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Marschalek R, Oyen F, Schneppenheim R, Roth L. Characterisation of the deletion breakpoints in two patients with severe haemophilia A, large deletions and inhibitors. Hamostaseologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1621627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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52
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Stofan ER, Elachi C, Lunine JI, Lorenz RD, Stiles B, Mitchell KL, Ostro S, Soderblom L, Wood C, Zebker H, Wall S, Janssen M, Kirk R, Lopes R, Paganelli F, Radebaugh J, Wye L, Anderson Y, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson WTK, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Paillou P, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Vetrella S, West R. The lakes of Titan. Nature 2007; 445:61-4. [PMID: 17203056 DOI: 10.1038/nature05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The surface of Saturn's haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70 degrees north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan's surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface 'liquid methane' table.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Stofan
- Proxemy Research, Rectortown, Virginia 20140, USA.
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53
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Gonthier B, Nasarre C, Roth L, Perraut M, Thomasset N, Roussel G, Aunis D, Bagnard D. [P250]: Functional interaction between matrix metalloproteinase‐3 and semaphorin‐3C during cortical axonal growth and guidance. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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54
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Gonthier B, Nasarre C, Roth L, Perraut M, Thomasset N, Roussel G, Aunis D, Bagnard D. Functional interaction between matrix metalloproteinase-3 and semaphorin-3C during cortical axonal growth and guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 17:1712-21. [PMID: 17021275 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhl082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the developing cortex, axons and dendrites extend progressively in response to environmental cues attracting or repelling growing processes. Recent evidence suggests the existence of a functional link between guidance molecules and metalloproteinases. Here, we analyzed the putative functional interaction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with guidance cues of the semaphorin family during growth and guidance of cortical axons. Our results demonstrate that the expression pattern and the proteolytic activity of MMP-3 are consistent with a role of this particular MMP during cortical axon outgrowth. We found that MMP-3 is required for an optimal axon extension and is involved in the Sema3C-dependent chemoattraction of cortical axons by modulating both the growth capacity and the orientation of growth. Interestingly, the inhibitory Sema3A decreased both the expression and activity of MMP-3. Taken together, our results reveal a molecular interaction between MMPs and semaphorins providing new insight into the molecular mechanism allowing axonal growth cone to respond to environmental guidance cues in the context of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gonthier
- INSERM U575, Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux, Centre de Neurochimie, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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55
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Elachi C, Wall S, Janssen M, Stofan E, Lopes R, Kirk R, Lorenz R, Lunine J, Paganelli F, Soderblom L, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H, Anderson Y, Ostro S, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Stiles B, Vetrella S, West R. Titan Radar Mapper observations from Cassini's T3 fly-by. Nature 2006; 441:709-13. [PMID: 16760968 DOI: 10.1038/nature04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by (denoted T3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of impact craters on the surface of Titan, networks of fluvial channels and surficial dark streaks that may be longitudinal dunes. Here we describe this great diversity of landforms. We conclude that much of the surface thus far imaged by radar of the haze-shrouded Titan is very young, with persistent geologic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elachi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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56
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Lorenz RD, Wall S, Radebaugh J, Boubin G, Reffet E, Janssen M, Stofan E, Lopes R, Kirk R, Elachi C, Lunine J, Mitchell K, Paganelli F, Soderblom L, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H, Anderson Y, Ostro S, Allison M, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Ori GG, Francescetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Muhleman D, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Stiles B, Vetrella S, Flamini E, West R. The Sand Seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR Observations of Longitudinal Dunes. Science 2006; 312:724-7. [PMID: 16675695 DOI: 10.1126/science.1123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show approximately 100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of approximately 0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lorenz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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57
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Shi D, Yu X, Roth L, Morizono H, Allewell NM, Tuchman M. Structures of a novel N-acetyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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58
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Elachi C, Wall S, Allison M, Anderson Y, Boehmer R, Callahan P, Encrenaz P, Flamini E, Franceschetti G, Gim Y, Hamilton G, Hensley S, Janssen M, Johnson W, Kelleher K, Kirk R, Lopes R, Lorenz R, Lunine J, Muhleman D, Ostro S, Paganelli F, Picardi G, Posa F, Roth L, Seu R, Shaffer S, Soderblom L, Stiles B, Stofan E, Vetrella S, West R, Wood C, Wye L, Zebker H. Cassini Radar Views the Surface of Titan. Science 2005; 308:970-4. [PMID: 15890871 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper imaged about 1% of Titan's surface at a resolution of approximately 0.5 kilometer, and larger areas of the globe in lower resolution modes. The images reveal a complex surface, with areas of low relief and a variety of geologic features suggestive of dome-like volcanic constructs, flows, and sinuous channels. The surface appears to be young, with few impact craters. Scattering and dielectric properties are consistent with porous ice or organics. Dark patches in the radar images show high brightness temperatures and high emissivity and are consistent with frozen hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elachi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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59
