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Sharp SA, Jones SE, Kimmitt RA, Weedon MN, Halpin AM, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, King S, van Heel DA, Campbell PM, Hagopian WA, Turner JM, Oram RA. A single nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score to aid diagnosis of coeliac disease: a pilot study in clinical care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1165-1173. [PMID: 32790217 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic risk scores (GRS) model genetic risk as a continuum and can discriminate coeliac disease but have not been validated in clinic. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ gene testing is available in clinic but does not include non-HLA attributed risk and is limited by discrete risk stratification. AIMS To accurately characterise both HLA and non-HLA coeliac disease genetic risk as a single nucleotide polymorphism-based GRS and evaluate diagnostic utility. METHODS We developed a 42 single nucleotide polymorphism coeliac disease GRS from a European case-control study (12 041 cases vs 12 228 controls) using HLA-DQ imputation and published genome-wide association studies. We validated the GRS in UK Biobank (1237 cases) and developed direct genotyping assays. We tested the coeliac disease GRS in a pilot clinical cohort of 128 children presenting with suspected coeliac disease. RESULTS The GRS was more discriminative of coeliac disease than HLA-DQ stratification in UK Biobank (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [ROC-AUC] = 0.88 [95% CIs: 0.87-0.89] vs 0.82 [95% CIs: 0.80-0.83]). We demonstrated similar discrimination in the pilot clinical cohort (114 cases vs 40 controls, ROC-AUC = 0.84 [95% CIs: 0.76-0.91]). As a rule-out test, no children with coeliac disease in the clinical cohort had a GRS below 38th population centile. CONCLUSIONS A single nucleotide polymorphism-based GRS may offer more effective and cost-efficient testing of coeliac disease genetic risk in comparison to HLA-DQ stratification. As a comparatively inexpensive test it could facilitate non-invasive coeliac disease diagnosis but needs detailed assessment in the context of other diagnostic tests and against current diagnostic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anne M Halpin
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Seema King
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia M Campbell
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Justine M Turner
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Royal Devon & Exeter, NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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52
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Tuke M, Tyrrell J, Ruth KS, Beaumont RN, Wood AR, Murray A, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Wright CF. Large Copy-Number Variants in UK Biobank Caused by Clonal Hematopoiesis May Confound Penetrance Estimates. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:325-329. [PMID: 32574563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large copy-number variants (CNVs) are strongly associated with both developmental delay and cancer, but the type of disease depends strongly on when and where the mutation occurred, i.e., germline versus somatic. We used microarray data from UK Biobank to investigate the prevalence and penetrance of large autosomal CNVs and chromosomal aneuploidies using a standard CNV detection algorithm not designed for detecting mosaic variants. We found 160 individuals that carry >10 Mb copy number changes, including 56 with whole chromosome aneuploidies. Nineteen (12%) individuals had a diagnosis of Down syndrome or other developmental disorder, while 84 (52.5%) individuals had a diagnosis of hematological malignancies or chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Notably, there was no evidence of mosaicism in the blood for many of these large CNVs, so they could easily be mistaken for germline alleles even when caused by somatic mutations. We therefore suggest that somatic mutations associated with blood cancers may result in false estimates of rare variant penetrance from population biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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53
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Banerjee I, Senniappan S, Laver TW, Caswell R, Zenker M, Mohnike K, Cheetham T, Wakeling MN, Ismail D, Lennerz B, Splitt M, Berberoğlu M, Empting S, Wabitsch M, Pötzsch S, Shah P, Siklar Z, Verge CF, Weedon MN, Ellard S, Hussain K, Flanagan SE. Refinement of the critical genomic region for congenital hyperinsulinism in the Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:149. [PMID: 32832699 PMCID: PMC7422856 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15465.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Large contiguous gene deletions at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 9 result in the complex multi-organ condition chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. A range of clinical features can result from these deletions with the most common being facial dysmorphisms and neurological impairment. Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rarely reported feature of the syndrome with the genetic mechanism for the dysregulated insulin secretion being unknown. Methods: We studied the clinical and genetic characteristics of 12 individuals with chromosome 9p deletions who had a history of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Using off-target reads generated from targeted next-generation sequencing of the genes known to cause hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (n=9), or microarray analysis (n=3), we mapped the minimal shared deleted region on chromosome 9 in this cohort. Targeted sequencing was performed in three patients to search for a recessive mutation unmasked by the deletion. Results: In 10/12 patients with hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinism was confirmed biochemically. A range of extra-pancreatic features were also reported in these patients consistent with the diagnosis of the Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. The minimal deleted region was mapped to 7.2 Mb, encompassing 38 protein-coding genes. In silico analysis of these genes highlighted SMARCA2 and RFX3 as potential candidates for the hypoglycaemia. Targeted sequencing performed on three of the patients did not identify a second disease-causing variant within the minimal deleted region. Conclusions: This study identifies 9p deletions as an important cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and increases the number of cases reported with 9p deletions and hypoglycaemia to 15 making this a more common feature of the syndrome than previously appreciated. Whilst the precise genetic mechanism of the dysregulated insulin secretion could not be determined in these patients, mapping the deletion breakpoints highlighted potential candidate genes for hypoglycaemia within the deleted region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas W. Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard Caswell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tim Cheetham
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - Matthew N. Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Dunia Ismail
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Alexandra Children’s Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Belinda Lennerz
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Merih Berberoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Susann Empting
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Pötzsch
- Department for Children and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen, Plauen, Germany
| | - Pratik Shah
- Endocrinology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zeynep Siklar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Charles F. Verge
- Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick and School of Women's and Children's Health,, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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54
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Ferrat LA, Vehik K, Sharp SA, Lernmark Å, Rewers MJ, She JX, Ziegler AG, Toppari J, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Weedon MN, Oram RA, Hagopian WA. A combined risk score enhances prediction of type 1 diabetes among susceptible children. Nat Med 2020; 26:1247-1255. [PMID: 32770166 PMCID: PMC7556983 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D)-an autoimmune disease that destroys the pancreatic islets, resulting in insulin deficiency-often begins early in life when islet autoantibody appearance signals high risk1. However, clinical diabetes can follow in weeks or only after decades, and is very difficult to predict. Ketoacidosis at onset remains common2,3 and is most severe in the very young4,5, in whom it can be life threatening and difficult to treat6-9. Autoantibody surveillance programs effectively prevent most ketoacidosis10-12 but require frequent evaluations whose expense limits public health adoption13. Prevention therapies applied before onset, when greater islet mass remains, have rarely been feasible14 because individuals at greatest risk of impending T1D are difficult to identify. To remedy this, we sought accurate, cost-effective estimation of future T1D risk by developing a combined risk score incorporating both fixed and variable factors (genetic, clinical and immunological) in 7,798 high-risk children followed closely from birth for 9.3 years. Compared with autoantibodies alone, the combined model dramatically improves T1D prediction at ≥2 years of age over horizons up to 8 years of age (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.9), doubles the estimated efficiency of population-based newborn screening to prevent ketoacidosis, and enables individualized risk estimates for better prevention trial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauric A Ferrat
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Munich, Germany
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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55
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Sukcharoen K, Sharp SA, Thomas NJ, Kimmitt RA, Harrison J, Bingham C, Mozere M, Weedon MN, Tyrrell J, Barratt J, Gale DP, Oram RA. IgA Nephropathy Genetic Risk Score to Estimate the Prevalence of IgA Nephropathy in UK Biobank. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1643-1650. [PMID: 33102956 PMCID: PMC7572308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest glomerulonephritis worldwide. Its prevalence is difficult to estimate, as people with mild disease do not commonly receive a biopsy diagnosis. We aimed to generate an IgA nephropathy genetic risk score (IgAN-GRS) and estimate the proportion of people with hematuria who had IgAN in the UK Biobank (UKBB). Methods We calculated an IgAN-GRS using 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) drawn from the largest European Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and validated the IgAN-GRS in 464 biopsy-proven IgAN European cases from the UK Glomerulonephritis DNA Bank (UKGDB) and in 379,767 Europeans in the UKBB. We used the mean of IgAN-GRS to calculate the proportion of potential IgAN in 14,181 with hematuria and other nonspecific renal phenotypes from 379,767 Europeans in the UKBB. Results The IgAN-GRS was higher in the IgAN cohort (4.30; 95% confidence interval [95% CI: 4.23–4.38) than in controls (3.98; 3.97–3.98; P < 0.0001). The mean GRS in UKBB participants with hematuria (n = 12,858) was higher (4.04; 4.02–4.06) than UKBB controls (3.98; 3.97–3.98; P < 0.0001) and higher in those with hematuria, hypertension, and microalbuminuria (n = 1323) (4.07; 4.02–4.13) versus (3.98; 3.97–3.98; P = 0.0003). Using the difference in these means, we estimated that IgAN accounted for 19% of noncancer hematuria and 28% with hematuria, hypertension, and microalbuminuria in UKBB. Conclusions We used an IgAN-GRS to estimate the prevalence of IgAN contributing to common phenotypes that are not always biopsied. The noninvasive use of polygenic risk in this setting may have further utility to identify likely etiology of nonspecific renal phenotypes in large population cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Sukcharoen
- The Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas J Thomas
- The Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Robert A Kimmitt
- The Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Jamie Harrison
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Coralie Bingham
- The Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Monika Mozere
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel P Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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56
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Casanova F, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Ji Y, Jones SE, Hattersley AT, Weedon MN, Murray A, Shore AC, Frayling TM, Wood AR. A genome-wide association study implicates multiple mechanisms influencing raised urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:4197-4207. [PMID: 31630189 PMCID: PMC7246045 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raised albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) is an indicator of microvascular damage and renal disease. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with raised ACR and study the implications of carrying multiple ACR-raising alleles with metabolic and vascular-related disease. We performed a genome-wide association study of ACR using 437 027 individuals from the UK Biobank in the discovery phase, 54 527 more than previous studies, and followed up our findings in independent studies. We identified 62 independent associations with ACR across 56 loci (P < 5 × 10–8), of which 20 were not previously reported. Pathway analyses and the identification of 20 of the 62 variants (at r2 > 0.8) coinciding with signals for at least 16 related metabolic and vascular traits, suggested multiple pathways leading to raised ACR levels. After excluding variants at the CUBN locus, known to alter ACR via effects on renal absorption, an ACR genetic risk score was associated with a higher risk of hypertension, and less strongly, type 2 diabetes and stroke. For some rare genotype combinations at the CUBN locus, most individuals had ACR levels above the microalbuminuria clinical threshold. Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals carrying more CUBN ACR-raising alleles, and above the clinical threshold, had a higher frequency of vascular disease. The CUBN allele effects on ACR were twice as strong in people with diabetes—a result robust to an optimization-algorithm approach to simulating interactions, validating previously reported gene–diabetes interactions (P ≤ 4 × 10–5). In conclusion, a variety of genetic mechanisms and traits contribute to variation
in ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Casanova
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Harrison JW, Tallapragada DSP, Baptist A, Sharp SA, Bhaskar S, Jog KS, Patel KA, Weedon MN, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Oram RA. Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score is discriminative of diabetes in non-Europeans: evidence from a study in India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9450. [PMID: 32528078 PMCID: PMC7289794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a significant problem in Indians and misclassification of T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a particular problem in young adults in this population due to the high prevalence of early onset T2D at lower BMI. We have previously shown a genetic risk score (GRS) can be used to discriminate T1D from T2D in Europeans. We aimed to test the ability of a T1D GRS to discriminate T1D from T2D and controls in Indians. We studied subjects from Pune, India of Indo-European ancestry; T1D (n = 262 clinically defined, 200 autoantibody positive), T2D (n = 345) and controls (n = 324). We used the 9 SNP T1D GRS generated in Europeans and assessed its ability to discriminate T1D from T2D and controls in Indians. We compared Indians with Europeans from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study; T1D (n = 1963), T2D (n = 1924) and controls (n = 2938). The T1D GRS was discriminative of T1D from T2D in Indians but slightly less than in Europeans (ROC AUC 0.84 v 0.87, p < 0.0001). HLA SNPs contributed the majority of the discriminative power in Indians. A T1D GRS using SNPs defined in Europeans is discriminative of T1D from T2D and controls in Indians. As with Europeans, the T1D GRS may be useful for classifying diabetes in Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Harrison
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Alma Baptist
- KEM Hospital, 489 Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodaliar Road, Pune, 411011, India
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Seema Bhaskar
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Kalpana S Jog
- KEM Hospital, 489 Rasta Peth, Sardar Moodaliar Road, Pune, 411011, India
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Exeter, Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
| | | | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Exeter, Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK.
