1
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Budipramana K, Sangande F. Structural and molecular insights from dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR2 as a strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14534. [PMID: 38697951 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) are known as valid targets for cancer therapy. Overexpression of EGFR induces uncontrolled cell proliferation and VEGF expression triggering angiogenesis via VEGFR2 signaling. On the other hand, VEGF expression independent of EGFR signaling is already known as one of the mechanisms of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Therefore, drugs that act as dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR2 can be a solution to the problem of drug resistance and increase the effectiveness of therapy. In this review, we summarize the relationship between EGFR and VEGFR2 signal transduction in promoting cancer growth and how their kinase domain structures can affect the selectivity of an inhibitor as the basis for designing dual inhibitors. In addition, several recent studies on the development of dual EGFR and VEGFR2 inhibitors involving docking simulations were highlighted in this paper to provide some references such as pharmacophore features of inhibitors and key residues for further research, especially in computer-aided drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisyanti Budipramana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Frangky Sangande
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
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Gupta S, Kashyap M, Bansal Y, Bansal G. In silico insights into design of novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors: SMILES-based QSAR modelling, and docking studies on substituted benzo-fused heteronuclear derivatives. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2024; 35:265-284. [PMID: 38591137 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2332203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Eight QSAR models (M1-M8) were developed from a dataset of 118 benzo-fused heteronuclear derivatives targeting VEGFR-2 by Monte Carlo optimization method of CORALSEA 2023 software. Models were generated with hybrid optimal descriptors using both SMILES and Graphs with zero- and first-order Morgan extended connectivity index from a training set of 103 derivatives. All statistical parameters for model validation were within the prescribed limits, establishing the models to be robust and of excellent quality. Among all models, split-2 of M5 was the best-fit as reflected by r v a lidation 2 , Q v a lidation 2 and MAE . Mechanistic interpretation of this model assisted the identification of structural descriptors as promoters and hinderers for VEGFR-2 inhibition. These descriptors were utilized to design novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors (YS01-YS07) by bringing modifications in compound MS90 in the dataset. Docking of all designed compounds, MS90 and sorafenib with VEGFR-2 binding site revealed favourable binding interactions. Docking score of YS07 was higher than that of MS90 and sorafenib. Molecular dynamics simulation study revealed sustained interactions of YS07 with key amino acids of VEGFR-2 at a run time of 100 ns. This study concludes the development of a best fit QSAR model which can assist the design of new anticancer agents targeting VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - M Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Y Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - G Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Eissa IH, Yousef RG, Elkady H, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk AA, Husein DZ, Ibrahim IM, Radwan MM, Metwaly AM. A Theobromine Derivative with Anticancer Properties Targeting VEGFR-2: Semisynthesis, in silico and in vitro Studies. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300066. [PMID: 37803417 PMCID: PMC10558427 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A computer-assisted drug design (CADD) approach was utilized to design a new acetamido-N-(para-fluorophenyl)benzamide) derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloid, theobromine, (T-1-APFPB), following the pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The stability and reactivity of T-1-AFPB were assessed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Molecular docking assessments showed T-1-AFPB's potential to bind with and inhibit VEGFR-2. The precise binding of T-1-AFPB against VEGFR-2 with optimal energy was further confirmed through several molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, PLIP, MM-GBSA, and PCA studies. Then, T-1-AFPB (4-(2-(3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-1-yl)acetamido)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide) was semi-synthesized and the in vitro assays showed its potential to inhibit VEGFR-2 with an IC50 value of 69 nM (sorafenib's IC50 was 56 nM) and to inhibit the growth of HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.24±0.02 and 3.26±0.02 μM, respectively. Moreover, T-1-AFPB displayed very high selectivity indices against normal Vero cell lines. Furthermore, T-1-AFPB induced early (from 0.72 to 19.12) and late (from 0.13 to 6.37) apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines. In conclusion, the combined computational and experimental approaches demonstrated the efficacy and safety of T-1-APFPB providing it as a promising lead VEGFR-2 inhibitor for further development aiming at cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Reda G. Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O. Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Z. Husein
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharja72511Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products ResearchUniversity of MississippiMississippiMS 38677USA
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants DepartmentFaculty of Pharmacy (Boys)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research DepartmentGenetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)AlexandriaEgypt
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Azimian F, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Shahbazi Mojarrad J, Hemmati S, Dastmalchi S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of diaryl urea derivatives designed as potential anticarcinoma agents using de novo structure-based lead optimization approach. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112461. [PMID: 32663641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To develop inhibitors blocking VEGFR2 and the Raf/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway new compounds based on sorafenib were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Using de novo design method, a library of new ligands was generated and expanded. Considering in silico binding affinity towards VEGFR2, synthetic feasibility, and drug-likeness property, some of the designed ligands were selected for synthesis and screening for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against two cancer cell lines (HT-29 and A549). Four compounds (13a, 14a, 14l and 15b) exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity (with IC50 values of 13.27, 6.62, 12.74, 3.38 μM, respectively) against HT-29 cells compared to that of the positive reference drug sorafenib (IC50 = 17.28 μM). Notably, compound 15b demonstrated the highest activity, and in particular, it induced HT-29 apoptosis, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and influenced the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins. 15b compound can effectively block the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and inhibit VEGFR2 phosphorylation. Molecular docking revealed that 15b can bind well to the active site of VEGFR2 receptor. Collectively, 15b may be considered as a promising compound amenable for further investigation for the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Azimian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Shahbazi Mojarrad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a biological process finely tuned by a plethora of pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, among which vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Their biological activity is expressed through the interaction with three cognate receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGFR1, 2, and 3. VEGFR2 is the primary regulator of angiogenesis. Ligand-induced VEGFR2 dimerization and activation depend on direct ligand binding to extracellular domains 2 and 3 of receptor and in the establishment of interactions between proximal membrane domains. VEGFR2 domain 7 has been shown to play a crucial role in receptor dimerization and regulation, therefore, representing a convenient target for the allosteric modulation of VEGFR2 activity. The ability to prepare a functional VEGFR2D7 domain represents the starting point to the development of novel VEGFR2 binders acting as allosteric inhibitors of receptor activity. Here, we describe a robust and efficient procedure for the preparation in E. coli of the VEGFR2 domain 7. The protein was obtained with a good yield and was properly folded. It was investigated in a biochemical and structural study, providing information on its conformational arrangement and in solution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Stasi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 43 - 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luca D D'Andrea
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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De Ford C, Penchalaiah K, Kreft A, Humar M, Heydenreuter W, Kangani M, Sieber SA, Tietze LF, Merfort I. Bifunctional Duocarmycin Analogues as Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Kinases. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:16-26. [PMID: 30620194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional duocarmycin analogues are highly cytotoxic compounds that have been shown to be irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors. Interestingly, cells with low aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression are also sensitive to bifunctional duocarmycin analogues, suggesting the existence of another target. Through in silico approaches, including principal component analysis, structure-similarity search, and docking calculations, protein tyrosine kinases, and especially the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), were predicted as targets of bifunctional duocarmycin analogues. Biochemical validation was performed in vitro, confirming the in silico results. Structural optimization was performed to mainly target VEGFR-2, but not aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. The optimized bifunctional duocarmycin analogue was synthesized. In vitro assays revealed this bifunctional duocarmycin analogue as a strong inhibitor of VEGFR-2, with low residual aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity. Altogether, studies revealed bifunctional duocarmycin analogues as a new class of naturally derived compounds that express a very high cytotoxicity to cancer cells overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 as well as VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian De Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Albertstrasse 19a , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Kamala Penchalaiah
