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Oh JJ, Kim JY, Son SH, Jung WJ, Kim DH, Seo JW, Kim GH. Fungal melanin as a biocompatible broad-spectrum sunscreen with high antioxidant activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19682-19689. [PMID: 35479243 PMCID: PMC9033651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is considered a bio-inspired dermo-cosmetic component due to its high UV absorption and antioxidant activity. Among various melanin sources, fungal melanin is a promising candidate for sunscreen because of its sustainability and scalability; however, quantitative assessment of its function has not yet been sufficiently explored. In this study, melanin samples derived from Amorphotheca resinae were prepared, followed by the evaluation of their sunscreen performance, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. Melanin-blended cream was prepared by blending a melanin suspension and a pure cream. The cream showed an in vitro sun protection factor value of 2.5 when the pigment content was 5%. The cream showed a critical wavelength of approximately 388 nm and a UVA/UVB ratio of more than 0.81, satisfying the broad-spectrum sunscreen requirement. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays indicated that fungal melanin had antioxidant activity similar to ascorbic acid but higher than reduced glutathione. Fungal melanin had no statistically significant cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cell lines until 72 h of exposure, even at a concentration of 4 mg mL-1. Consequently, melanin pigment can be used as a biocompatible broad-spectrum sunscreen with high antioxidant activity and as a practical alternative in dermo-cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Joo Oh
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Won-Jo Jung
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University Sejong 30019 Korea
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jin-Woo Seo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
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102
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Seomun G, Lee J, Park J. Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and childhood cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251628. [PMID: 33989337 PMCID: PMC8121331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) are classified as a possible carcinogenic factor (Group 2B). This study assessed the association between ELF-MFs and childhood cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Three databases were searched in January 2020. We conducted a meta-analysis for the association between the ELF-MFs exposure level and childhood cancer. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were identified. Thirty studies with 186,223 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Children exposed to 0.2-, 0.3-, and 0.4-μT ELF-MFs had a 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.49), 1.22 (95% CI 0.93-1.61), and 1.72 (95% CI 1.25-2.35) times higher odds of childhood leukemia. In childhood brain tumors, children exposed to 0.2-μT had a 0.95 (95% CI 0.59-1.56) times higher odds, and those exposed to 0.4-μT ELF-MFs had a 1.25 (95% CI 0.93-1.61). Children exposed to 0.2- and 0.4-μT ELF-MFs had a 1.10 (95% CI 0.70-1.75) and 2.01 (95% CI 0.89-4.52) times higher odds of any childhood cancers. CONCLUSIONS Significant associations were observed between exposure to ELF-MFs and childhood leukemia. Furthermore, a possible dose-response effect was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- GyeongAe Seomun
- College of Nursing, Korea University, BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Korea University, BK21FOUR Program in Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Park
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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103
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Kim Y, Yoon S, Shin H, Jo M, Lee S, Kim SH. Isolation of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris LRCC5306 and Optimization of Diacetyl Production Conditions for Manufacturing Sour Cream. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:373-385. [PMID: 34017948 PMCID: PMC8112315 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory properties and flavor of sour cream are important factors that influence consumer acceptability. The present study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria with excellent diacetyl production ability and to optimize the fermentation conditions for sour cream manufacture. Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris was isolated as a lactic acid bacterium derived from raw milk. This strain showed the greatest diacetyl production among other strains and was named LRCC5306. Various culture conditions were optimized to improve the diacetyl production of LRCC5306. The highest diacetyl production was found to be at 105.04±2.06 mg/L, when 0.2% citric acid and 0.001% Fe2+ were added and cultured at 20°C for 15 h. Based on the optimal cultivation conditions, sour cream was manufactured using LRCC5306, with a viable count of 1.04×108 CFU/g and a diacetyl concentration of 106.56±1.53 mg/g. The electronic tongue system was used to compare the sensory properties of the sour cream; the fermented product exhibited sweetness and saltiness which was similar to that of an imported commercial product, but with slightly reduced bitterness and a significantly greater degree of sour taste. Therefore, our study shows that if cream is fermented using the LRCC5306, it is possible to produce sour cream with greatly improved sensory attractiveness, resulting in increased acceptance by consumers. Since this sour cream has a higher viable count of lactic acid bacteria, it is also anticipated that it will have a better probiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsik Kim
- Department of Biosystems and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seokmin Yoon
- Food-Biotech Team, Division of Basic
Research, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594,
Korea
| | - Hyejung Shin
- Department of Food Bioscience and
Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Miyoun Jo
- Food-Biotech Team, Division of Basic
Research, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594,
Korea
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Food-Biotech Team, Division of Basic
Research, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594,
Korea
| | - Sae-hun Kim
- Department of Food Bioscience and
Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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104
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Jeong YJ, Park HY, Nam HK, Lee KW. Fermented Maillard Reaction Products by Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Improves Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Mice with Colitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:299. [PMID: 33800583 PMCID: PMC8066505 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic relapsing disease. Multiple factors can cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including diet, imbalance of the immune system, and impaired intestinal barrier function. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex and chronic metabolic disease caused by a combination of insulin resistance and an ineffective insulin secretory response. The co-occurrence of these two diseases, demonstrating interrelated effects within the gut microbiota, has been frequently reported. This study evaluated the effects of a fermented glycated conjugate of whey protein and galactose with Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 (FMRP) to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus with inflammatory bowel disease. C57BLKS/J- db/db mice were orally administered FMRP for 14 consecutive days and 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in water ad libitum for 5 days to induce colitis. FMRP-fed mice showed improved insulin secretion and symptoms of colitis. Compared to the DSS group, the FMRP group showed a decreased abundance of six bacterial genera and increased abundance of Alistipes and Hungateiclostridium. In cecal contents, the levels of short-chain fatty acids increased in the FMRP group compared to those in the DSS group. Continuous administration of FMRP thus may improve the homeostasis of not only insulin secretion and inflammation, but also the intestinal environment in inflammatory bowel disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (H.-K.N.)
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Han-Kyul Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (H.-K.N.)
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (H.-K.N.)
