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Lu B, Ye Q, Pan Y, Lu J, Li L, Peng Y, He M, Chen W, Yang X. Tonifying spleen and replenishing kidney method of traditional Chinese medicine for myasthenia gravis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25966. [PMID: 34032708 PMCID: PMC8154406 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune antibody-mediated disorder caused by dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction spreads. The main clinical features of this disease are fluctuating fatigue, and weakness of the skeletal muscles of the eyes and limbs. At present, the tonifying the spleen and replenishing the kidney method in traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used for MG. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the tonifying the spleen and replenishing the kidney method in traditional Chinese medicine for MG. METHODS The following 10 databases were searched from inception to March 2021: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang, VIP Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database, the Chinese Bio Medical Database (CBM), and Baidu Scholar. The language was limited to the Chinese and English language. Merely randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool was used for the methodological quality assessment and risk of bias. The meta-analysis was assessed using the Cochrane RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted, and RCTs that met the eligibility criteria were included. Furthermore, the different outcome indicators of different methods were objectively compared. The main outcome indicators included the effective rate, quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) scores, adverse events, and quality of life (QOL). The secondary outcome indicators included AchRAb, serum-related immune cells (such as CD3+CD4+cells and CD4+/CD8+cells), the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score scale (TCMSSS), the serum interleukin-6 level, the level of IFN-γ and its mRNA, and the clinical score that contains the clinical absolute score (CAS) and clinical relative score (CRS). CONCLUSION This study would provide credible evidence to determine whether the tonifying the spleen and replenishing the kidney method in traditional Chinese medicine is an effective treatment method for MG. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202110097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Lu
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Qing Ye
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Yuting Pan
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Lu Li
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Min He
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
| | - Weiyin Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College)
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Wang HF, Chen L, Xie Y, Wang XF, Yang K, Ning Y, He JY, Ding WJ. Electroacupuncture facilitates M2 macrophage polarization and its potential role in the regulation of inflammatory response. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111655. [PMID: 34029955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in relieving obesity, anti-inflammation and the interaction with metabolic pathways in obese mice has not been elaborated. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of EA on macrophage polarization in obesity tissue of diet-induced obesity mice. Mice were divided in 6 groups: normal control group, model group, EA-7 group, EA-14 group, EA-21 group and EA-28 group. Low-frequency EA was applied at "Tianshu (ST 25)", "Guanyuan (CV 4)", "Zusanli (ST 36)" and "Sanyinjiao (SP 6)" for 10 min. Adipose tissue was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Adipocytokines and pro-inflammatory factors expression was measured by ELISA. The protein and mRNA levels of macrophage markers were examined by immumohistochemical staining and RT-PCR, respectively. EA treatment was associated with a decrease of adipose tissue and large adipocytes, and an increase of small adipocytes. After EA treatment, the levels of Leptin, Chemerin, TNF-α, F4/80, iNOS, and CD11c decreased obviously in adipose tissue, while IL-4, IL-10 and CD206 levels increased significantly. Besides, TNF-α in spleen tissue was also downregulated, but IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. EA prevents weight gain through modulation inflammatory response and macrophage polarization in obese adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Fu Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; Department of Endocrinology, Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 14# Suci Road, Dongpo District, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Xie
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Longdu South Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ying Ning
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jia-Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
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Mandal RK, Denny JE, Namazzi R, Opoka RO, Datta D, John CC, Schmidt NW. Dynamic modulation of spleen germinal center reactions by gut bacteria during Plasmodium infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109094. [PMID: 33979614 PMCID: PMC8141963 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota educate the local and distal immune system in early life to imprint long-term immunological outcomes while maintaining the capacity to dynamically modulate the local mucosal immune system throughout life. It is unknown whether gut microbiota provide signals that dynamically regulate distal immune responses following an extra-gastrointestinal infection. We show here that gut bacteria composition correlated with the severity of malaria in children. Using the murine model of malaria, we demonstrate that parasite burden and spleen germinal center reactions are malleable to dynamic cues provided by gut bacteria. Whereas antibiotic-induced changes in gut bacteria have been associated with immunopathology or impairment of immunity, the data demonstrate that antibiotic-induced changes in gut bacteria can enhance immunity to Plasmodium. This effect is not universal but depends on baseline gut bacteria composition. These data demonstrate the dynamic communications that exist among gut bacteria, the gut-distal immune system, and control of Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ruth Namazzi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Ishikawa T, Sasaki R, Nishimura T, Matsuda T, Iwamoto T, Saeki I, Hidaka I, Takami T, Sakaida I. Splenic non-infarction volume determines a clinically significant hepatic venous pressure gradient response to partial splenic embolization in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:382-394. [PMID: 33629147 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate changes in the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) by partial splenic embolization (PSE) and to identify the determinants of a clinically meaningful postoperative HVPG reduction. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism who underwent PSE at our department between September 2007 and June 2020 were included. The HVPG was evaluated pre- and immediately post-PSE. The patients were divided into three groups according to their preprocedural HVPG: low-HVPG (< 10 mmHg, n = 22), intermediate-HVPG (10 mmHg ≤ HVPG < 16 mmHg, n = 33), and high-HVPG (≥ 16 mmHg, n = 13). RESULTS Overall, PSE significantly reduced HVPG from 12.2 ± 4.0 to 9.4 ± 3.6 mmHg (p < 0.01) with a relative decrease of 22.2 ± 20.4%. In addition, HVPG reductions were 19.4 ± 28.7%, 24.0 ± 15.9%, and 22.5 ± 13.3% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-HVPG groups, respectively, indicating no significant difference in HVPG reduction between the groups. An HVPG decrease of ≥ 20% from the baseline, defined in this study as a clinically significant HVPG response to PSE, was achieved in 55.9% of all patients. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses identified splenic non-infarction volume as an independent determinant of a 20% decrease in HVPG (p < 0.05), with a cut-off of 139.2 cm3 (sensitivity, 76.3%; specificity, 60.0%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The splenic non-infarction volume, namely the residual functional spleen volume, independently determines a clinically significant HVPG response to PSE in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Issei Saeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Isao Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube-Yamaguchi, 7558505, Japan
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Toledo-Ibarra GA, Girón-Pérez MI, Covantes-Rosales CE, Ventura-Ramón GH, Pérez-Sánchez G, López-Torres A, Diaz-Resendiz KJG, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pavón L. Alterations in the non-neuronal cholinergic system induced by in-vitro exposure to diazoxon in spleen mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 108:134-141. [PMID: 33285167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides as diazinon disrupt the neuroimmune communication, affecting the innate and adaptive immune response of the exposed organisms. Since the target molecule of diazinon is typically the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), the existence of a non-neuronal cholinergic system in leukocytes makes them susceptible to alterations by diazinon. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of AChE, acetylcholine (ACh) concentration, and the expression of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR) and muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR) in spleen mononuclear cells (SMNC) of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) exposed in vitro to diazoxon, a diazinon metabolite. SMNC were exposed in-vitro to 1 nM, 1 μM, and 10 μM diazoxon for 24 h. The enzyme activity of AChE was then evaluated by spectrophotometry, followed by ACh quantification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, mAChR and nAChR expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The results indicate that AChE levels are significantly inhibited at 1 and 10 μM diazoxon, while the relative expression of (M3, M4, and M5) mAChR and (β2) nAChR is reduced significantly as compared against SMNC not exposed to diazoxon. However, ACh levels show no significant difference with respect to the control group. The data indicate that diazoxon directly alters elements in the cholinergic system of SMNC by AChE inhibition or indirectly through the interaction with AChR, which is likely related to the immunotoxic properties of diazinon and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Toledo-Ibarra
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M I Girón-Pérez
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - C E Covantes-Rosales
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - G H Ventura-Ramón
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - G Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A López-Torres
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - K J G Diaz-Resendiz
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - E Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Xu J, Wang R, You S, Zhang L, Zheng P, Ji G, Liu B. Traditional Chinese medicine Lingguizhugan decoction treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with spleen-yang deficiency pattern: Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:512. [PMID: 32522273 PMCID: PMC7288405 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. One of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is insulin resistance (IR). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has showed potential benefits in the management of NAFLD. Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZG) is a representative Chinese herbal formula; however, there is still no rigorous clinical trial supporting its application. METHODS/DESIGN This study will be a three-arm, dose-optimization, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 243 patients with NAFLD will be recruited and randomly assigned to the standard dose LGZG (SLGD) group, low dose LGZG (LLGD) group, or the placebo group based on a ratio of 1:1:1. The treatment period will be 12 weeks and the follow-up period will last 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be the proportions of participants with at least a 1-unit decrease of HOMA-IR from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include the changes of body weight, body mass index, liver function, blood lipid metabolism, blood glucose metabolism, inflammatory responses, liver-kidney echo ratio by ultrasound, and various scales. Biological samples will also be collected for future researches on mechanism exploration. DISCUSSION This study will provide initial evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of LGZG in the treatment of NAFLD with spleen-yang deficiency pattern and promote its application in community healthcare centers. In addition, potential mechanisms will be explored based on studies of oral and gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800014364. Registered on 1 January 2018. The final protocol version was V3.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Xu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shengfu You