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58
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Deane CS, Ames RM, Phillips BE, Weedon MN, Willis CRG, Boereboom C, Abdulla H, Bukhari SSI, Lund JN, Williams JP, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Gallagher IJ, Kadi F, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ, Etheridge T. The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2111-2126. [PMID: 30996129 PMCID: PMC6503873 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We used transcriptomics to compare age-related molecular responses to acute CON and ECC exercise. Eight young (21±1 y) and eight older (70±1 y) exercise-naïve male volunteers had vastus lateralis biopsies collected at baseline and 5 h post unilateral CON and contralateral ECC exercise. RNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing and differentially expressed (DE) genes tested for pathway enrichment using Gene Ontology (GO). The young transcriptional response to CON and ECC was highly similar and older adults displayed moderate contraction-specific profiles, with no GO enrichment. Age-specific responses to ECC revealed 104 DE genes unique to young, and 170 DE genes in older muscle, with no GO enrichment. Following CON, 15 DE genes were young muscle-specific, whereas older muscle uniquely expressed 147 up-regulated genes enriched for cell adhesion and blood vessel development, and 28 down-regulated genes involved in mitochondrial respiration, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Thus, older age is associated with contraction-specific regulation often without clear functional relevance, perhaps reflecting a degree of stochastic age-related dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ryan M Ames
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Catherine Boereboom
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Haitham Abdulla
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Syed S I Bukhari
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - John P Williams
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
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Lewis KJS, Richards A, Karlsson R, Leonenko G, Jones SE, Jones HJ, Gordon-Smith K, Forty L, Escott-Price V, Owen MJ, Weedon MN, Jones L, Craddock N, Jones I, Landén M, O’Donovan MC, Di Florio A. Comparison of Genetic Liability for Sleep Traits Among Individuals With Bipolar Disorder I or II and Control Participants. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:303-310. [PMID: 31751445 PMCID: PMC6902167 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Insomnia, hypersomnia, and an evening chronotype are common in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), but whether this reflects shared genetic liability is unclear. Stratifying by BD subtypes could elucidate this association and inform sleep and BD research. OBJECTIVE To assess whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for sleep traits are associated with BD subtypes I and II. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study was conducted in the United Kingdom and Sweden with participants with BD and control participants. Multinomial regression was used to assess whether PRSs for insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, and chronotype are associated with BD subtypes compared with control participants. Affected individuals were recruited from the Bipolar Disorder Research Network. Control participants were recruited from the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the UK Blood Service. Analyses were repeated in an independent Swedish sample from August 2018 to July 2019. All participants were of European ancestry. EXPOSURES Standardized PRSs derived using alleles from genome-wide association studies of insomnia, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype. These were adjusted for the first 10 population principal components, genotyping platforms, and sex. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Association of PRSs with BD subtypes, determined by semistructured psychiatric interview and case notes. RESULTS The main analysis included 4672 participants with BD (3132 female participants [67.0%]; 3404 with BD-I [72.9%]) and 5714 control participants (2812 female participants [49.2%]). Insomnia PRS was associated with increased risk of BD-II (relative risk [RR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.07-1.21]; P = 8.26 × 10-5) but not BD-I (RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.94-1.03]; P = .409) relative to control participants. Sleep-duration PRS was associated with BD-I (RR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.06-1.15]; P = 1.13 × 10-5) but not BD-II (RR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.93-1.06]; P = .818). Associations between (1) insomnia PRS and BD-II and (2) sleep-duration PRS and BD-I were replicated in the Swedish sample of 4366 individuals with BD (2697 female participants [61.8%]; 2627 with BD-I [60.2%]) and 6091 control participants (3767 female participants [61.8%]). Chronotype and daytime-sleepiness PRS were not associated with BD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Per this analysis, BD subtypes differ in genetic liability to insomnia and hypersomnia, providing further evidence that the distinction between BD-I and BD-II has genetic validity. This distinction will be crucial in selecting participants for future research on the role of sleep disturbance in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. S. Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Richards
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J. Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Gordon-Smith
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Forty
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Jones
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Craddock
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael C. O’Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Di Florio
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Dashti HS, Vetter C, Lane JM, Smith MC, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Rutter MK, Garaulet M, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Assessment of MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Modification by Shift Work and Morningness-Eveningness Preference in the UK Biobank. Diabetes 2020; 69:259-266. [PMID: 31757795 PMCID: PMC6971490 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Night shift work, behavioral rhythms, and the common MTNR1B risk single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10830963, associate with type 2 diabetes; however, whether they exert joint effects to exacerbate type 2 diabetes risk is unknown. Among employed participants of European ancestry in the UK Biobank (N = 189,488), we aimed to test the cross-sectional independent associations and joint interaction effects of these risk factors on odds of type 2 diabetes (n = 5,042 cases) and HbA1c levels (n = 175,156). Current shift work, definite morning or evening preference, and MTNR1B rs10830963 risk allele associated with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c levels. The effect of rs10830963 was not modified by shift work schedules. While marginal evidence of interaction between self-reported morningness-eveningness preference and rs10830963 on risk of type 2 diabetes was seen, this interaction did not persist when analysis was expanded to include all participants regardless of employment status and when accelerometer-derived sleep midpoint was used as an objective measure of morningness-eveningness preference. Our findings suggest that MTNR1B risk allele carriers who carry out shift work or have more extreme morningness-eveningness preference may not have enhanced risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Céline Vetter
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matt C Smith
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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61
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Green HD, Beaumont RN, Thomas A, Hamilton B, Wood AR, Sharp S, Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Walker G, Goodhand J, Kennedy NA, Ahmad T, Weedon MN. Genome-Wide Association Study of Microscopic Colitis in the UK Biobank Confirms Immune-Related Pathogenesis. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1578-1582. [PMID: 31125052 PMCID: PMC6903793 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The causes of microscopic colitis are currently poorly understood. Previous reports have found clinical associations with coeliac disease and genetic associations at the human leukocyte antigen [HLA] locus on the ancestral 8.1 haplotype. We investigated pharmacological and genetic factors associated with microscopic colitis in the UK Biobank. METHODS In total, 483 European UK Biobank participants were identified by ICD10 coding, and a genome-wide association study was performed using BOLT-LMM, with a sensitivity analysis performed excluding potential confounders. The HLA*IMP:02 algorithm was used to estimate allele frequency at 11 classical HLA genes, and downstream analysis was performed using FUMA. Genetic overlap with inflammatory bowel disease [Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis] was investigated using genetic risk scores. RESULTS We found significant phenotypic associations with smoking status, coeliac disease and the use of proton-pump inhibitors but not with other commonly reported pharmacological risk factors. Using the largest sample size to date, we confirmed a recently reported association with the MHC Ancestral 8.1 Haplotype. Downstream analysis suggests association with digestive tract morphogenesis. By calculating genetic risk scores, we also report suggestive evidence of shared genetic risk with Crohn's disease, but not with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS This report confirms the role of genetic determinants in the HLA in the pathogenesis of microscopic colitis. The genetic overlap with Crohn's disease suggests a common underlying mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry D Green
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK,IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Amanda Thomas
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Hamilton
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Seth Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Gareth Walker
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - James Goodhand
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK,Corresponding author: Michael N. Weedon, University of Exeter Medical School, Medical Research - Level 3, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust (Wonford), Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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62
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Banerjee I, Senniappan S, Laver TW, Caswell R, Zenker M, Mohnike K, Cheetham T, Wakeling MN, Ismail D, Lennerz B, Splitt M, Berberoğlu M, Empting S, Wabitsch M, Pötzsch S, Shah P, Siklar Z, Verge CF, Weedon MN, Ellard S, Hussain K, Flanagan SE. Refinement of the critical genomic region for hypoglycaemia in the Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:149. [PMID: 32832699 PMCID: PMC7422856 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15465.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Large contiguous gene deletions at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 9 result in the complex multi-organ condition chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. A range of clinical features can result from these deletions with the most common being facial dysmorphisms and neurological impairment. Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rarely reported feature of the syndrome with the genetic mechanism for the dysregulated insulin secretion being unknown. Methods: We studied the clinical and genetic characteristics of 12 individuals with chromosome 9p deletions who had a history of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Using off-target reads generated from targeted next-generation sequencing of the genes known to cause hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (n=9), or microarray analysis (n=3), we mapped the minimal shared deleted region on chromosome 9 in this cohort. Targeted sequencing was performed in three patients to search for a recessive mutation unmasked by the deletion. Results: In 10/12 patients with hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinism was confirmed biochemically. A range of extra-pancreatic features were also reported in these patients consistent with the diagnosis of the Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. The minimal deleted region was mapped to 7.2 Mb, encompassing 38 protein-coding genes. In silico analysis of these genes highlighted SMARCA2 and RFX3 as potential candidates for the hypoglycaemia. Targeted sequencing performed on three of the patients did not identify a second disease-causing variant within the minimal deleted region. Conclusions: This study identifies 9p deletions as an important cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and increases the number of cases reported with 9p deletions and hypoglycaemia to 15 making this a more common feature of the syndrome than previously appreciated. Whilst the precise genetic mechanism of the dysregulated insulin secretion could not be determined in these patients, mapping the deletion breakpoints highlighted potential candidate genes for hypoglycaemia within the deleted region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas W. Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard Caswell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tim Cheetham
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - Matthew N. Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Dunia Ismail
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Alexandra Children’s Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Belinda Lennerz
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Merih Berberoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Susann Empting
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Pötzsch
- Department for Children and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen, Plauen, Germany
| | - Pratik Shah
- Endocrinology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zeynep Siklar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Charles F. Verge
- Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick and School of Women's and Children's Health,, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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63
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Wang H, Lane JM, Jones SE, Dashti HS, Ollila HM, Wood AR, van Hees VT, Brumpton B, Winsvold BS, Kantojärvi K, Palviainen T, Cade BE, Sofer T, Song Y, Patel K, Anderson SG, Bechtold DA, Bowden J, Emsley R, Kyle SD, Little MA, Loudon AS, Scheer FAJL, Purcell SM, Richmond RC, Spiegelhalder K, Tyrrell J, Zhu X, Hublin C, Kaprio JA, Kristiansson K, Sulkava S, Paunio T, Hveem K, Nielsen JB, Willer CJ, Zwart JA, Strand LB, Frayling TM, Ray D, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Redline S, Saxena R. Genome-wide association analysis of self-reported daytime sleepiness identifies 42 loci that suggest biological subtypes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3503. [PMID: 31409809 PMCID: PMC6692391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) affects 10-20% of the population and is associated with substantial functional deficits. Here, we identify 42 loci for self-reported daytime sleepiness in GWAS of 452,071 individuals from the UK Biobank, with enrichment for genes expressed in brain tissues and in neuronal transmission pathways. We confirm the aggregate effect of a genetic risk score of 42 SNPs on daytime sleepiness in independent Scandinavian cohorts and on other sleep disorders (restless legs syndrome, insomnia) and sleep traits (duration, chronotype, accelerometer-derived sleep efficiency and daytime naps or inactivity). However, individual daytime sleepiness signals vary in their associations with objective short vs long sleep, and with markers of sleep continuity. The 42 sleepiness variants primarily cluster into two predominant composite biological subtypes - sleep propensity and sleep fragmentation. Shared genetic links are also seen with obesity, coronary heart disease, psychiatric diseases, cognitive traits and reproductive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yanwei Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University College of Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University College of Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Max A Little
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christer Hublin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko A Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Sulkava
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Strand