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Luckow B, Joergensen J, Chilla S, Li JP, Henger A, Kiss E, Wieczorek G, Roth L, Hartmann N, Hoffmann R, Kretzler M, Nelson PJ, Pérez de Lema G, Maier H, Wurst W, Balling R, Pfeffer K, Gröne HJ, Schlöndorff D, Zerwes HG. Reduced intragraft mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases Mmp3, Mmp12, Mmp13 and Adam8, and diminished transplant arteriosclerosis in Ccr5-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2004; 34:2568-78. [PMID: 15307189 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and human organ transplant studies suggest an important role for chemokine (C-C-motif) receptor-5 (CCR5) in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. Because early transplant damage can predispose allografts to chronic dysfunction, we sought to identify potential pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to allograft damage by using wild-type and Ccr5-deficient mice as recipients of fully MHC-mismatched heart and carotid-artery allografts. Gene expression in rejecting heart allografts was analyzed 2 and 6 days after transplantation using Affymetrix GeneChips. Microarray analysis led to identification of four metalloproteinase genes [matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)3, Mmp12, Mmp13 and a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (Adam)8] with significantly diminished intragraft mRNA expression in Ccr5-deficient mice at day 6. Accordingly, allografts from Ccr5-deficient mice showed less tissue remodeling and hence better preservation of the myocardial architecture compared with allografts from wild-type recipients. Moreover, survival of cardiac allografts was significantly increased in Ccr5-deficient mice. Carotid artery allografts from Ccr5-deficient recipients showed better tissue preservation, and significant reduction of neointima formation and CD3+ T cell infiltration. Ccr5 appears to play an important role in transplant-associated arteriosclerosis that may involve metalloproteinase-mediated vessel wall remodeling. We conclude that early tissue remodeling may be a critical feature in the predisposition of allografts to the development of chronic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Luckow
- Klinikum der Universität München, Medizinische Poliklinik--Innenstadt, München, Germany.
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60
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Abstract
Thirteen major depressive patients not responding to a 4-week venlafaxine 300 mg treatment were eligible for a 4-week open trial of lithium addition. Two patients had to stop lithium for a possible moderate serotonin syndrome and five patients became responders, including one dramatic response and two semi-rapid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bertschy
- Clinic of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University, 2 ch. du Petit Bel-Air, Chene-Bourg, 1225 Geneva, Switzerland.
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61
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Abstract
The authors present the results of the utilization of a pharmacokinetic prediction test for lithium posology. Based on a single point (plasma lithium determination 24 h after a single dose) such a test aims to adapt the posology as soon as the second day of treatment rather than after one week as clinicians must wait for a steady state to be achieved. Built on the previous work of Perry, the test targeted the plasma lithium level at 0.8 +/- 0.1 mmol l(-1). Thirty-one patients took part in the study. There were two drop-out cases and the results were available for 29 patients: among them, 51% had their plasma level in the targeted zone. Although there was no control group, the prediction test often allowed us to use a higher dose than the usual fixed dose whose amount is limited by the risk of overdosing for the slower metabolizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gervasoni
- Département de Psychiatrie, Clinique de Psychiatrie Adulte-Programme Dépression, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Domaine de Belle-Idée, 16-18, bd Saint-Georges, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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62
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Bolton SJ, Janssen M, Thorne R, Levin S, Klein M, Gulkis S, Bastian T, Sault R, Elachi C, Hofstadter M, Bunker A, Dulk G, Gudim E, Hamilton G, Johnson WTK, Leblanc Y, Liepack O, McLeod R, Roller J, Roth L, West R. Ultra-relativistic electrons in Jupiter's radiation belts. Nature 2002; 415:987-91. [PMID: 11875557 DOI: 10.1038/415987a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ground-based observations have shown that Jupiter is a two-component source of microwave radio emission: thermal atmospheric emission and synchrotron emission from energetic electrons spiralling in Jupiter's magnetic field. Later in situ measurements confirmed the existence of Jupiter's high-energy electron-radiation belts, with evidence for electrons at energies up to 20[?]MeV. Although most radiation belt models predict electrons at higher energies, adiabatic diffusion theory can account only for energies up to around 20[?]MeV. Unambiguous evidence for more energetic electrons is lacking. Here we report observations of 13.8[?]GHz synchrotron emission that confirm the presence of electrons with energies up to 50[?]MeV; the data were collected during the Cassini fly-by of Jupiter. These energetic electrons may be repeatedly accelerated through an interaction with plasma waves, which can transfer energy into the electrons. Preliminary comparison of our data with model results suggests that electrons with energies of less than 20[?]MeV are more numerous than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bolton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
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63
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Roth L. Transfusion medicine illustrated: collateral damage: brain tissue in bovine lung. Transfusion 2001; 41:1325. [PMID: 11724971 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41111325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Idexx Laboratories, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA.