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105
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Kim A, Lee CM, Park S. Is it Beneficial to Utilize an Articulating Instrument in Single-Port Laparoscopic Gastrectomy? J Gastric Cancer 2021; 21:38-48. [PMID: 33854812 PMCID: PMC8020002 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2021.21.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As the number of gastric cancer survivors is increasing and their quality of life after surgery is being emphasized, single-port surgery is emerging as an alternative to conventional gastrectomy. A novel multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) articulating device, the ArtiSential® device (LivsMed, Seongnam, Korea), was designed to allow more intuitive and meticulous control for surgeons facing ergonomic difficulties with conventional tools. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of this new device during single-port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (SP-LDG) for early gastric cancer (EGC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with EGC who underwent SP-LDG with ArtiSential® (LivsMed) graspers between April 2018 and August 2020 were enrolled in the study. The clinical outcomes were compared with those of a control group, in which prebent graspers (Olympus Medical Systems Corp) were used for the same procedures. RESULTS Seventeen patients were enrolled in the ArtiSential® group. There was no significant difference in operative time (205.4±6.0 vs. 218.1±9.9 minutes, P= 0.270) or the quality of surgery, in terms of the number of retrieved lymph nodes (49.5±3.5 vs. 45.9±4.0, P=0.473), length of hospital stay (15.4±2.0 vs. 12.4±1.3 days, P=0.588), and postoperative complications (40.0% vs. 41.2%, P=0.595), between the ArtiSential® group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS The new multi-DOF articulating grasper is feasible and can be used as an alternative for prebent graspers during SP-LDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Españo E, Kim D, Kim J, Park SK, Kim JK. COVID-19 Antiviral and Treatment Candidates: Current Status. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e7. [PMID: 33728100 PMCID: PMC7937511 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has severely impacted global health and economy. There is currently no effective approved treatment for COVID-19; although vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization in several countries, they are currently only administered to high-risk individuals, thereby leaving a gap in virus control measures. The scientific and clinical communities and drug manufacturers have collaborated to speed up the discovery of potential therapies for COVID-19 by taking advantage of currently approved drugs as well as investigatory agents in clinical trials. In this review, we stratified some of these candidates based on their potential targets in the progression of COVID-19 and discuss some of the results of ongoing clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Españo
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Dajung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
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107
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Lee YB, Lee JS, Hong SH, Kim JA, Roh E, Yoo HJ, Baik SH, Choi KM. Optimal blood pressure for patients with chronic kidney disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1538. [PMID: 33452422 PMCID: PMC7810974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of blood pressure (BP) on the incident cardiovascular events, progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality were evaluated among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with and without antihypertensive treatment. This nationwide study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data. The hazards of outcomes were analysed according to the systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) among adults (aged ≥ 40 years) with CKD and without previous cardiovascular disease or ESRD (n = 22,278). The SBP and DBP were ≥ 130 mmHg and ≥ 80 mmHg in 10,809 (48.52%) and 11,583 (51.99%) participants, respectively. During a median 6.2 years, 1271 cardiovascular events, 201 ESRD incidents, and 1061 deaths were noted. Individuals with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and DBP ≥ 80 mmHg had higher hazards of hypertension-related adverse outcomes compared to the references (SBP 120-129 mmHg and DBP 70-79 mmHg). SBP < 100 mmHg was associated with hazards of all-cause death, and composite of ESRD and all-cause death during follow-up only among the antihypertensive medication users suggesting that the BP should be < 130/80 mmHg and the SBP should not be < 100 mmHg with antihypertensive agents to prevent the adverse outcome risk of insufficient and excessive antihypertensive treatment in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Seo JW, Kim JY, Kim DH, Oh JJ, Kim YJ, Kim GH. Selection and characterization of toxic Aspergillus spore-specific DNA aptamer using spore-SELEX. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2608-2615. [PMID: 35424249 PMCID: PMC8693783 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09571k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As airborne spores of toxic Aspergillus species cause mild symptoms to invasive fungal infections, their indoor concentration should be controlled through real-time management. Aptamer-based biosensors could provide economical and simple solutions for point-of-care. In this study, we isolated aptamers binding to the spores of three representative toxic Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger) for the first time, using cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment). Among the aptamer candidates, Asp-3 showed a broad and high binding affinity for the Aspergillus spores. Considering the low binding affinity with proteinase-treated spores, we speculated that the Asp-3 binding sites could be possibly associated with cell surface proteins. The high Asp-3 specificity was confirmed by comparing the binding affinity between the Aspergillus target species and other common indoor fungal species. Moreover, we also established quantitative linear relationships between Asp-3 and the spore concentration of each Aspergillus species. Therefore, the selected Asp-3 aptamer, conjugated with detection sensors, could be an effective biorecognition element for the spores of three toxic Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Seo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jeong-Joo Oh
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Life Science and Biotechnology Department, Underwood Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
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Kim SW, Kim Y, Kim SE, An JY. Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Neurodevelopment and Central Nervous System. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 33419148 PMCID: PMC7825574 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, first introduced as a new form of regulated cell death induced by erastin, is accompanied by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxides, thus it can be inhibited either by iron chelators or by lipophilic antioxidants. In the past decade, multiple studies have introduced the potential importance of ferroptosis in many human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the genetic association of ferroptosis with neurological disorders and development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Whee Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong An
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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110
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly affected education, with most universities changing face-to-face classes to online formats. To adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, we adopted a blended learning approach to anatomy instruction that included online lectures, pre-recorded laboratory dissection videos, and 3D anatomy applications, with condensed offline cadaver dissection. METHODS We aimed to examine the learning outcomes of a newly adopted anatomy educational approach by 1) comparing academic achievement between the blended learning group (the 2020 class, 108 students) and the traditional classroom learning group (the 2019 class, 104 students), and 2) an online questionnaire survey on student preference on the learning method and reasons of preference. RESULTS The average anatomy examination scores of the 2020 class, who took online lectures and blended dissection laboratories, were significantly higher than those of the 2019 class, who participated in an offline lecture and dissection laboratories. The questionnaire survey revealed that students preferred online lectures over traditional large group lecture-based teaching because it allowed them to acquire increased self-study time, study according to their individual learning styles, and repeatedly review lecture videos. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a blended learning approach is an effective method for anatomy learning, and the advantage may result from increased self-directed study through online learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeijung Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Practical Anatomy Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Department of Medial Education, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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111
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Gawarecka K, Ahn JH. Isoprenoid-Derived Metabolites and Sugars in the Regulation of Flowering Time: Does Day Length Matter? Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:765995. [PMID: 35003159 PMCID: PMC8738093 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.765995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a diverse set of pathways regulate the transition to flowering, leading to remarkable developmental flexibility. Although the importance of photoperiod in the regulation of flowering time is well known, increasing evidence suggests the existence of crosstalk among the flowering pathways regulated by photoperiod and metabolic pathways. For example, isoprenoid-derived phytohormones (abscisic acid, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and cytokinins) play important roles in regulating flowering time. Moreover, emerging evidence reveals that other metabolites, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, as well as sugar metabolism and sugar accumulation, also affect flowering time. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the roles of isoprenoid-derived metabolites and sugars in the regulation of flowering time and how day length affects these factors.
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112
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Lee YS, Lee HS, Kim JH, Chang SW, Hyun MH, Bak H, Kim S, Lee MJ, Lee CU, Jung YK, Seo YS, Yim HJ, Yeon JE, Um SH, Byun KS. Role of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus from mother to child: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:76-85. [PMID: 31878771 PMCID: PMC7820648 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To prevent the perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from mother to child, administration of an antiviral agent during pregnancy has been attempted in women who are either hepatitis B e antigen positive or have a high viral load. In this systematic review and meta-analysis with randomized controlled trials, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in preventing the perinatal transmission of HBV in pregnant women who have high HBV DNA titers. METHODS Multiple comprehensive databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases) were searched for studies evaluating the efficacy of TDF for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HBV. RESULTS Two studies (one open label study and one double blind study) were included and analyzed. Intention-to-treat analysis (527 pregnancies) showed that the preventive effect of TDF was not significant (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 2.17; p = 0.38, I2 = 81%). However, the per-protocol analysis showed that TDF significantly reduced perinatal transmission (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.77; p = 0.03, I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference between the TDF group and the control group with respect to maternal and fetal safety outcomes. CONCLUSION In pregnant women who have high HBV DNA titers, TDF can reduce the perinatal transmission from mother to child without significant adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Seok Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Ji Hoon Kim, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea Tel: +82-2-2626-1038 Fax: +82-2-2626-3011 E-mail:
| | - Sung Won Chang
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Han Hyun
- Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haein Bak
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehwa Kim
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-jin Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Uk Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kul Jung
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yim
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Um
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Byun
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Roh SY, Choi JI, Kim MS, Cho EY, Kim YG, Lee KN, Shim J, Kim JS, Kim YH. Incidence and etiology of sudden cardiac arrest in Koreans: A cohort from the national health insurance service database. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242799. [PMID: 33237971 PMCID: PMC7688167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in Asians is lower than that seen in Western populations, but there are few available data on the incidence and associated cardiac etiology of SCA in Asians. From 2002 to 2013, patients with SCA were analyzed using a cohort from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) coded database. Sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS) was defined as cryptogenic arrest, excluding that of non-cardiac origin, coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy (CM), and valvular heart disease. During the 12-year study period, 5,973 patients (0.53%) from the total cohort of 1,125,691 had a cardiac arrest code. The overall incidence of arrest was 48.7 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 16.6-18.0). The incidence of primary SCA excluding those of non-cardiac origin was 16.1 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 15.4-16.8). It was higher in males than in females (18.1 vs. 14.1 per 100,000 person-years). CAD was the most common cause of SCA (59.4%), and followed by CM (13.9%). SUDS accounted for 14.7% of SCA events. The risk of SCA had increased gradually from over 25 years old. Heart failure, atrial fibrillation and hypertension are major factors associated with SCA incidence. Our findings outline epidemiologic data for SCA and the proportion of associated cardiac etiology leads SCA in a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Young Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gi Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-No Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Shim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Yu D, Park JS, Lee H, Kim J, Kim HL, Koo S, Lee J, Lee S, Ko Y. Prominin-1-Radixin axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating PKA activity. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49416. [PMID: 33030802 PMCID: PMC7645247 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prominin-1 (Prom1) is a major cell surface marker of cancer stem cells, but its physiological functions in the liver have not been elucidated. We analyzed the levels of mRNA transcripts in serum-starved primary WT (Prom1+/+ ) and KO (Prom1-/- ) mouse hepatocytes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, and found that CREB target genes were downregulated. This initial observation led us to determine that Prom1 deficiency inhibited cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation and gluconeogenesis, but not cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation, in glucagon-, epinephrine-, or forskolin-treated liver tissues and primary hepatocytes, and mitigated glucagon-induced hyperglycemia. Because Prom1 interacted with radixin, Prom1 deficiency prevented radixin from localizing to the plasma membrane. Moreover, systemic adenoviral knockdown of radixin inhibited CREB activation and gluconeogenesis in glucagon-treated liver tissues and primary hepatocytes, and mitigated glucagon-elicited hyperglycemia. Based on these results, we conclude that Prom1 regulates hepatic PKA signaling via radixin functioning as an A kinase-anchored protein (AKAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Dong‐Min Yu
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jun Sub Park
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hwayeon Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jun‐Seok Kim
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Laboratory of Electron MicroscopeIntegrative Research Support CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Seung‐Hoi Koo
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jae‐Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular MedicineInha University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
- Hypoxia‐related Disease Research CenterInha University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Young‐Gyu Ko
- Tunneling Nanotube Research CenterKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
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Chae K, Jang WY, Park K, Lee J, Kim H, Lee K, Lee CK, Lee Y, Lee SH, Seo J. Antibacterial infection and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/44/eabb0025. [PMID: 33115733 PMCID: PMC7608784 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection and infection-induced immune response have been a life-threatening risk for patients having orthopedic implant surgeries. Conventional biomaterials are vulnerable to biocontamination, which causes bacterial invasion in wounded areas, leading to postoperative infection. Therefore, development of anti-infection and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants is urgently needed. Here, we developed an advanced surface modification technique for orthopedic implants termed lubricated orthopedic implant surface (LOIS), which was inspired by slippery surface of Nepenthes pitcher plant. LOIS presents a long-lasting, extreme liquid repellency against diverse liquids and biosubstances including cells, proteins, calcium, and bacteria. In addition, we confirmed mechanical durability against scratches and fixation force by simulating inevitable damages during surgical procedure ex vivo. The antibiofouling and anti-infection capability of LOIS were thoroughly investigated using an osteomyelitis femoral fracture model of rabbits. We envision that the LOIS with antibiofouling properties and mechanical durability is a step forward in infection-free orthopedic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyomin Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungbun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeontaek Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyuck Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungmok Seo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Jung J, Jeong S, Jeong H, Oh HE, Choi JW, Lee ES, Kim YS, Kwak Y, Kim WH, Lee JH. Increased HOXC6 mRNA expression is a novel biomarker of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236811. [PMID: 32745141 PMCID: PMC7398522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular biomarkers that are pivotal for the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed clinical specimens using RNA sequencing to identify the target genes. We found that the expression of HOXC6 mRNA was upregulated with the progression of cancer, which was validated by quantitative real time PCR and RNA in-situ hybridization. To compare the protein expression of HOXC6, we evaluated GC and normal gastric tissue samples using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We detected significantly higher levels of HOXC6 in the GC tissues than in the normal controls at both mRNA and protein levels. The expression levels of HOXC6 mRNA in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) were significantly higher than those in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high expression of HOXC6 mRNA is significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis. Our findings suggest that HOXC6 mRNA may be a novel biomarker and can be potentially valuable in predicting the prognosis of GC patients. Especially, HOXC6 mRNA in-situ hybridization may be a diagnostic tool for predicting prognosis of individual GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling is critical for regulating metabolic homeostasis in mammals. In particular, transcriptional regulation by cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and its coactivator, CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC), is essential for controlling the expression of critical enzymes in the metabolic process, leading to more chronic changes in metabolic flux. Among the CRTC isoforms, CRTC2 is predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues and has been shown to be associated with various metabolic pathways in tissue-specific manners. While initial reports showed the physiological role of CRTC2 in regulating gluconeogenesis in the liver, recent studies have further delineated the role of this transcriptional coactivator in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in various tissues, including the liver, pancreatic islets, endocrine tissues of the small intestines, and adipose tissues. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have utilized knockout mouse models to delineate the role of CRTC2 in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongmin Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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On KC, Rho J, Yoon HY, Chang H, Yhee JY, Yoon JS, Jeong SY, Kim HK, Kim K. Tumor-Targeting Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Surgery of Rabbit Orthotopic VX2 Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E621. [PMID: 32635231 PMCID: PMC7407595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic nanoparticles can deliver therapeutic agents as well as diverse imaging agents to tumors. The enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect is regarded as a crucial mechanism for the tumor-targeted delivery of nanoparticles. Although a large number of studies of the EPR effect of theranostic nanoparticles have been performed, the effect of the change in the body size of the host on the EPR effect is not fully understood. In this regard, comparative research is needed on the behavior of nanoparticles in large animals for developing the nanoparticles to the clinical stage. In this study, we prepared fluorophore (indocyanine green (ICG) or cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5))-conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) for comparing the tumor-targeting efficacy in VX2 tumor-bearing mouse and rabbit models. As expected, the CNPs formed nano-sized spherical nanoparticles and were stable for 8 days under aqueous conditions. The CNPs also exhibited dose-dependent cellular uptake into VX2 tumor cells without cytotoxicity. The half-life of the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signals in the blood were 3.25 h and 4.73 h when the CNPs were injected into mice and rabbits, respectively. Importantly, the CNPs showed excellent tumor accumulation and prolonged biodistribution profiles in both the VX2 tumor-bearing mouse and rabbit models, wherein the tumor accumulation was maximized at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Based on the excellent tumor accumulation of the CNPs, finally, the CNPs were used in the image-guided surgery of the rabbit orthotopic VX2 lung tumor model. The lung tumor tissue was successfully removed based on the NIRF signal from the CNPs in the tumor tissue. This study shows that CNPs can be potentially used for tumor theragnosis in small animals and large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Cheol On
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.C.O.); (J.S.Y.); (S.Y.J.)
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Jiyun Rho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoun Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | | | - Jun Sik Yoon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.C.O.); (J.S.Y.); (S.Y.J.)