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alexander Kreft
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heydenreuter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Mehrnoush Kangani
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Lutz F Tietze
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , Georg-August University , Tammannstrasse 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) , Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg , Albertstrasse 19a , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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Xie B, Minh DDL. Alchemical Grid Dock (AlGDock) calculations in the D3R Grand Challenge 3 : Binding free energies between flexible ligands and rigid receptors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2019; 33:61-69. [PMID: 30084078 PMCID: PMC6363907 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We participated in Subchallenges 1 and 2 of the Drug Design Data Resource (D3R) Grand Challenge 3. To prepare our submissions, we performed molecular docking with UCSF DOCK 6 and binding potential of mean force (BPMF) calculations-free energy calculations between flexible ligands and rigid receptors-using our open-source software package Alchemical Grid Dock (AlGDock). For each system, submissions were based on the minimum BPMF calculated for a selected set of crystal structures. In Subchallenge 1, our workflow performed poorly. Possible reasons for the poor performance include the neglect of cooperative ligands and limited sampling of ligand binding poses. In Subchallenge 2, our workflow led to some of most highly correlated submissions (Pearson R = 0.5) for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. However, our results were poorly correlated for Janus Kinase 2 and Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14. Affinity prediction could potentially be improved by systematic selection of more diverse receptor configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA, Tel.: (312)567-3411,
| | - David D. L. Minh
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA, Tel.: (312)567-3411,
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El-Haddad AES, Saadeldeen AM, El-Emam SZ. Anti-angiogenic Activity of Major Phenolics in Tamarind Assessed with Molecular Docking Study on VEGF Kinase Proteins. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:502-509. [PMID: 31930840 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.502.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The waste products of the tamarind canning industry have been discarded; however, it has potential health benefits. Herein, the study was carried out HPLC profiling of phenolic constituents of Tamarindis indica pericarp and seeds. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity against HUH-7 cells was evaluated and assessed with molecular docking study on angiogenesis-related VEGF kinase proteins in addition to evaluating the level of released VEGF in treated HUH-7 cells by ELISA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Folin-ciocalteu and AlCl3 assays were used for quantification of total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) contents, respectively. Molecular docking study was done on VEGF kinase proteins. RESULTS TPC and TFC of pericarp and seeds were 0.35±0.02 g GAE g-1 DE and 0.12±0.009 g CE g-1 DE, 0.39±0.01 g GAE g-1 DE and 0.03±0.006 g CE g-1 DE, respectively. In pericarp, 8 phenolics were tentatively identified, where (+)-catechin was the major (27,386.04 μg g-1 DE) followed by gallic acid and naringenin (931.47, 500.42 μg g-1 DE) respectively. While in seeds, 11 phenolics were tentatively identified, where naringenin was the major (95,305.47 μg g-1 DE) followed by (+)-catechin and rutin (54,930.29, 15,361.66 μg g-1 DE) respectively. Aqueous and methanol seeds extracts exhibit cytotoxic effect with IC50 27.4±1.81 and 13.4±0.94 μg mL-1, respectively, it was more potent than aqueous and methanol pericarp extracts which had IC50 132±5.82 and 61.6±3.16 μg mL-1. The tested phenolics were fit on the active sites of VEGF kinase targets with varied degree of interactions. The cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activities were confirmed in light of phenolics docking interactions. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate for the first time that phenolics could inhibit angiogenesis via inhibiting kinase proteins, which could therefore be developed as antiangiogenic drugs.
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Sayin K, Karakaş D. Investigation of structural, electronic properties and docking calculations of some boron complexes with norfloxacin: A computational research. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 202:276-283. [PMID: 29800890 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations are performed over BF2R (1), B(NO)2R (2), B(CN)2R (3) and B(CH3)2R (4) [R: 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate]. Mentioned boron complex with fluorine atoms which is BF2R are optimized at HF/6-31+G(d), B3LYP/6-31+G(d) and M062X/6-31+G(d) level and the best level is determined by comparison of experimental and calculated results. The best calculation level is determined as M06-2X/6-31+G(d) level. The other complexes are optimized at this level. Structural properties, IR and NMR spectrum are examined in detail. Additionally, biological activities of mentioned complexes are investigated by some quantum chemical descriptors (EHOMO, ELUMO, I, A, EGAP, η, σ, χ, CP, ω, N, ΔNmax and S) and molecular docking analyses. The interaction energies for complex (1), (2), (3) and (4) are calculated as -480.1, -443.6, -433.6 and -402.1 kJ mol-1, respectively. As a result, it is found that boron complex with fluorine atoms (BF2R) is the best candidate for anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Sayin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Duran Karakaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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Xu L, Du J, Wan C, Zhang Y, Xie S, Li H, Yang H, Li F. Ultrasound molecular imaging of breast cancer in MCF-7 orthotopic mice using gold nanoshelled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocapsules: a novel dual-targeted ultrasound contrast agent. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1791-1807. [PMID: 29606871 PMCID: PMC5868579 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s153993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of nanoscale molecularly targeted ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) with high affinity and specificity is critical for ultrasound molecular imaging in the early detection of breast cancer. PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate ultrasound molecular imaging with dual-targeted gold nanoshelled poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) nanocapsules carrying vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and p53 antibodies (DNCs) in MCF-7 orthotopic mice model. METHODS DNCs were fabricated with an inner PLGA and outer gold nanoshell spherical structure. Its targeting capabilities were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry (FCM) in vitro. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEUS) with DNCs was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in vitro and in MCF-7 orthotopic mice model by two different systems. The biodistribution of NCs in mice was preliminary investigated. Differences were calculated by using analysis of variance. RESULTS DNCs showed a well-defined spherical morphology with an average diameter of 276.90±110.50 nm. In vitro, DNCs exhibited high target specificities (79.01±5.63% vs. 2.11±1.07%, P<0.01; 75.54±6.58% vs. 5.21±3.12%, P<0.01) in VEGFR2- and p53-positive cells compared with control cells. In vivo, CEUS displayed a significantly higher video intensity in two systems using DNCs in comparison with non-targeted PLGA@Au NCs and single-targeted NCs. Biodistribution studies revealed that more DNCs in breast cancer tissue could be detected in mice than in other NCs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION DNCs were demonstrated to be novel dual-targeted UCAs and may have potential applications in early non-invasive visualization of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wan
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Inducing therapeutic angiogenesis to effectively form hierarchical, non-leaky networks of perfused vessels in tissue engineering applications and ischemic disease remains an unmet challenge, despite extensive research and multiple clinical trials. Here, we use a previously-developed, multi-scale, computational systems pharmacology model of human peripheral artery disease to screen a diverse array of promising pro-angiogenic strategies, including gene therapy, biomaterials, and antibodies. Our previously-validated model explicitly accounts for VEGF immobilization, Neuropilin-1 binding, and weak activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) by the "VEGFxxxb" isoforms. First, we examine biomaterial-based delivery of VEGF engineered for increased affinity to the extracellular matrix. We show that these constructs maintain VEGF close to physiological levels and extend the duration of VEGFR2 activation. We demonstrate the importance of sub-saturating VEGF dosing to prevent angioma formation. Second, we examine the potential of ligand- or receptor-based gene therapy to normalize VEGF receptor signaling. Third, we explore the potential for antibody-based pro-angiogenic therapy. Our model supports recent observations that improvement in perfusion following treatment with anti-VEGF165b in mice is mediated by VEGF-receptor 1, not VEGFR2. Surprisingly, the model predicts that the approved anti-VEGF cancer drug, bevacizumab, may actually improve signaling of both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 via a novel 'antibody swapping' effect that we demonstrate here. Altogether, this model provides insight into the mechanisms of action of several classes of pro-angiogenic strategies within the context of the complex molecular and physiological processes occurring in vivo. We identify molecular signaling similarities between promising approaches and key differences between promising and ineffective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Clegg