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guang Ji
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Johnson SC, Kosut J, Ching N. Disseminated Cat Scratch Disease in Pediatric Patients in Hawai'i. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2020; 79:64-70. [PMID: 32490388 PMCID: PMC7260883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cat scratch disease is known to be a generally benign, self-resolving illness associated with non-specific symptoms, including lymphadenopathy, fever, fatigue, anorexia, and headaches. However, it can also cause disseminated disease with a wide range of manifestations, including liver and spleen microabscesses, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, and uveitis. Eighteen pediatric cases of disseminated cat scratch disease at a single center in Hawai'i are described. This case series emphasizes the importance of disease recognition and use of appropriate diagnostic tools and disease management. The disease burden of pediatric patients with disseminated cat scratch disease in the state of Hawai'i has a high incidence and should be considered in pediatric patients with prolonged febrile illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Kosut
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Natascha Ching
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
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Del Vesco AP, Kaiser MG, Monson MS, Zhou H, Lamont SJ. Genetic responses of inbred chicken lines illustrate importance of eIF2 family and immune-related genes in resistance to Newcastle disease virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6155. [PMID: 32273535 PMCID: PMC7145804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication depends on the translation machinery of the host cell; therefore, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) gene family is a likely candidate for control of viral replication. We hypothesized that differential expression of host genes related to translation and innate immune response could contribute to differential resistance to NDV in inbred Fayoumi and Leghorn lines. The expression of twenty-one genes related to the interferon signaling pathway and the eIF2 family was evaluated at two- and six-days post infection (dpi) in the spleen from both lines, either challenged by NDV or nonchallenged. Higher expression of OASL in NDV challenged versus nonchallenged spleen was observed in Leghorns at 2 dpi. Lower expression of EIF2B5 was found in NDV challenged than nonchallenged Fayoumis and Leghorns at 2 dpi. At 2 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2B5 and EIF2S3 than NDV challenged Leghorns. At 6 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2S3 and EIF2B4 than NDV challenged Leghorns. The genetic line differences in expression of eIF2-related genes may contribute to their differential resistance to NDV and also to understanding the interaction between protein synthesis shut-off and virus control in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Del Vesco
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Michael G Kaiser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Takuma Y, Morimoto Y, Takabatake H, Tomokuni J, Sahara A, Matsueda K, Yamamoto H. Changes in Liver and Spleen Stiffness by Virtual Touch Quantification Technique after Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices and Exacerbation of Esophageal Varices: A Preliminary Study. Ultraschall Med 2020; 41:157-166. [PMID: 30909311 DOI: 10.1055/a-0731-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess liver stiffness (LS) and spleen stiffness (SS) values measured by virtual touch quantification (VTQ) technique in the monitoring of portal pressure and their usefulness for the prediction of the exacerbation of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with gastric varices undergoing balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The LS, SS, and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) were measured in 20 patients both before and after B-RTO. The change in each parameter between the two groups (EV exacerbation and non-exacerbation groups) was compared by analysis of variance. The efficacy of the parameters for the prediction of the exacerbation of EV was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS 9 patients (40.9 %) exhibited an exacerbation of EV within 24 months after B-RTO. Significant changes were observed in the HVPG and SS after B-RTO between the two groups (EV exacerbation group vs. non-exacerbation group: HVPG before 12.7 ± 4.4 mmHg vs. 11.0 ± 4.4 mmHg; HVPG after 19.6 ± 6.0 mmHg vs. 13.6 ± 3.1 mmHg P = 0.003; SS before 3.40 ± 0.50 m/s vs. 3.20 ± 0.51 m/s; SS after 3.74 ± 0.53 m/s vs. 3.34 ± 0.43 m/s P = 0.016). However, no significant changes in LS were observed between the two groups. The area under the ROC curves of elevation in HVPG and SS for the prediction of the exacerbation of EV after B-RTO were 0.833 and 0.818, respectively. CONCLUSION Elevation of the HVPG and SS measured by VTQ after B-RTO was useful for the prediction of the exacerbation of EV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junko Tomokuni
- Laboratory Medicine, Kurashiki-Central-Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akiko Sahara
- Laboratory Medicine, Kurashiki-Central-Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
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Giuffrida P, Aronico N, Rosselli M, Lenti MV, Cococcia S, Roccarina D, Saffioti F, Delliponti M, Thorburn D, Miceli E, Corazza GR, Pinzani M, Di Sabatino A. Defective spleen function in autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:225-229. [PMID: 31214883 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Defective spleen function increases susceptibility to bacterial infections which can be prevented by vaccine prophylaxis. Splenic hypofunction can be found in a number of autoimmune disorders; however, no data are available regarding autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG), autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) and autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Peripheral blood samples from patients with AAG (n = 40), AIE (n = 3) and AILD (n = 40) were collected. Patients affected by autoimmune disorders already known to be associated with splenic hypofunction, i.e. coeliac disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), were included as disease controls, while splenectomised patients and healthy subjects were evaluated as positive and negative controls, respectively. Counting of erythrocytes with membrane abnormalities, i.e. pitted red cells, was used as an indicator of spleen function (normal upper limit 4%). Defective splenic function was observed in 22 of the 40 patients with AAG (55.0%), in two of the three patients with AIE (66.6%) and in 35 of the 40 patients with AILD (87.5%). As expected, in untreated CD, refractory CD and UC there was a high prevalence of hyposplenism (43.7%, 88.2% and 54.4%, respectively). Due to the high prevalence of splenic hypofunction, patients with AAG, AILD and AIE should undergo pitted red cell evaluation and, if hyposplenic, they should be candidate to vaccine prophylaxis against encapsulated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giuffrida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Aronico
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosselli
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Cococcia
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Roccarina
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Saffioti
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariangela Delliponti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Miceli
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Xiong J, Chen YQ, Chen RX. [Professor CHEN Ri- xin's academic thought and clinical application of "no allergy without any deficiency"]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2020; 40:199-202. [PMID: 32100508 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20190720-k00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The academic thought of professor CHEN Ri-xin on "no allergy without any deficiency" was explored. Theory and the clinical application were elaborated on allergic diseases treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion. It is believed that the critical pathogenesis of allergic diseases is deficiency, particularly the deficiency of the lung, the spleen and the kidney. The invasion of exogenous factors or the disturbance of the retained pathogens in the body may induce allergy. Regarding the therapeutic method, the warming method is applicable for the deficiency and the heat-sensitization counteracts allergy. The sensitized points are detected in accordance with the two-step location method and they are stimulated with the suspended moxibustion. The feeling of heat-sensitive moxibustion is a sign of activation of endogenous regulatory function in the human body. It is a kind of external therapy for the internal disorders, directly acting on the pathogenesis, strengthening the antipathogenic qi and removing the allergic factors. This therapy is a new endogenous anti-allergic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan-Qi Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Jiangxi University of TCM
| | - Ri-Xin Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330006, China
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Peng Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Ji J, Wu C, Yang J, Li X, Zhang S, Liu Z, Ji J, Wu C, Yang J, Li X. Gut microbiota and Chinese medicine syndrome: altered fecal microbiotas in spleen (Pi)-deficient patients. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2020; 40:137-143. [PMID: 32227775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the fecal microbiota changes in patients with spleen (Pi)-deficiency (SPD), a common Chinese medicine syndrome with digestive and absorptive disturbances and to provide insight into the relationship between Chinese medicine syndrome and gut dysbiosis. METHODS Fecal microbiotas from the stool samples of 53 SPD patients and 35 healthy subjects were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). SPD-related marker genes from 20 SPD patients and 20 healthy subjects were identified through gene sequencing, while some genes were quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Discriminant analysis was conducted using SPSS software, and the canonical discriminant function formula for Pi-deficiency was established. RESULTS Alterations in microbiota diversity and composition between the SPD and healthy groups were demonstrated via 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Fecal microbiota changes were also observed among different SPD-subtype patients. Eight SPD-related markers were found, and putative species corresponding to these markers were identified through gene sequencing, which may have potential associations with the common digestive dysfunctions in SPD patients. qPCR methods were established for two of these markers, which were significantly altered in the SPD patients. The canonical discriminant function formula was calculated for SPD, and the validity rates of these markers were over 85%. CONCLUSION Fecal microbiotas are altered in patients with SPD, which may provide insight for further studies on clinically diagnosing and treating SPD. The results may also provide data to gain a better understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - ShuoYing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, ShenYang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, ShenYang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaPeng, Ying