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Seo Young Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.C.O.); (J.S.Y.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Shin MH, Kim J, Lim SA, Kim J, Lee KM. Current Insights into Combination Therapies with MAPK Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2531. [PMID: 32260561 PMCID: PMC7177307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of high-throughput genomics has revolutionized personalized medicine by identifying key pathways and molecular targets controlling tumor progression and survival. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are examples of such targets, and inhibitors against these pathways have shown promising clinical responses in patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and thyroid cancer. Although MAPK pathway-targeted therapies have resulted in significant clinical responses in a large proportion of cancer patients, the rate of tumor recurrence is high due to the development of resistance. Conversely, immunotherapies have shown limited clinical responses, but have led to durable tumor regression in patients, and complete responses. Recent evidence indicates that MAPK-targeted therapies may synergize with immune cells, thus providing rationale for the development of combination therapies. Here, we review the current status of ongoing clinical trials investigating MAPK pathway inhibitors, such as BRAF and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors, in combination with checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T cell associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). A better understanding of an individual drug's mechanism of action, patterns of acquired resistance, and the influence on immune cells will be critical for the development of novel combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Kim WY, Kim YH, Lee JY, Kim JH, Min TJ. Evaluation of the Toxicity of Sugammadex in Zebrafish Larvae. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e51. [PMID: 32141248 PMCID: PMC7061149 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugammadex is a new neuromuscular blockade reversal agent. Recently, it has been used in patients under general anesthesia. However, sugammadex could be toxic to fetuses and pediatric patients under 3 years of age. In this study, we demonstrated the safety of sugammadex in fetuses, using zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, its neurotoxicity was evaluated using neuronal cell lines. METHODS We used SH-SY5Y cells to determine the viability of neuronal cells treated with sugammadex. Zebrafish larvae were used to determine the teratogenic effects of sugammadex. RESULTS Sugammadex showed no adverse effects on neuronal cells and zebrafish larvae. The survival rates of neuronal cells were not different in all concentrations. In addition, the heart formation of zebrafish embryos, which were exposed to various concentrations of sugammadex, were not different. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the feasibility of using sugammadex during pregnancy. However, further clinical studies will be required to extrapolate these results to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yeon Hwa Kim
- Department of Translational Research Institute for Intractable Diseases, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Too Jae Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
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Yu JH, Han K, Park S, Cho H, Lee DY, Kim JW, Seo JA, Kim SG, Baik SH, Park YG, Choi KM, Kim SM, Kim NH. Incidence and Risk Factors for Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:113-124. [PMID: 31769236 PMCID: PMC7043975 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of dementia. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the incidence and risk factors for dementia and young-onset dementia (YOD) in diabetic patients in Korea using the National Health Insurance Service data. METHODS Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2012, a total of 1,917,702 participants with diabetes were included and followed until the date of dementia diagnosis or until December 31, 2015. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for all dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) by Cox proportional hazards analyses. We also compared the impact of risk factors on the occurrence of YOD and late-onset dementia (LOD). RESULTS During an average of 5.1 years of follow-up, the incidence of all types of dementia, AD, or VaD was 9.5, 6.8, and 1.3/1,000 person-years, respectively, in participants with diabetes. YOD comprised 4.8% of all dementia occurrence, and the ratio of AD/VaD was 2.1 for YOD compared with 5.5 for LOD. Current smokers and subjects with lower income, plasma glucose levels, body mass index (BMI), and subjects with hypertension, dyslipidemia, vascular complications, depression, and insulin treatment developed dementia more frequently. Vascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and previous cardiovascular diseases were more strongly associated with the development of VaD than AD. Low BMI and a history of stroke or depression had a stronger influence on the development of YOD than LOD. CONCLUSION The optimal management of modifiable risk factors may be important for preventing dementia in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
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Jun SH, Shin WK, Kim Y. Association of Soybean Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 to 2011). Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:143-157. [PMID: 31950771 PMCID: PMC7043982 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean food consumption has been considered as a possible way to lower incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) among Asians. However, results from studies investigating its efficacy on CMS in Asians have been inconsistent. METHODS We analyzed the association between soybean intake frequency and prevalence of CMS based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2011. Data of 9,287 women aged 20 to 64 years were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soybean food consumption frequency. General linear model and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the association of soybean intake quintile with CMS and its risk factors. Least square means of metabolic factors mostly showed no significant relevance except liver indexes. RESULTS Compared to participants in the 1st quintile (<2 times/week of soybean food), odds ratios (OR) for CMS and abdominal obesity (AO) in the 4th quintile (8.5 times/week<soybean food≤17 times/week) were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90), respectively. After excluding Tofu products, ORs of CMS, AO, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were lower than those without excluding Tofu products. However, results still did not show significant inverse linear trend across frequency quintiles. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that soybean intake of 8.5 to 17 times/week was inversely associated with CMS in Korean women. The relation between soybean intake >17 times/week and CMS varied depending on soybean food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hyun Jun
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yookyung Kim
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim J, Yoon J, Bahk J, Kim S. Job insecurity is associated with presenteeism, but not with absenteeism: A study of 19 720 full-time waged workers in South Korea. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12143. [PMID: 32812298 PMCID: PMC7435145 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether perceived job insecurity was associated with absenteeism and presenteeism, and how these associations varied when the differential cutoff was applied to define absenteeism and presenteeism. METHODS We analyzed a nationally representative dataset of 19 720 full-time waged workers from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). As an independent variable, perceived job insecurity was assessed. As dependent variables, absenteeism and presenteeism were measured. Seven differential cutoffs (from "1 day" to "7 days") were used when defining absenteeism and presenteeism. A Poisson regression model with a robust error variance was applied for the analysis. RESULTS When "1 day" was cutoff to define absenteeism and presenteeism, job insecurity was not associated with both absenteeism (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.16) and presenteeism (PR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). When the higher cutoff was used, the association between job insecurity and absenteeism was attenuated and remained statistically nonsignificant. However, statistically significant associations between job insecurity and presenteeism were observed when the differential cutoff was used: "2 days" (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13), "3 days" (PR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.22), "4 days" (PR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.26), "5 days" (PR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.30), "6 days" (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.33), and "7 days" (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34). CONCLUSION This study found that perceived job insecurity was associated with presenteeism, but not absenteeism. Furthermore, the association differed by cutoff applied to define presenteeism among full-time waged workers in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Hwan Kim
- Department of Public Health SciencesGraduate School of Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Yoon
- Department of Public Health SciencesGraduate School of Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Bahk
- Department of Public HealthKeimyung UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Seung‐Sup Kim
- Department of Public Health SciencesGraduate School of Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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Huh Y, Kim DH, Choi M, Park JH, Kwon DY, Jung JH, Han K, Park YG. Metoclopramide and Levosulpiride Use and Subsequent Levodopa Prescription in the Korean Elderly: The Prescribing Cascade. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1496. [PMID: 31546900 PMCID: PMC6780178 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prescribing cascade phenomenon of dopaminergic drugs such as levodopa in the management of gastroprokinetic drugs induced parkinsonism. Based on the Korea National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-Senior Cohort Database, we analyzed patients aged ≥65 years, between 2009 and 2013, who obtained new prescriptions for levodopa through the NHIS during this period. Those who were prescribed levodopa from 2002 to 2008 were excluded, only patients who were prescribed metoclopramide and levosulpiride within 90 days of receiving the levodopa prescription were included. Those who did not receive levodopa were used as a control group for 1:3 age and sex matching. We assessed 1824 and 1197 levodopa cases for metoclopramide and levosulpiride use, respectively. The matched controls for each levodopa case were 5472 and 3591, respectively. We used conditional logistic regression to determine the odds ratio (OR) for initiation of levodopa therapy in patients using metoclopramide and levosulpiride, relative to nonusers, after adjusting for age, sex, and exposure to antipsychotic medication. Both metoclopramide (OR = 3.04; 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.46-3.77) and levosulpiride (OR = 3.32; 95% CI, 2.56-4.3) users were three times more likely to begin using medication containing levodopa, compared to nonusers. Metoclopramide and levosulpiride were frequently prescribed within 90 days of receiving a prescription for levodopa. Before prescribing levodopa, it should be considered whether the adverse event is actually a side effect caused by metoclopramide and levosulpiride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Huh
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 170, Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10380, Korea.
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea.
| | - Moonyoung Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea.
| | - Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea.
| | - Do-Young Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03083, Korea.
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03083, Korea.
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03083, Korea.
