nodules (AN-count) at Week 16, with the HS Clinical Response with a 50% reduction in the AN-count (HiSCR50) as key secondary endpoint. RESULTS Of the 20 patients included, 9 completed 16 weeks of treatment and 11 discontinued treatment prematurely. The mean AN-count was reduced with 33.1% in patients who completed treatment and with 12.0% in patients who discontinued. HiSCR50 was achieved by 67.0% and 27.0% of patients who completed and discontinued treatment, respectively. Most adverse events were mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS Oral orismilast demonstrated a dose-dependent tolerability, with mild to moderate adverse effects. Further, the results of this exploratory trial indicate that orismilast may lead to clinical improvements in HS. However, larger trials with tolerable dose ranges are warranted. The Trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (UNI50007201) and EudraCT.ema.europa.eu (2021-000049-42).
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Frederiksen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - F B Sedeh
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - E H Taudorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - D M Saunte
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - G B E Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
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Takahashi K, Miyake K, Ito J, Shimamura H, Suenaga T, Karasuyama H, Ohashi K. Topical Application of a PDE4 Inhibitor Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis through Inhibition of Basophil IL-4 Production. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1048-1057.e8. [PMID: 37827277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effect remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we addressed this unsolved issue by analyzing the action of difamilast, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on an oxazolone-induced skin allergic inflammation commonly used as a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Topical application of difamilast ameliorated skin inflammation in association with reduced IL-4 expression even when the treatment commenced 4 days after the initiation of oxazolone challenge, showing its therapeutic effect on atopic dermatitis. IL-4-deficient mice displayed milder skin inflammation than did wild-type mice, and the difamilast treatment had little or no further therapeutic effect. This was also the case in mice depleted of basophils, predominant producers of IL-4 in the skin lesion, suggesting that difamilast may act on basophils. Notably, basophils accumulating in the skin lesion showed highly upregulated expression of Pde4b encoding the B subtype of the phosphodiesterase 4 family. Difamilast suppressed IL-4 production from basophils activated in vitro, at least in part, through inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Taken together, difamilast appeared to ameliorate atopic dermatitis inflammation through the suppression of basophil IL-4 production in the skin lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufusa Takahashi
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hinano Shimamura
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Suenaga
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Once-daily roflumilast foam for treating scalp and body psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:e71. [PMID: 37713513 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
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Lebwohl MG, Hebert AA, Gooderham MJ. Roflumilast Cream vs Vehicle Cream and Chronic Plaque Psoriasis-Reply. JAMA 2023; 329:595. [PMID: 36809324 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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5
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Smith B, Collier MR, Wu JJ. Roflumilast Cream vs Vehicle Cream and Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. JAMA 2023; 329:594-595. [PMID: 36809326 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.22646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Smith
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jashin J Wu
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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6
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Lebwohl MG, Kircik LH, Moore AY, Stein Gold L, Draelos ZD, Gooderham MJ, Papp KA, Bagel J, Bhatia N, Del Rosso JQ, Ferris LK, Green LJ, Hebert AA, Jones T, Kempers SE, Pariser DM, Yamauchi PS, Zirwas M, Albrecht L, Devani AR, Lomaga M, Feng A, Snyder S, Burnett P, Higham RC, Berk DR. Effect of Roflumilast Cream vs Vehicle Cream on Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: The DERMIS-1 and DERMIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA 2022; 328:1073-1084. [PMID: 36125472 PMCID: PMC9490499 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Once-daily roflumilast cream, 0.3%, a potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated in a phase 2b trial of patients with psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of roflumilast cream, 0.3%, applied once daily for 8 weeks in 2 trials of patients with plaque psoriasis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicenter trials (DERMIS-1 [trial 1; n = 439] and DERMIS-2 [trial 2; n = 442]) were conducted at 40 centers (trial 1) and 39 centers (trial 2) in the US and Canada between December 9, 2019, and November 16, 2020, and between December 9, 2019, and November 23, 2020, respectively. Patients aged 2 years or older with plaque psoriasis involving 2% to 20% of body surface area were enrolled. The dates of final follow-up were November 20, 2020, and November 23, 2020, for trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive roflumilast cream, 0.3% (trial 1: n = 286; trial 2: n = 290), or vehicle cream (trial 1: n = 153; trial 2: n = 152) once daily for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary efficacy end point was Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) success (clear or almost clear status plus ≥2-grade improvement from baseline [score range, 0-4]) at week 8, analyzed using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test stratified by site, baseline IGA score, and intertriginous involvement. There were 9 secondary outcomes, including intertriginous IGA success, 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, and Worst Itch Numeric Rating Scale score of 4 or higher at baseline achieving 4-point reduction (WI-NRS success) at week 8 (scale: 0 [no itch] to 10 [worst imaginable itch]; minimum clinically important difference, 4 points). RESULTS Among 881 participants (mean age, 47.5 years; 320 [36.3%] female), mean IGA scores in trial 1 were 2.9 [SD, 0.52] for roflumilast and 2.9 [SD, 0.45] for vehicle and in trial 2 were 2.9 [SD, 0.48] for roflumilast and 2.9 [SD, 0.47]) for vehicle. Statistically significantly greater percentages of roflumilast-treated patients than vehicle-treated patients had IGA success at week 8 (trial 1: 42.4% vs 6.1%; difference, 39.6% [95% CI, 32.3%-46.9%]; trial 2: 37.5% vs 6.9%; difference, 28.9% [95% CI, 20.8%-36.9%]; P < .001 for both). Of 9 secondary end points, statistically significant differences favoring roflumilast vs vehicle were observed for 8 in trial 1 and 9 in trial 2, including intertriginous IGA success (71.2% vs 13.8%; difference, 66.5% [95% CI, 47.1%-85.8%] and 68.1% vs 18.5%; difference, 51.6% [95% CI, 29.3%-73.8%]; P < .001 for both), 75% reduction in PASI score (41.6% vs 7.6%; difference, 36.1% [95% CI, 28.5%-43.8%] and 39.0% vs 5.3%; difference, 32.4% [95% CI, 24.9%-39.8%]; P < .001 for both), WI-NRS success (67.5% vs 26.8%; difference, 42.6% [95% CI, 31.3%-53.8%] and 69.4% vs 35.6%; difference, 30.2% [95% CI, 18.2%-42.2%]; P < .001 for both). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was 25.2% with roflumilast vs 23.5% with vehicle in trial 1 and 25.9% with roflumilast vs 18.4% with vehicle in trial 2. The incidence of serious adverse events was 0.7% with roflumilast vs 0.7% with vehicle in trial 1 and 0% with roflumilast vs 0.7% with vehicle in trial 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, treatment with roflumilast cream, 0.3%, compared with vehicle cream resulted in better clinical status at 8 weeks. Further research is needed to assess efficacy compared with other active treatments and to assess longer-term efficacy and safety. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04211363, NCT04211389.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon H. Kircik
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis
- Physicians Skin Care PLLC, Louisville, Kentucky
- Skin Sciences PLLC, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Angela Y. Moore
- Arlington Research Center, Arlington, Texas
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Zoe D. Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Melinda J. Gooderham
- SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Queen’s University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A. Papp
- Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- K Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Bagel
- Psoriasis Treatment Center of Central New Jersey, East Windsor
| | - Neal Bhatia
- Therapeutics Clinical Research, San Diego, California
| | - James Q. Del Rosso
- JDR Dermatology Research Center LLC, Las Vegas, Nevada
- Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Maitland, Florida
| | - Laura K. Ferris
- University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence J. Green
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - David M. Pariser
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
- Virginia Clinical Research Inc, Norfolk
| | - Paul S. Yamauchi
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Dermatology Institute and Skin Care Center Inc, Santa Monica, California
| | - Matthew Zirwas
- Dermatologists of the Central States, Bexley, Ohio
- Probity Medical Research, Bexley, Ohio
- Ohio University, Bexley, Ohio
| | - Lorne Albrecht
- Enverus Medical Research, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alim R. Devani
- Dermatology Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Lomaga
- DermEdge Research, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Feng
- Arcutis Biotherapeutics Inc, Westlake Village, California
| | - Scott Snyder
- Arcutis Biotherapeutics Inc, Westlake Village, California
| | | | | | - David R. Berk
- Arcutis Biotherapeutics Inc, Westlake Village, California
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Yu Y, Wang J, Huang X. The anti-depressant effects of a novel PDE4 inhibitor derived from resveratrol. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:418-423. [PMID: 33847209 PMCID: PMC8049461 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1907422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Resveratrol has shown anti-stress and anti-depressant-like abilities involved in inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzyme. However, its application is limited due to its low efficacy, bioavailability and selectivity. OBJECTIVE This study synthesized a new resveratrol derivative RES003 and evaluated its PDE4 inhibitory and anti-depressant-like activities in vitro and in vivo, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDEs inhibitory activities were evaluated by radioactive tracer method. Anti-depressant-like activities of novel resveratrol analogue (RES003) at doses of 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/kg was investigated by sugar water consumption and forced swimming tests using male ICR mice under chronic unpredictable stress procedure for 10 days. A total of 84 mice were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 12). Drugs and vehicle were administered (intra-gastric or intra-peritoneal) once a day from the first to the last day. The molecular mechanisms were identified by western blot. RESULTS RES003 showed more potent PDE4 inhibitory activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), 0.87 μM) and better selectivity than resveratrol (IC50, 18.8 μM). RES003 could significantly increase the consumption of sugar water (p < 0.01) and immobility time (p < 0.01) compared to vehicle-treated stressed groups at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Furthermore, RES003 could significantly increase the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein phosphorylation (10 mg/kg, p < 0.05) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression (5 and 10 mg/kg, p < 0.05 and 0.01) in mouse brain. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS RES003 could ameliorate chronic stress induced depression-like behaviours through inhibition of PDE4 and activation of cAMP-triggered phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein/BDNF signalling pathway. Consequently, RES003 is a promising lead compound for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Yu
- Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
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Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, thereby reducing inflammation. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors aim to restrict systemic drug exposure to enhance the potential for clinical benefits (in the lungs) versus adverse events (systemically). The orally administered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces exacerbation rates in the subgroup of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a history of exacerbations and the presence of chronic bronchitis, but can cause PDE4 related adverse effects due to systemic exposure. CHF6001 is an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor, while inhaled ensifentrine is an inhibitor of both PDE3 and PDE4; antagonism of PDE3 facilitates smooth muscle relaxation and hence bronchodilation. These inhaled PDE inhibitors have both reported positive findings from early phase clinical trials, and have been well tolerated. Longer term trials are needed to firmly establish the clinical benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.