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li Y, Huang W. Penduliflaworosin, a Diterpenoid from Croton crassifolius, Exerts Anti-Angiogenic Effect via VEGF Receptor-2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010126. [PMID: 28098802 PMCID: PMC6155893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has been considered as an important strategy for cancer therapy. Penduliflaworosin is a diterpenoid isolated from the plant Croton crassifolius. Our previous study showed that this diterpenoid possesses strong anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting vessel formation in zebrafish. This study was conducted to further investigate the anti-angiogenic activity and mechanism of penduliflaworosin. Results revealed that penduliflaworosin significantly inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis processes including proliferation, invasion, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, it notably inhibited VEGF-induced sprout formation of aortic rings and blocked VEGF-induced vessel formation in mice. Western blotting studies showed that penduliflaworosin inhibited phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor-2 and its downstream signaling mediators in HUVECs, suggesting that the anti-angiogenic activity was due to an interference with the VEGF/VEGF receptor-2 pathway. In addition, molecular docking simulation indicated that penduliflaworosin could form hydrogen bonds within the ATP-binding region of the VEGF receptor-2 kinase unit. Finally, cytotoxicity assay showed that penduliflaworosin possessed little toxicity toward both cancer and normal cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that penduliflaworosin exerts its anti-angiogenic effect via the VEGF receptor-2 signaling pathway. The anti-angiogenic property and low cytotoxicity of penduliflaworosin suggest that it may be useful in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyin Liang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Weihuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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13
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Rotunno M, McMaster ML, Boland J, Bass S, Zhang X, Burdett L, Hicks B, Ravichandran S, Luke BT, Yeager M, Fontaine L, Hyland PL, Goldstein AM, Chanock SJ, Caporaso NE, Tucker MA, Goldin LR. Whole exome sequencing in families at high risk for Hodgkin lymphoma: identification of a predisposing mutation in the KDR gene. Haematologica 2016; 101:853-60. [PMID: 27365461 PMCID: PMC5004465 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.135475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma shows strong familial aggregation but no major susceptibility genes have been identified to date. The goal of this study was to identify high-penetrance variants using whole exome sequencing in 17 Hodgkin lymphoma prone families with three or more affected cases or obligate carriers (69 individuals), followed by targeted sequencing in an additional 48 smaller HL families (80 individuals). Alignment and variant calling were performed using standard methods. Dominantly segregating, rare, coding or potentially functional variants were further prioritized based on predicted deleteriousness, conservation, and potential importance in lymphoid malignancy pathways. We selected 23 genes for targeted sequencing. Only the p.A1065T variant in KDR (kinase insert domain receptor) also known as VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) was replicated in two independent Hodgkin lymphoma families. KDR is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase, the main mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor induced proliferation, survival, and migration. Its activity is associated with several diseases including lymphoma. Functional experiments have shown that p.A1065T, located in the activation loop, can promote constitutive autophosphorylation on tyrosine in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor and that the kinase activity was abrogated after exposure to kinase inhibitors. A few other promising mutations were identified but appear to be "private". In conclusion, in the largest sequenced cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma families to date, we identified a causal mutation in the KDR gene. While independent validation is needed, this mutation may increase downstream tumor cell proliferation activity and might be a candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rotunno
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Boland
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bass
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian T Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paula L Hyland
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Abstract
Platelets contain an abundance of growth factors that mimic the composition of the wound healing milieu, and platelet-derived VEGF in particular can negatively influence wound healing if unregulated. Here, we sought to capture and regulate the activity of VEGF factor from human platelets using poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres. In this communication, we demonstrate that platelet freeze/thaw produced significantly higher levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) than either calcium chloride treatment, protease activated receptor 1 activating peptide (PAR1AP) treatment, or thrombin treatment. PEG microspheres containing a VEGF-binding peptide (VBP), derived from VEGFR2, sequestered VEGF from platelet concentrate, prepared via freeze/thaw, and reduced the bioactivity of platelet concentrate in HUVEC culture, which suggests that VBP microspheres sequestered and reduced the activity of VEGF from patient-derived platelets. Here, we demonstrate the ability of VEGF sequestering microspheres to regulate the activity of VEGF derived from a growth factor-rich autologous human blood product.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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15
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Kulwas A, Drela E, Jundziłł W, Góralczyk B, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Rość D. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic factors in diabetes complicated diabetic foot and without foot complications. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:686-90. [PMID: 25872462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data about angiogenic factors in diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) are insufficient. Therefore, in the present study we focus on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and two major angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in patients with DFS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 75 subjects: 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 controls. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups: 23 patients with diabetic foot and 22 patients without diabetic complications. The concentration of VEGF-A, soluble VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGF-R2) and FGF-2 were measured in plasma samples. The number of circulating EPCs was determined in peripheral venous blood. The number of endothelial progenitor cells was measured with FACSCalibur flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens specific for EPCs. RESULTS In our study we observed significant higher levels of VEGF-A and FGF-2 and lower sVEGF-R2 concentration in patients with T2DM compared to healthy subjects. The conducted analysis showed decreased levels of VEGF-A and elevated levels of FGF-2 in patients with DM complicated DFS compared to diabetic patients without DFS. Increased circulating EPCs number was reported in patients with DFS, and the difference was almost statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The high concentration of VEGF-A and FGF-2, and a positive correlation between them indicate their participation in the process of angiogenesis in T2DM. Decreased sVEGF-R2 may result from inactivation of VEGF-A during complexes formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Kulwas
- Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewelina Drela
- Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Jundziłł
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, University Hospital of A. Jurasz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Góralczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Danuta Rość
- Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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16
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Su P, Wang J, Shi Y, Pan X, Shao R, Zhang J. Discovery of biphenyl-aryl ureas as novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Part 4: exploration of diverse hinge-binding fragments. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3228-36. [PMID: 25982075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
VEGFR-2 plays an essential role in angiogenesis and is an important target for cancer therapy. A series of biphenyl-aryl ureas were synthesized and evaluated as novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The pyridine, methylamine carbonyl pyridine and pivaloyl amide pyridine were introduced as novel hinge binding fragment. The majority of title compounds displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibition. In particular, L1, L9, W14 and W15 exhibited significant enzymatic inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.36nM, 0.22nM, 0.15nM and 0.14nM. Compounds L1, L9 and W15 displayed potent antiproliferative activity against A549 and SMMC-7721 cells. SAR study suggested that incorporation of 3-trifluoromethyl and methylamine carbonyl on terminal pyridine could improve VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. Molecular docking illustrated that urea moiety formed two critical hydrogen bonds with the DFG residues of VEGFR-2. The results indicated that these biphenyl-aryl ureas could serve as promising lead compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Yaling Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Ruili Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China.