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Yoo HJ, You DJ, Lee KW. Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of High Molecular Weight Fucoidan Fraction from the Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E447. [PMID: 31362412 PMCID: PMC6723532 DOI: 10.3390/md17080447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation involves two mechanisms, immunostimulation and immunosuppression. It is a complex mechanism that regulates the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases affecting the immune system. Immunomodulators can be used as immunostimulators to reduce the side effects of drugs that induce immunosuppression. In this study, we characterized the chemical composition of high molecular weight fucoidan (HMWF) and low molecular weight fucoidan and compared their functions as natural killer (NK) cell-derived immunostimulators in vitro. We also tested the effectiveness of HMWF, which has a relatively high function in vitro, as an immunostimulator in immunosuppressed animal models. In these models, HWMF significantly restored NK cell cytotoxicity and granzyme B release to the control group level. In addition, the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α also increased in the spleen. This study suggests that HMWF acts as an effective immunostimulant under immunosuppressive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong-Ju You
- Haerim Fucoidan, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Lee GM, You JY, Kim HY, Chai YJ, Kim HK, Dionigi G, Tufano RP. Successful radiofrequency ablation strategies for benign thyroid nodules. Endocrine 2019; 64:316-321. [PMID: 30569260 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of benign thyroid nodules in consecutive large number series. To find out whether there is any difference according to the nature of the nodules, nodules were subdivided into two groups of predominantly solid vs. predominantly cystic lesions. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of thyroid nodules receiving percutaneous RFA treatment in our institution. We subdivided data into two groups according to the nodule's sonographic characteristics. We defined therapeutic success as a volume reduction rate >50% at 6 months post-RFA. The second ablation was performed in case where <50% VRR was achieved at 6 months. The primary endpoint was to identify factors prognosticating response to RFA treatment. RESULTS A total of 1000 patients with 1619 thyroid nodules received US-guided RFA treatment. A volume reduction of >50% (therapeutic success) after the first ablation was 78.9% vs. 78.2% (p = 0.439) and 91.4% vs. 93.4% (p = 0.148) after the final ablation for predominantly cystic vs. predominantly solid lesions, respectively, with comparable post-interventional morbidity. RFA sessions were more frequent in the solid group than in the cystic group. Small volume of thyroid nodule (<4 mL) was the only factor significantly associated with therapeutic success in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.848; 95% CI 1.537-2.789, p = 0.030). CONCLUSION RFA was effective in reducing the volume of benign thyroid nodules volume with non-inferior result in PS group comparing to PC group and can be considered a principal treatment method for treating benign thyroid nodules, including cystic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Young You
- Department of Surgery, KUMC Thyroid Center, Korea University Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Yub Kim
- Department of Surgery, KUMC Thyroid Center, Korea University Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, KUMC Thyroid Center, Korea University Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gianlorenzo Dionigi
- Division for Endocrine and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi', University Hospital "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ralph P Tufano
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kim YH, Kim YS, Kim BH, Lee KS, Park HS, Lim CH. Remote ischemic preconditioning ameliorates indirect acute lung injury by modulating phosphorylation of IκBα in mice. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:936-950. [PMID: 30614352 PMCID: PMC6381478 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518818300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury is responsible for mortality in seriously ill patients. Previous studies have shown that systemic inflammation is attenuated by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) via reducing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Therefore, we investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced indirect acute lung injury (ALI) can be protected by RIPC. METHODS RIPC was accomplished by 10 minutes of occlusion using a tourniquet on the right hind limb of mice, followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. This process was repeated three times. Intraperitoneal LPS (20 mg/kg) was administered to induce indirect ALI. Inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary tissue was excised for histological examination, and for examining NF-κB activity and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα). RESULTS NF-κB activation and LPS-induced histopathological changes in the lungs were significantly alleviated in the RIPC group. RIPC reduced phosphorylation of IκBα in lung tissue of ALI mice. CONCLUSIONS RIPC attenuates endotoxin-induced indirect ALI. This attenuation might occur through modification of NF-κB mediation of cytokines by modulating phosphorylation of IκBα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Sung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kuen-Su Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Hak Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Song JY, Cheong HJ, Noh JY, Choi MJ, Yoon JG, Lee SN, Kang SH, Jeong EJ, Jo YM, Kim WJ. Immunogenicity and safety of a tetanus-diphtheria vaccine and a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine after concomitant vaccination in ≥ 50-year-old adults. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:628. [PMID: 30518331 PMCID: PMC6282243 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When two or more vaccines are administered concurrently, there is concern about safety and immunogenicity from vaccine interaction. METHODS Subjects aged ≥50 years were randomized 1:1:1 to receive tetanus-diphtheria (Td) + 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; Group 1), PCV13 alone (Group 2), or Td alone (Group 3). After single or concomitant vaccination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) were performed to compare immunogenicity for Td and PCV13, respectively. RESULTS A total of 448 subjects were available for the assessment. After concomitant administration, the non-inferiority criteria of geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios were met for tetanus, diphtheria, and all four pneumococcal serotypes (1, 5, 18C, and 19A). However, subjects in Group 3 (Td alone) were more likely to have a high IgG anti-tetanus antibody titer (≥ 0.5 U/mL) than those in Group 1 (Td + PCV13) (p < 0.01). As for the pneumococcal serotype 1, the OPA GMT was significantly higher in Group 1 (PCV13 + Td) compared to Group 2 (PCV13 alone) (p = 0.02). No serious adverse event occurred. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant Td and PCV13 administration induced sufficient immunity without significant interference and showed good safety profiles. TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03552445 registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov on June 11, 2018 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saem Na Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hui Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University of Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chang HJ, Kim HJ, Rhyu IJ, Lee YM, Uhm CS. Emotional experiences of medical students during cadaver dissection and the role of memorial ceremonies: a qualitative study. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:255. [PMID: 30419880 PMCID: PMC6233563 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well reported that the emotional experiences of medical students in the gross anatomy laboratory could have significant impacts on their professional identity formation. This qualitative study aimed to investigate students' emotions towards cadaver dissection and the educational role of memorial ceremonies. METHODS A total of 37 students from eight teams were recruited in the team-based dissection course during two consecutive academic years (2016 and 2017) at one medical school. In focus group interviews, students were encouraged to express and discuss their emotions regarding cadaver dissection and memorial ceremonies. RESULTS The participants described their apprehension and anxiety during their first encounter with cadavers that diminished through gradual exposure. Unfortunately, their positive emotions such as gratitude and responsibility also tended to decline under the pressure of excessive workloads and frequent examinations. Memorial ceremonies, including not only large-scale events but also daily rituals, had educational effects that they prevented the decline of students' responsibility and respect during the dissection course. CONCLUSION Educators should assist medical students in overcoming their initial distress and maintaining respectful attitudes throughout the dissection course. Memorial ceremonies can be effective educational tools for fostering appropriate attitudes and ethical practice in the gross anatomy laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joo Chang
- Department of Medical Education, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Young-Mee Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Chang-Sub Uhm
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
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Kang S, Kim BR, Kang MH, Kim DY, Lee DH, Oh SC, Min BW, Um JW. Anti-metastatic effect of metformin via repression of interleukin 6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205449. [PMID: 30308035 PMCID: PMC6181375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, has also been shown to have anticancer effects against a variety of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Although inhibition of the mTOR pathway is known to be the most important mechanism for the antitumor effects of metformin, other mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the antitumor mechanism of metformin in colorectal cancer using high-throughput data, and then test the mechanism experimentally. We identified the gene signature of metformin-treated colon cancer cells. This signature was processed for prediction using colon adenocarcinoma patient data from the Cancer Genome Atlas to classify the patients showing a gene expression pattern similar to that in metformin-treated cells. This patient group showed better overall and disease-free survival. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed that the metformin-predicted group was characterized by decreased interleukin (IL)-6 pathway signaling, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and colon cancer metastatic signaling. We induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cell lines via IL-6 treatment, which increased cell motility and promoted invasion. However, these effects were blocked by metformin. These findings suggest that blockade of IL-6-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition is an antitumor mechanism of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Kang
- ASAN Medical Center, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Wook Min
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Um