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX39DU, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Thomas NJ, Lynam AL, Hill AV, Weedon MN, Shields BM, Oram RA, McDonald TJ, Hattersley AT, Jones AG. Type 1 diabetes defined by severe insulin deficiency occurs after 30 years of age and is commonly treated as type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1167-1172. [PMID: 30969375 PMCID: PMC6559997 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Late-onset type 1 diabetes can be difficult to identify. Measurement of endogenous insulin secretion using C-peptide provides a gold standard classification of diabetes type in longstanding diabetes that closely relates to treatment requirements. We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of type 1 diabetes defined by severe endogenous insulin deficiency after age 30 and assess whether these individuals are identified and managed as having type 1 diabetes in clinical practice. METHODS We assessed the characteristics of type 1 diabetes defined by rapid insulin requirement (within 3 years of diagnosis) and severe endogenous insulin deficiency (non-fasting C-peptide <200 pmol/l) in 583 participants with insulin-treated diabetes, diagnosed after age 30, from the Diabetes Alliance for Research in England (DARE) population cohort. We compared characteristics with participants with retained endogenous insulin secretion (>600 pmol/l) and 220 participants with severe insulin deficiency who were diagnosed under age 30. RESULTS Twenty-one per cent of participants with insulin-treated diabetes who were diagnosed after age 30 met the study criteria for type 1 diabetes. Of these participants, 38% did not receive insulin at diagnosis, of whom 47% self-reported type 2 diabetes. Rapid insulin requirement was highly predictive of severe endogenous insulin deficiency: 85% required insulin within 1 year of diagnosis, and 47% of all those initially treated without insulin who progressed to insulin treatment within 3 years of diagnosis had severe endogenous insulin deficiency. Participants with late-onset type 1 diabetes defined by development of severe insulin deficiency had similar clinical characteristics to those with young-onset type 1 diabetes. However, those with later onset type 1 diabetes had a modestly lower type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (0.268 vs 0.279; p < 0.001 [expected type 2 diabetes population median, 0.231]), a higher islet autoantibody prevalence (GAD-, islet antigen 2 [IA2]- or zinc transporter protein 8 [ZnT8]-positive) of 78% at 13 years vs 62% at 26 years of diabetes duration; (p = 0.02), and were less likely to identify as having type 1 diabetes (79% vs 100%; p < 0.001) vs those with young-onset disease. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Type 1 diabetes diagnosed over 30 years of age, defined by severe insulin deficiency, has similar clinical and biological characteristics to that occurring at younger ages, but is frequently not identified. Clinicians should be aware that patients progressing to insulin within 3 years of diagnosis have a high likelihood of type 1 diabetes, regardless of initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Thomas
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Anita L Lynam
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
| | - Anita V Hill
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
| | - Beverley M Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
- Renal Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy J McDonald
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
- Academic Department of Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Angus G Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
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65
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Richmond RC, Anderson EL, Dashti HS, Jones SE, Lane JM, Strand LB, Brumpton B, Rutter MK, Wood AR, Straif K, Relton CL, Munafò M, Frayling TM, Martin RM, Saxena R, Weedon MN, Lawlor DA, Smith GD. Investigating causal relations between sleep traits and risk of breast cancer in women: mendelian randomisation study. BMJ 2019; 365:l2327. [PMID: 31243001 PMCID: PMC6592406 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether sleep traits have a causal effect on risk of breast cancer. DESIGN Mendelian randomisation study. SETTING UK Biobank prospective cohort study and Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) case-control genome-wide association study. PARTICIPANTS 156 848 women in the multivariable regression and one sample mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis in UK Biobank (7784 with a breast cancer diagnosis) and 122 977 breast cancer cases and 105 974 controls from BCAC in the two sample MR analysis. EXPOSURES Self reported chronotype (morning or evening preference), insomnia symptoms, and sleep duration in multivariable regression, and genetic variants robustly associated with these sleep traits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Breast cancer diagnosis. RESULTS In multivariable regression analysis using UK Biobank data on breast cancer incidence, morning preference was inversely associated with breast cancer (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 0.98 per category increase), whereas there was little evidence for an association between sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Using 341 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronotype, 91 SNPs associated with sleep duration, and 57 SNPs associated with insomnia symptoms, one sample MR analysis in UK Biobank provided some supportive evidence for a protective effect of morning preference on breast cancer risk (0.85, 0.70, 1.03 per category increase) but imprecise estimates for sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Two sample MR using data from BCAC supported findings for a protective effect of morning preference (inverse variance weighted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.93 per category increase) and adverse effect of increased sleep duration (1.19, 1.02 to 1.39 per hour increase) on breast cancer risk (both oestrogen receptor positive and oestrogen receptor negative), whereas evidence for insomnia symptoms was inconsistent. Results were largely robust to sensitivity analyses accounting for horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed consistent evidence for a protective effect of morning preference and suggestive evidence for an adverse effect of increased sleep duration on breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linn Beate Strand
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Tyrrell J, Mulugeta A, Wood AR, Zhou A, Beaumont RN, Tuke MA, Jones SE, Ruth KS, Yaghootkar H, Sharp S, Thompson WD, Ji Y, Harrison J, Freathy RM, Murray A, Weedon MN, Lewis C, Frayling TM, Hyppönen E. Using genetics to understand the causal influence of higher BMI on depression. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:834-848. [PMID: 30423117 PMCID: PMC6659462 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is more common in obese than non-obese individuals, especially in women, but the causal relationship between obesity and depression is complex and uncertain. Previous studies have used genetic variants associated with BMI to provide evidence that higher body mass index (BMI) causes depression, but have not tested whether this relationship is driven by the metabolic consequences of BMI nor for differences between men and women. METHODS We performed a Mendelian randomization study using 48 791 individuals with depression and 291 995 controls in the UK Biobank, to test for causal effects of higher BMI on depression (defined using self-report and Hospital Episode data). We used two genetic instruments, both representing higher BMI, but one with and one without its adverse metabolic consequences, in an attempt to 'uncouple' the psychological component of obesity from the metabolic consequences. We further tested causal relationships in men and women separately, and using subsets of BMI variants from known physiological pathways. RESULTS Higher BMI was strongly associated with higher odds of depression, especially in women. Mendelian randomization provided evidence that higher BMI partly causes depression. Using a 73-variant BMI genetic risk score, a genetically determined one standard deviation (1 SD) higher BMI (4.9 kg/m2) was associated with higher odds of depression in all individuals [odds ratio (OR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.28, P = 0.00007) and women only (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.39, P = 0.0001). Meta-analysis with 45 591 depression cases and 97 647 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) strengthened the statistical confidence of the findings in all individuals. Similar effect size estimates were obtained using different Mendelian randomization methods, although not all reached P < 0.05. Using a metabolically favourable adiposity genetic risk score, and meta-analysing data from the UK biobank and PGC, a genetically determined 1 SD higher BMI (4.9 kg/m2) was associated with higher odds of depression in all individuals (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50], P = 0.010), but with weaker statistical confidence. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI, with and without its adverse metabolic consequences, is likely to have a causal role in determining the likelihood of an individual developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Anwar Mulugeta
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Seth Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - William D Thompson
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Jamie Harrison
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Cathryn Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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67
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Yengo L, Sidorenko J, Kemper KE, Zheng Z, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn J, Yang J, Visscher PM. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ∼700000 individuals of European ancestry. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3641-3649. [PMID: 30124842 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1134] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of height and body mass index (BMI) in ∼250000 European participants have led to the discovery of ∼700 and ∼100 nearly independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these traits, respectively. Here we combine summary statistics from those two studies with GWAS of height and BMI performed in ∼450000 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. Overall, our combined GWAS meta-analysis reaches N ∼700000 individuals and substantially increases the number of GWAS signals associated with these traits. We identified 3290 and 941 near-independent SNPs associated with height and BMI, respectively (at a revised genome-wide significance threshold of P < 1 × 10-8), including 1185 height-associated SNPs and 751 BMI-associated SNPs located within loci not previously identified by these two GWAS. The near-independent genome-wide significant SNPs explain ∼24.6% of the variance of height and ∼6.0% of the variance of BMI in an independent sample from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Correlations between polygenic scores based upon these SNPs with actual height and BMI in HRS participants were ∼0.44 and ∼0.22, respectively. From analyses of integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data by summary-data-based Mendelian randomization, we identified an enrichment of eQTLs among lead height and BMI signals, prioritizing 610 and 138 genes, respectively. Our study demonstrates that, as previously predicted, increasing GWAS sample sizes continues to deliver, by the discovery of new loci, increasing prediction accuracy and providing additional data to achieve deeper insight into complex trait biology. All summary statistics are made available for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kathryn E Kemper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
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68
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Warrington NM, Beaumont RN, Horikoshi M, Day FR, Helgeland Ø, Laurin C, Bacelis J, Peng S, Hao K, Feenstra B, Wood AR, Mahajan A, Tyrrell J, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Qiao Z, Moen GH, Vaudel M, Marsit CJ, Chen J, Nodzenski M, Schnurr TM, Zafarmand MH, Bradfield JP, Grarup N, Kooijman MN, Li-Gao R, Geller F, Ahluwalia TS, Paternoster L, Rueedi R, Huikari V, Hottenga JJ, Lyytikäinen LP, Cavadino A, Metrustry S, Cousminer DL, Wu Y, Thiering E, Wang CA, Have CT, Vilor-Tejedor N, Joshi PK, Painter JN, Ntalla I, Myhre R, Pitkänen N, van Leeuwen EM, Joro R, Lagou V, Richmond RC, Espinosa A, Barton SJ, Inskip HM, Holloway JW, Santa-Marina L, Estivill X, Ang W, Marsh JA, Reichetzeder C, Marullo L, Hocher B, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Relton CL, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L, Allard C, Bouchard L, Hivert MF, Zhang G, Muglia LJ, Heikkinen J, Morgen CS, van Kampen AHC, van Schaik BDC, Mentch FD, Langenberg C, Luan J, Scott RA, Zhao JH, Hemani G, Ring SM, Bennett AJ, Gaulton KJ, Fernandez-Tajes J, van Zuydam NR, Medina-Gomez C, de Haan HG, Rosendaal FR, Kutalik Z, Marques-Vidal P, Das S, Willemsen G, Mbarek H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Standl M, Appel EVR, Fonvig CE, Trier C, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Murcia M, Bustamante M, Bonas-Guarch S, Hougaard DM, Mercader JM, Linneberg A, Schraut KE, Lind PA, Medland SE, Shields BM, Knight BA, Chai JF, Panoutsopoulou K, Bartels M, Sánchez F, Stokholm J, Torrents D, Vinding RK, Willems SM, Atalay M, Chawes BL, Kovacs P, Prokopenko I, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Ruth KS, Jones SE, Loh PR, Murray A, Weedon MN, Tönjes A, Stumvoll M, Michaelsen KF, Eloranta AM, Lakka TA, van Duijn CM, Kiess W, Körner A, Niinikoski H, Pahkala K, Raitakari OT, Jacobsson B, Zeggini E, Dedoussis GV, Teo YY, Saw SM, Montgomery GW, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Vrijkotte TGM, Vrijheid M, de Geus EJCN, Hayes MG, Kadarmideen HN, Holm JC, Beilin LJ, Pennell CE, Heinrich J, Adair LS, Borja JB, Mohlke KL, Eriksson JG, Widén EE, Hattersley AT, Spector TD, Kähönen M, Viikari JS, Lehtimäki T, Boomsma DI, Sebert S, Vollenweider P, Sørensen TIA, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Murray JC, Melbye M, Nohr EA, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Hansen T, Pisinger C, Vaag AA, Pedersen O, Uitterlinden AG, Järvelin MR, Power C, Hyppönen E, Scholtens DM, Lowe WL, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ, Morris AP, Wareham NJ, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Frayling TM, Lawlor DA, Njølstad PR, Johansson S, Ong KK, McCarthy MI, Perry JRB, Evans DM, Freathy RM. Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors. Nat Genet 2019; 51:804-814. [PMID: 31043758 PMCID: PMC6522365 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles Laurin
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Truro, UK
| | - Neil R Robertson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Zhen Qiao
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc Vaudel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Nodzenski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad H Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Quantinuum Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ville Huikari
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian T Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ronny Myhre
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raimo Joro
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila J Barton
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Sidra Medicine Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Genomics Unit, Dexeus Woman's Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Ang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A Marsh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Catherine Allard
- Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ge Zhang
- Human Genetics Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Human Genetics Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jani Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla S Morgen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalie R van Zuydam
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugoline G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shikta Das
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emil V R Appel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius E Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caecilie Trier
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | | | - Mario Murcia
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bonas-Guarch
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beverley M Shields
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Bridget A Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Friman Sánchez
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Computer Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Torrents
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca K Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Murray
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's andChild Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's andChild Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Quantitative and Systems Genomics Group, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth E Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Center for Sundhed, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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69