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64
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Clinique de Psychiatrie Adulte, Belle-Idée, 2 ch. du Petit Bel-Air, 1225, Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland
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65
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Cooke J, Moens C, Roth L, Durbin L, Shiomi K, Brennan C, Kimmel C, Wilson S, Holder N. Eph signalling functions downstream of Val to regulate cell sorting and boundary formation in the caudal hindbrain. Development 2001; 128:571-80. [PMID: 11171340 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.4.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhombomeres are segmental units of the developing vertebrate hindbrain that underlie the reiterated organisation of cranial neural crest migration and neuronal differentiation. valentino (val), a zebrafish homologue of the mouse bzip transcription factor-encoding gene, kreisler, is required for segment boundary formation caudal to rhombomere 4 (r4). val is normally expressed in r5/6 and is required for cells to contribute to this region. In val(−) mutants, rX, a region one rhombomere in length and of mixed identity, lies between r4 and r7. While a number of genes involved in establishing rhombomeric identity are known, it is still largely unclear how segmental integrity is established and boundaries are formed. Members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, are candidates for functioning in rhombomere boundary formation. Indeed, expression of the receptor ephB4a coincides with val in r5/6, whilst ephrin-B2a, which encodes a ligand for EphB4a, is expressed in r4 and r7, complementary to the domain of val expression. Here we show that in val(−) embryos, ephB4a expression is downregulated and ephrin-B2a expression is upregulated between r4 and r7, indicating that Val is normally required to establish the mutually exclusive expression domains of these two genes. We show that juxtaposition of ephB4a-expressing cells and ephrin-B2a-expressing cells in the hindbrain leads to boundary formation. Loss of the normal spatial regulation of eph/ephrin expression in val mutants correlates not only with absence of boundaries but also with the inability of mutant cells to contribute to wild-type r5/6. Using a genetic mosaic approach, we show that spatially inappropriate Eph signalling underlies the repulsion of val(−) cells from r5/6. We propose that Val controls eph expression and that interactions between EphB4a and Ephrin-B2a mediate cell sorting and boundary formation in the segmenting caudal hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cooke
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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66
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Abstract
Mixed states are heterogeneous clinical entities difficult to define precisely. The stringent actual DSM IV criteria are unsatisfactory for current clinical use. Many frequently encountered mixed patients benefit without an accurate diagnosis from biological therapeutic interventions such as the introduction of mood stabilizers. We propose a brief review of the definition and characteristics of mixed states and propose a new approach to the typology of mixed states. Based on recent literature data, we add to the depressive and manic syndrome the concept of dysphoria as a third dimension. Integrating this three dimensional approach with recent factor analysis, we describe in addition to the DSM IV mixed state (type I) two new subtypes of mixed states (type IIM and IID). This new typology can give the clinician a more accurate understanding of the complex and polymorphous reality of mixed states and help him make more specific therapeutic interventions. These subtypes of mixed states will need validation through prospective clinical studies. Biological differences, differential outcome over time, and differential response to treatment will be important validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinic of Adult Psychiatry II, Geneva, Switzerland
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67
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Murphy MG, Burns WJ, Dwyer J, Roth L. Cognitive impact of depression on the WMS-R and MAS in the elderly. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/14.1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The results of general chemistry profiles of canine patients from Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, during 1993 were reviewed for low (<24) serum sodium:potassium (Na:K) ratios. Thirty-seven dogs had low Na:K ratios. The medical records for 34 these patients were available and sufficiently complete to identify conditions that were associated with low Na:K ratios. Of these 34 dogs, 8 (24%) had hypoadrenocorticism, and 14 had renal disease. Twenty-two of the 34 (65%) had Na:K ratios between 24 and 20. Of these 22 dogs, 9 (41%) had renal or urinary tract disease, and 2 (9%) had hypoadrenocorticism. Other diagnoses in this group included pancreatic disease (3), disseminated neoplasia (3), circulatory disturbance (2), pyometra (1), mushroom poisoning (1), and behavior problem (1). Eight of 34 dogs had Na:K ratios between 19.9 and 15. Of these 8 dogs, 4 (50%) had urinary tract disease, 2 had hypoadrenocorticism, 1 had pancreatic disease, and 1 had severe anemia and hypoproteinemia due to severe parasitism. All of the 4 dogs with Na:K ratios <15 had hypoadrenocorticism, and 1 of these 4 had concurrent renal failure. In all dogs, serum potassium concentration was above the laboratory's reference range, but sodium was below the laboratory's reference range in only 18 dogs (53%). Two of the 8 (25%) dogs with hypoadrenocorticism had serum sodium concentrations within the laboratory's reference range. In this population, low Na:K ratios were invariably associated with hyperkalemia but not always with hyponatremia. Although numerous conditions were associated with a low Na:K ratio, renal disease was the most common. Hypoadrenocorticism was present in only 13% of dogs with Na:K ratios between 24 and 15 but was present in all dogs with Na:K ratios <15.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Department of Pathology, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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69
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Zikes
- Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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70
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Hoge SK, Lidz CW, Eisenberg M, Monahan J, Bennett N, Gardner W, Mulvey EP, Roth L. Family, clinician, and patient perceptions of coercion in mental hospital admission. A comparative study. Int J Law Psychiatry 1998; 21:131-146. [PMID: 9612714 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-2527(98)00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Hoge
- University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville 22903-1789, USA
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71
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Silberman CS, Roth L, Segal DL, Burns WJ. Relationship between the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and Coolidge Axis II Inventory in chronically mentally ill older adults: a pilot study. J Clin Psychol 1997; 53:559-66. [PMID: 9316810 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199710)53:6<559::aid-jclp4>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between two self-report measures of personality disorders in older chronically mentally ill inpatients. A random sample of 30 chronically mentally ill (DSM-III-R schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, recurrent major depression) inpatients aged 55 and older completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) and the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI). The personality inventories were concurrently administered in counterbalanced fashion to assess concurrent validity of the CATI and MCMI in this older adult group. Data were submitted for correlational analysis. Median concurrent validity (raw score sums) between the CATI and MCMI-II for the 13 personality disorder scales was moderate (r = .55). Individual scale correlations ranged from -.13 for schizoid disorder to .88 for borderline disorder. Individual scale correlations were somewhat lower than previously reported values, but were above .54 for 7 of 13 disorders. Findings provide preliminary support for use of the CATI and MCMI with chronically mentally ill elders. Suggestions for future research are offered.