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yoon YH, Kim JY, Choi SH. Analysis of Patients with Acute Toxic Exposure between 2009 and 2013: Data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and the National Emergency Department Information System. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e254. [PMID: 30250414 PMCID: PMC6146144 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to domestic studies, patients visiting the emergency departments (ED) with acute toxic exposure comprise 0.68%-5.5% of all ED patients, with various causes and motives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and social characteristics of patients with toxic exposure visiting the ED. METHODS This study spanned a period of five years, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. The data were extracted using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) and The Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). RESULTS From the HIRA database, during the study period (2009-2013); 310,159 (2009), 289,829 (2010), 288,906 (2011), 285,514 (2012), and 279,575 (2013) patients, respectively, visited EDs with diagnoses related to exposure to toxic substances. The number of patients who presented with acute toxic exposure compared to all ED visits significantly decreased consistently (7.8%, 6.9%, 6.0%, 5.0%, 4.1%) over 5 years. Regarding the cause of toxic exposure, substances other than drugs accounted for the largest percentage, and increased annually. Acetylcysteine was the most commonly prescribed antidote, and patients in their 40s and 50s showed the most frequent visits. The monthly distribution was highest in July-September, and higher in January than in other months. CONCLUSION This study found that the percentage of patients visiting the ED is decreasing, the exposure to quasi-drugs was the most common, and the exposure to antipsychotic drugs was the most frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim DY, Lee KE, Jeon JH, Kim JH, Kim WC. Evaluation of the reproducibility of various abutments using a blue light model scanner. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:328-334. [PMID: 30140401 PMCID: PMC6104497 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the reproducibility of scan-based abutments using a blue light model scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS A wax cast abutment die was fabricated, and a silicone impression was prepared using a silicone material. Nine study dies were constructed using the prepared duplicable silicone, and the first was used as a reference. These dies were classified into three groups and scanned using a blue light model scanner. The first three-dimensional (3D) data set was obtained by scanning eight dies separately in the first group. The second 3D data set was acquired when four dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned twice in the second group. Finally, the third 3D data set was obtained when eight dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned once. These data were then used to define the data value using third-dimension software. All the data were then analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (α=.05) and the post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni's correction (α=.017). RESULTS The means and standard deviations of the eight dies together were larger than those of the four dies together and of the individual die. Moreover, significant differences were observed among the three groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION With larger numbers of abutments scanned together, the scan becomes more inaccurate and loses reproducibility. Therefore, scans of smaller numbers of abutments are recommended to ensure better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Institute for Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science and Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hun Jeon
- Department of Dental Technology, Medical Campus, Kyung-Dong University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kim
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science and Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Chul Kim
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science and Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hwang J, Kim YS, Shin JH, Choi BM. Hemodynamic Effects on Systemic Blood Flow and Ductal Shunting Flow after Loading Dose of Intravenous Caffeine in Preterm Infants according to the Patency of Ductus Arteriosus. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e25. [PMID: 29318792 PMCID: PMC5760810 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preterm infants, caffeine citrate is used to stimulate breathing before they are weaned from mechanical ventilation and to reduce the frequency of apnea. In recent studies, effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system have been emphasized in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). METHODS This study aimed to assess the short-term hemodynamic effects on systemic blood flow and ductal shunting flow after loading standard doses of intravenous caffeine in preterm infants. Echocardiographic studies were performed by a single investigator, before and at 1 hour and 4 hours after an intravenous infusion of a loading dose as 20 mg/kg caffeine citrate for 30 minutes. RESULTS In 25 preterm infants with PDA, left ventricular output decreased progressively during 4 hours after caffeine loading. Superior vena cava (SVC) flow decreased and ductal shunting flow increased at 1 hour and then recovered at 4-hour to baseline values. A diameter of PDA significantly decreased only at 4-hour after caffeine loading. There were no significant changes of these hemodynamic parameters in 29 preterm infants without PDA. CONCLUSION In preterm infants with PDA, a standard intravenous loading dose of 20 mg/kg caffeine citrate was associated with increasing ductal shunting flow and decreasing SVC flow (as a surrogate for systemic blood flow) 1 hour after caffeine loading, however, these hemodynamic parameters recovered at 4 hours according to partial constriction of the ductus arteriosus. Close monitoring of hemodynamic changes would be needed to observe the risk for pulmonary over-circulation or systemic hypo-perfusion due to transient increasing ductal shunting flow during caffeine loading in preterm infants with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim B, Choi KM, Yim HS, Park HT, Yim JH, Lee MG. Adipogenic and Lipolytic Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Ovariectomized Rats. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:85-91. [PMID: 29214781 PMCID: PMC5725369 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ascorbic acid has been reported to have an adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while evidence also suggests that ascorbic acid reduces body weight in humans. In this study, we tested the effects of ascorbic acid on adipogenesis and the balance of lipid accumulation in ovariectomized rats, in addition to long-term culture of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and ovariectomized rats were treated with ascorbic acid at various time points. In vitro adipogenesis was analyzed by Oil Red O staining, and in vivo body fat was measured by a body composition analyzer using nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS When ascorbic acid was applied during an early time point in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in rats, adipogenesis and fat mass gain significantly increased, respectively. However, lipid accumulation in well-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed a significant reduction when ascorbic acid was applied after differentiation (10 days after induction). Also, oral ascorbic acid administration 4 weeks after OVX in rats significantly reduced both body weight and subcutaneous fat layer. In comparison to the results of ascorbic acid, which is a well-known cofactor for an enzyme of collagen synthesis, and the antioxidant ramalin, a potent antioxidant but not a cofactor, showed only a lipolytic effect in well-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, not an adipogenic effect. CONCLUSION Taking these results into account, we concluded that ascorbic acid has both an adipogenic effect as a cofactor of an enzymatic process and a lipolytic effect as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Choi
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Soon Yim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Park
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Choi J, Lee M, Ki M, Lee JY, Song YJ, Kim M, Lee S, Park S, Lim J. Risk factors for feelings of sadness and suicide attempts among cancer survivors in South Korea: findings from nationwide cross-sectional study (KNHANES IV-VI). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016130. [PMID: 29247081 PMCID: PMC5735398 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the number of cancer survivors is rapidly increasing with the increased incidence of the disease and improved survival of patients, the prevalence of, and risk factors for, mental health problems and suicidality among cancer survivors should be examined. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2013), we examined 1285 and 33 772 participants who had been and never been diagnosed with cancer, respectively. We investigated the risks of feelings of sadness and suicide attempts among cancer survivors and general population and examined differences in the risks of cancer survivors among subgroups according to cancer-related characteristics. RESULTS The median age of survivors at the time of the survey and at diagnosis was 63 and 54 years, respectively. After adjusting for sex, level of education, household income, occupation, marital status, cancer type, current status of treatment, age at diagnosis and years since diagnosis, the risk of suicide attempts was significantly higher in participants diagnosed with cancer before 45 years of age compared with those diagnosed at 45-64 years (adjusted OR=3.81, 95% CI 1.07 to 13.60, P=0.039), and the higher risk of suicide attempts with borderline significance was found in those for whom more than 10 years had passed since diagnosis compared with those for whom the diagnosis was made only 2-10 years ago (adjusted OR=3.38, 95% CI 0.98 to 11.70, P=0.055). However, feelings of sadness were not significantly associated with any cancer-related characteristic. CONCLUSION Our results reveal an increased risk of suicide attempts among cancer survivors diagnosed early in life and in those for whom more than 10 years has passed since the diagnosis, suggesting the need for intensive monitoring and support for mental health problems and suicidal risks in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewoong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Mijo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeong Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jun Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Miram Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Medical Cancer Center, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjoo Park
- Department of Nursing, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseun Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, The Republic of Korea