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Schafmayer C, Harrison JW, Buch S, Lange C, Reichert MC, Hofer P, Cossais F, Kupcinskas J, von Schönfels W, Schniewind B, Kruis W, Tepel J, Zobel M, Rosendahl J, Jacobi T, Walther-Berends A, Schroeder M, Vogel I, Sergeev P, Boedeker H, Hinrichsen H, Volk A, Erk JU, Burmeister G, Hendricks A, Hinz S, Wolff S, Böttner M, Wood AR, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Langheinrich M, Kucharzik T, Brezina S, Huber-Schönauer U, Pietsch L, Noack LS, Brosch M, Herrmann A, Thangapandi RV, Schimming HW, Zeissig S, Palm S, Focke G, Andreasson A, Schmidt PT, Weitz J, Krawczak M, Völzke H, Leeb G, Michl P, Lieb W, Grützmann R, Franke A, Lammert F, Becker T, Kupcinskas L, D'Amato M, Wedel T, Datz C, Gsur A, Weedon MN, Hampe J. Genome-wide association analysis of diverticular disease points towards neuromuscular, connective tissue and epithelial pathomechanisms. Gut 2019; 68:854-865. [PMID: 30661054 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diverticular disease is a common complex disorder characterised by mucosal outpouchings of the colonic wall that manifests through complications such as diverticulitis, perforation and bleeding. We report the to date largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for diverticular disease. DESIGN Discovery GWAS analysis was performed on UK Biobank imputed genotypes using 31 964 cases and 419 135 controls of European descent. Associations were replicated in a European sample of 3893 cases and 2829 diverticula-free controls and evaluated for risk contribution to diverticulitis and uncomplicated diverticulosis. Transcripts at top 20 replicating loci were analysed by real-time quatitative PCR in preparations of the mucosal, submucosal and muscular layer of colon. The localisation of expressed protein at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We discovered 48 risk loci, of which 12 are novel, with genome-wide significance and consistent OR in the replication sample. Nominal replication (p<0.05) was observed for 27 loci, and additional 8 in meta-analysis with a population-based cohort. The most significant novel risk variant rs9960286 is located near CTAGE1 with a p value of 2.3×10-10 and 0.002 (ORallelic=1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.24)) in the replication analysis. Four loci showed stronger effects for diverticulitis, PHGR1 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56), FAM155A-2 (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.42), CALCB (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) and S100A10 (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33). CONCLUSION In silico analyses point to diverticulosis primarily as a disorder of intestinal neuromuscular function and of impaired connective fibre support, while an additional diverticulitis risk might be conferred by epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Matthias C Reichert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Kruis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Pulmonology, Evangelic Hospital Köln-Kalk, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tepel
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Myrko Zobel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helios Hospital Weißeritztal, Freital, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ilka Vogel
- Department of Surgery, Community Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petr Sergeev
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital Riesa, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Boedeker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Volk
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Erk
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Greta Burmeister
- Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Pulmonology, Evangelic Hospital Köln-Kalk, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Andrew R Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, United Kingdom, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, United Kingdom, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, United Kingdom, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Huber-Schönauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Leonora Pietsch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Laura Sophie Noack
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Brosch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Raghavan Veera Thangapandi
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Palm
- Outpatient Center for Gastroenterology, Dippoldiswalde, Germany
| | - Gerd Focke
- Outpatient Center for Gastroenterology Dresden-Blasewitz, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juergen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gernot Leeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Oberpullendorf, Oberpullendorf, Austria
| | - Patrick Michl
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology & Popgen Biobank, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael N Weedon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, United Kingdom, Exeter, UK
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
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70
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Jones SE, van Hees VT, Mazzotti DR, Marques-Vidal P, Sabia S, van der Spek A, Dashti HS, Engmann J, Kocevska D, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Hillsdon M, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Sharp SA, Ji Y, Harrison JW, Freathy RM, Murray A, Luik AI, Amin N, Lane JM, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Tiemeier H, Kutalik Z, Kumari M, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Gehrman PR, Wood AR. Genetic studies of accelerometer-based sleep measures yield new insights into human sleep behaviour. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1585. [PMID: 30952852 PMCID: PMC6451011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential human function but its regulation is poorly understood. Using accelerometer data from 85,670 UK Biobank participants, we perform a genome-wide association study of 8 derived sleep traits representing sleep quality, quantity and timing, and validate our findings in 5,819 individuals. We identify 47 genetic associations at P < 5 × 10-8, of which 20 reach a stricter threshold of P < 8 × 10-10. These include 26 novel associations with measures of sleep quality and 10 with nocturnal sleep duration. The majority of identified variants associate with a single sleep trait, except for variants previously associated with restless legs syndrome. For sleep duration we identify a missense variant (p.Tyr727Cys) in PDE11A as the likely causal variant. As a group, sleep quality loci are enriched for serotonin processing genes. Although accelerometer-derived measures of sleep are imperfect and may be affected by restless legs syndrome, these findings provide new biological insights into sleep compared to previous efforts based on self-report sleep measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- INSERM, U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Ashley van der Spek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Research department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie W Harrison
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, 193 Hathersage Road, Manchester, M13 0JE, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Meena Kumari
- ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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71
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Chang AM, Duffy JF, Buxton OM, Lane JM, Aeschbach D, Anderson C, Bjonnes AC, Cain SW, Cohen DA, Frayling TM, Gooley JJ, Jones SE, Klerman EB, Lockley SW, Munch M, Rajaratnam SMW, Rueger M, Rutter MK, Santhi N, Scheuermaier K, Van Reen E, Weedon MN, Czeisler CA, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Chronotype Genetic Variant in PER2 is Associated with Intrinsic Circadian Period in Humans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5350. [PMID: 30926824 PMCID: PMC6440993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PERIOD2 (PER2) gene is a core molecular component of the circadian clock and plays an important role in the generation and maintenance of daily rhythms. Rs35333999, a missense variant of PER2 common in European populations, has been shown to associate with later chronotype. Chronotype relates to the timing of biological and behavioral activities, including when we sleep, eat, and exercise, and later chronotype is associated with longer intrinsic circadian period (cycle length), a fundamental property of the circadian system. Thus, we tested whether this PER2 variant was associated with circadian period and found significant associations with longer intrinsic circadian period as measured under forced desynchrony protocols, the 'gold standard' for intrinsic circadian period assessment. Minor allele (T) carriers exhibited significantly longer circadian periods when determinations were based on either core body temperature or plasma melatonin measurements, as compared to non-carriers (by 12 and 11 min, respectively; accounting for ~7% of inter-individual variance). These findings provide a possible underlying biological mechanism for inter-individual differences in chronotype, and support the central role of PER2 in the human circadian timing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA.
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Genomic Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, 51147, Germany
| | - Clare Anderson
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bjonnes
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Genomic Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel A Cohen
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua J Gooley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Mirjam Munch
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Rueger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nayantara Santhi
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Karine Scheuermaier
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Wits Sleep Laboratory, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eliza Van Reen
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Genomic Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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72
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Dashti HS, Jones SE, Wood AR, Lane JM, van Hees VT, Wang H, Rhodes JA, Song Y, Patel K, Anderson SG, Beaumont RN, Bechtold DA, Bowden J, Cade BE, Garaulet M, Kyle SD, Little MA, Loudon AS, Luik AI, Scheer FAJL, Spiegelhalder K, Tyrrell J, Gottlieb DJ, Tiemeier H, Ray DW, Purcell SM, Frayling TM, Redline S, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Saxena R. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 30846698 PMCID: PMC6405943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential state of decreased activity and alertness but molecular factors regulating sleep duration remain unknown. Through genome-wide association analysis in 446,118 adults of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, we identify 78 loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration (p < 5 × 10−8; 43 loci at p < 6 × 10−9). Replication is observed for PAX8, VRK2, and FBXL12/UBL5/PIN1 loci in the CHARGE study (n = 47,180; p < 6.3 × 10−4), and 55 signals show sign-concordant effects. The 78 loci further associate with accelerometer-derived sleep duration, daytime inactivity, sleep efficiency and number of sleep bouts in secondary analysis (n = 85,499). Loci are enriched for pathways including striatum and subpallium development, mechanosensory response, dopamine binding, synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity, among others. Genetic correlation indicates shared links with anthropometric, cognitive, metabolic, and psychiatric traits and two-sample Mendelian randomization highlights a bidirectional causal link with schizophrenia. This work provides insights into the genetic basis for inter-individual variation in sleep duration implicating multiple biological pathways. Sleep is essential for homeostasis and insufficient or excessive sleep are associated with adverse outcomes. Here, the authors perform GWAS for self-reported habitual sleep duration in adults, supported by accelerometer-derived measures, and identify genetic correlation with psychiatric and metabolic traits
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Heming Wang
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Rhodes
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Yanwei Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Brian E Cade
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Max A Little
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, 02132, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Deprtment of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA. .,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
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73
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Lane JM, Jones SE, Dashti HS, Wood AR, Aragam KG, van Hees VT, Strand LB, Winsvold BS, Wang H, Bowden J, Song Y, Patel K, Anderson SG, Beaumont RN, Bechtold DA, Cade BE, Haas M, Kathiresan S, Little MA, Luik AI, Loudon AS, Purcell S, Richmond RC, Scheer FAJL, Schormair B, Tyrrell J, Winkelman JW, Winkelmann J, Hveem K, Zhao C, Nielsen JB, Willer CJ, Redline S, Spiegelhalder K, Kyle SD, Ray DW, Zwart JA, Brumpton B, Frayling TM, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Saxena R. Biological and clinical insights from genetics of insomnia symptoms. Nat Genet 2019; 51:387-393. [PMID: 30804566 PMCID: PMC6415688 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia is a common disorder linked with adverse long-term medical and psychiatric outcomes. The underlying pathophysiological processes and causal relationships of insomnia with disease are poorly understood. Here we identified 57 loci for self-reported insomnia symptoms in the UK Biobank (n = 453,379) and confirmed their effects on self-reported insomnia symptoms in the HUNT Study (n = 14,923 cases and 47,610 controls), physician-diagnosed insomnia in the Partners Biobank (n = 2,217 cases and 14,240 controls), and accelerometer-derived measures of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in the UK Biobank (n = 83,726). Our results suggest enrichment of genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and of genes expressed in multiple brain regions, skeletal muscle, and adrenal glands. Evidence of shared genetic factors was found between frequent insomnia symptoms and restless legs syndrome, aging, and cardiometabolic, behavioral, psychiatric, and reproductive traits. Evidence was found for a possible causal link between insomnia symptoms and coronary artery disease, depressive symptoms, and subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Krishna G Aragam
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Linn B Strand
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heming Wang
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yanwei Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian E Cade
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Haas
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max A Little
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - John W Winkelman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Neurogenetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, OX37LE/NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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74
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Walker GJ, Harrison JW, Heap GA, Voskuil MD, Andersen V, Anderson CA, Ananthakrishnan AN, Barrett JC, Beaugerie L, Bewshea CM, Cole AT, Cummings FR, Daly MJ, Ellul P, Fedorak RN, Festen EAM, Florin TH, Gaya DR, Halfvarson J, Hart AL, Heerasing NM, Hendy P, Irving PM, Jones SE, Koskela J, Lindsay JO, Mansfield JC, McGovern D, Parkes M, Pollok RCG, Ramakrishnan S, Rampton DS, Rivas MA, Russell RK, Schultz M, Sebastian S, Seksik P, Singh A, So K, Sokol H, Subramaniam K, Todd A, Annese V, Weersma RK, Xavier R, Ward R, Weedon MN, Goodhand JR, Kennedy NA, Ahmad T. Association of Genetic Variants in NUDT15 With Thiopurine-Induced Myelosuppression in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. JAMA 2019; 321:773-785. [PMID: 30806694 PMCID: PMC6439872 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Use of thiopurines may be limited by myelosuppression. TPMT pharmacogenetic testing identifies only 25% of at-risk patients of European ancestry. Among patients of East Asian ancestry, NUDT15 variants are associated with thiopurine-induced myelosuppression (TIM). OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants associated with TIM among patients of European ancestry with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case-control study of 491 patients affected by TIM and 679 thiopurine-tolerant unaffected patients who were recruited from 89 international sites between March 2012 and November 2015. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and exome-wide association studies (EWAS) were conducted in patients of European ancestry. The replication cohort comprised 73 patients affected by TIM and 840 thiopurine-tolerant unaffected patients. EXPOSURES Genetic variants associated with TIM. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Thiopurine-induced myelosuppression, defined as a decline in absolute white blood cell count to 2.5 × 109/L or less or a decline in absolute neutrophil cell count to 1.0 × 109/L or less leading to a dose reduction or drug withdrawal. RESULTS Among 1077 patients (398 affected and 679 unaffected; median age at IBD diagnosis, 31.0 years [interquartile range, 21.2 to 44.1 years]; 540 [50%] women; 602 [56%] diagnosed as having Crohn disease), 919 (311 affected and 608 unaffected) were included in the GWAS analysis and 961 (328 affected and 633 unaffected) in the EWAS analysis. The GWAS analysis confirmed association of TPMT (chromosome 6, rs11969064) with TIM (30.5% [95/311] affected vs 16.4% [100/608] unaffected patients; odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [95% CI, 1.7 to 3.1], P = 5.2 × 10-9). The EWAS analysis demonstrated an association with an in-frame deletion in NUDT15 (chromosome 13, rs746071566) and TIM (5.8% [19/328] affected vs 0.2% [1/633] unaffected patients; OR, 38.2 [95% CI, 5.1 to 286.1], P = 1.3 × 10-8), which was replicated in a different cohort (2.7% [2/73] affected vs 0.2% [2/840] unaffected patients; OR, 11.8 [95% CI, 1.6 to 85.0], P = .03). Carriage of any of 3 coding NUDT15 variants was associated with an increased risk (OR, 27.3 [95% CI, 9.3 to 116.7], P = 1.1 × 10-7) of TIM, independent of TPMT genotype and thiopurine dose. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients of European ancestry with IBD, variants in NUDT15 were associated with increased risk of TIM. These findings suggest that NUDT15 genotyping may be considered prior to initiation of thiopurine therapy; however, further study including additional validation in independent cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J. Walker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | | | - Graham A. Heap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Michiel D. Voskuil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Medical Department, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Antoine Hospital and Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | | | - Andy T. Cole