| | - Simon Lea
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Papp KA, Gooderham M, Droege M, Merritt C, Osborne DW, Berk DR, Thurston AW, Smith VH, Welgus H. Roflumilast Cream Improves Signs and Symptoms of Plaque Psoriasis: Results from a Phase 1/2a Randomized, Controlled Study. J Drugs Dermatol 2021; 19:734-740. [PMID: 32845114 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.2020.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Roflumilast cream (ARQ-151) is a highly potent, selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor in development for once-daily topical treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of once-daily roflumilast cream 0.5% and 0.15% in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods: This phase 1/2a study enrolled a single-dose, open-label cohort (Cohort 1: 0.5% cream applied to 25 cm² psoriatic plaques), and a 28-day, double-blinded cohort (Cohort 2: 1:1:1 randomization to roflumilast cream 0.5%, 0.15%, or vehicle). Patients had chronic plaque psoriasis of >6 months' duration with ≤5% body surface area involvement. Outcomes included safety (adverse events) and efficacy (percentage change in the Target Plaque Severity Score [TPSS] × Target Plaque Area [TPA]) at week 4. Results: For Cohorts 1 (n=8) and 2 (n=89), adverse events (all mild/moderate; none severe or serious) were similar between active arms and vehicle. Treatment-related events were confined to the application site, without differences between drug and vehicle. No patient discontinued treatment due to adverse events. The primary efficacy endpoint was met for both roflumilast cream doses: TPSS×TPA improvement at week 4 was statistically significant for roflumilast 0.5% (P=0.0007) and 0.15% (P=0.0011) versus vehicle; significance was reached as early as 2 weeks. For both roflumilast cream doses, 66%-67% improvement from baseline was observed at week 4, without reaching a plateau, versus 38% improvement for vehicle. Conclusion: Roflumilast cream was safe and highly effective at doses of 0.5% and 0.15% and represents a potential novel once-daily topical therapy for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03392168. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(8): doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5370.
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Lin ZC, Hwang TL, Huang TH, Tahara K, Trousil J, Fang JY. Monovalent antibody-conjugated lipid-polymer nanohybrids for active targeting to desmoglein 3 of keratinocytes to attenuate psoriasiform inflammation. Theranostics 2021; 11:4567-4584. [PMID: 33754014 PMCID: PMC7978323 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment of psoriasiform inflammation, we developed actively targeted nanocarriers loaded with the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor AN2728. Methods: Phospholipid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanohybrids were prepared and conjugated with monovalent anti-desmoglein 3 antibody to bind keratinocytes. Results: The actively targeted nanohybrids were 229 nm in mean size with a nearly neutral surface charge. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed a 9-fold increase in keratinocyte uptake of targeted nanohybrids relative to non-targeted nanoparticles. The nanoparticles localized mainly in lysosomes after internalization. AN2728-loaded antibody-conjugated nanocarriers inhibited cytokine/chemokine overexpression in activated keratinocytes without affecting cell viability. The targeted nanohybrids also suppressed neutrophil migration by reducing CXCL1 and CXCL2 release from keratinocytes. Following subcutaneous administration in mice, the nanohybrids distributed to the epidermis and hair follicles. In a psoriasis-like skin mouse model, the actively targeted nanoparticles were superior to free drug and non-targeted nanoparticles in mitigating skin inflammation. Intervention with the targeted nanosystem reduced the epidermal thickness of the psoriasiform lesion from 191 to 42 µm, decreased the Psoriasis Area Severity Index by 74%, restored barrier function, and returned chemokine levels to baseline. Conclusions: Our developed nanosystem was safe and demonstrated efficient targeting properties for the treatment of cutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Chan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kohei Tahara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Aragon IV, Boyd A, Abou Saleh L, Rich J, McDonough W, Koloteva A, Richter W. Inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) potentiates the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114477. [PMID: 33609559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances, there remains a need for novel anesthetic drugs or drug combinations with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Here, we show that inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), while not inducing anesthesia by itself, potently enhances the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Treatment with several distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, significantly delayed the time-to-righting after Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, treatment with a PDE3 inhibitor, Cilostamide, or treatment with the potent, but non-brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor YM976, had no effect. These findings suggest that potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis is a class effect of brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitors, and that they act by synergizing with Isoflurane in inhibiting neuronal activity. The PDE4 family comprises four PDE4 subtypes, PDE4A to PDE4D. Genetic deletion of any of the four PDE4 subtypes in mice did not affect Isoflurane anesthesia per se. However, PDE4D knockout mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment with Naloxone or Propranolol alleviated the potentiating effect of PDE4 inhibition, implicating opioid- and β-adrenoceptor signaling in mediating PDE4 inhibitor-induced augmentation of Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, stimulation or blockade of α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic or serotonergic signaling did not affect the potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis by PDE4 inhibition. We further show that pretreatment with a PDE4 inhibitor boosts the delivery of bacteria into the lungs of mice after intranasal infection under Isoflurane, thus providing a first example that PDE4 inhibitor-induced potentiation of Isoflurane anesthesia can critically impact animal models and must be considered as a factor in experimental design. Our findings suggest that PDE4/PDE4D inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
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Paes D, Xie K, Wheeler DG, Zook D, Prickaerts J, Peters M. Inhibition of PDE2 and PDE4 synergistically improves memory consolidation processes. Neuropharmacology 2021; 184:108414. [PMID: 33249120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are the only enzymes that degrade cAMP and cGMP which are second messengers crucial to memory consolidation. Different PDE inhibitors have been developed and tested for their memory-enhancing potential, but the occurrence of side effects has hampered clinical progression. As separate inhibition of the PDE2 and PDE4 enzyme family has been shown to enhance memory, we investigated whether concurrent treatment with a PDE2 and PDE4 inhibitor can have synergistic effects on memory consolidation processes. We found that combined administration of PF-999 (PDE2 inhibitor) and roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitor) increases the phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and induces CRE-mediated gene expression. Moreover, when combined sub-effective and effective doses of PF-999 and roflumilast were administered after learning, time-dependent forgetting was abolished in an object location memory task. Pharmacokinetic assessment indicated that combined treatment does not alter exposure of the individual compounds. Taken together, these findings suggest that combined PDE2 and PDE4 inhibition has synergistic effects on memory consolidation processes at sub-effective doses, which could therefore provide a therapeutic strategy with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Keqiang Xie
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA
| | - Damian G Wheeler
- Target Discovery & Behavioral Pharmacology, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA
| | - Douglas Zook
- DMPK, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Peters
- Target Discovery & Behavioral Pharmacology, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA; Neurobiology and Behavior & Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 213 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Blednov YA, Borghese CM, Dugan MP, Pradhan S, Thodati TM, Kichili NR, Harris RA, Messing RO. Apremilast regulates acute effects of ethanol and other GABAergic drugs via protein kinase A-dependent signaling. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108220. [PMID: 32736086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors prevent hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and increase protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. PDE4 inhibitors also regulate responses to ethanol and GABAergic drugs. We investigated mechanisms by which the PDE4 inhibitor, apremilast, regulates acute effects of ethanol and GABAergic drugs in male and female mice. Apremilast prolonged the sedative-hypnotic effects of gaboxadol, zolpidem, and propofol but did not alter etomidate effects, and unexpectedly shortened the sedative-hypnotic effects of diazepam. Apremilast prolonged rotarod ataxia induced by zolpidem, propofol, and loreclezole, shortened recovery from diazepam, but had no effect on ataxia induced by gaboxadol or etomidate. The PKA inhibitor H-89 blocked apremilast's ability to prolong the sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol, gaboxadol, and propofol and to prolong ethanol- and propofol-induced ataxia. H-89 also blocked apremilast's ability to shorten the sedative-hypnotic and ataxic effects of diazepam. The β1-specific antagonist, salicylidene salicylhydrazide (SCS), produced faster recovery from ethanol- and diazepam-induced ataxia, but did not alter propofol- or etomidate-induced ataxia. SCS shortened the sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol and diazepam but not of propofol. In Xenopus oocytes, a phosphomimetic (aspartate) mutation at the PKA phosphorylation site in β1 subunits decreased the maximal GABA current in receptors containing α1 or α3, but not α2 subunits. In contrast, phosphomimetic mutations at PKA sites in β3 subunits increased the maximal GABA current in receptors containing α1 or α2, but not α3 subunits. The GABA potency and allosteric modulation by ethanol, propofol, etomidate, zolpidem, flunitrazepam, or diazepam were not altered by these mutations. We propose a model whereby apremilast increases PKA-mediated phosphorylation of β1-and β3-containing GABAA receptors and selectively alters acute tolerance to ethanol and GABAergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Cecilia M Borghese
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael P Dugan
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Swetak Pradhan
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thanvi M Thodati
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nikhita R Kichili
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - R Adron Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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14
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Lebwohl MG, Papp KA, Stein Gold L, Gooderham MJ, Kircik LH, Draelos ZD, Kempers SE, Zirwas M, Smith K, Osborne DW, Trotman ML, Navale L, Merritt C, Berk DR, Welgus H. Trial of Roflumilast Cream for Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:229-239. [PMID: 32668113 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic oral phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE-4) inhibitors have been effective in the treatment of psoriasis. Roflumilast cream contains a PDE-4 inhibitor that is being investigated for the topical treatment of psoriasis. METHODS In this phase 2b, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned adults with plaque psoriasis in a 1:1:1 ratio to use roflumilast 0.3% cream, roflumilast 0.15% cream, or vehicle (placebo) cream once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the investigator's global assessment (IGA) of a status of clear or almost clear at week 6 (assessed on a 5-point scale of plaque thickening, scaling, and erythema; a score of 0 indicates clear, 1 almost clear, and 4 severe). Secondary outcomes included an IGA score indicating clear or almost clear plus a 2-grade improvement in the IGA score for the intertriginous area and the change in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (range, 0 to 72, with higher scores indicating worse disease). Safety was also assessed. RESULTS Among 331 patients who underwent randomization, 109 were assigned to roflumilast 0.3% cream, 113 to roflumilast 0.15% cream, and 109 to vehicle cream. An IGA score indicating clear or almost clear at week 6 was observed in 28% of the patients in the roflumilast 0.3% group, in 23% in the roflumilast 0.15% group, and in 8% in the vehicle group (P<0.001 and P = 0.004 vs. vehicle for roflumilast 0.3% and 0.15%, respectively). Among the approximately 15% of patients overall who had baseline intertriginous psoriasis of at least mild severity, an IGA score at week 6 indicating clear or almost clear plus a 2-grade improvement in the intertriginous-area IGA score occurred in 73% of the patients in the roflumilast 0.3% group, 44% of those in the roflumilast 0.15% group, and 29% of those in the vehicle group. The mean baseline PASI scores were 7.7 in the roflumilast 0.3% group, 8.0 in the roflumilast 0.15% group, and 7.6 in the vehicle group; the mean change from baseline at week 6 was -50.0%, -49.0%, and -17.8%, respectively. Application-site reactions occurred with similar frequency in the roflumilast groups and the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS Roflumilast cream administered once daily to affected areas of psoriasis was superior to vehicle cream in leading to a state of clear or almost clear at 6 weeks. Longer and larger trials are needed to determine the durability and safety of roflumilast in psoriasis. (Funded by Arcutis Biotherapeutics; ARQ-151 201 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03638258.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Lebwohl
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Kim A Papp
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Linda Stein Gold
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Melinda J Gooderham
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Leon H Kircik