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Jang HY, Myoung SM, Choe JM, Kim T, Cheon YP, Kim YM, Park H. Effects of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Regeneration of Damaged Endometrium in Female Rats. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:1195-1203. [PMID: 29047244 PMCID: PMC5653485 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment can improve regeneration of the endometrium in an experimental model of ethanol-induced damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, ethanol group, and PRP-treated group (administration of 0.25 mL of PRP into both uterine cavities 72 hours after ethanol injection). After 15 days of endometrial damage, all the animals were sacrificed during the estrous cycle, and samples were taken from the mid-uterine horn. Functional and structural recovery of the endometrium was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome (MT) staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and immuno-histochemical (IHC) analyses. RESULTS H&E and MT staining confirmed significantly decreased fibrosis and increased cellular proliferation in the PRP-treated group, compared to the ethanol group. The endometrial areas in the ethanol and PRP-treated groups were 212.83±15.84 μm² and 262.34±12.33 μm² (p=0.065). Significantly stronger IHC expression of cytokeratin, homeobox A10 (HOXA10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Ki-67 was found in the PRP-treated group, compared to the ethanol group. In real-time PCR analyses, interleukin-1β mRNA was down-regulated, while c-Kit mRNA was up-regulated, in the PRP-treated group, compared to the ethanol group. CONCLUSION Intrauterine administration of autologous PRP stimulated and accelerated regeneration of the endometrium and also decreased fibrosis in a murine model of damaged endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yong Jang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Min Myoung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Choe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shim JS, Kwon TG, Rha KH, Lee YG, Lee JY, Jeong BC, Kim JY, Pyun JH, Kang SG, Kang SH. Oncologic Outcomes and Predictive Factors for Recurrence Following Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma: Multicenter Study from Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1662-1668. [PMID: 28875611 PMCID: PMC5592181 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate intermediate-term oncologic outcomes, predictive factors for recurrence, and recurrence patterns in a multicenter series of patients treated with robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder. Between 2007 and 2015, 346 patients underwent RARC at multiple tertiary referral centers in Korea. Descriptive statistics were used for demographics and perioperative variables. Survival and recurrence were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of recurrence. Median follow-up was 33 months (interquartile range [IQR], 7-50). The numbers of patients with organ-confined and lymph node (LN)-positive disease were 237 (68.4%) and 68 (19.7%), respectively. LN density (1-20 vs. > 20) was 13.6% and 6.1%, with a median of 17 nodes removed (IQR, 9-23). In logistic regression analysis, type of LN dissection, and pathologic tumor stage were significant predictors of cancer recurrence and death from cancer. Local, distal recurrence and secondary UC occurred in 7 (2.0%), 53 (15.3%), and 4 (1.2%) patients, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 78%, 84%, and 73%, respectively. At last follow-up, RFS for extended pelvic LN dissection vs. standard pelvic LN dissection was 70% and 47% (P = 0.038). In addition, at last follow-up, LN density (0 vs. 1-20 vs. over 20) was 67%, 41%, and 29%, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients undergoing RARC in this multi-institutional cohort demonstrated intermediate-term oncologic outcomes, predictive factors for recurrence, and recurrence patterns that were not unusual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Shim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Koon Ho Rha
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Goo Lee
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Pyun
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chi SH, Jeong HG, Lee S, Oh SY, Kim SH. Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Seizure Threshold during Electroconvulsive Therapy. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:647-655. [PMID: 29042890 PMCID: PMC5639133 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between seizure threshold (ST) and psychotropic drugs in patients treated with ECT. METHODS We examined clinical data from 43 patients. ST was titrated at each treatment session. We examined associations between ST and psychotropic drugs using multivariate correlation analyses. Data are presented as initial ST, the difference in ST between the first and 10th sessions (ΔST10th), and the mean difference in ST between the first and last sessions (mean ΔSTlast). RESULTS Multivariate regression analyses showed associations between initial ST and the total chlorpromazine-equivalent dose of antipsychotics (β=0.363, p<0.05). The total fluoxetine-equivalent dose of antidepressants was associated with ΔST10th (β=0.486, p<0.01) and mean ΔSTlast (β=0.472, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our study elucidated possible effects of psychotropic drugs on ST shifts. Larger doses of antipsychotics were associated with higher initial ST, whereas higher doses of antidepressants were associated with stronger shifts in ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyuk Chi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Oh
- Seoul Metropolitan Enpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mannaa M, Oh JY, Kim KD. Biocontrol Activity of Volatile-Producing Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas protegens against Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production on Stored Rice Grains. Mycobiology 2017; 45:213-219. [PMID: 29138628 PMCID: PMC5673519 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2017.45.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, three bacterial strains, Bacillus megaterium KU143, Microbacterium testaceum KU313, and Pseudomonas protegens AS15, were selected as effective biocontrol agents against Aspergillus flavus on stored rice grains. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of the volatiles produced by the strains on A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production on stored rice grains. The three strains significantly reduced mycelial growth of A. flavus in dual-culture assays compared with the negative control strain, Sphingomonas aquatilis KU408, and an untreated control. Of these tested strains, volatiles produced by B. megaterium KU143 and P. protegens AS15 markedly inhibited mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of A. flavus on agar medium and suppressed the fungal populations in rice grains. Moreover, volatiles produced by these two strains significantly reduced aflatoxin production in the rice grains by A. flavus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the suppression of A. flavus aflatoxin production in rice grains using B. megaterium and P. protegens volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mannaa
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Oh
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Shim JO, Chang JY, Kim A, Shin S. Different Age Distribution between Campylobacteriosis and Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis in Hospitalized Korean Children with Acute Inflammatory Diarrhea. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1202-1206. [PMID: 28581280 PMCID: PMC5461327 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated recent epidemiologic trends regarding campylobacteriosis vs. nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS), a previously known leading cause of bacterial enterocolitis in Korean children. Among 363 hospitalized children with acute inflammatory diarrhea, Campylobacter (18.7%) was the most frequently detected pathogen using multiplex polymerase chain reaction tests followed by Salmonella (15.4%). Children with campylobacteriosis were older than children with NTS (112.6 months [interquartile range (IQR) 66.0-160.1] vs. 53 months [IQR 31.0-124.0], P < 0.001) and had higher prevalences of abdominal cramping and stool hemoglobin. Campylobacteriosis may be suspected as a primary cause of acute inflammatory diarrhea in hospitalized school-aged Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ahlee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon SW, Lim HE, Yoon S, Na KS, Ko YH, Joe SH, Kim YH. Does Type D Personality Impact on the Prognosis of Patients Who Underwent Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation? A 1-Year Follow-Up Study. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:281-288. [PMID: 28539946 PMCID: PMC5440430 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Type D personality has been associated with the prognosis of various cardiac diseases, few studies have investigated the influence of Type D personality on the cardiac and psychiatric prognoses of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were measured at baseline and 6 months. The recurrence of AF was measured during 1-year following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for AF. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests were used to compare the cumulative recurrence of AF. ACox proportional hazard model was conducted to identify factors that contribute to the recurrence of AF. RESULTS A total of 236 patients admitted for RFCA were recruited. Patients with a Type D personality had higher levels of depression and anxiety and a poorer quality of life compared to controls. Although depression, anxiety, and quality of life had improved 6 months after RFCA, significant differences in psychiatric symptoms remained between patients with and without Type D personality. In the Cox models, the type of AF was the only factor that influenced the recurrence of AF. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Type D personality predominately influences psychological distress in patients with AF, but not the recurrence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Euy Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Se Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Haeng Joe
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The timing of puberty onset varies greatly among individuals, and much of this variation is modulated by genetic factors. This study aimed to identify the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) gene variations and to investigate the associations between these variations and central precocious puberty (CPP). Korean girls with CPP (n = 194) and their healthy controls (n = 99) were included in this study. The entire coding region and the exon-intron boundaries (exon 1 through 5) of the KISS1R gene were directly sequenced. Seven polymorphisms were identified in the KISS1R gene. A missense change c.1091T>A, and an intron variant c.738+64G>T showed significantly higher allele frequencies in CPP patients than in controls (c.1091T>A: 30.7% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.031; c.738+64G>T: 45.6% vs. 35.9%, P = 0.023). The missense variant (c.1091T>A) was a nonsynonymous polymorphism that induces amino acid substitution of p.Leu364His. The haplotype CAGTGTC was detected more frequently in the CPP group (P = 0.042). The sequence variants of the KISS1R gene can be inducible factors in the development of CPP. The association between sequence variants and CPP should be validated by further evidence obtained from larger samples of children with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Joung Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyoung Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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143