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72
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Abstract
Calculating the SP/AP ratio in electrocochleography requires the interpreting audiologist to unequivocally identify the peak of the SP wave form. If different points are selected, different SP/AP ratios will result. To investigate this effect, 50 electrocochleographic tracings were sent to 10 different audiologists (500 tracings). Twenty of the wave forms sent to each audiologist were identified as "easy," 10 as "somewhat difficult," 10 as "very difficult," and 10 as "no response." The ranges and standard deviations of the resulting SP/AP ratios were quite high. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences in the very difficult and no response group. There is significant interinterpreter difference among SP/AP ratios calculated from the same tracing. This variability affects clinical patient management and investigational projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Roland
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9035, USA
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73
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Suhayda L, Riley MA, Roth L, McDonough K, Sparico A, Clement L. Cancer screening in the community. Taking the show on the road. Cancer Pract 1997; 5:105-10. [PMID: 9110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors describe the efforts involved in improving cancer screening of an underserved population using a mobile clinic to bring these services to the community. The background, methods, results, and implications are discussed, as are the logistics of packing, scheduling, and providing follow-up. OVERVIEW Members of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Program developed a cancer screening program to serve the underserved communities in the Pittsburgh area. The African American Cancer Screening Program has presented the staff with significant challenges. The most significant of those challenges has been taking the most comprehensive screening program to the areas convenient to clients. Although coordinating staff, materials, and transportation was a challenge, the logistical problems involved were resolved, allowing for the opportunity to "take the show on the road". CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Because the mortality rate from some cancers is higher in black Americans, early cancer screening and detection is crucial in this population. The establishment of a mobile cancer screening clinic allows underserved communities access to these services. The physical screening, educational counseling, scheduling of mammographies and flexible sigmoidoscopies, and meticulous follow-up provided through the mobile clinic may lead to a greater awareness and reduced morbidity and mortality from cancer in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Suhayda
- American Cancer Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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74
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Hoge SK, Lidz CW, Eisenberg M, Gardner W, Monahan J, Mulvey E, Roth L, Bennett N. Perceptions of coercion in the admission of voluntary and involuntary psychiatric patients. Int J Law Psychiatry 1997; 20:167-181. [PMID: 9178060 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-2527(97)00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Hoge
- University of Virginia Schools of Law and Medicine, Charlottesville 22903, USA
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75
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Golden G, Golden C, Burns W, Roth L. The relationship between neuropsychological test performance in the chronic psychiatric elderly and their money management skills. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/12.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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76
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Schmalbrock P, Dailiana T, Chakeres DW, Oehler MC, Welling DB, Williams PM, Roth L. Submillimeter-resolution MR of the endolymphatic sac in healthy subjects and patients with Menière disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17:1707-16. [PMID: 8896627 PMCID: PMC8338306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of submillimeter resolution MR imaging for direct depiction of functional soft-tissue components of the intraosseous endolymphatic duct and sac in healthy subjects and in patients with Menière disease. METHODS Axial MR images were acquired of 14 patients with Menière disease and 14 healthy volunteers at 1.5 T with a short-echo-time steady-state 3-D gradient-echo sequence. Seven volunteers and eight patients were also studied with a T1-weighted 3-D spoiled gradient-echo sequence. T1/T2 relaxation times were estimated from studies with multiple flip angles. RESULTS Independent of the acquisition method, intraosseous endolymphatic ducts and sacs were seen unambiguously in the ears of 20 of 21 healthy subjects but in only four of 12 asymptomatic and two of 10 symptomatic ears of patients with Menière disease. Other labyrinthine structures were well depicted in all subjects. Furthermore, shorter relaxation times were measured for the contents of the vestibular aqueduct than for other labyrinthine structures. CONCLUSION In our high-resolution study, the intraosseous portions of the endolymphatic ducts and sacs were depicted in most of the healthy subjects. They were frequently not seen in either ear of patients with unilateral Menière disease, presumably because of their small size.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schmalbrock
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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77
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Carlan SJ, Gearity DE, O'Brien WF, Roth L. The effect of maternal blood contamination on amniotic fluid glucose and white blood cell count from preterm gestations. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87:185-7. [PMID: 8559520 DOI: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of maternal blood contamination on amniotic fluid (AF) glucose and white blood cell count (WBC). METHODS Amniotic fluid from 23 preterm, nondiabetic pregnant women was studied. Maternal blood was added to the AF at increasing concentrations, and glucose and WBCs were assessed. RESULTS The median AF glucose in the uncontaminated specimen was 43 mg/dL (range 11-86). Median glucose levels were unchanged by the addition of maternal blood until a mean +/- standard deviation AF red blood cell count of 63,000 +/- 22,000/mm3 was exceeded, at which time the median glucose level significantly increased to a median of 45 mg/dL (range 19-90). The ratio of observed to expected values of WBCs ranged from 0.12-1.8, regardless of the level of maternal blood contamination. CONCLUSION Glucose levels in preterm AF-containing maternal blood are accurate in all except the most heavily contaminated specimens. Accurate determination of the WBC in contaminated AF is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Carlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children and Women, Orlando, Florida, USA