| | - ShuoYing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, ShenYang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, ShenYang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Xie L, Tao Y, Wu R, Ye Q, Xu H, Li Y. Congenital asplenia due to a tlx1 mutation reduces resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 95:538-545. [PMID: 31678534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is documented that tlx1, an orphan homeobox gene, plays critical roles in the regulation of early spleen developmental in mammalian species. However, there is no direct evidence supporting the functions of tlx1 in non-mammalian species, especially in fish. In this study, we demonstrated that tlx1 is expressed in the splenic primordia as early as 52 hours post-fertilization (hpf) in zebrafish. A tlx1-/- homozygous mutant line was generated via CRISPR/Cas9 to elucidate the roles of tlx1 in spleen development in zebrafish. In the tlx1-/- background, tlx1-/- cells persisted in the splenic primordia until 52 hpf but were no longer detectable after 53 hpf, suggesting perturbation of early spleen development. The zebrafish also exhibited congenital asplenia caused by the tlx1 mutation. Asplenic zebrafish can survive and breed normally under standard laboratory conditions, but the survival rate of animals infected with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly lower than that of wild-type (WT) zebrafish. In asplenic zebrafish, the mononuclear phagocyte system was partially impaired, as demonstrated by retarded b7r expression and reduced ccr2 expression after injection with an inactivated A. hydrophila vaccine. Furthermore, the expression of MHCII/IgM was significantly reduced in the congenitally asplenic fish compared with that of the WT zebrafish. Taken together, our data suggest that tlx1 is a crucial regulator of spleen development in fish, as it is in mammals. We have also provided a new perspective for studying the role of the spleen during pathogen challenge in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xie
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixi Tao
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Ahmad AK, Atzori S, Taylor-Robinson SD, Maurice JB, Cooke GS, Garvey L. Spleen stiffness measurements using point shear wave elastography detects noncirrhotic portal hypertension in human immunodeficiency virus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17961. [PMID: 31764798 PMCID: PMC6882591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the utility of spleen stiffness as a diagnostic tool in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH).The Philips EPIQ7, a new point shearwave elastography (pSWE) technique, was used to assess liver and spleen stiffness in 3 patient groups. Group 1: HIV and NCPH (n = 11); Group 2: HIV with past didanosine (ddI) exposure without known liver disease or NCPH (n = 5); Group 3: HIV without known liver disease or ddI exposure (n = 9).Groups were matched for age, HIV chronicity, and antiretroviral treatment (including cumulative ddI exposure in Groups 1 and 2). Differences in liver and spleen stiffness (in kPa) between groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whiney U test.Liver and spleen stiffness were both significantly higher in NCPH versus ddI-exposed (P = .019 and P = .006) and ddI-unexposed controls (P = .038 and P < .001). Spleen stiffness was more effective than liver stiffness at predicting NCPH, area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.812 versus 0.948. Combining the 2 variables improved the diagnostic performance, AUROC 0.961. The optimal cut-off for predicting NCPH using splenic stiffness was 25.4 kPa, with sensitivity 91%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value (PPV) 91%, negative predictive value (NPV) 93%, positive likelihood ratio 12.73, negative likelihood ratio 0.10. Spleen and liver stiffness scores were strongly correlated (P = .0004, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18, 59).Elevated spleen stiffness is observed in HIV with NCPH and can be quantified easily using pSWE with high diagnostic accuracy. Novel strategies such as pSWE for longitudinal monitoring of patients with HIV and NCPH should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Graham S. Cooke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London W2 1PG
| | - Lucy Garvey
- Jefferiss Wing, Department of HIV Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY
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Alekseeva IV, Abramova AY, Kozlov AY, Koplik EV, Pertsov AS, Lyadov DA, Nikenina EV, Pertsov SS. State of Stress-Marker Organs in Rats after a Single Exposure to Long-Term Stress and Treatment with Lipopolysaccharide. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:624-627. [PMID: 31606806 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of LPS on the state of stress-marker organs in rats at various periods after a single exposure to long-term stress on the model of 24-h immobilization. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with LPS in a dose of 100 μg/kg immediately after the negative emotiogenic exposure. Changes in physiological parameters were evaluated 3 h, 1 day, and 8 days after immune stimulation. Acute stress was accompanied by a decrease in the weight of the thymus during all stages of the post-stress period. An increase in the relative weight of theadrenal glands in animals under these conditions was observed only on day 8 after restraint stress. The induction of immune reactions due to systemic treatment with LPS was shown to prevent involution of the spleen in the late stage after a single exposure to long-term stress (day 8). Hypertrophy of the adrenal glands, which serves as one of the typical reactions of mammals to negative emotiogenic factors, was not revealed during the post-stress period after antigenic stimulation. These data hold much promise for the development of new approaches to the use of immunoactive substances to prevent or reduce the severity of physiological changes after emotiogenic loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Alekseeva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Abramova
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Kozlov
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Koplik
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Pertsov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Lyadov
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Nikenina
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Pertsov
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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Abstract
Background and Purpose- Stroke-induced acute severe body weight (BW) loss is associated with a high rate of mortality during a critical poststroke period. Several interventions to reduce weight loss, however, have not been successful. Currently, the biological significance of this extraordinary catabolic process is not well understood. Spleen-derived monocytes/macrophages (MMs) are the major immune cells recruited to the injured brain. The trafficking of MMs has been shown to be important for tissue repair and recovery. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the BW reduction is essential for MM-mediated immune response for mice to survive and whether a corticosterone-mediated catabolic event underlies the processes. Methods- C57BL/6 male mice (12-week-old) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. BW, total MMs, and their Ly-6Chigh and Ly-6Clow subsets were determined in the spleen, blood, and the brain in poststroke mice. Poststroke survival rate and MM subsets were determined in mice with adrenalectomy, sham-adrenalectomy, and adrenalectomy mice supplemented with corticosterone. Results- Stroke reduced BW with a maximum reduction at day 3 poststroke (17.2±5.2%). The reduction at day 3 was positively linked to injury severity and selective depletion of MMs, but no other types of immune cells, in the spleen. Notably, the splenic MM depletion was significantly greater in mice with severe BW reduction (≥18% at day 3). In the blood, stroke depleted circulating MMs to a similar degree in animals with moderate and severe BW loss. Ly-6C+ monocyte infiltration in the poststroke brain was greater in mice with severe BW loss. Blocking the catabolic process by adrenalectomy significantly increased poststroke mortality, but the mortality was partially rescued by corticosterone supplement in adrenalectomy mice. Conclusions- Stroke-induced BW loss facilitates MM-mediated immune response, and the adrenal corticosterone-mediated catabolic process is necessary for poststroke survival. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yang
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605
| | - Cesar Beltran
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605
| | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
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Hong J, Chang A, Liu Y, Wang J, Fehlings MG. Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Reverses the Level-Dependence of Spinal Cord Injury Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153762. [PMID: 31374824 PMCID: PMC6695842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections, such as pneumonia, which is the leading cause of death in these patients. This phenomenon is referred to as SCI immune deficiency syndrome (SCI-IDS), and has been shown to be more prevalent after high-level transection in preclinical SCI models. Despite the high prevalence of contusion SCIs, the effects of this etiology have not been studied in the context of SCI-IDS. Compared to transection SCIs, which involve a complete loss of supraspinal input and lead to the disinhibition of spinally-generated activity, contusion SCIs may cause significant local deafferentation, but only a partial disruption of sympathetic tone below the level of injury. In this work, we investigate the effects of thoracic (T6-7) and cervical (C6-7) moderate–severe contusion SCIs on the spleen by characterizing splenic norepinephrine (NE) and cortisol (CORT), caspase-3, and multiple inflammation markers at 3- and 7-days post-SCI. In contrary to the literature, we observe an increase in splenic NE and CORT that correspond to an increase in caspase-3 after thoracic SCI relative to cervical SCI. Further, we found differences in expression of leptin, eotaxin, IP-10, and IL-18 that implicate alterations in splenocyte recruitment and function. These results suggest that incomplete SCI drastically alters the level-dependence of SCI-IDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hong
- Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Alex Chang
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Cao Y, Wang D, Li S, Zhao J, Xu L, Liu H, Lu T, Mou Z. A transcriptome analysis focusing on splenic immune-related mciroRNAs of rainbow trout upon Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 91:350-357. [PMID: 31128295 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that can regulate the immune responses during pathogen infection. Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis in salmon and trout. To identify the miRNAs and investigate the specific miRNAs in rainbow trout upon A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection, we performed high throughput sequencing using the spleens of rainbow trout infected with and without an A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida clinical isolate. A total of 381 known miRNAs and 926 novel miRNAs were identified. Eleven known and 16 novel miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed upon infection. The results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were closely associated with immune responses and biological regulations. Additionally, over- and suppressed expression of miR-155-5p significantly enhanced and reduced the IL-2 and IL-1β expressions in RTG-2 cells induced by A. salmonicida, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study on the miRNAs of rainbow trout upon A. salmonicida infection. The results here might lay a foundation for the further understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the immune responses during A. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Cao
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China; Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 130 Jinzhu West Road, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Shaowu Li
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Jingzhuang Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Liming Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Songfa Street No. 43, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Zhenbo Mou
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 130 Jinzhu West Road, Lhasa, 850002, Tibet, China.