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Huh DA, Choi YH, Moon KW. The Effects of Earphone Use and Environmental Lead Exposure on Hearing Loss in the Korean Population: Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2010-2013. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168718. [PMID: 28030613 PMCID: PMC5193416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have reported that frequent earphone use and lead exposure are risk factors for hearing loss, most of these studies were limited to small populations or animal experiments. Several studies that presented the joint effect of combined exposure of noise and heavy metal on hearing loss were also mainly conducted on occupational workers exposed to high concentration. OBJECTIVES We investigated both the individual and joint effects of earphone use and environmental lead exposure on hearing loss in the Korean general population. METHODS We analyzed data from 7,596 Koreans provided by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) during the period 2010-2013. The pure-tone average (PTA) of hearing thresholds at 2, 3, and 4 kHz frequencies was computed, and hearing loss was defined as a PTA ≥ 25 dB in one or both ears. RESULTS A dose-response relationship in hearing loss with earphone use time and blood lead level is observed after adjustment for confounding factors. With a 1-hour increase in earphone use time and 1 μg/dL increase in blood lead concentration, the odds of hearing loss increased by 1.19 and 1.43 times, respectively. For hearing loss, the additive and multiplicative effect of earphone use and blood lead level were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Earphone use and environmental lead exposure have an individual effect on hearing loss in the general population. However, the estimated joint effect of earphone use and lead exposure was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-An Huh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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144
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Min HS, Cha JJ, Kim K, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim H, Lee JE, Han JY, Jeong LS, Cha DR, Kang YS. Renoprotective Effects of a Highly Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in a Mouse Model of Adriamycin-induced Nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1403-12. [PMID: 27510383 PMCID: PMC4974181 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of adenosine in the normal kidney increases markedly during renal hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation. A recent study reported that an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist attenuated the progression of renal fibrosis. The adriamycin (ADX)-induced nephropathy model induces podocyte injury, which results in severe proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of a highly selective A3AR antagonist (LJ1888) in ADX-induced nephropathy. Three groups of six-week-old Balb/c mice were treated with ADX (11 mg/kg) for four weeks and LJ1888 (10 mg/kg) for two weeks as following: 1) control; 2) ADX; and 3) ADX + LJ1888. ADX treatment decreased body weight without a change in water and food intake, but this was ameliorated by LJ1888 treatment. Interestingly, LJ1888 lowered plasma creatinine level, proteinuria, and albuminuria, which had increased during ADX treatment. Furthermore, LJ1888 inhibited urinary nephrin excretion as a podocyte injury marker, and urine 8-isoprostane and kidney lipid peroxide concentration, which are markers of oxidative stress, increased after injection of ADX. ADX also induced the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules such as TGF-β1, MCP-1, PAI-1, type IV collagen, NF-κB, NOX4, TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but they were remarkably suppressed after LJ1888 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that LJ1888 has a renoprotective effect in ADX-induced nephropathy, which might be associated with podocyte injury through oxidative stress. Therefore, LJ1888, a selective A3AR antagonist, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in renal glomerular diseases which include podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Min
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Medical College, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
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145
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Lyu J, Kim HY. Gender-Specific Incidence and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment among Older Koreans: Findings from a 6-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:473-479. [PMID: 27757124 PMCID: PMC5067340 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated gender-specific incidence and predictors of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. METHODS Using data from the 2006 and 2012 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), 925 females and 834 males aged 65 and over without cognitive impairment at 2006 were analyzed separately. Cognitive impairment was measured based on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam (K-MMSE) normative score. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was conducted to examine the predictors of cognitive impairment at 6-year follow up. RESULTS Incidence of cognitive impairment at 2012 was significantly higher for women (30.5%) than men (26.1%). GEE result showed that depression was significantly associated with cognitive impairment for both genders (female: OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.63-3.12; male: OR=3.26, 95% CI=2.19-4.83). Having IADL limitations (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.03-1.28), high blood pressure (OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.27-2.34), poor hearing (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.29-2.92), regular exercise (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.45-0.99), and normal weight (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.03-1.86) were significant predictors of cognitive impairment only among women. In contrast, age (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.07) and ADL limitations (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.21-1.82) were significant predictors of cognitive impairment at follow-up only among men. CONCLUSION Findings of this study show gender-specific predictors of cognitive impairment among older Koreans. This study can provide information for clinicians and policy makers to develop different intervention strategies considering gender differences in the progress of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lyu
- National Institute of Dementia, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences & Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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146
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Mannaa M, Kim KD. Microbe-Mediated Control of Mycotoxigenic Grain Fungi in Stored Rice with Focus on Aflatoxin Biodegradation and Biosynthesis Inhibition. Mycobiology 2016; 44:67-78. [PMID: 27433116 PMCID: PMC4945540 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2016.44.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice contaminated with fungal species during storage is not only of poor quality and low economic value, but may also have harmful effects on human and animal health. The predominant fungal species isolated from rice grains during storage belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Some of these fungal species produce mycotoxins; they are responsible for adverse health effects in humans and animals, particularly Aspergillus flavus, which produces the extremely carcinogenic aflatoxins. Not surprisingly, there have been numerous attempts to devise safety procedure for the control of such harmful fungi and production of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins. This review provides information about fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored rice grains, and microbe-based (biological) strategies to control grain fungi and mycotoxins. The latter will include information regarding attempts undertaken for mycotoxin (especially aflatoxin) bio-detoxification and microbial interference with the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway in the toxin-producing fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mannaa
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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147
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Kim YS, Kim WY, Kim YH, Yoo JW, Min TJ. The protective effect of hydromorphone to ischemia in rat glial cells. Springerplus 2016; 5:610. [PMID: 27247906 PMCID: PMC4864736 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic insults during operation can cause ischemic-reperfusion injuries in brain as well as memory impairments. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is the preferred anesthetic method in brain surgery, as it utilizes motor evoked potential monitoring. And the use of opioids is common in TIVA. However there are few studies about ischemic protective effect of opioids to glial cells. METHODS We used mixed cultures of rat glial cells, which were harvested from the brain of 1-day old rat. We divided the experimental groups according to their hydromorphone conditioning period: (a) pre-culture, (b) per-culture, or (c) pre- and per-culture. We measured the levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) using flow cytometry. The ROS levels in the glial cells were also measured after the administration of 100 nM hydromorphone and selective opioid receptor antagonists. RESULTS The ROS levels were reduced in the hydromorphone-treated group, as compared to the control group (only TBH treated). There were no differences between pre-conditioned and per-conditioned groups. However, the ROS levels were more reduced in pre- and per-conditioned group compared to pre-conditioned or per-conditioned only groups. Furthermore, selective antagonists for the delta, kappa, or mu opioid receptor partially negated the hydromorphone effect. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that hydromorphone can have additional protective effects on oxidative stress when pre- and per-conditioning is combined. Furthermore we proved that μ, δ, κ opioid receptors participate in protective mechanism of hydromorphone to glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sung Kim
- />Department of Anesthesiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Young Kim
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355 Korea
| | - Yeon-hwa Kim
- />Institute of Medical Science, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoo
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gerontology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV USA
| | - Too Jae Min
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355 Korea
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148
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Yoon HK, Kang J, Kwon DY, Ham BJ. Frontoparietal Cortical Thinning in Respiratory-Type Panic Disorder: A Preliminary Report. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:146-51. [PMID: 26766957 PMCID: PMC4701678 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many evidences raise the possibility that the panic disorder (PD) patients with respiratory subtype (RS) may have characteristic structural abnormalities. We aimed to explore the structural differences between PD patients with and without the respiratory symptoms. METHODS Patients with PD were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at Korea University Anam Hospital. Respiratory subtype (RS) was diagnosed when at least 4 out of 5 of the following respiratory symptoms were present during the panic attack: fear of dying, chest pain/discomfort, shortness of breath, paresthesias, and a choking sensation. We acquired high-resolution MRI scans and used FreeSurfer to obtain a measure of cortical thickness for each patient. RESULTS Cluster based analysis revealed significantly decreased cortical thickness in the left hemisphere in the caudal-middle-frontal, superior frontal, and posterior parietal areas in the RS group. No significant difference was observed in any of the limbic areas. CONCLUSION Respiratory symptoms of panic disorder were associated with a reduction in cortical thickness in the left frontal and parietal areas. This finding leads to the assumption that the frontoparietal network is the crucial component in a larger cortical network underlying the perception of dyspnea in RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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