- Derby Digestive Diseases Centre, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, England
| | - Fraser R. Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Eleonora A. M. Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy H. Florin
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel R. Gaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Ailsa L. Hart
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, England
| | - Neel M. Heerasing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Peter Hendy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Peter M. Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | | | - Jukka Koskela
- Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James O. Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - John C. Mansfield
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Richard C. G. Pollok
- Department of Gastroenterology, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, Tooting, England
| | - Subramaniam Ramakrishnan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Services, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, England
| | - David S. Rampton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, England
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Richard K. Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Shaji Sebastian
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, England
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Antoine Hospital and Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Abhey Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
| | - Kenji So
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
| | - Harry Sokol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Antoine Hospital and Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | | | - Anthony Todd
- Department of Haematology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ramnik Xavier
- Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Ward
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England
| | | | - James R. Goodhand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Nicholas A. Kennedy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, England
- IBD Pharmacogenetics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
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Wright CF, West B, Tuke M, Jones SE, Patel K, Laver TW, Beaumont RN, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Weedon MN. Assessing the Pathogenicity, Penetrance, and Expressivity of Putative Disease-Causing Variants in a Population Setting. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:275-286. [PMID: 30665703 PMCID: PMC6369448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100,000 genetic variants are classified as disease causing in public databases. However, the true penetrance of many of these rare alleles is uncertain and might be over-estimated by clinical ascertainment. Here, we use data from 379,768 UK Biobank (UKB) participants of European ancestry to assess the pathogenicity and penetrance of putatively clinically important rare variants. Although rare variants are harder to genotype accurately than common variants, we were able to classify as high quality 1,244 of 4,585 (27%) putatively clinically relevant rare (MAF < 1%) variants genotyped on the UKB microarray. We defined as "clinically relevant" variants that were classified as either pathogenic or likely pathogenic in ClinVar or are in genes known to cause two specific monogenic diseases: maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and severe developmental disorders (DDs). We assessed the penetrance and pathogenicity of these high-quality variants by testing their association with 401 clinically relevant traits. 27 of the variants were associated with a UKB trait, and we were able to refine the penetrance estimate for some of the variants. For example, the HNF4A c.340C>T (p.Arg114Trp) (GenBank: NM_175914.4) variant associated with diabetes is <10% penetrant by the time an individual is 40 years old. We also observed associations with relevant traits for heterozygous carriers of some rare recessive conditions, e.g., heterozygous carriers of the ERCC4 c.2395C>T (p.Arg799Trp) variant that causes Xeroderma pigmentosum were more susceptible to sunburn. Finally, we refute the previous disease association of RNF135 in developmental disorders. In conclusion, this study shows that very large population-based studies will help refine our understanding of the pathogenicity of rare genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Ben West
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Thomas W Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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Sharp SA, Rich SS, Wood AR, Jones SE, Beaumont RN, Harrison JW, Schneider DA, Locke JM, Tyrrell J, Weedon MN, Hagopian WA, Oram RA. Development and Standardization of an Improved Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score for Use in Newborn Screening and Incident Diagnosis. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:200-207. [PMID: 30655379 PMCID: PMC6341291 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously generated genetic risk scores (GRSs) for type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not captured all known information at non-HLA loci or, particularly, at HLA risk loci. We aimed to more completely incorporate HLA alleles, their interactions, and recently discovered non-HLA loci into an improved T1D GRS (termed the "T1D GRS2") to better discriminate diabetes subtypes and to predict T1D in newborn screening studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 6,481 case and 9,247 control subjects from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium, we analyzed variants associated with T1D both in the HLA region and across the genome. We modeled interactions between variants marking strongly associated HLA haplotypes and generated odds ratios to create the improved GRS, the T1D GRS2. We validated our findings in UK Biobank. We assessed the impact of the T1D GRS2 in newborn screening and diabetes classification and sought to provide a framework for comparison with previous scores. RESULTS The T1D GRS2 used 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and accounted for interactions between 18 HLA DR-DQ haplotype combinations. The T1D GRS2 was highly discriminative for all T1D (area under the curve [AUC] 0.92; P < 0.0001 vs. older scores) and even more discriminative for early-onset T1D (AUC 0.96). In simulated newborn screening, the T1D GRS2 was nearly twice as efficient as HLA genotyping alone and 50% better than current genetic scores in general population T1D prediction. CONCLUSIONS An improved T1D GRS, the T1D GRS2, is highly useful for classifying adult incident diabetes type and improving newborn screening. Given the cost-effectiveness of SNP genotyping, this approach has great clinical and research potential in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - James W Harrison
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Darius A Schneider
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan M Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Jess Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | | | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K.
- Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
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Karasik D, Zillikens MC, Hsu YH, Aghdassi A, Akesson K, Amin N, Barroso I, Bennett DA, Bertram L, Bochud M, Borecki IB, Broer L, Buchman AS, Byberg L, Campbell H, Campos-Obando N, Cauley JA, Cawthon PM, Chambers JC, Chen Z, Cho NH, Choi HJ, Chou WC, Cummings SR, de Groot LCPGM, De Jager PL, Demuth I, Diatchenko L, Econs MJ, Eiriksdottir G, Enneman AW, Eriksson J, Eriksson JG, Estrada K, Evans DS, Feitosa MF, Fu M, Gieger C, Grallert H, Gudnason V, Lenore LJ, Hayward C, Hofman A, Homuth G, Huffman KM, Husted LB, Illig T, Ingelsson E, Ittermann T, Jansson JO, Johnson T, Biffar R, Jordan JM, Jula A, Karlsson M, Khaw KT, Kilpeläinen TO, Klopp N, Kloth JSL, Koller DL, Kooner JS, Kraus WE, Kritchevsky S, Kutalik Z, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lahti J, Lang T, Langdahl BL, Lerch MM, Lewis JR, Lill C, Lind L, Lindgren C, Liu Y, Livshits G, Ljunggren Ö, Loos RJF, Lorentzon M, Luan J, Luben RN, Malkin I, McGuigan FE, Medina-Gomez C, Meitinger T, Melhus H, Mellström D, Michaëlsson K, Mitchell BD, Morris AP, Mosekilde L, Nethander M, Newman AB, O'Connell JR, Oostra BA, Orwoll ES, Palotie A, Peacock M, Perola M, Peters A, Prince RL, Psaty BM, Räikkönen K, Ralston SH, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Robbins JA, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Satterfield S, Schipf S, Shin CS, Smith AV, Smith SB, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Stančáková A, Stefansson K, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Stolk L, Streeten EA, Styrkarsdottir U, Swart KMA, Thompson P, Thomson CA, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tikkanen E, Tranah GJ, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, van Schoor NM, Vandenput L, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Wactawski-Wende J, Walker M, J Wareham N, Waterworth D, Weedon MN, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Williams FMK, Wilson JF, Wright NC, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Yu L, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhou Y, Nielson CM, Harris TB, Demissie S, Kiel DP, Ohlsson C. Disentangling the genetics of lean mass. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:276-287. [PMID: 30721968 PMCID: PMC6500901 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lean body mass (LM) plays an important role in mobility and metabolic function. We previously identified five loci associated with LM adjusted for fat mass in kilograms. Such an adjustment may reduce the power to identify genetic signals having an association with both lean mass and fat mass. Objectives To determine the impact of different fat mass adjustments on genetic architecture of LM and identify additional LM loci. Methods We performed genome-wide association analyses for whole-body LM (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, age2, and height with or without fat mass adjustments (Model 1 no fat adjustment; Model 2 adjustment for fat mass as a percentage of body mass; Model 3 adjustment for fat mass in kilograms). Results Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in separate loci, including one novel LM locus (TNRC6B), were successfully replicated in an additional 47,227 individuals from 29 cohorts. Based on the strengths of the associations in Model 1 vs Model 3, we divided the LM loci into those with an effect on both lean mass and fat mass in the same direction and refer to those as "sumo wrestler" loci (FTO and MC4R). In contrast, loci with an impact specifically on LM were termed "body builder" loci (VCAN and ADAMTSL3). Using existing available genome-wide association study databases, LM increasing alleles of SNPs in sumo wrestler loci were associated with an adverse metabolic profile, whereas LM increasing alleles of SNPs in "body builder" loci were associated with metabolic protection. Conclusions In conclusion, we identified one novel LM locus (TNRC6B). Our results suggest that a genetically determined increase in lean mass might exert either harmful or protective effects on metabolic traits, depending on its relation to fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ali Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristina Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Murielle Bochud
- University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - John C Chambers
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhao Chen
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Korea
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Phillip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Anke W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics
| | - Mao Fu
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology
- Institute of Epidemiology II
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology
- Institute of Epidemiology II
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- CCG Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Holtasmari, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Launer J Lenore
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, NIA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Lise B Husted
- Aarhus University Hospital, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toby Johnson
- University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Centre of Oral Health, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Science, Hammersmith Campus, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Helsinki Collegium Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Lang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and School of Dentistry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Aarhus University Hospital, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christina Lill
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Lars Lind
- Department. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine
- Institute of Child Health and Development
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert N Luben
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Malkin
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center—Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leif Mosekilde
- Aarhus University Hospital, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffery R O'Connell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology & Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology
- Institute of Epidemiology II
| | - Richard L Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University California at Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomic and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association Holtasmari, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Shad B Smith
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center—Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the EMGO+ Institute; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology & Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the EMGO+ Institute; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology II
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole C Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, NIA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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78
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Patel KA, Weedon MN, Shields BM, Pearson ER, Hattersley AT, McDonald TJ. Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibodies (ZnT8A) and a Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Can Exclude Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes From Inappropriate Genetic Testing for Monogenic Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:e16-e17. [PMID: 30409810 PMCID: PMC6984957 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Beverley M Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
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79