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Ferreira BDC, Correia D. Ultrasound Assessment of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Changes in Patients With Dengue and Warning Signs During the Acute and Recovery Phases. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38:2015-2024. [PMID: 30549307 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether abdominal ultrasound (US) with a gallbladder (GB) contractility study or motor function test can be used as a diagnostic tool in patients with dengue and warning signs in acute and recovery phases. METHODS Fifty-one individuals in the acute phase of dengue presenting with warning signs (dengue group) and 49 healthy individuals without a history of dengue or hepatobiliary disease (control group) were studied with abdominal US and a GB contractility study. RESULTS Statistical differences in US measurements of the liver (right lobe, P = .012; left lobe, P = .001) and spleen (P = .008) dimensions, GB wall thickness (P < .001), and the GB emptying fraction (P < .001) were observed in dengue during the acute phase compared with the control group. After 60 days, abdominal US of the dengue group showed a statistical difference in liver (right lobe, P < .001; left lobe, P = .078) and spleen (P < .001) dimensions, GB wall thickness, and the GB emptying fraction (P < .001) compared with the results obtained during the acute phase. Furthermore, a statistical difference in the spleen volume and GB emptying fraction (P < .001) was observed when comparing dengue after clinical recovery and the control group. Abdominal pain in patients with dengue was positively associated with hepatomegaly (P = .031), splenomegaly (P = .008), increased GB wall thickness (P = .016), and a reduced GB emptying fraction (P = .038) during the acute phase and with splenomegaly (P = .001) and a reduced GB emptying fraction (P = .003) after clinical recovery. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal US with a GB motor function test can be used as a diagnostic tool in patients with dengue during acute and recovery phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalmo Correia
- Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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Huangfu YR, Peng W, Guo BJ, Shen ZF, Li L, Liu SW, Zheng H, Hu YP. Effects of acupuncture in treating insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome and its influence on intestinal microbiome: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med 2019; 17:161-166. [PMID: 30819614 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common complaint that is closely related to gastrointestinal symptoms, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine classical theory of "stomach disharmony leading to restless sleep." Acupuncture is an effective complementary and alternative medicine therapy to improve gastrointestinal function and restore the normal sleep-wake cycle. However, studies on the effectiveness of acupuncture for insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome are limited to case reports and few randomized controlled trials; deeper research on its mechanism is still lacking. This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the treatment efficacy of "harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind" acupuncture for insomnia and its influence on the intestinal microbiome. METHODS/DESIGN This is a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study. Sixty eligible patients with insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome will be randomly divided into two groups (1:1 allocation ratio). The intervention group will use "harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind" acupuncture, and the control group will receive sham acupuncture. Participants will receive 5 acupuncture treatment sessions per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment by making assessments at baseline, the end of treatment and the end of the follow-up. High-throughput 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing will be performed to detect changes in the intestinal microbial composition before and after treatment. DISCUSSION The results of this trial are expected to confirm that "harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind" acupuncture can effectively relieve insomnia and alter the intestinal microbiome. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR1800017092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Huangfu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bao-Jun Guo
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Shen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shi-Wei Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - You-Ping Hu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China.
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21
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Zachs DP, Offutt SJ, Graham RS, Kim Y, Mueller J, Auger JL, Schuldt NJ, Kaiser CRW, Heiller AP, Dutta R, Guo H, Alford JK, Binstadt BA, Lim HH. Noninvasive ultrasound stimulation of the spleen to treat inflammatory arthritis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 30862842 PMCID: PMC6414603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted noninvasive control of the nervous system and end-organs may enable safer and more effective treatment of multiple diseases compared to invasive devices or systemic medications. One target is the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that consists of the vagus nerve to spleen circuit, which has been stimulated with implantable devices to improve autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Here we report that daily noninvasive ultrasound (US) stimulation targeting the spleen significantly reduces disease severity in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Improvements are observed only with specific parameters, in which US can provide both protective and therapeutic effects. Single cell RNA sequencing of splenocytes and experiments in genetically-immunodeficient mice reveal the importance of both T and B cell populations in the anti-inflammatory pathway. These findings demonstrate the potential for US stimulation of the spleen to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Zachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
| | - Sarah J Offutt
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Rachel S Graham
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Jerel Mueller
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Auger
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Schuldt
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Claire R W Kaiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Abigail P Heiller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Raini Dutta
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Jamu K Alford
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Hubert H Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the value and determine the accuracy of spleen stiffness in predicting the degree of esophageal varices and bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.The age, gender, liver stiffness, spleen stiffness, and gastroscopy results of 124 inpatients or outpatients with liver cirrhosis and healthy volunteers, who underwent both gastroscopy and FibroScan testing in the fasting state, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the gastroscopy results, the patients and healthy volunteers were divided into six groups: varicose bleeding, severe varices, moderate varices, mild varices, no varices, and healthy control group. Then, the receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn, and the corresponding area under each curve was calculated and evaluated to predict the severity of varices based on the relevance of the area and its parameters.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of liver stiffness and spleen stiffness for predicting severe and moderate varices in the bleeding group was 0.955 and 0.989, respectively. The cut-off values were 29.6 kPa and 45.5 kPa, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of liver stiffness for predicting varicose bleeding was 0.860 (95% CI: 0.789-0.931). The liver stiffness cut-off value for predicting varicose bleeding was 33.2 kPa, with a specificity and sensitivity of 66.02% and 95.24%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of spleen stiffness for predicting varicose bleeding was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.875-0.971). A spleen stiffness cut-off value of 55.2 kPa had a sensitivity and specificity of 90.48% and 86.41%, respectively.Spleen stiffness can predict the degree of esophageal varices and bleeding in liver cirrhosis patients, and has good predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Kui Wang
- First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032
- Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Dalian 116031
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Dalian 116031
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Dalian 116031
| | - Sheng-Lin Qi
- Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Dalian 116031
| | - Kun Chi
- Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Dalian 116031
| | - Gong-Chen Wang
- Department of Liver Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Dalian 116031
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23
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Kong T, Wang C, Ning P, Chen X, Li X, Jia Y, Chen X, Liu S, Zhang Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome elements of male infertility revealed by latent tree model analysis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 38:926-935. [PMID: 32186141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the features of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in male infertility using computer-based analyses. METHODS Latent class analysis was used to analyze the TCM syndrome data from 813 patients with male infertility and establish a latent tree model. RESULTS A latent tree model with a Bayesian information criterion score of -11 263 was created. This model revealed that the characteristics of basic TCM syndromes in patients with male infertility were kidney Yang deficiency, kidney Qi deficiency, spleen Yang deficiency, liver Qi stagnation, Qi stagnation and blood stasis, and dump-heat; moreover, most patients with male infertility had complex syndromes (spleen-kidney Yang deficiency and liver Qi stagnation) rather than simple single syndromes. CONCLUSION The hidden tree model analysis revealed the objective and quantitative complex relationships between the TCM symptoms of male infertility, and obtained the quantification and objective evidence of TCM syndromes in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jingzhe Yang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Tao Kong
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Chenli Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Peng Ning
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xiaochao Chen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Yusen Jia
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shaoming Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100102, China
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Manatsathit W, Samant H, Kapur S, Ingviya T, Esmadi M, Wijarnpreecha K, McCashland T. Accuracy of liver stiffness, spleen stiffness, and LS-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score in detection of esophageal varices: Systemic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1696-1706. [PMID: 29736946 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is increasing evidence of non-invasive measurement using elastography such liver stiffness (LS), spleen stiffness (SS), and LS-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score (LSPS) for detection of esophageal varices (EV); however, data regarding comparison between these three parameters are limited. METHODS We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating performance of LS, SS, and LSPS for detection of EV and high risk/clinically significant EV (HREV). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, log diagnostic odd ratio (LDOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of LS, SS, and LSPS for detection of EV and HREV were analyzed and compared. Publication bias was assessed by Deeks' funnel plot. RESULTS SS and LSPS were superior to LS for detection of EV with higher sensitivity (0.90 and 0.91 vs 0.85), specificity (0.73 and 0.76 vs 0.64), LDOR (3.24 and 3.35 vs 2.26), and AUC (0.899 and 0.851 vs 0.817). For HREV, SS had the highest sensitivity (0.87) followed by LS (0.85) and LSPS (0.82); however, SS had the lowest specificity (0.52), LDOR (2.09), and AUC (0.807) whereas LSPS had the highest specificity (0.77), LDOR (2.74), and AUC (0.861). CONCLUSION For detection of EV, we prefer using LSPS and SS over LS when available, while LS, SS, and LSPS cannot be recommended for detection of HREV due to their moderate sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttiporn Manatsathit
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Samant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Saurabh Kapur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Thammasin Ingviya
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Esmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Physicians Clinic, Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Timothy McCashland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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25
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Cajöri GA, Christ M, Benz D. Think of Rare Things-Atraumatic Splenic Hemorrhage. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2018; 115:355. [PMID: 29914618 PMCID: PMC6172653 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian-Andrea Cajöri
- *Interdisziplinäres Notfallzentrum, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Schweiz,
| | - Michael Christ
- *Interdisziplinäres Notfallzentrum, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Schweiz,
| | - David Benz
- **Klinik für Radiologie, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Schweiz
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26
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Lucchina N, Recaldini C, Macchi M, Molinelli V, Montanari M, Segato S, Novario R, Fugazzola C. Point Shear Wave Elastography of the Spleen: Its Role in Patients with Portal Hypertension. Ultrasound Med Biol 2018; 44:771-778. [PMID: 29352618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the study described here were to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of measuring spleen stiffness (SS) using point shear wave elastography in a series of cirrhotic patients and to investigate whether SS, liver stiffness (LS) and other non-invasive parameters are correlated with the presence of esophagogastric varices (EVs). Fifty-four cirrhotic patients with low-grade EVs or without EVs at esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy were enrolled. They underwent abdominal ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound of hepatic vessels simultaneously with p-SWE of the liver and spleen. In 42 patients, the accuracy of LS and SS, as well as of platelet count and spleen longitudinal diameter, in predicting the presence of EVs was evaluated. The technical success was 90.74% for LS (49/54 patients) and 77.78% for SS (42/54 patients). Inter-observer agreement for SS measurement was high. Both LS and SS correlated with esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy: LS had the highest accuracy in predicting the presence of EVs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.913); SS had the lowest accuracy (AUROC = 0.675); platelet count and spleen diameter had intermediate accuracy (AUROC = 0.731 and 0.729, respectively). SS did not have an advantage over LS in predicting low-grade EVs and cannot be proposed as a useful tool in the diagnostic process of cirrhotic patients who require screening esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Macchi
- School of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Mario Montanari
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Sergio Segato
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Raffaele Novario
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carlo Fugazzola
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Varese, Italy; School of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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27
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Hu XD, Geng HY, Wang L, Xu HF, Su Y, Liang S, Qian LX. Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging of the Spleen for Staging of Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Ultrasound Med Biol 2017; 43:2343-2351. [PMID: 28705556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the work described here was to explore the cause of spleen stiffness (SS) in hepatic fibrogenesis and evaluate the value of SS in liver fibrosis (LF) staging. LF was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats (n = 40). Supersonic shear wave imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were performed to determine liver stiffness (LS), SS and splenic hemodynamics. SS, LS and free portal pressure exhibited moderate correlations with fibrosis stage (r = 0.744-0.835, p < 0.001). Time-intensity curves of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the spleen were presented as decreasing peak intensity and slope of decrease, and increasing time to peak. Splenic sinus dilation and congestion were observed on histopathologic analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SS was higher than that of LS for differentiating LF stages 0-2 from stages 3-4 (Z = 2.293, p = 0.02). SS is a reliable diagnostic marker for the assessment of LF in the CCl4 model, especially for severe fibrosis. Elevated portal pressure is the cause of increasing SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Ying Geng
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu-Feng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Xue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Lu Y, Wang F, Liu L, Liu J, Liu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain and spleen infected with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 69:35-45. [PMID: 28757199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is the pathogen of spring viremia of carp (SVC) and often causes acute hemorrhagic symptoms in various kinds of cyprinids and induces serious environmental and economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms of infection remain poorly understood, especially at the individual level. In this study, zebrafish was employed as the infection model to explore the pathogenesis of SVCV. 4 groups of zebrafish tissues were set and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after SVCV-infection. A total of 360,971,498 clean reads were obtained from 12 samples, 382 DEGs in the brain and 926 DEGs in the spleen were identified. These DEGs were annotated into three ontologies after gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were primarily related to Influenza A pathway and Herpes simplex infection pathway in brain and Tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis pathways in spleen, and all of these pathways may be involved in response to pathogen invasion. At the same time, 3' and 5' alternative splicing (AS) events were significantly up-regulated in the spleen. The transcriptome analysis results demonstrated changes and tissue-specific influences caused by SVCV in vivo, which provided us with more information to understand the complex relationships between SVCV and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeda Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, China Zebrafish Resource Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China.