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78
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Gage R, Burns J, Sellers AH, Roth L, Mittenberg W. Approaches to memory assessment in the chronic psychiatric elderly. Appl Neuropsychol 1995; 2:145-9. [PMID: 16318518 DOI: 10.1080/09084282.1995.9645352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to memory assessment generally fall into two categories: a) Evaluation of the integrity of specific cognitive processes, and b) Quantitative measurement of performance levels on global dimensions of behavior. The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) is an exemplar of both the process and global approaches, while the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) represents the global approach. Despite the popularity of both instruments little extant research, examining their convergent/divergent properties or their compatibility, exists. In the present study we replicated, on a mixed sample of normal and psychiatric elderly, a previous study's pattern of CVLT/WMS-R convergent and divergent findings. In addition, we found that both instruments are similar in their discrimination between normal and psychiatric elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gage
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
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79
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Abstract
1. Laminar profiles of the average evoked potentials and current-source-density analysis were used to study the input provided by the medial perforant path (PP) to the hippocampus in the urethan-anesthetized rat. 2. Stimulation of the PP activated an early latency sink in the middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare in CA1. The DG current sink was generated by excitatory synaptic currents activated by the PP on dentate granule cells. In the normal rat, the peak current sink in the DG was typically five times greater than that of CA1. However, the CA1 sink could be distinguished from the DG sink in several ways: 1) it peaked when the DG sink was subsiding; 2) it showed paired-pulse facilitation, whereas the DG sink did not; and 3) in rats in which the DG was lesioned by local colchicine injection, the DG sink was reduced much more than the CA1 sink. 3. The PP afferents to CA1 required a slightly higher stimulus threshold (> 100 microA) for activation than those projecting to the DG granule cells (< 30 microA). The onset latency of the early CA1 sink (2.5 +/- 0.2 ms, mean +/- SE) was also slightly longer than that of the DG sink (1.7 +/- 0.1 ms), suggesting that the axons of entorhinal layer III cells that project to CA1 have a slightly lower conduction velocity than the axons of the layer II cells that project to the DG. 4. The short-latency current sink activated by the PP in the distal dendritic layers of CA1 was likely provided by excitatory currents at the distal apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. The accompanying current source was mainly confined to stratum radiatum and appeared not to involve the cell body layer. Thus the electrotonic current spread may not be effective enough to depolarize the cell body or axon hillock. Contribution of interneurons to the above source-sink profile is possible, with the provision that these interneurons must have dendritic processes that span strata radiatum and lacunosum moleculare. 5. Extracellular field recordings provided no evidence that PP evoked a short-latency (< 9 ms) CA1-generated population spike, even with the use of micropipettes filled with mM bicuculline. Similarly, unit recordings in CA1 revealed only long-latency (9-17 ms) unit firing after PP stimulation, corresponding to a late, di/trisynaptic excitation of CA1 via the Schaffer collaterals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Leung
- Department of Physiology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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80
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of oral sulindac in preventing the recurrence of preterm labor. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients between 24-34 weeks' gestation with preterm labor treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate. After successful tocolysis, patients were randomized by the pharmacy to receive either oral sulindac (200 mg) or placebo (once orally every 12 hours) for 7 days. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were enrolled (34 in the sulindac group, 35 controls). No significant differences were found with respect to time gained in utero (40 +/- 4.4 versus 31 +/- 3.4 days, P = .1), delivery at more than 35 weeks' gestation (20 versus 18, P = .70), recurrent preterm labor (11 versus 13, P = .88), birth weight (2528 +/- 646 versus 2459 +/- 707 g, P = .68), or time spent in the neonatal intensive care unit (4.2 +/- 12.9 versus 5.7 +/- 13.5 days, P = .63) for the sulindac and control groups, respectively. However, in women who failed therapy (ie, those who delivered before 37 weeks' gestation or required readmission for tocolysis), there was a significantly longer interval between the start of therapy and failure in the sulindac group (25.9 +/- 3.4 days, n = 26) than in the control group (15.2 +/- 2.8 days, n = 25; P < .05). CONCLUSION The use of oral sulindac for 1 week after successful parenteral tocolysis failed to reduce the overall rate of preterm birth. In women who delivered prematurely or required readmission for tocolysis, oral sulindac significantly prolonged the interval from the start of therapy until delivery or readmission. Moreover, this benefit was achieved without observable adverse effects on the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Carlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children and Women, Orlando, Florida, USA
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81
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Abstract
Liver biopsies help define the disease process and can assist the clinician in forming a prognosis. The small size of liver biopsy specimens and limited responses of the liver to a wide spectrum of injuries often do not allow for a specific etiologic diagnosis. Determination of the distribution and morphology of the lesion often provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information. Maximum value can be attained from liver biopsies when the histologic findings are correlated with the results of other diagnostic tests and there is good communication between the clinician and pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Clinical Laboratory, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital (LR), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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82