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Jones SE, Lane JM, Wood AR, van Hees VT, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Jeffries AR, Dashti HS, Hillsdon M, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Sharp SA, Jie Y, Thompson WD, Harrison JW, Dawes A, Byrne EM, Tiemeier H, Allebrandt KV, Bowden J, Ray DW, Freathy RM, Murray A, Mazzotti DR, Gehrman PR, Lawlor DA, Frayling TM, Rutter MK, Hinds DA, Saxena R, Weedon MN. Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697,828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 30696823 PMCID: PMC6351539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a morning person is a behavioural indicator of a person’s underlying circadian rhythm. Using genome-wide data from 697,828 UK Biobank and 23andMe participants we increase the number of genetic loci associated with being a morning person from 24 to 351. Using data from 85,760 individuals with activity-monitor derived measures of sleep timing we find that the chronotype loci associate with sleep timing: the mean sleep timing of the 5% of individuals carrying the most morningness alleles is 25 min earlier than the 5% carrying the fewest. The loci are enriched for genes involved in circadian regulation, cAMP, glutamate and insulin signalling pathways, and those expressed in the retina, hindbrain, hypothalamus, and pituitary. Using Mendelian Randomisation, we show that being a morning person is causally associated with better mental health but does not affect BMI or risk of Type 2 diabetes. This study offers insights into circadian biology and its links to disease in humans. GWAS have previously found 24 genomic loci associated with chronotype, an individual’s preference for early or late sleep timing. Here, the authors identify 327 additional loci in a sample of 697,828 individuals and further explore the relationships of chronotype with metabolic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Aaron R Jeffries
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingjie Jie
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - William D Thompson
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie W Harrison
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Amy Dawes
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Enda M Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, GE, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, GD, Netherlands
| | - Karla V Allebrandt
- Department of Translational Informatics, Translational Medicine Early Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, 65926, Germany
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 0JE, UK
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe Inc., 899W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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80
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Beaumont RN, Warrington NM, Cavadino A, Tyrrell J, Nodzenski M, Horikoshi M, Geller F, Myhre R, Richmond RC, Paternoster L, Bradfield JP, Kreiner-Møller E, Huikari V, Metrustry S, Lunetta KL, Painter JN, Hottenga JJ, Allard C, Barton SJ, Espinosa A, Marsh JA, Potter C, Zhang G, Ang W, Berry DJ, Bouchard L, Das S, Hakonarson H, Heikkinen J, Helgeland Ø, Hocher B, Hofman A, Inskip HM, Jones SE, Kogevinas M, Lind PA, Marullo L, Medland SE, Murray A, Murray JC, Njølstad PR, Nohr EA, Reichetzeder C, Ring SM, Ruth KS, Santa-Marina L, Scholtens DM, Sebert S, Sengpiel V, Tuke MA, Vaudel M, Weedon MN, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Yaghootkar H, Muglia LJ, Bartels M, Relton CL, Pennell CE, Chatzi L, Estivill X, Holloway JW, Boomsma DI, Montgomery GW, Murabito JM, Spector TD, Power C, Järvelin MR, Bisgaard H, Grant SFA, Sørensen TIA, Jaddoe VW, Jacobsson B, Melbye M, McCarthy MI, Hattersley AT, Hayes MG, Frayling TM, Hivert MF, Felix JF, Hyppönen E, Lowe WL, Evans DM, Lawlor DA, Feenstra B, Freathy RM. Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:742-756. [PMID: 29309628 PMCID: PMC5886200 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother–child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P < 5 × 10−8. In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.,European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, The Knowledge Spa, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Michael Nodzenski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronny Myhre
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eskil Kreiner-Møller
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ville Huikari
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sarah Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheila J Barton
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie A Marsh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Catherine Potter
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ge Zhang
- Human Genetics Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.,March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wei Ang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Diane J Berry
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Shikta Das
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jani Heikkinen
- FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berthold Hocher
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Genetic Section, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Anna Murray
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph Reichetzeder
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria BIODONOSTIA, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Verena Sengpiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.,March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meike Bartels
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Craig E Pennell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marjo-Ritta Järvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland.,Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent W Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Diabetes Center, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for School of Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M Evans
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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81
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Bovijn J, Jackson L, Censin J, Chen CY, Laisk T, Laber S, Ferreira T, Pulit SL, Glastonbury CA, Smoller JW, Harrison JW, Ruth KS, Beaumont RN, Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Mägi R, Neale B, Lindgren CM, Murray A, Holmes MV. GWAS Identifies Risk Locus for Erectile Dysfunction and Implicates Hypothalamic Neurobiology and Diabetes in Etiology. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:157-163. [PMID: 30583798 PMCID: PMC6323625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting more than 20% of men over 60 years, yet little is known about its genetic architecture. We performed a genome-wide association study of ED in 6,175 case subjects among 223,805 European men and identified one locus at 6q16.3 (lead variant rs57989773, OR 1.20 per C-allele; p = 5.71 × 10−14), located between MCHR2 and SIM1. In silico analysis suggests SIM1 to confer ED risk through hypothalamic dysregulation. Mendelian randomization provides evidence that genetic risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a cause of ED (OR 1.11 per 1-log unit higher risk of type 2 diabetes). These findings provide insights into the biological underpinnings and the causes of ED and may help prioritize the development of future therapies for this common disorder.
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82
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Ji Y, Yiorkas AM, Frau F, Mook-Kanamori D, Staiger H, Thomas EL, Atabaki-Pasdar N, Campbell A, Tyrrell J, Jones SE, Beaumont RN, Wood AR, Tuke MA, Ruth KS, Mahajan A, Murray A, Freathy RM, Weedon MN, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Machann J, Häring HU, Franks P, de Mutsert R, Pearson E, Stefan N, Frayling TM, Allebrandt KV, Bell JD, Blakemore AI, Yaghootkar H. Genome-Wide and Abdominal MRI Data Provide Evidence That a Genetically Determined Favorable Adiposity Phenotype Is Characterized by Lower Ectopic Liver Fat and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Hypertension. Diabetes 2019; 68:207-219. [PMID: 30352878 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have identified alleles associated with opposite effects on adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify more of these variants and test the hypothesis that such favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous fat and lower ectopic fat. We combined MRI data with genome-wide association studies of body fat percentage (%) and metabolic traits. We report 14 alleles, including 7 newly characterized alleles, associated with higher adiposity but a favorable metabolic profile. Consistent with previous studies, individuals carrying more favorable adiposity alleles had higher body fat % and higher BMI but lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. These individuals also had higher subcutaneous fat but lower liver fat and a lower visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. Individual alleles associated with higher body fat % but lower liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes included those in PPARG, GRB14, and IRS1, whereas the allele in ANKRD55 was paradoxically associated with higher visceral fat but lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Most identified favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous and lower liver fat, a mechanism consistent with the beneficial effects of storing excess triglycerides in metabolically low-risk depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrianos M Yiorkas
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K
| | - Francesca Frau
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, TMED Translational Informatics, Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Naeimeh Atabaki-Pasdar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, U.K
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Karla V Allebrandt
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, TMED Translational Informatics, Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K.
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83
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Tuke MA, Ruth KS, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Tyrrell J, Jones SE, Yaghootkar H, Turner CLS, Donohoe ME, Brooke AM, Collinson MN, Freathy RM, Weedon MN, Frayling TM, Murray A. Response to Prakash et al. Genet Med 2018; 21:1884-1885. [PMID: 30573795 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Claire L S Turner
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Mollie E Donohoe
- Macleod Diabetes & Endocrine Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Antonia M Brooke
- Macleod Diabetes & Endocrine Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Morag N Collinson
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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84
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Locke JM, Saint-Martin C, Laver TW, Patel KA, Wood AR, Sharp SA, Ellard S, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Hattersley AT, Harries LW, Weedon MN. The Common HNF1A Variant I27L Is a Modifier of Age at Diabetes Diagnosis in Individuals With HNF1A-MODY. Diabetes 2018; 67:1903-1907. [PMID: 29895593 PMCID: PMC6109380 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is wide variation in the age at diagnosis of diabetes in individuals with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to a mutation in the HNF1A gene. We hypothesized that common variants at the HNF1A locus (rs1169288 [I27L], rs1800574 [A98V]), which are associated with type 2 diabetes susceptibility, may modify age at diabetes diagnosis in individuals with HNF1A-MODY. Meta-analysis of two independent cohorts, comprising 781 individuals with HNF1A-MODY, found no significant associations between genotype and age at diagnosis. However after stratifying according to type of mutation (protein-truncating variant [PTV] or missense), we found each 27L allele to be associated with a 1.6-year decrease (95% CI -2.6, -0.7) in age at diagnosis, specifically in the subset (n = 444) of individuals with a PTV. The effect size was similar and significant across the two independent cohorts of individuals with HNF1A-MODY. We report a robust genetic modifier of HNF1A-MODY age at diagnosis that further illustrates the strong effect of genetic variation within HNF1A upon diabetes phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
| | - Cécile Saint-Martin
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas W Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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85
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Dennis JM, Henley WE, Weedon MN, Lonergan M, Rodgers LR, Jones AG, Hamilton WT, Sattar N, Janmohamed S, Holman RR, Pearson ER, Shields BM, Hattersley AT, Angwin C, Cruickshank KJ, Farmer AJ, Gough SC, Gray AM, Hyde C, Jennison C, Walker M. Sex and BMI Alter the Benefits and Risks of Sulfonylureas and Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes: A Framework for Evaluating Stratification Using Routine Clinical and Individual Trial Data. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1844-1853. [PMID: 30072404 PMCID: PMC6591127 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The choice of therapy for type 2 diabetes after metformin is guided by overall estimates of glycemic response and side effects seen in large cohorts. A stratified approach to therapy would aim to improve on this by identifying subgroups of patients whose glycemic response or risk of side effects differs markedly. We assessed whether simple clinical characteristics could identify patients with differing glycemic response and side effects with sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 22,379 patients starting sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione therapy in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to identify features associated with increased 1-year HbA1c fall with one therapy class and reduced fall with the second. We then assessed whether prespecified patient subgroups defined by the differential clinical factors showed differing 5-year glycemic response and side effects with sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones using individual randomized trial data from ADOPT (A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial) (first-line therapy, n = 2,725) and RECORD (Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Regulation of Glycemia in Diabetes) (second-line therapy, n = 2,222). Further replication was conducted using routine clinical data from GoDARTS (Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland) (n = 1,977). RESULTS In CPRD, male sex and lower BMI were associated with greater glycemic response with sulfonylureas and a lesser response with thiazolidinediones (both P < 0.001). In ADOPT and RECORD, nonobese males had a greater overall HbA1c reduction with sulfonylureas than with thiazolidinediones (P < 0.001); in contrast, obese females had a greater HbA1c reduction with thiazolidinediones than with sulfonylureas (P < 0.001). Weight gain and edema risk with thiazolidinediones were greatest in obese females; however, hypoglycemia risk with sulfonylureas was similar across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Patient subgroups defined by sex and BMI have different patterns of benefits and risks on thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea therapy. Subgroup-specific estimates can inform discussion about the choice of therapy after metformin for an individual patient. Our approach using routine and shared trial data provides a framework for future stratification research in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Dennis
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - William E. Henley
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Mike Lonergan
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, U.K
| | - Lauren R. Rodgers
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Angus G. Jones
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
- Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
| | - William T. Hamilton
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Rury R. Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Ewan R. Pearson
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, U.K
| | - Beverley M. Shields
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
- Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
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86
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, 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P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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87