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29
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Kjærgaard M, Thiele M, Jansen C, Stæhr Madsen B, Görtzen J, Strassburg C, Trebicka J, Krag A. High risk of misinterpreting liver and spleen stiffness using 2D shear-wave and transient elastography after a moderate or high calorie meal. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173992. [PMID: 28376114 PMCID: PMC5380309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake increases liver stiffness, but it is believed that liver stiffness returns to baseline two hours after a meal. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different sized meals on liver stiffness. Liver and spleen stiffness was measured with transient elastography (TE) and real-time 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). Patients ingested a 625 kcal and a 1250 kcal liquid meal on two consecutive days. We measured liver and spleen elasticity, Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and portal flow at baseline and after 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Sixty patients participated, 83% with alcoholic liver disease. Twenty-eight patients had METAVIR fibrosis score F0-3 and 32 patients had cirrhosis. Liver stiffness, spleen stiffness and CAP increased after both meals for all stages of fibrosis. False positive 2D-SWE liver stiffness measurements caused 36% and 52% of patients with F0-3 fibrosis to be misclassified with higher stages of fibrosis after the moderate and high caloric meal. Likewise, 10% and 13% of compensated cirrhosis patients were misclassified with clinically significant portal hypertension after the two meals. We observed similar misclassification rates with TE. After three hours, liver stiffness remained elevated more than 20% from baseline in up to 50% of patients. In conclusion: Liver stiffness, spleen stiffness and CAP increase after a meal across all stages of fibrosis and across elastography techniques. Up to half of patients may be misclassified with higher stages of fibrosis, if they are assessed after less than three hours fasting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kjærgaard
- Department and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bjørn Stæhr Madsen
- Department and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Görtzen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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30
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Yong RL, Qu Y, Li XX, Wang JB, Xue YN, Zhang LD. [Effect of Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli"(ST 36) on the Expression of Ghrelin/cAMP/PKA in the Jejunum in Rats with Spleen Qi Deficiency Syndrome]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2016; 41:497-501. [PMID: 29071891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli"(ST 36) on Ghrelin/cAMP/PKA expression in the jejunum in rats with spleen qi deficiency syndrome, so as to reveal its underlying mechanism in improving energy metabolism. METHODS Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group, spleen qi deficiency syndrome (model) group, EA group and non-acupoint group (n=10 in each group).The model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome was established by improper diet and overstrain. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.5 mA) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) in the EA group and non-acupoint in non-acupoint group for 20 min, once a day for 6 days. The pathologic changes of the jejunum tissue were detected by H&E staining. Ghrelin, ATP and cAMP levels in jejunum tissue were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of PKA protein in jejunum tissue were determined by Western blot. RESULTS H&E staining showed that the intestinal villi of the model group were swelling, shortening and thickening, with a damaged or broken top-part in the model group, and basically restored to normal after EA treatment. ELISA results showed that the contents of Ghrelin, ATP and cAMP in the jejunum tissue were significantly lower in the model group than in the normal group (P<0.05), while significantly higher in the EA group than in the model group (P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression of PKA protein in the jejunum tissue was significantly lower in the model group than in the normal group (P<0.05), and significantly higher in the EA group than in the model group and non-acupoint group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS EA at ST 36 can improve the morphological changes in the jejunum of spleen qi deficiency rats, which may be associated with its effects in increasing Ghrelin, ATP and cAMP contents, and up-regulating PKA expression, leading to an increase of energy metabolism and spleen qi at last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Yong
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Mi-nistry of Education for Chinese Medical Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Mi-nistry of Education for Chinese Medical Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Mi-nistry of Education for Chinese Medical Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Mi-nistry of Education for Chinese Medical Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Mi-nistry of Education for Chinese Medical Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Li-de Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Mi-nistry of Education for Chinese Medical Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China.
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Balakrishnan M, Souza F, Muñoz C, Augustin S, Loo N, Deng Y, Ciarleglio M, Garcia-Tsao G. Liver and Spleen Stiffness Measurements by Point Shear Wave Elastography via Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse: Intraobserver and Interobserver Variability and Predictors of Variability in a US Population. J Ultrasound Med 2016; 35:2373-2380. [PMID: 27663656 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.15.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Measurements of liver stiffness and spleen stiffness are useful noninvasive ways to assess fibrosis and portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease. One method for assessing stiffness is by point shear wave elastography via acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI). Its advantage is that sites where stiffness is measured are visualized sonographically. However, its reliability has not been well established, and all studies done to date evaluating the use of ARFI in chronic liver disease have been performed outside the United States. We aimed to characterize the intraobserver and interobserver variability of ARFI-measured liver and spleen stiffness. METHODS Two hepatologists evaluated unselected hepatology outpatients with ARFI. Exclusions were hepatocellular carcinoma, ascites, a surgical shunt or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, portal thrombosis, and cholestatic disease. Each operator obtained 20 measurements from the right liver lobe and spleen. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 177 patients were included: median age, 61 years; 85% male; and 43% obese. Intraobserver ICCs were the same for both observers for liver stiffness (0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.92) and spleen stiffness (0.72; 95% CI, 0.61-0.80). Interobserver agreement was excellent for liver stiffness (ICC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90) but not as good for spleen stiffness (ICC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.83). A body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater, waist circumference of greater than 105 cm, and skin-to-capsule distance of 2 cm or greater negatively affected the ICC for liver stiffness; small spleen size negatively affected the ICC for spleen stiffness. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this article is the first report of ARFI findings in a US population with chronic liver disease. Liver stiffness reproducibility was excellent, particularly in nonobese patients. Spleen stiffness reproducibility was excellent in those with larger spleens and therefore may be most useful in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Balakrishnan
- Digestive Diseases Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Fernanda Souza
- Digestive Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Carolina Muñoz
- Digestive Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Salvador Augustin
- Digestive Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Nicole Loo
- Digestive Diseases Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut USA
- Digestive Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maria Ciarleglio
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
- Digestive Diseases Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut USA
- Digestive Diseases Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut USA
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Mubaraki MA, Hafiz TA, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S. Beneficial effect of Punica granatum peel extract on murine malaria-induced spleen injury. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:221. [PMID: 27422638 PMCID: PMC4947305 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple drug-resistant malaria parasites have been widely detected, which has encouraged research studies focused on discovering alternative therapies. Medicinal plants such as pomegranate, Punica granatum, have been proven to exhibit antiprotozoal effects and therefore, we examined its effects on murine malaria-induced splenic injury and oxidative stress in this study. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups, a vehicle control and two groups that were infected with 10(6) Plasmodium chabaudi-parasitized red blood cells (RBCs). The third group was gavaged with 100 μL of 300 mg/kg pomegranate peel extract for 6 days. All mice were euthanized on day 6 post-infection. RESULTS The results revealed the potential antimalarial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of pomegranate. Furthermore, pomegranate peel extracts significantly reduced parasitemia and spleen index of the treated mice compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the spleen histology score supported the findings by showing better amelioration in the pomegranate-treated mice than in the untreated mice. Concomitantly, the spleen capsule thickness showed clear evidence of splenomegaly in the untreated mice, as evidenced by the reduced spleen capsule. However, pomegranate peel extract exhibited a remarkable restorative effect on the spleen capsules of the treated mice. Moreover, the extract significantly reduced the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, our study showed that pomegranate extract profoundly affected oxidative stress levels by reducing the oxidant molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). CONCLUSION This study showed that pomegranate clearly induced antimalarial activity in the host by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Furthermore, pomegranate enhanced the innate immune responses and, therefore, could serve an alternative therapy to control clinical malaria episodes and may protect against malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad A Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A Hafiz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lee CM, Jeong WK, Lim S, Kim Y, Kim J, Kim TY, Sohn JH. Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Patients with Cirrhosis: Splenic Arterial Resistive Index versus Liver Stiffness Measurement. Ultrasound Med Biol 2016; 42:1312-1320. [PMID: 27045219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the splenic arterial resistive index (SARI) with that of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for identifying patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). We included 47 patients (M:F = 37:10) who underwent Doppler ultrasonography, LSM and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) on the same day. We investigated whether the SARI and LSM were correlated with the HVPG, and compared area under the curve (AUC) values for the abilities of SARI and LSM to diagnose CSPH. We also performed a sub-group analysis. The SARI and LSM were all moderately correlated with HVPG overall in patients. The AUC of SARI and LSM were 0.873 and 0.745, respectively. In patients without splenomegaly, SARI was strongly correlated with HVPG (r = 0.830), but LSM was moderately correlated with HVPG (r = 0.601). The AUC was also higher for SARI than for LSM. Therefore, SARI is potentially an excellent non-invasive measurement method for diagnosing CSPH, especially those without splenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sanghyeok Lim