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Moreau RA, Powell MJ, Osman SF, Whitaker BD, Fett WF, Roth L, O'Brien DJ. Analysis of intact hopanoids and other lipids from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1995; 224:293-301. [PMID: 7710085 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hopanoids and other lipids were extracted from Zymomonas mobilis and quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Previous methods for hopanoid analysis required derivatization of the hopanoids via periodate oxidation or acetylation. The current method employs a normal-phase silica gel column, a ternary gradient of hexane-isopropanol-water-triethylamine, and detection with a flame ionization detector. Three major hopanoid classes were separated and quantified by this new method, and together they comprised 30 to 40% of the total lipid in these cells. Mass spectrometry confirmed that chemical structures of these hopanoids were consistent with those previously proposed. In addition, several other common lipid classes (free fatty acids and six classes of common phospholipids), comprising the remaining 60 to 70% of the total lipids, were also separated and quantified. This new chromatographic method represents the first technique for the analysis and purification of intact hopanoids. This method should be useful for the analysis and purification of hopanoids from other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Moreau
- Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118
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83
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Amador D, Pedraza A, Gandara J, Burns W, Kabacoff R, Roth L. Accuracy of the classification of patients with dementia versus memory loss-without-dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/10.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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84
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Kimberley BP, Kimberley BM, Roth L. A neural network approach to the prediction of pure tone thresholds with distortion product emissions. Ear Nose Throat J 1994; 73:812-3, 817-23. [PMID: 7828474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Distortion Product Emission (DPE) growth functions, demographic data, and pure tone thresholds were recorded in 229 normal-hearing and hearing-impaired ears. Half of the data set (115 ears) was used to train a set of neural networks to map DPE and demographic features to pure tone thresholds at six frequencies in the audiometric range. The six networks developed from this training process were then used to predict pure tone thresholds in the remaining 114-ear data set. When normal pure tone threshold was defined as a threshold less than 20 dB HL, frequency-specific prediction accuracy varied from 57% (correct classification of hearing impairment at 1025 Hz) to 100% (correct classification of hearing impairment at 2050 Hz). Overall prediction accuracy was 90% for impaired pure tone thresholds and 80% for normal pure tone thresholds. This neural network approach was found to be more accurate than discriminant analysis in the prediction of pure tone thresholds. It is concluded that a general strategy exists whereby DPE measures can accurately categorize pure tone thresholds as normal or impaired in large populations of ears with purely cochlear hearing dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Kimberley
- Hearing Research Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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85
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Boyer DB, Roth L. Fracture resistance of teeth with bonded amalgams. Am J Dent 1994; 7:91-4. [PMID: 8054193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breaking strength of the cusps of molars with MOD amalgam and composite restorations was measured with an Instron. Bonding of the amalgam and composite restorations with adhesives increased the resistance of the cusps to fracture, however, the cusp strength was not returned to that of intact, unprepared teeth. The relative effectiveness of the bonding agents with amalgam was C&B Metabond > Amalgambond > Panavia EX. Reinforcement by amalgam bonding was similar to or less than reinforcement with the composite restorations depending on the adhesive used.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Boyer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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86
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87
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Abstract
Methylphenidate hydrochloride, when administered as a single 75 to 100 mg/kg i.p. dose, was found to produce hepatic necrosis in male ICR mice. Peak hepatotoxicity, as measured by serum ALT elevations, occurred 16 hours post-treatment while maximal histopathological evidence of hepatotoxicity occurred 24-48 hours after the methylphenidate dose. Liver injury measured by either method was essentially nonexistent for dosages < or = 50 mg/kg in male mice, and was only minimally evident in female mice at the highest dosage testable. Co-treatment of mice with either alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenergic agonist drugs had no meaningful effect on methylphenidate-induced hepatotoxicity. In contrast, the beta-adrenergic agonist drug isoproterenol produced a striking potentiation of the liver injury, and shifted the apparent threshold for toxicity approximately 5- to 10-fold. Co-administration of methylphenidate with the mixed alpha/beta-adrenergic agonist dobutamine or with the beta 2-selective agonists metaproterenol, ritodrine or terbutaline produced a similar potentiation of toxicity. Parallel tests with beta-adrenergic antagonists revealed that the potentiation by isoproterenol could be significantly diminished by a single dose of the non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug nadolol or the beta 2-selective antagonist ICI-118,551, but not the beta 1-selective antagonist metoprolol. Collectively, these observations suggest that potentiation of methylphenidate hepatotoxicity occurs through stimulation of beta 2-adrenoreceptors. Mice co-treated with isoproterenol were found to have substantially higher serum and liver methylphenidate levels following the methylphenidate dose, and significant increases were also observed in the area-under-the-curve (AUC) for methylphenidate in both tissues of isoproterenol co-treated mice. The results of this study suggest that beta 2-adrenergic agonist drugs are capable of potentiating methylphenidate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by increasing hepatic methylphenidate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Alachua 32615