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Laver TW, Patel KA, Colclough K, Curran J, Dale J, Davis N, Savage DB, Flanagan SE, Ellard S, Hattersley AT, Weedon MN. PLIN1 Haploinsufficiency Is Not Associated With Lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3225-3230. [PMID: 30020498 PMCID: PMC6126890 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Monogenic partial lipodystrophy is a genetically heterogeneous disease where only variants with specific genetic mechanisms are causative. Three heterozygous protein extending frameshift variants in PLIN1 have been reported to cause a phenotype of partial lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We investigated if null variants in PLIN1 cause lipodystrophy. METHODS As part of a targeted sequencing panel test, we sequenced PLIN1 in 2208 individuals. We also investigated the frequency of PLIN1 variants in the gnomAD database, and the type 2 diabetes knowledge portal. RESULTS We identified 6/2208 (1 in 368) individuals with a PLIN1 null variant. None of these individuals had clinical or biochemical evidence of overt lipodystrophy. Additionally, 14/17,000 (1 in 1214) individuals with PLIN1 null variants in the type 2 diabetes knowledge portal showed no association with biomarkers of lipodystrophy. PLIN1 null variants occur too frequently in gnomAD (126/138,632; 1 in 1100) to be a cause of rare overt monogenic partial lipodystrophy. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that heterozygous variants that are predicted to result in PLIN1 haploinsufficiency are not a cause of familial partial lipodystrophy and should not be reported as disease-causing variants by diagnostic genetic testing laboratories. This finding is in keeping with other known monogenic causes of lipodystrophy, such as PPARG and LMNA, where only variants with specific genetic mechanisms cause lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Laver
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Thomas W. Laver, PhD, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, RILD Building Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Curran
- Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane Dale
- The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki Davis
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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88
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van Hees VT, Sabia S, Jones SE, Wood AR, Anderson KN, Kivimäki M, Frayling TM, Pack AI, Bucan M, Trenell MI, Mazzotti DR, Gehrman PR, Singh-Manoux BA, Weedon MN. Estimating sleep parameters using an accelerometer without sleep diary. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12975. [PMID: 30154500 PMCID: PMC6113241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wrist worn raw-data accelerometers are used increasingly in large-scale population research. We examined whether sleep parameters can be estimated from these data in the absence of sleep diaries. Our heuristic algorithm uses the variance in estimated z-axis angle and makes basic assumptions about sleep interruptions. Detected sleep period time window (SPT-window) was compared against sleep diary in 3752 participants (range = 60-82 years) and polysomnography in sleep clinic patients (N = 28) and in healthy good sleepers (N = 22). The SPT-window derived from the algorithm was 10.9 and 2.9 minutes longer compared with sleep diary in men and women, respectively. Mean C-statistic to detect the SPT-window compared to polysomnography was 0.86 and 0.83 in clinic-based and healthy sleepers, respectively. We demonstrated the accuracy of our algorithm to detect the SPT-window. The value of this algorithm lies in studies such as UK Biobank where a sleep diary was not used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Sabia
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - S E Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, Genetics of Complex Traits, Exeter, UK
| | - A R Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, Genetics of Complex Traits, Exeter, UK
| | - K N Anderson
- Regional Sleep Service, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - T M Frayling
- University of Exeter Medical School, Genetics of Complex Traits, Exeter, UK
| | - A I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Bucan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M I Trenell
- Movelab, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B A Singh-Manoux
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - M N Weedon
- University of Exeter Medical School, Genetics of Complex Traits, Exeter, UK
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89
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Roshandel D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Bull SB, Canty AJ, Pezzolesi MG, King GL, Keenan HA, Snell-Bergeon JK, Maahs DM, Klein R, Klein BEK, Orchard TJ, Costacou T, Weedon MN, Oram RA, Paterson AD. Meta-genome-wide association studies identify a locus on chromosome 1 and multiple variants in the MHC region for serum C-peptide in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1098-1111. [PMID: 29404672 PMCID: PMC5876265 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with beta cell function in type 1 diabetes, as measured by serum C-peptide levels, through meta-genome-wide association studies (meta-GWAS). METHODS We performed a meta-GWAS to combine the results from five studies in type 1 diabetes with cross-sectionally measured stimulated, fasting or random C-peptide levels, including 3479 European participants. The p values across studies were combined, taking into account sample size and direction of effect. We also performed separate meta-GWAS for stimulated (n = 1303), fasting (n = 2019) and random (n = 1497) C-peptide levels. RESULTS In the meta-GWAS for stimulated/fasting/random C-peptide levels, a SNP on chromosome 1, rs559047 (Chr1:238753916, T>A, minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.24-0.26), was associated with C-peptide (p = 4.13 × 10-8), meeting the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10-8). In the same meta-GWAS, a locus in the MHC region (rs9260151) was close to the genome-wide significance threshold (Chr6:29911030, C>T, MAF 0.07-0.10, p = 8.43 × 10-8). In the stimulated C-peptide meta-GWAS, rs61211515 (Chr6:30100975, T/-, MAF 0.17-0.19) in the MHC region was associated with stimulated C-peptide (β [SE] = - 0.39 [0.07], p = 9.72 × 10-8). rs61211515 was also associated with the rate of stimulated C-peptide decline over time in a subset of individuals (n = 258) with annual repeated measures for up to 6 years (p = 0.02). In the meta-GWAS of random C-peptide, another MHC region, SNP rs3135002 (Chr6:32668439, C>A, MAF 0.02-0.06), was associated with C-peptide (p = 3.49 × 10-8). Conditional analyses suggested that the three identified variants in the MHC region were independent of each other. rs9260151 and rs3135002 have been associated with type 1 diabetes, whereas rs559047 and rs61211515 have not been associated with a risk of developing type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We identified a locus on chromosome 1 and multiple variants in the MHC region, at least some of which were distinct from type 1 diabetes risk loci, that were associated with C-peptide, suggesting partly non-overlapping mechanisms for the development and progression of type 1 diabetes. These associations need to be validated in independent populations. Further investigations could provide insights into mechanisms of beta cell loss and opportunities to preserve beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H3, Canada
| | | | - Shelley B Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angelo J Canty
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus G Pezzolesi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Metabolism Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David M Maahs
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Richard A Oram
- Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H3, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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90
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Dashti HS, Jones S, Lane JM, Wang H, Song Y, Patel K, Gill S, Gottlieb D, Tiemeier H, Ray DW, Frayling TM, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Saxena R. 0013 Genome-wide Association Analysis Identifies >75 Genetic Loci Associated With Sleep Duration In UK Biobank Participants. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H S Dashti
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - J M Lane
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - H Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Y Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - K Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S Gill
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - D Gottlieb
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - H Tiemeier
- Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - D W Ray
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - T M Frayling
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M K Rutter
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M N Weedon
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - R Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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91
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Mazzotti DR, Jones SE, van Hees V, Pack AI, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Gehrman PR, Wood AR. 0055 Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Accelerometer-Derived Traits Reveals Novel Genetic Loci Associated with Rest-Activity Patterns in the UK Biobank. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S E Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - V van Hees
- Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdan, NETHERLANDS
| | - A I Pack
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T M Frayling
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M N Weedon
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - P R Gehrman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A R Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
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92
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Wang H, Lane JM, Dashti HS, Jones S, Cade BE, Song Y, Patel K, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Redline S, Saxena R. 0014 Genome-wide Association Analysis Of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness In The Uk Biobank Identifies 42 Novel Loci. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorder, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - J M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - H S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - B E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorder, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Y Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - K Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - T M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - D A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - M K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - S Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorder, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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93
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Sharp SA, Weedon MN, Hagopian WA, Oram RA. Clinical and research uses of genetic risk scores in type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 50:96-102. [PMID: 29702327 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease of high blood glucose caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells eventually resulting in severe insulin deficiency. T1D has a significant heritable risk. Genetic associations found are particularly strong in the HLA class II region but T1D is a polygenic disease associated with over 60 loci across the genome. Polygenic risk scores are one method of summing these genetic risk elements as a single continuous variable. This review discusses the clinical and research utility of genetic risk scores in T1D particularly in disease prediction and progression. We also explore creative uses of genetic risk scores in big data and the limitations of using a genetic risk score. The increase in publically available genetic data and rapid fall in costs of genotyping mean that a T1D genetic risk score (T1D GRS) is likely to prove useful for disease prediction, discrimination, investigation of unusual cohorts, and investigation of biology in large datasets where genetic data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK; The Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
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94
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Frayling TM, Beaumont RN, Jones SE, Yaghootkar H, Tuke MA, Ruth KS, Casanova F, West B, Locke J, Sharp S, Ji Y, Thompson W, Harrison J, Etheridge AS, Gallins PJ, Jima D, Wright F, Zhou Y, Innocenti F, Lindgren CM, Grarup N, Murray A, Freathy RM, Weedon MN, Tyrrell J, Wood AR. A Common Allele in FGF21 Associated with Sugar Intake Is Associated with Body Shape, Lower Total Body-Fat Percentage, and Higher Blood Pressure. Cell Rep 2018; 23:327-336. [PMID: 29641994 PMCID: PMC5912948 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that has insulin-sensitizing properties. Some trials of FGF21 analogs show weight loss and lipid-lowering effects. Recent studies have shown that a common allele in the FGF21 gene alters the balance of macronutrients consumed, but there was little evidence of an effect on metabolic traits. We studied a common FGF21 allele (A:rs838133) in 451,099 people from the UK Biobank study, aiming to use the human allele to inform potential adverse and beneficial effects of targeting FGF21. We replicated the association between the A allele and higher percentage carbohydrate intake. We then showed that this allele is more strongly associated with higher blood pressure and waist-hip ratio, despite an association with lower total body-fat percentage, than it is with BMI or type 2 diabetes. These human phenotypes of variation in the FGF21 gene will inform research into FGF21's mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Francesco Casanova
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Diabetes and Vascular Research Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ben West
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jonathan Locke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seth Sharp
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - William Thompson
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie Harrison
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Amy S Etheridge
- The University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Gallins
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dereje Jima
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fred Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- The University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, The Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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Dennis JM, Shields BM, Hill AV, Knight BA, McDonald TJ, Rodgers LR, Weedon MN, Henley WE, Sattar N, Holman RR, Pearson ER, Hattersley AT, Jones AG. Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Markers of Insulin Resistance Are Associated With Altered Short- and Long-term Glycemic Response to DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:705-712. [PMID: 29386249 PMCID: PMC6591121 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A precision approach to type 2 diabetes therapy would aim to target treatment according to patient characteristics. We examined if measures of insulin resistance and secretion were associated with glycemic response to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated whether markers of insulin resistance and insulin secretion were associated with 6-month glycemic response in a prospective study of noninsulin-treated participants starting DPP-4 inhibitor therapy (Predicting Response to Incretin Based Agents [PRIBA] study; n = 254), with replication for routinely available markers in U.K. electronic health care records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]; n = 23,001). In CPRD, we evaluated associations between baseline markers and 3-year durability of response. To test the specificity of findings, we repeated analyses for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (PRIBA, n = 339; CPRD, n = 4,464). RESULTS In PRIBA, markers of higher insulin resistance (higher fasting C-peptide [P = 0.03], HOMA2 insulin resistance [P = 0.01], and triglycerides [P < 0.01]) were associated with reduced 6-month HbA1c response to DPP-4 inhibitors. In CPRD, higher triglycerides and BMI were associated with reduced HbA1c response (both P < 0.01). A subgroup defined by obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and high triglycerides (≥2.3 mmol/L) had reduced 6-month response in both data sets (PRIBA HbA1c reduction 5.3 [95% CI 1.8, 8.6] mmol/mol [0.5%] [obese and high triglycerides] vs. 11.3 [8.4, 14.1] mmol/mol [1.0%] [nonobese and normal triglycerides]; P = 0.01). In CPRD, the obese, high- triglycerides subgroup also had less durable response (hazard ratio 1.28 [1.16, 1.41]; P < 0.001). There was no association between markers of insulin resistance and response to GLP-1 receptor agonists. CONCLUSIONS Markers of higher insulin resistance are consistently associated with reduced glycemic response to DPP-4 inhibitors. This finding provides a starting point for the application of a precision diabetes approach to DPP-4 inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dennis
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Beverley M Shields
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Anita V Hill
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Bridget A Knight
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Timothy J McDonald
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K.,Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Lauren R Rodgers
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - William E Henley
- Health Statistics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rury R Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Angus G Jones
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K.