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jinoo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University College of Medicine, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Yeob Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Gao X, Ma F, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Du Y. [Acupuncture method of "Huoxue Sanfeng, Shugan Jianpi" for morning blood pressure in patients with cerebral infraction combined with essential hypertension: a randomized controlled trial]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2016; 36:459-462. [PMID: 27509600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture method of "Huoxue Sanfeng, Shugan Jianpi" (activating blood and eliminating wind, soothing liver and strengthening spleen) on morning blood pressure in patients with cerebral infraction combined with essential hypertension. METHODS Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 34 cases in each one. The patients in the two groups were treated with acupuncture method of "Xingnao Kaiqiao" (consciousness-restoring resuscitation) and oral administration of nifedipine. In addition, patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture method of "Huoxue Sanfeng, Shugan Jianpi" that met the criteria of standard manipulation, in which bilateral Renying (ST 9), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were selected. The treatment was given once a day, five times a week, for totally six weeks. The improvement and control rate of morning blood pressure in the two groups were observed. RESULTS (1) After treatment, the morning blood pressures were decreased significantly in the two groups (all P < 0.05); after 15 treatments, the reduction of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in the observation group was superior to that in the control group, but the difference was not significant (both P > 0.05); after 30 treatments, the reduction of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (both P < 0.05). (2) After 30 treatments, the control rate of morning blood pressure in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [82.4% (28/34) vs 58.8% (20/34), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION Acupuncture method of "Huoxue Sanfeng, Shugan Jianpi", characterized with standard manipulation criteria, can effectively control morning blood pressure in patients with cerebral infraction combined with essential hypertension.
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Wang K, Liu Z, Xu B. [Impact on the lipid level of obesity of spleen deficiency and damp blockage complicated by hyperlipemia treated with warm needling therapy and auricular acupuncture]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2016; 36:225-230. [PMID: 27344822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy on obesity of spleen deficiency and damp blockage pattern and hyperlipemia treated with warm needling therapy and auricular acupuncture and the effect mechanism of the combined treatment. METHODS One hundred and ten patients of obesity of spleen deficiency and damp blockage pattern and hyperlipemia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 55 cases in each one. Additionally, a healthy group (52 cases) was set up as the control. In the control group, the warm needling therapy was applied to Taibai (SP 3), Chongyang (ST 42), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Zusanli (ST 36), etc., once every two days. In the observation group, on the basic treatment as the control group, the auricular acupuncture was applied to Pi (CO₁₃), Wei (CO₄), Fei (CO₁₄), Shen (CO₁₀), etc., once every 2 to 3 days. The efficacy was evaluated after 3-month, treatment in the two groups. The observation was conducted on the obesity outcomes [body mass, obesity degree (A), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (F%)], blood-lipoids indicators [such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], fat-islet endocrine axis outcomes [such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , fasting leptin (FLP), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) and insulin β cell function index (Homa-β)], as well as autonomic nerve function index (Y) before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups. The efficacy was assessed in the two groups. RESULTS The total effective rate was 96.4% (53/55) in the observation group, better than 87.3% (48/55, P < 0.01) in the control group. For the improvements of the obesity indices, the differences were not significant between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Before treatment, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, FLP, FPG, FINS and Homa-IR in the two groups were all significantly higher than those in the healthy group (all P < 0.01), and the levels of HDL, ISI, Homa-β and Y were significantly lower than those in the healthy group (all P < 0.01). After treatment, except Homa-β, the other indices were all improved significantly (all P < 0.01). The results in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The patients of obesity of spleen deficiency and damp blockage pattern and hyperlipemia have the disturbances of lipid metabolism, "fat-islet endocrinal axis" function and automatic nerve function. The combined treatment of warm needling therapy and auricular acupuncture or simple warm needling therapy present the effects of weight reducing and lipid reducing. The effect of the combined treatment is better than simple warm needling therapy. The efficacy mechanism is probably relevant to the positive regulation of blood glucose, lipid metabolism, fat-islet endocrinal axis and automatic nerve function.
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Tan C, Li J, Li T, Jiang X, Ye L, Wang D. [Clinical effect on infantile food accumulation treated with centripetal tuina therapy at spleen meridian site of different location]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2016; 36:267-270. [PMID: 27344833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on infantile food accumulation treated with centripetal tuina therapy at spleen meridian site of different location. METHODS Sixty cases of infantile food accumulation were randomized into a palmar thumb surface group and a radial margin group, 30 cases in each one. In the palmar thumb surface group, the spleen meridian was stimulated with the pushing technique centripetally on the palmar side of the thumb. In the radial margin group, the spleen meridian was stimulated with the pushing, technique centripetally along the radial margin of the thumb. The traditional tuina techniques, such as tuisanguan, yun neibagua were combined in the two groups. The treatment was given once a day, 6 times a week, 12 treatments as one session. After the 1 session of treatment, the main symptom scores before and after treatment were compared in the patients of the two groups, the improvements in the accompanied symptoms were observed, such as appetite, defecation and tongue coating; and the efficacy was evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS The total effective rates were 93.3% (28/30) and 90.0% (27/30) in the palmar thumb surface group and the radial margin group respectively and the difference was not significant statistically in comparison of the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the main symptom score was improved significantly in the two groups, indicating the significant difference as compared with that before treatment (both P < 0.05). The improvement in foul breathing in the palmar thumb surface group was better than that in the radial margin group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Between the two kinds of pushing techniques at spleen meridian site, pushing on the palmar surface of the thumb and pushing along the radial margin, there is no difference in the total efficacy on infantile food accumulation. Regarding the improvement in foul breathing, the effect in the palmar thumb surface group is better than that in the radial margin group.
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Park J, Kwon H, Cho J, Oh J, Lee S, Han S, Lee SW, Baek Y. Is the spleen stiffness value acquired using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology predictive of the presence of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of various etiologies? Med Ultrason 2016; 18:11-17. [PMID: 26962548 DOI: 10.11152/mu.2013.2066.181.sff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study's aimwas to determine the accuracy of the spleen stiffness value acquired using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology, to predict the presence of esophageal varices (EVs) in patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Of the 366 enrolled patients, 192 had hepatitis B virus, 74 had hepatitis C virus, and 100 had alcohol-related cirrhosis. All patients underwent biochemical tests, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and liver and spleen elastography by ARFI. We evaluated the correlation between the presence of EVs and factors including liver and spleen stiffness measured by ARFI, biochemical tests, and other noninvasive measurements, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelet count (PLT), spleen diameter (SD), PLT to SD ratio, AST to ALT ratio (AAR) score, the AST to PLT ratio index (APRI) score. RESULTS A univariate analysis revealed that the AAR score, APRI score, PLT, PLT/SD ratio, and spleen elastography variables were all independently associated with EVs (p<0.05). On multivariate analysis, only spleen elastography was associated with EVs (p=0.001). However, in cases of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis, spleen stiffness was not reliable for the prediction of EVs. CONCLUSION Spleen elastography measured using ARFI may serve as a non-invasive method for determining the presence of EVs. However, it is not an appropriate predictor for EVs in alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Park
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Heejin Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jongyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sangyoung Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yanghyun Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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Huang Z, Song S, Tan K, Chu J, Zhu X, Zeng Y. [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern treated with acupoint embedding therapy: a randomized controlled trial]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2016; 36:119-123. [PMID: 27348904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the difference between the acupoint embedding therapy and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules in the clinical efficacy on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern. METHODS The multi-center clinical trial was adopted and 180 cases of NAFLD of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern were randomized into an embedding therapy group and a western medication group, 90 cases in each one. On the basis of general treatment such as diet control and proper physical exercise, in the embedding therapy group, the acupoint embedding therapy was applied to Ganshu (BL 18), Tai-chong (LR 3), Fenglong (ST 40), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), once every 7 days; in the western medication group, polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules (essentiale) were prescribed, 228 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, three times a day. In 6 months of treatment, TCM syndrome score, liver enzymology, blood lipid and abdomen B-ultrasound examination were observed and compared before and after treatment between the two groups. RESULTS (1) For TCM syndrome score, the total score in the embedding therapy group was lower significantly than that in the western medication group (P<0. 05); (2) For liver enzymology and blood lipid, the levels of serum alanine transarninase (ALT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) in the embedding therapy group were reduced significantly as compared with those in the western medication group (all P<0. 05); (3) For abdomen B-ultrasound examination, the fatty liver degree in the embedding therapy group was relieved significantly as compared with that in the western medication group (P< 0. 05); (4) For clinical efficacy, the total effective rate was 89. 8%o (79/88) in the embedding therapy group, higher significantly than 76. 7% (69/90) in the western medication group(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION The acupoint embedding therapy achieves the definite efficacy on NAFLD of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern, better than polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules.