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88
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Roth L, Brown L, Brum S, Foster L, Nelson M, Reczeck D, von Schantz D. Comparison of three diagnostic tests for Dirofilaria immitis in a low-incidence area. J Vet Diagn Invest 1993; 5:647-8. [PMID: 8286476 DOI: 10.1177/104063879300500431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Department of Pathology, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, MA 02130
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89
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Abstract
A disease syndrome similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome of people is described in three dogs with acute renal failure. In each dog, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis preceded the onset of anuric acute renal failure. Evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schizocytes, thrombocytopenia, and increased concentrations of fibrin split products) was present in the three dogs. Serum chemistry results showed increased concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus. Ultrasound examination performed in one dog revealed increased echogenicity of the renal cortices. Treatment for anuric acute renal failure using a continuous dopamine and furosemide infusion established urine production in one of three dogs. Microscopic examination of tissue from the two dogs that underwent necropsy showed occlusion of the renal vasculature by fibrin thrombi consistent with microangiopathic arteriolar thrombosis. The pathophysiology and current knowledge of human hemolytic uremic syndrome is compared with hemolytic uremic syndrome in these dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holloway
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0145
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90
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Abstract
A 14-year-old Arabian gelding was examined for colic. An exploratory celiotomy was subsequently performed and the left lobe of the liver was found to be twisted. The lobe was resected using a TA-90 surgical stapling instrument. Histologic examination of the resected liver indicated portal vein and sinusoid dilation and congestion with blood. There were focal areas of necrosis and bacterial cocci and rods throughout the section. The histologic findings were consistent with hepatic lobe torsion. After surgery, the horse was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, heparin, and intravenous fluids. The horse recovered without complications, although serum liver enzymes remained elevated for more than 1 week after surgery. Seven months after surgery the horse showed no adverse affects from the disease.
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91
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Hoge SK, Lidz C, Mulvey E, Roth L, Bennett N, Siminoff L, Arnold R, Monahan J. Patient, family, and staff perceptions of coercion in mental hospital admission: an exploratory study. Behav Sci Law 1993; 11:281-293. [PMID: 10150231 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2370110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the coercive pressures brought to bear on psychiatric patients in the hospitalization process. Significant methodological hurdles stand in the way of this research. Most notably, reliable and valid methods of ascertaining and quantifying perceptions of coercion have not been developed. This report summarizes the findings of an exploratory study designed to gather data needed to refine the conceptualization and measurement of coercion. Multiple perspectives on admission incidents for forty-three patients (26% of whom were involuntarily hospitalized) were obtained. Patients were administered research interviews and completed a self-administered inventory shortly after the admission decision. The admitting clinician and a family member involved in the admission were administered parallel interviews. In addition, focus groups comprised of outpatients, former patients, family members, and clinical staff were conducted to uncover the terminology and description of coercion commonly used. The implications of these preliminary quantitative and qualitative findings for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hoge
- University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville 22901, USA
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92
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Arroyo JF, Roth L, Gauthey L, Gisselbaek A. [From hospital geriatrician to practitioner: collaboration and complementary aspects. Results of a survey among practitioners in the Geneva canton]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1992; 112:993-6. [PMID: 1462093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Arroyo
- Institutions universitaires de gériatrie de Genève
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93
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Abstract
The use of a cholecystostomy catheter for temporary bile diversion was investigated in four cats with experimentally induced extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Eighteen days after ligation of the common bile duct, a 6.5 F accordion catheter was placed in the gallbladder with a 22 g Hawkins needle-guide system through a paracostal incision. Biochemical parameters and fasting serum bile acids were monitored for 16 days. There were significant decreases in mean total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and fasting serum bile acids within 72 hours of bile diversion, and in mean alanine aminotransferase within 96 hours. Attitude and appetite improved, and the catheter was tolerated well. Positive bile cultures developed in three cats. Histologic changes in the gallbladder included mucosal ulcerations, a mixed inflammatory cellular infiltration, and fibrosis of the submucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lawrence
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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94
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Abstract