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Bonifacio E, Beyerlein A, Hippich M, Winkler C, Vehik K, Weedon MN, Laimighofer M, Hattersley AT, Krumsiek J, Frohnert BI, Steck AK, Hagopian WA, Krischer JP, Lernmark Å, Rewers MJ, She JX, Toppari J, Akolkar B, Oram RA, Rich SS, Ziegler AG. Genetic scores to stratify risk of developing multiple islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes: A prospective study in children. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002548. [PMID: 29614081 PMCID: PMC5882115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 0.3% of newborns will develop autoimmunity to pancreatic beta cells in childhood and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes before adulthood. Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes will require early intervention in genetically at-risk infants. The objective of this study was to determine to what extent genetic scores (two previous genetic scores and a merged genetic score) can improve the prediction of type 1 diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study followed genetically at-risk children at 3- to 6-monthly intervals from birth for the development of islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes. Infants were enrolled between 1 September 2004 and 28 February 2010 and monitored until 31 May 2016. The risk (positive predictive value) for developing multiple islet autoantibodies (pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes) and type 1 diabetes was determined in 4,543 children who had no first-degree relatives with type 1 diabetes and either a heterozygous HLA DR3 and DR4-DQ8 risk genotype or a homozygous DR4-DQ8 genotype, and in 3,498 of these children in whom genetic scores were calculated from 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In the children with the HLA risk genotypes, risk for developing multiple islet autoantibodies was 5.8% (95% CI 5.0%-6.6%) by age 6 years, and risk for diabetes by age 10 years was 3.7% (95% CI 3.0%-4.4%). Risk for developing multiple islet autoantibodies was 11.0% (95% CI 8.7%-13.3%) in children with a merged genetic score of >14.4 (upper quartile; n = 907) compared to 4.1% (95% CI 3.3%-4.9%, P < 0.001) in children with a genetic score of ≤14.4 (n = 2,591). Risk for developing diabetes by age 10 years was 7.6% (95% CI 5.3%-9.9%) in children with a merged score of >14.4 compared with 2.7% (95% CI 1.9%-3.6%) in children with a score of ≤14.4 (P < 0.001). Of 173 children with multiple islet autoantibodies by age 6 years and 107 children with diabetes by age 10 years, 82 (sensitivity, 47.4%; 95% CI 40.1%-54.8%) and 52 (sensitivity, 48.6%, 95% CI 39.3%-60.0%), respectively, had a score >14.4. Scores were higher in European versus US children (P = 0.003). In children with a merged score of >14.4, risk for multiple islet autoantibodies was similar and consistently >10% in Europe and in the US; risk was greater in males than in females (P = 0.01). Limitations of the study include that the genetic scores were originally developed from case-control studies of clinical diabetes in individuals of mainly European decent. It is, therefore, possible that it may not be suitable to all populations. CONCLUSIONS A type 1 diabetes genetic score identified infants without family history of type 1 diabetes who had a greater than 10% risk for pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes, and a nearly 2-fold higher risk than children identified by high-risk HLA genotypes alone. This finding extends the possibilities for enrolling children into type 1 diabetes primary prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Bonifacio
- DFG–Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyerlein
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Hippich
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Winkler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Laimighofer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte I. Frohnert
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - William A. Hagopian
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Marian J. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- National Institute for Health Research, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Anette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Thomas NJ, Jones SE, Weedon MN, Shields BM, Hattersley AT, Oram RA. Genetic risk scores in adult-onset type 1 diabetes - Authors' reply. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:169. [PMID: 29475496 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Thomas
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Beverley M Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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Thomas NJ, Jones SE, Weedon MN, Shields BM, Oram RA, Hattersley AT. Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six decades of life: a cross-sectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK Biobank. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:122-129. [PMID: 29199115 PMCID: PMC5805861 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is typically considered a disease of children and young adults. Genetic susceptibility to young-onset type 1 diabetes is well defined and does not predispose to type 2 diabetes. It is not known how frequently genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes leads to a diagnosis of diabetes after age 30 years. We aimed to investigate the frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes resulting from high genetic susceptibility in the first six decades of life. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, we used a type 1 diabetes genetic risk score based on 29 common variants to identify individuals of white European descent in UK Biobank in the half of the population with high or low genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to evaluate the number of cases of diabetes in both groups in the first six decades of life. We genetically defined type 1 diabetes as the additional cases of diabetes that occurred in the high genetic susceptibility group compared with the low genetic susceptibility group. All remaining cases were defined as type 2 diabetes. We assessed the clinical characteristics of the groups with genetically defined type 1 or type 2 diabetes. FINDINGS 13 250 (3·5%) of 379 511 white European individuals in UK Biobank had developed diabetes in the first six decades of life. 1286 more cases of diabetes were in the half of the population with high genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes than in the half of the population with low genetic susceptibility. These genetically defined cases of type 1 diabetes were distributed across all ages of diagnosis; 537 (42%) were in individuals diagnosed when aged 31-60 years, representing 4% (537/12 233) of all diabetes cases diagnosed after age 30 years. The clinical characteristics of the group diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when aged 31-60 years were similar to the clinical characteristics of the group diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when aged 30 years or younger. For individuals diagnosed with diabetes when aged 31-60 years, the clinical characteristics of type 1 diabetes differed from those of type 2 diabetes: they had a lower BMI (27·4 kg/m2 [95% CI 26·7-28·0] vs 32·4 kg/m2 [32·2-32·5]; p<0·0001), were more likely to use insulin in the first year after diagnosis (89% [476/537] vs 6% [648/11 696]; p<0·0001), and were more likely to have diabetic ketoacidosis (11% [61/537] vs 0·3% [30/11 696]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes results in non-obesity-related, insulin-dependent diabetes, which presents throughout the first six decades of life. Our results highlight the difficulty of identifying type 1 diabetes after age 30 years because of the increasing background prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Failure to diagnose late-onset type 1 diabetes can have serious consequences because these patients rapidly develop insulin dependency. FUNDING Wellcome Trust and Diabetes UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Thomas
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Beverley M Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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99
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Zillikens MC, Demissie S, Hsu YH, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Chou WC, Stolk L, Livshits G, Broer L, Johnson T, Koller DL, Kutalik Z, Luan J, Malkin I, Ried JS, Smith AV, Thorleifsson G, Vandenput L, Hua Zhao J, Zhang W, Aghdassi A, Åkesson K, Amin N, Baier LJ, Barroso I, Bennett DA, Bertram L, Biffar R, Bochud M, Boehnke M, Borecki IB, Buchman AS, Byberg L, Campbell H, Campos Obanda N, Cauley JA, Cawthon PM, Cederberg H, Chen Z, Cho NH, Jin Choi H, Claussnitzer M, Collins F, Cummings SR, De Jager PL, Demuth I, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Diatchenko L, Eiriksdottir G, Enneman AW, Erdos M, Eriksson JG, Eriksson J, Estrada K, Evans DS, Feitosa MF, Fu M, Garcia M, Gieger C, Girke T, Glazer NL, Grallert H, Grewal J, Han BG, Hanson RL, Hayward C, Hofman A, Hoffman EP, Homuth G, Hsueh WC, Hubal MJ, Hubbard A, Huffman KM, Husted LB, Illig T, Ingelsson E, Ittermann T, Jansson JO, Jordan JM, Jula A, Karlsson M, Khaw KT, Kilpeläinen TO, Klopp N, Kloth JSL, Koistinen HA, Kraus WE, Kritchevsky S, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lahti J, Lang T, Langdahl BL, Launer LJ, Lee JY, Lerch MM, Lewis JR, Lind L, Lindgren C, Liu Y, Liu T, Liu Y, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Luben RN, Maixner W, McGuigan FE, Medina-Gomez C, Meitinger T, Melhus H, Mellström D, Melov S, Michaëlsson K, Mitchell BD, Morris AP, Mosekilde L, Newman A, Nielson CM, O'Connell JR, Oostra BA, Orwoll ES, Palotie A, Parker SCJ, Peacock M, Perola M, Peters A, Polasek O, Prince RL, Räikkönen K, Ralston SH, Ripatti S, Robbins JA, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Satterfield S, Schadt EE, Schipf S, Scott L, Sehmi J, Shen J, Soo Shin C, Sigurdsson G, Smith S, Soranzo N, Stančáková A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Streeten EA, Styrkarsdottir U, Swart KMA, Tan ST, Tarnopolsky MA, Thompson P, Thomson CA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tikkanen E, Tranah GJ, Tuomilehto J, van Schoor NM, Verma A, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Wactawski-Wende J, Walker M, Weedon MN, Welch R, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Williams FMK, Wilson JF, Wright NC, Xie W, Yu L, Zhou Y, Chambers JC, Döring A, van Duijn CM, Econs MJ, Gudnason V, Kooner JS, Psaty BM, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Ossowski V, Waterworth D, Loos RJF, Karasik D, Harris TB, Ohlsson C, Kiel DP. Erratum: Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1414. [PMID: 29116125 PMCID: PMC5676783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Toby Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Ida Malkin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Janina S Ried
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Ali Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Kristina Åkesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 22362, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, S-205 02, Sweden
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.,Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Experimental & Integrative Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Rainer Biffar
- Centre of Oral Health, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHUV), University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, 1010, Switzerland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK
| | | | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Henna Cederberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Zhao Chen
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85714, USA
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju Si, Korea
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Francis Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | | | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G1, Canada.,Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Anke W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Erdos
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 00250, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, 65130, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mao Fu
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicole L Glazer
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,CCG Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jagvir Grewal
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lise B Husted
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany.,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE 405 30, Sweden
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, 22362, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | | | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - William E Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland
| | - Thomas Lang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Youfang Liu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - William Maixner
- Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 22362, Sweden
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.,Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, LA, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Leif Mosekilde
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark
| | - Anne Newman
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 300 CA, The Netherlands.,Centre for Medical Systems Biology and Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, RC2300, The Netherlands
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Human Genetics and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Richard L Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI00014, Finland
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomic and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Laura Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joban Sehmi
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jian Shen
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Shad Smith
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27110, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC) - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT1081, The Netherlands
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Patricia Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85714, USA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland.,Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, 65130, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 12589, Saudi Arabia.,Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT1081, The Netherlands
| | - Arjun Verma
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ryan Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00251, Finland
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nicole C Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Weijia Xie
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, SW3 6NP, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Centre for Medical Systems Biology and Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, RC2300, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Cardiology Department, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, 2593, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Vicky Ossowski
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Dawn Waterworth
- Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, 19112, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Institute of Child Health and Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, 02131, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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100
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Rodgers LR, Weedon MN, Henley WE, Hattersley AT, Shields BM. Cohort profile for the MASTERMIND study: using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to investigate stratification of response to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017989. [PMID: 29025846 PMCID: PMC5652624 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This is a retrospective cohort study using observational data from anonymised primary care records. We identify and extract all patients with type 2 diabetes and associated clinical data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to inform models of disease progression and stratification of treatment. PARTICIPANTS Data were extracted from CPRD on 8 August 2016. The initial data set contained all patients (n=313 485) in the database who had received a type 2 diabetes medication. Criteria were applied to identify and exclude those with type 1 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome or other forms of diabetes (n=40 204), and for data quality control (n=12). We identified 251 338 patients for inclusion in future analyses of diabetes progression and treatment response. FINDINGS TO DATE For 6-month response to treatment, measured by change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), we have 91 765 patients with 119 785 treatment response episodes. The greatest impact on reduction of HbA1c occurs with first-line and second-line treatments, metformin and sulfonylurea. Patients moving to third-line treatments tend to have greater weights and higher body mass index. We have investigated the impact of non-adherence to commonly used glucose-lowering medications on HbA1c. For baseline-adjusted HbA1c change over 1 year, non-adherent patients had lower HbA1c reductions than adherent patients, with mean and 95% CI of -4.4 (-4.7 to -4.0) mmol/mol (-0.40 (-0.43 to -0.37) %). FUTURE PLANS Findings from studies using these data will help inform future treatment plans and guidelines. Additional data are added with updates from CPRD. This will increase the numbers of patients on newer medications and add more data on those already receiving treatment. There are several ongoing studies investigating different hypotheses regarding differential response to treatment and progression of diabetes. For side effects, links to Hospital Episode Statistics data, where severe events such as hypoglycaemia will be recorded, will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Rodgers
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - William E Henley
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Beverley M Shields
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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