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Kretzschmar J, Wilke K. [Is vaccination with the meningococcal vaccine Bexsero recommended for asplenia?]. Med Monatsschr Pharm 2016; 39:79-80. [PMID: 26983337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Xiao LY, Liu WA, Wu QM, Wang LY, Zhou KM, Ye HM, Fu L. [Influence of Herbal-cake-separated Moxibustion on Contents of 5-HT, DA and NE in Hypothalamus in Rats with Functional Dyspepsia of Liver Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2016; 41:60-64. [PMID: 27141623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the influence of herbal cake-separated moxibustion on the contents of 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamus in rats with functional dyspepsia (FD) of syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of FD. METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, model, herbal cake-separated moxibustion, moxa-cone moxibustion, Xiaoyaosan (decoction for relieving liver stagnation) and Domperidon, with 10 rats in each group. The FD model was established by applying chronic restraint stress + excessive fatigue + irregular food + tail clipping+ shaking for 21 consecutive days. Moxibustion (herbal cake-separated or moxa-cone) was applied to bilateral "Ganshu" (BL 18), "Pishu" (BL 20) and "Weishu" (BL 21), or "Zhangmen"(LR 13), "Qimen" (LR 14) and "Zhongwan" (CV 12) for 30 min, once daily for 14 d. For rats of the two medication groups, Xiaoyaosan [1 mL (2 g)/100 g] and Domperidone [1 mL (0.3 g)/100 g] were administrated by gavage, respectively. The contents of 5-HT, DA and NE in the hypothalamus tissue were detected by high performance liquid Phrnm.tnrnh, RESULTS The gastric empty rate was obviously lower in the model group than in the control group (P<0. 01). After the treatment, the gastric empty rate in the herbal cake-separated moxibustion, moxa-cone moxibustion, Xiaoyaosan and Domperidone groups were significantly increased in comparison with the model group ( P<0. 01) , but there were no significant differences among the four treatment groups (P > 0.05). Compared to the control group, the contents of 5-HT, DA and NE in the hypothalamus were markedly decreased in the model group (P < 0.01), while compared to the model group, the contents of hypothalamic 5- HT, DA and NE contents were significantly up-regulated in both the herbal cake-separated moxibustion and Xiaoyaosan groups (P < 0.01), rather than in the moxa-cone moxibustion and Domperidone groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences were found between the herbal cake-separated moxibustion and Xioayaosan groups in increasing hypothalamic 5-HT, DA and NE levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Herbal cake-separated moxibustion can promote the gastric empty rate in FD rats, which may be associated with its effects in inhibiting stress induced decrease of hypothalamic 5-HT, DA and NE levels.
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Wang T, Cheng F, Ren H, Qiu C, Zhau C, Chen Y. [Clinical observation of recurrent oral ulcer of heat accumulation in the heart and spleen treated with acupoint injection and fire needling therapy]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2015; 35:1243-1246. [PMID: 26964166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical efficacy between the combined acupuncture therapy of acupoint injection and fire needling and the oral administration of vitamin C and B2 as well as subcutaneous injection of transfer factor. METHODS One hundred and fifty-eight patients of recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) differentiated as heat accumulation in the heart and spleen were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 79 cases in each, one. In the observation group, Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL 20) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected for acupoint injection of shuang huanglian injection, 1 mL at each point, three times a week, for 2 weeks totally. Additionally, fire needling was applied to the ulcer lesion and peripheral mucosa, once a day, totally for 3 times. In the control group, vitamin C 100 mg and vitamin B2 20 mg were prescribed for oral administration, three times a day; and subcutaneous injection of transfer factor was applied, 2 mL (3 mg), twice a week, for 2 weeks totally. The score of symptoms and physical signs and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed before and after treatment, as well as the time of ulcer healing and ulcer recurrence in the patients of the two groups. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. RESULTS The total effective rate was 92.4% (73/79) in the observation group, better than 77.2% (61/79) in the control group (P < 0.01). The differences in the score of symptoms and physical signs and VAS score before and after treatment were significant statistically in the observation group and the control group (all P < 0.01). The score of symptoms and physical signs and VAS score after treatment in the observation group were reduced significantly as compared with those in the control group (both P < 0.01). The time of ulcer healing in the observation group was earlier than that in the control group [(3.87 +/- 1.01) d vs. (6.22 +/- 0.53) d, P < 0.01]. The recurrence rate in the observation was lower than that in the control group [22.7% (17/75) vs. 50.0% (36/72), P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION The combined therapy of acupoint injection and fire needling achieves the better efficacy on ROU compared with oral administration of vitamin and subcutaneous injection of transfer factor. This therapy has the good and quick effect of analgesia, relieves the relevant symptoms, shortens the time of ulcer healing and reduces the recurrence rate.
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Pei L, Zhu L, Sun J, Wu X, Chen L. [Constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome treated with acupuncture for regulating the mind and strengthening the spleen: a randomized controlled trial]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2015; 35:1095-1098. [PMID: 26939315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy on constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) treated with acupuncture for regulating the mind and strengthening the spleen and the impacts on the quality of life in the patients. METHODS Sixty patients of IBS-C were randomized into two groups. In the acupuncture group (30 cases), acupuncture was applied to Tianshu (ST 25), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Taichong (LR 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yintang (GV 29) and Baihui (GV 20), once a day, 5 treatments a week and 4 weeks treatment as one session. In the western medication group (30 cases), lactulose oral solution was prescribed, 15 mL each time, three times a day, 4 weeks treatment as one session. The symptom grade scale and the quality of life scale (IBS-QOL) were adopted to observe the changes in clinical symptoms and quality of life before treatment, after treatment and 2-month follow-up after treatment in the patients of the two groups separately. RESULTS (1) Clinical symptom score: the difference in the symptom score at each time point was significant statistically in intra-group comparison (P < 0.01). In 1 week, 4 weeks of treatment and 2 months after treatment, the clinical symptom scores in the acupuncture group were lower than those in the western medication group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) IBS-QOL score after treatment was improved as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01). The improvement of IBS-QOL at 2 months after treatment in the acupuncture group was apparently superior to the western medication group (P < 0.05). (3) The total effective rate was 90.0% (27/30) in the acupuncture group and was 83.3% (25/30) in the western medication group. The overall efficacy in the acupuncture group was better than that in the western medication group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Acupuncture for regulating the mind and strengthening the spleen significantly relieves the clinical symptoms of IBS-C and improves QOL of patients. The total efficacy is superior to lactulose oral solution and presents a certain of long-term efficacy.
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Wang M, Zhang ZL, Ji XQ, Yang YQ, Yang XJ, Li S. [Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial for Analyzing Effect of "Spleen-Stomach Regulation Nee- dling" on Oxidative Stress Level in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2015; 40:409-414. [PMID: 26669200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of "spleen-stomach needling" on changes of plasma malondialdehyde. (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO, an oxidative stress damage biomaker), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improving diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetic nephropathy patients were randomized into routine acupuncture (control) group (n = 72) and spleen-stomach needling (observation) group (n = 70) according to a random digits table and by using multi-centers, randomized and blind methods in the present study. All the patients were received routine medication. In addition, patients of the control group were treated by acupuncture stimulation of Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shousanli (LI 10), Waiguan (TE 5), Yangxi (LI 5), Liangqiu (ST 34), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Neiting (ST.44), Huaroumen (ST 24), and Dachangshu (BL 25), and those of the observation group treated by acupuncture stimulation of Zhongwan (CV 12), Quchi (LI 11), HQgu (LI 4), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Fenglong (ST 40), Diji (SP 8), Sanyinjiao (SP 6),Taichong (LR 3), Gaohuang (BL 43), Shenshu (BL 23), Baihuanshu (BL 30) and Zhongji (CV 3) with spleen-stomach needling method. The treatment of both groups was conducted twice a day for six weeks except Sundays. Plasma MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG contents were detected by using ELISA, and SOD detected using xanthine oxidase method. RESULTS After 3 weeks' treatment, plasma MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG contents were significantly increased in both control and observation groups, and plasma SOD was obviously reduced in both groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the plasma MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG contents (P > 0.05). While after 6 weeks' treatment, plasma MDA, PO and 8-OHdG contents were significantly decreased (turning to the normal levels) and plasma SOD level in the observation group was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). Following 3 weeks' treatment, of the 72 and 70 patients in the control and observation groups, 10 and 20 cases experienced marked improvement, 22 and 15 were improved, and 40 and 35 invalid, respectively. After 6 weeks' treatment, of the 72 and 70 patients in the control and observation groups, 12 and 39 experienced marked improvement, 28 and 20 cases were improved, 32 and 11 invalid, respectively. The therapeutic effect of the observation group was obviously superior to that of the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Acupuncture treatment with spleen-stomach regulation needling can down-regulate plasma MDA, PCO, 8-OHdG contents and up-regulate SOD activity in diabetic nephropathy patients, which may contribute to its effect in improving the patients' symptoms probably by resisting the oxidative stress damage.