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17
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Saeed MEM, Kadioglu O, Seo EJ, Greten HJ, Brenk R, Efferth T. Quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking of artemisinin derivatives to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1929-1934. [PMID: 25862844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The antimalarial drug artemisinin has been shown to exert anticancer activity through anti-angiogenic effects. For further drug development, it may be useful to have derivatives with improved anti-angiogenic properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed molecular docking of 52 artemisinin derivatives to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2), and VEGFA ligand using Autodock4 and AutodockTools-1.5.7.rc1 using the Lamarckian genetic algorithm. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses of the compounds prepared by Corina Molecular Networks were performed using the Molecular Operating Environment MOE 2012.10. RESULTS A statistically significant inverse relationship was obtained between in silico binding energies to VEGFR1 and anti-angiogenic activity in vivo of a test-set of artemisinin derivatives (R=-0.843; p=0.035). This served as a control experiment to validate molecular docking predicting anti-angiogenc effects. Furthermore, 52 artemisinin derivatives were docked to VEGFR1 and in selected examples also to VEGFR2 and VEGFA. Higher binding affinities were calculated for receptors than for the ligand. The best binding affinities to VEGFR1 were found for an artemisinin dimer, 10-dihydroartemisinyl-2-propylpentanoate, and dihydroartemisinin α-hemisuccinate sodium salt. QSAR analyses revealed significant relationships between VEGFR1 binding energies and defined molecular descriptors of 35 artemisinins assigned to the training set (R=0.0848, p<0.0001) and 17 derivatives assigned to the test set (R=0.761, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Molecular docking and QSAR calculations can be used to identify novel artemisinin derivatives with anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry Johannes Greten
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Brenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Hoi PM, Li S, Vong CT, Tseng HHL, Kwan YW, Lee SMY. Recent advances in structure-based drug design and virtual screening of VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods 2014; 71:85-91. [PMID: 25239735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, developments in computational processing and X-ray crystallography have allowed virtual screening become integrated into drug discovery campaigns. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the drug discovery of VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR2 TKIs) by using in silico methodologies. An introduction for the methodology framework of pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and structure-based design are provided. We discuss the recent studies on the structures of VEGFR2 protein kinase in different binding modes, and the insights on molecular interactions gained from knowledge of the co-crystal structures complex with structurally diverse VEGFR2 inhibitors. We provide some aspects of model construction and molecular docking techniques. Several representative examples of successful applications on VEGFR2 virtual screening for hit discovery, lead optimization and structure-based design are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Shang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hisa Hui Ling Tseng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
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19
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Ahmadova Z, Yagublu V, Förg T, Hajiyeva Y, Jesenofsky R, Hafner M, Keese M. Fluorescent resonance energy transfer imaging of VEGFR dimerization. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:2123-2133. [PMID: 24778014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1/FLT1) and 2 (VEGFR2/KDR) involves receptor dimerization. Formation of VEGFR dimer has so far not been visualized in single intact cells. In the present study we describe different optical assays which can be used to observe dimerization of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) assays confirmed homo,- and heterodimerization of transfected receptors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques in living and fixed CHO-K1 cells allowed observation of VEGFR1 homodimer,- and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 heterodimer formation after ligand stimulation. After inhibition of ligand binding by the VEGFA JH121 antibody VEGFR1 homodimerization was completely abolished. Under the same conditions, cells transfected by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 maintained relevant receptor heterodimerization. These techniques to monitor VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 homo- and heterodimerization in living and fixed cells may help in the search for new angiogenesis-directed inhibitors of VEGFR dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhala Ahmadova
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Correctly predicting off-targets for a given molecular structure, which would have the ability to bind a large range of ligands, is both particularly difficult and important if they share no significant sequence or fold similarity with the respective molecular target ("distant off-targets"). A novel approach for identification of off-targets by direct superposition of protein binding pocket surfaces is presented and applied to a set of well-studied and highly relevant drug targets, including representative kinases and nuclear hormone receptors. The entire Protein Data Bank is searched for similar binding pockets and convincing distant off-target candidates were identified that share no significant sequence or fold similarity with the respective target structure. These putative target off-target pairs are further supported by the existence of compounds that bind strongly to both with high topological similarity, and in some cases, literature examples of individual compounds that bind to both. Also, our results clearly show that it is possible for binding pockets to exhibit a striking surface similarity, while the respective off-target shares neither significant sequence nor significant fold similarity with the respective molecular target ("distant off-target").
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roger S. Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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21
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Li H, Cao W, Chen Z, Acheampong DO, Jin H, Li D, Zhang J, Wang M. The antiangiogenic activity of a soluble fragment of the VEGFR extracellular domain. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:599-606. [PMID: 23906761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of pathological angiogenesis and vascular permeability and overexpressed by most solid tumors. VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2 or kinase-insert domain-containing receptor as it is called in human, KDR) is a specific receptor of VEGF with a high binding affinity. A solube recombinant extracellular domain 1-3 of human VEGFR-2 (rKDR1-3) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and purified from the bacterial periplasmic extracts by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography to inhibit the VEGF-induced angiogenesis. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was adopted to analyze the affinity and kinetics constant between rKDR1-3 and VEGF165. Under the given experimental conditions, the association rate constant Ka was 1.06×10(5)M(-1) S(-1), the dissociation rate Kd was 6.09×10(-3) S(-1), the dissociation constant KD was 5.74×10(-8)M. The effect of rKDR1-3 on VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation was studied using MTT assay, scratch-wound healing assay and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results showed that rKDR1-3 could inhibit neovascularization and serve as a useful drug candidate in research, diagnostics and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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22
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Wang Z, Wang N, Han S, Wang D, Mo S, Yu L, Huang H, Tsui K, Shen J, Chen J. Dietary compound isoliquiritigenin inhibits breast cancer neoangiogenesis via VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68566. [PMID: 23861918 PMCID: PMC3702614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for cancer initiation, development and metastasis. Identifying natural botanicals targeting angiogenesis has been paid much attention for drug discovery in recent years, with the advantage of increased safety. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a dietary chalcone-type flavonoid with various anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about the anti-angiogenic activity of isoliquiritigenin and its underlying mechanisms. Herein, we found that ISL significantly inhibited the VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at non-toxic concentration. A series of angiogenesis processes including tube formation, invasion and migration abilities of HUVECs were also interrupted by ISL in vitro. Furthermore, ISL suppressed sprout formation from VEGF-treated aortic rings in an ex-vivo model. Molecular mechanisms study demonstrated that ISL could significantly inhibit VEGF expression in breast cancer cells via promoting HIF-1α (Hypoxia inducible factor-1α) proteasome degradation and directly interacted with VEGFR-2 to block its kinase activity. In vivo studies further showed that ISL administration could inhibit breast cancer growth and neoangiogenesis accompanying with suppressed VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling, elevated apoptosis ratio and little toxicity effects. Molecular docking simulation indicated that ISL could stably form hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions within the ATP-binding region of VEGFR-2. Taken together, our study shed light on the potential application of ISL as a novel natural inhibitor for cancer angiogenesis via the VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway. Future studies of ISL for chemoprevention or chemosensitization against breast cancer are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shouwei Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suilin Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linzhong Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, South Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kamchuen Tsui