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Zoe D Draelos
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Steven E Kempers
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Mathew Zirwas
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Kathleen Smith
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - David W Osborne
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Marie-Louise Trotman
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Lynn Navale
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Charlotte Merritt
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - David R Berk
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
| | - Howard Welgus
- From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (M.G.L., L.H.K.); Probity Medical Research and K. Papp Clinical Research, Waterloo (K.A.P.), and the SkiN Centre for Dermatology, Probity Medical Research and Queen's University, Peterborough (M.J.G.) - both in Ontario, Canada; Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit (L.S.G.); Indiana Medical Center, Indianapolis (L.H.K.); Physicians Skin Care and DermResearch, Louisville, KY (L.H.K.); Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC (Z.D.D.); Minnesota Clinical Study Center, Fridley (S.E.K.); Dermatologists of the Central States, Probity Medical Research, and Ohio University, Bexley (M.Z.); and Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Westlake Village (K.S., D.W.O., L.N., C.M., D.R.B., H.W.), and ML Trotman Consulting, Newbury Park (M.-L.T.) - both in California
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Stein Gold LF, Takiya L, Zang C, Sanders P, Feldman SR. Demographics and Baseline Disease Characteristics of Early Responders to Crisaborole for Atopic Dermatitis. J Drugs Dermatol 2020; 19:619-624. [PMID: 32574023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crisaborole ointment, 2%, is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). This post hoc, pooled analysis identified demographic characteristics associated with early response to crisaborole. METHODS Early response was defined as day 8 Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success (clear [0] or almost clear [1] with ≥2-grade improvement), ISGA clear/almost clear, or Severity of Pruritus Scale (SPS) response (≥1-point improvement). Correlations between early response and day-29 response were calculated. RESULTS Patients were more likely to be early ISGA success responders if they were aged <12 years (P=0.0023), were white (P=0.0316), had moderate baseline disease by ISGA (P=0.0003), had not received prior AD treatment (P=0.0213), had disease duration shorter than or equal to the median (≤6.45 years; P=0.0349), or did not concurrently use antihistamines (P=0.0148). Similar early response results were observed for patients achieving ISGA clear or almost clear; however, they were more likely to have mild baseline disease by ISGA (P<0.0001) or mild percentage of treatable body surface area involvement (5 to <16; P<0.0001). Patients aged <12 years (P=0.0001) or with moderate baseline disease (P=0.0475) were more likely to be early responders based on SPS criteria. By all 3 definitions, patients who achieved early response at day 8 were more likely to be responders at day 29 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Based on this analysis, patients aged <12 years were more likely to be early responders to crisaborole per all 3 definitions. Early response to crisaborole was a predictor of response at day 29. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02118766 and NCT02118792 J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(6): doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5095THIS ARTICLE HAD BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO ACCESS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS ARTICLE WITHOUT LOGGING IN. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. PLEASE CONTACT THE PUBLISHER WITH ANY QUESTIONS.
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16
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Bridgewood C, Damiani G, Sharif K, Watad A, Bragazzi NL, Quartuccio L, Savic S, McGonagle D. Rationale for Evaluating PDE4 Inhibition for Mitigating against Severe Inflammation in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Beyond. Isr Med Assoc J 2020; 22:335-339. [PMID: 32558435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of definitive anti-viral therapy, there is considerable interest in mitigating against severe inflammatory reactions in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia to improve survival. These reactions are sometimes termed cytokine storm. PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4i) have anti-inflammatory properties with approved indications in inflammatory skin and joint diseases as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, multiple animal models demonstrate strong anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4i in respiratory models of viral and bacterial infection and also after chemically mediated lung injury. The rationale for PDE4i use in COVID-19 patients comes from the multimodal mechanism of action with cytokine, chemokine, and other key pathway inhibition all achieved with an excellent safety profile. We highlight how PDE4i could be an overlooked treatment from the rheumatologic and respiratory armamentarium, which has potential beneficial immune-modulation for treating severe COVID-19 pneumonia associated with cytokine storms. The proposed use of PDE4i is also supported by age-related immune changes in inflammation severity in PDE4i modifiable pathways in primate coronavirus disease. In conclusion, over-exuberant anti-viral immune responses in older patients with COVID-19 may pose a substantial risk to patient survival and mitigation against such hyper-inflammation with PDE4i, especially with anti-viral agents, is a strategy that need to be pursed, especially in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Bridgewood
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Clinic of Rheumatology, ASUFC, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cough, sputum production or dyspnoea, and a reduction in lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. Apart from smoking cessation, no other treatments that slow lung function decline are available. Roflumilast and cilomilast are oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE₄) inhibitors proposed to reduce the airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction seen in COPD. This Cochrane Review was first published in 2011, and was updated in 2017 and 2020. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral PDE₄ inhibitors for management of stable COPD. SEARCH METHODS We identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the Cochrane Airways Trials Register (date of last search 9 March 2020). We found other trials at web-based clinical trials registers. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs if they compared oral PDE₄ inhibitors with placebo in people with COPD. We allowed co-administration of standard COPD therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Two independent review authors selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We resolved discrepancies by involving a third review author. We assessed our confidence in the evidence by using GRADE recommendations. Primary outcomes were change in lung function (minimally important difference (MID) = 100 mL) and quality of life (scale 0 to 100; higher score indicates more limitations). MAIN RESULTS We found 42 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses for roflumilast (28 trials with 18,046 participants) or cilomilast (14 trials with 6457 participants) or tetomilast (1 trial with 84 participants), with a duration between six weeks and one year or longer. These trials included people across international study centres with moderate to very severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades II to IV), with mean age of 64 years. We judged risks of selection bias, performance bias, and attrition bias as low overall amongst the 39 published and unpublished trials. Lung function Treatment with a PDE₄ inhibitor was associated with a small, clinically insignificant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) over a mean of 40 weeks compared with placebo (mean difference (MD) 49.33 mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 44.17 to 54.49; participants = 20,815; studies = 29; moderate-certainty evidence). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were also improved over 40 weeks (FVC: MD 86.98 mL, 95% CI 74.65 to 99.31; participants = 22,108; studies = 17; high-certainty evidence; PEF: MD 6.54 L/min, 95% CI 3.95 to 9.13; participants = 4245; studies = 6; low-certainty evidence). Quality of life Trials reported improvements in quality of life over a mean of 33 weeks (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) MD -1.06 units, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.43; participants = 7645 ; moderate-certainty evidence). Incidence of exacerbations Treatment with a PDE₄ inhibitor was associated with a reduced likelihood of COPD exacerbation over a mean of 40 weeks (odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.84; participants = 20,382; studies = 27; high-certainty evidence), that is, for every 100 people treated with PDE₄ inhibitors, five more remained exacerbation-free during the study period compared with those given placebo (number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 20, 95% CI 16 to 27). No change in COPD-related symptoms nor in exercise tolerance was found. Adverse events More participants in the treatment groups experienced an adverse effect compared with control participants over a mean of 39 weeks (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.38; participants = 21,310; studies = 30; low-certainty evidence). Participants experienced a range of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, or dyspepsia. Diarrhoea was more commonly reported with PDE₄ inhibitor treatment (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.74 to 3.50; participants = 20,623; studies = 29; high-certainty evidence), that is, for every 100 people treated with PDE₄ inhibitors, seven more suffered from diarrhoea during the study period compared with those given placebo (number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) 15, 95% CI 13 to 17). The likelihood of psychiatric adverse events was higher with roflumilast 500 µg than with placebo (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.54; participants = 11,168; studies = 15 (COPD pool data); moderate-certainty evidence). Roflumilast in particular was associated with weight loss during the trial period and with an increase in insomnia and depressive mood symptoms. Participants treated with PDE₄ inhibitors were more likely to withdraw from trial participation; on average, 14% in the treatment groups withdrew compared with 8% in the control groups. Mortality No effect on mortality was found (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.24; participants = 19,786; studies = 27; moderate-certainty evidence), although mortality was a rare event during these trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS For this current update, five new studies from the 2020 search contributed to existing findings but made little impact on outcomes described in earlier versions of this review. PDE₄ inhibitors offered a small benefit over placebo in improving lung function and reducing the likelihood of exacerbations in people with COPD; however, they had little impact on quality of life or on symptoms. Gastrointestinal adverse effects and weight loss were common, and the likelihood of psychiatric symptoms was higher, with roflumilast 500 µg. The findings of this review provide cautious support for the use of PDE₄ inhibitors in COPD. In accordance with GOLD 2020 guidelines, they may have a place as add-on therapy for a subgroup of people with persistent symptoms or exacerbations despite optimal COPD management (e.g. people whose condition is not controlled by fixed-dose long-acting beta₂-agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations). More longer-term trials are needed to determine whether or not PDE₄ inhibitors modify FEV₁ decline, hospitalisation, or mortality in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Janjua
- Cochrane Airways, Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Fortescue
- Cochrane Airways, Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Phillippa Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Parker J, Neill B, Whitsitt J, Rajpara A, Aires D. Exacerbation of Pediatric Periorificial Dermatitis: A Novel Adverse Reaction. J Drugs Dermatol 2020; 19:428. [PMID: 32401455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Singh D, Martinez FJ, Watz H, Bengtsson T, Maurer BT. A dose-ranging study of the inhaled dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor ensifentrine in COPD. Respir Res 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 32041601 PMCID: PMC7011474 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) still experience daily symptoms, exacerbations, and accelerated lung function decline, even when receiving maximal combined treatment with inhaled long-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Novel treatment options are needed for these patients. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that impact a range of cellular functions by modulating levels of cyclic nucleotides, and there is evidence to suggest that combined inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 can have additive (or perhaps synergistic) effects. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of ensifentrine, a first-in-class dual inhibitor of PDE 3 and 4, in patients with COPD. METHODS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study recruited patients with COPD, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 40-80% predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio ≤ 0.7. Patients were randomised equally to inhale nebulised ensifentrine 0.75, 1.5, 3 or 6 mg or placebo, all twice daily. PRIMARY OUTCOME placebo-adjusted difference in peak FEV1 (assessed over 3 h) at Week 4. RESULTS The study took place between July 2017 and February 2018. Of 405 patients randomly assigned to medication, 375 (92.6%) completed the study. For peak FEV1 at Week 4, all four ensifentrine doses were superior to placebo (p ≤ 0.0001) with least squares mean differences of 146 (95% CI 75-216), 153 (83-222), 200 (131-270) and 139 (69-210) mL for ensifentrine 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg, respectively. Respiratory symptoms (assessed using the Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms questionnaire) were also significantly improved with all ensifentrine doses at Week 4. Adverse events were reported by 33.3, 44.4, 35.4 and 36.3% patients with ensifentrine 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg, respectively, and 39.2% with placebo. CONCLUSIONS In this four-week Phase IIb study, all four ensifentrine doses significantly improved bronchodilation and symptoms, with a dose-ranging effect from 0.75 to 3 mg twice daily, and all doses well tolerated. The study supports the continuing development of ensifentrine in COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2016-005205-40, registered 30 May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester & Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, and University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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Saeki H, Baba N, Oshiden K, Abe Y, Tsubouchi H. Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OPA- 15406 (difamilast), a new topical selective phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor, in Japanese pediatric patients aged 2-14 years with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2020; 47:17-24. [PMID: 31713267 PMCID: PMC6972691 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of OPA-15406 (international non-proprietary name, difamilast; also referred to as MM36), a new topical, selective phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor, in Japanese pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis aged 2-14 years were evaluated in a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 4-week study. Seventy-three patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive OPA-15406 0.3%, OPA-15406 1% or vehicle ointment twice daily for 4 weeks. The mean age of patients was similar across treatment groups. No deaths or serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported; all treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation was 4.2% (1/24) in the OPA-15406 0.3% group, 4.0% (1/25) in the OPA-15406 1% group and 16.7% (4/24) in the vehicle group, all of which were worsening of atopic dermatitis. Both OPA-15406 groups demonstrated a higher incidence of success in the Investigator Global Assessment score compared with the vehicle group over the 4-week study. The OPA-15406 groups also showed greater improvements from baseline compared with the vehicle group in the Investigator Global Assessment score, Eczema Area and Severity Index overall score and subscale (erythema, induration/papulation, excoriation and lichenification) scores, Visual Analog Scale pruritus score, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure score, and percentage of affected body surface area over the 4-week study. Topical OPA-15406 twice daily for 4 weeks was considered a safe and effective treatment option in this phase 2 study in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis, and phase 3 development is currently ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of DermatologyNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Naoko Baba
- Kanagawa Children’s Medical CenterKanagawaJapan
| | - Kazuhide Oshiden
- Headquarters of Clinical DevelopmentOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Yuji Abe
- Headquarters of Clinical DevelopmentOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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21
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Cao HY, Yu TH, Han CH, Liu WW, Zhang PX, Tang P. Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, improves hyperoxia-induced lung injury via anti-inflammation. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020; 47:189-196. [PMID: 32574434 DOI: 10.22462/04.06.2020.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Roflumilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and can suppress the hydrolysis of cAMP in inflammatory cells, conferring anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of roflumilast on hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into: control group; HALI group; 2.5 mg/kg roflumilast group; and 5 mg/kg roflumilast group. Rats were pressurized to 250 kPa with pure oxygen to induce lung injury. In the roflumilast groups, rats were orally administered with roflumilast at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg once before hyperoxia exposure and once daily for two days after exposure. Rats were sacrificed 72 hours after hyperoxia exposure. The lung tissues were collected for the detection of lung water content, inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB/p-NF-κB protein expression, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was harvested for the measurement of protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Results showed roflumilast at different doses could significantly reduce lung edema, improve lung pathology and reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lung. The protective effects seemed to be related to the dose of roflumilast. Our study indicates roflumilast has the potential as a medication for the treatment of HALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Hua Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Penglai City, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hong Han
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Wu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China
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22
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Drugs for psoriatic arthritis. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2019; 61:203-10. [PMID: 31999665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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23
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Simpson EL, Yosipovitch G, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Luger T, Ständer S, Tom WL, Ports WC, Zielinski MA, Tallman AM, Tan H, Gerber RA. Direct and Indirect Effects of Crisaborole Ointment on Quality of Life in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Mediation Analysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:756-761. [PMID: 30896779 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crisaborole ointment is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Using pooled data from two phase 3 studies (NCT02118766/NCT02118792), mediation modeling determined the interrelationship among pruritus, quality of life (QoL), and treatment. Patients aged ≥ 2 years received crisaborole ointment 2% or vehicle twice daily for 28 days. QoL measures were Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (≥ 16 years) and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) (2-15 years). Pruritus was assessed by the Severity of Pruritus Scale (4-point scale from 0 to 3). The indirect effect of crisaborole on QoL mediated through its effect on pruritus was 51% (DLQI model, p < 0.05) and 72% (CDLQI model, p < 0.05). Direct effect (other effects) on QoL was 49% (DLQI model, p < 0.05) and 28% (CDLQI model, p > 0.05). Mediation modeling shows that crisaborole affects QoL mostly indirectly through pruritus severity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, 97225 Portland, USA.
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Jolling K, Äbelö A, Luyckx N, Nandeuil M, Govoni M, Cella M, Lindauer A. Concentration-QT Modeling Following Inhalation of the Novel Inhaled Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor CHF6001 in Healthy Volunteers Shows an Absence of QT Prolongation. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019; 8:460-468. [PMID: 31077576 PMCID: PMC6656937 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration-QTcF data obtained from two phase I studies in healthy volunteers treated with a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were analyzed by means of mixed-effects modeling. A simple linear mixed-effects model and a more complex model that included oscillatory functions were employed and compared. The slope of the concentration-QTcF relationship was not significantly greater than 0 in both approaches, and the simulations showed that the upper limit of the 90% confidence interval around the mean ΔΔQTcF is not expected to exceed 10 ms within the range of clinically relevant concentrations. An additional simulation study confirmed the robustness of the simple linear mixed-effects model for the analysis of concentration-QT data and supported the modeling of data obtained from studies with different designs (parallel and crossover).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Jolling
- SGSMechelenBelgium
- Present address:
qPharmetraNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Angela Äbelö
- SGSMechelenBelgium
- Present address:
PharmetheusUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical DevelopmentChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.AParmaItaly
| | - Massimo Cella
- Global Clinical DevelopmentChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.AParmaItaly
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Woo TE, Kuzel P. Crisaborole 2% Ointment (Eucrisa) for Atopic Dermatitis. Skin Therapy Lett 2019; 24:4-6. [PMID: 30970204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common cutaneous disease with significant morbidity affecting children and adults. The mainstay of atopic dermatitis therapy has typically included emollients, topical corticosteroids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors. Among the newer advances recently introduced is crisaborole (Eucrisa™), a phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor (PDE-4) for the treatment of mild moderate atopic dermatitis. Evidence from phase 3 trials demonstrates crisaborole as an efficacious topical agent with a favorable safety profile and limited systemic exposure. While the efficacy of crisaborole compared to existing therapies remains unknown, crisaborole is a promising candidate in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Evart Woo
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Kuzel
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mariotti F, Govoni M, Lucci G, Santoro D, Nandeuil MA. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and repeat ascending doses of CHF6001, a novel inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor: two randomized trials in healthy volunteers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3399-3410. [PMID: 30425469 PMCID: PMC6203112 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s174156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of CHF6001, an inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two healthy volunteer, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted. In each, Part 1 evaluated single ascending doses, with PK sampling up to 48 hours post-dose; Part 2 evaluated multiple ascending doses (Study 1, 7 days; Study 2, 14 days), with PK sampling up to 24 hours post-dose on first and last day of each period. In Study 1, treatments were administered via single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI; Aerolizer): Part 1, 20, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 2,000 µg or placebo; Part 2, 100, 300, 600, 1,200, and 1,600 µg or placebo once daily (OD). In Study 2, treatments were administered via multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (MDDPI; NEXThaler): Part 1, 2,400, 4,000, and 4,800 µg or placebo; Part 2, 1,200, 2,000, or 2,400 µg twice daily (BID) or placebo. Modeling and simulation then compared OD and BID dosing via MDDPI. RESULTS There was a clear correlation between CHF6001 dose and plasma concentration, following single and multiple doses and using SDDPI and MDDPI. CHF6001 plasma concentration area under the curve (AUC) was dose proportional, with steady state slopes of the fitted line of 0.95 (90% CI: 0.86, 1.04) for AUC0-24 h in Study 1, and 0.85 (90% CI: 0.38, 1.32) for AUC0-12 h in Study 2. Bioavailability waŝ30% higher with MDDPI than SDDPI. The PK simulation confirmed dose proportionality; the same total daily dose OD or BID via MDDPI resulted in similar 24 hours exposure, with BID dosing providing smaller fluctuation and lower maximum concentration. CHF6001 was well tolerated with no relationship between dose and adverse events. CONCLUSION CHF6001 demonstrated a good safety profile. There was a clear dose proportionality for systemic exposure, with higher bioavailability via MDDPI, suggesting that the MDDPI provides better pulmonary drug deposition. BID dosing was associated with a better exposure profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy,
| | - Germano Lucci
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy,
| | - Debora Santoro
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy,
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Kiff C, Ruiz S, Varol N, Gibson D, Davies A, Purkayastha D. Cost-effectiveness of roflumilast as an add-on to triple inhaled therapy vs triple inhaled therapy in patients with severe and very severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis in the UK. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2707-2720. [PMID: 30214188 PMCID: PMC6128277 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s167730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with severe COPD are at high risk of experiencing disease exacerbations, which require additional treatment and are associated with elevated mortality and increased risk of future exacerbations. Some patients continue to experience exacerbations despite receiving triple inhaled therapy (ICS plus LAMA plus LABA). Roflumilast is recommended by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease as add-on treatment to triple inhaled therapy for these patients. This cost-effectiveness analysis compared costs and quality-adjusted life-years for roflumilast plus triple inhaled therapy vs triple inhaled therapy alone, using data from the REACT and RE2SPOND trials. Patients and methods Patients included in the analysis had severe to very severe COPD, FEV1 <50% predicted, symptoms of chronic bronchitis and ≥2 exacerbations per year. Our model was adapted from a previously published and validated model, and the analyses conducted from a UK National Health Service perspective. A scenario analysis considered a subset of patients who had experienced at least one COPD-related hospitalization within the previous year. Results Roflumilast as add-on to triple inhaled therapy was associated with non-significant reductions in rates of both moderate and severe exacerbations compared with triple inhaled therapy alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for roflumilast as add-on to triple inhaled therapy was £24,976. In patients who had experienced previous hospitalization, roflumilast was associated with a non-significant reduction in the rate of moderate exacerbations, and a statistically significant reduction in the rate of severe exacerbations. The ICER for roflumilast in this population was £7,087. Conclusions Roflumilast is a cost-effective treatment option for patients with severe or very severe COPD, chronic bronchitis, and a history of exacerbations. The availability of roflumilast as add-on treatment addresses an important unmet need in this patient population.