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Xiao HL, Wu YJ, Wang X, Li YF, Fang ZQ. [Medication rule for treatment of functional dyspepsia: an analysis of traditional Chinese medicine literature based on China National Knowledge Internet]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:3866-3869. [PMID: 26975115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By retrieving the clinical research literature of treatment functional dyspepsia by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from January 2004 to December 2014 based on China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), we would establish a TCM decoction database for treating functional dyspepsia in this study. One hundred and sixty-four literature were included, involving 159 prescriptions, 377 medicines, in a total of 1 990 herbs. These herbs can be divided into 18 categories according to the effectiveness; and qi-regulating herbs, blood circulation herbs, and antipyretic herbs ranked top three ones according to the frequency of usage of the herbs, whose medicine usage frequency accounted for 51.81%. Usage frequency of 16 herbs was over 30, and Atractylodes, Radix, Poriaranked top three according to the usage frequency. Medicinal properties were divided into 9 kinds according to the frequency statistics, and the top three were warm, flat, and cold. Taste frequency statistics were classifiedinto 9 kinds, and the top three were acrid, sweet, and bitter. In frequency statistics of the meridian tropism of herbs, it was classifiedinto 11 kinds, and the top three were spleen, stomach, lung. The analysis can provide a reference for treatment and study of TCM of functional dyspepsia.
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Joseph P, Ishai A, MacNabb M, Abdelbaky A, Lavender ZR, Ruskin J, Nahrendorf M, Tawakol A. Atrial fibrillation is associated with hematopoietic tissue activation and arterial inflammation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 32:113-9. [PMID: 26411879 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Activity in hematopoietic tissues, which produce inflammatory leukocytes, is closely related to systemic inflammation, arterial inflammation and cardiovascular events, but its relationship to AF is unknown. Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we examined the relationships between AF, splenic metabolic activity and vascular inflammation. We conducted a cross sectional study of 70 participants: 35 with AF, who were matched (by age, sex and history of active cancer) to 35 controls without AF. Splenic metabolic activity and vascular aortic inflammation were measured by the mean FDG maximum standard uptake values (SUV Max) by PET. We examined (1) the association between AF and splenic activity, and (2) AF and aortic inflammation. The mean age of the population was 68.13 (standard deviation (SD) 8.98) years and 46 (65 %) participants were male. Splenic activity was higher in AF participants [2.31 (SD 0.45) vs. 2.07 (SD 0.37), p = 0.024], and remained significant after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Aortic inflammation was also higher in AF participants [2.22 (SD 0.44) vs. 1.91 (SD 0.44), p = 0.004], and remained significant on multivariable analysis. Aortic inflammation and splenic activity were highly correlated (Pearson R = 0.61, p < 0.001). Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher hematopoietic tissue activation and arterial inflammation. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms by which this cardio-splenic axis is implicated in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Joseph
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amorina Ishai
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Megan MacNabb
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amr Abdelbaky
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zachary R Lavender
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeremy Ruskin
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiac Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Suite 400-165 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Lishmanov YB, Maslov LN, Sementsov AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Tsibulnikov SY. [STRESS AND INFARCT LIMITING EFFECTS OF EARLY HYPOXIC PRECONDITIONING]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2015; 101:1013-1021. [PMID: 26672158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It was established that early hypoxic preconditioning is an adaptive state different from eustress and distress. Hypoxic preconditioning has the cross effects, increasing the tolerance of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion and providing antiulcerogenic effect during immobilization stress.
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Liu Y, Lin C, Wu H, Wang X, Zhu Y. [Acupuncture treatment of insomnia based on the spleen and stomach theory]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2015; 35:768-772. [PMID: 26571888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the impact of acupuncture on the subjective symptom, sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients of insomnia differentiated as spleen deficiency or non-spleen deficiency in terms of the spleen and stomach theory. METHODS Sixty patients with insomnia were divided into a spleen deficiency group and a non-spleen deficiency group, 30 cases in each one. In the two groups, acupuncture was applied at Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was given once every other day, five times as one course, and two courses were required. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to observe the changes in the patients' subjective symptoms. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was adopted to observe the changes of patients' sleep quality. The sleep efficiency was applied to observe the changes in sleep time. The clinical efficacy was determined. RESULTS The total effective rate was both 80. 0% (24/30) after 5 and 10 treatments in the spleen deficiency group and was 76. 7% (23/30) and 80. 0% (24/30) respectively in the non-spleen deficiency group. The differences were not significant between the two groups (both P >0. 05). The AIS total scores and PSQI total scores were reduced apparently after 5 and 10 treatments as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). The difference at each time point was not significant between the two groups (all P>0. 05). The sleep efficiency after 5 and 10 treatments was all improved as compared with that before the treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 01). CONCLUSION Acupuncture based on the spleen and stomach theory achieves possibly the same clinical efficacy in the patients of insomnia differentiated as those with spleen deficiency and non-spleen deficiency. It relieves the subjective symptoms and improves the sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients.
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Low CF, Mariana NS, Maha A, Chee HY, Fatimah MY. Non-immune-related genes and signalling pathways in spleen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal). J Fish Dis 2015; 38:761-764. [PMID: 25073481 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-F Low
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N S Mariana
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Maha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H-Y Chee
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Y Fatimah
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pang T, Liu Z, Xu B. [Clinical observation on obesity and hyperlipidemia of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syn- drome in female patients treated with warm acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2015; 35:529-533. [PMID: 26480544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the differences of clinical effects in female patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syndrome between warm acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture and simple warm acupuncture. METHODS One hundred and thirty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 65 cases in each one. In the control group, acupuncture was used at Pishu (BL 20), Zhongwan(CV 12), Shenshu(BL 23), Zhongji(CV 3), Guanyuan(CV 4), Mingmen(GV 4), Taibai(SP 3), Fenglong(ST 40), etc.; warm acupuncture was applied at Pishu(BL 20), Zhongwan(CV 12), Shenshu(BL 23) and Zhongji(CV 3); the treatment was required once every two days and for 3 months continuously. In the observation group, based on the treatment in the control group, thumbtack intradermal needles were embedded at auricular points, including pi(CO13), shen(CO10), pangguang(CO9), sanjiao(CO17), neifenmi(CO18), neishengzhiqi(TF2), etc. Obesity indices [body mass(W), obesity degree(A), body mass index(BMI), body fat percentage(F%)] blood lipid indices [serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)] and clinical efficacy were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Results After treatment in the two groups, the obesity indices of W, A, BMI, F% and the blood lipid levels of TC, TG, LDL-C were obviously decreased compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01) and the HDL-C levels were apparently increased than those before treatment (both P<0. 01). After treatment, the improvement of TC and HDL-C in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (both P<0. 01). The difference was not statistically significant in the aspect of improving every obesity index between two groups (all P>. 05). The comprehensive total effective rate of the observation group was 95.4% (62/65), which was better than 84. 6% (55/65) of the control group (P<0. 001). CONCLUSION Warm acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture and simple warm acupuncture can both benignly adjust abnormal lipid metabolism of obesity patients with hyperlipidemia, and warm acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture are superior to simple warm acupuncture treatment on antiobesity action and improving the TC and HDL-C levels.
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Zhang LX. [Observation on clinical efficacy of Baoerkang san on spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing diarrhea in children]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:1605-1609. [PMID: 26281607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to observe the clinical efficacy of Baoerkang san on spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing diarrhea in children. Children diarrhea divided into acute diarrhea (group I) and chronic persistent diarrhea (group II). A randomized, double-blind, positive control test was conducted for dose finding. The 340 cases with acute diarrhea in group I were divided into three groups: the high dose group (112 patients), the low dose group (113 patients) and the positive control group (115 patients), which were treated for 3 days. Their clinical efficacies were compared to evaluate the clinical safety of Baoerkang san. The 167 patients with chronic persistent diarrhea in group If were divided into the high dose group (56 patients), the low dose group (55 patients) and the control group (56 patients), which were treated for 5 days. Their clinical efficacy were compared to evaluate the clinical safety of Baoerkang san. According to the results, the cure rate and the effective rate of acute diarrhea and chronic persistent diarrhea in the high dose group and the low dose group were significantly higher than that of the positive control group (P <0. 05, P < 0.01). In the treatment of spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing diarrhea with traditional Chinese medicines, the cure rate and the effective rate of acute diarrhea and chronic persistent diarrhea in the high dose group and the low dose group were significantly higher than that of the positive control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). During the test, all of the three groups did not suffer any adverse event, with no any abnormality in general physical indexes. In conclusion, Baoerkang san shows a significant efficacy in treating acute diarrhea and chronic persistent diarrhea (spleen-deficiency and dampness-obstructing) and safe clinical application.
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