- The Hong Kong Associate of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Siepmann M, Fokong S, Mienkina M, Lederle W, Kiessling F, Gätjens J, Schmitz G. Phase shift variance imaging - a new technique for destructive microbubble imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2013; 60:909-923. [PMID: 23661125 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The detection of microbubble contrast agents with ultrasound imaging techniques is the subject of ongoing research. Commonly, the nonlinear response of the agent is employed for detection. The performance of these techniques is, however, affected by nonlinear sound propagation. As an alternative, the change in echo response resulting from microbubble destruction can be employed to detect the agent. In this work, we propose a novel criterion for microbubble destruction detection that allows the rejection of tissue at a defined significance level even for highly echogenic structures in the presence of nonlinear propagation. Most clinical systems provide the hardware requirements for acquisitions consisting of multiple pulses transmitted at the same position, as used in Doppler imaging. Therefore, we develop a processing strategy that distinguishes contrast agent from other stationary or moving structures using these sequences. The proposed criterion is based on the variance of the phase shift of consecutive echoes in the sequence, which, in addition to tissue rejection, permits the distinction of motion from agent disruption. Phantom experiments are conducted to show the validity of the criterion and demonstrate the performance of the new method for contrast detection. Each detection series consists of 20 identical pulses at 9.5 MHz (4.7 MPa peak negative pressure) transmitted at a pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz. The sequence is applied to phantoms under varied motion and flow conditions. As a first step toward molecular imaging, the technique is applied to microbubbles targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in vitro. The results show a uniform rejection of the background signal while maintaining a contrast enhancement by more than 40 dB. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve is used as the performance metric for the separation of contrast agent and tissue signals, and values larger than 97% demonstrate that an excellent separation was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Siepmann
- Department of Medical Engineering, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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24
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Kar RK, Suryadevara P, Sahoo BR, Sahoo GC, Dikhit MR, Das P. Exploring novel KDR inhibitors based on pharmaco-informatics methodology. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2013; 24:215-234. [PMID: 23437769 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2013.765912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Kinase-insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) is one of the important mediators of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) function in endothelial cells. Inhibition of KDR can be therapeutically advantageous for treatment of a number of diseases. The present study focuses on exploring novel KDR inhibitors by means of pharmaco-informatics methodologies. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis by atom-based pharmacophore mapping over a set of 85 molecules provides a proposition regarding the molecular fingerprint that can be optimized for designing more active inhibitors. The model was statistically validated with Q(2) = 0.865 for training and r(2) = 0.789, Pearson-r = 0.903 for test set molecules; r(2)(0.925) by external validation suggests model robustness and indicates it as a strong query for screening any compound library. Virtual screening shows the importance of active site and hinge region residue for interaction with KDR inhibitors. Remarkably the retrieved hits contain a urea backbone, implicating urea derivatives as promising candidate for designing KDR inhibitors. The hydrophobicity of active site, which has until now been overlooked, has been raised into the picture by this study. This can impact on KDR drug development. The study thus quantifies crucial structural requirements necessary for a favourable interaction with the receptor binding site while the cooperative pattern provides important structural clues to chemists for framing potent medicinal agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Vazgiourakis VM, Zervou MI, Eliopoulos E, Sharma S, Sidiropoulos P, Franek BS, Myrthianou E, Melissourgaki M, Niewold TB, Boumpas DT, Goulielmos GN. Implication of VEGFR2 in systemic lupus erythematosus: a combined genetic and structural biological approach. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31:97-102. [PMID: 23111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES VEGFR2 gene polymorphisms have already been correlated with vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and may influence endothelial integrity, repair and function. In view of the premature atherosclerosis observed in SLE, we sought to clarify the structural/functional consequences of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VEGFR2 in SLE and determine whether they are associated with risk of SLE by influencing endothelial cells. METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) homology modelling was applied for the localisation of the V297I and the Q472H polymorphisms. Genotyping of the V297I (rs2305948) and Q472H (rs1870377) SNPs was done through Taqman technology in 250 SLE patients and 241 healthy controls from a Greek population (Cretan). The replication sample set for the rs1870377 SNP consisted of 253, 184 and 77 patients with SLE and 301, 118 and 11 ethnically-matched controls of African-American, European-American and Hispanic-American origin, respectively. RESULTS Modelling revealed that the V297I polymorphism may affect the efficiency of trans-autophosphorylation and cell signalling, while Q472H affects homotypic contacts of membrane proximal Ig-like domains. No significant allelic and genotypic association was observed for both the SNPs with risk of SLE. CONCLUSIONS Although structural data suggest that both VEGFR2 SNPs may contribute to SLE pathogenesis by impairing VEGF signalling, none of the SNPs analysed was associated with increased susceptibility to SLE. However, they still may be relevant to the vascular damage/atherosclerosis in SLE.
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Miri R, Razzaghi-asl N, Mohammadi MK. QM study and conformational analysis of an isatin Schiff base as a potential cytotoxic agent. J Mol Model 2012; 19:727-35. [PMID: 23053004 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Isatin is an important compound from the biological aspect of view. It is an endogenous substance and moreover; various pharmacological activities have been reported for isatin and its derivatives. In-vitro cytotoxic effects of the prepared isatin Schiff bases toward HeLa, LS180 and Raji human cancer cell lines has been reported in our previous work. 3-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazono) indolin-2-one was found to be the most potent one among the studied compounds (IC(30) =12.2 and 21.8 μM in HeLa and LS-180 cell lines, respectively). Obtained biological data could be well interpreted using docking binding energies toward vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2); a key anticancer target being biologically investigated against various isatin derivatives. In the present work, quantum mechanical (QM) method including functional B3LYP in association with split valence basis set using polarization functions (Def2-SVP) was used to estimate individual ligand-residue interaction energies for the docked 3-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazono) indolin-2-one into VEGFR-2 active site. Results were further interpreted via calculated polarization effects induced by individual amino acids of the receptor active site. A fairly good correlation could be found between polarization effects and estimated binding energies (R(2) =0.7227). Conformational analysis revealed that 3-(2-(4-nitrophenyl) hydrazono) indolin-2-one might not necessarily interact with the VEGFR-2 active site in its minimum energy conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 3288-71345, Shiraz, Iran
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Prabhakaran J, Arango V, Majo VJ, Simpson NR, Kassir SA, Underwood MD, Polavarapu H, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Mann JJ, Kumar JSD. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of [18F](R)-FEPAQ: a potential PET ligand for VEGFR2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5104-7. [PMID: 22749281 PMCID: PMC4818572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of [(18)F](R)-N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-7-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)piperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine ((R)-[(18)F]FEPAQ or [(18)F]1), a potential imaging agent for the VEGFR2, using phosphor image autoradiography are described. Synthesis of 2, the desfluoroethyl precursor for (R)-FEPAQ was achieved from t-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (3) in five steps and in 50% yield. [(18)F]1 was synthesized by reaction of sodium salt of compound 2 with [(18)F]fluoroethyl tosylate in DMSO. The yield of [(18)F]1 was 20% (EOS based on [(18)F]F(-)) with >99% radiochemical purity and specific activity of 1-2 Ci/μmol (n=10). The total synthesis time was 75 min. The radiotracer selectively labeled VEGFR2 in slide-mounted sections of human brain and higher binding was found in surgically removed human glioblastoma sections as demonstrated by in vitro phosphor imager studies. These findings suggest [(18)F]1 may be a promising radiotracer for imaging VEGFR2 in brain using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prabhakaran
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
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Wu XY, Chen WH, Wu SG, Tian YX, Zhang JJ. Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as type II kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) inhibitors: CoMFA and CoMSIA studies. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2387-2404. [PMID: 22408460 PMCID: PMC3292029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) inhibitors have been proved to be very effective anticancer agents. Molecular docking, 3D-QSAR methods, CoMFA and CoMSIA were performed on pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as non-ATP competitive KDR inhibitors (type II). The bioactive conformation was explored by docking one potent compound 20 into the active site of KDR in its DFG-out inactive conformation. The constructed CoMFA and CoMSIA models produced statistically significant results with the cross-validated correlation coefficients q2 of 0.542 and 0.552, non-cross-validated correlation coefficients r2 of 0.912 and 0.955, and predicted correction coefficients r2pred of 0.913 and 0.897, respectively. These results ensure the CoMFA and CoMSIA models as a tool to guide the design of a series of new potent KDR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Wu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.-Y.W.); (W.-H.C.); (J.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-6278-9490 (X.-Y.W.); +86-20-6164-8589 (W.-H.C.); +86-20-6164-8548 (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.-Y.W.); (W.-H.C.); (J.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-6278-9490 (X.-Y.W.); +86-20-6164-8589 (W.-H.C.); +86-20-6164-8548 (J.-J.Z.)
| | | | | | - Jia-Jie Zhang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.-Y.W.); (W.-H.C.); (J.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-6278-9490 (X.-Y.W.); +86-20-6164-8589 (W.-H.C.); +86-20-6164-8548 (J.-J.Z.)