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Facius A, Marostica E, Gardiner P, Watz H, Lahu G. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling to Characterize the Tolerability of Alternative Up-Titration Regimens of Roflumilast in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 57:1029-1038. [PMID: 29797235 PMCID: PMC6028881 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the OPTIMIZE study, 4 weeks of roflumilast 250 µg once daily before escalation to the approved 500 µg once daily maintenance dose reduced treatment discontinuations and improved tolerability to roflumilast among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we present the pharmacokinetic (PK) results and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling data from OPTIMIZE. METHODS OPTIMIZE was a multicentre, double-blind, phase III study in which patients with severe COPD were randomized 1:1:1 to receive oral roflumilast 250 μg once daily, 500 μg every other day, or 500 μg once daily for 4 weeks, followed by 500 μg once daily for 8 weeks. A population PK (popPK) model characterized roflumilast exposure levels (total phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition [tPDE4i]). Furthermore, models characterized the percentage of patients with adverse events (AEs) of interest (PK/AE model), and time to discontinuation due to such AEs (PK/time-to-event model). RESULTS The popPK model adequately described average plasma concentrations and variability from 1238 patients. The percentage of patients with AEs of interest increased with predicted tPDE4i exposure (logit scale slope 0.484; confidence interval 0.262-0.706; p = 2 × 10-5). PK/time-to-event model analysis predicted that patients receiving the 250 μg up-titration regimen had significantly lower discontinuation rates and longer time to discontinuation compared with roflumilast 500 μg every other day or 500 μg once daily (p = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS In this PK/PD model, a 4-week up-titration regimen with roflumilast 250 µg once daily was found to reduce discontinuations and improve tolerability, confirming the main clinical findings of the OPTIMIZE study. However, use of this lower dose as long-term maintenance therapy may not induce sufficient phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition to exert clinical efficacy, supporting the approval of 500 µg as maintenance dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION OPTIMIZE: NCT02165826; REACT: NCT01329029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Facius
- thinkQ2 AG, Oberneuhofstr. 5, 6340, Baar, Switzerland.
| | - Eleonora Marostica
- LAP&P Consultants BV, Archimedesweg 31, 2333 CM, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henrik Watz
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Gezim Lahu
- thinkQ2 AG, Oberneuhofstr. 5, 6340, Baar, Switzerland
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Sisson TH, Christensen PJ, Muraki Y, Dils AJ, Chibucos L, Subbotina N, Tohyama K, Horowitz JC, Matsuo T, Bailie M, Nikam S, Hazama M. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition reduces lung fibrosis following targeted type II alveolar epithelial cell injury. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13753. [PMID: 29952109 PMCID: PMC6021279 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis of the lung constitutes a major clinical challenge and novel therapies are required to alleviate the associated morbidity and mortality. Investigating the antifibrotic efficacy of drugs that are already in clinical practice offers an efficient strategy to identify new therapies. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, harbor therapeutic potential for pulmonary fibrosis by augmenting the activity of endogenous antifibrotic mediators that signal through cyclic AMP. In this study, we tested the efficacy of several PDE4 inhibitors including a novel compound (Compound 1) in a murine model of lung fibrosis that results from a targeted type II alveolar epithelial cell injury. We also compared the antifibrotic activity of PDE4 inhibition to the two therapies that are FDA-approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (pirfenidone and nintedanib). We found that both preventative (day 0-21) and therapeutic (day 11-21) dosing regimens of the PDE4 inhibitors significantly ameliorated the weight loss and lung collagen accumulation that are the sequelae of targeted epithelial cell damage. In a therapeutic protocol, the reduction in lung fibrosis with PDE4 inhibitor administration was equivalent to pirfenidone and nintedanib. Treatment with this class of drugs also resulted in a decrease in plasma surfactant protein D concentration, a reduction in the plasma levels of several chemokines implicated in lung fibrosis, and an in vitro inhibition of fibroblast profibrotic gene expression. These results motivate further investigation of PDE4 inhibition as a treatment for patients with fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Sisson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Paul J. Christensen
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWilliam Beaumont Medical CenterTroyMichigan
| | - Yo Muraki
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
| | - Anthony J. Dils
- Pulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Lauren Chibucos
- Pulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Natalya Subbotina
- Pulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichigan
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Pulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichigan
| | | | - Marc Bailie
- In Vivo FacilityDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Sham Nikam
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
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Hanif M, Qureshi J, Ijaz H, Mustafa MI, Rasul A, Amir N, Aftab B, Fayyaz A. Mini Review: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, its new drug treatments and strategies: A review. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:967-971. [PMID: 29716881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a complicated disease. Current available treatments are just for symptomatic relief and they cannot reverse the damages to lungs tissues due to alveolar destruction in COPD. Research is being conducted to evaluate new treatments and strategies to find specific treatments to minimize the symptoms of COPD. A new mixture of herbal medicine i.e AKL1 has emerged and thought to cure COPD symptoms especially cough related quality of life of COPD patients. Although, the results have showed no significant difference as compared to placebo but researchers recommend further evaluation in a large population (COPD Patients) group. Another medicine Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, was also found to be effective to treat COPD under specific recommendations with further research needed. Finally another medicine Indacaterol, a novel, once-daily (o.d) inhaled long-acting β2-agonist proved to be effective clinically to treat COPD related broncho-constriction and also increasing the COPD patient's compliance by reducing the number of doses as compared to other conventional inhaled bronchodilators such as Albuterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hira Ijaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Akhtar Rasul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Amir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Basma Aftab
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Fayyaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Yosipovitch G, Gold LF, Lebwohl MG, Silverberg JI, Tallman AM, Zane LT. Early Relief of Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis with Crisaborole Ointment, A Non-steroidal, Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor. Acta Derm Venereol 2018; 98:484-489. [PMID: 29363715 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus occurs in all patients with atopic dermatitis and requires quick relief to reduce disease exacerbation and improve quality of life. Crisaborole ointment is a non-steroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. This post hoc analysis explores crisaborole ointment for early relief of pruritus in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis from 2 phase III studies. Patients received crisaborole or vehicle twice daily for 28 days. Pruritus was graded on a 4-point scale of none (0) to severe (3). Early improvement in pruritus required a score of none (0) or mild (1), with a ≥ 1-grade improvement from baseline on day 6. Significantly more patients experienced early improvement in pruritus with crisaborole than with vehicle (56.6% vs 39.5%; p< 0.001), including at earliest assessment (day 2, 34.3% vs 27.3%; p = 0.013). Crisaborole is a topical treatment option that can rapidly relieve atopic dermatitis-associated pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 2023A, 33136 Miami, FL, USA. ,
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Blöcher R, Wagner KM, Gopireddy RR, Harris TR, Wu H, Barnych B, Hwang SH, Xiang YK, Proschak E, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Orally Available Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Phosphodiesterase 4 Dual Inhibitor Treats Inflammatory Pain. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3541-3550. [PMID: 29614224 PMCID: PMC5933862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by previously discovered enhanced analgesic efficacy between soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, we designed, synthesized and characterized 21 novel sEH/PDE4 dual inhibitors. The best of these displayed good efficacy in in vitro assays. Further pharmacokinetic studies of a subset of four selected compounds led to the identification of a bioavailable dual inhibitor N-(4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1-propionylpiperidine-4-carboxamide (MPPA). In a lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory pain rat model, MPPA rapidly increased in the blood ( Tmax = 30 min; Cmax = 460 nM) after oral administration of 3 mg/kg and reduced inflammatory pain with rapid onset of action correlating with blood levels over a time course of 4 h. Additionally, MPPA does not alter self-motivated exploration of rats with inflammatory pain or the withdrawal latency in control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Blöcher
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Raghavender R. Gopireddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A., and VA Northern California Health Care System, CA 95655 Mather, U.S.A
| | - Todd R. Harris
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A., and VA Northern California Health Care System, CA 95655 Mather, U.S.A
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of roflumilast for treating Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS A total of 120 patients with COPD were recruited and were randomly divided into 2 groups (an intervention group and a placebo group) at a 1:1 ratio. Patients received either roflumilast or placebo 500 μg once daily for a total of 12 months. The primary outcome was lung function, measured by the change from baseline of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FVC = forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEF25-75%. The secondary outcome measurements included the quality of life, measured with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). All outcomes were measured at the end of 12-month treatment and 3-month follow-up after the treatment. In addition, adverse events (AEs) were also recorded during the treatment period. RESULTS FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%, and SGRQ were significantly better in the intervention group than those in the placebo group at the end of 12-month treatment and 3-month follow up after treatment. Moreover, AEs were much higher with roflumilast than placebo in this study. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that roflumilast has promising effect to improve lung function in Chinese population with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Yan’an, Yan’an
| | - Zhi-guo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Yan’an, Yan’an
| | - Hui-min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Yu-xiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an
| | - Xiao-jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an