Cocaethylene is a novel metabolite of cocaine formed in the presence of ethanol. When administered to ICR male mice in dosages ranging from 10 to 50 mg/kg, i.p., cocaethylene was found to produce dose-dependent hepatic necrosis in the midlobular zone (zone 2). Severity of the lesion was maximal 12-24 hr after administration. A transient but significant decrease in hepatic glutathione content was observed 1 hr after cocaethylene administration. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitors cimetidine (200 mg/kg, i.p., in divided doses) or SKF 525A (50 mg/kg, i.p.) diminished toxicity. Pretreatment of mice with the esterase inhibitor diazinon (10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased cocaethylene hepatotoxicity, as did pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inducing agents phenobarbital (80 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 3 days) or beta-naphthoflavone (40 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 3 days). Phenobarbital pretreatment also caused a shift in the morphologic site of necrosis from midzonal to peripheral lobular (zone 1) regions. The type of hepatic lesion produced by cocaethylene, its morphologic distribution (including the shift with phenobarbital treatment), the potency of cocaethylene in producing this effect, and the apparent requirement of oxidative metabolism for hepatoxicity were all remarkably similar to observations with its parent compound, cocaine, in this and earlier studies. This suggests that these compounds produce liver toxicity through the same or similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32615-9495
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95
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Abstract
Cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in human beings and is well documented in mice. One interesting feature of this toxicity that appears to be common to both species is an apparent shift in the intraacinar site of necrosis under circumstances known to alter cocaine metabolism. However, the evidence in human subjects is limited, and studies elucidating the mechanism of this phenomenon cannot be performed in human beings. Although future studies in mice may define the basis of this mechanism, the current evidence is a somewhat fragmented composite of studies using different mouse strains and enzyme-inducing agents. Therefore a comprehensive pathologic investigation was initiated for the purpose of identifying and establishing an animal model suitable for studying this phenomenon. In naive ICR mice a single 60 mg/kg dose of cocaine was found to produce midzonal (zone 2) coagulative necrosis. In mice whose oxidative metabolism had been increased with beta-ionone or in which esterase metabolism had been inhibited by diazinon, the severity of the toxicity was increased but the intraacinar origin of the lesion did not change. However, when the oxidative microsomal metabolism of ICR mice was induced by phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone, the acinar zone affected was dramatically different. Phenobarbital induction produced zone 1 necrosis, whereas beta-napthoflavone induction caused necrosis in zone 3. The site of necrosis corresponded with the distribution of cocaine, and its metabolites were identified with colloidal gold-conjugated antibody probes. The results of this study suggest that the agents shifting the location of cocaine-induced hepatic necrosis alter the intraacinar site of protein binding of cocaine and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Department of Comparative & Experimental Pathology, J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, Gainesville, Florida
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96
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Abstract
From the Nova University Geriatric Institute, for 30 outpatients ranging in age from 55 to 80 years old, significant moderate Pearson correlations (.40 to .54) obtained between the raw scores of the Revised Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration standardized for children ages 2 1/2 years through 19 years and the WAIS-R subscale IQs. Further, scores on the Recall administration of the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test were significantly correlated with the performance on Beery's developmental test. Also, scores on Beery's test were correlated with estimates of adaptive functioning made by the staff for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ferere
- Center for Psychological Studies, Nova University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314
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97
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Burns W, Marston D, Roth L. Measure of dementia among elderly psychiatric patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1992. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/7.4.317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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98
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Abstract
A pulmonary hamartoma was found in a 5 weeks over term Jersey Holstein cross bull calf. A 36 x 22 x 22 cm, spongy, pale pink mass with a distinct lobulated pattern was continuous with the left caudal lung lobe and compromised other thoracic viscera. The mass was non-cystic and uniformly consisted of soft, pink tissue. Histologically, the mass consisted of a disproportionate number of bronchiolar and alveolar structures, arranged in a haphazard pattern. Ascites, localized subcutaneous oedema, and chronic passive congestion of the liver were additional findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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99
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Abstract
Livers from 128 captive woodchucks (Marmota monax) that were negative for serological markers of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were examined grossly and histologically. Livers from 19 additional seronegative woodchucks were examined only grossly. The most common finding (61% of histological specimens) was mononuclear cells in portal areas. Moderate to severe portal infiltrates in association with similar scattered mononuclear cell aggregates and extramedullary hematopoiesis, were present in woodchucks that had extrahepatic inflammatory lesions. We concluded that these changes represent a response to a variety of chronic infections and are not specific for WHV infection. Other findings included parasitic granulomas, focal and diffuse lipidosis, bile duct proliferation, lesions secondary to cardiovascular compromise, and vasculitis. Two woodchucks had neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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100
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Abstract
Sixty fatal cases of traumatic reticulitis in cattle were reviewed. Fifty-nine cases were caused by fragments of wire. A nail perforated the reticulum of 1 animal. Common clinical signs included decreased milk production, anorexia, fever, and weight loss. Abnormal or muffled heart sounds associated with pericarditis and epicarditis was the most common sequela, occurring in 40 cases. Fibrous adhesions found at necropsy in all cases suggest that initial clinical signs are difficult to recognize and in most cases it takes weeks to months for abnormalities to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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