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West XZ, Meller N, Malinin NL, Deshmukh L, Meller J, Mahabeleshwar GH, Weber ME, Kerr BA, Vinogradova O, Byzova TV. Integrin β3 crosstalk with VEGFR accommodating tyrosine phosphorylation as a regulatory switch. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31071. [PMID: 22363548 PMCID: PMC3281915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate cell adhesion, migration, and survival by connecting intracellular machinery with the surrounding extracellular matrix. Previous studies demonstrated the importance of the interaction between β3 integrin and VEGF type 2 receptor (VEGFR2) in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Here we present in vitro evidence of the direct association between the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of β3 and VEGFR2. Specifically, the membrane-proximal motif around 801YLSI in VEGFR2 mediates its binding to non-phosphorylated β3CT, accommodating an α-helical turn in integrin bound conformation. We also show that Y747 phosphorylation of β3 enhances the above interaction. To demonstrate the importance of β3 phosphorylation in endothelial cell functions, we synthesized β3CT-mimicking Y747 phosphorylated and unphosphorylated membrane permeable peptides. We show that a peptide containing phospho-Y747 but not F747 significantly inhibits VEGF-induced signaling and angiogenesis. Moreover, phospho-Y747 peptide exhibits inhibitory effect only in WT but not in β3 integrin knock-out or β3 integrin knock-in cells expressing β3 with two tyrosines substituted for phenylalanines, demonstrating its specificity. Importantly, these peptides have no effect on fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling. Collectively these data provide novel mechanistic insights into phosphorylation dependent cross-talk between integrin and VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Z. West
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nahum Meller
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nikolay L. Malinin
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lalit Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia Meller
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ganapati H. Mahabeleshwar
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- University Hospitals Harrington-McLaughlin Heart & Vascular Institute and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Malory E. Weber
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OV); (TVB)
| | - Tatiana V. Byzova
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OV); (TVB)
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Vorlová S, Rocco G, Lefave CV, Jodelka FM, Hess K, Hastings ML, Henke E, Cartegni L. Induction of antagonistic soluble decoy receptor tyrosine kinases by intronic polyA activation. Mol Cell 2011; 43:927-39. [PMID: 21925381 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alternative intronic polyadenylation (IPA) can generate truncated protein isoforms with significantly altered functions. Here, we describe 31 dominant-negative, secreted variant isoforms of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are produced by activation of intronic poly(A) sites. We show that blocking U1-snRNP can activate IPA, indicating a larger role for U1-snRNP in RNA surveillance. Moreover, we report the development of an antisense-based method to effectively and specifically activate expression of individual soluble decoy RTKs (sdRTKs) to alter signaling, with potential therapeutic implications. In particular, a quantitative switch from signal transducing full-length vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2/KDR) to a dominant-negative sKDR results in a strong antiangiogenic effect both on directly targeted cells and on naive cells exposed to conditioned media, suggesting a role for this approach in interfering with angiogenic paracrine and autocrine loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vorlová
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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31
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Franklin MC, Navarro EC, Wang Y, Patel S, Singh P, Zhang Y, Persaud K, Bari A, Griffith H, Shen L, Balderes P, Kussie P. The structural basis for the function of two anti-VEGF receptor 2 antibodies. Structure 2011; 19:1097-107. [PMID: 21827946 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anti-VEGF receptor 2 antibody IMC-1121B is a promising antiangiogenic drug being tested for treatment of breast and gastric cancer. We have determined the structure of the 1121B Fab fragment in complex with domain 3 of VEGFR2, as well as the structure of a different neutralizing anti-VEGFR2 antibody, 6.64, also in complex with VEGFR2 domain 3. The two Fab fragments bind at opposite ends of VEGFR2 domain 3; 1121B directly blocks VEGF binding, whereas 6.64 may prevent receptor dimerization by perturbing the domain 3:domain 4 interface. Mutagenesis reveals that residues essential for VEGF, 1121B, and 6.64 binding are nonoverlapping among the three contact patches.
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32
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Goyal A, Pal N, Concannon M, Paul M, Doran M, Poluzzi C, Sekiguchi K, Whitelock JM, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin, the angiostatic module of perlecan, interacts with both the α2β1 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2): a dual receptor antagonism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25947-62. [PMID: 21596751 PMCID: PMC3138248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.243626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the C-terminal module of perlecan, negatively regulates angiogenesis counter to its proangiogenic parental molecule. Endorepellin (the C-terminal domain V of perlecan) binds the α2β1 integrin on endothelial cells and triggers a signaling cascade that leads to disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we show that both perlecan and endorepellin bind directly and with high affinity to both VEGF receptors 1 and 2, in a region that differs from VEGFA-binding site. In both human and porcine endothelial cells, this interaction evokes a physical down-regulation of both the α2β1 integrin and VEGFR2, with concurrent activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and downstream attenuation of VEGFA transcription. We demonstrate that endorepellin requires both the α2β1 integrin and VEGFR2 for its angiostatic activity. Endothelial cells that express α2β1 integrin but lack VEGFR2, do not respond to endorepellin treatment. Thus, we provide a new paradigm for the activity of an antiangiogenic protein and mechanistically explain the specificity of endorepellin for endothelial cells, the only cells that simultaneously express both receptors. We hypothesize that a mechanism such as dual receptor antagonism could operate for other angiostatic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goyal
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Nutan Pal
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Matthew Concannon
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Matthew Paul
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Mike Doran
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Chiara Poluzzi
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- the Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and
| | - John M. Whitelock
- the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas Neill
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Tvorogov D, Anisimov A, Zheng W, Leppänen VM, Tammela T, Laurinavicius S, Holnthoner W, Heloterä H, Holopainen T, Jeltsch M, Kalkkinen N, Lankinen H, Ojala PM, Alitalo K. Effective suppression of vascular network formation by combination of antibodies blocking VEGFR ligand binding and receptor dimerization. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:630-40. [PMID: 21130043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies that block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have become an integral part of antiangiogenic tumor therapy, and antibodies targeting other VEGFs and receptors (VEGFRs) are in clinical trials. Typically receptor-blocking antibodies are targeted to the VEGFR ligand-binding site. Here we describe a monoclonal antibody that inhibits VEGFR-3 homodimer and VEGFR-3/VEGFR-2 heterodimer formation, signal transduction, as well as ligand-induced migration and sprouting of microvascular endothelial cells. Importantly, we show that combined use of antibodies blocking ligand binding and receptor dimerization improves VEGFR inhibition and results in stronger inhibition of endothelial sprouting and vascular network formation in vivo. These results suggest that receptor dimerization inhibitors could be used to enhance antiangiogenic activity of antibodies blocking ligand binding in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Tvorogov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Kleiner RE, Dumelin CE, Tiu GC, Sakurai K, Liu DR. In vitro selection of a DNA-templated small-molecule library reveals a class of macrocyclic kinase inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11779-91. [PMID: 20681606 PMCID: PMC2924185 DOI: 10.1021/ja104903x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-templated organic synthesis enables the translation of DNA sequences into synthetic small-molecule libraries suitable for in vitro selection. Previously, we described the DNA-templated multistep synthesis of a 13,824-membered small-molecule macrocycle library. Here, we report the discovery of small molecules that modulate the activity of kinase enzymes through the in vitro selection of this DNA-templated small-molecule macrocycle library against 36 biomedically relevant protein targets. DNA encoding selection survivors was amplified by PCR and identified by ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing. Macrocycles corresponding to DNA sequences enriched upon selection against several protein kinases were synthesized on a multimilligram scale. In vitro assays revealed that these macrocycles inhibit (or activate) the kinases against which they were selected with IC(50) values as low as 680 nM. We characterized in depth a family of macrocycles enriched upon selection against Src kinase, and showed that inhibition was highly dependent on the identity of macrocycle building blocks as well as on backbone conformation. Two macrocycles in this family exhibited unusually strong Src inhibition selectivity even among kinases closely related to Src. One macrocycle was found to activate, rather than inhibit, its target kinase, VEGFR2. Taken together, these results establish the use of DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection to discover small molecules that modulate enzyme activities, and also reveal a new scaffold for selective ATP-competitive kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E. Kleiner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Christoph E. Dumelin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Gerald C. Tiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - David R. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Egert-Schmidt AM, Dreher J, Dunkel U, Kohfeld S, Preu L, Weber H, Ehlert JE, Mutschler B, Totzke F, Schächtele C, Kubbutat MHG, Baumann K, Kunick C. Identification of 2-anilino-9-methoxy-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-d][1]benzazepin-6-ones as dual PLK1/VEGF-R2 kinase inhibitor chemotypes by structure-based lead generation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2433-42. [PMID: 20170163 DOI: 10.1021/jm901388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop multikinase inhibitors with dual PLK1/VEGF-R2 inhibitory activity, the d-annulated 1-benzazepin-2-one scaffold present in the paullone family of kinase inhibitors was investigated as a general structure template suitable for anchoring annulated heterocycles at the hinge region of the ATP binding site. For this purpose, the indole substructure of the paullones was replaced by other nitrogen containing heteroaromatics. The designed scaffolds were synthesized and tested on the indicated kinases. The 2-anilino-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-d][1]benzazepin-6-ones were found to be VEGF-R2 inhibitors with selectivity against the insulin receptor kinase. The attachment of a methoxy group to the 9-position of the scaffold led to additional PLK1 inhibitory activity, which was explained by an alternative binding mode of the 9-methoxy derivatives. Selected members of the compound class inhibited the VEGF-R2 autophosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cell speroids, and the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Egert-Schmidt
- Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Liu C, Guo L, Yao C, Zhang R, Li Y. Expression and purification of human vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-receptor-2 tyrosine kinase in Streptomyces for inhibitor screening. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2008; 50:113-9. [PMID: 17824843 DOI: 10.1042/ba20070112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is a critical regulator in angiogenesis through binding to its specific receptors, including VEGFR-2 (VEGF receptor 2), a kinase insert domain-containing receptor, on the surface of endothelial cells. As angiogenesis has been shown to be essential for malignancy of tumours, VEGFR-2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. To explore this potential, VEGFR-2-CD (the protein tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of VEGFR-2) was cloned and expressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24, a prokaryotic expression system. The recombinant protein was purified, and correlations between its activity and enzyme concentration, ATP concentration, substrate concentration and bivalent cations were characterized. An ELISA-based screening system was then established and used to search for inhibitors acting on the tyrosine kinase part of VEGFR-2. More than 600 compounds originating from a variety of microbes have been screened so far, and a number of them have been demonstrated to be potential inhibitors of VEGFR-2 TK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tian Tan, 100050 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
AIM To compare the intravitreal binding activity of VEGF Trap with that of ranibizumab against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using a time-dependent and dose-dependent mathematical model. METHODS Intravitreal half-lives and relative equimolar VEGF-binding activities of VEGF Trap and ranibizumab were incorporated into a first-order decay model. Time-dependent VEGF Trap activities (relative to ranibizumab) for different initial doses (0.5, 1.15, 2 and 4 mg) were calculated and plotted. RESULTS Seventy-nine days after a single VEGF Trap (1.15 mg) injection, the intravitreal VEGF-binding activity would be comparable to ranibizumab at 30 days. After injection of 0.5, 2 and 4 mg VEGF Trap, the intravitreal VEGF-binding activities (comparable to ranibizumab at 30 days) would occur at 73, 83 and 87 days, respectively CONCLUSION On the basis of this mathematical model, VEGF Trap maintains significant intravitreal VEGF-binding activity for 10-12 weeks after a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Stewart
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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Potashman MH, Bready J, Coxon A, DeMelfi TM, DiPietro L, Doerr N, Elbaum D, Estrada J, Gallant P, Germain J, Gu Y, Harmange JC, Kaufman SA, Kendall R, Kim JL, Kumar GN, Long AM, Neervannan S, Patel VF, Polverino A, Rose P, Plas SVD, Whittington D, Zanon R, Zhao H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of orally active benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles as vascular endothelial growth factor-2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4351-73. [PMID: 17696416 DOI: 10.1021/jm070034i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway has become a valuable approach in the treatment of cancers. Guided by X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling, a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzoxazoles were identified as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (KDR) in both enzymatic and HUVEC cellular proliferation assays. In this report we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and benzoxazoles, culminating in the identification of benzoxazole 22 as a potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor displaying a good pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 22 demonstrated efficacy in both the murine matrigel model for vascular permeability (79% inhibition observed at 100 mg/kg) and the rat corneal angiogenesis model (ED(50) = 16.3 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele H Potashman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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39
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Hasegawa M, Nishigaki N, Washio Y, Kano K, Harris PA, Sato H, Mori I, West RI, Shibahara M, Toyoda H, Wang L, Nolte RT, Veal JM, Cheung M. Discovery of novel benzimidazoles as potent inhibitors of TIE-2 and VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase receptors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4453-70. [PMID: 17676829 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein disclose a novel chemical series of benzimidazole-ureas as inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and TIE-2 kinase receptors, both of which are implicated in angiogenesis. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies elucidated a critical role for the N1 nitrogen of both the benzimidazole (segment E) and urea (segment B) moieties. The SAR results were also supported by the X-ray crystallographic elucidation of the role of the N1 nitrogen and the urea moiety when the benzimidazole-urea compounds were bound to the VEGFR-2 enzyme. The left side phenyl ring (segment A) occupies the backpocket where a 3-hydrophobic substituent was favored for TIE-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaichi Hasegawa
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., 43 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan.
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40
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Ling Y, Yang Y, Lu N, You QD, Wang S, Gao Y, Chen Y, Guo QL. Endostar, a novel recombinant human endostatin, exerts antiangiogenic effect via blocking VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR/Flk-1 of endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:79-84. [PMID: 17644065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endostar, a novel recombinant human endostatin expressed and purified in Escherichia coli with an additional nine-amino acid sequence and forming another his-tag structure, was approved by the SFDA in 2005 for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. But its mechanism of action has not been illustrated before. In this study, we examined the antiangiogenic activities of endostar in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that endostar suppressed the VEGF-stimulated proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Endostar blocked microvessel sprouting from rat aortic rings in vitro. Moreover, it could inhibit the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and affect the growth of vessels in tumor. We further found the antiangiogenic effects of endostar were correlated with the VEGF-triggered signaling. Endostar suppressed the VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR/Flk-1(VEGFR-2) as well as the overall VEGFR-2 expression and the activation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and AKT in HUVECs. Collectively, these data indicated the relationship between endostar and VEGF signal pathways and provided a molecular basis for the antiangiogenic effects of endostar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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41
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Holmes K, Roberts OL, Thomas AM, Cross MJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: structure, function, intracellular signalling and therapeutic inhibition. Cell Signal 2007; 19:2003-12. [PMID: 17658244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate vascular development, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by binding to a number of receptors. VEGFR-1 is required for the recruitment of haematopoietic stem cells and the migration of monocytes and macrophages, VEGFR-2 regulates vascular endothelial function and VEGFR-3 regulates lymphatic endothelial cell function. Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in delineating the VEGFR-2 specific intracellular signalling cascades leading to proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability, each of which contributes to the angiogenic response. Furthermore, therapeutic inhibition of VEGFR-2 action is now having an impact in the clinic for the treatment of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Holmes
- North West Cancer Research Fund Institute, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK
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42
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Tian F, Zhu CH, Zhang XW, Xie X, Xin XL, Yi YH, Lin LP, Geng MY, Ding J. Philinopside E, a New Sulfated Saponin from Sea Cucumber, Blocks the Interaction between Kinase Insert Domain-Containing Receptor (KDR) and αvβ3 Integrin via Binding to the Extracellular Domain of KDR. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:545-52. [PMID: 17565003 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.036350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is essential for tumor angiogenesis and has long been recognized as a promising target for cancer therapy. Current view holds that physical interaction between alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) is important in regulating angiogenesis and tumor development. We have reported previously that a new marine-derived compound, philinopside E (PE), exhibited the antiangiogenic activity via inhibition on KDR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Herein, we have further demonstrated that PE specifically interacts with KDR extracellular domain, which is distinct from conventional small-molecule inhibitors targeting cytoplasmic kinase domain, to block its interaction with VEGF and the downstream signaling. We also noted that PE markedly suppresses alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-driven downstream signaling as a result of disturbance of the physical interaction between KDR and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in HMECs, followed by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton organization and decreased cell adhesion to vitronectin. All of these findings substantiate PE to be an unrecognized therapeutic class in tumor angiogenesis and, more importantly, help appeal the interest of the therapeutic potential in angiogenesis and cancer development via targeting integrin-KDR interaction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