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Titus DJ, Wilson NM, Alcazar O, Calixte DA, Dietrich WD, Gurney ME, Atkins CM. A negative allosteric modulator of PDE4D enhances learning after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 148:38-49. [PMID: 29294383 PMCID: PMC5844849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly decreases cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling which produces long-term synaptic plasticity deficits and chronic learning and memory impairments. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a major family of cAMP hydrolyzing enzymes in the brain and of the four PDE4 subtypes, PDE4D in particular has been found to be involved in memory formation. Although most PDE4 inhibitors target all PDE4 subtypes, PDE4D can be targeted with a selective, negative allosteric modulator, D159687. In this study, we hypothesized that treating animals with D159687 could reverse the cognitive deficits caused by TBI. To test this hypothesis, adult male Sprague Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury. After 3 months of recovery, animals were treated with D159687 (0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) at 30 min prior to cue and contextual fear conditioning, acquisition in the water maze or during a spatial working memory task. Treatment with D159687 had no significant effect on these behavioral tasks in non-injured, sham animals, but did reverse the learning and memory deficits in chronic TBI animals. Assessment of hippocampal slices at 3 months post-TBI revealed that D159687 reversed both the depression in basal synaptic transmission in area CA1 as well as the late-phase of long-term potentiation. These results demonstrate that a negative allosteric modulator of PDE4D may be a potential therapeutic to improve chronic cognitive dysfunction following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Titus
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14 Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nicole M Wilson
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14 Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Oscar Alcazar
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14 Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dale A Calixte
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14 Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14 Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark E Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Inc., 38 Fulton Street West, Suite 303, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Coleen M Atkins
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14 Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Stein Gold L, Bagel J, Lebwohl M, Jackson JM, Chen R, Goncalves J, Levi E, Duffin KC. Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Systemic- and Biologic-Naive Patients With Moderate Plaque Psoriasis: 52-Week Results of UNVEIL. J Drugs Dermatol 2018; 17:221-228. [PMID: 29462231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
<p>BACKGROUND: Many patients with moderate plaque psoriasis are undertreated despite broadening treatment options. In the phase IV UNVEIL study, oral apremilast demonstrated efficacy and safety in systemic-naive patients with chronic moderate plaque psoriasis with lower psoriasis-involved body surface area (BSA; 5%-10%) during the 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase. We describe efficacy and safety of apremilast in this population through week 52 in UNVEIL.</p> <p>METHODS: Patients with moderate plaque psoriasis (BSA 5%-10%; static Physician's Global Assessment [sPGA] score of 3 [moderate]) and naive to systemic therapies for psoriasis were randomized (2:1) to receive apremilast 30 mg twice daily or placebo for 16 weeks. At week 16, patients continued on apremilast (apremilast/apremilast) or were switched from placebo to apremilast (placebo/apremilast) through week 52 (open-label apremilast treatment phase). Efficacy assessments included the product of sPGA and BSA (PGAxBSA) (mean percentage change from baseline; ≥75% reduction from baseline [PGAxBSA-75]), sPGA response (achievement of score of 0 [clear] or 1 [almost clear]), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI; mean change from baseline).</p> <p>RESULTS: A total of 136 patients completed the 52-week analysis period (placebo/apremilast, n=50/64; apremilast/apremilast, n=86/121). At week 52, improvements in all efficacy end points observed at week 16 were maintained in the apremilast/apremilast group (mean percentage change from baseline in PGAxBSA: -55.5%; PGAxBSA-75: 42.1%; sPGA response: 33.1%; mean change from baseline in DLQI score: -4.4); similar improvements emerged in the placebo/apremilast group after switching to apremilast. The most common adverse events (≥5% of patients) through week 52 were diarrhea (28.0%), nausea (19.0%), headache (15.2%), nasopharyngitis (10.4%), upper respiratory tract infection (7.1%), vomiting (5.7%), and decreased appetite (5.2%).</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: Apremilast was effective in systemic-naive patients with moderate plaque psoriasis with BSA 5%-10%; efficacy was sustained through week 52. No new safety signals emerged with continued apremilast exposure.</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02425826</p> <p>J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(2):221-228.</p> <p>THIS ARTICLE HAD BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE.</p> <p>PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO ACCESS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS ARTICLE WITHOUT LOGGING IN.</p> <p>NO PURCHASE NECESSARY.</p> PLEASE CONTACT THE PUBLISHER WITH ANY QUESTIONS.
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Armstrong A, Levi E. Real-World Clinical Experience With Apremilast in a Large US Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol 2017; 16:1240-1245. [PMID: 29240859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine real-world use and patient outcomes with apremilast, an oral PDE4 inhibitor, in the dermatology practice set-ting for treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.</p> <p>METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, longitudinal, observational cohort study used Modernizing Medicine's electronic medi-cal record (EMR) database of 5000 US dermatology providers. There were 7517 adults aged ≥18 years with a psoriasis diagnosis (ICD-9, ICD-10) who received apremilast therapy from October 1, 2015, to January 31, 2016, and were included in efficacy and safety analyses. Among patients who switched from non-apremilast to apremilast monotherapy, the majority (74.2%) switched from prior topical treatment. RESULTS: At apremilast initiation, in systemic-naive and systemic-experienced patients, mean (SD) Physician Global Assessment (PGA) was 2.79 (0.13) and 2.48 (0.15); mean (SD) psoriasis-affected body surface area (BSA) was 17.85% (2.27) and 12.93% (2.59); and mean itch numeric rating scale (NRS; 0=no itch, 10=worst itch possible) score was 4.14 and 3.82, respectively. Within 6 months of apremilast initiation, PGA decreased (mean [SD]) in systemic-naive patients (-1.71 [0.19], P less than0.001) and systemic-experienced patients (-1.02 [0.18], P less than 0.001); 26.8% (systemic-naive) and 25.5% (systemic-experienced) of patients achieved a PGA score of 0 or 1. Likewise, statistically significant reductions in BSA were noted in systemic-naive patients (~62% reduction from baseline; P less than 0.01) and systemic-experienced patients (~60% reduction from baseline; P=0.002). Mean itch NRS decreased to 2.38 in systemic-naive patients (P=0.139) and 0.0 in systemic-experienced patients (P=0.034). Of 160 patients with ≥1 assessment of patient-perceived overall treatment effectiveness, 138 (86.2%) strongly/somewhat agreed apremilast was effective in clearing their skin of psoriasis. For safety analyses, body weight was available in the EMR database and decreased in systemic-naive patients (-1.75 kg) and systemic-experienced patients (-1.09 kg). CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the effectiveness of apremilast in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in dermatology clinical practices. Patients perceived apremilast to be effective.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cough, sputum production or dyspnoea and a reduction in lung function, quality of life and life expectancy. Apart from smoking cessation, there are no other treatments that slow lung function decline. Roflumilast and cilomilast are oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors proposed to reduce the airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction seen in COPD. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2011 and updated in 2013. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral PDE4 inhibitors in the management of stable COPD. SEARCH METHODS We identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the Cochrane Airways Trials Register (date of last search October 2016). We found other trials from web-based clinical trials registers. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs if they compared oral PDE4 inhibitors with placebo in people with COPD. We allowed co-administration of standard COPD therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One review author extracted data and a second review author checked the data. We reported pooled data in Review Manager as mean differences (MD), standardised mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR). We converted the odds ratios into absolute treatment effects in a 'Summary of findings' table. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-four separate RCTs studying roflumilast (20 trials with 17,627 participants) or cilomilast (14 trials with 6457 participants) met the inclusion criteria, with a duration of between six weeks and one year. These included people across international study centres with moderate to very severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades II-IV), with a mean age of 64 years.We considered that the methodological quality of the 34 published and unpublished trials was acceptable overall. Treatment with a PDE4 inhibitor was associated with a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over the trial period compared with placebo (MD 51.53 mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43.17 to 59.90, 27 trials with 20,585 participants, moderate-quality evidence due to moderate levels of heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias). There were small improvements in quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), MD -1.06 units, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.43, 11 trials with 7645 participants, moderate-quality evidence due to moderate levels of heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias) and COPD-related symptoms, but no significant change in exercise tolerance. Treatment with a PDE4 inhibitor was associated with a reduced likelihood of COPD exacerbation (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.83; 23 trials with 19,948 participants, high-quality evidence). For every 100 people treated with PDE4 inhibitors, five more remained exacerbation-free during the study period compared with placebo (number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 20, 95% CI 16 to 26). More participants in the treatment groups experienced non-serious adverse events compared with controls, particularly a range of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting or dyspepsia. For every 100 people treated with PDE4 inhibitors, seven more suffered from diarrhoea during the study period compared with placebo (number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) 15, 95% CI 13 to 17). Roflumilast in particular was associated with weight loss during the trial period and an increase in insomnia and depressive mood symptoms. There was no significant effect of treatment on non-fatal serious adverse events (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.07) or mortality (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.23), although mortality was a rare event during the trials. Participants treated with PDE4 inhibitors were more likely to withdraw from the trials because of adverse effects; on average 14% in the treatment groups withdrew compared with 8% in the control groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In people with COPD, PDE4 inhibitors offered benefit over placebo in improving lung function and reducing the likelihood of exacerbations; however, they had little impact on quality of life or symptoms. Gastrointestinal adverse effects and weight loss were common, and safety data submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have raised concerns over psychiatric adverse events with roflumilast. The findings of this review give cautious support to the use of PDE4 inhibitors in COPD. They may be best used as add-on therapy in a subgroup of people with persistent symptoms or exacerbations despite optimal COPD management. This is in accordance with the GOLD 2017 guidelines. Longer-term trials are needed to determine whether or not PDE4 inhibitors modify FEV1 decline, hospitalisation or mortality in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Chong
- University of AucklandDepartment of MedicineAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Bonnie Leung
- University of AucklandDepartment of MedicineAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Phillippa Poole
- University of AucklandDepartment of MedicineAucklandNew Zealand
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Tsai YF, Chu TC, Chang WY, Wu YC, Chang FR, Yang SC, Wu TY, Hsu YM, Chen CY, Chang SH, Hwang TL. 6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst via selective PDE4 inhibition to ameliorate acute lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:379-392. [PMID: 28263828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over-activated neutrophils produce enormous oxidative stress and play a key role in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. 6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone (UFM24), a flavone isolated from the Annonaceae Uvaria flexuosa, showed inhibitory effects on human neutrophil activation and salutary effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. UFM24 potently inhibited superoxide anion (O2•-) generation, reactive oxidants, and CD11b expression, but not elastase release, in N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLF)-activated human neutrophils. However, UFM24 failed to scavenge O2•- and inhibit the activity of subcellular NADPH oxidase. fMLF-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was inhibited by UFM24. Noticeably, UFM24 increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and protein kinase (PK) A activity in activated human neutrophils. PKA inhibitors significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of UFM24, suggesting that the effects of UFM24 were through cAMP/PKA-dependent inhibition of Akt activation. Additionally, activity of cAMP-related phosphodiesterase (PDE)4, but not PDE3 or PDE7, was significantly reduced by UFM24. Furthermore, UFM24 attenuated neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and pulmonary edema in LPS-induced ALI in mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that UFM24 inhibits oxidative burst in human neutrophils through inhibition of PDE4 activity. UFM24 also exhibited significant protection against endotoxin-induced ALI in mice. UFM24 has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for treating neutrophilic lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Chu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Duffin KC, Papp KA, Bagel J, Levi E, Chen R, Gottlieb AB. Evaluation of the Physician Global Assessment and Body Surface Area Composite Tool for Assessing Psoriasis Response to Apremilast Therapy: Results from ESTEEM 1 and ESTEEM 2. J Drugs Dermatol 2017; 16:147-153. [PMID: 28300857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Physician Global Assessment and Body Surface Area (PGAxBSA) composite tool is a simple, effective alternative for measuring psoriasis severity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the product of PGAxBSA as a sensitive alternative to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) for assessing disease severity and therapeutic response with data collected from the phase 3 ESTEEM 1 and 2 trials. METHODS This post hoc analysis included 836 patients randomized to apremilast 30 mg BID at baseline (ESTEEM 1, n=562; ESTEEM 2, n=274). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to compare PGAxBSA, PASI, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Concordance between PGAxBSA and PASI was evaluated for 50%/75%/90% improvement from baseline at week 16. RESULTS In ESTEEM 1 and 2, PGAxBSA and PASI exhibited significant positive correlations for measuring disease severity at baseline (r≥0.757) and week 16 (r≥0.807). At week 16, ≥79% concordance was observed between PGAxBSA and PASI for 75% and 90% improvement from baseline; greater concordance (>88.0%) was observed using 50% improvement from baseline. At week 16, PGAxBSA and PASI were moderately correlated with DLQI. LIMITATIONS Analysis was limited to patients with baseline BSA ≥10% and static PGA ≥3. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, PGAxBSA is correlated with PASI and sensitive to therapeutic response. <p><em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(2):147-153.</em></p>.
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van der Schans S, Goossens LMA, Boland MRS, Kocks JWH, Postma MJ, van Boven JFM, Rutten-van Mölken MPMH. Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Pharmacologic Maintenance Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Recommendations. Pharmacoeconomics 2017; 35:43-63. [PMID: 27592021 PMCID: PMC5209411 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-016-0448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic lung disease with considerable clinical and socioeconomic impact. Pharmacologic maintenance drugs (such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids) play an important role in the treatment of COPD. The cost effectiveness of these treatments has been frequently assessed, but studies to date have largely neglected the impact of treatment sequence and the exact stage of disease in which the drugs are used in real life. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review recently published articles that reported the cost effectiveness of COPD maintenance treatments, with a focus on key findings, quality and methodological issues. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in Embase, PubMed, the UK NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS-EED) and EURONHEED (European Network of Health Economics Evaluation Databases) and included all relevant articles published between 2011 and 2015 in either Dutch, English or German. Main study characteristics, methods and outcomes were extracted and critically assessed. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used as basis for quality assessment, but additional items were also addressed. RESULTS The search identified 18 recent pharmacoeconomic analyses of COPD maintenance treatments. Papers reported the cost effectiveness of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) monotherapy (n = 6), phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors (n = 4), long-acting beta agonist/inhaled corticosteroid (LABA/ICS) combinations (n = 4), LABA monotherapy (n = 2) and LABA/LAMA combinations (n = 2). All but two studies were funded by the manufacturer, and all studies indicated favourable cost effectiveness; however, the number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained was small. Less than half of the studies reported a COPD-specific outcome in addition to a generic outcome (mostly QALYs). Exacerbation and mortality rates were found to be the main drivers of cost effectiveness. According to the QHES, the quality of the studies was generally sufficient, but additional assessment revealed that most studies poorly represented the cost effectiveness of real-life medication use. CONCLUSIONS The majority of studies showed that pharmacologic COPD maintenance treatment is cost effective, but most studies poorly reflected real-life drug use. Consistent and COPD-specific methodology is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon van der Schans
- Unit of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas M A Goossens
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melinde R S Boland
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janwillem W H Kocks
- Department of General Practice, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Postma
- Unit of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Science in Healthy Aging & healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Job F M van Boven
- Department of General Practice, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Center for Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only a few longitudinal studies regarding medical utilization and costs for patients with COPD. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of medical utilization and costs on a long-term basis. METHODS Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) data from 2008 to 2013, COPD patients were identified. The trend of medical utilization and costs was also analyzed. RESULTS The number of COPD patients increased by 13.9% from 2008 to 2013. During the same period, the cost of COPD medication increased by 78.2%. Methylxanthine and systemic beta agonists were most widely prescribed between 2008 and 2013. However, inhaled medications such as long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA), long-acting muscarinic agonist, and inhaled corticosteroid plus LABA were dispensed to a relatively low proportion of patients with COPD. The number of patients who were prescribed inhaled medications increased gradually from 2008 to 2013, while the number of patients prescribed systemic beta agonist and methylxanthine has decreased since 2010. CONCLUSION This study shows that there is a large gap between the COPD guidelines and clinical practice in Korea. Training programs for primary care physicians on diagnosis and guideline-based treatment are needed to improve the management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Jae Ha Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Jee-Ae Kim
- Pharmaceutical Policy Evaluation Research Team, Research Institution, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Jee-Ae Kim, Pharmaceutical Policy Evaluation Research Team, Research Institution, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, 60 Hyeoksin-ro, Wonju-si 26465, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Email
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
- Chin Kook Rhee, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 2 2258 6067, Fax +82 2 599 3589, Email
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Drent M, Bast A, Bootsma HP, Deneer V. Repositioning 'old' drugs to treat rare diseases: arguing from the mechanism of action. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2016; 33:191-194. [PMID: 27537726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Drent
- ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein &.
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Jarnagin K, Chanda S, Coronado D, Ciaravino V, Zane LT, Guttman-Yassky E, Lebwohl MG. Crisaborole Topical Ointment, 2%: A Nonsteroidal, Topical, Anti-Inflammatory Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor in Clinical Development for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. J Drugs Dermatol 2016; 15:390-396. [PMID: 27050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Crisaborole topical ointment, 2% (formerly known as AN2728) is a benzoxaborole, nonsteroidal, topical, anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor investigational compound that recently completed phase 3 studies for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). The unique configuration of boron within the crisaborole molecule enables selective targeting and inhibition of PDE4, an enzyme that converts the intracellular second messenger 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into the active metabolite adenosine monophosphate (AMP). By inhibiting PDE4 and thus increasing levels of cAMP, crisaborole controls inflammation. The use of boron chemistry enabled synthesis of a low-molecular-weight compound (251 daltons), thereby facilitating effective penetration of crisaborole through human skin. In vitro experiments showed that crisaborole inhibits cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a pattern similar to other PDE4 inhibitors and distinct from corticosteroids. Crisaborole also displayed topical anti-inflammatory activity in a skin inflammation model. Once crisaborole reaches systemic circulation after topical application, it is metabolized to inactive metabolites. This limits systemic exposure to crisaborole and systemic PDE4 inhibition. In phase 1 and 2 clinical studies, crisaborole ointment, 2% was generally well tolerated and improved AD disease severity scores, pruritus, and all other AD signs and symptoms. Two large, randomized, controlled, phase 3, pivotal clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% in children, adolescents, and adults with mild to moderate AD were recently completed with positive results.
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Nguyen CM, Leon A, Danesh M, Beroukhim K, Wu JJ, Koo J. Improvement of Nail and Scalp Psoriasis Using Apremilast in Patients With Chronic Psoriasis: Phase 2b and 3, 52-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Results. J Drugs Dermatol 2016; 15:272-276. [PMID: 26954311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant portion of patients with psoriasis have scalp and nail involvement. It has been reported that 40% to 45% of patients with psoriasis have nail psoriasis, and up to 80% have scalp involvement. Nail and scalp psoriasis have often been found to be difficult to treat, due to the poor penetration and poor compliance of topical medication. Oral and biologic therapies have shown significant efficacy but often with undesirable side effects. Herein, we analyze the efficacy of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor, in the treatment of nail and scalp psoriasis at 16-, 32-, and 52 weeks. METHODS We reviewed the results of the phase IIb and phase III clinical trials for apremilast in treating nail and scalp psoriasis. RESULTS In ESTEEM 1, patients on apremilast showed a 22.5%, 43.6%, and 60.2% improvement in NAPSI at weeks 16, 32, and 52. 33.3%, 45.2%, and 63% of patients achieved NAPSI-50, respectively. In ESTEEM 2, patients on apremilast showed a 29%, 60%, and 59.7% improvement in NAPSI at weeks 16, 32, and 52, with 44.6%, 55.4%, and 68.6% of patients achieving NAPSI-50. In PSOR-005 at week 16, patients on a dose of 30 mg twice weekly had a 42.9% improvement in NAPSI with 45.5% reaching NAPSI-50. For scalp psoriasis, 46.5%, 37.4%, and 73% of patients achieved an Sc-PGA of 0 or 1 at weeks 16, 32, and 52 in ESTEEM 1. In ESTEEM 2, 40.9%, 32.4%, and 62.5% of patients achieved an Sc-PGA of 0 or 1 at weeks 16, 32, and 52. CONCLUSION With its limited safety profile of only diarrhea and headache and no additional lab requirements, apremilast may be a safer and more convenient alternative for patients with severe nail and scalp psoriasis.