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43
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Mac Gabhann F, Popel AS. Dimerization of VEGF receptors and implications for signal transduction: a computational study. Biophys Chem 2007; 128:125-39. [PMID: 17442480 PMCID: PMC2711879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent cytokine involved in the induction of neovascularization. Secreted as a cysteine-linked dimer, it has two binding sites at opposite poles through which it may bind VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), receptor tyrosine kinases found on the surface of endothelial and other cells. The binding of a VEGF molecule to two VEGFR molecules induces transphosphorylation of the intracellular domains of the receptors, leading to signal transduction. The dominant mechanism of receptor dimerization is not clear: the receptors may be present in an inactive pre-dimerized form, VEGF binding first to one of the receptors, the second receptor then ideally located for dimerization; or VEGF may bind receptor monomers on the cell surface, which then diffuse and bind to available unligated receptor monomers to complete the activation. Both processes take place and one or other may dominate on different cell types. We demonstrate the impact of dimerization mechanism on the binding of VEGF to the cell surface and on the formation of active signaling receptor complexes. We describe two methods to determine which process dominates, based on binding and phosphorylation assays. The presence of two VEGF receptor populations, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, can result in receptor heterodimer formation. Our simulations predict that heterodimers will comprise 10-50% of the active, signaling VEGF receptor complexes, and that heterodimers will form at the expense of homodimers of VEGFR1 when VEGFR2 populations are larger. These results have significant implications for VEGF signal transduction and interpretation of experimental studies. These results may be applicable to other ligand-receptor pairs, in particular PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Wissner A, Fraser HL, Ingalls CL, Dushin RG, Floyd MB, Cheung K, Nittoli T, Ravi MR, Tan X, Loganzo F. Dual irreversible kinase inhibitors: quinazoline-based inhibitors incorporating two independent reactive centers with each targeting different cysteine residues in the kinase domains of EGFR and VEGFR-2. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3635-48. [PMID: 17416531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-dimethylamino-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3,6-dioxo-cyclohexa-1,4-dienylamino)-7-ethoxy-quinazolin-6-yl]-amide derivatives were prepared. These compounds have two independent reactive centers and were designed to function as dual irreversible inhibitors of the kinase domains of both Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) where each reactive center targets a different, non-conserved, cysteine residue located in the ATP binding pocket of these enzymes. The compounds contain a 6-(4-(dimethylamino) crotonamide) Michael acceptor group that targets Cys-773 in EGFR and a 4-(amino-[1,4]benzoquinone) moiety that targets Cys-1045 in VEGFR-2. In vitro studies indicated that most of these compounds are relatively potent inhibitors of each enzyme. These inhibitors were compared with reference compounds that lack one or both of the reactive centers. The relative dependence of the IC(50) values on the concentration of ATP used in the assays suggests that these compounds appear to function as irreversible inhibitors of each kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Wissner
- Chemical and Screening Sciences and Oncology Research, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Yamaguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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46
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Ruch C, Skiniotis G, Steinmetz MO, Walz T, Ballmer-Hofer K. Structure of a VEGF–VEGF receptor complex determined by electron microscopy. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14:249-50. [PMID: 17293873 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases are activated upon ligand-induced dimerization. Here we show that the monomeric extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has a flexible structure. Binding of VEGF to membrane-distal immunoglobulin-like domains causes receptor dimerization and promotes further interaction between receptor monomers through the membrane-proximal immunoglobulin-like domain 7. By this mechanism, ligand-induced dimerization of VEGFR-2 can be communicated across the membrane, activating the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ruch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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47
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Cao H, Zhang H, Zheng X, Gao D. 3D QSAR studies on a series of potent and high selective inhibitors for three kinases of RTK family. J Mol Graph Model 2006; 26:236-45. [PMID: 17293140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For targets belonging to the same family of receptors, inhibitors often act at more than one biological target and produce a synergistic effect. Separate CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed from our data set for the KDR, cKit and Tie-2 inhibitors. These models showed excellent internal predictability and consistency, and validation using test-set compounds yielded a good predictive power for the pIC(50) value. The field contour maps (CoMFA and CoMSIA) corresponding to the KDR, cKit and Tie-2 kinase subtypes reflected the characteristic similarities and differences between these types. These maps provided valuable information to facilitate structural modifications of the inhibitor to increase selectivity for the KDR over cKit and Tie-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Cao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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48
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a major regulator for angiogenesis, binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). These receptors regulate physiological as well as pathological angiogenesis. VEGFR2 has strong tyrosine kinase activity, and transduces the major signals for angiogenesis. However, unlike other representative tyrosine kinase receptors which use the Ras pathway, VEGFR2 mostly uses the Phospholipase-Cgamma-Protein kinase-C pathway to activate MAP-kinase and DNA synthesis. VEGFR2 is a direct signal transducer for pathological angiogenesis including cancer and diabetic retinopathy, thus, VEGFR2 itself and the signaling appear to be critical targets for the suppression of these diseases. VEGFR1 plays dual role, a negative role in angiogenesis in the embryo most likely by trapping VEGF-A, and a positive role in adulthood in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. VEGFR1 is expressed not only in endothelial cells but also in macrophage-lineage cells, and promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation. Furthermore, a soluble form of VEGFR1 was found to be present at abnormally high levels in the serum of preeclampsia patients, and induces proteinurea and renal dysfunction. Therefore, VEGFR1 is also an important target in the treatment of human diseases. Recently, the VEGFR2-specific ligand VEGF-E (Orf-VEGF) was extensively characterized. Interestingly, the activation of VEGFR2 via VEGF-E in vivo results in a strong angiogenic response in mice with minor side effects such as inflammation compared with VEGF-A, suggesting VEGF-E to be a novel material for pro-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masabumi Shibuya
- Division of Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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49
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Peifer C, Krasowski A, Hämmerle N, Kohlbacher O, Dannhardt G, Totzke F, Schächtele C, Laufer S. Profile and Molecular Modeling of 3-(Indole-3-yl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5dione (1) as a Highly Selective VEGF-R2/3 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2006; 49:7549-53. [PMID: 17149885 DOI: 10.1021/jm0609871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on selectivity profiling of 1 in a panel of 20 protein kinases and molecular modeling indicating 1 to be highly active and selective for VEGF-R2/3. Sequence alignment analysis and detailed insights into the ATP binding pockets of targeted protein kinases from the panel result in a unique structural architecture of VEGF-R2 mainly caused by the hydrophobic pocket I, determining the molecular basis for activity and selectivity of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peifer
- Department of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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50
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Borzilleri RM, Bhide RS, Barrish JC, D'Arienzo CJ, Derbin GM, Fargnoli J, Hunt JT, Jeyaseelan R, Kamath A, Kukral DW, Marathe P, Mortillo S, Qian L, Tokarski JS, Wautlet BS, Zheng X, Lombardo LJ. Discovery and evaluation of N-cyclopropyl- 2,4-difluoro-5-((2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)thiazol-5- ylmethyl)amino)benzamide (BMS-605541), a selective and orally efficacious inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3766-9. [PMID: 16789733 DOI: 10.1021/jm060347y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substituted 3-((2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)thiazol-5-ylmethyl)amino)benzamides were identified as potent and selective inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) kinase activity. The enzyme kinetics associated with the VEGFR-2 inhibition of 14 (Ki=49+/-9 nM) confirmed that the aminothiazole-based analogues are competitive with ATP. Analogue 14 demonstrated excellent kinase selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic properties in multiple species, and robust in vivo efficacy in human lung and colon carcinoma xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Borzilleri
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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