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Franklin KM, Hauser SR, Lasek AW, McClintick J, Ding ZM, McBride WJ, Bell RL. Reduction of alcohol drinking of alcohol-preferring (P) and high-alcohol drinking (HAD1) rats by targeting phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4). Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2251-62. [PMID: 25585681 PMCID: PMC4465875 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and neuroimmune signaling have been posited to regulate alcohol drinking. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the involvement of PDE4 and Il22ra2 on ethanol (EtOH) intake by alcohol-preferring (P) and high-alcohol-drinking (HAD1) rats. METHODS Exp 1 determined the dose-response effects of PDE4 inhibitors, rolipram, and Ro 20-1724, on 2 h/day free-choice EtOH intake by adult P and HAD1 rats. Exps 2-3 examined the effects of repeated administration with the PDE4 inhibitors on EtOH or sucrose intake and locomotor behavior. Exp 4 determined Pde4-associated gene expression differences in subregions of the extended amygdala, between high- and low-alcohol-consuming rat lines. Exp 5 evaluated the effects of infusing short hairpin RNA to knock down Il22ra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell on a 24-h free-choice EtOH drinking by P rats. RESULTS Administration of rolipram or Ro 20-1724 reduced EtOH intake by P rats; Ro 20-1724 reduced EtOH intake by HAD1 rats. Repeated rolipram or Ro 20-1724 exposure reduced EtOH intake by P and HAD1 rats. PDE4 inhibition induced motor impairment during the first hour of EtOH intake by P rats. Higher gene expression levels for PDE4A were found in the NAc shell of P vs NP rats. ShRNAs targeting Il22ra2 in the NAc shell significantly reduced chronic EtOH intake. CONCLUSIONS PDE4 and neuroinflammatory/immune signaling pathways could represent molecular targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorders in genetically predisposed subjects. This study underscores the importance of testing compounds over multiple days and rat lines when determining efficacy to disrupt excessive alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle M Franklin
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, 320W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sheketha R Hauser
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, 320W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zheng-Ming Ding
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, 320W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - William J McBride
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, 320W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, 320W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Jensterle M, Salamun V, Kocjan T, Vrtacnik Bokal E, Janez A. Short term monotherapy with GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide or PDE 4 inhibitor roflumilast is superior to metformin in weight loss in obese PCOS women: a pilot randomized study. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:32. [PMID: 26032655 PMCID: PMC4506413 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether liraglutide or roflumilast significantly affects body weight when compared to metformin in obese women with PCOS. DESIGN/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE A 12-week prospective randomized open-label study was conducted with 45 obese women with PCOS diagnosed by the ASRM-ESHRE Rotterdam criteria. They were randomized to metformin (MET) 1000 mg BID or liraglutide (LIRA) 1.2 mg QD s.c. or roflumilast (ROF) 500 mcg QD. The primary outcome was change in measures of obesity. RESULTS Forty-one patients (aged 30.7 ± 7.9 years, BMI 38.6 ± 6.0 kg/m2, mean ± SD) completed the study. Subjects treated with LIRA lost on average 3.1 ± 3.5 kg (p = 0.006), on ROF 2.1 ± 2.0 kg (p = 0.002) vs. 0.2 ± 1.83 kg in MET group. BMI decreased for 1.1 ± 1.26 kg/m2 in LIRA (p = 0.006), for 0.8 ± 0.99 kg/m2 in ROF (p = 0.001) vs. 0.1 ± 0.67 kg/m2 in MET. LIRA was superior to MET in reducing weight (p = 0.022), BMI (p = 0.020), waist circumference (p = 0.007). LIRA also resulted in decrease in VAT area (p = 0.015) and more favorable dynamics in glucose homeostasis during OGTT. ROF resulted in reduction of waist circumference (p = 0.023). In addition, ROF led to testosterone reduction (p = 0.05) and increase in menstrual frequencies (p = 0.009) when compared to baseline. CONCLUSION Short-term monotherapy with liraglutide or roflumilast was associated with significant weight loss in obese PCOS. Liraglutide was superior to metformin, whereas roflumilast resulted in greater, yet not statistically significant, mean weight loss when compared to metformin. Reduction of body weight with liraglutide resulted in improvement of body composition. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02187250 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Salamun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Unit, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Kocjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eda Vrtacnik Bokal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Unit, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Suzuki O, Goto T, Yoshino T, Nakamura S, Maeda H. The role of phosphodiesterase 4B in IL-8/LTB4-induced human neutrophil chemotaxis evaluated with a phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitor. Acta Pharm 2015; 65:191-7. [PMID: 26011935 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PDE4B was previously shown to be a dominant PDE4 subtype of neutrophils. However, its physiological role in the neutrophil function has not been evaluated. In this study, the inhibitory effects of a phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B)- selective inhibitor (compound A) and subtype non-selective PDE4 inhibitors (roflumilast and cilomilast) were evaluated in human peripheral blood cells. Compound A, roflumilast and cilomilast in a similar manner inhibited TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated human mononuclear cells. However, the inhibitory effect of compound A on IL-8 or LTB4-induced chemotactic response of neutrophils was modest even at the highest concentration (10 μmol L(-1)), whereas roflumilast and cilomilast inhibited IL-8 or LTB4-induced neutrophil chemotaxis. Our results suggest that PDE4B does not play an important role during the chemotactic response of human neutrophils.
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Calzetta L, Cazzola M, Page CP, Rogliani P, Facciolo F, Matera MG. Pharmacological characterization of the interaction between the dual phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3/4 inhibitor RPL554 and glycopyrronium on human isolated bronchi and small airways. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 32:15-23. [PMID: 25899618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dual PDE3/4 inhibitor RPL 554 causes bronchodilation in patients with asthma or COPD and synergistically interacts with muscarinic receptor antagonists in relaxing human isolated bronchi in acute experimental settings. In the present study we investigated the long-lasting interaction between RPL554 and glycopyrronium by testing these drugs for their ability to relax both medium and small human isolated bronchi. METHODS The relaxant effect and duration of action of RPL554 and glycopyrronium, alone, or in combination, were studied on the contractile tone induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or carbachol in medium and small human isolated bronchi. Relaxation was expressed as percentage of maximal response and synergy analyzed by Bliss Independence theory. RESULTS Low concentrations of RPL554 and glycopyrronium induced maximal relaxation of medium bronchi at 160 ± 20 min and 50 ± 10 min, respectively, an effect detectable for at least 4 h. Maximal synergy was observed at ≃ 2 hrs (-71.4 ± 5.1%), and the combination extended the relaxation to at least 6 hrs, when the contractile tone was -41.2 ± 8.5% of the control responses. The combination induced the greatest effectiveness for EFS at 3 Hz and low-to-middle concentrations also produced significant synergism on small airways (21.1 ± 4.0%,P < 0.05), compared with the additive response. The combination induced lumen area enhancement of 69.1 ± 2.4% (P < 0.05), compared with the additive response (51.0 ± 5.4%). CONCLUSIONS RPL554 and glycopyrronium demonstrated a synergistic interaction in relaxing both human medium and small isolated bronchi, in terms of peak relaxation and an extended duration of action, suggesting that this combination may have a beneficial role in the treatment of asthma or COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Wan Y, Wu A, Palmisano M. The impact of co-administration of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 78:1050-7. [PMID: 24962564 PMCID: PMC4238785 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Two clinical studies were conducted to determine possible drug-drug interactions between apremilast and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, or a potent CYP3A4 inducer, rifampicin. The main objectives of these two studies were to evaluate the impact of multiple doses of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast and its metabolites, and the effect of multiple oral doses of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast. METHODS These single centre, open label, sequential treatment studies in healthy subjects included two treatment periods for ketoconazole and three treatment periods for rifampicin. Apremilast was administered as a 20 mg (ketoconazole study) or 30 mg (rifampicin study) single oral dose. RESULTS Ketoconazole increases overall exposure (AUC(0,∞)) of apremilast by ≈36% (2827 vs. 2072 ng ml(-1) h, 90% CI = 126.2, 147.5) and peak exposure (Cmax ) by 5% (247 vs. 236 ng ml(-1) ). Multiple doses of rifampicin increase apremilast clearance ≈3.6-fold and decrease apremilast mean AUC(0,∞) by ≈72% (3120 vs. 869 ng ml(-1) h, 90% CI = 25.7, 30.4) and Cmax (from 290 vs. 166 ng ml(-1) ) relative to that of apremilast given alone. A 30 min intravenous infusion of rifampicin 600 mg had negligible effects on the overall exposure (AUC(0,∞)) of apremilast (2980 vs. 3120 ng ml(-1) h, 90% CI = 88.0, 104.1). CONCLUSION Ketoconazole slightly decreased apremilast clearance, resulting in a small increase in AUC which is probably not meaningful clinically. However, the effect of CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin on apremilast clearance is much more pronounced than that of CYP3A4 inhibition by ketoconazole. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may result in a loss of efficacy of apremilast because of decreased drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Celgene CorporationSummit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Simon Zhou
- Celgene CorporationSummit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuntao Wan
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche pREDShanghai, China
| | - Anfan Wu
- Early Development for Asia, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchShanghai, China
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Loomba R. Serum alanine aminotransferase as a biomarker of treatment response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12:1731-2. [PMID: 24703861 PMCID: PMC4171196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- NAFLD Translational Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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